UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON,Washington, D.C. 20549
 FORM 10-Q
x    QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2018March 31, 2019
or
 
¨    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the transition period from                     to                      
Commission file number:File Number: 001-35908
 
ARMADA HOFFLER PROPERTIES, INC.
(Exact Namename of Registrantregistrant as Specifiedspecified in its Charter)charter)
 
Maryland46-1214914
(State or other jurisdiction of Organization)incorporation or organization)
(IRSI.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
222 Central Park Avenue, Suite 2100
Virginia Beach, Virginia
23462
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)principal executive offices)(Zip Code)
 
(757) 366-4000
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    x  Yes     ¨  No
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files).    x  Yes     ¨  No
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large"large accelerated filer,” “accelerated" "accelerated filer,” “smaller" "smaller reporting company”company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 
Large Accelerated Filer ◻ 
x
Accelerated Filerx
¨
Non-Accelerated Filer ◻ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)¨Smaller Reporting Company ◻ ¨
  Emerging Growth Company
x¨ 
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   x¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  
¨ Yes     x  No

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per shareAHHNew York Stock Exchange
 
As of July 31, 2018,May 6, 2019, the Registrantregistrant had 48,891,86752,418,695 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding. In addition, as of May 6, 2019, Armada Hoffler, L.P., the registrant's operating partnership subsidiary, had 16,991,933 units of limited partnership interest ("OP Units") outstanding (other than OP Units held by the registrant).



ARMADA HOFFLER PROPERTIES, INC.
 
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED JUNE 30, 2018MARCH 31, 2019
 
Table of Contents
 
 Page
  
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  




PART I. Financial Information
 
Item 1.    Financial Statements
 
ARMADA HOFFLER PROPERTIES, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except par value and share data)
 June 30,
2018
 December 31,
2017
 March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
 (Unaudited)   (Unaudited)  
ASSETS        
Real estate investments:        
Income producing property $934,929
 $910,686
 $1,102,803
 $1,037,917
Held for development 1,474
 680
 2,994
 2,994
Construction in progress 157,795
 83,071
 145,366
 135,675
 1,094,198
 994,437
 1,251,163
 1,176,586
Accumulated depreciation (177,966) (164,521) (196,518) (188,775)
Net real estate investments 916,232
 829,916
 1,054,645
 987,811
Real estate investments held for sale 929
 929
Cash and cash equivalents 12,279
 19,959
 15,577
 21,254
Restricted cash 3,139
 2,957
 3,382
 2,797
Accounts receivable, net 16,444
 15,691
 18,297
 19,016
Notes receivable 93,478
 83,058
 152,172
 138,683
Construction receivables, including retentions 19,868
 23,933
 17,784
 16,154
Construction contract costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings 1,287
 245
 317
 1,358
Equity method investments 14,538
 11,411
 
 22,203
Lease right-of-use assets 32,242
 
Other assets 55,106
 55,953
 63,909
 55,177
Total Assets $1,132,371
 $1,043,123
 $1,359,254
 $1,265,382
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY        
Indebtedness, net $580,446
 $517,272
 $737,621
 $694,239
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 11,525
 15,180
 15,904
 15,217
Construction payables, including retentions 40,719
 47,445
 42,293
 50,796
Billings in excess of construction contract costs and estimated earnings 1,711
 3,591
 3,622
 3,037
Lease liabilities 41,697
 
Other liabilities 41,000
 39,352
 40,431
 46,203
Total Liabilities 675,401
 622,840
 881,568
 809,492
        
Stockholders’ equity:        
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 
 
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 48,768,363 and 44,937,763 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively 488
 449
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively 
 
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 52,326,803 and 50,013,731 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively 523
 500
Additional paid-in capital 338,577
 287,407
 389,547
 357,353
Distributions in excess of earnings (70,648) (61,166) (88,949) (82,699)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (1,981) (1,283)
Total stockholders’ equity 268,417
 226,690
 299,140
 273,871
Noncontrolling interests 188,553
 193,593
 178,546
 182,019
Total Equity 456,970
 420,283
 477,686
 455,890
Total Liabilities and Equity $1,132,371
 $1,043,123
 $1,359,254
 $1,265,382

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ARMADA HOFFLER PROPERTIES, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income 

(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
 Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 2018 2017 2018 2017 2019 2018
Revenues            
Rental revenues $28,598
 $26,755
 $57,297
 $53,987
 $30,909
 $28,699
General contracting and real estate services revenues 20,654
 56,671
 43,704
 120,190
 17,036
 23,050
Total revenues 49,252
 83,426
 101,001
 174,177
 47,945
 51,749
        
Expenses            
Rental expenses 6,522
 6,171
 12,946
 12,239
 6,725
 6,424
Real estate taxes 2,735
 2,595
 5,548
 5,104
 3,128
 2,813
General contracting and real estate services expenses 20,087
 54,015
 42,501
 115,211
 16,286
 22,414
Depreciation and amortization 9,179
 9,304
 18,457
 18,779
 9,904
 9,278
General and administrative expenses 2,764
 2,678
 5,725
 5,664
 3,401
 2,961
Acquisition, development and other pursuit costs 9
 369
 93
 416
 400
 84
Impairment charges 98
 27
 98
 31
Total expenses 41,394
 75,159
 85,368
 157,444
 39,844
 43,974
Operating income 7,858
 8,267
 15,633
 16,733
 8,101
 7,775
Interest income 2,375
 1,658
 4,607
 3,056
 5,319
 2,232
Interest expense (4,497) (4,494) (8,870) (9,029) (5,886) (4,373)
Gain on real estate dispositions 
 
 
 3,395
Equity in income of unconsolidated real estate entities 273
 
Change in fair value of interest rate derivatives (11) (81) 958
 213
 (1,463) 969
Other income 54
 43
 168
 80
 60
 114
Income before taxes 5,779
 5,393
 12,496
 14,448
 6,404
 6,717
Income tax benefit (provision) 166
 (450) 432
 (752)
Income tax benefit 110
 266
Net income 5,945
 4,943
 12,928
 13,696
 6,514
 6,983
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (1,626) (1,472) (3,569) (4,289) (1,630) (1,943)
Net income attributable to stockholders $4,319
 $3,471
 $9,359
 $9,407
 $4,884
 $5,040
Net income attributable to stockholders per share (basic and diluted) $0.09
 $0.08
 $0.21
 $0.24
 $0.10
 $0.11
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (basic and diluted) 45,928
 42,091
 45,532
 39,869
 50,926
 45,132
Dividends and distributions declared per common share and unit $0.20
 $0.19
 $0.40
 $0.38
Comprehensive income:  
  
Net income $6,514
 $6,983
Unrealized cash flow hedge losses (1,003) 
Realized cash flow hedge losses reclassified to net income 72
 
Comprehensive income 5,583
 6,983
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests (1,397) (1,943)
Comprehensive income attributable to stockholders $4,186
 $5,040

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ARMADA HOFFLER PROPERTIES, INC.
Condensed Consolidated StatementStatements of Equity
 
(In thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
 
 Shares of common stock Common Stock Additional paid-in capital Distributions in excess of earnings Total stockholders' equity Noncontrolling interests Total Equity Shares of common stock Common Stock Additional paid-in capital Distributions in excess of earnings Accumulated other comprehensive loss Total stockholders' equity Noncontrolling interests Total Equity
Balance, January 1, 2018 44,937,763
 $449
 $287,407
 $(61,166) $226,690
 $193,593
 $420,283
Balance, December 31, 2018 50,013,731
 $500
 $357,353
 $(82,699) $(1,283) $273,871
 $182,019
 $455,890
Cumulative effect of accounting change(1)
 
 
 
 (125) 
 (125) (42) (167)
Net income 
 
 
 9,359
 9,359
 3,569
 12,928
 
 
 
 4,884
 
 4,884
 1,630
 6,514
Unrealized cash flow hedge losses 
 
 
 
 (752) (752) (251) (1,003)
Realized cash flow hedge losses reclassified to net income 
 
 
 
 54
 54
 18
 72
Net proceeds from sales of common stock 3,542,178
 35
 48,946
 
 48,981
 
 48,981
 2,071,000
 21
 30,185
 
 
 30,206
 
 30,206
Restricted stock awards, net of tax withholding 126,050
 2
 902
 
 904
 
 904
 124,013
 1
 754
 
 
 755
 
 755
Restricted stock award forfeitures (628) 
 (4) 
 (4) 
 (4) (412) 
 (4) 
 
 (4) 
 (4)
Issuance of operating partnership units for acquisitions 
 
 (5) 
 (5) 2,201
 2,196
Redemption of operating partnership units 163,000
 2
 1,331
 
 1,333
 (3,864) (2,531) 118,471
 1
 1,259
 
 
 1,260
 (1,260) 
Dividends and distributions declared 
 
 
 (18,841) (18,841) (6,946) (25,787)
Balance, June 30, 2018 48,768,363
 $488
 $338,577
 $(70,648) $268,417
 $188,553
 $456,970
Dividends and distributions declared ($0.21 per share and unit) 
 
 
 (11,009) 
 (11,009) (3,568) (14,577)
Balance, March 31, 2019 52,326,803
 $523
 $389,547
 $(88,949) $(1,981) $299,140
 $178,546
 $477,686

(1) Company recorded cumulative effect adjustments related to the new lease standard in the first quarter of 2019. See "Financial Statements — Note 2 — Significant Accounting Policies — Recent Accounting Pronouncements” for additional information.

  Shares of common stock Common Stock Additional paid-in capital Distributions in excess of earnings Accumulated other comprehensive loss Total stockholders' equity Noncontrolling interests Total Equity
Balance, December 31, 2017 44,937,763
 $449
 $287,407
 $(61,166) $
 $226,690
 $193,593
 $420,283
Net income 
 
 
 5,040
 
 5,040
 1,943
 6,983
Restricted stock awards, net of tax withholding 105,362
 1
 499
 
 
 500
 
 500
Restricted stock award forfeitures (550) 
 (4) 
 
 (4) 
 (4)
Issuance of operating partnership units for acquisitions 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,696
 1,696
Redemption of operating partnership units 163,000
 2
 1,797
 
 
 1,799
 (1,804) (5)
Dividends and distributions declared ($0.20 per share and unit) 
 
 
 (9,064) 
 (9,064) (3,488) (12,552)
Balance, March 31, 2018 45,205,575
 $452
 $289,699
 $(65,190) $
 $224,961
 $191,940
 $416,901

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ARMADA HOFFLER PROPERTIES, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
  Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
  2018 2017
OPERATING ACTIVITIES    
Net income $12,928
 $13,696
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:    
Depreciation of buildings and tenant improvements 13,540
 12,930
Amortization of leasing costs and in-place lease intangibles 4,917
 5,849
Accrued straight-line rental revenue (1,029) (640)
Amortization of leasing incentives and above or below-market rents (141) (90)
Accrued straight-line ground rent expense 136
 273
Bad debt expense 112
 166
Noncash stock compensation 820
 832
Impairment charges 98
 31
Noncash interest expense 557
 560
Gain on real estate dispositions 
 (3,395)
Change in the fair value of interest rate derivatives (958) (213)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:    
Property assets (2,505) (1,009)
Property liabilities (1,973) (2,489)
Construction assets 4,443
 (6,495)
Construction liabilities (15,081) 21
Interest receivable (4,604) (3,053)
Net cash provided by operating activities 11,260
 16,974
INVESTING ACTIVITIES    
Development of real estate investments (57,741) (14,997)
Tenant and building improvements (5,599) (4,338)
Acquisitions of real estate investments, net of cash received (32,967) (6,767)
Dispositions of real estate investments 4,271
 4,441
Notes receivable issuances (5,816) (10,783)
Leasing costs (2,060) (807)
Leasing incentives (79) (2)
Contributions to equity method investments (3,127) (715)
Net cash used for investing activities (103,118) (33,968)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES    
Proceeds from sales of common stock 49,730
 96,044
Offering costs (749) (4,663)
Common shares tendered for tax withholding (343) (289)
Debt issuances, credit facility and construction loan borrowings 147,248
 73,906
Debt and credit facility repayments, including principal amortization (84,277) (130,674)
Debt issuance costs (381) (471)
Redemption of operating partnership units (2,531) (229)
Dividends and distributions (24,337) (20,097)
Net cash provided by financing activities 84,360
 13,527
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (7,498) (3,467)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period 22,916
 25,193
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period $15,418
 $21,726
Supplemental Disclosures (noncash transactions):    
Increase in dividends payable $1,450
 $1,973
Increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities for capital expenditures $6,692
 $4,608
Issuance of operating partnership units for acquisitions

 $1,702
 $982
Operating Partnership units redeemed for common shares $1,804
 $
Redeemable noncontrolling interest from development $
 $2,000
Deferred payment for land acquisition $
 $600
  Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
  2019 2018
OPERATING ACTIVITIES    
Net income $6,514
 $6,983
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:    
Depreciation of buildings and tenant improvements 7,743
 6,773
Amortization of leasing costs and in-place lease intangibles 2,161
 2,505
Accrued straight-line rental revenue (837) (562)
Amortization of leasing incentives and above or below-market rents (35) (56)
Accrued straight-line ground rent expense (3) 84
Adjustment for uncollectable accounts 128
 52
Noncash stock compensation 689
 549
Noncash interest expense 304
 326
Adjustment for Annapolis Junction purchase option (1)
 (1,118) 
Change in fair value of interest rate derivatives 1,463
 (969)
Equity in income of unconsolidated real estate entities (273) 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:    
Property assets 2,591
 1,771
Property liabilities (139) (3,484)
Construction assets (502) 3,482
Construction liabilities 579
 (11,183)
Interest receivable (3,186) (2,221)
Net cash provided by operating activities 16,079
 4,050
INVESTING ACTIVITIES    
Development of real estate investments (41,296) (26,438)
Tenant and building improvements (3,629) (2,246)
Acquisitions of real estate investments, net of cash received (25,792) (33,368)
Notes receivable issuances (9,668) (3,386)
Notes receivable paydowns 1,692
 
Leasing costs (575) (680)
Contributions to equity method investments (535) (1,410)
Net cash used for investing activities (79,803) (67,528)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES    
Proceeds from sales of common stock 30,609
 
Offering costs (403) 
Common shares tendered for tax withholding (344) (343)
Debt issuances, credit facility and construction loan borrowings 100,327
 111,498
Debt and credit facility repayments, including principal amortization (57,690) (39,273)
Debt issuance costs (420) (201)
Redemption of operating partnership units 
 (5)
Dividends and distributions (13,447) (11,808)
Net cash provided by financing activities 58,632
 59,868
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (5,092) (3,610)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period 24,051
 22,916
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period (2)
 $18,959
 $19,306

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ARMADA HOFFLER PROPERTIES, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Continued)
(In thousands)(Unaudited)
  Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
  2019 2018
Supplemental Disclosures (noncash transactions):    
Increase in dividends payable $1,130
 $744
Decrease in accrued capital improvements and development costs (7,609) (4,434)
Issuance of operating partnership units for acquisitions 
 1,702
Operating Partnership units redeemed for common shares 1,260
 1,804
Equity method investment redeemed for real estate acquisition 23,011
 

(1) See the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. Borrower paid $5.0 million in exchange for the Company's purchase option. Recognition of income was initially deferrred and is being recognized as additional interest income on the note receivable over the one-year remaining term.
(2) The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands):
  March 31, 2019 March 31, 2018
Cash and cash equivalents $15,577
 $15,804
Restricted cash (3)
 3,382
 3,502
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash $18,959
 $19,306

(3) Restricted cash represents amounts held by lenders for real estate taxes, insurance, and reserves for capital improvements.

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.


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ARMADA HOFFLER PROPERTIES, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
 
(Unaudited)
 
1. Business of Organization
 
Armada Hoffler Properties, Inc. (the “Company”"Company") is a full service real estate company with extensive experience developing, building, owning, and managing high-quality, institutional-grade office, retail, and multifamily properties in attractive markets primarily throughout the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern United States.

The Company is a real estate investment trust ("REIT"), the sole general partner of Armada Hoffler, L.P. (the “Operating Partnership”"Operating Partnership"), and, as of June 30, 2018March 31, 2019, owned 73.8%75.5% of the economic interest in the Operating Partnership, of which 0.1% is held as general partnership units. The operations of the Company are carried on primarily through the Operating Partnership and the wholly owned subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership.
 
As of June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, the Company's property portfolio consisted of 4948 operating properties and 811 properties either under development properties.or not yet stabilized.

Refer to Note 45 for information related to the Company's recent acquisitions and dispositions of operating properties.

Refer to Note 5 for information related to the Company’s investment in Durham City Center II, LLC, which is an unconsolidated subsidiary that the Company accounts for using the equity method of accounting.

Subsequent to June 30, 2018

On July 2, 2018, the Company entered into a ground lease for a land parcel at Wills Wharf, located at the Harbor Point area in Baltimore, Maryland. The Company plans to develop a mixed-use building on the site.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
Basis of Presentation
 
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”("GAAP").
 
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial position and results of operations of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries.subsidiaries, including the Operating Partnership, its wholly-owned subsidiaries, and any interests in variable interest entities ("VIEs") where the Company has been determined to be the primary beneficiary. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
 
In the opinion of management, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, which are necessary for the fair presentation of the financial condition and results of operations for the interim periods presented.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with the requirements for interim financial information. Accordingly, these interim financial statements have not been audited and exclude certain disclosures required for annual financial statements. Also, the operating results presented for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the entire year. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.2018.
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed. Such estimates are based on management’s historical experience and best judgment after considering past, current, and expected events and economic conditions. Actual results could differ significantly from management’s estimates.

Reclassifications

As discussed below, certain amounts previously reported in the consolidated financial statements have been reclassified in the accompanying consolidated financial statements to conform to the current period's presentation.

During the second quarter of 2018, the Company identified certain immaterial classification errors on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and has determined that, in thisthe Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 and future periodic reports, the Company would correct these classification errors. One classification error

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periodic reports, the Company will correct these classification errors. One classification error will bewas corrected by including within the changes in operating assets and liabilities in the operating activities section a new line item for "Interest receivable." A corresponding adjustment will bewas recorded to reduce the amount of "Notes receivable issuances" within investing activities on the statementConsolidated Statement of cash flows.Cash Flows. These reclassifications totaled $7.1 million, $3.2 million, and $0.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively, $2.2 million and $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $3.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017.2018. These reclassifications will decreasedecreased "Net cash provided by operating activities" and "Net cash used for investing activities" by an equal and offsetting amount. These reclassifications willdid not have any impact on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, Consolidated StatementStatements of Equity, or any other operating measure for the periods affected.

