UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
 FORM 10-Q
x    QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018
 
or
 
¨    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the transition period from                     to                     
 
Commission file number: 001-35908
 
ARMADA HOFFLER PROPERTIES, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
 
Maryland46-1214914
(State of Organization)
(IRS Employer
Identification No.)
  
222 Central Park Avenue, Suite 2100
Virginia Beach, Virginia
23462
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)(Zip Code)
 
(757) 366-4000
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    x  Yes     ◻  No
 
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files).    x  Yes     ◻  No
 
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): 
Large Accelerated Filer ◻ Accelerated Filerx
    
Non-Accelerated Filer ◻ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)Smaller Reporting Company ◻ 
  Emerging Growth Company
 x 
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   x
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  
◻ Yes     x  No

 
As of November 1, 2017,July 31, 2018, the Registrant had 44,936,65248,891,867 shares of common stock outstanding.



ARMADA HOFFLER PROPERTIES, INC.
 
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBERJUNE 30, 20172018
 
Table of Contents
 
 Page
  
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
    
    
  




PART I. Financial Information
 
Item 1.    Financial Statements
 
ARMADA HOFFLER PROPERTIES, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
(In thousands, except par value and share data)
 September 30,
2017
 December 31,
2016
 June 30,
2018
 December 31,
2017
 (Unaudited)   (Unaudited)  
ASSETS        
Real estate investments:        
Income producing property $906,225
 $894,078
 $934,929
 $910,686
Held for development 680
 680
 1,474
 680
Construction in progress 62,948
 13,529
 157,795
 83,071
 969,853
 908,287
 1,094,198
 994,437
Accumulated depreciation (157,932) (139,553) (177,966) (164,521)
Net real estate investments 811,921
 768,734
 916,232
 829,916
Cash and cash equivalents 19,721
 21,942
 12,279
 19,959
Restricted cash 3,195
 3,251
 3,139
 2,957
Accounts receivable, net 15,826
 15,052
 16,444
 15,691
Notes receivable 75,522
 59,546
 93,478
 83,058
Construction receivables, including retentions 35,923
 39,433
 19,868
 23,933
Construction contract costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings 110
 110
 1,287
 245
Equity method investments 11,169
 10,235
 14,538
 11,411
Other assets 57,611
 64,165
 55,106
 55,953
Total Assets $1,030,998
 $982,468
 $1,132,371
 $1,043,123
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY        
Indebtedness, net $488,609
 $522,180
 $580,446
 $517,272
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 14,383
 10,804
 11,525
 15,180
Construction payables, including retentions 48,160
 51,130
 40,719
 47,445
Billings in excess of construction contract costs and estimated earnings 5,232
 10,167
 1,711
 3,591
Other liabilities 41,181
 39,209
 41,000
 39,352
Total Liabilities $597,565
 $633,490
 675,401
 622,840
        
Redeemable noncontrolling interest 2,000
 
    
Stockholders’ equity:        
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 
 
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 44,936,652 and 37,490,361 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively 449
 374
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 
 
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 48,768,363 and 44,937,763 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively 488
 449
Additional paid-in capital 288,485
 197,114
 338,577
 287,407
Distributions in excess of earnings (56,755) (49,345) (70,648) (61,166)
Total stockholders’ equity 232,179
 148,143
 268,417
 226,690
Noncontrolling interests 199,254
 200,835
 188,553
 193,593
Total Equity 431,433
 348,978
 456,970
 420,283
Total Liabilities and Equity $1,030,998
 $982,468
 $1,132,371
 $1,043,123

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ARMADA HOFFLER PROPERTIES, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income 

(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
 Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016 2018 2017 2018 2017
Revenues                
Rental revenues $27,096
 $25,305
 $81,083
 $72,839
 $28,598
 $26,755
 $57,297
 $53,987
General contracting and real estate services revenues 41,201
 38,552
 161,391
 108,555
 20,654
 56,671
 43,704
 120,190
Total revenues 68,297
 63,857
 242,474
 181,394
 49,252
 83,426
 101,001
 174,177
                
Expenses                
Rental expenses 6,830
 5,834
 19,069
 16,234
 6,522
 6,171
 12,946
 12,239
Real estate taxes 2,693
 2,356
 7,797
 7,087
 2,735
 2,595
 5,548
 5,104
General contracting and real estate services expenses 39,377
 37,274
 154,588
 104,336
 20,087
 54,015
 42,501
 115,211
Depreciation and amortization 9,239
 8,885
 28,018
 25,636
 9,179
 9,304
 18,457
 18,779
General and administrative expenses 2,098
 2,156
 7,762
 6,864
 2,764
 2,678
 5,725
 5,664
Acquisition, development and other pursuit costs 61
 345
 477
 1,486
 9
 369
 93
 416
Impairment charges 19
 149
 50
 184
 98
 27
 98
 31
Total expenses 60,317
 56,999
 217,761
 161,827
 41,394
 75,159
 85,368
 157,444
Operating income 7,980
 6,858
 24,713
 19,567
 7,858
 8,267
 15,633
 16,733
Interest income 1,910
 1,024
 4,966
 1,928
 2,375
 1,658
 4,607
 3,056
Interest expense (4,253) (4,124) (13,282) (11,893) (4,497) (4,494) (8,870) (9,029)
Loss on extinguishment of debt 
 (82) 
 (82)
Gain on real estate dispositions 4,692
 3,753
 8,087
 30,440
 
 
 
 3,395
Change in fair value of interest rate derivatives 87
 498
 300
 (2,264) (11) (81) 958
 213
Other income 74
 35
 154
 154
 54
 43
 168
 80
Income before taxes 10,490
 7,962
 24,938
 37,850
 5,779
 5,393
 12,496
 14,448
Income tax provision (29) (16) (781) (240)
Income tax benefit (provision) 166
 (450) 432
 (752)
Net income 10,461
 7,946
 24,157
 37,610
 5,945
 4,943
 12,928
 13,696
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (2,973) (2,734) (7,262) (12,994) (1,626) (1,472) (3,569) (4,289)
Net income attributable to stockholders $7,488
 $5,212
 $16,895
 $24,616
 $4,319
 $3,471
 $9,359
 $9,407
Net income attributable to stockholders per share (basic and diluted) $0.17
 $0.15
 $0.41
 $0.77
 $0.09
 $0.08
 $0.21
 $0.24
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (basic and diluted) 44,934
 33,792
 41,575
 31,913
 45,928
 42,091
 45,532
 39,869
Dividends and distributions declared per common share and unit $0.19
 $0.18
 $0.57
 $0.54
 $0.20
 $0.19
 $0.40
 $0.38

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ARMADA HOFFLER PROPERTIES, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Equity
 
(In thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
 
 Shares of common stock Common Stock Additional paid-in capital Distributions in excess of earnings Total stockholders' equity Noncontrolling interests Total Equity Shares of common stock Common Stock Additional paid-in capital Distributions in excess of earnings Total stockholders' equity Noncontrolling interests Total Equity
Balance, January 1, 2017 37,490,361
 $374
 $197,114
 $(49,345) $148,143
 $200,835
 $348,978
Balance, January 1, 2018 44,937,763
 $449
 $287,407
 $(61,166) $226,690
 $193,593
 $420,283
Net income 
 
 
 16,895
 16,895
 7,262
 24,157
 
 
 
 9,359
 9,359
 3,569
 12,928
Net proceeds from sales of common stock 7,350,690
 74
 91,307
 
 91,381
 
 91,381
 3,542,178
 35
 48,946
 
 48,981
 
 48,981
Restricted stock awards 116,704
 1
 1,381
 
 1,382
 
 1,382
Restricted stock awards, net of tax withholding 126,050
 2
 902
 
 904
 
 904
Restricted stock award forfeitures (21,103) 
 (289) 
 (289) 
 (289) (628) 
 (4) 
 (4) 
 (4)
Issuance of common units for acquisition of interest in real estate investment 
 
 (987) 
 (987) 982
 (5)
Issuance of operating partnership units for acquisitions 
 
 (5) 
 (5) 2,201
 2,196
Redemption of operating partnership units 
 
 (41) 
 (41) (188) (229) 163,000
 2
 1,331
 
 1,333
 (3,864) (2,531)
Dividends and distributions declared 
 
 
 (24,305) (24,305) (9,637) (33,942) 
 
 
 (18,841) (18,841) (6,946) (25,787)
Balance, September 30, 2017 44,936,652
 $449
 $288,485
 $(56,755) $232,179
 $199,254
 $431,433
Balance, June 30, 2018 48,768,363
 $488
 $338,577
 $(70,648) $268,417
 $188,553
 $456,970
 
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ARMADA HOFFLER PROPERTIES, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
 Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 2017 2016 2018 2017
OPERATING ACTIVITIES        
Net income $24,157
 $37,610
 $12,928
 $13,696
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:        
Depreciation of buildings and tenant improvements 19,385
 17,055
 13,540
 12,930
Amortization of leasing costs and in-place lease intangibles 8,633
 8,581
 4,917
 5,849
Accrued straight-line rental revenue (927) (765) (1,029) (640)
Amortization of leasing incentives and above or below-market rents (140) (61) (141) (90)
Accrued straight-line ground rent expense 401
 291
 136
 273
Bad debt expense 425
 178
 112
 166
Noncash stock compensation 1,047
 864
 820
 832
Impairment charges 50
 184
 98
 31
Noncash interest expense 940
 687
 557
 560
Noncash loss on extinguishment of debt 
 82
Gain on real estate dispositions (8,087) (30,440) 
 (3,395)
Change in the fair value of interest rate derivatives (300) 2,264
 (958) (213)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:        
Property assets (3,612) (4,938) (2,505) (1,009)
Property liabilities 3,209
 3,856
 (1,973) (2,489)
Construction assets 4,065
 (5,863) 4,443
 (6,495)
Construction liabilities (12,648) 9,197
 (15,081) 21
Interest receivable (4,604) (3,053)
Net cash provided by operating activities 36,598
 38,782
 11,260
 16,974
INVESTING ACTIVITIES        
Development of real estate investments (28,731) (48,671) (57,741) (14,997)
Tenant and building improvements (8,104) (4,399) (5,599) (4,338)
Acquisitions of real estate investments, net of cash received (28,020) (177,865) (32,967) (6,767)
Dispositions of real estate investments 12,557
 96,312
 4,271
 4,441
Notes receivable issuances (15,754) (42,110) (5,816) (10,783)
Decrease in capital improvement reserves (203) (210)
Leasing costs (149) (1,601) (2,060) (807)
Leasing incentives (147) (188) (79) (2)
Contributions to equity method investments (934) (8,949) (3,127) (715)
Net cash used for investing activities (69,485) (187,681) (103,118) (33,968)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES        
Proceeds from sales of common stock 96,044
 51,088
 49,730
 96,044
Offering costs (4,663) (1,183) (749) (4,663)
Common shares tendered for tax withholding (343) (289)
Debt issuances, credit facility and construction loan borrowings 124,206
 290,105
 147,248
 73,906
Debt and credit facility repayments, including principal amortization (152,201) (167,659) (84,277) (130,674)
Debt issuance costs (751) (1,791) (381) (471)
Redemption of operating partnership units (229) (58) (2,531) (229)
Dividends and distributions (31,740) (24,702) (24,337) (20,097)
Net cash provided by financing activities 30,666
 145,800
 84,360
 13,527
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (2,221) (3,099) (7,498) (3,467)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 21,942
 26,989
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $19,721
 $23,890
Supplemental Disclosures:    
Noncash transactions:    
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period 22,916
 25,193
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period $15,418
 $21,726
Supplemental Disclosures (noncash transactions):    
Increase in dividends payable $1,450
 $1,973
Increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities for capital expenditures $6,692
 $4,608
Issuance of operating partnership units for acquisitions

 $1,702
 $982
Operating Partnership units redeemed for common shares $1,804
 $
Redeemable noncontrolling interest from development $2,000
 $
 $
 $2,000
Deferred payment for land acquisition $600
 $
 $
 $600

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ARMADA HOFFLER PROPERTIES, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
 
(Unaudited)
 
1. Business of Organization
 
Armada Hoffler Properties, Inc. (the “Company”) is a full service real estate company with extensive experience developing, building, owning and managing high-quality, institutional-grade office, retail and multifamily properties in attractive markets primarily throughout the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern United States. The Company is the sole general partner of Armada Hoffler, L.P. (the “Operating Partnership”)., and as of June 30, 2018 owned 73.8% of the economic interest in the Operating Partnership, of which 0.1% is held as general partnership units. The operations of the Company are carried on primarily through the Operating Partnership and the wholly owned subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership. Both the Company and the Operating Partnership were formed on October 12, 2012 and commenced operations upon completion of the underwritten initial public offering of shares of the Company’s common stock and certain related formation transactions on May 13, 2013.

As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, the Company's operating property portfolio consisted of the following properties:
PropertySegmentLocationOwnership Interest
4525 Main StreetOfficeVirginia Beach, Virginia*100%
Armada Hoffler TowerOfficeVirginia Beach, Virginia*100%
One ColumbusOfficeVirginia Beach, Virginia*100%
Two ColumbusOfficeVirginia Beach, Virginia*100%
249 Central Park RetailRetailVirginia Beach, Virginia*100%
Alexander PointeRetailSalisbury, North Carolina100%
Bermuda CrossroadsRetailChester, Virginia100%
Broad Creek Shopping CenterRetailNorfolk, Virginia100%
Broadmoor PlazaRetailSouth Bend, Indiana100%
Brooks Crossing(1)
RetailNewport News, Virginia65%
Columbus VillageRetailVirginia Beach, Virginia*100%
Columbus Village IIRetailVirginia Beach, Virginia*100%
Commerce Street RetailRetailVirginia Beach, Virginia*100%
Courthouse 7-ElevenRetailVirginia Beach, Virginia100%
Dick's at Town CenterRetailVirginia Beach, Virginia*100%
Dimmock SquareRetailColonial Heights, Virginia100%
Fountain Plaza RetailRetailVirginia Beach, Virginia*100%
Gainsborough SquareRetailChesapeake, Virginia100%
Greentree Shopping CenterRetailChesapeake, Virginia100%
Hanbury VillageRetailChesapeake, Virginia100%
Harper Hill CommonsRetailWinston-Salem, North Carolina100%
Harrisonburg RegalRetailHarrisonburg, Virginia100%
Lightfoot Marketplace(2)
RetailWilliamsburg, Virginia70%
North Hampton MarketRetailTaylors, South Carolina100%
North Point CenterRetailDurham, North Carolina100%
Oakland MarketplaceRetailOakland, Tennessee100%
Parkway MarketplaceRetailVirginia Beach, Virginia100%
Patterson PlaceRetailDurham, North Carolina100%
Perry Hall MarketplaceRetailPerry Hall, Maryland100%
Providence PlazaRetailCharlotte, North Carolina100%
Renaissance SquareRetailDavidson, North Carolina100%
Sandbridge CommonsRetailVirginia Beach, Virginia100%
49 operating properties and 8 development properties.

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TableRefer to Note 4 for information related to the Company's recent acquisitions and dispositions of Contents
operating properties.

PropertySegmentLocationOwnership Interest
Socastee CommonsRetailMyrtle Beach, South Carolina100%
Southgate SquareRetailColonial Heights, Virginia100%
Southshore ShopsRetailChesterfield, Virginia100%
South RetailRetailVirginia Beach, Virginia*100%
South SquareRetailDurham, North Carolina100%
Stone House SquareRetailHagerstown, Maryland100%
Studio 56 RetailRetailVirginia Beach, Virginia*100%
Tyre Neck Harris TeeterRetailPortsmouth, Virginia100%
Waynesboro CommonsRetailWaynesboro, Virginia100%
Wendover VillageRetailGreensboro, North Carolina100%
Encore ApartmentsMultifamilyVirginia Beach, Virginia*100%
Johns Hopkins Village(3)
MultifamilyBaltimore, Maryland80%
Liberty ApartmentsMultifamilyNewport News, Virginia100%
Smith's LandingMultifamilyBlacksburg, Virginia100%
The CosmopolitanMultifamilyVirginia Beach, Virginia*100%
(1)The Company is entitledRefer to a preferred return of 8% on its investment in Brooks Crossing.
(2)The Company is entitled to a preferred return of 9% on its investment in Lightfoot Marketplace.
(3)See discussion of redeemable noncontrolling interest in Note 9 for additional information. The Company is entitled to a preferred return of 9% on its investment in Johns Hopkins Village.
*Located in the Town Center of Virginia Beach
As of September 30, 2017, the following properties that the Company consolidates for financial statement purposes were under development or construction: 
PropertySegmentLocationOwnership Interest
Town Center Phase VIMixed-useVirginia Beach, Virginia*100%
Harding Place(1)
MultifamilyCharlotte, North Carolina80%
595 King StreetMultifamilyCharleston, South Carolina92.5%
530 Meeting StreetMultifamilyCharleston, South Carolina90%
(1)     The Company is entitled to a preferred return of 9% on a portion of its investment in Harding Place.
*Located in the Town Center of Virginia Beach
Please see Note 5 for information related to the Company’s investment in Durham City Center II, LLC, which is an unconsolidated subsidiary that the Company accounts for using the equity method of accounting.

Subsequent to June 30, 2018

On July 2, 2018, the Company entered into a ground lease for a land parcel at Wills Wharf, located at the Harbor Point area in Baltimore, Maryland. The Company plans to develop a mixed-use building on the site.
 
