UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 FORM 10-Q 
 
(Mark One)
ýQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 20172018 or
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ______to ______
 Commission File Number 001-36283 
 

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The New Home Company Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
 
   
Delaware 27-0560089
(State or other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
85 Enterprise, Suite 450
Aliso Viejo, California 92656
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (949) 382-7800
 Not Applicable 
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ý    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ý    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large"large accelerated filer,” “accelerated" "accelerated filer,” “smaller" "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer¨Non-accelerated filer (Do not check if smaller reporting company)
¨

Accelerated filerý
Smaller reporting company¨
Emerging growth companyý
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ý
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  ý
Registrant’s shares of common stock outstanding as of July 25, 2017: 20,875,666August 1, 2018: 20,855,778


THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
FORM 10-Q
INDEX

   
  
Page
Number
 
PART I  Financial Information
   
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
 
Part II   Other Information
   
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.
   
 



PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.1.
Financial Statements

THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(InDollars in thousands, except share and par value amounts)

June 30, December 31,June 30, December 31,
2017 20162018 2017
(Unaudited)  (Unaudited)  
Assets      
Cash and cash equivalents$153,959
 $30,496
$90,758
 $123,546
Restricted cash88
 585
567
 424
Contracts and accounts receivable18,321
 27,833
20,370
 23,224
Due from affiliates2,062
 1,138
212
 1,060
Real estate inventories365,400
 286,928
469,738
 416,143
Investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures55,864
 50,857
58,501
 55,824
Other assets23,916
 21,299
25,864
 24,291
Total assets$619,610
 $419,136
$666,010
 $644,512
      
Liabilities and equity      
Accounts payable$34,215
 $33,094
$28,978
 $23,722
Accrued expenses and other liabilities19,473
 23,418
23,796
 38,054
Unsecured revolving credit facility
 118,000
35,000
 
Senior notes, net318,121
 
319,402
 318,656
Total liabilities371,809
 174,512
407,176
 380,432
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
 
Equity:      
Stockholders' equity:      
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized, no shares outstanding
 

 
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 20,875,666 and 20,712,166, shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively209
 207
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 20,855,778 and 20,876,837, shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively209
 209
Additional paid-in capital197,983
 197,161
198,234
 199,474
Retained earnings49,518
 47,155
60,312
 64,307
Total stockholders' equity247,710
 244,523
258,755
 263,990
Noncontrolling interest in subsidiary91
 101
Non-controlling interest in subsidiary79
 90
Total equity247,801
 244,624
258,834
 264,080
Total liabilities and equity$619,610
 $419,136
$666,010
 $644,512
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.



THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(InDollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
Revenues:              
Home sales$96,929
 $78,836
 $166,335
 $121,139
$117,460
 $96,929
 $196,897
 $166,335
Fee building, including management fees from unconsolidated joint ventures of $1,217, $2,537, $2,431 and $4,712, respectively47,181
 30,028
 102,798
 72,965
Fee building, including management fees from unconsolidated joint ventures of $672, $1,217, $1,652 and $2,431, respectively38,095
 47,181
 81,889
 102,798
144,110
 108,864
 269,133
 194,104
155,555
 144,110
 278,786
 269,133
Cost of Sales:              
Home sales82,488
 69,390
 142,553
 106,060
102,678
 82,488
 172,372
 142,553
Home sales impairments1,300
 
 1,300
 

 1,300
 
 1,300
Fee building45,899
 28,317
 99,825
 69,231
37,038
 45,899
 79,737
 99,825
129,687
 97,707
 243,678
 175,291
139,716
 129,687
 252,109
 243,678
              
Gross Margin:              
Home sales13,141
 9,446
 22,482
 15,079
14,782
 13,141
 24,525
 22,482
Fee building1,282
 1,711
 2,973
 3,734
1,057
 1,282
 2,152
 2,973
14,423
 11,157
 25,455
 18,813
15,839
 14,423
 26,677
 25,455
              
Selling and marketing expenses(6,376) (5,046) (11,377) (8,522)(9,466) (6,376) (16,105) (11,377)
General and administrative expenses(5,595) (5,833) (10,685) (11,008)(5,979) (5,595) (11,998) (10,685)
Equity in net income of unconsolidated joint ventures201
 3,947
 507
 3,940
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures(120) 201
 215
 507
Other income (expense), net(148) (286) (35) (395)(92) (148) (118) (35)
Income before income taxes2,505
 3,939
 3,865
 2,828
Provision for income taxes(988) (1,495) (1,512) (1,253)
Net income1,517
 2,444
 2,353
 1,575
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
 65
 10
 120
Net income attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$1,517
 $2,509
 $2,363
 $1,695
Pretax income (loss)182
 2,505
 (1,329) 3,865
(Provision) benefit for income taxes(67) (988) 793
 (1,512)
Net income (loss)115
 1,517
 (536) 2,353
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest
 
 11
 10
Net income (loss) attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$115
 $1,517
 $(525) $2,363
              
Earnings per share attributable to The New Home Company Inc.:       
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to The New Home Company Inc.:       
Basic$0.07
 $0.12
 $0.11
 $0.08
$0.01
 $0.07
 $(0.03) $0.11
Diluted$0.07
 $0.12
 $0.11
 $0.08
$0.01
 $0.07
 $(0.03) $0.11
Weighted average shares outstanding:              
Basic20,869,429
 20,709,139
 20,819,288
 20,654,998
20,958,991
 20,869,429
 20,942,601
 20,819,288
Diluted20,956,723
 20,760,186
 20,921,150
 20,745,802
21,024,769
 20,956,723
 20,942,601
 20,921,150
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.



THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTSTATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(In thousands, except share amounts)Dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)
Stockholders’ Equity Noncontrolling Interest in Subsidiary Total EquityStockholders’ Equity Non-controlling Interest in Subsidiary Total Equity
Number of Shares of
Common
Stock
 Common Stock 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 Retained Earnings 
Total
Stockholders’
Equity
 
Number of Shares of
Common
Stock
 Common Stock 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 Retained Earnings 
Total
Stockholders’
Equity
 
Balance at December 31, 201520,543,130
 $205
 $194,437
 $26,133
 $220,775
 $922
 $221,697
Net income (loss)
 
 
 1,695
 1,695
 (120) 1,575
Noncontrolling interest distribution
 
 
 
 
 (725) (725)
Stock-based compensation expense
 
 1,742
 
 1,742
 
 1,742
Shares net settled with the Company to satisfy minimum employee personal income tax liabilities resulting from share based compensation plans
 
 (647) 
 (647) 
 (647)
Excess tax provision from stock-based compensation
 
 (97) 
 (97) 
 (97)
Shares issued through stock plans168,822
 2
 (2) 
 
 
 
Balance at June 30, 201620,711,952
 $207
 $195,433
 $27,828
 $223,468
 $77
 $223,545
             
Balance at December 31, 201620,712,166
 $207
 $197,161
 $47,155
 $244,523
 $101
 $244,624
20,712,166
 $207
 $197,161
 $47,155
 $244,523
 $101
 $244,624
Net income (loss)
 
 
 2,363
 2,363
 (10) 2,353

 
 
 2,363
 2,363
 (10) 2,353
Stock-based compensation expense
 
 1,306
 
 1,306
 
 1,306

 
 1,306
 
 1,306
 
 1,306
Shares net settled with the Company to satisfy minimum employee personal income tax liabilities resulting from share based compensation plans
 
 (584) 
 (584) 
 (584)
Shares net settled with the Company to satisfy employee personal income tax liabilities resulting from share based compensation plans(55,407) 
 (584) 
 (584) 
 (584)
Shares issued through stock plans163,500
 2
 100
 
 102
 
 102
218,907
 2
 100
 
 102
 
 102
Balance at June 30, 201720,875,666
 $209
 $197,983
 $49,518
 $247,710
 $91
 $247,801
20,875,666
 $209
 $197,983
 $49,518
 $247,710
 $91
 $247,801
                          
Balance at December 31, 201720,876,837
 $209
 $199,474
 $64,307
 $263,990
 $90
 $264,080
Adoption of ASC 606 and ASU 2018-07 (see Note 1)
 
 (18) (3,347) (3,365) 
 (3,365)
Net income (loss)
 
   (525) (525) (11) (536)
Stock-based compensation expense
 
 1,704
 
 1,704
 
 1,704
Shares net settled with the Company to satisfy employee personal income tax liabilities resulting from share based compensation plans(86,182) 
 (977) 
 (977) 
 (977)
Repurchase of common stock(205,240) (2) (1,947) (123) (2,072) 
 (2,072)
Shares issued through stock plans270,363
 2
 (2) -
 
 
 
Balance at June 30, 201820,855,778
 $209
 $198,234
 $60,312
 $258,755
 $79
 $258,834
             
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.



THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(InDollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)
Six Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 20162018 2017
Operating activities:      
Net income$2,353
 $1,575
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:   
Net income (loss)$(536) $2,353
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities:   
Deferred taxes(54) (27)(1,481) (54)
Amortization of equity based compensation1,306
 1,742
1,704
 1,306
Excess income tax provision from stock-based compensation
 97
Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated joint ventures1,588
 1,095
715
 1,588
Inventory impairments1,300
 

 1,300
Abandoned project costs43
 206
Equity in net income of unconsolidated joint ventures(507) (3,940)(215) (507)
Deferred profit from unconsolidated joint ventures497
 332
136
 497
Depreciation236
 251
Abandoned project costs206
 329
Depreciation and amortization2,646
 236
Net changes in operating assets and liabilities:      
Restricted cash497
 104
Contracts and accounts receivable9,573
 9,164
2,854
 9,573
Due from affiliates(671) 88
788
 (671)
Real estate inventories(74,407) (164,464)(53,108) (74,407)
Other assets(2,900) (5,832)(6,095) (2,900)
Accounts payable1,160
 3,737
5,256
 1,160
Accrued expenses and other liabilities(11,588) (9,711)(14,217) (11,588)
Due to affiliates
 (239)
Net cash used in operating activities(71,411) (165,699)(61,510) (71,908)
Investing activities:      
Purchases of property and equipment(95) (296)(184) (95)
Cash assumed from joint venture at consolidation995
 2,009

 995
Contributions and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures(8,517) (5,656)(8,954) (8,517)
Distributions of capital from unconsolidated joint ventures2,948
 7,405
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities(4,669) 3,462
Distributions of capital and repayment of advances from unconsolidated joint ventures5,874
 2,948
Interest collected on advances to unconsolidated joint ventures178
 
Net cash used in investing activities(3,086) (4,669)
Financing activities:      
Borrowings from credit facility72,000
 175,000
35,000
 72,000
Repayments of credit facility(190,000) (11,000)
 (190,000)
Proceeds from senior notes324,465
 

 324,465
Borrowings from other notes payable
 343
Repayments of other notes payable
 (15,636)
Payment of debt issuance costs(6,440) (1,064)
 (6,440)
Cash distributions to noncontrolling interest in subsidiary
 (725)
Minimum tax withholding paid on behalf of employees for stock awards(584) (647)
Excess income tax provision from stock-based compensation
 (97)
Repurchases of common stock(2,072) 
Tax withholding paid on behalf of employees for stock awards(977) (584)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options102
 

 102
Net cash provided by financing activities199,543
 146,174
31,951
 199,543
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents123,463
 (16,063)
Cash and cash equivalents – beginning of period30,496
 45,874
Cash and cash equivalents – end of period$153,959
 $29,811
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(32,645) 122,966
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – beginning of period123,970
 31,081
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – end of period$91,325
 $154,047
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



1.    Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Organization
 
The New Home Company Inc. (the “Company”"Company"), a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries are primarily engaged in all aspects of residential real estate development, including acquiring land and designing, constructing and selling homes in California and Arizona.