These amounts were previously presented as "Notes receivable issuances," a component of net cash used for investing activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, resulting in overstatements in cash provided by operating activities and overstatements of cash used in investing activities. These amounts represent interest earned on mezzanine loans that were funded by the interest reserve accountsadditional borrowings as provided for in the mezzanine loan agreements. These amounts are now classified as changes in interest receivable, a non-cash adjustment to calculate net cash provided by operating activities.

The second classification error will bewas corrected by including within financing activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows a new line item for “Common"Common shares tendered for tax withholding." A corresponding adjustment will bewas recorded to the "Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Property liabilities" within operating activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. This reclassification totaled $0.3 million $0.2 million, and $0.3 million during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively, $0.3 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $0.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017. These reclassifications will increase “Net2018. This reclassification increased "Net cash provided by operating activities”activities" and decrease “Netdecreased "Net cash provided by financing activities”activities" by an equal and offsetting amount.
 
SignificantRecent Accounting PoliciesPronouncements

General Contracting and Real Estate Services RevenuesLeases

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the new accounting standard codified in Accounting Standards Codification 606 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (see also "Recent Accounting Pronouncements" below). The Company recognizes general contracting revenues as a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. For each construction contract, the Company identifies the performance obligations, which typically include the delivery of a single building constructed according to the specifications of the contract. The Company estimates the total transaction price, which generally includes a fixed contract price and may also include variable components such as early completion bonuses, liquidated damages, or cost savings to be shared with the customer. Variable components of the contract price are included in the transaction price to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur. The Company recognizes the estimated transaction price as revenue as it satisfies its performance obligations, and the Company estimates its progress in satisfying performance obligations for each contract using the percentage-of-completion method, based on the proportion of incurred costs to total estimated construction costs at completion. Construction contract costs include all direct material, direct labor, subcontract costs, and overhead costs directly related to contract performance. Changes in job performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability, including those arising from contract penalty provisions and final contract settlements, are all significant judgments that may result in revisions to costs and income and are recognized in the period in which they are determined. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are recognized immediately in the period in which such losses are determined. The Company defers pre-contract costs when such costs are directly associated with specific anticipated contracts and their recovery is probable.
The Company recognizes real estate services revenues from property development and management services as it satisfies its performance obligations under these service arrangements.

The Company assesses whether multiple contracts with a single counterparty should be combined into a single contract for revenue recognition purposes based on factors such as the timing of the negotiation and execution of the contracts and whether the economic substance of the contracts was contemplated separately or in tandem.

See the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 for a description of other accounting principles upon which basis the accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared.

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements
On May 28, 2014,February 25, 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued a new standard that provides a single, comprehensive model for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers. While the new standard does not supersede the guidance on accounting for leases, it changes the way the Company recognizes revenue from construction and development contracts with third party customers. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method, applying this standard to all contracts not yet completed as of that date. In applying the standard to the Company’s future construction contracts, certain pre-contract costs incurred by the Company are now deferred and amortized over the period during which construction obligations are fulfilled. Previously, these costs were immediately recorded as general contracting expenses upon commencement of construction, with the corresponding general contracting revenue also recorded. Applying the standard to the Company’s uncompleted contracts as of January 1, 2018 did not result in material differences to these contracts in aggregate, and no cumulative adjustment to distributions in excess of earnings was recorded as of January 1, 2018.
On February 25, 2016, the FASB issued a new lease standardan Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") that requires lessees to recognize most leases inon their balance sheets as lease liabilities with corresponding right-of-use assets.assets (ASU 2016-02—Leases (Topic 842)). The new standard also makes targeted changes to lessor accounting. The Company adopted the new standard will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2019, and requires ausing the modified retrospective transition approach for all leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented with an optionas permitted in Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 842.

In addition, the Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which allowed the Company to use certain transition relief. Management is currently evaluatingnot reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, not reassess the potential impactlease classification for any expired or existing leases, and not reassess initial direct costs for existing leases. As of March 31, 2019, Company does not have any leases classified as finance leases. The Company also elected a practical expedient that allowed it to not separate non-lease components from lease components and instead to account for each lease and non-lease component as a single lease component. The adoption of the new standard as of January 1, 2019 did not impact the Company's consolidated results of operations and had no impact on cash flows.

As a lessee, the Company’s consolidated financial statements.Company has six ground leases on five properties with initial terms that range from 20 to 65 years and options to extend up to an additional 70 years in certain cases. The exercise of lease renewal options is at the Company's sole discretion. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term. The Company isrecognizes lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lessee on certainlease term. The Company's lease agreements do not contain any residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

The long-term ground leases and equipment leases, which representsrepresent a majority of the Company's current operating lease payments, and expects to recordpayments. The Company recorded right-of-use assets totaling $32.2 million and lease liabilities for these leases under the new standard.
In 2016, the FASB issued new guidance that addresses eight classification issues related to the statement of cash flows and requires the presentation of total changes in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows.totaling $41.4 million upon adopting this standard on January 1, 2019. The Company adopted this new guidanceutilized a weighted average discount rate of 5.4% to measure its lease liabilities upon adoption.

As a lessor, the Company leases its properties under operating leases and recognizes base rents on December 31, 2017, applying it retrospectively to each period presented.a straight-line basis over the lease term. The new guidance requires thatCompany also recognizes revenue from tenant recoveries, through which tenants reimburse the statementCompany on an accrual basis for certain expenses such as utilities, janitorial services, repairs and maintenance, security and alarms, parking lot and ground maintenance, administrative services, management fees, insurance, and real estate taxes. Rental revenues are reduced by the amount of cash flows show changes in restricted cash in addition to changes in cash and cash equivalents. No additional changes were required to be made toany leasing incentives amortized on a straight-line basis over the Company's consolidated statements of cash flows as a resultterm of the new guidance. The following table sets forthapplicable lease. In addition, the items fromCompany recognizes contingent rental revenue (e.g., percentage rents based on tenant sales thresholds) when the Company's consolidated balance sheets thatsales thresholds are included in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash in the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):
 Balance as of
 June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 June 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Cash and cash equivalents$12,279
 $19,959
 $18,587
 $21,942
Restricted cash3,139
 2,957
 3,139
 3,251
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash$15,418
 $22,916
 $21,726
 $25,193

met. Many tenant leases include one or more options to renew, with

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renewal terms that can extend the lease term from one to 15 years or more. The following table summarizesexercise of lease renewal options is at the changes made to net cash provided by operating activities, net cash used for investing activities, and net cash provided by financing activitiestenant's sole discretion. The Company includes a renewal period in the consolidated statementlease term only if it appears at lease inception that the renewal is reasonably assured.

The new standard includes new considerations regarding the recognition of cash flowsrental revenue when collection is not probable. The Company changed its presentation and measurement of charges for uncollectable lease revenue associated with its office, retail, and residential leasing activity, reflecting those amounts as a component of rental income on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the sixthree months ended June 30, 2017March 31, 2019. However, in accordance with its prospective adoption of the standard, the Company did not adjust the prior year period presentation of charges for uncollectable lease revenue associated with its office, retail, and residential leasing activity as a component of operating expenses, excluding property taxes, on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Instead, the Company recorded a combined adjustment of $0.2 million to the opening balances for distributions in excess of earnings and noncontrolling interest relating to receivables where collection of substantially all operating lease payments was not probable as of January 1, 2019.

Lease-related receivables, which include contractual amounts accrued and unpaid from tenants and accrued straight-line rents receivable, are reduced for credit losses. Such amounts are recognized as a reduction to real estate rental revenues. The Company evaluates the collectability of lease receivables using several factors, including a lessee’s creditworthiness. The Company recognizes a credit loss on lease-related receivables when, in the opinion of management, collection of substantially all lease payments is not probable. When collectability is determined not probable, any lease income subsequent to recognizing the credit loss is limited to the lesser of the lease income reflected on a retrospectivestraight-line basis (in thousands) as a result of the new guidance as well as the reclassification adjustments described in the "Reclassifications" section above:
 Six months ended
 June 30, 2017
Operating activities as originally presented$19,886
Adjustment relating to restricted cash(148)
Adjustment for shares tendered for tax withholding289
Adjustment relating to interest income presentation(3,053)
Operating activities after adjustments$16,974
  
Investing activities as originally presented$(37,057)
Adjustment relating to restricted cash36
Adjustment relating to interest income presentation3,053
Investing activities after adjustments$(33,968)
  
Financing activities as originally presented$13,816
Adjustment for shares tendered for tax withholding(289)
Financing activities after adjustments$13,527
or cash collected.

On February 22, 2017,Credit losses

In June 2016, the FASB issued new guidance that clarifies the scope and applicationASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses - Measurement of guidanceCredit Losses on sales or transfers of nonfinancialFinancial Instruments (Topic 326). ASU 2016-13 significantly changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income.  The guidance will replace the "incurred loss" approach under existing guidance with an "expected loss" model for instruments measured at amortized cost such as our notes receivable. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and is to be adopted through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in substance nonfinancial assets to customers, including partial sales. The newwhich the guidance applies to all nonfinancial assets, including real estate, and defines an in substance nonfinancial asset. Theis effective. While the Company adoptedis currently evaluating the new guidance on January 1, 2018, and it did notimpact ASU 2016-13 will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.statements, the Company expects that the adoption could result in earlier recognition of a provision for loan losses on its notes receivable.

On August 28, 2017,Other Accounting Policies

See the FASB issued new guidance that simplifies some ofCompany's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the requirements relating to accounting for derivatives and hedging. The new guidance eliminates the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectivenessyear ended December 31, 2018 for a highly effective hedge and also simplifies certain documentation and assessment requirements relating todescription of other accounting principles upon which basis the determination of hedge effectiveness. The new guidance will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. As of June 30, 2018, the Company does not currently have any derivatives designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes but may designate new derivative contracts as hedging instruments in the future. The application of this guidance to future hedging relationships could reduce or eliminate the gains and losses that would otherwise be recorded for these derivative instruments.accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared.

3. Segments
 
Net operating income (segment revenues minus segment expenses) is the measure used by the Company’s chief operating decision-maker to assess segment performance. Net operating income is not a measure of operating income or cash flows from operating activities as measured by GAAP and is not indicative of cash available to fund cash needs. As a result, net operating income should not be considered an alternative to cash flows as a measure of liquidity. Not all companies calculate net operating income in the same manner. The Company considers net operating income to be an appropriate supplemental measure to net income because it assists both investors and management in understanding the core operations of the Company’s real estate, construction, and constructionlending businesses.

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Net operating income of the Company’s reportable segments for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018 and 2017 was as follows (in thousands): 
 Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 2018 2017 2018 2017 2019 2018
 (Unaudited) (Unaudited)
Office real estate            
Rental revenues $5,288
 $4,759
 $10,388
 $9,665
 $5,556
 $5,100
Rental expenses 1,430
 1,366
 2,876
 2,692
 1,486
 1,446
Real estate taxes 502
 450
 1,004
 900
 526
 502
Segment net operating income 3,356
 2,943
 6,508
 6,073
 3,544
 3,152
Retail real estate            
Rental revenues 16,608
 15,578
 33,319
 31,209
 17,257
 16,711
Rental expenses 2,563
 2,479
 5,220
 4,999
 2,600
 2,657
Real estate taxes 1,656
 1,520
 3,339
 2,969
 1,811
 1,683
Segment net operating income 12,389
 11,579
 24,760
 23,241
 12,846
 12,371
Multifamily residential real estate            
Rental revenues 6,702
 6,418
 13,590
 13,113
 8,096
 6,888
Rental expenses 2,529
 2,326
 4,850
 4,548
 2,639
 2,321
Real estate taxes 577
 625
 1,205
 1,235
 791
 628
Segment net operating income 3,596
 3,467
 7,535
 7,330
 4,666
 3,939
General contracting and real estate services            
Segment revenues 20,654
 56,671
 43,704
 120,190
 17,036
 23,050
Segment expenses 20,087
 54,015
 42,501
 115,211
 16,286
 22,414
Segment gross profit 567
 2,656
 1,203
 4,979
 750
 636
Net operating income $19,908
 $20,645
 $40,006
 $41,623
 $21,806
 $20,098
 
Rental expenses represent costs directly associated with the operation and management of the Company’s real estate properties. Rental expenses include asset management fees, property management fees, repairs and maintenance, insurance, and utilities.

General contracting and real estate services revenues for the three months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018 and 2017 exclude revenue related to intercompany construction contracts of $34.2$30.2 million and $11.6 million, respectively. General contracting and real estate services revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 exclude revenue related to intercompany construction contracts of $60.1 million and $17.5$25.9 million, respectively.

General contracting and real estate services expenses for the three months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018 and 2017 exclude expenses related to intercompany construction contracts of $33.9$29.9 million and $11.6 million, respectively. General contracting and real estate services expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 exclude expenses related to intercompany construction contracts of $59.5 million and $17.3$25.6 million, respectively.

General contracting and real estate services expenses for the three months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018 and 2017 include noncash stock compensation expense of less than $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively. General contracting and real estate services expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 include noncash stock compensation expense of $0.2 million and $0.4$0.1 million, respectively.



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The following table reconciles net operating income to net income, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018 and 2017 (in thousands): 
 Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 2018 2017 2018 2017 2019 2018
 (Unaudited) (Unaudited)
Net operating income $19,908
 $20,645
 $40,006
 $41,623
 $21,806
 $20,098
Depreciation and amortization (9,179) (9,304) (18,457) (18,779) (9,904) (9,278)
General and administrative expenses (2,764) (2,678) (5,725) (5,664) (3,401) (2,961)
Acquisition, development and other pursuit costs (9) (369) (93) (416)
Impairment charges (98) (27) (98) (31)
Acquisition, development, and other pursuit costs (400) (84)
Interest income 2,375
 1,658
 4,607
 3,056
 5,319
 2,232
Interest expense (4,497) (4,494) (8,870) (9,029) (5,886) (4,373)
Gain on real estate dispositions 
 
 
 3,395
Equity in income of unconsolidated real estate entities 273
 
Change in fair value of interest rate derivatives (11) (81) 958
 213
 (1,463) 969
Other income 54
 43
 168
 80
 60
 114
Income tax (provision) benefit 166
 (450) 432
 (752)
Income tax benefit 110
 266
Net income $5,945
 $4,943
 $12,928
 $13,696
 $6,514
 $6,983
 
General and administrative expenses represent costs not directly associated with the operation and management of the Company’s real estate properties and general contracting and real estate services businesses. General and administrative expenses include corporate office personnel salaries and benefits, bank fees, accounting fees, legal fees and other corporate office expenses. General and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018 and 2017 include noncash stock compensation expense of $0.2$0.5 million and $0.2 million, respectively. General and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 include noncash stock compensation expense of $0.7 million and $0.6$0.5 million, respectively.

4. Leases

Lessee Disclosures

Operating lease cost and cash flow for the Company's operating leases for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows (in thousands):
  Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
  (Unaudited)
Operating lease cost $563
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities (operating cash flow) 500

Additional information related to leases as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows (in thousands):
  March 31, 2019
  (Unaudited)
Operating Leases  
Lease right-of-use assets $32,242
Lease liabilities 41,697
   
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (years)  
Operating leases 45.90
Weighted Average Discount Rate  
Operating leases 5.4%


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Maturities of lease liabilities as of March 31, 2019 were as follows (in thousands):
Year Ending December 31, Operating Leases
2019 (excluding three months ended March 31, 2019) $1,580
2020 2,287
2021 2,296
2022 2,361
2023 2,400
Thereafter 105,961
Total lease liabilities $116,885
Less imputed interest (75,188)
Present value of lease liabilities $41,697

Lessor Disclosures

Rental revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 comprised the following (in thousands):
  Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
  (Unaudited)
Base rent and tenant charges $29,925
Accrued straight-line rental adjustment 961
Lease incentive amortization (184)
Above/below market lease amortization 207
Total rental revenue $30,909

The Company's commercial tenant leases provide for minimum rental payments during each of the next five years and thereafter as follows (in thousands):
Year Ending December 31, Operating Leases
2019 (excluding three months ended March 31, 2019) $82,018
2020 76,045
2021 69,142
2022 62,498
2023 54,208
Thereafter 255,791
Total $599,702

5. Real Estate Investment
 
Property Acquisitions
 
On January 9, 2018,February 6, 2019, the Company acquired Indian Lakes Crossing, a Harris Teeter-anchored shopping centeran additional outparcel phase of Wendover Village in Virginia Beach, Virginia,Greensboro, North Carolina for a contract price of $14.7$2.7 million plus capitalized acquisition costs of $0.2$0.1 million. This phase is leased by a single tenant.

On January 29, 2018,March 14, 2019, the Company acquired Parkway Centre,the office and retail portions of the One City Center project in exchange for a newly developed Publix-anchored shopping center in Moultrie, Georgia for total considerationredemption of $11.3 million (comprised of $9.6 million in cash and $1.7 millionits 37% equity ownership in the formjoint venture with Austin Lawrence Partners, which totaled $23.0 million as of Class A unitsthe acquisition date, and a cash payment of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership ("Class A Units")) plus$22.9 million. The Company also incurred capitalized acquisition costs of $0.3$0.1 million. The Company obtained a new loan in the amount of $25.6 million in conjunction with this acquisition, which may be increased to $27.6 million subject to certain conditions.


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The following table summarizes the purchase price allocation (including acquisition costs) based on relative fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the two operating properties purchased during the sixthree months ended June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 (in thousands):
 Indian Lakes Crossing Parkway Centre Wendover Village additional outparcel One City Center
Land $10,926
 $1,372
 $1,633
 $2,678
Site improvements 531
 696
 50
 163
Building and improvements 1,913
 7,168
 888
 28,039
In-place leases 1,648
 2,346
 101
 15,140
Above-market leases 11
 
 111
 
Below-market leases (175) (10)
Net assets acquired $14,854
 $11,572
 $2,783
 $46,020

Subsequent to March 31, 2019

On November 30, 2017,April 1, 2019, the Company sold Waynesboro Commons for a sale price of $1.1 million. This property was classified as held for sale as of March 31, 2019.