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
Basis of Presentation
 
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”).
 
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial position and results of operations of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
 
In the opinion of management, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, which are necessary for the fair presentation of the financial condition and results of operations for the interim periods presented.


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The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with the requirements for interim financial information. Accordingly, these interim financial statements have not been audited and exclude certain disclosures required for annual financial statements. Also, the operating results presented for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the entire year. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2017.
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed. Such estimates are based on management’s historical experience and best judgment after considering past, current and expected events and economic conditions. Actual results could differ significantly from management’s estimates.

Reclassifications

During the second quarter of 2018, the Company identified certain immaterial classification errors on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and has determined that, in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and future

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periodic reports, the Company will correct these classification errors. One classification error will be corrected by including within the changes in operating assets and liabilities in the operating activities section a new line item for "Interest receivable." A corresponding adjustment will be recorded to reduce the amount of "Notes receivable issuances" within investing activities on the statement of cash flows. These reclassifications totaled $7.1 million, $3.2 million, and $0.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively, $2.2 million and $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $3.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017. These reclassifications will decrease "Net cash provided by operating activities" and "Net cash used for investing activities" by an equal and offsetting amount. These reclassifications will not have any impact on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, Consolidated Statements of Income, Consolidated Statement of Equity, or any other operating measure for the periods affected.

These amounts were previously presented as "Notes receivable issuances," a component of net cash used for investing activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, resulting in overstatements in cash provided by operating activities and overstatements of cash used in investing activities. These amounts represent interest earned on mezzanine loans that were funded by the interest reserve accounts provided for in the mezzanine loan agreements. These amounts are now classified as changes in interest receivable, a non-cash adjustment to calculate net cash provided by operating activities.

The second classification error will be corrected by including within financing activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows a new line item for “Common shares tendered for tax withholding.” A corresponding adjustment will be recorded to the "Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Property liabilities" within operating activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. This reclassification totaled $0.3 million, $0.2 million, and $0.3 million during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively, $0.3 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $0.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017. These reclassifications will increase “Net cash provided by operating activities” and decrease “Net cash provided by financing activities” by an equal and offsetting amount.
 
Significant Accounting Policies

General Contracting and Real Estate Services Revenues

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the new accounting standard codified in Accounting Standards Codification 606 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (see also "Recent Accounting Pronouncements" below). The Company recognizes general contracting revenues as a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. For each construction contract, the Company identifies the performance obligations, which typically include the delivery of a single building constructed according to the specifications of the contract. The Company estimates the total transaction price, which generally includes a fixed contract price and may also include variable components such as early completion bonuses, liquidated damages, or cost savings to be shared with the customer. Variable components of the contract price are included in the transaction price to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur. The Company recognizes the estimated transaction price as revenue as it satisfies its performance obligations, and the Company estimates its progress in satisfying performance obligations for each contract using the percentage-of-completion method, based on the proportion of incurred costs to total estimated construction costs at completion. Construction contract costs include all direct material, direct labor, subcontract costs, and overhead costs directly related to contract performance. Changes in job performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability, including those arising from contract penalty provisions and final contract settlements, are all significant judgments that may result in revisions to costs and income and are recognized in the period in which they are determined. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are recognized immediately in the period in which such losses are determined. The Company defers pre-contract costs when such costs are directly associated with specific anticipated contracts and their recovery is probable.
 
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements were preparedCompany recognizes real estate services revenues from property development and management services as it satisfies its performance obligations under these service arrangements.

The Company assesses whether multiple contracts with a single counterparty should be combined into a single contract for revenue recognition purposes based on factors such as the basistiming of the accounting principles describednegotiation and execution of the contracts and whether the economic substance of the contracts was contemplated separately or in tandem.

See the Company’sCompany's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2017 for a description of other accounting principles upon which basis the accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared.

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
On May 28, 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued a new standard that provides a single, comprehensive model for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers. TheWhile the new standard requires additional disclosures aboutdoes not supersede the Company's revenue recognition and could changeguidance on accounting for leases, it changes the way the Company recognizes revenue from construction and development contracts with third party customers. Management is currently reviewing the Company's existing construction contracts to assess the potential impacts of the new standard. A substantial portion of the Company's revenue consists of rental revenues from leasing arrangements, such as base rent, which is specifically excluded from the revenue guidance. Non-lease components, such as tenant reimbursements for common area maintenance, will be subject to the revenue guidance. The Company does not expect the newadopted this standard to have a material impact on the measure and recognition of gains and losses on the sale of properties. The new standard will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The Company plans to adopt the new standard2018 using the fullmodified retrospective method.method, applying this standard to all contracts not yet completed as of that date. In applying the standard to the Company’s future construction contracts, certain pre-contract costs incurred by the Company are now deferred and amortized over the period during which construction obligations are fulfilled. Previously, these costs were immediately recorded as general contracting expenses upon commencement of construction, with the corresponding general contracting revenue also recorded. Applying the standard to the Company’s uncompleted contracts as of January 1, 2018 did not result in material differences to these contracts in aggregate, and no cumulative adjustment to distributions in excess of earnings was recorded as of January 1, 2018.
 
On February 25, 2016, the FASB issued a new lease standard that requires lessees to recognize most leases in their balance sheets as lease liabilities with corresponding right-of-use assets. The new standard also makes targeted changes to lessor accounting. The new standard will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2019 and requires a modified retrospective transition approach for all leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented, with an option to use certain transition relief. Management is currently evaluating the potential impact of the new standard on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company is the lessee on certain ground leases and equipment leases, which represents a majority of the Company's current operating lease payments, and expects to record right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for these leases under the new standard.
  
On March 30, 2016, the FASB issued new guidance that changed the accounting for certain aspects of share-based payments to employees. Entities are required to recognize the income tax effects of awards in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled, and the Company is allowed to account for forfeitures as they occur. The Company adopted the guidance on January 1, 2017 and it did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

On August 26,In 2016, the FASB issued new guidance that addresses eight classification issues related to the statement of cash flows and requires the presentation of total changes in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. ThisThe Company adopted this new guidance should be appliedon December 31, 2017, applying it retrospectively to each period presented. ThisThe new guidance willrequires that the statement of cash flows show changes in restricted cash in addition to changes in cash and cash equivalents. No additional changes were required to be effectivemade to the Company's consolidated statements of cash flows as a result of the new guidance. The following table sets forth the items from the Company's consolidated balance sheets that are included in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash in the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):
 Balance as of
 June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 June 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Cash and cash equivalents$12,279
 $19,959
 $18,587
 $21,942
Restricted cash3,139
 2,957
 3,139
 3,251
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash$15,418
 $22,916
 $21,726
 $25,193


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The following table summarizes the changes made to net cash provided by operating activities, net cash used for investing activities, and net cash provided by financing activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows for the Companysix months ended June 30, 2017 on January 1, 2018. Management is currently evaluating the potential impacta retrospective basis (in thousands) as a result of the new guidance onas well as the Company’s consolidated financial statements.reclassification adjustments described in the "Reclassifications" section above:
 Six months ended
 June 30, 2017
Operating activities as originally presented$19,886
Adjustment relating to restricted cash(148)
Adjustment for shares tendered for tax withholding289
Adjustment relating to interest income presentation(3,053)
Operating activities after adjustments$16,974
  
Investing activities as originally presented$(37,057)
Adjustment relating to restricted cash36
Adjustment relating to interest income presentation3,053
Investing activities after adjustments$(33,968)
  
Financing activities as originally presented$13,816
Adjustment for shares tendered for tax withholding(289)
Financing activities after adjustments$13,527

On February 22, 2017, the FASB issued new guidance that clarifies the scope and application of guidance on sales or transfers of nonfinancial assets and in substance nonfinancial assets to customers, including partial sales. The new guidance applies to all nonfinancial assets, including real estate, and defines an in substance nonfinancial asset. The Company adopted the new guidance will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted. Management is currently evaluating the potentialand it did not have a material impact of the new standard on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

On August 28, 2017, the FASB issued new guidance that simplifies some of the requirements relating to accounting for derivatives and hedging. The new guidance eliminates the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness for a highly effective hedge and also simplifies certain documentation and assessment requirements relating

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to the determination of hedge effectiveness. The new guidance will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. TheAs of June 30, 2018, the Company does not currently have any derivatives designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes.purposes but may designate new derivative contracts as hedging instruments in the future. The application of this guidance to future hedging relationships could reduce or eliminate the gains and losses that would otherwise be recorded for these derivative instruments.

3. Segments
 
Net operating income (segment revenues minus segment expenses) is the measure used by the Company’s chief operating decision-maker to assess segment performance. Net operating income is not a measure of operating income or cash flows from operating activities as measured by GAAP and is not indicative of cash available to fund cash needs. As a result, net operating income should not be considered an alternative to cash flows as a measure of liquidity. Not all companies calculate net operating income in the same manner. The Company considers net operating income to be an appropriate supplemental measure to net income because it assists both investors and management in understanding the core operations of the Company’s real estate and construction businesses.

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Net operating income of the Company’s reportable segments for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 20162017 was as follows (in thousands): 
 Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016 2018 2017 2018 2017
 (Unaudited) (Unaudited)
Office real estate                
Rental revenues $4,762
 $5,277
 $14,427
 $16,097
 $5,288
 $4,759
 $10,388
 $9,665
Rental expenses 1,447
 1,553
 4,138
 4,307
 1,430
 1,366
 2,876
 2,692
Real estate taxes 481
 485
 1,381
 1,550
 502
 450
 1,004
 900
Segment net operating income 2,834
 3,239
 8,908
 10,240
 3,356
 2,943
 6,508
 6,073
Retail real estate                
Rental revenues 15,880
 14,340
 47,089
 41,485
 16,608
 15,578
 33,319
 31,209
Rental expenses 2,699
 2,264
 7,698
 6,820
 2,563
 2,479
 5,220
 4,999
Real estate taxes 1,588
 1,339
 4,557
 3,953
 1,656
 1,520
 3,339
 2,969
Segment net operating income 11,593
 10,737
 34,834
 30,712
 12,389
 11,579
 24,760
 23,241
Multifamily residential real estate                
Rental revenues 6,454
 5,688
 19,567
 15,257
 6,702
 6,418
 13,590
 13,113
Rental expenses 2,684
 2,017
 7,233
 5,107
 2,529
 2,326
 4,850
 4,548
Real estate taxes 624
 532
 1,859
 1,584
 577
 625
 1,205
 1,235
Segment net operating income 3,146
 3,139
 10,475
 8,566
 3,596
 3,467
 7,535
 7,330
General contracting and real estate services                
Segment revenues 41,201
 38,552
 161,391
 108,555
 20,654
 56,671
 43,704
 120,190
Segment expenses 39,377
 37,274
 154,588
 104,336
 20,087
 54,015
 42,501
 115,211
Segment gross profit 1,824
 1,278
 6,803
 4,219
 567
 2,656
 1,203
 4,979
Net operating income $19,397
 $18,393
 $61,020
 $53,737
 $19,908
 $20,645
 $40,006
 $41,623
 
General contracting and real estate services revenues for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 20162017 exclude revenue related to intercompany construction contracts of $13.9$34.2 million and $7.9$11.6 million, respectively. General contracting and real estate services revenues for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 20162017 exclude revenue related to intercompany construction contracts of $31.3$60.1 million and $40.7$17.5 million, respectively.

General contracting and real estate services expenses for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 20162017 exclude expenses related to intercompany construction contracts of $13.7$33.9 million and $7.7$11.6 million, respectively. General contracting and real estate services expenses for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 20162017 exclude expenses related to intercompany construction contracts of $31.0$59.5 million and $40.2$17.3 million, respectively.

General contracting and real estate services expenses for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 20162017 include noncash stock compensation expense of less than $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively. General contracting and real

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estate services expenses for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 20162017 include noncash stock compensation expense of $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively.

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The following table reconciles net operating income to net income, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 20162017 (in thousands): 
 Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016 2018 2017 2018 2017
 (Unaudited) (Unaudited)
Net operating income $19,397
 $18,393
 $61,020
 $53,737
 $19,908
 $20,645
 $40,006
 $41,623
Depreciation and amortization (9,239) (8,885) (28,018) (25,636) (9,179) (9,304) (18,457) (18,779)
General and administrative expenses (2,098) (2,156) (7,762) (6,864) (2,764) (2,678) (5,725) (5,664)
Acquisition, development and other pursuit costs (61) (345) (477) (1,486) (9) (369) (93) (416)
Impairment charges (19) (149) (50) (184) (98) (27) (98) (31)
Interest income 1,910
 1,024
 4,966
 1,928
 2,375
 1,658
 4,607
 3,056
Interest expense (4,253) (4,124) (13,282) (11,893) (4,497) (4,494) (8,870) (9,029)
Loss on extinguishment of debt 
 (82) 
 (82)
Gain on real estate dispositions 4,692
 3,753
 8,087
 30,440
 
 
 
 3,395
Change in fair value of interest rate derivatives 87
 498
 300
 (2,264) (11) (81) 958
 213
Other income 74
 35
 154
 154
 54
 43
 168
 80
Income tax provision (29) (16) (781) (240)
Income tax (provision) benefit 166
 (450) 432
 (752)
Net income $10,461
 $7,946
 $24,157
 $37,610
 $5,945
 $4,943
 $12,928
 $13,696
 
General and administrative expenses for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 20162017 include noncash stock compensation expense of $0.2 million and $0.1$0.2 million, respectively. General and administrative expenses for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 20162017 include noncash stock compensation expense of $0.8$0.7 million and $0.6 million, respectively.

4. Real Estate Investment
 
Property Acquisitions
 
On January 4, 2017,9, 2018, the Company acquired undeveloped landIndian Lakes Crossing, a Harris Teeter-anchored shopping center in Charleston, South CarolinaVirginia Beach, Virginia, for a contract price of $7.1$14.7 million plus capitalized acquisition costs of $0.2 million. The Company intends to use the land for the future development of the 595 King Street property.

On July 11,January 29, 2018, the Company acquired Parkway Centre, a newly developed Publix-anchored shopping center in Moultrie, Georgia for total consideration of $11.3 million (comprised of $9.6 million in cash and $1.7 million in the form of Class A units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership ("Class A Units")) plus capitalized acquisition costs of $0.3 million.

The following table summarizes the purchase price allocation (including acquisition costs) based on relative fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the two operating properties purchased during the six months ended June 30, 2018 (in thousands):
  Indian Lakes Crossing Parkway Centre
Land $10,926
 $1,372
Site improvements 531
 696
Building and improvements 1,913
 7,168
In-place leases 1,648
 2,346
Above-market leases 11
 
Below-market leases (175) (10)
Net assets acquired $14,854
 $11,572

On November 30, 2017, the Company entered into a lease agreement with Bottling Group, LLC for a new distribution facility that the Company will develop and construct for expected delivery in the fourth quarter of 2018. On January 29, 2018, the Company acquired undeveloped land in Charleston, South CarolinaChesterfield, Virginia, a portion of which will serve as the site for this facility, for a contract price of $6.7$2.4 million plus capitalized acquisition costs of $0.1 million.

On January 18, 2018, the Company entered into an operating agreement with a partner to develop a Lowes Foods-anchored shopping center in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina. The Company has a 70% ownership interest in the partnership. The partnership, Market at Mill Creek Partners, LLC acquired undeveloped land on February 16, 2018 for a contract price of $2.9 million plus capitalized acquisition costs of $0.1 million. The Company intendsis responsible for funding the equity requirements of this development. As of June 30, 2018, the Company's investment in the project totaled $9.4 million. Management has concluded that this entity is a variable interest entity ("VIE") as it lacks sufficient equity to usefund its operations without additional financial support. The Company is the developer of the shopping center and has the power to direct the activities of the project that most significantly impact its performance and is the party most closely associated with the project. Therefore, the Company is the project's primary beneficiary and consolidates the project in its consolidated financial statements.

On April 2, 2018, the Company acquired undeveloped land in Newport News, Virginia for less than $0.1 million. This land parcel is being used in the future development of the 530 Meeting Street property.Brooks Crossing office tower.

Property Disposition

On July 25, 2017, the Company acquired the outparcel phase of Wendover Village in Greensboro, North Carolina for a contract price of $14.3 million plus capitalized acquisition costs of $0.1 million. The following table summarizes the purchase price allocation, including acquisition costs, for this property (in thousands):
Land $5,550
Site improvements 232
Building and improvements 6,975
In-place leases 1,382
Above-market leases 327
Below-market leases (50)
Net assets acquired $14,416

Property Dispositions

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On January 20, 2017,May 24, 2018, the Company completed the sale of the Wawa outparcel at Greentree Shopping Center. Net proceeds after transaction costs wereIndian Lakes Crossing for a contract price of $4.4 million. TheThere was no gain or loss on the disposition was $3.4 million.

On July 13, 2017, the Company completed the sale of two office properties leased by the Commonwealth of Virginia in Chesapeake, Virginia and Virginia Beach, Virginia. Aggregate net proceeds from the dispositions of the properties after transaction costs and repayment of the loan associated with the Chesapeake, Virginia property were $7.9 million, and the aggregate gain on the dispositions was $4.2 million.