Basis of Presentation
 
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts have been eliminated upon consolidation.
 
The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”("GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.2017. The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring entries) necessary for the fair presentation of our results for the interim period presented. Results for the interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
 
Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “we”"we", “us”"us", “our”"our" and “the Company”"the Company" refer to the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis.
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and notes. Accordingly, actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

Reclassifications Reclassification

Certain items in the prior year unaudited condensed consolidated statementstatements of cash flows related to capitalized selling and marketing expenses have been reclassified to conform with current year presentation. Effective JulyThese reclassifications have not changed the results of operations of prior periods. On January 1, 2016, capitalized selling2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash ("ASU 2016-18") under the full retrospective method. As a result, the Company no longer presents transfers between cash and marketing costs were reclassified to other assets from real estate inventories. Prior year periods have been reclassified to conform. restricted cash in the consolidated statements of cash flows.  Instead, restricted cash is included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning of period and end of period total amounts shown on the consolidated statements of cash flows. For additional detail on restricted cash, please see Note 1 - Restricted Cash.

Segment Reporting
 
Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”("ASC") 280, Segment Reporting (“("ASC 280”280") established standards for the manner in which public enterprises report information about operating segments. In accordance with ASC 280, we have determined that our homebuilding division and our fee building division are our operating segments, which are also our reportable segments.
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
 
We define cash and cash equivalents as cash on hand, demand deposits with financial institutions, and short term liquid investments with a maturity date of less than three months from the date of purchase.
 
Restricted Cash
 
Restricted cash of $0.1$0.6 million and $0.6$0.4 million as of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, respectively, is held in accounts for payments of subcontractor costs incurred in connection with various fee building projects.

The table below shows the line items and amounts of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as reported within the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets for each period shown that sum to the total of the same such amounts at the end of the periods shown in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



 Six Months Ended June 30,
 2018 2017
 (Dollars in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents$90,758
 $153,959
Restricted cash567
 88
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the statements of cash flows$91,325
 $154,047


Real Estate Inventories and Cost of Sales
 
We capitalize pre-acquisition, land, development and other allocated costs, including interest, property taxes and indirect construction costs. Pre-acquisition costs, including non-refundablenonrefundable land deposits, are expensed to other income (expense), net if we determine continuation of the prospective project is not probable.
 
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



Land, development and other common costs are typically allocated to real estate inventories using a methodology that approximates the relative-sales-value method. Home construction costs per production phase are recorded using the specific identification method. Cost of sales for homes closed includes the estimated total construction costs of each home at completion and an allocation of all applicable land acquisition, land development and related common costs (both incurred and estimated to be incurred) based upon the relative-sales-value of the home within each project. Changes in estimated development and common costs are allocated prospectively to remaining homes in the project.

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC")ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment (“("ASC 360”360"), inventory is stated at cost, unless the carrying amount is determined not to be recoverable, in which case inventory is written down to its fair value. We review each real estate asset on a periodic basis or whenever indicators of impairment exist. Real estate assets include projects actively selling and projects under development or held for future development. Indicators of impairment include, but are not limited to, significant decreases in local housing market values and selling prices of comparable homes, significant decreases in gross margins or sales absorption rates, costs significantly in excess of budget, and actual or projected cash flow losses.
 
If there are indicators of impairment, we perform a detailed budget and cash flow review of the applicable real estate inventories to determine whether the estimated remaining undiscounted future cash flows of the project are more or less than the asset’s carrying value. If the estimated undiscounted estimated future cash flows are more thanexceed the asset’s carrying value, no impairment adjustment is required. However, if the estimated undiscounted estimated future cash flows are less than the asset’s carrying value, the assetasset's fair value is determined and compared to the asset's carrying value. If the asset's carrying value exceeds the asset's fair value, it is deemed impaired and is written down to its fair value.
 
When estimating undiscounted estimated future cash flows of a project, we make various assumptions, including: (i) expected sales prices and sales incentives to be offered, including the number of homes available, pricing and incentives being offered by us or other builders in other projects, and future sales price adjustments based on market and economic trends; (ii) expected sales pace and cancellation rates based on local housing market conditions, competition and historical trends; (iii) costs expended to date and expected to be incurred including, but not limited to, land and land development costs, home construction costs, interest costs, indirect construction and overhead costs, and selling and marketing costs; (iv) alternative product offerings that may be offered that could have an impact on sales pace, sales price and/or building costs; and (v) alternative uses for the property.
 
Many assumptions are interdependent and a change in one may require a corresponding change to other assumptions. For example, increasing or decreasing sales absorption rates has a direct impact on the estimated per unit sales price of a home, and the level of time sensitive costs (such as indirect construction, overhead and carrying costs), and selling and marketing costs (such as model maintenance costs and advertising costs). Depending on the underlying objective of the project, assumptions could have a significant impact on the projected cash flow analysis. For example, if our objective is to preserve operating margins, our cash flow analysis will be different than if the objective is to increase the velocity of sales. These objectives may vary significantly from project to project and change over time.

If a real estate assets are consideredasset is deemed impaired, the impairment adjustments areis calculated by determining the amount the asset's carrying value exceeds its fair value. We calculate the fair value of real estate projects using a land residual value analysis or a discounted cash flow analysis. Under the land residual value analysis, we estimate what a willing buyer would pay and what a willing seller would sell a parcel of land for (other than in a forced liquidation) in order to generate a market rate operating margin and return. Under the discounted cash flow method, the fair value is determined by calculating the present value of future cash flows using a risk adjusted discount rate. CriticalSome of the critical assumptions that are included as part of these analysesinvolved with measuring the asset's fair value include estimating future housing
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



revenues, sales absorption rates, land development and construction costs, and related carrying costs(including future capitalized interest), and all direct selling and marketingother applicable project costs. This evaluation and the assumptions used by management to determine future estimated cash flows and fair value require a substantial degree of judgment, especially with respect to real estate projects that have a substantial amount of development to be completed, have not started selling or are in the early stages of sales, or are longer in duration. Actual revenues, costs and time to complete and sell a community could vary from these estimates which could impact the calculation of fair value of the asset and the corresponding amount of impairment that is recorded in our results of operations. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, we recorded an impairment charge of $1.3 million relating to one community in Southern California. For additional detail regarding the impairment charge, please see Note 4.

THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



Capitalization of Interest
 
We follow the practice of capitalizing interest to real estate inventories during the period of development and to investments in unconsolidated joint ventures, when applicable, in accordance with ASC 835, Interest (“("ASC 835”835"). Interest capitalized as a cost component of real estate inventories is included in cost of home sales as related homes or lots are sold. To the extent interest is capitalized to investment in unconsolidated joint ventures, it is included as a reduction of income from unconsolidated joint ventures when the related homes or lots are sold to third parties. In instances where the Company purchases land from an unconsolidated joint venture, the pro rata share of interest capitalized to investment in unconsolidated joint ventures is added to the basis of the land acquired and recognized as a cost of sale upon the delivery of the related land to a third-party buyer. To the extent our debt exceeds our qualified assets as defined in ASC 835, we expense a portion of the interest incurred by us. Qualified assets represent projects that are actively selling or under development as well as investments in unconsolidated joint ventures accounted for under the equity method until such equity investees begin their principal operations.
 
Revenue Recognition
 
Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted the requirements of ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) ("ASC 606") under the modified retrospective method. For additional detail on the new standard and the impact to our condensed consolidated financial statements, refer to "Recently Issued Accounting Standards" below. Under ASC 606, we recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To do this, the Company performs the following five steps as outlined in ASC 606: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation.
Home Sales and Profit Recognition
 
In accordance with ASC 360, revenue from606, home sales and other real estate sales are recorded and a profitrevenue is recognized when our performance obligations within the respective homesunderlying sales contracts are closed underfulfilled. We consider our obligations fulfilled when closing conditions are complete, title has transferred to the full accrual method. Home sales and other real estate sales are closed when all conditions of escrow are met, including delivery of the home or other real estate asset, title passes, appropriate consideration is receivedhomebuyer, and collection of associated receivables, if any,the purchase price is reasonably assured. Sales incentives are recorded as a reduction of revenues when the respective home is closed. The profit we record is based on the calculation of cost of sales, which is dependent on our allocation of costs, as described in more detail above in the section entitled “Real"Real Estate Inventories and Cost of Sales." When it is determined that the earnings process is not complete, the salerelated revenue and related profit are deferred for recognition in future periods.

For periods prior to January 1, 2018, the company recognized home sales and other real estate sales revenue in accordance with ASC 360. Under ASC 360, revenue from home sales and other real estate sales was recorded and a profit was recognized when the sales process was complete under the full accrual method. The sales process was considered complete for home sales and other real estate sales when all conditions of escrow were met, including delivery of the home or other real estate asset, title passes, appropriate consideration is received and collection of associated receivables, if any, is reasonably assured.