On April 25, 2019, the Company exercised its option to purchase 79% of the partnership that owns 1405 Point in exchange for extinguishing its note receivable on the project and making a cash payment of $0.3 million. The project is subject to a loan payable of $64.9 million. The Company has also guaranteed payment on a portion of the loan payable. See Note 15 for additional discussion.

On April 29, 2019, the Company entered into contribution agreements with Venture Realty Group to acquire Red Mill Commons and Marketplace at Hilltop for consideration comprised of 4.1 million Class A Units (as defined below), the assumption of $36.0 million of mortgage debt, and $5.0 million in cash. The consideration to be paid was determined based on an estimated transaction price of $105.0 million. In connection with the acquisition, the Company and the Operating Partnership expect to enter into a leasetax protection agreement with Bottling Group, LLCthe contributors pursuant to which such parties will agree, subject to certain exceptions, to indemnify the contributors for up to 10 years against certain tax liabilities incurred by them, if such liabilities result from a new distribution facility thattransaction involving a direct or indirect taxable disposition of either or both of these properties or if the Company will developOperating Partnership fails to maintain and constructallocate to the sellers for expected delivery in the fourth quartertaxation purposes minimum levels of 2018. On January 29, 2018, the Company acquired undeveloped land in Chesterfield, Virginia, a portion of which will serve as the site for this facility, for a contract price of $2.4 million plus capitalized acquisition costs of $0.1 million.

On January 18, 2018, the Company entered into an operating agreement with a partner to develop a Lowes Foods-anchored shopping center in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina. The Company has a 70% ownership interest in the partnership. The partnership, Market at Mill Creek Partners, LLC acquired undeveloped land on February 16, 2018 for a contract price of $2.9 million plus capitalized acquisition costs of $0.1 million. The Company is responsible for funding the equity requirements of this development. As of June 30, 2018, the Company's investment in the project totaled $9.4 million. Management has concluded that this entity is a variable interest entity ("VIE") as it lacks sufficient equity to fund its operations without additional financial support. The Company is the developer of the shopping center and has the power to direct the activities of the project that most significantly impact its performance and is the party most closely associated with the project. Therefore, the Company is the project's primary beneficiary and consolidates the project in its consolidated financial statements.

On April 2, 2018, the Company acquired undeveloped land in Newport News, Virginia for less than $0.1 million. This land parcel is being used in the development of the Brooks Crossing office tower.

Property Disposition

On May 24, 2018, the Company completed the sale of the Wawa outparcel at Indian Lakes Crossing for a contract price of $4.4 million. There was no gain or loss on the disposition.Operating Partnership liabilities.

5.6. Equity Method Investment

One City Center

On February 25, 2016, the Company acquired a 37% interest in DurhamOne City Center, II, LLC (“City Center”)a joint venture with Austin Lawrence Partners, for purposes of developing a 22-story mixed use tower in Durham, North Carolina. During the sixthree months ended June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, the Company invested an additional $3.2$0.5 million in One City Center. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had invested $13.8 million and $10.9 million, respectively, in City Center, and the carrying value of the Company's investment was $14.5 million and $11.4 million, respectively. The Company has agreed to guarantee 37% of the construction loan for City Center; however, the loan is collateralized by 100% of the assets of City Center. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, $38.9 million and $29.2 million, respectively, had been drawn against the construction loan, of which $13.2 million and $11.2 million, respectively, was attributable to the Company's portion of the loan.
 
For the period from January 1, 2019 to March 13, 2019, One City Center had operating income of $0.3 million allocated to the Company. For the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2018, and 2017,One City Center did not have anyhad no operating activity, and therefore the Company did not receive any distributions orreceived no allocated income. 
 
Based on the terms of City Center’s operating agreement,On March 14, 2019, the Company has concluded thatacquired the office and retail portions of the One City Center isproject in exchange for its 37% equity ownership in the joint venture and a VIE and that the Company holds a variable interest. The Company does not have the power to direct the activitiescash payment of the project that most significantly impact its performance. Accordingly, the Company is not the project’s primary beneficiary and, therefore, does not consolidate City Center in its consolidated financial statements.$22.9 million. See Note 5 for additional discussion.


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6.7. Notes Receivable

The Company had the following mezzanine loansnotes receivable outstanding as of June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2017 (in2018 ($ in thousands):

 Outstanding loan amount Maximum loan commitment Interest rate Outstanding loan amount Maximum loan commitment Interest rate Interest compounding
Development Project June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017  March 31,
2019
 December 31, 2018 
1405 Point $25,633
 $22,444
 $28,232
 8.0% $30,939
 $30,238
 $31,032
 8.0% Monthly
The Residences at Annapolis Junction 45,230
 43,021
 48,105
 10.0% 36,667
 36,361
 48,105
 10.0% Monthly
North Decatur Square 15,134
 11,790
 25,712
 15.0% 19,159
 18,521
 29,673
 15.0% Annually
Delray Plaza 6,551
 5,379
 13,123
 15.0% 10,417
 7,032
 15,000
 15.0% Annually
Total $92,548
 $82,634
 $115,172
  
Nexton Square 13,644
 14,855
 17,000
 15.0% Monthly
Interlock Commercial 23,790
 18,269
 95,000
 15.0% None
Solis Apartments at Interlock 15,624
 13,821
 41,100
 13.0% Annually
Total mezzanine 150,240
 139,097
 $276,910
   
Other notes receivable 1,294
 1,275
     
Notes receivable guarantee premium 4,009
 2,800
     
Notes receivable discount, net (a)
 (3,371) (4,489)     
Total notes receivable $152,172
 $138,683
     

(a) Represents the remaining unamortized portion of the $5.0 million option purchase fee for The Residences at Annapolis Junction paid by the borrower in November 2018.

Interest on the mezzanine loans is accrued and funded utilizing the interest reserves for each loan, which are components of the respective maximum loan commitments, and such accrued interest is added to the loan receivable balances. The Company recognized interest income for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018 as follows (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended March 31, 
Development Project2019 2018 
1405 Point$610
 $453
 
The Residences at Annapolis Junction2,024
 1,084
(a)
North Decatur Square638
 461
 
Delray Plaza310
 223
 
Nexton Square510
 
 
Interlock Commercial743
 
 
Solis Apartments at Interlock463
 
 
Total mezzanine5,298
 2,221
 
Other interest income21
 11
 
Total interest income$5,319
 $2,232
 

(a) Includes amortization of the $5.0 million option purchase fee paid by the borrower in November 2018.

As of March 31, 2019 and 2017 as follows:December 31, 2018, there was no allowance for loan losses. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, there was no provision for loan losses recorded for any of the Company's notes receivable. The Company's management performs a quarterly analysis of the loan portfolio to determine if an impairment has occurred based on the progress of development activities, including leasing activities, projected development costs, and current and projected loan balances.

Delray Plaza

On January 8, 2019, the Delray Plaza loan was modified to increase the maximum amount of the loan to $15.0 million and increase the payment guarantee amount to $5.2 million.

13


  Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
Development Project 2018 2017 2018 2017
1405 Point $483
 $429
 $936
 $845
The Residences at Annapolis Junction 1,124
 1,016
 2,209
 1,997
North Decatur Square 531
 211
 992
 211
Delray Plaza 225
 
 448
 
Total $2,363
 $1,656
 $4,585
 $3,053
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1405 Point
Nexton Square

1405 Point (also known as Point Street Apartments) opened duringOn February 8, 2019, the first quarter of 2018.
The developer of 1405 Point securedNexton Square closed on a senior construction loan with a maximum borrowing capacity of up$25.2 million. The developer used proceeds from its original draw in part to $67.0repay $2.1 million to fundof the development andmezzanine loan. Upon the closing of this senior construction of 1405 Point on November 10, 2016. Theloan, the Company has agreed toentered into a payment guarantee $25.0for $12.6 million of the senior construction loanloan.

Subsequent to March 31, 2019

On April 25, 2019, the Company exercised its option to purchase 79% of the partnership that owns 1405 Point in exchange for extinguishing its note receivable on the optionproject and a cash payment of $0.3 million. The project is subject to purchase up to an 88% controlling interest in 1405 Point upon completiona loan payable of the project. The Company currently has a $2.1 million letter of credit for the guarantee of the senior construction loan.
The Residences at Annapolis Junction

The developer of The Residences at Annapolis Junction secured a senior construction loan of up to $60.0 million to fund the development and construction of Annapolis Junction's residential component on September 30, 2016.$64.9 million. The Company has agreed to guarantee up to $25.0 millionalso guaranteed payment on a portion of the senior construction loan in exchangepayable. See Note 15 for the option to purchase up to an 88% controlling interest in Annapolis Junction.

In July 2018, the Company entered into an agreement regarding the sale of its at-cost purchase option to the developer of The Residences at Annapolis Junction.additional information.

7.8. Construction Contracts

Construction contract costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings represent reimbursable costs and amounts earned under contracts in progress as of the balance sheet date. Such amounts become billable according to contract terms, which usually consider the passage of time, achievement of certain milestones or completion of the project. The Company expects to bill and collect substantially all construction contract costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings as of June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 during the next twelve months.  
 

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Billings in excess of construction contract costs and estimated earnings represent billings or collections on contracts made in advance of revenue recognized.

The following table summarizes the changes to the balances in the Company’s construction contract costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings account and the billings in excess of construction contract costs and estimated earnings account for the sixthree months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

 Construction contract costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings Billings in excess of construction contract costs and estimated earnings Three Months Ended 
 March 31, 2019
 Three Months Ended 
 March 31, 2018
Balance as of January 1, 2018 $245
 $3,591
 Construction contract costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings Billings in excess of construction contract costs and estimated earnings Construction contract costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings Billings in excess of construction contract costs and estimated earnings
Beginning balance $1,358
 $3,037
 $245
 $3,591
Revenue recognized that was included in the balance at the beginning of the period 
 (3,591) 
 (3,037) 
 (3,591)
Increases due to new billings, excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period 
 1,898
 
 3,859
 
 2,313
Transferred to receivables (245) 
 (1,358) 
 (245) 
Construction contract costs and estimated earnings not billed during the period 1,287
 
 17
 
 315
 
Changes due to cumulative catch-up adjustment arising from changes in the estimate of the stage of completion 
 (187) 300
 (237) 
 (78)
Balance as of June 30, 2018 $1,287
 $1,711
Ending balance $317
 $3,622
 $315
 $2,235

The Company defers pre-contract costs when such costs are directly associated with specific anticipated contracts and their recovery is probable. Pre-contract costs of $0.5$1.5 million and $0.6$1.4 million were deferred as of June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2017,2018, respectively. Amortization of pre-contract costs for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 totaled less than $0.1 million.
 
Construction receivables and payables include retentions, amounts that are generally withheld until the completion of the contract or the satisfaction of certain restrictive conditions such as fulfillment guarantees. As of June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2017,2018, construction receivables included retentions of $8.9$3.4 million and $9.9$8.5 million, respectively. The Company expects to collect substantially all construction receivables as of June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 during the next twelve months.

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As of June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2017,2018, construction payables included retentions of $17.4$18.0 million and $17.4$21.6 million, respectively. The Company expects to pay substantially all construction payables as of June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 during the next twelve months.

The Company’s net position on uncompleted construction contracts comprised the following as of June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 and December 31, 20172018 (in thousands):

 June 30,
2018
 December 31,
2017
Costs incurred on uncompleted construction contracts$562,879
 $520,368
Estimated earnings19,222
 18,070
Billings(582,525) (541,784)
Net position$(424) $(3,346)

 June 30,
2018
 December 31,
2017
Construction contract costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings$1,287
 $245
Billings in excess of construction contract costs and estimated earnings(1,711) (3,591)
Net position$(424) $(3,346)


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 March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
Costs incurred on uncompleted construction contracts$610,292
 $594,006
Estimated earnings21,100
 20,375
Billings(634,697) (616,060)
Net position$(3,305) $(1,679)
    
Construction contract costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings$317
 $1,358
Billings in excess of construction contract costs and estimated earnings(3,622) (3,037)
Net position$(3,305) $(1,679)

The Company’s balances and changes in construction contract price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations (backlog) as of June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows (in thousands):

 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, Three Months Ended March 31,
 2018 2017 2018 2017 2019 2018
Beginning backlog $30,733
 $157,722
 $49,167
 $217,718
 $165,863
 $49,167
New contracts/change orders 27,807
 15,519
 32,376
 18,960
 12,019
 4,569
Work performed (20,619) (56,584) (43,622) (120,021) (17,011) (23,003)
Ending backlog $37,921
 $116,657
 $37,921
 $116,657
 $160,871
 $30,733

The Company expects to complete a majority of the uncompleted contracts as of June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 during the next 12 to 18 months.
8.9. Indebtedness
 
Credit Facility
 
On October 26, 2017, the Operating Partnership entered into an amended and restated credit agreement (the “credit agreement”), which provides forThe Company has a $300.0 million senior credit facility that was modified on January 31, 2019 using the accordion feature to increase the maximum total commitments to $355.0 million, comprised of a $150.0 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the "revolving credit facility") and a $150.0$205.0 million senior unsecured term loan facility (the "term loan facility" and, together with the revolving credit facility, the "credit facility"), with a syndicate of banks.
 
The credit facility includes an accordion feature that allows the total commitments to be further increased to $450.0 million, subject to certain conditions, including obtaining commitments from any one or more lenders. The revolving credit facility has a scheduled maturity date of October 26, 2021, with two six-month extension options, subject to certain conditions, including payment of a 0.075% extension fee at each extension. The term loan facility has a scheduled maturity date of October 26, 2022.
 
On March 28, 2018, the Operating Partnership increased the maximum commitments under the credit facility to $330.0 million using the accordion feature, with an increase of the term loan facility to $180.0 million.

The revolving credit facility bears interest at LIBOR (the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate) plus a margin ranging from 1.40% to 2.00% and the term loan facility bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 1.35% to 1.95%, in each case depending on the Company's total leverage. The Company is also obligated to pay an unused commitment fee of 15 or 25 basis points on the unused portions of the commitments under the revolving credit facility, depending on the amount of borrowings under the credit facility.

As of June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2017,2018, the outstanding balance on the revolving credit facility was $83.0$91.0 million and $66.0$126.0 million, respectively, and the outstanding balance on the term loan facility was $180.0$205.0 million and $150.0$180.0 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, the effective interest rates on the revolving credit facility and the term loan facility were 3.84%4.04% and 3.79%3.99%, respectively. The Company may, at any time, voluntarily prepay any loan under the credit facility in whole or in part without premium or penalty.

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The Operating Partnership is the borrower under the credit facility, and its obligations under the credit facility are guaranteed by the Company and certain of its subsidiaries that are not otherwise prohibited from providing such guaranty. The credit agreement contains customary representations and warranties and financial and other affirmative and negative covenants. The Company's ability to borrow under the credit facility is subject to ongoing compliance with a number of financial covenants, affirmative covenants, and other restrictions. The credit agreement includes customary events of default, in certain cases subject to customary cure periods. The occurrence of an event of default, if not cured within the applicable cure period, would permit the lenders to, among other things, declare the unpaid principal, accrued and unpaid interest, and all other amounts payable under the credit facility to be immediately due and payable.

The Company is currently in compliance with all covenants under the credit agreement.


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Subsequent to March 31, 2019

Subsequent to June 30, 2018

In July 2018, the Company increased itsOn May 6, 2019, borrowings under the revolving credit facility by $20.0totaled $116.3 million.

Other 2019 Financing Activity
 
On January 22, 2018,31, 2019, the Company extended and modified the Sandbridge Commons note. The note bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread of 1.75% and will mature on January 17, 2023.paid off North Point Center Note 1.

On March 27, 2018,11, 2019, the Company paid off Columbus Village Note 1 and Columbus Village Note 2 in full for an aggregate amountreceived $7.4 million of $8.3 million.additional funding on the loan secured by Lightfoot Marketplace.

On May 31, 2018,March 14, 2019, the Company modifiedobtained a loan secured by One City Center in the Southgate Square note. The principal amount of $25.6 million in conjunction with the note wasacquisition of this property. This loan may be increased to $22$27.6 million and the note now bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread of 1.60%. This note will still mature on April 29, 2021.subject to certain conditions.

On June 1, 2018, the Company entered into a $16.3 million construction loan for the River City industrial development project in Chesterfield, Virginia. The loan bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread of 1.50%1.85% and will mature on May 31, 2019.

On June 14, 2018, the Company extended and modified the note secured by 249 Central Park Retail, Fountain Plaza Retail, and South Retail. The principal amount of the note was increased to $35.0 million. The note bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread of 1.60% and will mature on August 10, 2023.

On June 29, 2018, the Company entered into a $15.6 million construction loan for the Brooks Crossing office tower development project. The loan bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread of 1.60% and will mature on JulyApril 1, 2025.2024.

During the sixthree months ended June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, the Company borrowed $24.4$31.1 million under its existing construction loans to fund new development and construction.

Subsequent to June 30, 2018March 31, 2019

On July 12, 2018,April 25, 2019, the Company entered intoexercised its option to purchase 79% of the partnership that owns 1405 Point in exchange for extinguishing its note receivable on the project and a $16.2 million constructioncash payment of $0.3 million. The project is subject to a loan payable of $64.9 million. The Company has also guaranteed payment on a portion of the loan payable. See Note 15 for the Market at Mill Creek development project in Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina. The loan bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread of 1.55% and will mature on July 12, 2025.additional discussion.

On July 27, 2018,In April 2019, the Company extended and modified the Johns Hopkins Village note. The principal amount of the note was increasedborrowed $5.4 million on its construction loans to $53.0 million. The note bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread of 1.25% and will mature on August 7, 2025. The Company simultaneously entered into an interest rate swap agreement that effectively fixes the interest rate at 4.19% for the term of the loan.fund development activities.

9.10. Derivative Financial Instruments
 
The Company may enter into interest rate derivative contracts to manage exposure to interest rate risks. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. Derivative financial instruments are recognized at fair value and presented within other assets and other liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Gains and losses resulting from changes in the fair value of derivatives that are neither designated nor qualify as hedging instruments are recognized within the change in fair value of interest rate derivatives in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. For derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss is reported as a component of other comprehensive lossincome (loss) and reclassified into earnings in the periods during which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.