On August 10, 2017, the Company completed the sale of a land outparcel at Sandbridge Commons. Net proceeds after transaction costs and a partial loan paydown were $0.3 million. The gain on the disposition was $0.5 million.disposition.

5. Equity Method Investment

City Center

On February 25, 2016, the Company acquired a 37% interest in Durham City Center II, LLC (“City Center”) for purposes of developing a 22-story mixed use tower in Durham, North Carolina. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company invested an additional $3.2 million in City Center. As of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, the Company hashad invested $11.2$13.8 million and $10.3$10.9 million, respectively, in City Center.Center, and the carrying value of the Company's investment was $14.5 million and $11.4 million, respectively. The Company has agreed to guarantee 37% of the construction loan for City Center; however, the loan is collateralized by 100% of the assets of City Center. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, $18.7$38.9 million hasand $29.2 million, respectively, had been drawn against the construction loan, of which $7.8$13.2 million isand $11.2 million, respectively, was attributable to the Company's portion of the loan.
 
As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the difference between the carrying value of the Company’s initial investment in City Center and the amount of underlying equity was immaterial. For the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, City Center did not have any operating activity, and therefore the Company did not receive any dividendsdistributions or allocated income. 
 
Based on the terms of City Center’s operating agreement, the Company has concluded that City Center is a variable interest entity ("VIE"),VIE and that the Company holds a variable interest. The Company does not have the power to direct the activities of the project that most significantly impact its performance. Accordingly, the Company is not the project’s primary beneficiary and, therefore, does not consolidate City Center in its consolidated financial statements.


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6. Notes Receivable

Point Street ApartmentsThe Company had the following mezzanine loans outstanding as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (in thousands):

On October 15, 2015,
  Outstanding loan amount Maximum loan commitment Interest rate
Development Project June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 
1405 Point $25,633
 $22,444
 $28,232
 8.0%
The Residences at Annapolis Junction 45,230
 43,021
 48,105
 10.0%
North Decatur Square 15,134
 11,790
 25,712
 15.0%
Delray Plaza 6,551
 5,379
 13,123
 15.0%
Total $92,548
 $82,634
 $115,172
  

Interest on the mezzanine loans is accrued and funded utilizing the interest reserves for each loan, which are components of the respective maximum loan commitments, and such accrued interest is added to the loan receivable balances. The Company agreed to invest up to $28.2 million inrecognized interest income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 as follows:

  Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
Development Project 2018 2017 2018 2017
1405 Point $483
 $429
 $936
 $845
The Residences at Annapolis Junction 1,124
 1,016
 2,209
 1,997
North Decatur Square 531
 211
 992
 211
Delray Plaza 225
 
 448
 
Total $2,363
 $1,656
 $4,585
 $3,053

1405 Point

1405 Point (also known as Point Street Apartments project in the Harbor Point area of Baltimore, Maryland. Point Street Apartments is an estimated $92 million development project with plans for a 17-story building comprised of 289 residential units and 18,000 square feet of street-level retail space. Beatty Development Group (“BDG”) is the developer of the project and has engaged the Company to serve as construction general contractor. Point Street Apartments is scheduled to open inApartments) opened during the first quarter of 2018; however, management can provide no assurances that Point Street Apartments will open on the anticipated timeline or be completed at the anticipated cost.2018.
 
BDGThe developer of 1405 Point secured a senior construction loan of up to $67.0 million to fund the development and construction of 1405 Point Street Apartments on November 10, 2016. The Company has agreed to guarantee $25.0 million of the senior construction loan in exchange for the option to purchase up to an 88% controlling interest in 1405 Point Street Apartments upon completion of the project as follows: (i) an option to purchase a 79% indirect interest in Point Street Apartments for $27.3 million, exercisable within one year from the project’s completion (the “First Option”) and (ii) provided that the Company has exercised the First Option, an option to purchase an additional 9% indirect interest in Point Street Apartments for $3.1 million, exercisable within 27 months from the project’s completion (the “Second Option”).project. The Company currently has a $2.1 million letter of credit for the guarantee of the senior construction loan.
 
The Company’s investment in the Point Street Apartments project is in the form of a loan pursuant to which BDG may borrow up to $28.2 million (the “BDG loan”). Interest on the BDG loan accruesResidences at 8.0% per annum and matures on the earliest of: (i) November 1, 2018, which may be extended by BDG under two one-year extension options, (ii) the maturity date or earlier termination of the senior construction loan or (iii) the date the Company exercises the Second Option as described further below.

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In the event the Company exercises the First Option, BDG is required to pay down the outstanding BDG loan in full, with the difference between the BDG loan and $28.2 million applied to the senior construction loan. In the event the Company exercises the Second Option, BDG is required to simultaneously repay any remaining amounts outstanding under the BDG loan, with any excess proceeds received from the exercise of the Second Option applied against the senior construction loan. In the event the Company does not exercise either the First Option or the Second Option, the interest rate on the BDG loan will automatically be reduced to the interest rate on the senior construction loan for the remaining term of the BDG loan.
As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company had funded $22.0 million and $20.7 million, respectively, under the BDG loan. During the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recognized $0.4 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of interest income on the BDG loan. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recognized $1.3 million and $0.8 million, respectively, of interest income on the BDG loan. BDG is current on the BDG loan.

Management has concluded that this entity is a VIE. Because BDG is the developer of Point Street Apartments, the Company does not have the power to direct the activities of the project that most significantly impact its performance, nor is the Company the party most closely associated with the project. Therefore, the Company is not the project's primary beneficiary and does not consolidate the project in its consolidated financial statements.

Annapolis Junction

On April 21, 2016, the Company entered into a note receivable with a maximum balance of $48.1 million in connection with the Annapolis Junction Apartments project in Maryland ("Annapolis Junction"). Annapolis Junction Apartments is an estimated $102.0 million development project with plans for 416 residential units. It is part of a mixed-use development project that is also planned to have 17,000 square feet of retail space and a 150-room hotel. Annapolis Junction Apartments Owner, LLC (“AJAO”) is theThe developer of the residential component and has engaged the Company to serve as construction general contractor for the residential component. Portions ofThe Residences at Annapolis Junction opened during the third quarter of 2017, and the remaining portions are scheduled to open during the fourth quarter of 2017; however, management can provide no assurances that the remaining portions of Annapolis Junction will open on the anticipated timeline or at the anticipated cost.
AJAO secured a senior construction loan of up to $60.0 million to fund the development and construction of Annapolis Junction's residential component on September 30, 2016. The Company has agreed to guarantee up to $25.0 million of the senior construction loan in exchange for the option to purchase up to an 88% controlling interest in Annapolis Junction uponJunction.

In July 2018, the Company entered into an agreement regarding the sale of its at-cost purchase option to the developer of The Residences at Annapolis Junction.

7. Construction Contracts

Construction contract costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings represent reimbursable costs and amounts earned under contracts in progress as of the balance sheet date. Such amounts become billable according to contract terms, which usually consider the passage of time, achievement of certain milestones or completion of the projectproject. The Company expects to bill and collect substantially all construction contract costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings as follows: (i) an option to purchase an 80% indirect interest in Annapolis Junction's residential component forof June 30, 2018 during the lesser of the seller’s budgeted or actual cost, exercisable within one year from the project’s completion (the “First Option”) and (ii) provided that the Company has exercised the First Option, an option to purchase an additional 8% indirect interest in Annapolis Junction for the lesser of the seller’s actual or budgeted cost, exercisable within 27 months from the project’s completion (the “Second Option”).next twelve months.  
 
The Company’s investment in the Annapolis Junction project is in the form of a loan under which AJAO may borrow up to $48.1 million, including a $6.0 million interest reserve (the “AJAO loan”). Interest on the AJAO loan accrues at 10.0% per annum and matures on the earliest of: (i) December 21, 2020, which may be extended by AJAO under two one-year extension options, (ii) the maturity date or earlier termination of the senior construction loan or (iii) the date the Company exercises the Second Option as described further below. In the event that the Company exercises the First Option, AJAO is required to simultaneously pay down both the senior construction loan and the AJAO loan by 80%, at which time the interest rate on the AJAO loan will automatically be reduced to the interest rate on the senior construction loan. In the event the Company exercises the Second Option, AJAO is required to simultaneously repay any remaining amounts outstanding under the AJAO loan, with any excess proceeds received from the exercise of the Second Option applied against the remaining balance of the senior construction loan. In the event that the Company does not exercise either the First Option or the Second Option, the interest rate on the AJAO loan will automatically be reduced to the interest rate on the senior construction loan for the remaining term of the AJAO loan. 

As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company had funded $41.9 million and $38.9 million, respectively, on the AJAO loan. During the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recognized $1.1 million and $0.7 million, respectively, of interest income on the AJAO loan. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recognized $3.1 million and $1.1 million, respectively, of interest income on the AJAO loan. AJAO is current on the AJAO loan.


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Management has concluded that this entity is a VIE. Because AJAO isBillings in excess of construction contract costs and estimated earnings represent billings or collections on contracts made in advance of revenue recognized.

The following table summarizes the developerchanges to the balances in the Company’s construction contract costs and estimated earnings in excess of Annapolis Junction,billings account and the billings in excess of construction contract costs and estimated earnings account for the six months ended June 30, 2018 (in thousands):

  Construction contract costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings Billings in excess of construction contract costs and estimated earnings
Balance as of January 1, 2018 $245
 $3,591
Revenue recognized that was included in the balance at the beginning of the period 
 (3,591)
Increases due to new billings, excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period 
 1,898
Transferred to receivables (245) 
Construction contract costs and estimated earnings not billed during the period 1,287
 
Changes due to cumulative catch-up adjustment arising from changes in the estimate of the stage of completion 
 (187)
Balance as of June 30, 2018 $1,287
 $1,711

The Company does not have the power to direct the activities of the project that most significantly impact its performance, nor is the Company the party most closelydefers pre-contract costs when such costs are directly associated with the project. Therefore, the Companyspecific anticipated contracts and their recovery is not the project's primary beneficiary and does not consolidate the project in its consolidated financial statements.

Decatur

On May 15, 2017, the Company invested in the developmentprobable. Pre-contract costs of a $34 million Whole Foods anchored center located in Decatur, Georgia. The Company's investment is in the form of a mezzanine loan of up to $21.8 million to the developer, North Decatur Square Holdings, LLC ("NDSH"). The mezzanine loan bears interest at an annual rate of 15%. The note matures on the earliest of (i) May 15, 2022, (ii) the maturity of the senior construction loan, (iii) the sale of NDSH or (iv) the sale of the center. NDSH is current on this loan.

As of September 30, 2017, the Company had funded $11.4 million on this loan. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recognized $0.4$0.5 million and $0.6 million respectively,were deferred as of interest income on this loan.June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
Construction receivables and payables include retentions, amounts that are generally withheld until the completion of the contract or the satisfaction of certain restrictive conditions such as fulfillment guarantees. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, construction receivables included retentions of $8.9 million and $9.9 million, respectively. The Company expects to collect substantially all construction receivables as of June 30, 2018 during the next twelve months. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, construction payables included retentions of $17.4 million and $17.4 million, respectively. The Company expects to pay substantially all construction payables as of June 30, 2018 during the next twelve months.

Subsequent to SeptemberThe Company’s net position on uncompleted construction contracts comprised the following as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (in thousands):

Delray Plaza
 June 30,
2018
 December 31,
2017
Costs incurred on uncompleted construction contracts$562,879
 $520,368
Estimated earnings19,222
 18,070
Billings(582,525) (541,784)
Net position$(424) $(3,346)

On October 27,
 June 30,
2018
 December 31,
2017
Construction contract costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings$1,287
 $245
Billings in excess of construction contract costs and estimated earnings(1,711) (3,591)
Net position$(424) $(3,346)


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The Company’s balances and changes in construction contract price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations (backlog) as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 thewere as follows (in thousands):

  Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
  2018 2017 2018 2017
Beginning backlog $30,733
 $157,722
 $49,167
 $217,718
New contracts/change orders 27,807
 15,519
 32,376
 18,960
Work performed (20,619) (56,584) (43,622) (120,021)
Ending backlog $37,921
 $116,657
 $37,921
 $116,657

The Company invested in the development ofexpects to complete a $20.0 million Whole Foods anchored center located in Delray Beach, Florida. The Company's investment is in the form of a mezzanine loan of up to $13.1 million to the developer, Delray Plaza Holdings, LLC ("DPH"). The mezzanine loan bears interest at an annual rate of 15%. The note matures on the earliest of (i) October 27, 2020, (ii) the date of any sale or refinancemajority of the development project, or (iii)uncompleted contracts as of June 30, 2018 during the disposition or change in control of the development project. The Company has funded $5.9 million of this loan.

next 12 to 18 months.
7.8. Indebtedness
 
Credit Facility
 
On February 20, 2015,October 26, 2017, the Operating Partnership as borrower, and the Company, as parent guarantor, entered into an amended and restated credit agreement (the “credit agreement”), which provides for a $200.0$300.0 million senior unsecured credit facility (the "credit facility") that includedcomprised of a $150.0 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the "revolving credit facility") and a $50.0$150.0 million senior unsecured term loan facility. During 2016,facility (the "term loan facility" and, together with the Companyrevolving credit facility, the "credit facility"), with a syndicate of banks.
The credit facility includes an accordion feature that allows the total commitments to be increased to $450.0 million, subject to certain conditions, including obtaining commitments from any one or more lenders. The revolving credit facility has a scheduled maturity date of October 26, 2021, with two six-month extension options, subject to certain conditions, including payment of a 0.075% extension fee at each extension. The term loan facility has a scheduled maturity date of October 26, 2022.
On March 28, 2018, the Operating Partnership increased the borrowing capacitymaximum commitments under the credit facility to $330.0 million using the accordion feature, with an increase of the term loan facility to $100.0$180.0 million. During the first quarter of 2017, the Company increased the borrowing capacity under the term loan facility to $125.0 million, increasing the total capacity of the credit facility to $275.0 million pursuant to the accordion feature.

Depending on the Operating Partnership’s total leverage, theThe revolving credit facility borebears interest at LIBOR (the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate) plus a margin ranging from 1.40% to 2.00% and the term loan facility borebears interest at LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 1.35% to 1.95%, in each case depending on the Company's total leverage as definedleverage. The Company is also obligated to pay an unused commitment fee of 15 or 25 basis points on the unused portions of the commitments under the revolving credit facility, depending on the amount of borrowings under the credit agreement. facility.

As of SeptemberJune 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the outstanding balance on the revolving credit facility was $83.0 million and $66.0 million, respectively, and the outstanding balance on the term loan facility was $180.0 million and $150.0 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2018, the effective interest rates on the revolving credit facility and the term loan facility were 2.78%3.84% and 2.74%3.79%, respectively. As of September 30, 2017, the revolving credit facility had a scheduled maturity date of February 20, 2019, with a one-year extension option, subject to certain conditions, and the term loan facility had a scheduled maturity date of February 20, 2020. The Operating PartnershipCompany may, at any time, voluntarily prepay any loan under the credit facility in whole or in part without premium or penalty.

As of September 30, 2017,The Operating Partnership is the outstanding balances onborrower under the revolving credit facility, and the term loan facility were $58.0 million and $125.0 million, respectively.

Subsequent to September 30, 2017

On October 26, 2017, the Company amended and restatedits obligations under the credit facility (the "amendedare guaranteed by the Company and certain of its subsidiaries that are not otherwise prohibited from providing such guaranty. The credit facility")agreement contains customary representations and warranties and financial and other affirmative and negative covenants. The Company's ability to (i) extendborrow under the maturity datecredit facility is subject to ongoing compliance with a number of financial covenants, affirmative covenants and other restrictions. The credit agreement includes customary events of default, in certain cases subject to customary cure periods. The occurrence of an event of default, if not cured within the revolvingapplicable cure period, would permit the lenders to, among other things, declare the unpaid principal, accrued and unpaid interest and all other amounts payable under the credit facility to October 2021 (with options to extend up to October 2022, subject to certain conditions)be immediately due and (ii) extend the maturity date of the term loan facility to October 2022. payable.

The borrowing capacityCompany is currently in compliance with all covenants under the term loan facility was increased to $150.0 million, increasing the total capacity of the amended credit facility to $300.0 million. The determination of interest rates charged under the amended credit facility remained unchanged.agreement.


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Subsequent to June 30, 2018

In October 2017,July 2018, the Company increased its borrowings under the revolving credit facility by $8.0 million and, in conjunction with the closing of the amended credit facility, increased its borrowings under the term loan facility by $25.0$20.0 million.

Other Financing Activity
 
On February 1, 2017,January 22, 2018, the Company extended and modified the Sandbridge Commons note. The note bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread of 1.75% and will mature on January 17, 2023.

On March 27, 2018, the Company paid off the North Point CenterColumbus Village Note 51 and Columbus Village Note 2 in full for $0.6an aggregate amount of $8.3 million.

On February 24, 2017,May 31, 2018, the Company securedmodified the Southgate Square note. The principal amount of the note was increased to $22 million, and the note now bears interest at a $29.8rate of LIBOR plus a spread of 1.60%. This note will still mature on April 29, 2021.

On June 1, 2018, the Company entered into a $16.3 million construction loan for the Harding PlaceRiver City industrial development project in Charlotte, North Carolina.Chesterfield, Virginia. The loan bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread of 1.50% and will mature on May 31, 2019.