Fee Building
 
The Company enters into fee building agreements to provide services whereby it builds homes on behalf of independent third-party property owners. The independent third-party property owner funds all project costs incurred by the Company to build and sell the homes. The Company primarily enters into cost plus fee contracts where it charges independent third-party property owners for all direct and indirect costs plus a negotiated management fee. For these types of contracts, the Company recognizes revenue based on the actual total costs it has expended plus the applicable management fee. The management fee is typically a per-unit fixed fee or based on a percentage of the cost or home sales revenue of the project, depending on the terms of the agreement with the independent third-party property owner. For these types of contracts, the Company recognizes revenue based on the actual total costs it has incurred plus the applicable fee. In accordance with ASC 606
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for periods after January 1, 2018 and ASC 605, Revenue Recognition (“("ASC 605”605"), revenues from for prior periods, we apply the percentage-of-completion method, using the cost-to-cost approach, as it most accurately measures the progress of our efforts in satisfying our obligations within the fee building services are recognized using a cost-to-cost approach in applying the percentage-of-completion method.agreements. Under this approach, revenue is earned in proportion to total costs incurred divided by total costs expected to be incurred. The total estimated cost plus the management fee represents the total contract value. The Company recognizes revenue based on the actual labor and other direct costs incurred, plus the portion of the management fee it has earned to date. In the course of providing itsfee building services, the Company routinely subcontracts for services and incurs other direct costs on behalf of the property owners. These costs are passed through to the property owners and, in accordance with industry practice and GAAP, are included in the Company’s revenue and cost of revenue. The Company recognizes revenue for any incentive compensation when such financial thresholds are probable of being met and such compensation is deemed to be collectible, generally at the date the amount is communicated to us by the independent third-party property owner.sales.
 
The Company also enters into fee buildingprovides construction management and management contractscoordination services and sales and marketing services as part of agreements with third parties and its unconsolidated joint ventures where itventures. Within these agreements, the Company does not bear any financial risks. In certain contracts, the Company also provides construction supervisionproject management and administrative services. For most services provided, the Company fulfills its related obligations as welltime-based measures, according to the input method guidance described in ASC 606. Accordingly, revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis as the Company's efforts are expended evenly throughout the performance period. The Company may also have an obligation to manage the home or lot sales process as part of providing sales and marketing services. This obligation is considered fulfilled when related homes or lots close escrow, as these events represent milestones reached according to the output method guidance described in ASC 606. Accordingly, revenue is recognized in the period that the corresponding lots or homes close escrow. Costs associated with these services and does not bear financial risks for anyare recognized as incurred. Prior to the adoption of ASC 606, the Company recognized revenues from these services provided. Inin accordance with ASC 605 revenues from these services are recognized overunder a proportional performance method or completed performance method. Under ASC 605, revenue iswas earned as services arewere provided in proportion to total services expected to be provided to the customer or on a straight line basis if the pattern of performance cannotcould not be determined. Costs are recognized as incurred. Revenue recognition for any portion of the fees earned from these services that are contingent upon a financial threshold or specific event is deferred until the threshold is achieved or the event occurs.
 
The Company’s fee building revenues have historically been concentrated with a small number of customers. For the three and six months ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, one customer comprised 97%95%, 98%96%, 92%97%, and 94%98%, respectively, of fee building revenue, respectively.revenue. The balance of the fee building revenues primarily represented management fees earned from unconsolidated joint ventures.ventures and third-party customers. As of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, one customer comprised 74%61% and 87%49% of contracts and accounts receivable, respectively, with the balance of accounts receivable primarily representing escrow receivables from home sales.

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Variable Interest Entities
    
The Company accounts for variable interest entities in accordance with ASC 810, Consolidation (“("ASC 810”810"). Under ASC 810, a variable interest entity (“VIE”("VIE") is created when: (a) the equity investment at risk in the entity is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support provided by other parties, including the equity holders; (b) the entity’s equity holders as a group either (i) lack the direct or indirect ability to make decisions about the entity, (ii) are not obligated to absorb expected losses of the entity or (iii) do not have the right to receive expected residual returns of the entity; or (c) the entity’s equity holders have voting rights that are not proportionate to their economic interests, and the activities of the entity involve or are conducted on behalf of the equity holder with disproportionately few voting rights.

Once we consider the sufficiency of equity and voting rights of each legal entity, we then evaluate the characteristics of the equity holders' interests, as a group, to see if they qualify as controlling financial interests. Our real estate joint ventures consist of limited partnerships and limited liability companies. For entities structured as limited partnerships or limited liability companies, our evaluation of whether the equity holders (equity partners other than us in each our joint ventures) lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest includes the evaluation of whether the limited partners or non-managing members (the noncontrollingnon-controlling equity holders) lack both substantive participating rights and substantive kick-out rights, defined as follows:

Participating rights - provide the noncontrollingnon-controlling equity holders the ability to direct significant financial and operational decision made in the ordinary course of business that most significantly influence the entity's economic performance.

Kick-out rights - allow the noncontrollingnon-controlling equity holders to remove the general partner or managing member without cause.

If we conclude that any of the three characteristics of a VIE are met, including if equity holders lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest because they lack both substantive participating rights and substantive kick-out rights, we conclude that the entity is a VIE and evaluate it for consolidation under the variable interest model.
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If an entity is deemed to be a VIE pursuant to ASC 810, the enterprise that has both (i) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity or right to receive benefits from the entity that could be potentially significant to the VIE is considered the primary beneficiary and must consolidate the VIE.
 
Under ASC 810, a non-refundablenonrefundable deposit paid to an entity may be deemed to be a variable interest that will absorb some or all of the entity’s expected losses if they occur. Our land purchase and lot option deposits generally represent our maximum exposure to the land seller if we elect not to purchase the optioned property. In some instances, we may also expend funds for due diligence, development and construction activities with respect to optioned land prior to takedown. Such costs are classified as real estate inventories, which we would have to write off should we not exercise the option. Therefore, whenever we enter into a land option or purchase contract with an entity and make a non-refundablenonrefundable deposit, a VIE may have been created.

As of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, the Company was not required to consolidate any VIEs. In accordance with ASC 810, we performreassess on an ongoing reassessments ofbasis whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE.

NoncontrollingNon-controlling Interest
 
During 2013, the Company entered into a joint venture agreement with a third-party property owner. In accordance with ASC 810, the Company analyzed this arrangement and determined that it was not a VIE; however, the Company determined it was required to consolidate the joint venture as the Company has a controlling financial interest with the powers to direct the major decisions of the entity.  As of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, the third-party investor had an equity balance of $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

Investments in and Advances to Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
 
We use the equity method to account for investments in homebuilding and land development joint ventures that qualifywhen any of the following situations exist: 1) the joint venture qualifies as VIEs wherea VIE and we are not the primary beneficiary, and other entities that2) we do not control the joint venture but have the ability to exercise significant influence over theits operating and financial policies, of the investee. The Company also uses the equity method whenor 3) we function as the managing member or general partner of the joint venture and our joint venture partner has substantive participating rights or where we can be replaced by our venture partnerreplace us as managing member or general partner without cause.
 
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As of June 30, 2017,2018, the Company concluded that none of its joint ventures were VIEs and accounted for these entities under the equity method of accounting.
 
Under the equity method, we recognize our proportionate share of earnings and losses generated by the joint venture upon the delivery of lots or homes to third parties. Our proportionate share of intra-entity profits and losses are eliminated until the related asset has been sold by the unconsolidated joint venture to third parties. We classify cash distributions received from equity method investees using the cumulative earnings approach consistent with ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows(TopicFlows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments ("ASU 2016-15"). Under the cumulative earnings approach, distributions received are considered returns on investment and shall be classified as cash inflows from operating activities unless the cumulative distributions received exceed cumulative equity in earnings. When such an excess occurs, the current-period distribution up to this excess is considered a return of investment and shall be classified as cash inflows from investing activities. Our ownership interests in our unconsolidated joint ventures vary, but are generally less than or equal to 35%. The accounting policies of our joint ventures are consistent with those of the Company.Company with an exception for the requirements of ASC 606 which our joint ventures had not adopted at June 30, 2018.
 
We review real estate inventory held by our unconsolidated joint ventures for impairment, consistent with how we review our real estate inventories.inventories as described in more detail above in the section entitled "Real Estate Inventories and Cost of Sales." We also review our investments in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures for evidence of other-than-temporary declines in value. To the extent we deem any portion of our investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures as not recoverable, we impair our investment accordingly. For the three and six months ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, no impairments related to investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures were recorded.

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Selling and Marketing Expense
 
Selling and marketingEffective January 1, 2018, costs incurred to sell real estate projectsfor tangible assets directly used in the sales process such as our sales offices, design studios and model landscaping and furnishings are capitalized to other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets under ASC 340, Other Assets and Deferred Costs ("ASC 340"). These costs are depreciated to selling and marketing expenses generally over the shorter of 24 months or the actual estimated life of the selling community. All other selling and marketing costs, such as commissions and advertising, are expensed as incurred. Prior to January 1, 2018, the Company followed the guidance under ASC 970-340, Real Estate - Other Assets and Deferred Costs ("ASC 970"), and capitalized certain selling and marketing costs to other assets in the consolidated balance sheet if they arethe costs were reasonably expected to be recovered from the sale of the project or from incidental operations, and arewere incurred for tangible assets that arewere used directly through the selling period to aid in the sale of the project or services that havehad been performed to obtain regulatory approval of sales. These capitalizable selling and marketing costs include,included, but arewere not limited to, model home design, model home decor and landscaping, and sales office/design studio setup. All other selling and marketingThese costs such as commissions and advertising, are expensed in the period incurred and included inwere amortized to selling and marketing expense inas the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.underlying homes were delivered.
 
Warranty Accrual
 
We offer warranties on our homes that generally cover various defects in workmanship or materials, or structural construction defects for one year. In addition, we generally provide a more limited warranty, which generally ranges from a minimum of two years up to the period covered by the applicable statute of repose, that covers certain defined construction defects. Estimated future direct warranty costs are accrued and charged to cost of sales in the period when the related homebuilding revenues are recognized. Amounts are accrued based upon the Company’s historical rates. In addition, the Company has received warranty payments from third-party property owners for certain of its fee building projects that have since closed-out where the Company has the contractual risk of construction. These payments are recorded as warranty accruals. We assess the adequacy of our warranty accrual on a quarterly basis and adjust the amounts recorded if necessary. Our warranty accrual is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and adjustments to our warranty accrual are recorded through cost of sales.

Contracts and Accounts Receivable
 
Contracts and accounts receivable primarily represent the fees earned, but not collected, and reimbursable project costs incurred in connection with fee building agreements. The Company periodically evaluates the collectability of its contracts receivable, and, if it is determined that a receivable might not be fully collectible, an allowance is recorded for the amount deemed uncollectible. This allowance for doubtful accounts is estimated based on management’s evaluation of the contracts involved and the financial condition of its customers. Factors considered in such evaluations include, but are not limited to: (i) customer type; (ii) historical contract performance; (iii) historical collection and delinquency trends; (iv) customer credit worthiness; and (v) general economic conditions. In addition to contracts receivable, escrow receivables are included in contracts and accounts receivable in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, no allowance was recorded related to contracts and accounts receivable.
 