On
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During the three months ended March 7, 2018,31, 2019, the Operating Partnership entered into aCompany had the following LIBOR interest rate cap agreement on a notional amount of $50.0 million at a strike rate of 2.25% for a premium of $0.3 million. The interest rate cap expires on April 1, 2020.caps ($ in thousands):
Origination Date Expiration Date Notional Amount  Strike Rate Premium Paid
2/7/2017 3/1/2019 $50,000
 1.50% $187
6/23/2017 7/1/2019 50,000
 1.50% 154
9/18/2017 10/1/2019 50,000
 1.50% 199
11/28/2017 12/1/2019 50,000
 1.50% 359
3/7/2018 4/1/2020 50,000
 2.25% 310
7/16/2018 8/1/2020 50,000
 2.50% 319
12/11/2018 1/1/2021 50,000
 2.75% 210

On April 23, 2018, the Operating PartnershipCompany entered into a floating-to-fixed interest rate swap attributable to one-month LIBOR indexed interest payments with a notional amount of $50.0 million. The interest rate swap has a fixed rate of 2.783%2.78%, an effective date of May 1, 2018, and a maturity date of May 1, 2023.

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The Company’s derivatives were comprised of the following as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (in thousands): 
  June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
  (Unaudited)      
  
Notional
Amount
 Fair Value 
Notional
Amount
 Fair Value
    Asset Liability   Asset Liability
Interest rate swaps $100,000
 $431
 $(136) $56,079
 $10
 $(69)
Interest rate caps 250,000
 2,429
 
 345,000
 1,515
 
Total $350,000
 $2,860
 $(136) $401,079
 $1,525
 $(69)

The changes in the fair value of the Company’s derivatives during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 were comprised of the following (in thousands): 
  Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
  2018 2017 2018 2017
Interest rate swaps $5
 $7
 $353
 $268
Interest rate caps (16) (88) 605
 (55)
Total change in fair value of interest rate derivatives $(11) $(81) $958
 $213

The Company This interest rate swap has not been designated any of its derivatives as hedging instruments under GAAP as of June 30, 2018.a hedge for accounting purposes.

Subsequent to June 30, 2018

On July 16, 2018, the Operating Partnership entered into a LIBOR interest rate cap agreement on a notional amount of $50.0 million at a strike rate of 2.50% for a premium of $0.3 million. The interest rate cap expires on August 1, 2020.

On July 27, 2018, the Company entered into ana LIBOR interest rate swap agreement that effectively fixes the interest rate of the new Johns Hopkins Village note payable at 4.19%. with a maturity date of August 7, 2025. The Company designated the interest rate swap as a hedge for accounting purposes.

On October 12, 2018, the Company entered into a LIBOR interest rate swap agreement that effectively fixes the variable component on the interest rate of the initial $10.5 million tranche of new Lightfoot Marketplace note payable at 4.77% per annum until stabilization and 4.62% per annum thereafter. The swap matures on October 12, 2023. The Company designated the interest rate swap as a hedge for accounting purposes.

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, unrealized losses of $1.0 million were recorded to other comprehensive loss, and $0.1 million of realized losses were reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss to interest expense due to payments made to the swap counterparty during the three months ended March 31, 2019. During the next 12 months, the Company anticipates reclassifying approximately $0.4 million of net hedging losses from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings to offset the variability of the hedged item during this period.

The Company’s derivatives were comprised of the following as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands): 
  March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
  (Unaudited)      
  
Notional
Amount
 Fair Value 
Notional
Amount
 Fair Value
    Asset Liability   Asset Liability
Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges            
Interest rate swaps $100,000
 $175
 $(1,271) $100,000
 $303
 $(749)
Interest rate caps 300,000
 977
 
 350,000
 1,790
 
Total derivatives not designated as accounting hedges 400,000
 1,152
 (1,271) 450,000
 2,093
 (749)
Derivatives designated as accounting hedges            
Interest rate swaps 62,977
 
 (2,656) 63,208
 
 (1,725)
Total derivatives $462,977
 $1,152
 $(3,927) $513,208
 $2,093
 $(2,474)


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The changes in the fair value of the Company’s derivatives during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 were comprised of the following (in thousands): 
  Three Months Ended March 31,
  2019 2018
Interest rate swaps $(1,652) $348
Interest rate caps (814) 621
Total change in fair value of interest rate derivatives $(2,466) $969
Comprehensive income statement presentation:    
Change in fair value of interest rate derivatives $(1,463) $969
Unrealized cash flow hedge gains losses (1,003) 
Total change in fair value of interest rate derivatives $(2,466) $969

Subsequent to March 31, 2019

On April 4, 2019, the Company entered into a floating-to-fixed interest rate swap attributable to one-month LIBOR indexed interest payments with a notional amount of $50.0 million. The interest rate swap has a fixed rate of 2.26%, an effective date of April 1, 2019, and a maturity date of October 22, 2022.

On April 4, 2019, the Company entered into a floating-to-fixed interest rate swap attributable to one-month LIBOR indexed interest payments with an initial notional amount of $34.6 million. The interest rate swap has a fixed rate of 2.25%, an effective date of April 1, 2019, and a maturity date of August 10, 2023.

10.11. Equity
 
Stockholders’ Equity

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company’s authorized capital was 500 million shares of common stock and 100 million shares of preferred stock. The Company had 52,326,803 and 50,013,731 shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. No shares of preferred stock were issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018.
 
On February 26, 2018, the Company commenced an at-the-market continuous equity offering program (the “ATM Program”"ATM Program") through which the Company may, from time to time, issue and sell shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $125.0 million. During the sixthree months ended June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, the Company sold an aggregate of 3,542,1782,071,000 shares of common stock at a weighted average price of $14.07$14.78 per share under the ATM Program, receiving net proceeds, after offering costs and commissions, of $49.1$30.2 million.

As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company’s authorized capital was 500 million shares of common stock and 100 million shares of preferred stock. The Company had 48,768,363 and 44,937,763 shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. No shares of preferred stock were issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017.
 
Noncontrolling Interests
 
As of June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2017,2018, the Company held a 73.8%75.5% and 72.0%74.5% interest, respectively, in the Operating Partnership. The Company is the primary beneficiary of the Operating Partnership as it has the power to direct the activities of the Operating Partnership and the rights to absorb 73.8%75.5% of the net income of the Operating Partnership. As the primary beneficiary, the Company consolidates the financial position and results of operations of the Operating Partnership. Noncontrolling interests in the Company represent units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership not held by the Company. As of June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, there were 17,290,40316,991,933 Class A Unitsunits of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership ("Class A Units") not held by the Company. The Company's financial position and results of operations are the same as those of the Operating Partnership.

Additionally, the Operating Partnership owns a majority interest in certain non-wholly-owned operating and development properties. The noncontrolling interest for thethese consolidated real estate entities under development or construction (see Note 1) was zero as of June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2017.

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2018.

On January 2, 2018,2019, due to the holders of Class A Units tendering an aggregate of 163,000 Class A Units for redemption by the Operating Partnership, the Company elected to satisfy the redemption request through the issuance of an equal number of shares of common stock.

As partial consideration for the acquisition of Columbus Village, the Operating Partnership issued 1,000,000 class B units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership ("Class B Units") on July 10, 2015 and issued 275,000 class C units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership ("Class C Units") on January 10, 2017. The Class B Units were automatically converted to Class A Units on July 10, 2017. The Class C Units were automatically converted into Class A Units on January 10, 2018.

As partial consideration for the acquisition of Parkway Centre, the Operating Partnership issued 117,228 Class A Units on January 29, 2018.

On April 2, 2018, due to the holders of Class A Units tendering an aggregate of 187,142 Class A Units for redemption by the Operating Partnership, the Company elected to satisfy the redemption request with an aggregate cash payment of $2.5 million.

On April 17, 2018, the Operating Partnership issued 36,684 Class A Units to the former noncontrolling interest holder of John Hopkins Village due to the satisfaction of a contingent event that was part of the redemption of its redeemable noncontrolling interest in Johns Hopkins Village in December 2017.

Common Stock Dividends and Class A Unit Distributions
On January 4, 2018, the Company paid cash dividends of $8.5 million to common stockholders and the Operating Partnership paid cash distributions of $3.3 million to holders of Class A Units.

On April 5, 2018, the Company paid cash dividends of $9.0 million to common stockholders and the Operating Partnership paid cash distributions of $3.5 million to holders of Class A Units.

On May 3, 2018, the Board of Directors declared a cash dividend and distribution of $0.20 per share and Class A Unit payable on July 5, 2018 to stockholders and unitholders of record on June 27, 2018.

Subsequent to June 30, 2018

On July 2, 2018, due to the holders of Class A Units tendering an aggregate of 123,504118,471 Class A Units for redemption by the Operating Partnership, the Company elected to satisfy the redemption requests through the issuance of an equal number of shares of common stock.


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Common Stock Dividends and Class A Unit Distributions
On July 5, 2018,January 3, 2019, the Company paid cash dividends of $9.7$10.0 million to common stockholders and the Operating Partnership paid cash distributions of $3.5$3.4 million to holders of Class A Units.

On February 21, 2019, the Board of Directors declared a cash dividend and distribution of $0.21 per share and Class A Unit payable on April 4, 2019 to stockholders and unitholders of record on March 27, 2019.

Subsequent to March 31, 2019

On April 4, 2019, the Company paid cash dividends of $11.0 million to common stockholders and the Operating Partnership paid cash distributions of $3.6 million to holders of Class A Units.

In April 2019, the Company sold an aggregate of 91,924 shares of common stock at a weighted average price of $15.72 per share under the ATM Program, receiving net proceeds, after offering costs and commissions, of $1.4 million.

On May 7, 2019, the Board of Directors declared a cash dividend and distribution of $0.21 per share and unit payable on July 3, 2019 to stockholders and unitholders of record on June 26, 2019.

11.12. Stock-Based Compensation
 
On June 14, 2017, the Company's stockholders approved the Company'sThe Company’s Amended and Restated 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the "Amended"Equity Plan"), which, among permits the grant of restricted stock awards, stock options, stock appreciation rights, performance units, and other things, increased the numberequity-based awards up to an aggregate of 1,700,000 shares of the Company's common stock reserved for issuance under the Amended Plan by 1,000,000 shares, from 700,000 shares to 1,700,000 shares.stock. As of June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, there were 1,029,659911,625 shares available for issuance under the AmendedEquity Plan.

During the sixthree months ended June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, the Company granted an aggregate of 151,844135,849 shares of restricted stock to employees and non-employee directors with a weighted average grant date fair value of $13.53$15.20 per share. Employee restricted stock awards generally vest over a period of two years: one-third immediately on the grant date and the remaining two-thirds in equal amounts on the first two anniversaries following the grant date, subject to continued service to the Company. Non-employee director restricted stock awards vest either immediately upon grant or over a period of one year, subject to continued service to the Company. Unvested restricted stock awards are entitled to receive dividends from their grant date.
 
During the sixthree months ended June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, the Company issued performance-based awards in the form of restricted stock units to certain employees. The performance period for these awards is three years, with a required two-year service period immediately following the expiration of the performance period in order to fully vest. The compensation expense and the effect on the Company’s weighted average diluted shares calculation were immaterial.

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Table During the three months ended March 31, 2019, 10,755 shares were issued with a grant date fair value of Contents

$15.42 per share due to the partial vesting of performance units awarded to certain employees in 2016.

During the three months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018, and 2017, the Company recognized $1.1 million and $0.9 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation cost, of which $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively, was capitalized as part of stock-based compensation expense. During the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized $1.2 million and $1.1 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense.Company's development projects. As of June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, there were 138,971147,961 nonvested restricted shares outstanding; the total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested restricted shares was $1.3$1.6 million, which the Company expects to recognize over the next 2118 months.
 
12.13. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
Fair value measurements are based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. The hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value is as follows: 
Level 1—1 — quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities 
Level 2—2 — observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities 
Level 3—3 — unobservable inputs 
Except as disclosed below, the carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments approximate their fair values. Financial assets and liabilities whose fair values are measured on a recurring basis using Level 2 inputs consist of interest

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rate swaps and caps. The Company measures the fair values of these assets and liabilities based on prices provided by independent market participants that are based on observable inputs using market-based valuation techniques.

Financial assets and liabilities whose fair values are not measured at fair value but for which the fair value is disclosed include the Company's notes receivable and indebtedness. The fair value is estimated by discounting the future cash flows of each instrument at estimated market rates consistent with the maturity, credit characteristics, and other terms of the arrangements, which are Level 3 inputs under the fair value hierarchy.
 
In certain cases, the inputs used to measureestimate the fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. For disclosure purposes, the level within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Considerable judgment is used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments. The estimates of fair value presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized upon disposition of the financial instruments.

The carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments all of which are based on Level 2 inputs, as of June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2017,2018 were as follows (in thousands): 
 June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
 (Unaudited)     (Unaudited)    
Indebtedness $580,446
 $576,270
 $517,272
 $518,417
 $737,621
 $737,340
 $694,239
 $688,437
Notes receivable 152,172
 151,534
 138,683
 138,683
Interest rate swap liabilities 136
 136
 69
 69
 3,927
 3,927
 2,474
 2,474
Interest rate swap and cap assets 2,860
 2,860
 1,525
 1,525
 1,152
 1,152
 2,093
 2,093
 
13.14. Related Party Transactions
 
The Company provides general contracting and real estate services to certain related party entities that are included in these condensed consolidated financial statements. Revenue from construction contracts with these entities for the three months ended June 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $0.3$1.2 million, and $0.8 million, respectively, and gross profit from these contracts was $0.2 million. There was no such contractsrevenue or gross profit for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively. Revenue from construction contracts with related party entities of the Company for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $1.5 million and $7.3 million, respectively, and gross profit from such contracts for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively.March 31, 2019.

Real estate services fees from affiliated entities of the Company were not significant for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 or 2017.2018. In addition, affiliated entities also reimburse the Company for monthly maintenance and facilities management services provided to the properties. Cost reimbursements earned by the Company from affiliated entities were not significant for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 and 2017.2018. 
 
The Operating Partnership entered into tax protection agreements that indemnify certain directors and executive officers of the Company from their tax liabilities resulting from the potential future sale of certain of the Company’s properties within seven (or, in a limited number of cases, ten) years of the completion of the Company’s initial public offering and formation transactions completed on May 13, 2013. In addition, the tax protection agreements provide that the Operating Partnership will offer certain of the original contributors, including certain of the Company’s directors and executive officers, the opportunity to guarantee debt, or, alternatively, to enter into a deficit restoration obligation, for ten years from the closing of the Company’s initial public offering in a manner intended to provide an allocation of Operating Partnership liabilities to the partner for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Pursuant to these tax protection agreements, certain of the Company’s executive officers have guaranteed approximately $0.3 million of the Operating Partnership’s outstanding debt as of June 30, 2018.

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14.15. Commitments and Contingencies
 
Legal Proceedings
 
The Company is from time to time involved in various disputes, lawsuits, warranty claims, environmental and other matters arising in the ordinary course of business. Management makes assumptions and estimates concerning the likelihood and amount of any potential loss relating to these matters.
 
The Company currently is a party to various legal proceedings.proceedings, none of which management expects will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or liquidity. Management accrues a liability for litigation if an unfavorable outcome is determined to be probable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. If an unfavorable outcome is determined to be probable and a range of loss can be reasonably estimated, management accrues the best estimate within the range; however, if no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other, the minimum amount within the range is accrued. Legal fees related to litigation are expensed as incurred. Management does not believe

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that the ultimate outcome of these matters, either individually or in the aggregate, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations; however, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties.
 
Under the Company’s leases, tenants are typically obligated to indemnify the Company from and against all liabilities, costs, and expenses imposed upon or asserted against it as owner of the properties due to certain matters relating to the operation of the properties by the tenant.

Guarantees

In connection with the Company's mezzanine lending activities, the Company has made guarantees to pay portions of certain senior loans of third parties associated with the development projects. The following table summarizes the guarantees made by the Company as of March 31, 2019 (in thousands):
Development project Payment guarantee amount 
1405 Point $25,000
(a)
The Residences at Annapolis Junction 8,300
 
Delray Plaza 5,180
 
Nexton Square 12,600
 
Interlock Commercial 
(b)
Total $51,080
 

(a) On April 25, 2019, the Company exercised its option to purchase 79% of the partnership that owns 1405 Point.
(b) As of March 31, 2019, this $30.7 million payment guarantee was not yet effective because the senior construction loan had not yet been executed. On April 19, 2019, the senior construction loan was executed, and the payment guarantee became effective. The Company now also guarantees completion of the development project to the senior lender. The Company has also guaranteed completion of the development project to Georgia Tech, the ground lessor.

There is no payment guarantee for the senior construction loan for the Solis Apartments at Interlock project. The Company has guaranteed completion of the development project to the senior lender contingent upon senior loan funding.

Commitments
 
The Company has a bonding line of credit for its general contracting construction business and is contingently liable under performance and payment bonds, bonds for cancellation of mechanics liens and defect bonds. Such bonds collectively totaled $43.5$29.5 million and $44.9$34.8 million as of June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2017,2018, respectively.
 
The Operating PartnershipCompany has entered into standby letters of credit using the available capacity under the credit facility. The letters of credit relate to the guarantee of future performance on certain of the Company’s construction contracts. Letters of credit generally are available for draw down in the event the Company does not perform. As of both June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2017,2018, the Operating Partnership had total outstanding letters of credit of $2.4 million and $2.1 million.million, respectively. The amountsletters of credit outstanding at June 30, 2018 and DecemberMarch 31, 2017 were comprised of2019 included a $2.1 million letter of credit relatedrelating to the guarantee on the 1405 Point senior construction loan. This letter of credit was released on April 25, 2019.

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Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
References to “we,” “our,” “us,”"we," "our," "us," and “our company”"our company" refer to Armada Hoffler Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation, together with our consolidated subsidiaries, including Armada Hoffler, L.P., a Virginia limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”"Operating Partnership"), of which we are the sole general partner. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this report.
 