On April 7, 2017,June 14, 2018, the Company paid offextended and modified the Harrisonburg Regal note in full for $3.2secured by 249 Central Park Retail, Fountain Plaza Retail, and South Retail. The principal amount of the note was increased to $35.0 million. The note bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread of 1.60% and will mature on August 10, 2023.

On April 19, 2017,June 29, 2018, the Company entered into a second amendment to the credit agreement for the Lightfoot Marketplace loan, which amended certain definitions and covenant requirements.

On June 29, 2017, the Company secured a $27.9$15.6 million construction loan for the Town Center Phase VI project in Virginia Beach, Virginia.

On July 13, 2017, the Company paid off the remaining balance of $4.9 million for the note secured by the Commonwealth of Virginia building in Chesapeake, Virginia in conjunction with the sale of this property.

On August 9, 2017, the Company refinanced the Hanbury Village note.Brooks Crossing office tower development project. The new note matures in August 2022 and hasloan bears interest at a fixed annual interest rate of 3.78%.

On August 10, 2017, the Company paid off $0.7 millionLIBOR plus a spread of the Sandbridge Commons note in conjunction with the sale of a land outparcel at this property.

On September1.60% and will mature on July 1, 2017, the Company entered into a modification of The Cosmopolitan note, which reduced the interest rate from 3.75% to 3.35%.2025.

During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, the Company borrowed $3.6$24.4 million under its existing construction loans to fund new development and construction.

Subsequent to SeptemberJune 30, 20172018

On October 13, 2017,July 12, 2018, the Company paid off $5.0entered into a $16.2 million construction loan for the Market at Mill Creek development project in Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina. The loan bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread of 1.55% and will mature on July 12, 2025.

On July 27, 2018, the Company extended and modified the Johns Hopkins Village note. The principal amount of the Liberty Apartments note.note was increased to $53.0 million. The note bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread of 1.25% and will mature on August 7, 2025. The Company simultaneously entered into an interest rate swap agreement that effectively fixes the interest rate at 4.19% for the term of the loan.

8.9. Derivative Financial Instruments
 
The Company may enter into interest rate derivative contracts to manage exposure to interest rate risks. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. Derivative financial instruments are recognized at fair value and presented within other assets and liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Gains and losses resulting from changes in the fair value of derivatives that are neither designated nor qualify as hedging instruments are recognized within the change in fair value of interest rate derivatives in the condensed consolidated statements of income. For derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss is reported as a component of other comprehensive loss and reclassified into earnings in the periods during which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.

On February 1, 2017, the North Point Center Note 5 was paid in full, which terminated the interest rate swap agreement associated with the note. The loss on the interest rate swap agreement was not significant.

On FebruaryMarch 7, 2017, the Operating Partnership entered into a LIBOR interest rate cap agreement on a notional amount of
$50.0 million at a strike rate of 1.50% for a premium of less than $0.2 million. The interest rate cap agreement expires on March 1, 2019.

On June 23, 2017,2018, the Operating Partnership entered into a LIBOR interest rate cap agreement on a notional amount of $50.0 million at a strike rate of 1.50%2.25% for a premium of less than $0.2$0.3 million. The interest rate cap agreement expires on JulyApril 1, 2019.2020.

On April 23, 2018, the Operating Partnership entered into a floating-to-fixed interest rate swap attributable to one-month LIBOR indexed interest payments with a notional amount of $50.0 million. The interest rate swap has a fixed rate of 2.783%, an effective date of May 1, 2018, and a maturity date of May 1, 2023.

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The Company’s derivatives were comprised of the following as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (in thousands): 
  June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
  (Unaudited)      
  
Notional
Amount
 Fair Value 
Notional
Amount
 Fair Value
    Asset Liability   Asset Liability
Interest rate swaps $100,000
 $431
 $(136) $56,079
 $10
 $(69)
Interest rate caps 250,000
 2,429
 
 345,000
 1,515
 
Total $350,000
 $2,860
 $(136) $401,079
 $1,525
 $(69)

The changes in the fair value of the Company’s derivatives during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 were comprised of the following (in thousands): 
  Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
  2018 2017 2018 2017
Interest rate swaps $5
 $7
 $353
 $268
Interest rate caps (16) (88) 605
 (55)
Total change in fair value of interest rate derivatives $(11) $(81) $958
 $213

The Company has not designated any of its derivatives as hedging instruments under GAAP as of June 30, 2018.

Subsequent to June 30, 2018

On September 18, 2017,July 16, 2018, the Operating Partnership entered into a LIBOR interest rate cap agreement on a notional amount of $50.0 million at a strike rate of 1.50%2.50% for a premium of less than $0.2$0.3 million. The interest rate cap agreement expires on OctoberAugust 1, 2019.
The Company’s derivatives were comprised of the following as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands): 
  September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
  (Unaudited)      
  
Notional
Amount
 Fair Value 
Notional
Amount
 Fair Value
    Asset Liability   Asset Liability
Interest rate swaps $56,124
 $10
 $(447) $56,901
 $
 $(829)
Interest rate caps 370,000
 707
 
 270,000
 259
 
Total $426,124
 $717
 $(447) $326,901
 $259
 $(829)
2020.

The changes inOn July 27, 2018, the fair valueCompany entered into an interest rate swap agreement that effectively fixes the interest rate of the Company’s derivatives during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were comprised of the following (in thousands): 
  Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
  2017 2016 2017 2016
  (Unaudited)
Interest rate swaps $124
 $481
 $392
 $(2,007)
Interest rate caps (37) 17
 (92) (257)
Total change in fair value of interest rate derivatives $87
 $498
 $300
 $(2,264)
new Johns Hopkins Village note payable at 4.19%.

9.10. Equity
 
Stockholders’ Equity
 
On May 4, 2016,February 26, 2018, the Company commenced an at-the-market continuous equity offering program (the “ATM Program”) through which the Company could,may, from time to time, issue and sell shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $75.0$125.0 million. During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, the Company issued and sold an aggregate of 450,6903,542,178 shares of common stock at a weighted average price of $14.08$14.07 per share under the ATM Program, receiving net proceeds, after offering costs and commissions, of $6.2 million.

On May 12, 2017, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 6.9 million shares of common stock at a public offering price of $13.00 per share, which resulted in net proceeds after offering costs and commissions of $85.3$49.1 million.

As of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, the Company’s authorized capital was 500 million shares of common stock and 100 million shares of preferred stock. The Company had 44,936,65248,768,363 and 37,490,36144,937,763 shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, respectively. No shares of preferred stock were issued and outstanding as of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 or December 31, 2016.

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests

The noncontrolling interest holder of Johns Hopkins Village has the option to redeem the 20% noncontrolling interest in that entity (the "Put Option"). Currently, the Put Option may be redeemed for $2.0 million in cash or the equivalent amount in Class A units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership ("Class A Units"), which is in the holder's control. Beginning in August 2018, the Put Option may be settled for the fair value of the 20% noncontrolling interest in Johns Hopkins Village, as determined by appraised value. Because the method of the Put Option's redemption is outside of the Company's control, it has been included in temporary equity. If the Put Option is exercised for redemption in the form of Class A Units, the noncontrolling interest will be reclassified into permanent equity.2017.
 

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Noncontrolling Interests
 
As of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, the Company held a 71.6%73.8% and 68.1%72.0% interest, respectively, in the Operating Partnership. The Company is the primary beneficiary of the Operating Partnership as it has the power to direct the activities of the Operating Partnership and the rights to absorb 71.6%73.8% of the net income of the Operating Partnership. As the primary beneficiary, the Company consolidates the financial position and results of operations of the Operating Partnership. Noncontrolling interests in the Company represent units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership not held by the Company. As of June 30, 2018, there were 17,290,403 Class A Units not held by the Company. The Company's financial position and results of operations are the same as those of the Operating Partnership. The noncontrolling interest for the consolidated entities under development or construction (see Note 1) was zero as of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016.2017.
 
As
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Table of September 30, 2017, there were 17,570,512Contents

On January 2, 2018, due to the holders of Class A Units not heldtendering an aggregate of 163,000 Class A Units for redemption by the Company.Operating Partnership, the Company elected to satisfy the redemption request through the issuance of an equal number of shares of common stock.

As partial consideration for the acquisition of Columbus Village, the Operating Partnership issued 1,000,000 class B units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership ("Class B UnitsUnits") on July 10, 2015 and issued 275,000 class C units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership ("Class C UnitsUnits") on January 10, 2017. The Class B Units were automatically converted to Class A Units on July 10, 2017. Subject to the occurrence of certain events, theThe Class C Units will not earn or accrue distributions until January 10, 2018, at which time theywere automatically will convertconverted into Class A Units.Units on January 10, 2018.

On January 10, 2017,As partial consideration for the acquisition of Parkway Centre, the Operating Partnership issued 68,691117,228 Class A Units on January 29, 2018.

On April 2, 2018, due to the holders of Class A Units tendering an aggregate of 187,142 Class A Units for redemption by the Operating Partnership, the Company elected to satisfy the redemption request with an aggregate cash payment of $2.5 million.

On April 17, 2018, the Operating Partnership issued 36,684 Class A Units to acquire the remaining 20%former noncontrolling interest holder of John Hopkins Village due to the satisfaction of a contingent event that was part of the redemption of its redeemable noncontrolling interest in the Town Center Phase VI project.Johns Hopkins Village in December 2017.

Common Stock Dividends and Class A Unit Distributions
 
On January 5, 2017,4, 2018, the Company paid cash dividends of $6.7 million to common stockholders and the Operating Partnership paid cash distributions of $3.0 million to holders of Class A Units.

On April 6, 2017, the Company paid cash dividends of $7.2 million to common stockholders and the Operating Partnership paid cash distributions of $3.2 million to holders of Class A Units.

On July 6, 2017, the Company paid dividends of $8.6 million to common stockholders and the Operating Partnership paid cash distributions of $3.1 million to holders of Class A Units.

On August 4, 2017, the Board of Directors declared a cash dividend and distribution of $0.19 per share and unit payable on October 5, 2017 to stockholders and unitholders of record on September 27, 2017.

Subsequent to September 30, 2017

On October 2, 2017, due to the request of holders of Class A Units to tender an aggregate of 358,879 units for redemption by the Operating Partnership, the Company elected to satisfy the redemption requests with an aggregate cash payment of $4.9 million.

On October 5, 2017, the Company paid dividends of $8.5 million to common stockholders and the Operating Partnership paid cash distributions of $3.3 million to holders of Class A Units.

On April 5, 2018, the Company paid cash dividends of $9.0 million to common stockholders and the Operating Partnership paid cash distributions of $3.5 million to holders of Class A Units.

On May 3, 2018, the Board of Directors declared a cash dividend and distribution of $0.20 per share and Class A Unit payable on July 5, 2018 to stockholders and unitholders of record on June 27, 2018.

Subsequent to June 30, 2018

On July 2, 2018, due to the holders of Class A Units tendering an aggregate of 123,504 Class A Units for redemption by the Operating Partnership, the Company elected to satisfy the redemption requests through the issuance of an equal number of shares of common stock.

On July 5, 2018, the Company paid cash dividends of $9.7 million to common stockholders and the Operating Partnership paid cash distributions of $3.5 million to holders of Class A Units.

10.11. Stock-Based Compensation
 
On June 14, 2017, the Company's stockholders approved the Company's Amended and Restated 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the "Amended Plan"), which, among other things, increased the number of shares of the Company's common stock reserved for issuance under the Amended Plan by 1,000,000 shares, from 700,000 shares to 1,700,000 shares. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, there were 1,084,9421,029,659 shares available for issuance under the Amended Plan.

During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, the Company granted an aggregate of 117,201151,844 shares of restricted stock to employees and non-employee directors with a weighted average grant date fair value of $14.03$13.53 per share. Employee restricted stock awards generally vest over a period of two years: one-third immediately on the grant date and the remaining two-thirds in equal amounts on the first two anniversaries following the grant date, subject to continued service to the Company. Non-employee director restricted stock awards vest either immediately upon grant or over a period of one year, subject to continued service to the Company.
 

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During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, the Company issued performance-based awards in the form of restricted stock units to certain employees. The performance period for these awards is three years, with a required two-year service period immediately following the expiration of the performance period.period in order to fully vest. The compensation expense and the effect on the Company’s weighted average diluted shares calculation were immaterial.

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During the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, the Company recognized $0.3$0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense. During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, the Company recognized $1.4$1.2 million and $1.2$1.1 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, there were 112,838138,971 nonvested restricted shares outstanding; the total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested restricted shares was $0.8$1.3 million, which the Company expects to recognize over the next 2321 months.
 
11.12. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
Fair value measurements are based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. The hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value is as follows: 
Level 1—quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities 
Level 2—observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities 
Level 3—unobservable inputs 
Except as disclosed below, the carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments approximate their fair value.values. Financial assets and liabilities whose fair values are measured on a recurring basis using Level 2 inputs consist of interest rate swaps and caps. The Company measures the fair values of these assets and liabilities based on prices provided by independent market participants that are based on observable inputs using market-based valuation techniques.
 
In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. For disclosure purposes, the level within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The fair value of the Company’s long term debt is sensitive to fluctuations in interest rates. Discounted cash flow analysis based on Level 2 inputs is generally used to estimate the fair value of the Company’s long term debt. Considerable judgment is used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments. The estimates of fair value presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized upon disposition of the financial instruments.

The carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments, all of which are based on Level 2 inputs, as of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, were as follows (in thousands): 
 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
 (Unaudited)  
  
 (Unaudited)    
Indebtedness $488,609
 $491,026
 $522,180
 $527,414
 $580,446
 $576,270
 $517,272
 $518,417
Interest rate swap liabilities 447
 447
 829
 829
 136
 136
 69
 69
Interest rate swap assets 10
 10
 
 
Interest rate cap assets 707
 707
 259
 259
Interest rate swap and cap assets 2,860
 2,860
 1,525
 1,525
 
12.13. Related Party Transactions
 
The Company provides general contracting and real estate services to certain related party entities that are not included in these condensed consolidated financial statements. Revenue from construction contracts with related partythese entities of the Company for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018 and 2017 and 2016 was less than $0.1$0.3 million and $6.8$0.8 million, respectively, and gross profit from such contracts for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018 and 2017 and 2016 was less than $0.1 million and $0.3$0.1 million, respectively. Revenue from construction contracts with related party entities of the Company for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018 and 2017 and 2016 was $7.4$1.5 million and $21.7$7.3 million, respectively, and gross profit from such contracts for the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018 and 2017 was $0.3 million and 2016 was $0.4 million, and $0.8 million, respectively.


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Real estate services fees from affiliated entities of the Company were not significant for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 or 2016.2017. In addition, affiliated entities also reimburse the Company for monthly maintenance and facilities management services provided to the properties. Cost reimbursements earned by the Company from affiliated entities were not significant for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016.2017. 
 
The Operating Partnership entered into tax protection agreements that indemnify certain directors and executive officers of the Company from their tax liabilities resulting from the potential future sale of certain of the Company’s properties within seven (or, in a limited number of cases, ten) years of the completion of the Company’s initial public offering and formation transactions completed on May 13, 2013. In addition, the tax protection agreements provide that the Operating Partnership will offer certain of the original contributors, including certain of the Company’s directors and executive officers, the opportunity to guarantee debt, or, alternatively, to enter into a deficit restoration obligation, for ten years from the closing of the Company’s initial public offering in a manner intended to provide an allocation of Operating Partnership liabilities to the partner for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Pursuant to these tax protection agreements, certain of the Company’s executive officers have guaranteed approximately $0.3 million of the Operating Partnership’s outstanding debt as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017.2018.

The loan for the City Center joint venture is underwritten by a syndicate which includes Park Sterling Bank. The Chief Executive Officer of Park Sterling Bank is the Chairman of the Company’s Audit Committee.
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14. Commitments and Contingencies
 
Legal Proceedings
 
The Company is from time to time involved in various disputes, lawsuits, warranty claims, environmental and other matters arising in the ordinary course of business. Management makes assumptions and estimates concerning the likelihood and amount of any potential loss relating to these matters.
 
The Company currently is a party to various legal proceedings. Management accrues a liability for litigation if an unfavorable outcome is determined to be probable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. If an unfavorable outcome is determined to be probable and a range of loss can be reasonably estimated, management accrues the best estimate within the range; however, if no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other, the minimum amount within the range is accrued. Legal fees related to litigation are expensed as incurred. Management does not believe that the ultimate outcome of these matters, either individually or in the aggregate, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations; however, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties.
 
Under the Company’s leases, tenants are typically obligated to indemnify the Company from and against all liabilities, costs and expenses imposed upon or asserted against it as owner of the properties due to certain matters relating to the operation of the properties by the tenant.
 
Commitments
 
The Company has a bonding line of credit for its general contracting construction business and is contingently liable under performance and payment bonds, bonds for cancellation of mechanics liens and defect bonds. Such bonds collectively totaled $44.9$43.5 million and $40.5$44.9 million as of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, respectively.
 
The Operating Partnership has entered into standby letters of credit using the available capacity under the senior unsecured credit facility. Letters of credit generally are available for draw down in the event the Company does not perform. As of Septemberboth June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, the Operating Partnership had total outstanding letters of credit of $4.1 million and $4.1 million, respectively.$2.1 million. The amounts outstanding at SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016 include $2.0 million relating to construction projects and2017 were comprised of a $2.1 million letter of credit related to the guarantee on the 1405 Point Street Apartments senior construction loan.