Property, Equipment and EquipmentCapitalized Selling and Marketing Costs
 
Property, equipment and equipmentcapitalized selling and marketing costs are recorded at cost and included in other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheetssheets. Property and equipment are depreciated to general and administrative expenses using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives ranging from three to five years.
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Leasehold improvements are stated at cost and are amortized to general and administrative expenses using the straight-line method generally over the shorter of either their estimated useful lives or the term of the lease. Capitalized selling and marketing costs are depreciated using the straight-line method to selling and marketing expenses over the shorter of either 24 months or the actual estimated life of the selling community.

Income Taxes
 
Income taxes are accounted for in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes (“("ASC 740”740"). The consolidated provision for, or benefit from, income taxes is calculated using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse.

Deferred tax assets are evaluated on a quarterly basis to determine if adjustments to the valuation allowance are required. In accordance with ASC 740, we assess whether a valuation allowance should be established based on the consideration of all
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available evidence using a “more"more likely than not”not" standard with respect to whether deferred tax assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets depends primarily on the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which the differences become deductible. The value of our deferred tax assets will depend on applicable income tax rates. Judgment is required in determining the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our consolidated financial statements and/or tax returns. Differences between anticipated and actual outcomes of these future tax consequences could have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

ASC 740 defines the methodology for recognizing the benefits of uncertain tax return positions as well as guidance regarding the measurement of the resulting tax benefits.  These provisions require an enterprise to recognize the financial statement effects of a tax position when it is more likely than not (defined as a likelihood of more than 50%), based on the technical merits, that the position will be sustained upon examination.  In addition, these provisions provide guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition.  The evaluation of whether a tax position meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold requires a substantial degree of judgment by management based on the individual facts and circumstances.

Stock-Based Compensation

We account for share-based awards in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation (“("ASC 718”718") and ASC 505-50, Equity – Equity Based Payments to Non-Employees (“("ASC 505-50”505-50").

ASC 718 requires that the cost resulting from all share-based payment transactions be recognized in a company's financial statements. ASC 718 requires all entities to apply a fair-value-based measurement method in accounting for share-based payment transactions with employees except for equity instruments held by employee share ownership plans.

On June 26, 2015, the Company entered into an agreement that transitioned Joseph Davis' role within the Company from Chief Investment Officer to a non-employee consultant to the Company. On February 16, 2017, the Company entered into an agreement that transitioned Wayne Stelmar's role within the Company from Chief Investment Officer to a non-employee consultant and non-employee director. Per the agreements, Mr. Davis' and Mr. Stelmar's outstanding equity awards will continue to vest in accordance with their original terms. Under ASC 505-50, if an employee becomes a non-employee and continues to vest in an award pursuant to the award's original terms, that award will be treated as an award to a non-employee prospectively, provided the individual is required to continue providing services to the employer (such as consulting services). Based on the terms and conditions of both Mr. Davis' and Mr. Stelmar's consulting agreements noted above, we accountaccounted for their share-based awards in accordance with ASC 505-50.505-50 through March 31, 2018. ASC 505-50 requiresrequired that these awards be accounted for prospectively, such that the fair value of the awards will be re-measured at each reporting date until the earlier of (a) the performance commitment date or (b) the date the services required under the transition agreement with Mr. Davis or Mr. Stelmar have been completed. ASC 505-50 requiresrequired that compensation cost ultimately recognized in the Company's financial statements be the sum of (a) the compensation cost recognized during the period of time the individual was an employee (based on the grant-date fair value) plus (b) the fair value of the award determined on the measurement date determined in accordance with ASC 505-50 for the pro-rata portion of the vesting period in which the individual was a non-employee. Mr. Davis' outstanding awards fully vested during January 2017 and were fully expensed.

Beginning January 1, 2017,In June of 2018, the Company adoptedFinancial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU No. 2016-09, 2018-07,Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to EmployeeNonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“("ASU 2016-09”2018-07"). ASU 2016-09 simplifies several aspects which expanded the scope of ASC 718 to include share-based payments for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees, with certain exceptions. Under ASC 718, the measurement date for equity-classified, share-based awards is generally the grant date of the accountingaward. The Company early adopted ASU 2018-07 on April 1, 2018, at which time Mr. Stelmar's award was the only nonemployee award outstanding. In accordance with the transition guidance, the Company assessed Mr. Stelmar's award for share-based payment transactions, includingwhich a measurement date had not been established. The outstanding award was re-measured to fair value as of the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows.April 1, 2018 adoption date. The adoption of ASU 2016-09 had no effect2018-07 provides administrative relief by fixing the remaining unamortized expense of the award and eliminating the requirement to quarterly re-measure the Company's one remaining nonemployee award. The Company adopted this standard on beginninga modified retrospective basis booking a cumulative-effect adjustment of an $18,000 increase to retained earnings or any other componentsand equal decrease to additional paid-in capital as of equity or net assets.the beginning of the 2018 fiscal year. The Company has electedremaining unamortized expense for Mr. Stelmar's award as of June 30, 2018 was $0.1 million.

Stock Retirement
When shares are retired, the Company’s policy is to applyallocate the amendments in ASC 2016-09 relatedexcess of the repurchase price over the par value of shares acquired to the presentation of excess income tax provisions on the statement of cash flows using a prospectiveboth retained earnings and additional paid-in capital. The portion allocated to additional paid-in capital is
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transition method resulting in no adjustmentdetermined by applying a percentage, which is determined by dividing the number of shares to be retired by the number of shares issued, to the classificationbalance of additional paid-in capital as of the prior year excess income tax provision from stock-based compensation inretirement date.
During the accompanying condensed consolidated statementthree and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company repurchased and retired 205,240 shares of cash flows.its common stock at an aggregate purchase price of $2.1 million. The shares were returned to the status of authorized but unissued.
 
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
 
The Company qualifies as an “emerging"emerging growth company”company" pursuant to the provisions of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”"JOBS Act"). Section 102 of the JOBS Act provides that an “emerging"emerging growth company”company" can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, for complying with new or revised accounting standards. As previously disclosed, the Company has chosen, irrevocably, to “opt out”"opt out" of such extended transition period, and as a result, will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for non-emerging growth companies.

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”)FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”)ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09”("ASC 606"), which supersedes existing accounting literature relating to how and when a company recognizes revenue. Under ASU 2014-09,ASC 606, a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. Additionally, ASU 2014-09ASC 606 supersedes existing industry specificindustry-specific accounting literature relating to how a company expenses certain selling and marketing costs. In August 2015,Effective January 1, 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue fromContracts with Customers (Topic 606): DeferralCompany adopted the requirements of the Effective Date, which delayed the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year. As a public company, ASU 2014-09 is effective for our interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and at that time, we expect to adopt the new standard underASC 606 using the modified retrospective approach.

Under the modified retrospective approach, we will recognizethe Company recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the new standard as an adjustmenta $3.4 million, tax-effected decrease to the opening balance of retained earnings. In anticipationearnings as of this adoption, we have developed an implementation planJanuary 1, 2018. The comparative information has not been restated and are workingcontinues to identify significantbe reported as it was previously, under the appropriate accounting standards in effect for those periods. The adjustment to retained earnings related to a $4.7 million write-down of certain recoverable selling and marketing costs included in other assets that were formerly capitalized under ASC 970, but that no longer qualify for capitalization under the Company's accounting policy reflecting the changes to our financial statements and accounting policies. At this time, we do not believeupon the adoption of ASU 2014-09 willASC 606. As a result of this write-down, the Company's deferred tax asset increased by $1.3 million. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company expensed $0.9 million and $1.3 million, respectively, in selling and marketing costs that would have been capitalized and expensed over the underlying home closings under ASC 970. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company depreciated $0.5 million and $0.8 million, respectively, less in selling and marketing expenses for its capitalized selling and marketing assets than it would have if these expenses were recognized as required by ASC 970. In addition, the accounting policy change resulted in the depreciation expense for capitalized selling and marketing assets to be included in the line item "depreciation and amortization" in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2018, compared to netting the amortization expense in the net change to other assets line item. The adoption of ASC 606 did not have a material impact on other areas of the amountCompany's condensed consolidated balance sheet and statement of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2018 or the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.
In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, which was adopted by the Company on April 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective basis and resulted in a cumulative-effect adjustment of an $18,000 increase to retained earnings and an equal decrease to additional paid-in capital as of the beginning of the 2018 fiscal year.  For further discussion of our revenues. We will continue to evaluate the impact that adoption of this ASU, 2014-09 will have on the timing of recognition of our revenues. Although we are still evaluating the accounting for selling and marketing costs under the new standard, adoption of ASU 2014-09 may impact the timing of recognition and classification of certain capitalized selling and marketing costs we incur to obtain sales contracts from our customers. Currently, these costs are capitalized and amortized to selling and marketing expenses as homes are delivered. Upon adoption of ASU 2014-09, portions of these costs may be expensed as incurred to selling and marketing expenses. The adoption of ASU 2014-09 by our unconsolidated joint ventures may impact the timing of recognition of income or loss allocations from these entities. We continue to evaluate the impact the adoption may have on other aspects of our business and on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

see “Stock-Based Compensation.” 
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”("ASC 842"). ASU 2016-02ASC 842 will require organizations that lease assets (referred to as “lessees”"lessees") to recognizepresent lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet at their gross value based on the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases. Under ASU 2016-02,ASC 842, a lessee will be required to recognize assets and liabilities for leases with lease terms of moregreater than 12 months.month terms. Lessor accounting remains substantially similar to current GAAP. In addition,Additional disclosures ofincluding qualitative and quantitative information regarding leasing activities are to be expanded to include qualitative along with specific quantitative information. ASU 2016-02also required. ASC 842 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. ASU 2016-022018 and mandates a modified retrospective transition method. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842), Targeted Improvements ("ASU 2018-11") which provides for an additional transition method that allows companies to apply the new lease standard at the adoption date, eliminating the requirement to apply the standard to the earliest period presented in the financial statements. The Company's lease contractsagreements that will be impacted by ASC 842 primarily consist of rental agreements forrelate to our corporate headquarters, several other office spacelocations and copiersoffice or printersconstruction equipment where we are the lessee. The Company has begun the process of evaluating these lease contracts and believesWe believe all applicable agreements would be considered operating leases. Upon adoption of ASC 842, we expect to add a right-of-use asset and a related lease liability to our consolidated balance sheet. The Company willsheets. We expect to recognize lease expense on a straight-line basis, consistent with our current policy for office rent. ASU 2016-02 is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.basis.
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In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-07, Investments- Equity Method and Joint Ventures: Simplifying the Transition to the Equity Method of Accounting ("ASU 2016-07"), which eliminates the requirement to apply the equity method of accounting retrospectively when a reporting entity obtains significant influence over a previously held investment.  Our adoption of ASU 2016-07 on January 1, 2017 did not have an effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15. ASU 2016-15 provides guidance on how certain cash receipts and cash payments are to be presented and classified in the statement of cash flows.  ASU 2016-15 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and early adoption is permitted.  We do not expect the2017.  Our adoption of ASU 2016-15 toon January 1, 2018, did not have a material effectan impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