Forward-Looking Statements
 
This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. We caution investors that any forward-looking statements presented in this report, or which management may make orally or in writing from time to time, are based on beliefs and assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. When used, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “estimate,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “result”"anticipate," "believe," "expect," "intend," "may," "might," "plan," "estimate," "project," "should," "will," "result," and similar expressions, which do not relate solely to historical matters, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions and are not guarantees of future performance, which may be affected by known and unknown risks, trends, uncertainties, and factors that are beyond our control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated or projected. We caution you that while forward-looking statements reflect our good faith beliefs when we make them, they are not guarantees of future performance and are impacted by actual events when they occur after we make such statements. We expressly disclaim any responsibility to update forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. Accordingly, investors should use caution in relying on past forward-looking statements, which are based on results and trends at the time they are made, to anticipate future results or trends.
 
Forward-looking statements involve numerous risks and uncertainties and you should not rely on them as predictions of future events. Forward-looking statements depend on assumptions, data or methods which may be incorrect or imprecise, and we may not be able to realize them. We do not guarantee that the transactions and events described will happen as described (or that they will happen at all). The following factors, among others, could cause actual results and future events to differ materially from those set forth or contemplated in the forward-looking statements:
 
adverse economic or real estate developments, either nationally or in the markets in which our properties are located; 
our failure to develop the properties in our development pipeline successfully, on the anticipated timeline,timelines, or at the anticipated costs; 
our failure to generate sufficient cash flows to service our outstanding indebtedness; 
defaults on, early terminations of, or non-renewal of leases by tenants, including significant tenants; 
bankruptcy or insolvency of a significant tenant or a substantial number of smaller tenants; 
the inability of one or more mezzanine loan borrowers to repay mezzanine loans in accordance with their contractual terms;
difficulties in identifying or completing development, acquisition, or disposition opportunities; 
our failure to successfully operate developed and acquired properties; 
our failure to generate income in our general contracting and real estate services segment in amounts that we anticipate; 
fluctuations in interest rates and increased operating costs;
our failure to obtain necessary outside financing on favorable terms or at all; 
our inability to extend the maturity of or refinance existing debt or comply with the financial covenants in the agreements that govern our existing debt; 
financial market fluctuations; 
risks that affect the general retail environment or the market for office properties or multifamily units; 
the competitive environment in which we operate; 
decreased rental rates or increased vacancy rates; 

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conflicts of interests with our officers and directors; 
lack or insufficient amounts of insurance; 

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environmental uncertainties and risks related to adverse weather conditions and natural disasters; 
other factors affecting the real estate industry generally; 
our failure to maintain our qualification as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”("REIT") for U.S. federal income tax purposes; 
limitations imposed on our business and our ability to satisfy complex rules in order for us to maintain our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
changes in governmental regulations or interpretations thereof, such as real estate and zoning laws and increases in real property tax rates and taxation of REITs; and
potential negative impacts from the recent changes to the U.S. tax laws.
 
While forward-looking statements reflect our good faith beliefs, they are not guarantees of future performance. We disclaim any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, of new information, data or methods, future events, or other changes after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, except as required by applicable law. We caution investors not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements and urge investors to carefully review the disclosures we make concerning risks and uncertainties in the sections entitled “Risk Factors”"Risk Factors" and “Management’s"Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”Operations" in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as risks, uncertainties and other factors discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and identified in other documents that we file from time to time with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”"SEC").
 
Business Description
 
We are a full-service real estate company with extensive experience developing, building, owning and managing high-quality, institutional-grade office, retail and multifamily properties in attractive markets primarily throughout the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern United States. As of June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, our operating property portfolio consisted of the following properties:
Property Segment Location Ownership Interest
4525 Main Street Office Virginia Beach, Virginia* 100%
Armada Hoffler Tower Office Virginia Beach, Virginia* 100%
One Columbus Office Virginia Beach, Virginia* 100%
Two Columbus Office Virginia Beach, Virginia* 100%
249 Central Park Retail Retail Virginia Beach, Virginia* 100%
Alexander Pointe Retail Salisbury, North Carolina 100%
Bermuda Crossroads Retail Chester, Virginia 100%
Broad Creek Shopping Center Retail Norfolk, Virginia 100%
Broadmoor Plaza Retail South Bend, Indiana 100%
Brooks Crossing(1)
RetailNewport News, Virginia65%
Columbus Village Retail Virginia Beach, Virginia* 100%
Columbus Village II Retail Virginia Beach, Virginia* 100%
Commerce Street Retail Retail Virginia Beach, Virginia* 100%
Courthouse 7-Eleven Retail Virginia Beach, Virginia 100%
Dick'sDick’s at Town Center Retail Virginia Beach, Virginia* 100%
Dimmock Square Retail Colonial Heights, Virginia 100%
Fountain Plaza Retail Retail Virginia Beach, Virginia* 100%
Gainsborough Square Retail Chesapeake, Virginia 100%
Greentree Shopping Center Retail Chesapeake, Virginia 100%
Hanbury Village Retail Chesapeake, Virginia 100%
Harper Hill Commons Retail Winston-Salem, North Carolina 100%
Harrisonburg RegalRetailHarrisonburg, Virginia100%
Indian Lakes CrossingRetailVirginia Beach, Virginia100%

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Property Segment Location Ownership Interest
Harrisonburg RegalRetailHarrisonburg, Virginia100%
Indian Lakes CrossingRetailVirginia Beach, Virginia100%
Lexington SquareRetailLexington, South Carolina100%
Lightfoot Marketplace(2)(1)
 Retail Williamsburg, Virginia 70%
North Hampton Market Retail Taylors, South Carolina 100%
North Point Center Retail Durham, North Carolina 100%
Oakland Marketplace Retail Oakland, Tennessee 100%
Parkway Centre Retail Moultrie, Georgia 100%
Parkway Marketplace Retail Virginia Beach, Virginia 100%
Patterson Place Retail Durham, North Carolina 100%
Perry Hall Marketplace Retail Perry Hall, Maryland 100%
Providence Plaza Retail Charlotte, North Carolina 100%
Renaissance Square Retail Davidson, North Carolina 100%
Sandbridge Commons Retail Virginia Beach, Virginia 100%
Socastee Commons Retail Myrtle Beach, South Carolina 100%
Southgate Square Retail Colonial Heights, Virginia 100%
Southshore Shops Retail Chesterfield, Virginia 100%
South Retail Retail Virginia Beach, Virginia* 100%
South Square Retail Durham, North Carolina 100%
Stone House Square Retail Hagerstown, Maryland 100%
Studio 56 Retail Retail Virginia Beach, Virginia* 100%
Tyre Neck Harris Teeter Retail Portsmouth, Virginia 100%
Waynesboro CommonsRetailWaynesboro, Virginia100%
Wendover Village Retail Greensboro, North Carolina 100%
Encore Apartments Multifamily Virginia Beach, Virginia* 100%
Johns Hopkins Village Multifamily Baltimore, Maryland 100%
Liberty Apartments Multifamily Newport News, Virginia 100%
Smith'sSmith’s Landing Multifamily Blacksburg, Virginia 100%
The Cosmopolitan Multifamily Virginia Beach, Virginia* 100%
(1)We are entitled to a preferred return of 8% on our investment in Brooks Crossing.
(2)We are entitled to a preferred return of 9% on our investment in Lightfoot Marketplace.
*Located in the Town Center of Virginia Beach


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As of June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, the following properties that we consolidate for financial reporting purposes were either under development or construction:not yet stabilized: 
Property    Segment    Location Ownership Interest
Brooks Crossing Office (1)
OfficeNewport News, Virginia65%
One City CenterOfficeDurham, North Carolina100%
Wills WharfOfficeBaltimore, Maryland100%
Brooks Crossing Retail (1)
RetailNewport News, Virginia65%
Lightfoot Outparcel (2)
RetailWilliamsburg, Virginia70%
Market at Mill Creek (3)
RetailMount Pleasant, South Carolina70%
Premier Retail (Town Center Phase VI) Mixed-useRetail Virginia Beach, Virginia* 100%
Greenside (Harding Place)(1)(4)
 Multifamily Charlotte, North Carolina 80%
Hoffler Place (King Street) Multifamily Charleston, South Carolina 92.5%
Premier Apartments (Town Center Phase VI)MultifamilyVirginia Beach, Virginia*100%
Summit Place (Meeting Street) Multifamily Charleston, South Carolina 90%
Brooks Crossing office tower (2)
OfficeNewport News, Virginia65%
Lightfoot Outparcel (3)
RetailWilliamsburg, Virginia70%
Market at Mill Creek (4)
RetailMount Pleasant, South Carolina70%
River CityIndustrialChesterfield, Virginia100%

(1) We are entitled to a preferred return of 8% on our investment in Brooks Crossing.
(2) We are entitled to a preferred return of 9% on our investment in Lightfoot Outparcel.
(3) We are entitled to a preferred return of up to 10% on our investment in Market at Mill Creek.
(4) We are entitled to a preferred return of 9% on a portion of our investment in Harding Place.
(2) We are entitled to a preferred return of 8% on our investment in Brooks Crossing.
(3) We are entitled to a preferred return of 9% on our investment in Lightfoot Outparcel.
(4) We are entitled to a preferred return of 10% on our investment in Market at Mill Creek.
*Located in the Town Center of Virginia Beach

Acquisitions
21
On February 6, 2019, we acquired an additional outparcel phase of Wendover Village in Greensboro, North Carolina for a contract price of $2.7 million. This phase is leased by a single tenant.

On March 14, 2019, we acquired the office and retail portions of the One City Center project in exchange for a redemption of its 37% equity ownership in the joint venture with Austin Lawrence Partners, which totaled $23.0 million as of the acquisition date, and a cash payment of $22.9 million. We obtained a new loan in the amount of $25.6 million in conjunction with this acquisition, which may be increased to $27.6 million subject to certain conditions.

On April 25, 2019, we purchased a 79% controlling interest in 1405 Point, a 17-story luxury high-rise apartment building located in the emerging Harbor Point area of the Baltimore waterfront in exchange for extinguishing our note receivable on the project and a cash payment of $0.3 million. The project is subject to a loan payable of $64.9 million.

On April 29, 2019, we entered into contribution agreements with Venture Realty Group to acquire Red Mill Commons and Marketplace at Hilltop with Venture Realty Group for aggregate consideration of $105.0 million, comprised of 4.1 million Class A units of limited partnership interest in the operating partnership ("Class A Units") valued at $15.55 per unit, the assumption of $36.0 million of mortgage debt, and $5.0 million in cash. In connection with the acquisition, we expect to enter into a tax protection agreement with the contributors pursuant to which the we will agree, subject to certain exceptions, to indemnify the contributors for up to 10 years against certain tax liabilities incurred by them, if such liabilities result from a transaction involving a direct or indirect taxable disposition of either or both of these properties or if the Operating Partnership fails to maintain and allocate to the sellers for taxation purposes minimum levels of Operating Partnership liabilities.

Dispositions

On April 1, 2019, we sold Waynesboro Commons for a sale price of $1.1 million.


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Please see Note 5 to our condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information related to our investment in Durham City Center II, LLC, which is an unconsolidated subsidiary that we account for under the equity method of accounting.

On July 2, 2018, we entered into a ground lease for a land parcel at Wills Wharf, located at the Harbor Point area in Baltimore, Maryland. We plan to develop a mixed-use building on the site.

Acquisitions

On January 9, 2018, we acquired Indian Lakes Crossing, a Harris Teeter-anchored shopping center in Virginia Beach, Virginia, for a contract price of $14.7 million plus capitalized acquisition costs of $0.2 million.

On January 29, 2018, we acquired Parkway Centre, a newly developed Publix-anchored shopping center in Moultrie, Georgia for total consideration of $11.3 million ($9.6 million in cashFirst Quarter 2019 and $1.7 million in the form of class A units of limited partnership interest in our Operating Partnership ("Class A Units") plus capitalized acquisition costs of $0.3 million.

On November 30, 2017, we entered into a lease agreement with Bottling Group, LLC for a new distribution facility that we will develop and construct for expected delivery in the fourth quarter of 2018. On January 29, 2018, we acquired undeveloped land in Chesterfield, Virginia, a portion of which will serve as the site for this facility, for a contract price of $2.4 million plus capitalized acquisition costs of $0.1 million.

On January 18, 2018, we entered into an operating agreement with a partner to develop a Lowes Foods-anchored shopping center in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina. The partnership, Market at Mill Creek Partners, LLC acquired undeveloped land on February 16, 2018 for a contract price of $2.9 million plus capitalized acquisition costs of $0.1 million.

On April 2, 2018, we acquired undeveloped land in Newport News, Virginia for less than $0.1 million. This land parcel is being used in the development of the Brooks Crossing office tower.

Dispositions

On May 24, 2018, we completed the sale of the Wawa outparcel at Indian Lakes Crossing for a contract price of $4.4 million. There was no gain or loss on the sale of the parcel.

Second Quarter 2018Recent Highlights
 
The following highlights our results of operations and significant transactions for the three months ended June 30, 2018:March 31, 2019 and other recent developments:
 
Net income of $5.9$6.5 million, or $0.09$0.10 per diluted share, compared to $4.9$7.0 million, or $0.08$0.11 per diluted share, for the three months ended June 30, 2017. March 31, 2018. 

Funds from operations ("FFO") of $15.1$16.6 million, or $0.24$0.25 per diluted share, compared to $14.2$16.3 million, or $0.24$0.26 per diluted share, for the three months ended June 30, 2017.March 31, 2018. See “Non-GAAP"Non-GAAP Financial Measures.” 

Normalized funds from operations (“("Normalized FFO”FFO") of $15.2$18.5 million, or $0.24$0.27 per diluted share, compared to $14.7$15.4 million, or $0.25 per diluted share, for the three months ended June 30, 2017.March 31, 2018. See “Non-GAAP"Non-GAAP Financial Measures."
In July 2018, we entered into a contract
Increased the first quarter 2019 cash dividend by 5% over the prior quarter's cash dividend to sell$0.21 per common share. This marks the build-to-suit distribution centerfifth increase in Chesterfield, Virginia for a sales pricefive years and represents cumulative dividend growth of $25.9 million, which is expected to close inover 31%.

Completed the fourth quarter.
In July 2018, we entered into an agreement regardingacquisition and refinancing of the salecommercial office and retail components of our at-costOne City Center development project in downtown Durham, North Carolina from the joint venture partnership.

Exercised our purchase option to acquire a 79% controlling interest in 1405 Point, the developer of The Residences at Annapolis Junction. Combined with the anticipated repayment of its related mezzanine loan during the third quarter, we expect to receive aggregate proceeds from these transactions in excess of $50 million.
In July 2018, we announced a new development project at Wills Wharf, a site17-story luxury high-rise apartment building located in the Harbor Point area of the Baltimore Maryland. We plan to develop a 325,000 square foot mixed-use building with an estimated development cost of $117 million.
In July 2018, we announced a new development project,waterfront, in exchange for the Interlock, located in West Midtown Atlanta. This public-private partnership with Georgia Tech is expected to contain 290,000 square feet of office and retail space. Our investment will be in the form of aCompany's mezzanine loan investment and we will serve as the general contractorassumption of the project.existing debt.

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TableAgreed to acquire Red Mill Commons and Marketplace at Hilltop in exchange for 4.1 million Class A Units valued at $15.55 per unit, the assumption of Contents
$36.0 million of debt, and $5.0 million in cash.

During the quarter ended June 30, 2018, we raised approximately $50Raised $30.6 million of gross proceeds through our at-the-market equity offering program at an average price of $14.07$14.78 per share.
Duringshare during the quarter ended June 30, 2018, we leased 150,000 square feet, including a 10-year lease with Shake Shack, leading the way to the re-development of the Columbus Village shopping center in the Town Center of Virginia Beach.March 31, 2019.
We sold the Wawa parcel at Indian Lakes Crossing for a contract price of $4.4 million.
Segment Results of Operations
 
As of June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, we operated our business in four segments: (i) office real estate, (ii) retail real estate, (iii) multifamily residential real estate, and (iv) general contracting and real estate services, which are conducted through our taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRS”("TRS"). Net operating income (segment revenues minus segment expenses) ("NOI") is the measure used by management to assess segment performance and allocate our resources among our segments. NOI is not a measure of operating income or cash flows from operating activities as measured by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”("GAAP") and is not indicative of cash available to fund cash needs. As a result, NOI should not be considered an alternative to cash flows as a measure of liquidity. Not all companies calculate NOI in the same manner. We consider NOI to be an appropriate supplemental measure to net income because it assists both investors and management in understanding the core operations of our real estate and construction businesses. See Note 3 to our condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a reconciliation of NOI to net income.
 
We define same store properties as those properties that we owned and operated and that were stabilized for the entirety of both periods presented. We generally consider a property to be stabilized upon the earlier of: (i) the quarter after the property reaches 80% occupancy or (ii) the thirteenth quarter after the property receives its certificate of occupancy. Additionally, any property that is fully or partially taken out of service for the purpose of redevelopment is no longer considered stabilized until the redevelopment activities are complete, and the asset is placed back into service.service, and the occupancy criterion above is again met. A property may also be fully or partially taken out of service as a result of a partial disposition, depending on the significance of the portion of the property disposed. Finally, any property classified as held for sale is taken out of service for the purpose of computing same store operating results.


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Office Segment Data 

Office rental revenues, property expenses, and NOI for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows (in thousands): 
 Three Months Ended June 30,   Six Months Ended June 30,   Three Months Ended March 31,  
 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change 2019 2018 Change
 (unaudited, $ in thousands) (Unaudited)
Rental revenues $5,288
 $4,759
 $529
 $10,388
 $9,665
 $723
 $5,556
 $5,100
 $456
Property expenses 1,932
 1,816
 116
 3,880
 3,592
 288
 2,012
 1,948
 64
Segment NOI $3,356
 $2,943
 $413
 $6,508
 $6,073
 $435
 $3,544
 $3,152
 $392
 
Office segment NOI for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 increased 14.0% and 7.2%, respectively,12.4% compared to the corresponding periods in 2017.three months ended March 31, 2018. The increases relateincrease relates primarily to a new tenant at 4525 Main Street that moved in during December 2017. The increase was partially offset by the dispositionacquisition of One City Center and higher occupancy across the rest of the Commonwealth of Virginia-Chesapeake and Commonwealth of Virginia-Virginia Beach office buildings, which contributed an aggregate of $0.2 million and $0.5 million in office segment NOI for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively.portfolio.

Office Same Store Results

Office same store results for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018 exclude 4525 Main Street as well as the Commonwealth of Virginia-Chesapeake and Commonwealth of Virginia-Virginia Beach office buildings, which were both sold in the third quarter of 2017.

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One City Center.