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Review Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Armada Hoffler Properties, Inc.
We have reviewed the condensed consolidated balance sheet of Armada Hoffler Properties, Inc. as of September 30, 2017, and the related condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 and the condensed consolidated statement of equity for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2017. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management.
We conducted our review in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
Based on our review, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the condensed consolidated financial statements referred to above for them to be in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheet of Armada Hoffler Properties, Inc. as of December 31, 2016, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein) and we expressed an unqualified audit opinion on those consolidated financial statements in our report dated March 1, 2017. In our opinion, the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Tysons, Virginia
November 1, 2017

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Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
References to “we,” “our,” “us,” and “our company” refer to Armada Hoffler Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation, together with our consolidated subsidiaries, including Armada Hoffler, L.P., a Virginia limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), of which we are the sole general partner. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this report.
 
Forward-Looking Statements
 
This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. We caution investors that any forward-looking statements presented in this report, or which management may make orally or in writing from time to time, are based on beliefs and assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. When used, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “estimate,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “result” and similar expressions, which do not relate solely to historical matters, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions and are not guarantees of future performance, which may be affected by known and unknown risks, trends, uncertainties and factors that are beyond our control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated or projected. We caution you that while forward-looking statements reflect our good faith beliefs when we make them, they are not guarantees of future performance and are impacted by actual events when they occur after we make such statements. We expressly disclaim any responsibility to update forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. Accordingly, investors should use caution in relying on past forward-looking statements, which are based on results and trends at the time they are made, to anticipate future results or trends.
 
Forward-looking statements involve numerous risks and uncertainties and you should not rely on them as predictions of future events. Forward-looking statements depend on assumptions, data or methods which may be incorrect or imprecise, and we may not be able to realize them. We do not guarantee that the transactions and events described will happen as described (or that they will happen at all). The following factors, among others, could cause actual results and future events to differ materially from those set forth or contemplated in the forward-looking statements:
 
adverse economic or real estate developments, either nationally or in the markets in which our properties are located; 
our failure to develop the properties in our development pipeline successfully, on the anticipated timeline, or at the anticipated costs; 
our failure to generate sufficient cash flows to service our outstanding indebtedness; 
defaults on, early terminations of, or non-renewal of leases by tenants, including significant tenants; 
bankruptcy or insolvency of a significant tenant or a substantial number of smaller tenants; 
difficulties in identifying or completing development, acquisition, or disposition opportunities; 
our failure to successfully operate developed and acquired properties; 
our failure to generate income in our general contracting and real estate services segment in amounts that we anticipate; 
fluctuations in interest rates and increased operating costs;
our failure to obtain necessary outside financing on favorable terms or at all; 
our inability to extend the maturity of or refinance existing debt or comply with the financial covenants in the agreements that govern our existing debt; 
financial market fluctuations; 
risks that affect the general retail environment or the market for office properties or multifamily units; 
the competitive environment in which we operate; 
decreased rental rates or increased vacancy rates; 
conflicts of interests with our officers and directors; 
lack or insufficient amounts of insurance; 

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environmental uncertainties and risks related to adverse weather conditions and natural disasters; 
other factors affecting the real estate industry generally; 
our failure to maintain our qualification as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes; 
limitations imposed on our business and our ability to satisfy complex rules in order for us to maintain our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes; and 
changes in governmental regulations or interpretations thereof, such as real estate and zoning laws and increases in real property tax rates and taxation of REITs.REITs; and
potential negative impacts from the recent changes to the U.S. tax laws.
 
While forward-looking statements reflect our good faith beliefs, they are not guarantees of future performance. We disclaim any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, of new information, data or methods, future events, or other changes after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, except as required by applicable law. We caution investors not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements and urge investors to carefully review the disclosures we make concerning risks and uncertainties in the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as risks, uncertainties and other factors discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and identified in other documents that we file from time to time with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
 
Business Description
 
We are a full-service real estate company with extensive experience developing, building, owning and managing high-quality, institutional-grade office, retail and multifamily properties in attractive markets primarily throughout the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern United States. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, our operating property portfolio consisted of the following properties:
Property    Segment    Location Ownership Interest
4525 Main Street Office Virginia Beach, Virginia* 100%
Armada Hoffler Tower Office Virginia Beach, Virginia* 100%
One Columbus Office Virginia Beach, Virginia* 100%
Two Columbus Office Virginia Beach, Virginia* 100%
249 Central Park Retail Retail Virginia Beach, Virginia* 100%
Alexander Pointe Retail Salisbury, North Carolina 100%
Bermuda Crossroads Retail Chester, Virginia 100%
Broad Creek Shopping Center Retail Norfolk, Virginia 100%
Broadmoor Plaza Retail South Bend, Indiana 100%
Brooks Crossing(1)
 Retail Newport News, Virginia 65%
Columbus Village Retail Virginia Beach, Virginia* 100%
Columbus Village II Retail Virginia Beach, Virginia* 100%
Commerce Street Retail Retail Virginia Beach, Virginia* 100%
Courthouse 7-Eleven Retail Virginia Beach, Virginia 100%
Dick's at Town Center Retail Virginia Beach, Virginia* 100%
Dimmock Square Retail Colonial Heights, Virginia 100%
Fountain Plaza Retail Retail Virginia Beach, Virginia* 100%
Gainsborough Square Retail Chesapeake, Virginia 100%
Greentree Shopping Center Retail Chesapeake, Virginia 100%
Hanbury Village Retail Chesapeake, Virginia 100%
Harper Hill Commons Retail Winston-Salem, North Carolina 100%
Harrisonburg Regal Retail Harrisonburg, Virginia 100%
Lightfoot Marketplace(2)
Indian Lakes Crossing
 Retail Williamsburg,Virginia Beach, Virginia 70100%

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Property    Segment    Location Ownership Interest
Lightfoot Marketplace(2)
RetailWilliamsburg, Virginia70%
North Hampton Market Retail Taylors, South Carolina 100%
North Point Center Retail Durham, North Carolina 100%
Oakland Marketplace Retail Oakland, Tennessee100%
Parkway CentreRetailMoultrie, Georgia 100%
Parkway Marketplace Retail Virginia Beach, Virginia 100%
Patterson Place Retail Durham, North Carolina 100%
Perry Hall Marketplace Retail Perry Hall, Maryland 100%
Providence Plaza Retail Charlotte, North Carolina 100%
Renaissance Square Retail Davidson, North Carolina 100%
Sandbridge Commons Retail Virginia Beach, Virginia 100%
Socastee Commons Retail Myrtle Beach, South Carolina 100%
Southgate Square Retail Colonial Heights, Virginia 100%
Southshore Shops Retail Chesterfield, Virginia 100%
South Retail Retail Virginia Beach, Virginia* 100%
South Square Retail Durham, North Carolina 100%
Stone House Square Retail Hagerstown, Maryland 100%
Studio 56 Retail Retail Virginia Beach, Virginia* 100%
Tyre Neck Harris Teeter Retail Portsmouth, Virginia 100%
Waynesboro Commons Retail Waynesboro, Virginia 100%
Wendover Village Retail Greensboro, North Carolina 100%
Encore Apartments Multifamily Virginia Beach, Virginia* 100%
Johns Hopkins Village(3)
 Multifamily Baltimore, Maryland 80100%
Liberty Apartments Multifamily Newport News, Virginia 100%
Smith's Landing Multifamily Blacksburg, Virginia 100%
The Cosmopolitan Multifamily Virginia Beach, Virginia* 100%
       
(1)We are entitled to a preferred return of 8% on our investment in Brooks Crossing.
(2)We are entitled to a preferred return of 9% on our investment in Lightfoot Marketplace.
(3)See discussion of redeemable noncontrolling interest in Note 9 for additional information. We are entitled to a preferred return of 9% on our investment in Johns Hopkins Village.
*Located in the Town Center of Virginia Beach

As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, the following properties that we consolidate for financial reporting purposes were either under development or construction: 
Property    Segment    LocationOwnership Interest
TownPremier (Town Center Phase VIVI) Mixed-use Virginia Beach, Virginia*100%
Harding PlaceGreenside (Harding Place)(1)
 Multifamily Charlotte, North Carolina80%
595 King StreetHoffler Place (King Street) Multifamily Charleston, South Carolina92.5%
530 Meeting StreetSummit Place (Meeting Street) Multifamily Charleston, South Carolina90%
Brooks Crossing office tower (2)
 OfficeNewport News, Virginia65%
Lightfoot Outparcel (3)
RetailWilliamsburg, Virginia70%
Market at Mill Creek (4)
RetailMount Pleasant, South Carolina70%
River CityIndustrialChesterfield, Virginia100%
       
(1) We are entitled to a preferred return of 9% on a portion of our investment in Harding Place.
(2) We are entitled to a preferred return of 8% on our investment in Brooks Crossing.
(3) We are entitled to a preferred return of 9% on our investment in Lightfoot Outparcel.
(4) We are entitled to a preferred return of 10% on our investment in Market at Mill Creek.
*Located in the Town Center of Virginia Beach

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Please see Note 5 to our condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information related to our investment in Durham City Center II, LLC, which is an unconsolidated subsidiary that we account for under the equity method of accounting.

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On July 2, 2018, we entered into a ground lease for a land parcel at Wills Wharf, located at the Harbor Point area in Baltimore, Maryland. We plan to develop a mixed-use building on the site.

Acquisitions and Dispositions

On January 4, 2017,9, 2018, we acquired undeveloped landIndian Lakes Crossing, a Harris Teeter-anchored shopping center in Charleston, South CarolinaVirginia Beach, Virginia, for a contract price of $7.1$14.7 million plus capitalized acquisition costs of $0.2 million. We intend to use the land for the future development of the 595 King Street property.

On January 20, 2017,29, 2018, we completedacquired Parkway Centre, a newly developed Publix-anchored shopping center in Moultrie, Georgia for total consideration of $11.3 million ($9.6 million in cash and $1.7 million in the saleform of the Wawa outparcel at Greentree Shopping Center. Net proceeds after transactionclass A units of limited partnership interest in our Operating Partnership ("Class A Units") plus capitalized acquisition costs were $4.4 million. The gain on the disposition was $3.4of $0.3 million.

On July 11,November 30, 2017, we entered into a lease agreement with Bottling Group, LLC for a new distribution facility that we will develop and construct for expected delivery in the fourth quarter of 2018. On January 29, 2018, we acquired undeveloped land in Charleston, South CarolinaChesterfield, Virginia, a portion of which will serve as the site for this facility, for a contract price of $6.7 million plus capitalized acquisition costs of $0.1 million. We intend to use the land for the future development of the 530 Meeting Street property.

On July 13, 2017, we completed the sale of two office properties leased by the Commonwealth of Virginia in Chesapeake, Virginia and Virginia Beach, Virginia. Aggregate net proceeds from the dispositions of the properties after transaction costs and repayment of the loan associated with the Chesapeake, Virginia property were $7.9 million, and the aggregate gain on the dispositions was $4.2 million.

On July 25, 2017, we acquired the outparcel phase of Wendover Village in Greensboro, North Carolina for a contract price of $14.3$2.4 million plus capitalized acquisition costs of $0.1 million.

On August 10, 2017,January 18, 2018, we entered into an operating agreement with a partner to develop a Lowes Foods-anchored shopping center in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina. The partnership, Market at Mill Creek Partners, LLC acquired undeveloped land on February 16, 2018 for a contract price of $2.9 million plus capitalized acquisition costs of $0.1 million.

On April 2, 2018, we acquired undeveloped land in Newport News, Virginia for less than $0.1 million. This land parcel is being used in the development of the Brooks Crossing office tower.

Dispositions

On May 24, 2018, we completed the sale of a landthe Wawa outparcel at Sandbridge Commons. Net proceeds after transaction costs andIndian Lakes Crossing for a partial loan paydown were $0.3contract price of $4.4 million. TheThere was no gain or loss on the disposition was $0.5 million.sale of the parcel.

ThirdSecond Quarter 20172018 Highlights
 
The following highlights our results of operations and significant transactions for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017:2018:
 
Net income of $10.5$5.9 million, or $0.17$0.09 per diluted share, compared to $7.9$4.9 million, or $0.15$0.08 per diluted share, for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017. 
Funds from operations ("FFO") of $15.5$15.1 million, or $0.25$0.24 per diluted share, compared to $13.1$14.2 million, or $0.25$0.24 per diluted share, for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.” 
Normalized funds from operations (“Normalized FFO”) of $15.5$15.2 million, or $0.25$0.24 per diluted share, compared to $13.2$14.7 million, or $0.26$0.25 per diluted share, for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016.2017. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
Core operating property portfolio occupancy at 94.7% asIn July 2018, we entered into a contract to sell the build-to-suit distribution center in Chesterfield, Virginia for a sales price of September 30, 2017 compared$25.9 million, which is expected to 94.2% as of June 30, 2017.close in the fourth quarter.
Property segment net operating income (“NOI”)In July 2018, we entered into an agreement regarding the sale of $17.6 million comparedour at-cost purchase option to $17.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016: 
Office NOIdeveloper of $2.8 million comparedThe Residences at Annapolis Junction. Combined with the anticipated repayment of its related mezzanine loan during the third quarter, we expect to $3.2 million 
Retail NOIreceive aggregate proceeds from these transactions in excess of $11.6 million compared to $10.7 million
Multifamily NOI of $3.1 million compared to $3.1 million 
Same store NOI of $13.8 million compared to $14.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016: 
Office same store NOI of $1.9 million compared to $2.2 million
Retail same store NOI of $9.4 million compared to $9.6 million 
Multifamily same store NOI of $2.4 million compared to $2.7 million 
General contracting and real estate services segment gross profit of $1.8 million compared to $1.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. $50 million.
Third party construction backlogIn July 2018, we announced a new development project at Wills Wharf, a site in the Harbor Point area of $76.7 million asBaltimore, Maryland. We plan to develop a 325,000 square foot mixed-use building with an estimated development cost of September 30, 2017. $117 million.
Declared cash dividendsIn July 2018, we announced a new development project, the Interlock, located in West Midtown Atlanta. This public-private partnership with Georgia Tech is expected to contain 290,000 square feet of $0.19 per shareoffice and Class A unit.retail space. Our investment will be in the form of a mezzanine loan, and we will serve as the general contractor of the project.

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During the quarter ended June 30, 2018, we raised approximately $50 million of gross proceeds through our at-the-market equity offering program at an average price of $14.07 per share.
During the quarter ended June 30, 2018, we leased 150,000 square feet, including a 10-year lease with Shake Shack, leading the way to the re-development of the Columbus Village shopping center in the Town Center of Virginia Beach.
We sold the Wawa parcel at Indian Lakes Crossing for a contract price of $4.4 million.
Segment Results of Operations
 
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, we operated our business in four segments: (i) office real estate, (ii) retail real estate, (iii) multifamily residential real estate and (iv) general contracting and real estate services, which are conducted through our taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRS”). Net operating income (segment revenues minus segment expenses), or “NOI”, ("NOI") is the measure used by management to assess segment performance and allocate our resources among our segments. NOI is not a measure of operating income or cash flows from operating activities as measured by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and is not indicative of cash available to fund cash needs. As a result, NOI should not be considered an alternative to cash flows as a measure of liquidity. Not all companies calculate NOI in the same manner. We consider NOI to be an appropriate supplemental measure to net income because it assists both investors and management in understanding the core operations of our real estate and construction businesses. See Note 3 to our condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a reconciliation of NOI to net income.
 
We define same store properties as those properties that we owned and operated and that were stabilized for the entirety of both periods presented. Same store properties exclude those that were in lease-up during either of the periods presented. We generally consider a property to be in lease-up untilstabilized upon the earlier of: (i) the quarter after the property reaches 80% occupancy or (ii) the thirteenth quarter after the property receives its certificate of occupancy. Additionally, any property that is fully or partially taken out of service for the purpose of redevelopment is no longer considered stabilized until the redevelopment activities are complete and the asset is placed back into service.

Beginning with the three months ended March 31, 2017, our calculation of core occupancy included, and in future periods will include, the square footage from ground leases where we are the lessor.  We did not retrospectively apply this new calculation methodology to prior periods. If we were to exclude these ground leases in the calculation of core occupancy, our core occupancy as of September 30, 2017 would have been 94.3%.
Office Segment Data 
 Three Months Ended September 30,   Nine Months Ended September 30,   Three Months Ended June 30,   Six Months Ended June 30,  
 2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
 (unaudited, $ in thousands) (unaudited, $ in thousands)
Rental revenues $4,762
 $5,277
 $(515) $14,427
 $16,097
 $(1,670) $5,288
 $4,759
 $529
 $10,388
 $9,665
 $723
Property expenses 1,928
 2,038
 (110) 5,519
 5,857
 (338) 1,932
 1,816
 116
 3,880
 3,592
 288
Segment NOI $2,834
 $3,239
 $(405) $8,908
 $10,240
 $(1,332) $3,356
 $2,943
 $413
 $6,508
 $6,073
 $435
 
Office segment NOI for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017 decreased $0.4 million2018 increased 14.0% and $1.3 million,7.2%, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2016.2017. The decreases are dueincreases relate primarily to decreased occupancya new tenant at Armada Hoffler Tower and property dispositions.4525 Main Street that moved in during December 2017. The Richmond Tower office building, whichincrease was sold inpartially offset by the first quarterdisposition of 2016, and the Oyster Point office building, which was sold in the third quarter of 2016, contributed $0.2 million and $0.9 million, respectively, in office segment NOI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016. The Commonwealth of Virginia-Chesapeake and Commonwealth of Virginia-Virginia Beach office buildings, which contributed an aggregate of $0.2 million and $0.8$0.5 million in office segment NOI for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016, respectively, were sold in the third quarter of 2017.2017, respectively.