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In November 2016,disclosures as the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash ("ASU 2016-18"). ASU 2016-16 requires that a statement ofCompany had previously classified cash flows explaindistributions received from equity method investees using the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805), Clarifying the Definition of a Business ("ASU 2017-01"). ASU 2017-01 clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of addressing whether transactions involving in-substance nonfinancial assets, held directly or in a subsidiary, should be accounted for as acquisitions or disposals of nonfinancial assets or of businesses. ASU 2017-01 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted for transactions, including acquisitions or dispositions, which occurred before the issuance date or effective date of the standard if the transactions were not reported in financial statements that have been issued or made available for issuance. The adoption of ASU 2017-01 is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

cumulative earnings approach.
In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-05, Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets ("ASU 2017-05"). ASU 2017-05 clarifies the guidance for derecognition of nonfinancial assets and in-substance nonfinancial assets when the asset does not meet the definition of a business and is not a not-for-profit activity. We adopted ASU 2017-05 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted, but entities are required to adopt ASU 2017-05 at the same time they adopt ASU 2014-09. We expect to adopt the new standardon January 1, 2018 under the modified retrospective approach. Under the modified retrospective approach, we will recognize the cumulativeThere was no effect of initially applying the new standard as an adjustmentand there was no impact to the opening balance of retained earnings. We are still evaluating the effects ASU 2017-05 will have on our condensed consolidated financial statements. We expect that adoption may decrease our accrued expenses and other liabilities due to certain non-financial assets that were previously exchanged for a noncontrolling interest in an unconsolidated joint venture.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Scope of Modification Accounting ("ASU 2017-09"). The guidance provides clarity and reduces diversity in practice and cost and complexity when accounting for a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. We adopted ASU 2017-09 is effective for interimon January 1, 2018 and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Earlyits adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period, for (1) public business entities for reporting periods for which financial statementsdid not have not yet been issued and (2) all other entities for reporting periods for which financial statements have not yet been made available for issuance. The adoption of ASU 2017-09 is not expected to have a materialan impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-05, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 ("ASU 2018-05"), which amends Income Taxes (Topic 740) by incorporating the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 (“SAB 118”) issued on December 22, 2017. SAB 118 provides guidance on accounting for the effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”). We recognized the income tax effects of the Tax Act in our 2017 financial statements in accordance with SAB 118. Please see Note 14 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



2.    Computation of Earnings (Loss) Per Share
The following table sets forth the components used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016:
2017:
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Numerator:              
Net income attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$1,517
 $2,509
 $2,363
 $1,695
Net income (loss) attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$115
 $1,517
 $(525) $2,363
              
Denominator:              
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding20,869,429
 20,709,139
 20,819,288
 20,654,998
20,958,991
 20,869,429
 20,942,601
 20,819,288
Effect of dilutive shares:              
Stock options and unvested restricted stock units87,294
 51,047
 101,862
 90,804
65,778
 87,294
 
 101,862
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding20,956,723
 20,760,186
 20,921,150
 20,745,802
21,024,769
 20,956,723
 20,942,601
 20,921,150
              
Basic earnings per share attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$0.07
 $0.12
 $0.11
 $0.08
Diluted earnings per share attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$0.07
 $0.12
 $0.11
 $0.08
Basic earnings (loss) per share attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$0.01
 $0.07
 $(0.03) $0.11
Diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$0.01
 $0.07
 $(0.03) $0.11
              
Antidilutive stock options and unvested restricted stock units not included in diluted earnings (loss) per share22,077
 888,953
 846,725
 867,272
Antidilutive stock options and unvested restricted stock units not included in diluted earnings per share952,882
 22,077
 1,333,106
 846,725
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



3.    Contracts and Accounts Receivable
Contracts and accounts receivable consist of the following:
June 30, December 31,June 30, December 31,
2017 20162018 2017
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Contracts receivable:      
Costs incurred on fee building projects$99,825
 $178,103
$79,737
 $184,827
Estimated earnings2,973
 8,404
2,152
 5,497
102,798
 186,507
81,889
 190,324
Less: amounts collected during the period(89,321) (162,203)(69,557) (178,704)
Contracts receivable$13,477
 $24,304
$12,332
 $11,620
      
Contracts receivable:      
Billed$
 $
$
 $
Unbilled13,477
 24,304
12,332
 11,620
13,477
 24,304
12,332
 11,620
Accounts receivable:      
Escrow receivables4,721
 3,385
7,157
 11,554
Other receivables123
 144
881
 50
Contracts and accounts receivable$18,321
 $27,833
$20,370
 $23,224
Billed contracts receivable represent amounts billed to customers that have yet to be collected. Unbilled contracts receivable represents the contract revenue recognized but not yet billable pursuant to contract terms or administratively not invoiced. All unbilled receivables as of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 20162017 are expected to be billed and collected within 30
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



days. Accounts payable at June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 20162017 includes $12.1$10.8 million and $22.8$11.3 million, respectively, related to costs incurred under the Company’s fee building contracts.


4.    Real Estate Inventories and Capitalized Interest
Real estate inventories are summarized as follows:
June 30, December 31,June 30, December 31,
2017 20162018 2017
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Deposits and pre-acquisition costs$45,480
 $38,723
$40,001
 $35,846
Land held and land under development107,998
 98,596
43,368
 47,757
Homes completed or under construction179,885
 93,628
329,278
 302,884
Model homes32,037
 55,981
57,091
 29,656
$365,400
 $286,928
$469,738
 $416,143

All of our deposits and pre-acquisition costs are non-refundable,nonrefundable, except for refundable deposits of $0.2$1.0 million and $4.1$0.8 million as of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, respectively.
Land held and land under development includes land costs and costs incurred during site development such as development, indirects, and permits. Homes completed or under construction and model homes (except for capitalized selling and marketing costs, which are classified in other assets) include all costs associated with home construction, including land, development, indirects, permits, materials and labor.labor (except for capitalized selling and marketing costs, which are classified in other assets).
In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC")ASC 360,Property, Plant and Equipment (“ASC 360”), inventory is stated at cost, unless the carrying amount is determined not to be recoverable, in which case inventory is written down to its fair value. We review each real estate asset at the community-level on a quarterly basis or whenever indicators of impairment exist. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company recognized
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



real estate-related impairments of $1.3 million in cost of sales resulting in a decrease of the same amount to pretax income before income taxes(loss) for our homebuilding segment. Fair value for the homebuilding project impaired during the2017 second quarter was calculated under a discounted cash flow model.model with project cash flows discounted at an 8% rate. The following table summarizes inventory impairments recorded during the three and six months ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016:2017:

Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
(Dollars in Thousands)(Dollars in Thousands)
Inventory impairments:              
Home sales$1,300
 $
 $1,300
 $
$
 $1,300
 $
 $1,300
Total inventory impairments$1,300
 $
 $1,300
 $
$
 $1,300
 $
 $1,300
              
Remaining carrying value of inventory impaired at period end$12,550
 $
 $12,550
 $
$
 $12,550
 $
 $12,550
Number of projects impaired during the period1
 
 1
 

 1
 
 1
Total number of projects subject to periodic impairment review during the year (1)
25
 23
 26
 23
Total number of projects subject to periodic impairment review during the period (1)
26
 25
 26
 26
  

(1) Represents the peak number of real estate projects that we had during each respective period. The number of projects outstanding at the end of each period
may be less than the number of projects listed herein.

The home sales impairments of $1.3 million related to homes completed or under construction for one active homebuilding community located in Southern California. This community was experiencing a slow monthly sales absorption
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



rate, and the Company determined that additional incentives were required to sell the remaining homes and lots at estimated aggregate sales prices that would be lower than its previous carrying value.
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS




5.    Capitalized Interest
Interest is capitalized to inventory and investment in unconsolidated joint ventures during development and other qualifying activities. Interest capitalized as a cost of inventory is included in cost of sales as related homes are closed. Interest capitalized to investment in unconsolidated joint ventures is amortized to equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures as related joint venture homes or lots close.close, or in instances where lots are sold from the unconsolidated joint venture to the Company, the interest is added to the land basis and included in cost of sales when the related lots or homes are sold to third-party buyers. For the three and six months ended June 30, 20172018 and 20162017 interest incurred, capitalized and expensed was as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Interest incurred$6,401
 $1,689
 $8,437
 $2,970
$6,612
 $6,401
 $13,328
 $8,437
Interest capitalized to inventory(5,878) (1,689) (7,750) (2,970)(6,149) (5,878) (12,344) (7,750)
Interest capitalized to investments in unconsolidated joint ventures(523) 
 (687) 
Interest capitalized to investment in unconsolidated joint ventures(463) (523) (984) (687)
Interest expensed$
 $
 $
 $
$
 $
 $
 $
              
Capitalized interest in beginning inventory$6,663
 $4,823
 $6,342
 $4,190
$19,884
 $6,663
 $16,453
 $6,342
Interest capitalized as a cost of inventory5,878
 1,689
 7,750
 2,970
6,149
 5,878
 12,344
 7,750
Capitalized interest transferred from investment in unconsolidated joint venture to inventory upon lot acquisition5
 
 5
 
Previously capitalized interest included in cost of sales(1,720) (1,063) (3,271) (1,711)(3,750) (1,720) (6,514) (3,271)
Capitalized interest in ending inventory$10,821
 $5,449
 10,821
 5,449
$22,288
 $10,821
 22,288
 10,821
              
Capitalized interest in beginning investment in unconsolidated joint ventures164
 
 
 
$1,962
 $164
 $1,472
 $
Interest capitalized to investments in unconsolidated joint ventures523
 
 687
 
Previously capitalized interest included in equity in net income of unconsolidated joint ventures
 
 
 
Capitalized interest in ending investments in unconsolidated joint ventures687
 
 687
 
Interest capitalized to investment in unconsolidated joint ventures463
 523
 984
 687
Capitalized interest transferred from investment in unconsolidated joint venture to inventory upon lot acquisition(5) 
 (5) 
Previously capitalized interest included in equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures(18) 
 (49) 
Capitalized interest in ending investment in unconsolidated joint ventures2,402
 687
 2,402
 687
Total capitalized interest in ending inventory and investments in unconsolidated joint ventures$11,508
 $5,449
 $11,508
 $5,449
$24,690
 $11,508
 $24,690
 $11,508
              