Office same store rental revenues, property expenses and NOI for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018 and 2017 were as follows: 
 Three Months Ended June 30,   Six Months Ended June 30,   Three Months Ended March 31,  
 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change 2019 2018 Change
 (unaudited, $ in thousands) (Unaudited)
Rental revenues $3,650
 $3,367
 $283
 $7,103
 $6,880
 $223
 $5,326
 $5,100
 $226
Property expenses 1,346
 1,283
 63
 2,691
 2,514
 177
 1,859
 1,859
 
Same Store NOI $2,304
 $2,084
 $220
 $4,412
 $4,366
 $46
 $3,467
 $3,241
 $226
Non-Same Store NOI 1,052
 859
 193
 2,096
 1,707
 389
 77
 (89) 166
Segment NOI $3,356
 $2,943
 $413
 $6,508
 $6,073
 $435
 $3,544
 $3,152
 $392
 
Office same store NOI for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 increased 10.6% and 1.1%, respectively,7.0% compared to the corresponding periods in 2017. The increases relatethree months ended March 31, 2018 primarily due to new tenants and renewals athigher occupancy across the Armada Hoffler Tower and One Columbus.same store office portfolio.

Retail Segment Data

Retail rental revenues, property expenses, and NOI for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows (in thousands): 
 Three Months Ended June 30,   Six Months Ended June 30,   Three Months Ended March 31,  
 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change 2019 2018 Change
 (unaudited, $ in thousands) (Unaudited)
Rental revenues $16,608
 $15,578
 $1,030
 $33,319
 $31,209
 $2,110
 $17,257
 $16,711
 $546
Property expenses 4,219
 3,999
 220
 8,559
 7,968
 591
 4,411
 4,340
 71
Segment NOI $12,389
 $11,579
 $810
 $24,760
 $23,241
 $1,519
 $12,846
 $12,371
 $475
 
Retail segment NOI for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 increased 7.0% and 6.5%, respectively,3.8% compared to the corresponding periods in 2017. The increases were a result of the acquisitions of Indian Lakes Crossing and Parkway Centre during the three months ended March 31, 2018, as well as2018. The increase was a result of the acquisition of the additional outparcel phase of Wendover Village in February 2019, the three property acquisitions completed during 2018, and the completioncommencement of operations at Premier Retail (Part of Towncenter Phase IV) during the third quarter of 2018. These increases were partially offset by the disposal of the Lightfoot Marketplace development subsequent to June 30, 2017.leasehold interest in the building previously leased by Home Depot at Broad Creek Shopping Center.
  

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Retail Same Store Results
 
Retail same store results for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018 exclude Lightfoot Marketplace, Broad Creek Shopping Center, Brooks Crossing, Indian Lakes Crossing, Parkway Centre, Premier Retail (part of Town Center Phase VI), Lexington Square, the additional outparcel phase of Wendover Village Indian Lakes Crossing,(acquired in February 2019), and Parkway Centre.Waynesboro Commons.

Retail same store rental revenues, property expenses, and NOI for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018 and 2017 were as follows:
 Three Months Ended June 30,   Six Months Ended June 30,   Three Months Ended March 31,  
 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change 2019 2018 Change
 (unaudited, $ in thousands) (Unaudited)
Rental revenues $15,295
 $15,199
 $96
 $30,717
 $30,421
 $296
 $14,604
 $14,568
 $36
Property expenses 3,650
 3,621
 29
 7,457
 7,200
 257
 3,406
 3,327
 79
Same Store NOI $11,645
 $11,578
 $67
 $23,260
 $23,221
 $39
 $11,198
 $11,241
 $(43)
Non-Same Store NOI 744
 1
 743
 1,500
 20
 1,480
 1,648
 1,130
 518
Segment NOI $12,389
 $11,579
 $810
 $24,760
 $23,241
 $1,519
 $12,846
 $12,371
 $475
 
Retail same store NOI was largelygenerally consistent for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 compared to the corresponding periods in 2017.2018.


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Multifamily Segment Data

Multifamily rental revenues, property expenses, and NOI for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows (in thousands): 
 Three Months Ended June 30,   Six Months Ended June 30,   Three Months Ended March 31,  
 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change 2019 2018 Change
 (unaudited, $ in thousands) (Unaudited)
Rental revenues $6,702
 $6,418
 $284
 $13,590
 $13,113
 $477
 $8,096
 $6,888
 $1,208
Property expenses 3,106
 2,951
 155
 6,055
 5,783
 272
 3,430
 2,949
 481
Segment NOI $3,596
 $3,467
 $129
 $7,535
 $7,330
 $205
 $4,666
 $3,939
 $727
 
Multifamily segment NOI increased slightly for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 increased 18.5% compared to the corresponding periods in 2017.three months ended March 31, 2018. The increase was primarily a result of activity forthe commencement of operations at Greenside and Premier Apartments (Part of Town Center Phase IV) during the third quarter of 2018 as well as higher rental rates across the rest of the multifamily portfolio, especially at Johns Hopkins Village which experienced higher occupancy during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the corresponding periods in 2017.Smith's Landing.
 
Multifamily Same Store Results
 
Multifamily same store results for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 exclude new real estate development - specifically Johns Hopkins Village, which was placed into service in the third quarterGreenside, Premier Apartments (part of 2016. Multifamily same store results also excludeTown Center Phase VI), and The Cosmopolitan which is undergoing a redevelopment project that began on March 1, 2018.(due to redevelopment).


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 Multifamily same store rental revenues, property expenses and NOI for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018 and 2017 were as follows:
 Three Months Ended June 30,   Six Months Ended June 30,   Three Months Ended March 31,  
 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change 2019 2018 Change
 (unaudited, $ in thousands) (Unaudited)
Rental revenues $2,918
 $2,860
 $58
 $5,773
 $5,697
 $76
 $5,449
 $5,035
 $414
Property expenses 1,225
 1,207
 18
 2,383
 2,358
 25
 2,086
 1,951
 135
Same Store NOI $1,693
 $1,653
 $40
 $3,390
 $3,339
 $51
 $3,363
 $3,084
 $279
Non-Same Store NOI 1,903
 1,814
 89
 4,145
 3,991
 154
 1,303
 855
 448
Segment NOI $3,596
 $3,467
 $129
 $7,535
 $7,330
 $205
 $4,666
 $3,939
 $727
 
Multifamily same store NOI for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 increased slightly9.0% compared to the corresponding periods in 2017.three months ended March 31, 2018. The increase is primarily the result of increasedhigher rental rates across the same store multifamily portfolio, especially at Smith’sJohns Hopkins Village and Smith's Landing.

General Contracting and Real Estate Services Segment Data

General Contracting and real estate services revenues, expenses, and gross profit for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows (in thousands): 
 Three Months Ended June 30,   Six Months Ended June 30,   Three Months Ended March 31,  
 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change 2019 2018 Change
 (unaudited, $ in thousands) (Unaudited)
Segment revenues $20,654
 $56,671
 $(36,017) $43,704
 $120,190
 $(76,486) $17,036
 $23,050
 $(6,014)
Segment expenses 20,087
 54,015
 (33,928) 42,501
 115,211
 (72,710) 16,286
 22,414
 (6,128)
Segment gross profit $567
 $2,656
 $(2,089) $1,203
 $4,979
 $(3,776) $750
 $636
 $114
Operating margin 2.7% 4.7% (2.0)% 2.8% 4.1% (1.3)% 4.4% 2.8% 1.6%
 
General contracting and real estate services segment profit for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 decreased 78.7% and 75.8%March 31, 2019 increased 17.9% compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018 due to higher profit margins, which was partially offset by lower revenue in this segment. While backlog was higher as of March 31, 2019 as compared to March 31, 2018, the corresponding periodsprojects currently included in 2017 as there were no significant new third-party contracts duringbacklog are in the six months ended June 30, 2018. Operating margins also decreased during these periods.

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early project stages, which generally result in less revenue than projects in late stages.

 The changes in third party construction backlog for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018 and 2017 were as follows: 
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended March 31,
2018 2017 2018 20172019 2018
(unaudited, $ in thousands)(unaudited, in thousands)
Beginning backlog$30,733
 $157,722
 $49,167
 $217,718
$165,863
 $49,167
New contracts/change orders27,807
 15,519
 32,376
 18,960
12,019
 4,569
Work performed(20,619) (56,584) (43,622) (120,021)(17,011) (23,003)
Ending backlog$37,921
 $116,657
 $37,921
 $116,657
$160,871
 $30,733
 
As of June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, we had $5.7$80.0 million in backlog on the Dinwiddie Municipal ComplexInterlock Commercial project, and $6.9$62.1 million in backlog on the City CenterSolis Apartments project, and $9.2 million in backlog on the Hopkins Streetscape project.
   

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Consolidated Results of Operations
 
The following table summarizes the results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 and 2017:2018: 
 Three Months Ended June 30,   Six Months Ended June 30,   Three Months Ended March 31,  
 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change 2019 2018 Change
 (unaudited, $ in thousands) (unaudited, in thousands)
Revenues  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Rental revenues $28,598
 $26,755
 $1,843
 $57,297
 $53,987
 $3,310
 $30,909
 $28,699
 $2,210
General contracting and real estate services revenues 20,654
 56,671
 (36,017) 43,704
 120,190
 (76,486) 17,036
 23,050
 (6,014)
Total revenues 49,252
 83,426
 (34,174) 101,001
 174,177
 (73,176) 47,945
 51,749
 (3,804)
      
Expenses  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Rental expenses 6,522
 6,171
 351
 12,946
 12,239
 707
 6,725
 6,424
 301
Real estate taxes 2,735
 2,595
 140
 5,548
 5,104
 444
 3,128
 2,813
 315
General contracting and real estate services expenses 20,087
 54,015
 (33,928) 42,501
 115,211
 (72,710) 16,286
 22,414
 (6,128)
Depreciation and amortization 9,179
 9,304
 (125) 18,457
 18,779
 (322) 9,904
 9,278
 626
General and administrative expenses 2,764
 2,678
 86
 5,725
 5,664
 61
 3,401
 2,961
 440
Acquisition, development and other pursuit costs 9
 369
 (360) 93
 416
 (323) 400
 84
 316
Impairment charges 98
 27
 71
 98
 31
 67
Total expenses 41,394
 75,159
 (33,765) 85,368
 157,444
 (72,076) 39,844
 43,974
 (4,130)
Operating income 7,858
 8,267
 (409) 15,633
 16,733
 (1,100) 8,101
 7,775
 326
Interest income 2,375
 1,658
 717
 4,607
 3,056
 1,551
 5,319
 2,232
 3,087
Interest expense (4,497) (4,494) (3) (8,870) (9,029) 159
 (5,886) (4,373) (1,513)
Gain on real estate dispositions 
 
 
 
 3,395
 (3,395)
Equity in income of unconsolidated real estate entities 273
 
 273
Change in fair value of interest rate derivatives (11) (81) 70
 958
 213
 745
 (1,463) 969
 (2,432)
Other income 54
 43
 11
 168
 80
 88
 60
 114
 (54)
Income before taxes 5,779
 5,393
 386
 12,496
 14,448
 (1,952) 6,404
 6,717
 (313)
Income tax benefit (provision) 166
 (450) 616
 432
 (752) 1,184
Income tax benefit 110
 266
 (156)
Net income $5,945
 $4,943
 $1,002
 $12,928
 $13,696
 $(768) $6,514
 $6,983
 $(469)
 
Rental revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2019 increased $2.2 million compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018 as follows: 
  Three Months Ended March 31,  
  2019 2018 Change
  (unaudited, in thousands)
Office $5,556
 $5,100
 $456
Retail 17,257
 16,711
 546
Multifamily 8,096
 6,888
 1,208
  $30,909
 $28,699
 $2,210
Office rental revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2019 increased 8.9% compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018, primarily as a result of the acquisition of One City Center and higher occupancy across the rest of the office portfolio.
Retail rental revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2019 increased 3.3% compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018, as a result of the acquisition of the additional outparcel phase of Wendover Village in February 2019, the three property acquisitions completed during 2018, and the commencement of operations at Premier Retail (Part of Town Center Phase IV) in the third quarter of 2018. These increases were partially offset by the disposal of the leasehold interest in the building previously leased by Home Depot at Broad Creek Shopping Center.


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Rental revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 increased $1.8 million and $3.3 million compared to the corresponding periods in 2017 as follows: 
  Three Months Ended June 30,   Six Months Ended June 30,  
  2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
  (unaudited, $ in thousands)
Office $5,288
 $4,759
 $529
 $10,388
 $9,665
 $723
Retail 16,608
 15,578
 1,030
 33,319
 31,209
 2,110
Multifamily 6,702
 6,418
 284
 13,590
 13,113
 477
  $28,598
 $26,755
 $1,843
 $57,297
 $53,987
 $3,310
OfficeMultifamily rental revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 increased 11.1% and 7.5%, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2017 primarily as a result of a new tenant at 4525 Main Street that moved in during December 2017. The increase was partially offset by the disposition of the Commonwealth of Virginia-Chesapeake and Commonwealth of Virginia-Virginia Beach office buildings, which contributed an aggregate of $0.3 million and $0.6 million in office rental revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively.
Retail rental revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 increased 6.6% and 6.8%, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2017 as a result of the acquisitions of Indian Lakes and Parkway Centre during the three months ended March 31, 2019 increased 17.5% compared to the three month ended March 31, 2018, primarily as a result of the commencement of operations at Greenside and Premier Apartments (Part of Town Center Phase IV) during 2018 as well as higher rental rates across the acquisitionrest of the outparcel phase of Wendover Village and the completion of the Lightfoot Marketplace development during 2017.

Multifamily rental revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 increased 4.4% and 3.6%, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2017 as a result of activity formultifamily portfolio, especially at Johns Hopkins Village which was placed into service in the third quarter of 2016 and experienced higher occupancy during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the corresponding periods in 2017.Smith's Landing.

General contracting and real estate services revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 decreased 63.6%26.1% compared to each of the corresponding periodsthree months ended March 31, 2018. While we have significant backlog, particularly with regards to the Interlock Commercial and Solis Apartments projects, these projects were in 2017 as there were no significant new third-party contractsthe early stages during the six months ended June 30, 2018.first quarter of 2019. During the 2018 period, we recognized higher revenues primarily relating to One City Center, Point Street, and Dinwiddie Municipal.

Rental expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 increased $0.4 million and $0.7$0.3 million compared to the the corresponding periods in 2017three months ended March 31, 2018 as follows: 
 Three Months Ended June 30,   Six Months Ended June 30,   Three Months Ended March 31,  
 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change 2019 2018 Change
 (unaudited, $ in thousands) (unaudited, in thousands)
Office $1,430
 $1,366
 $64
 $2,876
 $2,692
 $184
 $1,486
 $1,446
 $40
Retail 2,563
 2,479
 84
 5,220
 4,999
 221
 2,600
 2,657
 (57)
Multifamily 2,529
 2,326
 203
 4,850
 4,548
 302
 2,639
 2,321
 318
 $6,522
 $6,171
 $351
 $12,946
 $12,239
 $707
 $6,725
 $6,424
 $301
 
Office rental expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 increased 4.7% and 6.8%, respectively,2.8% compared to the corresponding periods in 2017three months ended March 31, 2018, primarily as a result of higher occupancy at 4525 Main Street and increased operating expenses across the office portfolio. acquisition of One City Center.

Retail rental expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 increased 3.4% and 4.4%, respectively,March 31, 2019 decreased 2.1% compared to the corresponding periods in 2017three months ended March 31, 2018, primarily as a result of lower ground rent expense related to the disposal of the leasehold interest in the building previously leased by Home Depot at Broad Creek Shopping Center, which more than offset the increases from the acquisition of the additional outparcel phase of Wendover Village in February 2019, the three property acquisitions. acquisitions completed during 2018, and the commencement of operations at Premier Retail (Part of Town Center Phase IV) in the third quarter of 2018.

Multifamily rental expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 increased 8.7% and 6.6%, respectively,13.7% compared to the corresponding periods in 2017three months ended March 31, 2018, primarily due to higher occupancyas a result of the commencement of operations at Greenside and Premier Apartments (Part of Town Center Phase IV) during 2018. The increase was partially offset by lower ground rent expense at Johns Hopkins Village.Village as a result of reduced rent pursuant to the amendment to the ground lease executed in March 2018.

Real estate taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2019 increased $0.3 million compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018 as follows: 
  Three Months Ended March 31,  
  2019 2018 Change
  (unaudited, in thousands)
Office $526
 $502
 $24
Retail 1,811
 1,683
 128
Multifamily 791
 628
 163
  $3,128
 $2,813
 $315
Office real estate taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2019 increased 4.8% compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018 due to the acquisition of One City Center.

Retail real estate taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2019 increased 7.6% compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018, primarily as a result of the three property acquisitions completed during 2018 and the commencement of operations at Premier Retail (Part of Town Center Phase IV) in the third quarter of 2018. These increases were partially

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Real estate taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 increased $0.1 million and $0.4 million compared to the corresponding periods in 2017 as follows: 
  Three Months Ended June 30,   Six Months Ended June 30,  
  2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
  (unaudited, $ in thousands)
Office $502
 $450
 $52
 $1,004
 $900
 $104
Retail 1,656
 1,520
 136
 3,339
 2,969
 370
Multifamily 577
 625
 (48) 1,205
 1,235
 (30)
  $2,735
 $2,595
 $140
 $5,548
 $5,104
 $444
Office real estate taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 increased 11.6% and 11.6%, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2017 due to increased assessments across the office portfolio partially offset by the saledisposal of the Commonwealth of Virginia-Chesapeake and Commonwealth of Virginia-Virginia Beach office buildings. Retail real estate taxes forleasehold interest in the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 increased 8.9% and 12.5%, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2017 as a result of acquisitions and increases from new tax assessments. building previously leased by Home Depot at Broad Creek Shopping Center.

Multifamily real estate taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 decreased 7.7% and 2.4%, respectively,March 31, 2019 increased 26.0% compared to the corresponding periods in 2017three months ended March 31, 2018, as a result of lower assessmentsthe commencement of operations at LibertyGreenside and Premier Apartments and The Cosmopolitan.(Part of Town Center Phase IV) during 2018.