Office Same Store Results
 
Office same store results for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 exclude new real estate development – 4525 Main Street as well as the Richmond Tower and Oyster Point office buildings, which we sold in the first quarter of 2016 and the third quarter of 2016, respectively, and the Commonwealth of Virginia-Chesapeake and Commonwealth of Virginia-Virginia Beach office buildings, which were both sold in the third quarter of 2017.
 

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Office same store rental revenues, property expenses and NOI for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 20162017 were as follows: 
 Three Months Ended September 30,   Nine Months Ended September 30,   Three Months Ended June 30,   Six Months Ended June 30,  
 2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
 (unaudited, $ in thousands) (unaudited, $ in thousands)
Rental revenues $3,378
 $3,595
 $(217) $10,258
 $10,805
 $(547) $3,650
 $3,367
 $283
 $7,103
 $6,880
 $223
Property expenses 1,451
 1,407
 44
 4,085
 3,986
 99
 1,346
 1,283
 63
 2,691
 2,514
 177
Same Store NOI $1,927
 $2,188
 $(261) $6,173
 $6,819
 $(646) $2,304
 $2,084
 $220
 $4,412
 $4,366
 $46
Non-Same Store NOI 907
 1,051
 (144) 2,735
 3,421
 (686) 1,052
 859
 193
 2,096
 1,707
 389
Segment NOI $2,834
 $3,239
 $(405) $8,908
 $10,240
 $(1,332) $3,356
 $2,943
 $413
 $6,508
 $6,073
 $435
 
Office same store NOI for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017 decreased 11.9%2018 increased 10.6% and 9.5%1.1%, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2016 due2017. The increases relate primarily to the expansionnew tenants and relocation of a tenant from One Columbus to 4525 Main Street during the three months ended December 31, 2016 and the expansion and relocation of another tenant from Two Columbus to 4525 Main Street during the three months ended September 30, 2017. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the NOI from these tenants that relocated to 4525 Main Street are included in Non-Same Store NOI. In addition, decreased occupancyrenewals at the Armada Hoffler Tower contributed to the period-over-period decreases in office same store NOI.and One Columbus.

Retail Segment Data

 Three Months Ended September 30,   Nine Months Ended September 30,   Three Months Ended June 30,   Six Months Ended June 30,  
 2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
 (unaudited, $ in thousands) (unaudited, $ in thousands)
Rental revenues $15,880
 $14,340
 $1,540
 $47,089
 $41,485
 $5,604
 $16,608
 $15,578
 $1,030
 $33,319
 $31,209
 $2,110
Property expenses 4,287
 3,603
 684
 12,255
 10,773
 1,482
 4,219
 3,999
 220
 8,559
 7,968
 591
Segment NOI $11,593
 $10,737
 $856
 $34,834
 $30,712
 $4,122
 $12,389
 $11,579
 $810
 $24,760
 $23,241
 $1,519
 
Retail segment NOI for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 increased $0.9 million7.0% and $4.1 million,6.5%, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2016.2017. The increases arewere a result of the acquisitions of Southgate Square, Southshore Shops, Columbus Village II, Renaissance Square,Indian Lakes Crossing and Parkway Centre during the three months ended March 31, 2018, as well as the acquisition of the outparcel phase of Wendover Village and the 11-property retail portfolio, together with the completion of the Lightfoot Marketplace and Brooks Crossing developments.development subsequent to June 30, 2017.
  
Retail Same Store Results
 
Retail same store results for the three and six months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 exclude the remaining nine properties of the 11-property retail portfolio, as well as Southgate Square, Lightfoot Marketplace, Southshore Shops, Brooks Crossing, Columbus Village II, Renaissance Square, and the outparcel phase of Wendover Village.Village, Indian Lakes Crossing, and Parkway Centre.

Retail same store rental revenues, property expenses and NOI for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 20162017 were as follows:
 Three Months Ended September 30,   Nine Months Ended September 30,   Three Months Ended June 30,   Six Months Ended June 30,  
 2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
 (unaudited, $ in thousands) (unaudited, $ in thousands)
Rental revenues $13,166
 $12,989
 $177
 $28,297
 $27,846
 $451
 $15,295
 $15,199
 $96
 $30,717
 $30,421
 $296
Property expenses 3,721
 3,359
 362
 8,107
 7,717
 390
 3,650
 3,621
 29
 7,457
 7,200
 257
Same Store NOI $9,445
 $9,630
 $(185) $20,190
 $20,129
 $61
 $11,645
 $11,578
 $67
 $23,260
 $23,221
 $39
Non-Same Store NOI 2,148
 1,107
 1,041
 14,644
 10,583
 4,061
 744
 1
 743
 1,500
 20
 1,480
Segment NOI $11,593
 $10,737
 $856
 $34,834
 $30,712
 $4,122
 $12,389
 $11,579
 $810
 $24,760
 $23,241
 $1,519
 
Retail same store NOI was largely consistent for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the corresponding periods in 2017.


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Retail same storeMultifamily Segment Data
  Three Months Ended June 30,   Six Months Ended June 30,  
  2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
  (unaudited, $ in thousands)
Rental revenues $6,702
 $6,418
 $284
 $13,590
 $13,113
 $477
Property expenses 3,106
 2,951
 155
 6,055
 5,783
 272
Segment NOI $3,596
 $3,467
 $129
 $7,535
 $7,330
 $205
Multifamily segment NOI decreased 1.9% and increased 0.3%, respectively,slightly for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 compared to the corresponding periods in 2016.2017. The decrease for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was the result of higher administrative expense, maintenance and repair expense, and bad debt expense. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was the result of higher occupancy across the same store portfolio.

Multifamily Segment Data
  Three Months Ended September 30,   Nine Months Ended September 30,  
  2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change
  (unaudited, $ in thousands)
Rental revenues $6,454
 $5,688
 $766
 $19,567
 $15,257
 $4,310
Property expenses 3,308
 2,549
 759
 9,092
 6,691
 2,401
Segment NOI $3,146
 $3,139
 $7
 $10,475
 $8,566
 $1,909
Multifamily segment NOI did not change materially for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and increased $1.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the corresponding periods in 2016. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was primarily a result of activity for Johns Hopkins Village, which was placed into serviceexperienced higher occupancy during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the corresponding periods in the third quarter of 2016.2017.
 
Multifamily Same Store Results
 
Multifamily same store results exclude new real estate development - specifically Johns Hopkins Village, which was placed into service in the third quarter of 2016. Multifamily same store results also exclude The Cosmopolitan, which is undergoing a redevelopment project that began on March 1, 2018.

 
Multifamily same store rental revenues, property expenses and NOI for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 20162017 were as follows: 
 Three Months Ended September 30,   Nine Months Ended September 30,   Three Months Ended June 30,   Six Months Ended June 30,  
 2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
 (unaudited, $ in thousands) (unaudited, $ in thousands)
Rental revenues $4,793
 $4,872
 $(79) $14,230
 $14,354
 $(124) $2,918
 $2,860
 $58
 $5,773
 $5,697
 $76
Property expenses 2,356
 2,206
 150
 6,595
 6,342
 253
 1,225
 1,207
 18
 2,383
 2,358
 25
Same Store NOI $2,437
 $2,666
 $(229) $7,635
 $8,012
 $(377) $1,693
 $1,653
 $40
 $3,390
 $3,339
 $51
Non-Same Store NOI 709
 473
 236
 2,840
 554
 2,286
 1,903
 1,814
 89
 4,145
 3,991
 154
Segment NOI $3,146
 $3,139
 $7
 $10,475
 $8,566
 $1,909
 $3,596
 $3,467
 $129
 $7,535
 $7,330
 $205
 
Multifamily same store NOI for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017 decreased 8.6% and 4.7%, respectively,2018 increased slightly compared to the corresponding periods in 2016.2017. The decreases areincrease is primarily due to decreased occupancythe result of increased rental rates at The Cosmopolitan attributed to construction activities at an adjacent property and the loss of retail tenants at that property.Smith’s Landing.

General Contracting and Real Estate Services Segment Data
 
 Three Months Ended September 30,   Nine Months Ended September 30,   Three Months Ended June 30,   Six Months Ended June 30,  
 2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
 (unaudited, $ in thousands) (unaudited, $ in thousands)
Segment revenues $41,201
 $38,552
 $2,649
 $161,391
 $108,555
 $52,836
 $20,654
 $56,671
 $(36,017) $43,704
 $120,190
 $(76,486)
Segment expenses 39,377
 37,274
 2,103
 154,588
 104,336
 50,252
 20,087
 54,015
 (33,928) 42,501
 115,211
 (72,710)
Segment gross profit $1,824
 $1,278
 $546
 $6,803
 $4,219
 $2,584
 $567
 $2,656
 $(2,089) $1,203
 $4,979
 $(3,776)
Operating margin 4.4% 3.3% 1.2% 4.2% 3.9% 0.3% 2.7% 4.7% (2.0)% 2.8% 4.1% (1.3)%
 
General contracting and real estate services segment profit for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 decreased 78.7% and 75.8% compared to the compared to the corresponding periods in 2017 as there were no significant new third-party contracts during the six months ended June 30, 2018. Operating margins also decreased during these periods.

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Segment profit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased $0.5 million and $2.6 million, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2016 because of several new large projects started subsequent to the first quarter of 2016 as well as higher margins in this segment.

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The changes in third party construction backlog for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 20162017 were as follows: 
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
(unaudited, $ in thousands)(unaudited, $ in thousands)
Beginning backlog$116,657
 $252,318
 $217,718
 $83,433
$30,733
 $157,722
 $49,167
 $217,718
New contracts/change orders1,251
 32,498
 20,211
 271,288
27,807
 15,519
 32,376
 18,960
Work performed(41,165) (38,384) (161,186) (108,289)(20,619) (56,584) (43,622) (120,021)
Ending backlog$76,743
 $246,432
 $76,743
 $246,432
$37,921
 $116,657
 $37,921
 $116,657
 
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, we had $26.2 million in backlog on the City Center project, $19.0 million in backlog on the Point Street Apartments project, and $17.9$5.7 million in backlog on the Dinwiddie Municipal Complex project and $6.9 million in backlog on the City Center project.
   
Consolidated Results of Operations
 
The following table summarizes the results of operations for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 2016:2017: 
 Three Months Ended September 30,   Nine Months Ended September 30,   Three Months Ended June 30,   Six Months Ended June 30,  
 2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
 (unaudited, $ in thousands) (unaudited, $ in thousands)
Revenues  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Rental revenues $27,096
 $25,305
 $1,791
 $81,083
 $72,839
 $8,244
 $28,598
 $26,755
 $1,843
 $57,297
 $53,987
 $3,310
General contracting and real estate services revenues 41,201
 38,552
 2,649
 161,391
 108,555
 52,836
 20,654
 56,671
 (36,017) 43,704
 120,190
 (76,486)
Total revenues 68,297
 63,857
 4,440
 242,474
 181,394
 61,080
 49,252
 83,426
 (34,174) 101,001
 174,177
 (73,176)
Expenses  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Rental expenses 6,830
 5,834
 996
 19,069
 16,234
 2,835
 6,522
 6,171
 351
 12,946
 12,239
 707
Real estate taxes 2,693
 2,356
 337
 7,797
 7,087
 710
 2,735
 2,595
 140
 5,548
 5,104
 444
General contracting and real estate services expenses 39,377
 37,274
 2,103
 154,588
 104,336
 50,252
 20,087
 54,015
 (33,928) 42,501
 115,211
 (72,710)
Depreciation and amortization 9,239
 8,885
 354
 28,018
 25,636
 2,382
 9,179
 9,304
 (125) 18,457
 18,779
 (322)
General and administrative expenses 2,098
 2,156
 (58) 7,762
 6,864
 898
 2,764
 2,678
 86
 5,725
 5,664
 61
Acquisition, development and other pursuit costs 61
 345
 (284) 477
 1,486
 (1,009) 9
 369
 (360) 93
 416
 (323)
Impairment charges 19
 149
 (130) 50
 184
 (134) 98
 27
 71
 98
 31
 67
Total expenses 60,317
 56,999
 3,318
 217,761
 161,827
 55,934
 41,394
 75,159
 (33,765) 85,368
 157,444
 (72,076)
Operating income 7,980
 6,858
 1,122
 24,713
 19,567
 5,146
 7,858
 8,267
 (409) 15,633
 16,733
 (1,100)
Interest income 1,910
 1,024
 886
 4,966
 1,928
 3,038
 2,375
 1,658
 717
 4,607
 3,056
 1,551
Interest expense (4,253) (4,124) (129) (13,282) (11,893) (1,389) (4,497) (4,494) (3) (8,870) (9,029) 159
Loss on extinguishment of debt 
 (82) 82
 
 (82) 82
Gain on real estate dispositions 4,692
 3,753
 939
 8,087
 30,440
 (22,353) 
 
 
 
 3,395
 (3,395)
Change in fair value of interest rate derivatives 87
 498
 (411) 300
 (2,264) 2,564
 (11) (81) 70
 958
 213
 745
Other income 74
 35
 39
 154
 154
 
 54
 43
 11
 168
 80
 88
Income before taxes 10,490
 7,962
 2,528
 24,938
 37,850
 (12,912) 5,779
 5,393
 386
 12,496
 14,448
 (1,952)
Income tax provision (29) (16) (13) (781) (240) (541)
Income tax benefit (provision) 166
 (450) 616
 432
 (752) 1,184
Net income $10,461
 $7,946
 $2,515
 $24,157
 $37,610
 $(13,453) $5,945
 $4,943
 $1,002
 $12,928
 $13,696
 $(768)
 

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Rental revenues for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 increased $1.8 million and $8.2$3.3 million respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2016,2017 as follows: 
 Three Months Ended September 30,   Nine Months Ended September 30,   Three Months Ended June 30,   Six Months Ended June 30,  
 2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
 (unaudited, $ in thousands) (unaudited, $ in thousands)
Office $4,762
 $5,277
 $(515) $14,427
 $16,097
 $(1,670) $5,288
 $4,759
 $529
 $10,388
 $9,665
 $723
Retail 15,880
 14,340
 1,540
 47,089
 41,485
 5,604
 16,608
 15,578
 1,030
 33,319
 31,209
 2,110
Multifamily 6,454
 5,688
 766
 19,567
 15,257
 4,310
 6,702
 6,418
 284
 13,590
 13,113
 477
 $27,096
 $25,305
 $1,791
 $81,083
 $72,839
 $8,244
 $28,598
 $26,755
 $1,843
 $57,297
 $53,987
 $3,310
 
Office rental revenues for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017 decreased 9.8%2018 increased 11.1% and 10.4%7.5%, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 20162017 primarily as a result of decreased occupancya new tenant at Armada Hoffler Tower and as a result4525 Main Street that moved in during December 2017. The increase was partially offset by the disposition of the sales of the Richmond Tower, Oyster Point, Commonwealth of Virginia-Chesapeake and Commonwealth of Virginia-Virginia Beach office buildings, which contributed an aggregate of $0.4$0.3 million and $1.4$0.6 million in office rental revenues for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016,2017, respectively.
 
Retail rental revenues for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 increased 10.7%6.6% and 13.5%6.8%, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 20162017 as a result of property acquisitions. Thethe acquisitions of Indian Lakes and Parkway Centre during the remaining nine propertiesthree months ended March 31, 2018, as well as the acquisition of the 11-property retail portfolio, Southgate Square, Southshore Shops, Columbus Village II, Renaissance Square, and the outparcel phase of Wendover Village together withand the completion of Brooks Crossing andthe Lightfoot Marketplace developments, contributed an aggregate of $1.5 million and $4.7 million in increased retail rental revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, which was partially offset by dispositions.development during 2017.

Multifamily rental revenues for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 increased 13.5%4.4% and 28.2%3.6%, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 20162017 as a result of the completion of theactivity for Johns Hopkins Village, development, which was placed into service in the third quarter of 2016 and experienced higher occupancy at Encore Apartmentsduring the three and Smith's Landing.six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the corresponding periods in 2017.

General contracting and real estate services revenues for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017 increased 6.9% and 48.7%, respectively,2018 decreased 63.6% compared to each of the corresponding periods in 2016 because of several2017 as there were no significant new large projects started subsequent tothird-party contracts during the first quarter of 2016.six months ended June 30, 2018.
 