Capitalized interest as a percentage of inventory3.0% 1.4% 3.0% 1.4%4.7% 3.0% 4.7% 3.0%
Interest included in cost of sales as a percentage of home sales revenue1.8% 1.3% 2.0% 1.4%3.2% 1.8% 3.3% 2.0%
              
Capitalized interest as a percentage of investments in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures1.2% % 1.2% %
Capitalized interest as a percentage of investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures4.1% 1.2% 4.1% 1.2%


THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



5.6.    Investments in and Advances to Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
 
As of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, the Company had ownership interests in 12 and 13, respectively,10 unconsolidated joint ventures with ownership percentages that generally rangeranged from 5% to 35%. The condensed combined balance sheets for our unconsolidated joint ventures accounted for under the equity method arewere as follows:
June 30, December 31,June 30, December 31,
2017 20162018 2017
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents$31,304
 $33,683
$26,231
 $30,017
Restricted cash16,176
 8,374
15,048
 15,041
Real estate inventories407,239
 386,487
439,013
 396,850
Other assets1,922
 1,664
1,422
 3,942
Total assets$456,641
 $430,208
$481,714
 $445,850
      
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities$28,109
 $28,706
$33,844
 $34,959
Notes payable106,111
 97,664
75,616
 78,341
Total liabilities134,220
 126,370
109,460
 113,300
The New Home Company's equity49,226
 46,857
56,099
 50,523
Other partners' equity273,195
 256,981
316,155
 282,027
Total equity322,421
 303,838
372,254
 332,550
Total liabilities and equity$456,641
 $430,208
$481,714
 $445,850
Debt-to-capitalization ratio24.8% 24.3%16.9% 19.1%
Debt-to-equity ratio32.9% 32.1%20.3% 23.6%

As of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, the Company had advances outstanding of approximately $6.0 million$0 and $4.0$3.8 million, respectively, to theseone of its unconsolidated joint ventures, which were included in the notes payable balances of the unconsolidated joint ventures in the table above. The advances relaterelated to an unsecured promissory note entered into on October 31, 2016 and amended on February 3, 2017 with Encore McKinley Village LLC ("Encore McKinley"), an unconsolidated joint venture of the Company. The note bearsbore interest at 10% per annum and matures on October 31, 2017, withwas fully repaid during the right to extend to October 31, 2018.2018 second quarter.

The condensed combined statements of operations for our unconsolidated joint ventures accounted for under the equity method arewere as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues$35,171
 $70,104
 $61,791
 $112,061
$33,879
 $35,171
 $65,892
 $61,791
Cost of sales and expenses35,825
 59,909
 63,309
 99,725
34,165
 35,825
 65,374
 63,309
Net (loss) income of unconsolidated joint ventures$(654) $10,195
 $(1,518) $12,336
Equity in net income of unconsolidated joint ventures reflected in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations$201
 $3,947
 $507
 $3,940
Net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures$(286) $(654) $518
 $(1,518)
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations$(120) $201
 $215
 $507
    
For the three and six months ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, the Company earned $0.7 million, $1.7 million, $1.2 million, $2.4 million, $2.5 million, and $4.7$2.4 million respectively, in management fees from its unconsolidated joint ventures. For additional detail regarding management fees, please see Note 11 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.12 - "Related Party Transactions."
During the 2017 second quarter, our Larkspur Land 8 Investors LLC unconsolidated joint venture (Larkspur)("Larkspur") allocated $0.1 million of income to the Company from a reduction in cost to complete reserves, which was included in equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations, and our outside equity partner exited the joint venture. Upon the change in control, we were required to consolidate this venture as a wholly
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



owned subsidiary and the Company assumed the cash, other assets, and accrued liabilities, including warranty and the remaining costs to complete reserves, of the joint venture. As part of this transaction, and in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations, the Company also recognized a gain of $0.3 million, which was included in equity in net income of unconsolidated joint ventures in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations, due to the purchase of our JV partner's interest for less than its carrying value.
During June 2016, our LR8 Investors LLC unconsolidated joint venture (LR8) made its final distributions, allocated $0.5 million of income to the Company from a reduction in warranty reserves, which was included in equity in net income of unconsolidated joint ventures in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations, and our outside equity partner exited the joint venture. Upon the change in control, we were required to consolidate this venture as a wholly owned subsidiary and the Company assumed the cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities, including the remaining warranty reserve, of the joint venture. As part of this transaction, and in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations, the Company also recognized a gain of $1.1 million, which was included in equity in net income(loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations, due to the purchase of our JV partner's interest for less than its carrying value.

6.7.    Other Assets
Other assets consist of the following:
June 30, December 31,June 30, December 31,
2017 20162018 2017
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Capitalized selling and marketing costs(1)
$11,878
 $10,101
   
Property, equipment and capitalized selling and marketing costs, net(1)(2)
$10,059
 $603
Deferred tax asset, net8,488
 8,434
7,798
 6,317
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation716
 857
Prepaid income taxes1,251
 
Prepaid expenses2,834
 1,907
5,554
 4,937
Warranty insurance receivable(3)
1,202
 1,202
Capitalized selling and marketing costs(1)(4)

 11,232
$23,916
 $21,299
$25,864
 $24,291
  

(1)    The Company amortized $2.1 million, $3.2 million, $1.6 million, and $2.4 million of capitalized selling and marketing project costs to selling and marketing expenses during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
(1)Under the adoption of the requirements of ASC 606 on January 1, 2018, certain selling and marketing costs that were previously capitalized under former accounting guidance were written off. For the current year, remaining selling and marketing costs and those incurred during the first half of 2018 that are permitted to be capitalized under ASC 340 are included as "Property, equipment and capitalized selling and marketing costs, net" within "Other Assets." Under the modified retrospective adoption approach, the December 31, 2017 balance has not been restated. For more information on the adoption of ASC 606, please refer to Note 1.
(2)The Company depreciated $1.5 million and $2.4 million of capitalized selling and marketing costs to selling and marketing expenses during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.
(3)Of the $1.2 million amount for December 2017, approximately $0.6 million related to 2016 estimated warranty insurance recoveries. For further discussion, please see Note 8.
(4)The Company amortized $2.1 million and $3.2 million of capitalized selling and marketing costs to selling and marketing expenses during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017.


7.8.    Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other liabilities consist of the following:
June 30, December 31,June 30, December 31,
2017 20162018 2017
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Warranty accrual(1)$5,399
 $4,931
$6,998
 $6,859
Accrued compensation and benefits3,181
 6,786
2,545
 9,164
Accrued interest6,872
 648
6,176
 6,217
Completion reserve1,471
 1,355
2,379
 5,792
Income taxes payable
 7,147

 6,368
Deferred profit from unconsolidated joint ventures460
 957

 136
Other accrued expenses2,090
 1,594
5,698
 3,518
$19,473
 $23,418
$23,796
 $38,054

(1)Included in the amount at December 31, 2017 is approximately $1.2 million of additional warranty liabilities estimated to be covered by our insurance policies that were adjusted to present the warranty reserves and related estimated warranty insurance receivable on a gross basis at December 31, 2017. Of this amount, approximately $0.6 million related to 2016 estimated warranty insurance recoveries.
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS




Changes in our warranty accrual are detailed in the table set forth below:
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Beginning warranty accrual for homebuilding projects$4,678
 $4,057
 $4,608
 $3,846
$6,775
 $4,678
 $6,634
 $4,608
Warranty provision for homebuilding projects331
 493
 602
 805
470
 331
 986
 602
Warranty assumed from joint venture at consolidation358
 469
 358
 469
Warranty assumed from joint ventures at consolidation
 358
 
 358
Warranty payments for homebuilding projects(291) (145) (492) (246)(469) (291) (844) (492)
Ending warranty accrual for homebuilding projects5,076
 4,874
 5,076
 4,874
6,776
 5,076
 6,776
 5,076
              
Beginning warranty accrual for fee building projects323
 332
 323
 335
223
 323
 225
 323
Warranty provision for fee building projects
 
 
 

 
 
 
Warranty efforts for fee building projects
 (1) 
 (4)(1) 
 (3) 
Ending warranty accrual for fee building projects323
 331
 323
 331
222
 323
 222
 323
Total ending warranty accrual$5,399
 $5,205
 $5,399
 $5,205
$6,998
 $5,399
 $6,998
 $5,399

We maintain general liability insurance designed to protect us against a portion of our risk of loss from construction-related warranty and construction defect claims. Our warranty accrual and related estimated insurance recoveries are based on historical claim and expense data, and expected recoveries from insurance carriers are recorded based on actual insurance claims and amounts determined using our warranty accrual estimates, our insurance policy coverage limits for the applicable policy years and historical recovery rates. Because of the inherent uncertainty and variability in these assumptions, our actual insurance recoveries could differ significantly from amounts currently estimated.


8.9.    Senior Notes and Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility
Notes payable consisted of the following:
June 30, December 31,June 30, December 31,
2017 20162018 2017
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
7.25% Senior Notes due 2022, net$318,121
 $
$319,402
 $318,656
Senior unsecured revolving credit facility
 118,000
Unsecured revolving credit facility35,000
 
Total Notes Payable$318,121
 $118,000
$354,402
 $318,656

The carrying amount of our senior notes listed above at June 30, 2018 is net of the unamortized discount of $2.5$1.9 million, unamortized premium of $2.0$1.5 million, and $6.4$5.2 million of unamortized debt issuance costs that are amortized and capitalized to interest costs on a straight-line basis over the respective terms of the notes.notes which approximates the effective interest method. Debt issuance costs for the unsecured revolving credit facility are included in other assets and amortized and capitalized to interest costs on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement.

On March 17, 2017, the Company completed the sale of $250 million in aggregate principal amount of 7.25% Senior Notes due 2022 (the "Existing Notes"), in a private placement. The Existing Notes were issued at an offering price of 98.961% of their face amount, which represents a yield to maturity of 7.50%. On May 4, 2017, the Company completed a tack-on private placement offering through the sale of an additional $75 million in aggregate principal amount of the 7.25% Senior Notes due 2022 ("Additional Notes"). The Additional Notes were issued at an offering price of 102.75% of their face amount plus accrued interest since March 17, 2017, which represented a yield to maturity of 6.438%. Net proceeds from the Existing Notes were used to repay all borrowings outstanding under the Company’s senior unsecured revolving credit facility with the remainder to be used for general corporate purposes. Net proceeds from the Additional Notes will bewere used for working capital, land
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



acquisition and general corporate purposes. Interest on the Existing Notes and the Additional Notes (collectively,(together, the “Notes”"Notes") will beis paid semiannually in arrears on April 1 and October 1, commencing October 1, 2017.1. The Notes will mature on April 1, 2022.were exchanged in an exchange offer for Notes that are identical to the original Notes, except that they are registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and are freely tradeable in accordance with applicable law.
    