General contracting and real estate services expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 decreased 62.8% and 63.1%, respectively,27.3% compared to the corresponding periodsthree months ended March 31, 2018. While we have significant backlog, particularly with regards to the Interlock Commercial and Solis Apartments projects, these projects were in 2017 as there were no significant new third-party contractsthe early stages during the six months ended June 30, 2018.first quarter of 2019. During the 2018 period, we recognized higher expenses primarily relating to One City Center, Point Street, and Dinwiddie Municipal.

Depreciation and amortization for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 decreased 1.3% and 1.7%, respectively,March 31, 2019 increased 6.7% compared to the corresponding periods in 2017three months ended March 31, 2018 as a result of in-place leases associated with previously acquireddevelopment properties that became fully amortized subsequent to June 30, 2017, partially offset by propertyplaced in service and acquisitions that occurred subsequent to June 30, 2017.of operating properties.
 
General and administrative expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 remained largely consistentMarch 31, 2019 increased 14.9% compared to the corresponding periods in 2017.three months ended March 31, 2018 primarily as a result of higher salaries, benefits, and professional fees.
 
Acquisition, development and other pursuit costs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 decreased significantlyMarch 31, 2019 increased $0.3 million compared to the corresponding periods in 2017. The costs incurred in the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 wereMarch 31, 2018 primarily relateddue to the write off of costs relating to a potential acquisitiondevelopment that was abandoned.

Interest income forabandoned during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 increased 43.2% and 50.8%, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2017 due to higher notes receivable balances, including the North Decatur Square mezzanine loan originated in May 2017 and the Delray Plaza mezzanine loan originated in October 2017.March 31, 2019.

Interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2018 was consistent with the corresponding period in 2017. Interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2018 decreased 1.8%March 31, 2019 increased 34.6% compared to the corresponding period in 2017three months ended March 31, 2018 primarily as a result of refinancing activities that lowered the increase in interest rates between periods as well as increased borrowings on certainthe corporate credit facility, increased borrowings on construction loans, and additional borrowings on operating property loans.

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, we recognized a gain of $3.4 million on our sale of the Greentree Wawa outparcel. There were no gains on sale recognized during the three months ended June 30, 2018 or 2017 of the six months ended June 30, 2018.

The change in fair value of interest rate derivatives was not significant for the three months ended June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 was negative due to a downward shift in forward LIBOR rates, particularly as it relates to projected rates two years from now and 2017.beyond. The change in fair value of interest rate derivatives increased $0.7 million duringfor the sixthree months ended June 30,March 31, 2018 as comparedwas positive based on market expectations at that time that floating interest rates would continue to the six months ended June 30, 2017 due to significant changes in forward LIBOR (the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate). rise.

Income tax benefit and provision that we recognized during the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018, and 2017, respectively, were attributable to the taxable profits and losses of our development and construction businesses that we operate through our TRS.
 

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Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Overview
 
We believe our primary short-term liquidity requirements consist of general contractor expenses, operating expenses and other expenditures associated with our properties, including tenant improvements, leasing commissions and leasing incentives, dividend payments to our stockholders required to maintain our REIT qualification, debt service, capital expenditures, new real estate development projects, mezzanine loan funding requirements, and strategic acquisitions. We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements through net cash provided by operations, reserves established from existing cash, borrowings under construction loans, to fund new real estate development and construction, borrowings available under our credit facility, and net proceeds from the sale of common stock through our at-the-market continuous equity offering program (the "ATM Program"), which is discussed below.
 
Our long-term liquidity needs consist primarily of funds necessary for the repayment of debt at or prior to maturity, general contracting expenses, property development and acquisitions, tenant improvements, capital improvements, and capital improvements.mezzanine loan funding requirements. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements with net cash from operations, long-term secured and unsecured indebtedness, and the issuance of equity and debt securities. We also may fund property development and acquisitions and capital improvements using our credit facility pending long-term financing.
 
As of June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, we had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $12.3$15.6 million available for both current liquidity needs as well as development activities. We also had restricted cash in escrow of $3.1$3.4 million, some of which is available for capital expenditures at our operating properties. As of March 31, 2019, we had $56.6 million available for property improvements and required maintenance. As of June 30, 2018, we had $64.9 million of available borrowings under our credit facility to meet our short-term liquidity requirements and $129.7$40.2 million of available borrowings under our construction loans to fund our development projects.activities.

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, we began to address the fiveWe have no loans originally scheduled to mature during 2018. Boththe remainder of the Columbus Village loans were paid off, and the Sandbridge Commons loan was extended for five years. Additionally, on July 27, 2018, the Johns Hopkins Village loan was refinanced with a new loan that matures on August 7, 2025.2019.
 
ATM Program

On February 26, 2018, we commenced our ATM Program through which we may,are able to, from time to time, issue and sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $125.0 million. During the sixthree months ended June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, we issued and sold an aggregate of 3,542,1782,071,000 shares of common stock at an average price of $14.07$14.78 per share under the ATM Program, receiving net proceeds, after offering costs and commissions, of $49.1$30.2 million. As of April 30, 2019, we had $26.5 million in remaining availability under the 2018 ATM Program.

Credit Facility

On October 26, 2017, we entered into an amended and restated credit agreement (the “credit agreement”), which provides forWe have a $300.0 millionsenior credit facility that was modified on January 31, 2019 to increase the maximum total commitments to $355.0 million, comprised of a $150.0 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the “revolving"revolving credit facility”facility") and a $150.0$205.0 million senior unsecured term loan facility (the “term"term loan facility”facility" and, together with the revolving credit facility, the “credit facility”)"credit facility), with a syndicate of banks. The credit facility replaced our prior $150.0 million revolving credit facility, which was scheduled to mature on February 20, 2019, and our prior $125.0 million term loan facility, which was scheduled to mature on February 20, 2021. We intend to use future borrowings under the credit facility for general corporate purposes, including funding acquisitions, mezzanine lending, and development and redevelopment of properties in our portfolio, and for working capital.

The credit facility includes an accordion feature that allows the total commitments to be further increased to $450.0 million, subject to certain conditions, including obtaining commitments from any one or more lenders. On March 28, 2018, our Operating Partnership increased the maximum commitments of the credit facility to $330.0 million using the accordion feature, with an increase of the term loan facility to $180.0 million. The revolving credit facility has a scheduled maturity date of October 26, 2021, with two six-month extension options, subject to certain conditions, including payment of a 0.075% extension fee at each extension. The term loan facility has a scheduled maturity date of October 26, 2022.

The revolving credit facility bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 1.40% to 2.00% and the term loan facility bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 1.35% to 1.95%, in each case depending on our total leverage. We are also obligated to pay an unused commitment fee of 15 or 25 basis points on the unused portions of the commitments under the revolving credit facility, depending on the amount of borrowings under the credit facility. If we attain investment grade

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credit ratings from S&P and Moody’s, we may elect to have borrowings become subject to interest rates based on our credit ratings.

The Operating Partnership is the borrower under the credit facility, and its obligations under the credit facility are guaranteed by us and certain of its subsidiaries that are not otherwise prohibited from providing such guaranty.


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The credit agreement contains customary representations and warranties and financial and other affirmative and negative covenants. Our ability to borrow under the credit facility is subject to our ongoing compliance with a number of financial covenants, affirmative covenants and other restrictions, including the following:

Total leverage ratio of not more than 60% (or 65% for the two consecutive quarters following any acquisition that is equal to or greater than 10% of our total asset value (as defined in the credit agreement), but only up to two times during the term of the credit facility);
Ratio of adjusted EBITDA (as defined in the credit agreement) to fixed charges of not less than 1.50 to 1.0;
Tangible net worth of not less than the sum of 75% of tangible net worth (as defined in the credit agreement) as of September 30, 2017 and 75% of the net equity proceeds received after June 30, 2017;
Ratio of secured indebtedness to total asset value of not more than 40%;
Ratio of secured recourse debt to total asset value of not more than 20%;
Total unsecured leverage ratio of not more than 60% (or 65% for the two consecutive quarters following any acquisition that is equal to or greater than 10% of our total asset value, but only up to two times during the term of the credit facility);
Unencumbered interest coverage ratio (as defined in the credit agreement) of not less than 1.75 to 1.0;
Ratio of unencumbered NOI (as defined in the credit agreement) to all unsecured debt of not less than 12%;
Maintenance of a minimum of at least 15 unencumbered properties (as defined in the credit agreement) with an unencumbered asset value (as defined in the credit agreement) of not less than $300.0 million at any time; and
Minimum occupancy rate (as defined in the credit agreement) for all unencumbered properties of not less than 80% at any time.

The credit facility limits our ability to pay cash dividends. However, so long as no default or event of default exists, the credit agreement allows us to pay cash dividends with respect to any 12-month period in an amount not to exceed the greater of: (i) 95% of adjusted funds from operations (as defined in the credit agreement) or (ii) the amount required for us (a) to maintain our status as a REIT and (b) to avoid income or excise tax under the Code. If certain defaults or events of default exist, we may pay cash dividends with respect to any 12-month period to the extent necessary to maintain our status as a REIT. The credit facility also restricts the amount of capital that we can invest in specific categories of assets, such as unimproved land holdings, development properties, notes receivable, mortgages, mezzanine loans and unconsolidated affiliates, and restricts the amount of stock and OPOperating Partnership units that we may repurchase during the term of the credit facility.

We may, at any time, voluntarily prepay any loan under the credit facility in whole or in part without premium or penalty.penalty, except for those portions subject to an interest rate swap agreement.

The credit agreement includes customary events of default, in certain cases subject to customary periods to cure. The occurrence of an event of default, following the applicable cure period, would permit the lenders to, among other things, declare the unpaid principal, accrued and unpaid interest and all other amounts payable under the credit facility to be immediately due and payable.

We are currently in compliance with all covenants under the credit agreement.

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Consolidated Indebtedness
 
The following table sets forth our consolidated indebtedness as of June 30, 2018March 31, 2019 ($ in thousands): 
 Amount Outstanding    Interest Rate (a) Effective Rate for Variable
Debt
    Maturity Date Balance at Maturity Amount Outstanding    Interest Rate (a) Effective Rate for Variable
Debt
    Maturity Date Balance at Maturity
Secured Debt         




 



 

Johns Hopkins Village $46,698
(b)LIBOR+1.90%
 3.99% July 30, 2018 $46,698
Lightfoot Marketplace 10,500
 LIBOR+1.75%
 3.84% November 14, 2018 10,500
North Point Note 1 9,463
 6.45%  
 February 5, 2019 9,333
Harding Place 14,884
 LIBOR+2.95%
 5.04% February 24, 2020 14,884
Town Center Phase VI 12,712
 LIBOR+3.50%
 5.59% June 29, 2020 12,712
Hoffler Place 1,417
 LIBOR+3.24%
   January 1, 2021 1,417
Summit Place 588
 LIBOR+3.24%
   January 1, 2021 588
Greenside (Harding Place) $27,409

LIBOR + 2.95%
 5.44%
February 24, 2020 $27,409
Premier (Town Center Phase VI) 21,830

LIBOR + 2.75%
 5.24%
June 29, 2020 21,830
Hoffler Place (King Street) 19,337

LIBOR + 3.24%
 5.73%
January 1, 2021 19,337
Summit Place (Meeting Street) 19,529

LIBOR + 3.24%
 5.73%
January 1, 2021 19,529
Southgate Square 21,882
 LIBOR+1.60%
 3.69% April 29, 2021 19,462
 21,222

LIBOR + 1.60%
 4.09%
April 29, 2021 19,462
4525 Main Street 32,034
(c)3.25%   September 10, 2021 30,774
Encore Apartments 24,966
(c)3.25%   September 10, 2021 24,006
4525 Main Street (b) 32,034

3.25% 3.25%
September 10, 2021 30,774
Encore Apartments (b) 24,966

3.25% 3.25%
September 10, 2021 24,006
Hanbury Village 19,262
 3.78%   August 15, 2022 17,109
 18,892

3.78% 3.78%
August 15, 2022 17,121
Socastee Commons 4,721
(d)  4.57%  
 January 6, 2023 4,223
 4,645

4.57% 4.57%
January 6, 2023 4,223
Sandbridge Commons 8,372
 LIBOR+1.75%
 3.84% January 17, 2023 7,247
 8,199

LIBOR + 1.75%
 4.24%
January 17, 2023 7,248
249 Central Park Retail 17,150
(e)LIBOR+1.60%
 3.69% August 10, 2023 15,935
South Retail 7,529
(e)LIBOR+1.60%
 3.69% August 10, 2023 6,992
Fountain Plaza Retail 10,321
(e)LIBOR+1.60%
 3.69% August 10, 2023 9,594
River City 
 LIBOR+1.50%
 % May 31, 2019 
Brooks Crossing office tower 131
 LIBOR+1.60%
 3.69% July 1, 2025 131
North Point Note 2 2,404
 7.25%  
 September 15, 2025 1,344
249 Central Park Retail (c) 16,992

LIBOR + 1.60%
 3.85%(d)August 10, 2023 15,935
South Retail (c) 7,460

LIBOR + 1.60%
 3.85%(d)August 10, 2023 6,996
Fountain Plaza Retail (c) 10,226

LIBOR + 1.60%
 3.85%(d)August 10, 2023 9,589
Lightfoot Marketplace 17,900

LIBOR + 1.75%
 4.77%(e)October 12, 2023 17,900
One City Center 25,625
 LIBOR + 1.85%
 4.34%
April 1, 2024 22,559
Brooks Crossing Office 11,222

LIBOR + 1.60%
 4.09%
July 1, 2025 11,222
Market at Mill Creek 13,549

LIBOR + 1.55%
 4.04%
July 12, 2025 13,549
Johns Hopkins Village 52,477

LIBOR + 1.25%
 4.19%(f)August 7, 2025 45,967
North Point Center Note 2 2,317

7.25% 7.25%
September 15, 2025 1,344
Lexington Square 14,860

4.50% 4.50%
September 1, 2028 12,044
Smith's Landing 19,378
 4.05%  
 June 1, 2035 
 18,783

4.05% 4.05%
June 1, 2035 
Liberty Apartments 14,567
(d)  5.66%  
 November 1, 2043 
 14,370

5.66% 5.66%
November 1, 2043 
The Cosmopolitan 44,842
 3.35%  
 July 1, 2051 
 44,279

3.35% 3.35%
July 1, 2051 
Total secured debt $323,821
  
  
   $232,949
 $448,123
  
  
   $348,044
Unsecured Debt  
  
  
    
  
  
  
    
Senior unsecured revolving credit facility 83,000
 LIBOR+1.40% to 2.00%
 3.84% October 26, 2021 83,000
 91,000
 LIBOR+1.40%-2.00%
 4.04%
October 26, 2021 91,000
Senior unsecured term loan 80,000
 LIBOR+1.35% to 1.95%
 3.79% October 26, 2022 80,000
 55,000
 LIBOR+1.35%-1.95%
 3.99%
October 26, 2022 55,000
Senior unsecured term loan 50,000
 LIBOR+1.35% to 1.95%
 3.70%(f)October 26, 2022 50,000
 150,000
 LIBOR+1.35%-1.95%
 3.50% - 4.28%
(d)(f)October 26, 2022 150,000
Senior unsecured term loan 50,000
 LIBOR+1.35% to 1.95%
 4.48%(f)  October 26, 2022 50,000
Total unsecured debt $263,000
  
  
   $263,000
 $296,000
  
  
   $296,000
Total principal balances 586,821
     495,949
 $744,123
     $644,044
Unamortized GAAP adjustments (6,375)  
  
   
 (6,502)  
  
   
Indebtedness, net $580,446
  
  
   $495,949
 $737,621
  
  
   $644,044
        

(a)    LIBOR rate is determined by individual lenders.
(b)    Loan was refinanced on July 27, 2018.Cross collateralized.
(c)    Cross collateralized.
(d)    Principal balance excluding fair value adjustments.
(e)    Cross collateralized.
(f)    SubjectIncludes debt subject to an interest rate swap agreement.locks, established April 4, 2019.
(e)    Includes $10.5 million of debt subject to interest rate swap locks.
(f)    Includes debt subject to interest rate swap locks.



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We are currently in compliance with all covenants on our outstanding indebtedness.

As of June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, our principal payments during the following years are as follows ($ in thousands): 
Year(1)
Year(1)
 
Amount Due 
 
Percentage of Total 
Year(1)
 
Amount Due 
 
Percentage of Total 
2018 $59,337
 10%
20192019 13,773
 2%2019 $4,588
 1%
20202020 33,156
 6%2020 56,454
 7%
20212021 163,812
 28%2021 210,570
 28%
20222022 200,590
 34%2022 227,595
 31%
20232023 66,617
 9%
ThereafterThereafter 116,153
 20%Thereafter 178,299
 24%
  $586,821
 100%  $744,123
 100%
        

(1) Does not reflect the effect of any maturity extension options.

On January 22, 2018, we extended the maturity date of our Sandbridge Commons mortgage. The loan bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread of 1.75% and will mature on January 17, 2023.

On March 27, 2018, we paid off Columbus Village Note 1 and Columbus Village Note 2 in full for an aggregate amount of $8.3 million.

On May 31, 2018, we modified the Southgate Square note. The principal amount of the note was increased to $22 million, and the note now bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread of 1.60%. This note will still mature on April 29, 2021.

On June 1, 2018, we entered into a $16.3 million construction loan for the River City industrial development project in Chesterfield, Virginia. The loan bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread of 1.50% and will mature on May 31, 2019.

On June 14, 2018, we extended and modified the note secured by 249 Central Park Retail, Fountain Plaza Retail, and South Retail. The principal amount of the note was increased to $35.0 million and bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread of 1.60%. The note will mature on August 10, 2023.

On June 29, 2018, we entered into a $15.6 million construction loan for the Brooks Crossing office tower development project. The loan bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread of 1.60% and will mature on July 1, 2025.

On July 12, 2018, we entered into a $16.2 million construction loan for the Market at Mill Creek development project in Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina. The loan bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread of 1.55% and will mature on July 12, 2025.

On July 27, 2018, we extended and modified the Johns Hopkins Village note. The principal amount of the note was increased to $53.0 million. The note bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread of 1.25% and will mature on August 7, 2025. We simultaneously entered into an interest rate swap agreement that effectively fixes the interest rate at 4.19% for the term of the loan.