Rental expenses for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 increased $1.0$0.4 million and $2.8$0.7 million respectively, compared to the the corresponding periods in 2016,2017 as follows: 
 Three Months Ended September 30,  Nine Months Ended September 30,   Three Months Ended June 30,   Six Months Ended June 30,  
 2017 2016 Change2017 2016 Change 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
 (unaudited, $ in thousands) (unaudited, $ in thousands)
Office $1,447
 $1,553
 $(106)$4,138
 $4,307
 $(169) $1,430
 $1,366
 $64
 $2,876
 $2,692
 $184
Retail 2,699
 2,264
 435
7,698
 6,820
 878
 2,563
 2,479
 84
 5,220
 4,999
 221
Multifamily 2,684
 2,017
 667
7,233
 5,107
 2,126
 2,529
 2,326
 203
 4,850
 4,548
 302
 $6,830
 $5,834
 $996
$19,069
 $16,234
 $2,835
 $6,522
 $6,171
 $351
 $12,946
 $12,239
 $707
 
Office rental expenses for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017 decreased2018 increased 4.7% and 6.8% and 3.9%, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2016 due to2017 as a result of higher occupancy at 4525 Main Street and increased operating expenses across the sales of the Richmond Tower, Oyster Point, Commonwealth of Virginia-Chesapeake and Commonwealth of Virginia-Virginia Beach office buildings.portfolio. Retail rental expenses for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 increased 19.2%3.4% and 12.9%4.4%, respectively, compared to the respectivecorresponding periods in 20162017 as a result of property acquisitions and the completion of development projects that were placed into service subsequent to the first quarter of 2016 as well as increased bad debt expenses.acquisitions. Multifamily rental expenses for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 increased 33.1%8.7% and 41.6%6.6%, respectively, compared to the respectivecorresponding periods in 20162017 primarily due to placinghigher occupancy at Johns Hopkins Village into service.
Village.

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Real estate taxes for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 increased $0.3$0.1 million and $0.7$0.4 million respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2016,2017 as follows: 
 Three Months Ended September 30,   Nine Months Ended September 30,   Three Months Ended June 30,   Six Months Ended June 30,  
 2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
 (unaudited, $ in thousands) (unaudited, $ in thousands)
Office $481
 $485
 $(4) $1,381
 $1,550
 $(169) $502
 $450
 $52
 $1,004
 $900
 $104
Retail 1,588
 1,339
 249
 4,557
 3,953
 604
 1,656
 1,520
 136
 3,339
 2,969
 370
Multifamily 624
 532
 92
 1,859
 1,584
 275
 577
 625
 (48) 1,205
 1,235
 (30)
 $2,693
 $2,356
 $337
 $7,797
 $7,087
 $710
 $2,735
 $2,595
 $140
 $5,548
 $5,104
 $444
 
Office real estate taxes for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017 decreased 0.8%2018 increased 11.6% and 10.9%11.6%, respectively, compared to the respectivecorresponding periods in 20162017 due to increased assessments across the salesoffice portfolio partially offset by the sale of the Richmond Tower, Oyster Point, Commonwealth of Virginia-Chesapeake and Commonwealth of Virginia-Virginia Beach office buildings. Retail and multifamily real estate taxes for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 increased 8.9% and 12.5%, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 20162017 as a result of acquisitions completion of development projects that were placed into service subsequent to the first quarter of 2016 and increases from new tax assessments. Multifamily real estate taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 decreased 7.7% and 2.4%, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2017 as a result of lower assessments at Liberty Apartments and The Cosmopolitan.

General contracting and real estate services expenses for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017 increased 5.6%2018 decreased 62.8% and 48.2%63.1%, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 20162017 as a result of severalthere were no significant new large projects started subsequent tothird-party contracts during the first quarter of 2016.six months ended June 30, 2018.
 
Depreciation and amortization for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017 increased 4.0%2018 decreased 1.3% and 9.3%1.7%, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 20162017 as a result of in-place leases associated with previously acquired properties that became fully amortized subsequent to June 30, 2017, partially offset by property acquisitions and completion of development projects that were placed into serviceoccurred subsequent to the first quarter of 2016.June 30, 2017.
 
General and administrative expenses for the three and six months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017 decreased 2.7%2018 remained largely consistent compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 due to a reductioncorresponding periods in franchise fees. General and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased 13.1% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016 as a result of higher regulatory and compliance costs and higher compensation and benefit costs from increased employee headcount.2017.
 
Acquisition, development and other pursuit costs for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 decreased significantly compared to the corresponding periods in 2016.2017. The costs incurred in the ninethree and six months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20162017 were primarily related to thea potential acquisition of the 11-property retail portfolio in January 2016.that was abandoned.
Impairment charges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were primarily due to lease terminations.

Interest income for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 increased 43.2% and 50.8%, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 20162017 due to higher notes receivable balances, including the North Decatur Square mezzanine loan originated in May 2017 and the Delray Plaza mezzanine loan originated in October 2017.

Interest expense for the three and nine months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017 increased 3.1% and 11.7%, respectively,2018 was consistent with the corresponding period in 2017. Interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2018 decreased 1.8% compared to the corresponding periodsperiod in 20162017 primarily as a result of higherrefinancing activities that lowered the interest rates. 
The lossrates on extinguishment of debt for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 was due to unamortized debt issuance costs associated with repaid mortgages as well as costs associated with modifying our credit facility.certain loans. 

During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017, we recognized a gain of $3.4 million on our sale of the Greentree Wawa outparcel, a gain of $4.2 millionoutparcel. There were no gains on our sale recognized during the three months ended June 30, 2018 or 2017 of the Commonwealth of Virginia-Chesapeake and Commonwealth of Virginia-Virginia Beach office buildings and a gain of $0.5 million on our sale of the land outparcel at Sandbridge Commons. During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016, we recognized gains of $30.4 million on our sales of the Richmond Tower office building and the Newport News Economic Authority building.2018.

The change in fair value of interest rate derivatives was not significant for the three months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018 and 2017. The change in fair value of interest rate derivatives increased $0.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017 was an increase of $0.1 million compared to an increase of $0.5 million for the corresponding period in 2016 due to less dramaticsignificant changes in forward LIBOR (the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate). The change in fair value of interest rate derivatives for the nine months

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ended September 30, 2017 was an increase of $0.3 million compared to a decrease of $2.3 million for the corresponding period in 2016. The expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was due to dedesignation of our hedge accounting. 

Income tax provisionsbenefit and provision that we recognized during the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2018 and 2017, and 2016respectively, were attributable to the taxable profits and losses of our development and construction businesses that we operate through our TRS.
 

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Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Overview
 
We believe our primary short-term liquidity requirements consist of general contractor expenses, operating expenses and other expenditures associated with our properties, including tenant improvements, leasing commissions and leasing incentives, dividend payments to our stockholders required to maintain our REIT qualification, debt service, capital expenditures, new real estate development projects and strategic acquisitions. We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements through net cash provided by operations, reserves established from existing cash, borrowings under construction loans to fund new real estate development and construction, borrowings available under our senior unsecured credit facility, and net proceeds from the sale of common stock.stock through our at-the-market continuous equity offering program (the "ATM Program"), which is discussed below.
 
Our long-term liquidity needs consist primarily of funds necessary for the repayment of debt at or prior to maturity, general contracting expenses, property development and acquisitions, tenant improvements, and capital improvements. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements with net cash from operations, long-term secured and unsecured indebtedness, and the issuance of equity and debt securities. We also may fund property development and acquisitions and capital improvements using our senior unsecured credit facility pending long-term financing.
 
As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, we had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $19.7$12.3 million available for both current liquidity needs as well as development activities. We also had restricted cash of $3.2$3.1 million available for property improvements and required maintenance. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, we had $92.0$64.9 million of available borrowings under our credit facility to meet our short-term liquidity requirements.requirements and $129.7 million of available borrowings under our construction loans to fund our development projects.

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, we began to address the five loans originally scheduled to mature during 2018. Both of the Columbus Village loans were paid off, and the Sandbridge Commons loan was extended for five years. Additionally, on July 27, 2018, the Johns Hopkins Village loan was refinanced with a new loan that matures on August 7, 2025.
 
ATM Program

On February 26, 2018, we commenced our ATM Program through which we may, from time to time, issue and sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $125.0 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, we issued and sold an aggregate of 3,542,178 shares of common stock at an average price of $14.07 per share under the ATM Program, receiving net proceeds, after offering costs and commissions, of $49.1 million.

Credit Facility
 
On October 26, 2017, we entered into an amended and restated credit agreement (the “amended credit“credit agreement”), which provides for a $300.0 million credit facility comprised of a $150.0 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the “revolving credit facility”) and a $150.0 million senior unsecured term loan facility (the “term loan facility” and, together with the revolving credit facility, the “credit facility”), with Banka syndicate of America, N.A., as administrative agent, swing line lender and L/C issuer, Regions Bank and PNC Bank, National Association, as syndication agents, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Regions Capital Markets and PNC Capital Markets LLC, as joint lead arrangers, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated as sole bookrunner and the other lenders party thereto.banks. The amended credit facility replacesreplaced our prior $150.0 million revolving credit facility, which was scheduled to mature on February 20, 2019, and our prior $125.0 million term loan facility, which was scheduled to mature on February 20, 2021. We intend to use future borrowings under the credit facility for general corporate purposes, including funding acquisitions and development and redevelopment of properties in our portfolio and for working capital.

The credit facility includes an accordion feature that allows the total commitments to be increased to $450.0 million, subject to certain conditions, including obtaining commitments from any one or more lenders. On March 28, 2018, our Operating Partnership increased the maximum commitments of the credit facility to $330.0 million using the accordion feature, with an increase of the term loan facility to $180.0 million. The revolving credit facility has a scheduled maturity date of October 26, 2021, with two six-month extension options, subject to certain conditions, including payment of a 0.075% extension fee at each extension. The term loan facility has a scheduled maturity date of October 26, 2022.

The revolving credit facility bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 1.40% to 2.00% and the term loan facility bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 1.35% to 1.95%, in each case depending on our total leverage. We are also obligated to pay an unused commitment fee of 15 or 25 basis points on the unused portions of the commitments under the revolving credit facility, depending on the amount of borrowings under the credit facility. If we attain investment grade

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credit ratings from S&P and Moody’s, we may elect to have borrowings become subject to interest rates based on our credit ratings.

The Operating Partnership is the borrower under the credit facility, and its obligations under the credit facility are guaranteed by us and certain of its subsidiaries that are not otherwise prohibited from providing such guaranty.

The credit agreement contains customary representations and warranties and financial and other affirmative and negative covenants. Our ability to borrow under the credit facility is subject to our ongoing compliance with a number of financial covenants, affirmative covenants and other restrictions, including the following:

Total leverage ratio of not more than 60% (or 65% for the two consecutive quarters following any acquisition that is equal to or greater than 10% of our total asset value (as defined in the credit agreement), but only up to two times during the term of the credit facility);

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Ratio of adjusted EBITDA (as defined in the credit agreement) to fixed charges of not less than 1.50 to 1.0;
Tangible net worth of not less than the sum of 75% of tangible net worth (as defined in the credit agreement) as of September 30, 2017 and 75% of the net equity proceeds received after June 30, 2017;
Ratio of secured indebtedness to total asset value of not more than 40%;
Ratio of secured recourse debt to total asset value of not more than 20%;
Total unsecured leverage ratio of not more than 60% (or 65% for the two consecutive quarters following any acquisition that is equal to or greater than 10% of our total asset value, but only up to two times during the term of the credit facility);
Unencumbered interest coverage ratio (as defined in the credit agreement) of not less than 1.75 to 1.0;
Ratio of unencumbered NOI (as defined in the credit agreement) to all unsecured debt of not less than 12%;
Maintenance of a minimum of at least 15 unencumbered properties (as defined in the credit agreement) with an unencumbered asset value (as defined in the credit agreement) of not less than $300.0 million at any time; and
Minimum occupancy rate (as defined in the credit agreement) for all unencumbered properties of not less than 80% at any time.

The credit facility limits our ability to pay cash dividends. However, so long as no default or event of default exists, the credit agreement allows us to pay cash dividends with respect to any 12-month period in an amount not to exceed the greater of: (i) 95% of adjusted funds from operations (as defined in the credit agreement) or (ii) the amount required for us (a) to maintain our status as a REIT and (b) to avoid income or excise tax under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.Code. If certain defaults or events of default exist, we may pay cash dividends with respect to any 12-month period to the extent necessary to maintain our status as a REIT. The credit facility also restricts the amount of capital that we can invest in specific categories of assets, such as unimproved land holdings, development properties, notes receivable, mortgages, mezzanine loans and unconsolidated affiliates, and restricts the amount of stock and OP units that we may repurchase during the term of the credit facility.

We may, at any time, voluntarily prepay any loan under the credit facility in whole or in part without premium or penalty.

The credit agreement includes customary events of default, in certain cases subject to customary periods to cure. The occurrence of an event of default, following the applicable cure period, would permit the lenders to, among other things, declare the unpaid principal, accrued and unpaid interest and all other amounts payable under the credit facility to be immediately due and payable.

We are currently in compliance with all covenants under the credit facility.agreement.

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Consolidated Indebtedness
 
The following table sets forth our consolidated indebtedness as of SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 ($ in thousands): 
 Amount Outstanding    Interest Rate(a) Effective Rate for Variable
Debt
    Maturity Date Balance at Maturity Amount Outstanding    Interest Rate (a) Effective Rate for Variable
Debt
    Maturity Date Balance at Maturity
Secured Debt                
Johns Hopkins Village $46,698
(b)LIBOR+1.90%
 3.99% July 30, 2018 $46,698
Lightfoot Marketplace $12,894
 LIBOR+1.90%
 3.13% November 14, 2017 $12,894
 10,500
 LIBOR+1.75%
 3.84% November 14, 2018 10,500
Sandbridge Commons 8,530
 LIBOR+1.85%
 3.08% January 17, 2018 8,045
Columbus Village Note 1 6,124
 LIBOR+2.00%
 3.05%(b)  April 5, 2018 6,033
Columbus Village Note 2 2,232
 LIBOR+2.00%
 3.23% April 5, 2018 2,108
Johns Hopkins Village 46,698
 LIBOR+1.90%
 3.13% July 30, 2018 46,698
North Point Note 1 9,623
 6.45%  
 February 5, 2019 9,333
 9,463
 6.45%  
 February 5, 2019 9,333
Harding Place 14,884
 LIBOR+2.95%
 5.04% February 24, 2020 14,884
Town Center Phase VI 12,712
 LIBOR+3.50%
 5.59% June 29, 2020 12,712
Hoffler Place 1,417
 LIBOR+3.24%
   January 1, 2021 1,417
Summit Place 588
 LIBOR+3.24%
   January 1, 2021 588
Southgate Square 20,871
 LIBOR+2.00%
 3.23% April 29, 2021 18,925
 21,882
 LIBOR+1.60%
 3.69% April 29, 2021 19,462
249 Central Park Retail 16,910
(c)LIBOR+1.95%
 3.18% August 8, 2021 15,959
South Retail 7,420
(c)LIBOR+1.95%
 3.18% August 8, 2021 7,002
Fountain Plaza Retail 10,180
(c)LIBOR+1.95%
 3.18% August 8, 2021 9,608
4525 Main Street 32,034
(d)3.25%   September 10, 2021 30,774
 32,034
(c)3.25%   September 10, 2021 30,774
Encore Apartments 24,966
(d)3.25%   September 10, 2021 24,006
 24,966
(c)3.25%   September 10, 2021 24,006
Hanbury Village 19,622
 3.78%   August 15, 2022 17,109
 19,262
 3.78%   August 15, 2022 17,109
Socastee Commons 4,796
(e)  4.57%  
 January 6, 2023 4,223
 4,721
(d)  4.57%  
 January 6, 2023 4,223
Sandbridge Commons 8,372
 LIBOR+1.75%
 3.84% January 17, 2023 7,247
249 Central Park Retail 17,150
(e)LIBOR+1.60%
 3.69% August 10, 2023 15,935
South Retail 7,529
(e)LIBOR+1.60%
 3.69% August 10, 2023 6,992
Fountain Plaza Retail 10,321
(e)LIBOR+1.60%
 3.69% August 10, 2023 9,594
River City 
 LIBOR+1.50%
 % May 31, 2019 
Brooks Crossing office tower 131
 LIBOR+1.60%
 3.69% July 1, 2025 131
North Point Note 2 2,486
 7.25%  
 September 15, 2025 1,344
 2,404
 7.25%  
 September 15, 2025 1,344
Smith's Landing 19,954
 4.05%  
 June 1, 2035 
 19,378
 4.05%  
 June 1, 2035 
Liberty Apartments 19,763
(e)  5.66%  
 November 1, 2043 
 14,567
(d)  5.66%  
 November 1, 2043 
The Cosmopolitan 45,390
 3.35%  
 July 1, 2051 
 44,842
 3.35%  
 July 1, 2051 
Harding Place 
 LIBOR+2.95%
   February 24, 2020 
Town Center Phase VI 
 LIBOR+3.50%
   June 29, 2020 
Total secured debt $310,493
  
  
   $214,061
 $323,821
  
  
   $232,949
Unsecured Debt  
  
  
    
  
  
  
    
Senior unsecured revolving credit facility 58,000
 LIBOR+1.40% to 2.00%
 2.78% February 20, 2019(f)58,000
 83,000
 LIBOR+1.40% to 2.00%
 3.84% October 26, 2021 83,000
Senior unsecured term loan 80,000
 LIBOR+1.35% to 1.95%
 3.79% October 26, 2022 80,000
Senior unsecured term loan 75,000
 LIBOR+1.35% to 1.95%
 2.73% February 20, 2020(f)75,000
 50,000
 LIBOR+1.35% to 1.95%
 3.70%(f)October 26, 2022 50,000
Senior unsecured term loan 50,000
 LIBOR+1.35% to 1.95%
 3.50%(b)  February 20, 2020(f)50,000
 50,000
 LIBOR+1.35% to 1.95%
 4.48%(f)  October 26, 2022 50,000
Total unsecured debt $183,000
  
  
   $183,000
 $263,000
  
  
   $263,000
Total principal balances 493,493
     397,061
 586,821
     495,949
Unamortized GAAP adjustments (4,884)  
  
   
 (6,375)  
  
   
Indebtedness, net $488,609
  
  
   $397,061
 $580,446
  
  
   $495,949
                
(a)    LIBOR rate is determined by individual lenders.
(b)    Loan was refinanced on July 27, 2018.
(c)    Cross collateralized.
(d)    Principal balance excluding fair value adjustments.
(e)    Cross collateralized.
(f)    Subject to an interest rate swap agreement.
(c)    Cross collateralized.
(d)    Cross collateralized.
(e)    Principal balance excluding fair value adjustments.
(f)As described above, following an amendment and restatement of the credit agreement on October 26, 2017, the revolving credit facility has a scheduled maturity date of October 26, 2021, with a one-year extension option, subject to certain conditions, and the term loan facility has a scheduled maturity date of October 26, 2022.