The Notes are general senior unsecured obligations that rank equally in right of payment to all existing and future senior indebtedness, including borrowings under the Company's senior unsecured revolving credit facility. The Notes contain certain restrictive covenants, including a limitation on additional indebtedness and a limitation on restricted payments. Restricted payments include, among other things, dividends, investments in unconsolidated entities, and stock repurchases. Under the limitation on additional indebtedness, we are permitted to incur specified categories of indebtedness but are prohibited, aside from those exceptions, from incurring further indebtedness if we do not satisfy either a leverage condition or an interest coverage condition. Exceptions to the limitation include, among other things, borrowings of up to $260 million under existing or future bank credit facilities, non-recourse indebtedness, and indebtedness incurred for the purpose of refinancing or repaying certain existing indebtedness. Under the limitation on restricted payments, we are also prohibited from
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



making restricted payments, aside from certain exceptions, if we do not satisfy either condition. In addition, the amount of restricted payments that we can make is subject to an overall basket limitation, which builds based on, among other things, 50% of consolidated net income from January 1, 2017 and 100% of the net cash proceeds from qualified equity offerings. Exceptions to the foregoing limitations on our ability to make restricted payments include, among other things, investments in joint ventures and other investments up to 15% of our consolidated tangible net assets and a general basket of $15,000,000.$15 million. The Notes are guaranteed, on an unsecured basis, jointly and severally, by all of the Company's 100% owned subsidiaries. See Note 1617 for information about the guarantees and supplemental financial statement information about our guarantor subsidiaries group and non-guarantor subsidiaries group. The Company executed registration rights agreements pursuant to which it agreed to register the Notes. If we fail to register the Notes by mid-November 2017, as set forth in the registration rights agreements, we have agreed to pay additional interest to the holders of the effected Notes at a rate of 0.25% per annum for the first 90-day period immediately following the occurrence of such default, which such rate increasing by an additional 0.25% per annum with respect to each subsequent 90-day period until all such defaults have been cured, up to a maximum additional interest rate of 1.0% per annum.

The Company's unsecured revolving credit facility ("Credit Facility") is with a bank group with a total commitment of $260and matures on September 1, 2020. Total commitments under the Credit Facility are $200 million andwith an accordion feature that allows borrowingsthe facility size thereunder to be increased up to an aggregate of $350$300 million, subject to certain conditions, including the availability of bank commitments, and a maturity date of April 30, 2019.commitments. As of June 30, 2017,2018, we had no$35 million of outstanding borrowings under the credit facility. We may repay advances at any time without premium or penalty. Interest is payable monthly and is charged at a rate of 1-month LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 2.25% to 3.00% depending on the Company’s leverage ratio as calculated at the end of each fiscal quarter. As of June 30, 2017,2018, the interest rate under the Credit Facility was 3.72%4.84%. Pursuant to the Credit Facility, the Company is required to maintain certain financial covenants as defined in the Credit Facility, including (i) a minimum tangible net worth; (ii) maximum leverage ratios; (iii) a minimum liquidity covenant; and (iv) a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio based on EBITDA (as detailed in the Credit Facility) to interest incurred. As of June 30, 2017,2018, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants.

The Credit Facility also provides a $25 million sublimit for letters of credit, subject to conditions set forth in the agreement. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had $3.4 million in outstanding letters of credit issued under the Credit Facility.
9.
10.    Fair Value Disclosures
ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, defines fair value as the price that would be received for selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at a measurement date and requires assets and liabilities carried at fair value to be classified and disclosed in the following three categories:
Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets
Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are inactive; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets at measurement date
Level 3 – Valuations derived from techniques where one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable in active markets at measurement date

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following table presents an estimated fair value of the Company's senior notes measured on a recurring basis.Notes and Credit Facility. The estimated value is based onNotes are classified as Level 2 inputs, whichand primarily reflect estimated prices for our Notes obtained from outside pricing sources. The Company's Credit Facility is classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. The Company had an outstanding balance of $35.0 million under its Credit Facility at June 30, 2018, and the estimated fair value of the outstanding balance approximated the carrying value due to the short-term nature of LIBOR contracts.
 June 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
 Carrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair Value
 (dollars in thousands)
7.25% Senior Notes due 2022, net (1)
$318,121
 $334,750
 $
 $
 June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
 Carrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair Value
 (Dollars in thousands)
7.25% Senior Notes due 2022, net (1)
$319,402
 $332,313
 $318,656
 $336,375
Unsecured revolving credit facility$35,000
 $35,000
 $
 $
  
(1) The carrying value for the Senior Notes, as presented at June 30, 2018, is net of the unamortized discount of $2.5$1.9 million, unamortized premium of $2.0$1.5 million, and $6.4$5.2 million of unamortized debt issuance costs. The carrying value for the Senior Notes, as presented at December 31, 2017, is net of the unamortized discount of $2.2 million, unamortized premium of $1.8 million, and $5.9 million of unamortized debt issuance costs. The unamortized discount, unamortized premium and debt issuance costs are not factored into the estimated fair value.    
The Company determined that the fair value estimate of its unsecured revolving credit facility is classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. The Company had no outstanding balance on the revolving credit facility at June 30, 2017, and the estimated fair value of the outstanding revolving credit facility balance at December 31, 2016 approximated the carrying value due to the short-term nature of LIBOR contracts.
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The Company considers the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, contracts and accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses and other liabilities to approximate the fair value of these financial instruments based on the short duration between origination of the instruments and their expected realization. The fair value of amounts due from affiliates is not determinable due to the related party nature of such amounts.

Non-Recurring Fair Value Adjustments

Nonfinancial assets and liabilities include items such as inventory and long-lived assets that are measured at cost when acquired and adjusted for impairment to fair value, if deemed necessary. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company recognized a real estate-related impairment adjustmentadjustments of $1.3 million.million related to one homebuilding community. The impairment adjustment was made using Level 3 inputs and assumptions. The fairassumptions, and the carrying value of the real estate inventories subject to the 2017 impairment adjustmentsadjustment was $12.6 million at June 30, 2017.

10.11.    Commitments and Contingencies
From time-to-time, the Company is involved in various legal matters arising in the ordinary course of business. These claims and legal proceedings are of a nature that we believe are normal and incidental to a homebuilder. We make provisions for loss contingencies when they are probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Such provisions are assessed at least quarterly and adjusted to reflect the impact of any settlement negotiations, judicial and administrative rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other information and events pertaining to a particular case. In view of the inherent unpredictability of litigation, we generally cannot predict their ultimate resolution, related timing or eventual loss. At this time, we do not believe that our loss contingencies, individually or in the aggregate, are material to our consolidated financial statements.
As an owner and developer of real estate, the Company is subject to various environmental laws of federal, state and local governments. The Company is not aware of any environmental liability that could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations. However, changes in applicable environmental laws and regulations, the uses and conditions of real estate in the vicinity of the Company’s real estate and other environmental conditions of which the Company is unaware with respect to the real estate could result in future environmental liabilities.
The Company has provided credit enhancements in connection with joint venture borrowings in the form of LTV maintenance agreements in order to secure the joint venture's performance under the loans and maintenance of certain LTV ratios. The Company has also entered into agreements with its partners in each of the unconsolidated joint ventures whereby the Company and its partners are apportioned liability under the LTV maintenance agreements according to their respective capital interest. In addition, the agreements provide the Company, to the extent its partner has an unpaid liability under such credit enhancements, the right to receive distributions from the unconsolidated joint venture that would otherwise be made to the partner. However, there is no guarantee that such distributions will be made or will be sufficient to cover the share of theCompany's liability apportioned to us.under such LTV maintenance agreements. The loans underlying the LTV maintenance agreements comprise acquisition and development loans, construction revolvers and model home loans, and the agreements remain in force until the loans are satisfied. Due to the nature of the loans, the outstanding balance at any given time is subject to a number of factors including the status of site improvements, the mix of horizontal and vertical development underway, the timing of phase build outs, and the period necessary to complete the escrow process for homebuyers. As of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016, $61.02017, $31.3 million and $56.0$38.6 million, respectively, was outstanding under loans that are credit enhanced by the Company through LTV maintenance agreements. Under the terms of the joint venture agreements, the Company's proportionate share of LTV maintenance agreement liabilities was $9.6$5.0 million and $8.6$6.7 million, respectively, as of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016.2017. In addition, the Company has provided completion agreements regarding specific performance for certain projects whereby the Company is required to complete the given project with funds provided by the beneficiary of the agreement. If there are not adequate funds available under the specific project loans, the Company would then be subject to financial liability under such
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



completion agreements. Typically, under such terms of the joint venture agreements, the Company has the right to apportion the respective share of any costs funded under such completion agreements to its partners. However, there is no guarantee that we will be able to recover against our partners for such amounts owed to us under the terms of such joint venture agreements. In connection with joint venture borrowings, the Company also selectively provides (a) an environmental indemnity provided to the lender that holds the lender harmless from and against losses arising from the discharge of hazardous materials from the property and non-compliance with applicable environmental laws; and (b) indemnification of the lender from “bad"bad boy acts”acts" of the unconsolidated entity.entity such as fraud, misrepresentation, misapplication or non-payment of rents, profits, insurance, and condemnation proceeds, waste and mechanic liens, and bankruptcy.
We obtain surety bonds in the normal course of business to ensure completion of certain infrastructure improvements of our projects. As of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, the Company had outstanding surety bonds totaling $47.5$50.8 million and $44.0$52.1 million, respectively. The estimated remaining costs to complete of such improvements as of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 20162017 were $15.0$19.4 million and $15.7$24.4 million, respectively. The beneficiaries of the bonds are various
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



municipalities and other organizations. In the event that any such surety bond issued by a third party is called because the required improvements are not completed, the Company could be obligated to reimburse the issuer of the bond.
On May 6, 2015,During the 2017 third quarter, the Company entered intoamended a letterjoint venture agreement pursuant to which it, among other things, agreed to acquire approximately 400 lots in Phase 1 of credit facilitythe joint venture project and posted a $5.1 million nonrefundable deposit for the acquisition of such lots. The agreement that allows for the Company to enter the property in advance of the closing date to perform certain improvements, which it began in the 2018 second quarter and certain affiliated unconsolidated joint ventures to issue up to $5.0 million in letters of credit.totaled $4.1 million. The agreement includes an option to increase this amount to $7.5 million, subject to certain conditions. As of June 30, 2017, our affiliated unconsolidated joint ventures had $1.8 million in outstanding letters of credit issued under this facility andrequired the Company had no obligations associated with such outstanding JV lettersto reimburse the joint venture for the costs of credit.