Interest Rate Derivatives
 
On February 20, 2015, we entered into a $50.0 million floating-to-fixed interest rate swap attributable to one-month LIBOR indexed interest payments. The $50.0 million interest rate swap has a fixed rate of 2.00%, an effective date of March 1, 2016 and a maturity date of February 20, 2020. We entered into this interest rate swap agreement in connection with the $50.0 million senior unsecured term loan facility that bears interest at LIBOR plus 1.35% to 1.95%, depending on our total leverage.

On March 7,April 23, 2018, the Operating Partnershipwe entered into a floating-to-fixed interest rate swap attributable to one-month LIBOR-indexed interest payments with a notional amount of $50.0 million. The interest rate swap has a fixed rate of 2.78%, an effective date of May 1, 2018, and a maturity date of May 1, 2023.

On July 27, 2018, we entered into a LIBOR interest rate capswap agreement on a notional amount of $50.0 million at a strikethat effectively fixes the interest rate of 2.25%the new Johns Hopkins Village note payable at 4.19% per annum with a maturity date of August 7, 2025. We designated the interest rate swap as a cash flow hedge for accounting purposes.

On October 12, 2018, we entered into a premiumLIBOR interest rate swap agreement that effectively fixes the interest rate of $0.3 million.the initial $10.5 million tranche of the new Lightfoot Marketplace note payable at 4.77% per annum until stabilization and 4.62% per annum thereafter. The swap matures on October 12, 2023. We designated the interest rate swap as a cash flow hedge for accounting purposes.

As of March 31, 2019, we were party to the following LIBOR interest rate cap expires on April 1, 2020.agreements ($ in thousands): 
Effective Date Maturity Date Strike Rate Notional Amount
June 23, 2017 July 1, 2019 1.50% $50,000
September 18, 2017 October 1, 2019 1.50% 50,000
November 28, 2017 December 1, 2019 1.50% 50,000
March 7, 2018 April 1, 2020 2.25% 50,000
July 16, 2018 August 1, 2020 2.50% 50,000
December 11, 2018 January 1, 2021 2.75% 50,000
Total     $300,000

On April 23, 2018,4, 2019, we entered into a floating-to-fixed interest rate swap attributable to one-month LIBOR indexed interest payments with a notional amount of $50.0 million. The interest rate swap has a fixed rate of 2.783%2.26%, an effective date of MayApril 1, 2018,2019, and a maturity date of MayOctober 22, 2022.

On April 4, 2019, we entered into a floating-to-fixed interest rate swap attributable to one-month LIBOR indexed interest payments with an initial notional amount of $34.6 million (amortizing). The interest rate swap has a fixed rate of 2.25%, an effective date of April 1, 2019, and a maturity date of August 10, 2023.

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On July 16, 2018, the Operating Partnership entered into a LIBOR interest rate cap agreement on a notional amount of $50.0 million at a strike rate of 2.50% for a premium of $0.3 million. The interest rate cap expires on August 1, 2020.

As of June 30, 2018, we were party to the following LIBOR interest rate cap agreements ($ in thousands): 
Effective Date Maturity Date Strike Rate Notional Amount
February 7, 2017 March 1, 2019 1.50% 50,000
June 23, 2017 July 1, 2019 1.50% 50,000
September 18, 2017 October 1, 2019 1.50% 50,000
November 28, 2017 December 1, 2019 1.50% 50,000
March 7, 2018 April 1, 2020 2.25% 50,000
Total     $250,000
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
We have entered into standby letters of credit using the available capacity under the credit facility. Letters of credit generally are available for draw down in the event we do not perform. As of June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, we had an outstanding standby letterletters of credit for $2.1$2.4 million that expiresexpire during 2018.2019. However, our standby letters of credit may be renewed for additional periods until completionrequired conditions are satisfied. The letters of the related construction contracts. The amountcredit outstanding at June 30, 2018 was comprised of a $2.1 million letter of creditMarch 31, 2019 related primarily to the guarantee on the 1405 Point senior construction loan. This letter of credit was released on April 25, 2019.

In connection with the our mezzanine lending activities, we have guaranteed payment of portions of certain senior loans of third parties associated with the development projects. The following table summarizes the guarantees we made as of March 31, 2019 (in thousands):
Development project Payment guarantee amount 
1405 Point $25,000
(a)
The Residences at Annapolis Junction 8,300
 
Delray Plaza 5,180
 
Nexton Square 12,600
 
Interlock Commercial 
(b)
Total $51,080
 

(a) On April 25, 2019, we exercised our option to purchase 79% of the partnership that owns 1405 Point.
(b) As of March 31, 2019, this $30.7 million payment guarantee was not yet effective because the senior construction loan had not yet been executed. On April 19, 2019, the senior construction loan was executed, and the payment guarantee became effective. We now also guarantee completion of the development project to the senior lender. We have also guaranteed completion of the development project to Georgia Tech, the ground lessor.

Cash Flows
 Six Months Ended June 30,   Three Months Ended March 31,  
 2018 2017 Change 2019 2018 Change
 ($ in thousands) (in thousands)
Operating Activities $11,260
 $16,974
 $(5,714) $16,079
 $4,050
 $12,029
Investing Activities (103,118) (33,968) (69,150) (79,803) (67,528) (12,275)
Financing Activities 84,360
 13,527
 70,833
 58,632
 59,868
 (1,236)
Net Increase (Decrease) $(7,498) $(3,467) $(4,031)
Net Decrease $(5,092) $(3,610) $(1,482)
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash, Beginning of Period $22,916
 $25,193
   $24,051
 $22,916
  
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash, End of Period $15,418
 $21,726
   $18,959
 $19,306
  
 
Net cash provided by operating activities during the sixthree months ended June 30, 2018 decreased 33.7%March 31, 2019 increased $12.0 million compared to the sixthree months ended June 30, 2017,March 31, 2018 primarily as a result of timing differences in operating assets and liabilities.liabilities as well as increased net operating income from the property portfolio.
 
During the sixthree months ended June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, we invested $69.2$12.3 million more in cash compared to the sixthree months ended June 30, 2017March 31, 2018 due to increased development activity, andwhich was partially offset by less cash invested in the acquisition of two operating properties.
 
Net cash provided by financing activities during the sixthree months ended June 30, 2018 increased $70.8 million as compared to the sixMarch 31, 2019 was relatively consistent with that for three months ended June 30, 2017, primarily as a result of increased borrowings under the credit facility.March 31, 2018.
 
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
 
We calculate FFO in accordance with the standards established by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“Nareit”("Nareit"). Nareit defines FFO as net income (loss) (calculated in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (or losses) from sales of depreciable operating property, real estate related depreciation and amortization (excluding amortization of

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deferred financing costs), impairment of real estate assets, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures.
 
FFO is a supplemental non-GAAP financial measure. Management uses FFO as a supplemental performance measure because we believe that FFO is beneficial to investors as a starting point in measuring our operational performance. Specifically, in excluding real estate related depreciation and amortization and gains and losses from property dispositions, which do not relate to or are not indicative of operating performance, FFO provides a performance measure that, when compared year-over-year, captures trends in occupancy rates, rental rates and operating costs. We also believe that, as a widely recognized measure of the performance of REITs, FFO will be used by investors as a basis to compare our operating performance with that of other REITs.
 

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However, because FFO excludes depreciation and amortization and captures neither the changes in the value of our properties that result from use or market conditions nor the level of capital expenditures and leasing commissions necessary to maintain the operating performance of our properties, all of which have real economic effects and could materially impact our results from operations, the utility of FFO as a measure of our performance is limited. In addition, other equity REITs may not calculate FFO in accordance with the Nareit definition as we do, and, accordingly, our calculation of FFO may not be comparable to such other REITs’ calculation of FFO. Accordingly, FFO should be considered only as a supplement to net income as a measure of our performance. FFO should not be used as a measure of our liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to pay dividends or service indebtedness. Also, FFO should not be used as a supplement to or substitute for cash flow from operating activities computed in accordance with GAAP.

We also believe that the computation of FFO in accordance with Nareit’s definition includes certain items that are not indicative of the results provided by our operating property portfolio and affect the comparability of our year-over-year performance. Accordingly, management believes that Normalized FFO is a more useful performance measure that excludes certain items, including but not limited to, debt extinguishment losses and prepayment penalties, impairment of intangible assets and liabilities, property acquisition, development and other pursuit costs, mark-to-market adjustments for interest rate derivatives, severance related costs, and other non-comparable items.
 
The following table sets forth a reconciliation of FFO and Normalized FFO for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2019 and 2018 and 2017 to net income, the most directly comparable GAAP measure: 
 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, Three Months Ended March 31,
 2018 2017 2018 2017 2019 2018
 (in thousands, except per share and unit amounts) (in thousands, except per share and unit amounts)
Net income $5,945
 $4,943
 $12,928
 $13,696
 $6,514
 $6,983
Depreciation and amortization(1) 9,179
 9,304
 18,457
 18,779
 10,129
 9,278
(Gain) loss on operating real estate dispositions 
 
 
 (3,395)
Funds from operations $15,124
 $14,247
 $31,385
 $29,080
 $16,643
 $16,261
Acquisition, development and other pursuit costs 9
 369
 93
 416
 400
 84
Impairment charges 98
 27
 98
 31
Change in fair value of interest rate derivatives 11
 81
 (958) (213) 1,463
 (969)
Normalized funds from operations $15,242
 $14,724
 $30,618
 $29,314
 $18,506
 $15,376
Net income per diluted share and unit $0.09
 $0.08
 $0.21
 $0.24
 $0.10
 $0.11
FFO per diluted share and unit $0.24
 $0.24
 $0.50
 $0.50
 $0.25
 $0.26
Normalized FFO per diluted share and unit $0.24
 $0.25
 $0.49
 $0.51
 $0.27
 $0.25
Weighted average common shares and units - diluted 63,214
 59,936
 62,878
 57,718
 67,919
 62,538
(1) The adjustment for depreciation and amortization includes $0.2 million of depreciation attributable to the Company's investment in One City Center from January 1, 2019 to March 14, 2019, which was an unconsolidated real estate investment during this period.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements that have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to exercise our best judgment in making estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses. We base our estimates on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis, based upon then-currently available information. Actual results

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could differ from these estimates. We discuss the accounting policies and estimates that are most critical to understanding our reported financial results in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.2018.

On January 1, 2018, weFebruary 25, 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued an Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") that requires lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets as lease liabilities with corresponding right-of-use assets (ASU 2016-02—Leases (Topic 842)). The new standard also makes targeted changes to lessor accounting. We adopted the new accounting standard codifiedon January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented as permitted in Accounting Standards Codification 606 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers. We recognize general contracting revenues as a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. For each construction contract, we identify the performance obligations, which typically include the delivery of a single building constructed according to the specifications of the contract. We estimate the total transaction price, which generally includes a fixed contract price and may also include variable components such as early completion bonuses, liquidated damages, or cost savings to be shared with the customer. Variable components of the contract price are included in the transaction price to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur. We recognize the estimated transaction price as revenue as we satisfy our performance obligations; we estimate our progress in satisfying performance obligations for each contract using the percentage-of-completion method, based on the proportion of incurred costs to total estimated construction costs at completion. Construction contract costs include all direct material, direct labor, subcontract costs, and overhead costs("ASC") Topic 842.

In addition, we elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which allowed us to not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and not reassess initial direct costs for existing leases. As of March 31, 2019, we do not have any leases classified as finance leases. We also elected a practical expedient that allowed us to not separate non-lease components from lease components and instead to account for each lease and non-lease component as a single lease component. The adoption of the new standard as of January 1, 2019 did not impact our consolidated results of operations and had no impact on cash flows.
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As a lessee we have six ground leases on five properties with initial terms that range from 20 to 65 years and options to extend up to an additional 70 years in certain cases. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term. We recognize lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Our lease agreements do not contain any residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

The long-term ground leases, represent a majority of our current operating lease payments. We recorded right-of-use assets totaling $32.2 million and lease liabilities totaling $41.4 million upon adopting this standard on January 1, 2019. We utilized a weighted average discount rate of 5.4% to measure our lease liabilities upon adoption.

As a lessor we lease our properties under operating leases and recognize base rents on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We also recognize revenue from tenant recoveries, through which tenants reimburse us on an accrual basis for certain expenses such as utilities, janitorial services, repairs and maintenance, security and alarms, parking lot and ground maintenance, administrative services, management fees, insurance, and real estate taxes. Rental revenues are reduced by the amount of any leasing incentives amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the applicable lease. In addition, we recognize contingent rental revenue (e.g., percentage rents based on tenant sales thresholds) when the sales thresholds are met. Many tenant leases include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from one to 15 years or more. The exercise of lease renewal options is at the tenant's sole discretion. We include a renewal period in the lease term only if it appears at lease inception that the renewal is reasonably assured.

The new standard includes new considerations regarding the recognition of rental revenue when collection is not probable. We changed our presentation and measurement of charges for uncollectable lease revenue associated with office, retail, and residential leasing activity, reflecting those amounts as a component of rental income on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2019. However, in accordance with our prospective adoption of the standard, we did not adjust the prior year period presentation of charges for uncollectable lease revenue associated with its office, retail, and residential leasing activity as a component of operating expenses, excluding property taxes, on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Instead, we recorded a combined adjustment of $0.2 million to the opening balances for distributions in excess of earnings and noncontrolling interest relating to receivables where collection of substantially all operating lease payments was not probable as of January 1, 2019.

Lease-related receivables, which include contractual amounts accrued and unpaid from tenants and accrued straight-line rents receivable, are reduced for credit losses. Such amounts are recognized as a reduction to real estate rental revenues. We evaluate the collectability of lease receivables using several factors, including a lessee’s creditworthiness. We recognize a credit loss on lease-related receivables when, in the opinion of management, collection of substantially all lease payments is not probable. When collectability is determined not probable, any lease income subsequent to recognizing the credit loss is limited to the lesser of the lease income reflected on a straight-line basis or cash collected.


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directly related to contract performance. Changes in job performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability, including those arising from contract penalty provisions and final contract settlements, are all significant judgments that may result in revisions to costs and income and are recognized in the period in which they are determined. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are recognized immediately in the period in which such losses are determined. We defer pre-contract costs when such costs are directly associated with specific anticipated contracts and their recovery is probable.
We recognize real estate services revenues from property development and management as we satisfy our performance obligations under these service arrangements.

We assess whether multiple contracts with a single counterparty should be combined into a single contract for the revenue recognition purposes based on factors such as the timing of the negotiation and execution of the contracts and whether the economic substance of the contracts was contemplated separately or in tandem.
Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
 
The primary market risk to which we are exposed is interest rate risk. Our primary interest rate exposure is LIBOR. We primarily use fixed interest rate financing to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. On a limited basis, we also use derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk. We do not use these derivatives for trading or other speculative purposes.
 
At June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019 and excluding unamortized GAAP adjustments, approximately $271.6$422.8 million, or 46.3%56.8%, of our debt had fixed interest rates and approximately $315.2$321.3 million, or 53.7%43.2%, had variable interest rates. At June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, LIBOR was approximately 209249 basis points. Assuming no increase in the level of our variable rate debt, if LIBOR increased by 100 basis points, our cash flow would decrease by less than $0.1only $0.7 million per year as a result of the interest rate caps. Assuming no increase in the level of our variable rate debt, if LIBOR decreased by 100 basis points, our cash flow would increase by approximately $2.0$1.6 million per year.

Item 4.    Controls and Procedures
 
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is processed, recorded, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and regulations of the SEC and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
 
We have carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, regarding the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, the end of the period covered by this report. Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded, as of June 30, 2018,March 31, 2019, that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act: (i) is processed, recorded, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
 
There have been no changes to our internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this reportquarter ended March 31, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


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Part II. Other Information
 
Item  1.    Legal Proceedings
 
We are not currently a party, as plaintiff or defendant, to any legal proceedings that we believe to be material or which, individually or in the aggregate, would be expected to have a material effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations if determined adversely to us. We may be subject to ongoing litigation relating to our portfolio and the properties comprising our portfolio, and we expect to otherwise be party from time to time to various lawsuits, claims, and other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business.

Item  1A.    Risk Factors
 
There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.2018. 
 
Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
 
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
 
None.Subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, holders of Class A Units in the Operating Partnership may tender their units for redemption by the Operating Partnership in exchange for cash equal to the market price of shares of the Company’s common stock at the time of redemption or, at the Company’s option and sole discretion, for shares of common stock on a one-for-one basis. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company elected to satisfy certain redemption requests by issuing a total of 117,505 shares of common stock in reliance upon an exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

None.During the three months ended March 31, 2019, certain of our employees surrendered shares of common stock owned by them to satisfy their minimum statutory federal and state tax obligations associated with the vesting of restricted shares of common stock issued under our Amended and Restated 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the "Amended Plan"). The following table summarizes all of these repurchases during the three months ended March 31, 2019.  
Period 
Total Number of Shares Purchased(1)
 
Average Price Paid for Shares(1)
 Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
January 1, 2019 through January 31, 2019 
 $
 N/A N/A
February 1, 2019 through February 28, 2019 
 
 N/A N/A
March 1, 2019 through March 31, 2019 19,245
 15.20
 N/A N/A
Total 19,245
 $15.20
    
(1)The number of shares purchased represents shares of common stock surrendered by certain of our employees to satisfy their statutory minimum federal and state tax obligations associated with the vesting of restricted shares of common stock issued under the Amended Plan. With respect to these shares, the price paid per share is based on the fair value at the time of surrender.
 
Item  3.    Defaults on Senior Securities
 
None.
 
Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures
 
Not applicable.

Item 5.    Other Information
 
None.
 

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Item 6.    Exhibits
 
The exhibits listed in the accompanying Exhibit Index are filed, furnished or incorporated by reference (as applicable) as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Exhibit No. Description
31.1
 
   
31.2 
   
32.1 
   
32.2 
   
101.INS XBRL Instance Document
   
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
   
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
   
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
   
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
   
101.DEF XBRL Definition Linkbase
   
*Filed herewith
   
**Furnished herewith

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Signatures
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
  
 ARMADA HOFFLER PROPERTIES, INC.
  
Date: August 1, 2018May 8, 2019/s/ LOUISLouis S. HADDADHaddad
 Louis S. Haddad
 President and Chief Executive Officer
 (Principal Executive Officer)
  
Date: August 1, 2018May 8, 2019/s/ MICHAELMichael P. O’HARAO’Hara
 Michael P. O’Hara
 Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and TreasurerSecretary
 (Principal Accounting and Financial Officer)

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