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We are currently in compliance with all covenants on our outstanding indebtedness.

As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, our principal payments during the following years are as follows ($ in thousands): 
Year(1)
Year(1)
 
Amount Due 
 
Percentage of Total 
Year(1)
 
Amount Due 
 
Percentage of Total 
2017 $13,948
 3%
20182018 67,263
 14%2018 $59,337
 10%
20192019 71,376
 15%2019 13,773
 2%
20202020 130,057
 26%2020 33,156
 6%
20212021 110,458
 22%2021 163,812
 28%
20222022 200,590
 34%
ThereafterThereafter 100,391
 20%Thereafter 116,153
 20%
  $493,493
 100%  $586,821
 100%
        
(1)    Does not reflect the effect of any maturity extension options.

On February 1, 2017,January 22, 2018, we extended the maturity date of our Sandbridge Commons mortgage. The loan bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread of 1.75% and will mature on January 17, 2023.

On March 27, 2018, we paid off the North Point CenterColumbus Village Note 51 and Columbus Village Note 2 in full for $0.6an aggregate amount of $8.3 million.

On May 31, 2018, we modified the Southgate Square note. The principal amount of the note was increased to $22 million, and the note now bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread of 1.60%. This note will still mature on April 7, 2017, we paid off the Harrisonburg Regal note in full for $3.2 million.29, 2021.

On April 19, 2017,June 1, 2018, we entered into a second amendment to the credit agreement$16.3 million construction loan for the Lightfoot MarketplaceRiver City industrial development project in Chesterfield, Virginia. The loan which amended certain definitionsbears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread of 1.50% and covenant requirements.will mature on May 31, 2019.

On June 14, 2018, we extended and modified the note secured by 249 Central Park Retail, Fountain Plaza Retail, and South Retail. The principal amount of the note was increased to $35.0 million and bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread of 1.60%. The note will mature on August 10, 2023.

On June 29, 2018, we entered into a $15.6 million construction loan for the Brooks Crossing office tower development project. The loan bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread of 1.60% and will mature on July 1, 2025.

On July 13, 2017, we paid off the remaining balance of $4.9 million for the note secured by the Commonwealth of Virginia building in Chesapeake, Virginia in conjunction with the sale of this property.

On August 9, 2017, we refinanced the Hanbury Village note. The new note matures in August 2022 and has a fixed annual interest rate of 3.78%.

On August 10, 2017, we paid off $0.7 million of the Sandbridge Commons note in conjunction with the sale of a land outparcel at this property.

On September 1, 2017,12, 2018, we entered into a modification$16.2 million construction loan for the Market at Mill Creek development project in Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina. The loan bears interest at a rate of The Cosmopolitan note, which reduced the annual interest rate from 3.75% to 3.35%.LIBOR plus a spread of 1.55% and will mature on July 12, 2025.

On October 13, 2017,July 27, 2018, we paid off $5.0 millionextended and modified the Johns Hopkins Village note. The principal amount of the Liberty Apartments note.note was increased to $53.0 million. The note bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread of 1.25% and will mature on August 7, 2025. We simultaneously entered into an interest rate swap agreement that effectively fixes the interest rate at 4.19% for the term of the loan.

Interest Rate Derivatives
 
On February 20, 2015, we entered into a $50.0 million floating-to-fixed interest rate swap attributable to one-month LIBOR indexed interest payments. The $50.0 million interest rate swap has a fixed rate of 2.00%, an effective date of March 1, 2016 and a maturity date of February 20, 2020. We entered into this interest rate swap agreement in connection with the $50.0 million senior unsecured term loan facility that bears interest at LIBOR plus 1.35% to 1.95%, depending on our total leverage.
 
On July 13, 2015, we entered into a $6.5 million floating-to-fixed interest rate swap attributable to one-month LIBOR indexed interest payments. The $6.5 million interest rate swap has a fixed rate of 3.05%, an effective date of July 13, 2015 and a maturity date of April 5, 2018.

On FebruaryMarch 7, 2017, we2018, the Operating Partnership entered into a LIBOR interest rate cap agreement on a notional amount of $50.0 million at a strike rate of 1.50%2.25% for a premium of less than $0.2$0.3 million. The interest rate cap agreement expires on MarchApril 1, 2019.2020.

On JuneApril 23, 2017,2018, we entered into a floating-to-fixed interest rate swap attributable to one-month LIBOR indexed interest payments with a notional amount of $50.0 million. The interest rate swap has a fixed rate of 2.783%, an effective date of May 1, 2018, and a maturity date of May 1, 2023.

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On July 16, 2018, the Operating Partnership entered into a LIBOR interest rate cap agreement on a notional amount of $50.0 million at a strike rate of 1.50%2.50% for a premium of less than $0.2$0.3 million. The interest rate cap agreement expires on JulyAugust 1, 2019.
On September 18, 2017, we entered into a LIBOR interest rate cap agreement on a notional amount of $50.0 million at a strike rate of 1.50% for a premium of less than $0.2 million. The interest rate cap agreement expires on October 1, 2019.2020.

As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, we were party to the following LIBOR interest rate cap agreements ($ in thousands): 

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Effective Date Maturity Date Strike Rate Notional Amount Maturity Date Strike Rate Notional Amount
October 26, 2015 October 15, 2017 1.25% 75,000
February 25, 2016 March 1, 2018 1.50% 75,000
June 17, 2016 June 17, 2018 1.00% 70,000
February 7, 2017 March 1, 2019 1.50% 50,000
 March 1, 2019 1.50% 50,000
June 23, 2017 July 1, 2019 1.50% 50,000
 July 1, 2019 1.50% 50,000
September 18, 2017 October 1, 2019 1.50% 50,000
 October 1, 2019 1.50% 50,000
November 28, 2017 December 1, 2019 1.50% 50,000
March 7, 2018 April 1, 2020 2.25% 50,000
Total     $370,000
     $250,000
 
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
We have entered into standby letters of credit using the available capacity under the credit facility. Letters of credit generally are available for draw down in the event we do not perform. As of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, we had aggregatean outstanding standby lettersletter of credit totaling $4.1for $2.1 million that expireexpires during 2017.2018. However, any of our standby letters of credit may be renewed for additional periods until completion of the related construction contracts. The amountsamount outstanding at SeptemberJune 30, 2017 include $2.0 million relating to construction projects and2018 was comprised of a $2.1 million letter of credit related to the guarantee on the 1405 Point Street Apartments senior construction loan.
 
Cash Flows
 Nine Months Ended September 30,   Six Months Ended June 30,  
 2017 2016 Change 2018 2017 Change
 ($ in thousands) ($ in thousands)
Operating Activities $36,598
 $38,782
 $(2,184) $11,260
 $16,974
 $(5,714)
Investing Activities (69,485) (187,681) 118,196
 (103,118) (33,968) (69,150)
Financing Activities 30,666
 145,800
 (115,134) 84,360
 13,527
 70,833
Net Increase (Decrease) $(2,221) $(3,099) $878
 $(7,498) $(3,467) $(4,031)
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Period $21,942
 $26,989
  
Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Period $19,721
 $23,890
  
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash, Beginning of Period $22,916
 $25,193
  
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash, End of Period $15,418
 $21,726
  
 
Net cash provided by operating activities during the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 decreased 5.6%33.7% compared to the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016,2017, primarily as a result of timing differences in operating assets and liabilities.
 
During the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, we invested 63.0% less$69.2 million more in cash compared to the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016. The primary component of2017 due to increased development activity and the 2016 investments was our acquisition of the 11-property retail portfolio.two operating properties.
 
Net cash provided by financing activities during the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2017 decreased 79.0%2018 increased $70.8 million as compared to the ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 2016,2017, primarily as a result of debt andincreased borrowings under the credit facility repayments during the 2017 period, partially offset by increased net proceeds from equity issuances.facility.
 
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
 
We calculate FFO in accordance with the standards established by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”Nareit”). NAREITNareit defines FFO as net income (loss) (calculated in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (or losses) from sales of depreciable operating property, real estate related depreciation and amortization (excluding amortization of deferred financing costs) and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures.
 
FFO is a supplemental non-GAAP financial measure. Management uses FFO as a supplemental performance measure because we believe that FFO is beneficial to investors as a starting point in measuring our operational performance. Specifically, in excluding real estate related depreciation and amortization and gains and losses from property dispositions, which do not relate to or are not indicative of operating performance, FFO provides a performance measure that, when compared year-over-year, captures trends in occupancy rates, rental rates and operating costs. We also believe that, as a widely recognized measure of the performance of REITs, FFO will be used by investors as a basis to compare our operating performance with that of other REITs.

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However, because FFO excludes depreciation and amortization and captures neither the changes in the value of our properties that result from use or market conditions nor the level of capital expenditures and leasing commissions necessary to maintain the operating performance of our properties, all of which have real economic effects and could materially impact our results from operations, the utility of FFO as a measure of our performance is limited. In addition, other equity REITs may not calculate FFO in accordance with the NAREITNareit definition as we do, and, accordingly, our calculation of FFO may not be comparable to such other REITs’ calculation of FFO. Accordingly, FFO should be considered only as a supplement to net income as a measure of our performance. FFO should not be used as a measure of our liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to pay dividends or service indebtedness. Also, FFO should not be used as a supplement to or substitute for cash flow from operating activities computed in accordance with GAAP.

We also believe that the computation of FFO in accordance with NAREIT’sNareit’s definition includes certain items that are not indicative of the results provided by our operating property portfolio and affect the comparability of our year-over-year performance. Accordingly, management believes that Normalized FFO is a more useful performance measure that excludes certain items, including but not limited to, debt extinguishment losses and prepayment penalties, property acquisition, development and other pursuit costs, mark-to-market adjustments for interest rate derivatives, and other non-comparable items.
 
The following table sets forth a reconciliation of FFO and Normalized FFO for the three and ninesix months ended SeptemberJune 30, 20172018 and 20162017 to net income, the most directly comparable GAAP measure: 
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016 2018 2017 2018 2017
 (unaudited, $ in thousands) (in thousands, except per share and unit amounts)
Net income $10,461
 $7,946
 $24,157
 $37,610
 $5,945
 $4,943
 $12,928
 $13,696
Depreciation and amortization 9,239
 8,885
 28,018
 25,636
 9,179
 9,304
 18,457
 18,779
Gain on operating real estate dispositions (4,200) (3,753) (7,595) (30,010)
(Gain) loss on operating real estate dispositions 
 
 
 (3,395)
Funds from operations $15,500
 $13,078
 $44,580
 $33,236
 $15,124
 $14,247
 $31,385
 $29,080
Acquisition, development and other pursuit costs 61
 345
 477
 1,486
 9
 369
 93
 416
Impairment charges 19
 149
 50
 184
 98
 27
 98
 31
Loss on extinguishment of debt 
 82
 
 82
Change in fair value of interest rate derivatives (87) (498) (300) 2,264
 11
 81
 (958) (213)
Normalized funds from operations $15,493
 $13,156
 $44,807
 $37,252
 $15,242
 $14,724
 $30,618
 $29,314
Net income per diluted share and unit $0.17
 $0.15
 $0.41
 $0.77
 $0.09
 $0.08
 $0.21
 $0.24
FFO per diluted share and unit $0.25
 $0.25
 $0.75
 $0.68
 $0.24
 $0.24
 $0.50
 $0.50
Normalized FFO per diluted share and unit $0.25
 $0.26
 $0.75
 $0.76
 $0.24
 $0.25
 $0.49
 $0.51
Weighted average common shares and units - diluted 62,779
 51,512
 59,423
 48,869
 63,214
 59,936
 62,878
 57,718
 
The adjustment for gain on operating real estate dispositions excludes the gain recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2016 on the Newport News Economic Authority building because this building was sold before being placed in service. Additionally, the adjustment for gain on operating real estate dispositions excludes the gain recognized in the three months ended September 30, 2017 on the land outparcel at Sandbridge Commons because this was a non-operating parcel.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements that have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to exercise our best judgment in making estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. We base our estimates on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis, based upon then-currently available information. Actual results could differ from these estimates. We discuss the accounting policies and estimates that are most critical to understanding our reported financial results in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2017.

On January 1, 2018, we adopted the new accounting standard codified in Accounting Standards Codification 606 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers. We recognize general contracting revenues as a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. For each construction contract, we identify the performance obligations, which typically include the delivery of a single building constructed according to the specifications of the contract. We estimate the total transaction price, which generally includes a fixed contract price and may also include variable components such as early completion bonuses, liquidated damages, or cost savings to be shared with the customer. Variable components of the contract price are included in the transaction price to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur. We recognize the estimated transaction price as revenue as we satisfy our performance obligations; we estimate our progress in satisfying performance obligations for each contract using the percentage-of-completion method, based on the proportion of incurred costs to total estimated construction costs at completion. Construction contract costs include all direct material, direct labor, subcontract costs, and overhead costs

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directly related to contract performance. Changes in job performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability, including those arising from contract penalty provisions and final contract settlements, are all significant judgments that may result in revisions to costs and income and are recognized in the period in which they are determined. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are recognized immediately in the period in which such losses are determined. We defer pre-contract costs when such costs are directly associated with specific anticipated contracts and their recovery is probable.
We recognize real estate services revenues from property development and management as we satisfy our performance obligations under these service arrangements.

We assess whether multiple contracts with a single counterparty should be combined into a single contract for the revenue recognition purposes based on factors such as the timing of the negotiation and execution of the contracts and whether the economic substance of the contracts was contemplated separately or in tandem.
 
Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
 
The primary market risk to which we are exposed is interest rate risk. Our primary interest rate exposure is LIBOR. We primarily use fixed interest rate financing to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. On a limited basis, we

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also use derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk. We do not use these derivatives for trading or other speculative purposes.
 
At SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, approximately $234.8$271.6 million, or 47.6%46.3%, of our debt had fixed interest rates and approximately $258.7$315.2 million, or 52.4%53.7%, had variable interest rates. At SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, LIBOR was approximately 123209 basis points. Assuming no increase in the level of our variable rate debt, if LIBOR increased by 100 basis points, our cash flow would increasedecrease by approximately $0.5less than $0.1 million per year as a result of the interest rate caps. Assuming no increase in the level of our variable rate debt, if LIBOR decreased by 100 basis points, our cash flow would increase by approximately $2.4$2.0 million per year.

Item 4.    Controls and Procedures
 
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is processed, recorded, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and regulations of the SEC and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
 
We have carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, regarding the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, the end of the period covered by this report. Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded, as of SeptemberJune 30, 2017,2018, that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act: (i) is processed, recorded, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
 
There have been no changes to our internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


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Part II. Other Information
 
Item  1.    Legal Proceedings
 
We are not currently a party, as plaintiff or defendant, to any legal proceedings that we believe to be material or which, individually or in the aggregate, would be expected to have a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations if determined adversely to us. We may be subject to ongoing litigation relating to our portfolio and the properties comprising our portfolio, and we expect to otherwise be party from time to time to various lawsuits, claims and other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business.
 
Item  1A.    Risk Factors
 
There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2017. 
 
Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
 
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
 
None.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

None.

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Item  3.    Defaults on Senior Securities
 
None.
 
Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures
 
Not applicable.

Item 5.    Other Information
 
The description of the credit facility under "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Liquidity and Capital Resources-Credit Facility" is incorporated by reference in this Item 5.None.
 

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Item 6.    Exhibits
 
The exhibits listed in the accompanying Exhibit Index are filed, furnished or incorporated by reference (as applicable) as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Exhibit Index
Exhibit No. Description
15.1
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
101.INS XBRL Instance Document
   
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
   
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
   
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
   
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
   
101.DEF XBRL Definition Linkbase

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Signatures
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
  
 ARMADA HOFFLER PROPERTIES, INC.
  
Date: NovemberAugust 1, 20172018/s/ LOUIS S. HADDAD
 Louis S. Haddad
 President and Chief Executive Officer
 (Principal Executive Officer)
  
Date: NovemberAugust 1, 20172018/s/ MICHAEL P. O’HARA
 Michael P. O’Hara
 Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
 (Principal Accounting and Financial Officer)

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