these improvement which were estimated to be $17.0 million should the Company not acquire the lots. In July of 2018, the Company acquired these lots eliminating the potential reimbursement contingency.
11.
12. Related Party Transactions
During the three and six months ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, the Company incurred construction-related costs on behalf of its unconsolidated joint ventures totaling $1.7$1.5 million, $4.0$3.6 million, $1.7 million and $4.4$4.0 million, respectively. As of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, $0.1 million and $0.2$0.1 million, respectively, are included in due from affiliates in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets related to such costs.
The Company has entered into agreements with its unconsolidated joint ventures to provide management services related to the underlying projects (collectively referred to as the “Management Agreements”"Management Agreements"). Pursuant to the Management Agreements, the Company receives a management fee based on each project’s revenues. During the three and six months ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, the Company earned $0.7 million, $1.7 million, $1.2 million $2.4 million, $2.5 million and $4.7$2.4 million, respectively, in management fees, which have been recorded as fee building revenuerevenues in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016, $0.1 million2017, $24,000 and $0.6$0.3 million, respectively, of management fees are included in due from affiliates in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
One member of the Company's board of directors beneficially owns more than 10% of the Company's outstanding common stock through an affiliated entity, IHP Capital Partners VI, LLC, and is also affiliated with an entityentities that hashave investments in two of the Company's unconsolidated joint ventures.ventures, TNHC Meridian Investors LLC and TNHC Russell Ranch LLC ("Russell Ranch"). A separateformer member of the Company's board of directors is also affiliated with an entityentities that hashave investments in three of the Company's unconsolidated joint ventures.ventures, Arantine Hills Holdings LP ("Bedford"), Calabasas Village LP, and TNHC-TCN Santa Clarita, LP. As of June 30, 2017,2018, the Company's investment in these five unconsolidated joint ventures totaled $24.1$41.2 million. During the 2017 second quarter, the Bedford joint venture agreement was amended to increase the Company's funding obligation by $4.0 million over the existing contribution cap. During the 2017 third quarter, the Company amended the Russell Ranch joint venture agreement pursuant to which it, among other things, agreed to acquire approximately 400 lots in Phase 1 of the project. At June 30, 2018, the Company had a $5.1 million nonrefundable deposit outstanding related to this purchase, which was subsequently applied to the purchase price of the land when it was fully taken down in July of 2018.
TL Fab LP, an affiliate of one of the Company's non-employee directors, was engaged by the Company and some of its unconsolidated joint ventures as a trade contractor to provide metal fabrication services. For the three and six months ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, the Company incurred $0.1 million, $0.3$0.2 million, $0.1 million and $0.2$0.3 million, respectively, for these services. TheFor the same periods, the Company's unconsolidated joint ventures incurred $0, $0.4 million, $0.3 million $0.6 million, $0.2 million and $0.4$0.6 million, respectively, for these services. Of these costs, $10,000$0 and $33,000$10,700 was due to TL Fab LP from the Company at June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, respectively, and $130,000 and $14,000$0 was due to TL Fab LP from the Company's unconsolidated joint ventures at both June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016, respectively.2017.
In its ordinary course of business, the Company enters into agreements to purchase lots from unconsolidated land development joint ventures of which it is a member. In accordance with ASC 360-20, Property, Plant and Equipment - Real
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Estate Sales ("ASC 360-20"), the Company defers its portion of the underlying gain from the joint venture's sale of these lots. When the Company purchases lots directly from the joint venture, the deferred gain is recorded as a reduction to the Company's land basis on the purchased lots. In certain instances, a third party may purchase lots from our unconsolidated joint ventures with the intent to finish the lots. Then,lots with the Company hashaving an option to acquire these finished lots from the third party. In these instances, the Company defers its portion of the underlying gain and records the deferred gain as deferred profit from unconsolidated joint ventures included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Once the lot is purchased by the Company, the pro-rata share of the previously deferred profit is recorded as a reduction to the Company's land basis in the purchased lots. In both instances, the gain is ultimately recognized when the Company delivers lots to third-party home buyers at the time of the home closing. At June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016, $0.3 million2017, $0 and $0.6$0.1 million, respectively, of deferred gain from lot sale transactions is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as deferred profit from unconsolidated joint ventures.ventures for lot transactions between the Company and its TNHC-HW Cannery LLC ("Cannery") unconsolidated joint venture. In addition, at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, $0.82018, $0.5 million and $0.7 million, respectively, of deferred gain from lot saletransactions with the Cannery and Bedford unconsolidated joint ventures remained unrecognized and included as a reduction to land basis in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. At December 31, 2017, $0.5 million, of deferred gain from the Cannery lot transactions remained unrecognized and was included as a reduction to land basis in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The Company’s land purchase agreement with one of its unconsolidated joint ventures, TNHC-HWthe Cannery LLC ("TNHC-HW Cannery"), requires profit participation payments due upon the closing of each home.  Payment amounts are calculated based upon a percentage of estimated net profits and are due every 90 days after the first home closing.  During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company was refunded $0.2 million from TNHC-HWthe Cannery for profit participation overpayments from prior periods due to a modification of the underlying calculation related to profit participation, and asparticipation. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, no profit participation was due to TNHC-HWthe Cannery. Also per the purchase agreement, the Company is due
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



$0.1was reimbursed $0.1 million in fee credits from TNHC-HWthe Cannery LLC atduring 2018. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, $0 and $0.1 million, respectively, in fee credits was due to the Company from the Cannery, which is included in due from affiliates in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2016, $0.2 million of profit participation overpayments and $0.1 million in fee credits was due to the Company from TNHC-HW Cannery and included in due from affiliates in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
On June 18, 2015, the Company entered into an agreement that effectively transitioned Joseph Davis' role within the Company from that of Chief Investment Officer to that of a non-employee consultant to the Company effective June 26, 2015 ("Transition Date"). As of the Transition Date, Mr. Davis ceased being an employee of the Company and became an independent contractor performing consulting services. Mr. Davis is expected to work approximately, but not more than, 20 consulting hours per month. For his services, he is compensated $5,000 per month. His current agreement terminates on JulyJune 26, 20182019 with the option to extend the agreement one year, if mutually consented to by the parties. Either party may terminate the agreement at any time for any or no reason. At June 30, 2017,2018, no fees were due to Mr. Davis for his consulting services.
On June 29, 2015, Additionally, the Company formedentered into a new unconsolidated joint ventureconstruction agreement effective September 7, 2017, with The Joseph and received capital credit in excessTerri Davis Family Trust Dated August 25, 1999 ("Davis Family Trust") of our contributed land basis. Aswhich Joseph Davis is a result,trustee. The agreement is a fee building contract pursuant to which the Company recognized $1.6 millionacts in equity in net incomethe capacity of unconsolidated joint venturesa general contractor to build a single family detached home on land owned by the Davis Family Trust. For its services, the Company will receive a contractor's fee and deferred $0.4 million in profit from unconsolidated joint ventures related to this transaction for the year ended December 31, 2015.Davis Family Trust will reimburse the Company's field overhead costs. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, $34,0002018, the Company billed the Davis Family Trust $0.6 million and $0.1$0.7 million, respectively, ofincluding reimbursable construction costs and the previously deferred revenue was recognized as equity in net income of unconsolidated joint ventures, and at June 30, 2017, $0.2 million remained unrecognized andCompany's contractor's fees which are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
On January 15, 2016, the Company entered into an assignment and assumption of membership interest agreement (the “Buyout Agreement”) for its partner's interest in the TNHC San Juan LLC unconsolidated joint venture. Per the terms of the Buyout Agreement, the Company contributed $20.6 million to the joint venture, and the joint venture made a liquidating cash distribution to our partner for the same amount in exchange for its membership interest. Prior to the buyout, the Company accounted for its investment in TNHC San Juan LLC as an equity method investment. After the buyout, TNHC San Juan LLC is now a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.
During June 2016, our LR8 Investors LLC unconsolidated joint venture (LR8) made its final distributions, allocated $0.5 million of income to the Company from a reduction in warranty reserves, which was included in equity in net income of unconsolidated joint venturesfee building revenues in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations,operations. Contractor's fees comprised $17,000 and our outside equity partner exited the joint venture. Upon the change in control, we were required to consolidate this venture as a wholly owned subsidiary and the Company assumed the cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities, including the remaining warranty reserve,$17,100 of the joint venture. As part of this transaction, and in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations, the Company also recognized a gain of $1.1 million, which was included in equity in net income of unconsolidated joint ventures in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations, due to the purchase of our JV partner's interesttotal billings for less than its carrying value.
As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company had advances outstanding of approximately $6.0 million and $4.0 million, respectively, to an unconsolidated joint venture, Encore McKinley Village. The note bears interest at 10% per annum and matures on October 31, 2017, with the right to extend to October 31, 2018. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, the2018, respectively. The Company earned $0.1recorded $0.6 million and $0.3$0.6 million in interest income onfor the unsecured promissory notethree and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, for the cost of this fee building revenue which isare included in equity in net incomefee building cost of unconsolidated joint venturessales in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. As ofAt June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016, $0.3 million and $44,000 of interest income2017, the Company was due to$48,000 and $0.5 million, respectively, from the Company andDavis Family Trust for construction draws, which are included in due from affiliates in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

On February 17, 2017, (the "Transition Date"), the Company entered into a consulting agreement that transitioned Mr. Stelmar's role from that of Chief Investment Officer to a non-employee consultant to the Company. While an employee of the Company, Mr. Stelmar served as an employee director of the Company's Board of Directors. The agreement also provides that effective upon Mr. Stelmar's termination of employment, he shall become a non-employee director and shall receive the compensation and be subject to the requirements of a non-employee director pursuant to the Company's policies. For his consulting services, Mr. Stelmar willis compensated $6,000 per month. The current term is through August 17, 2019 and may be compensated $16,800 per month for a term of one year from the Transition Date with the option to extend the agreement one year on each anniversaryextended upon mutual consent of the Transition Date if mutually consented to by the parties. Either party may terminate the agreement at any time for any or no reason. Additionally, Mr. Stelmar's outstanding restricted stock unit equity award granted in 2016 will continue to vest in accordance with its original terms based on his continued provision of consulting services rather than continued employment. At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, no fees were due to Mr. Stelmar for his consulting services.

On June 29, 2015, the Company formed a new unconsolidated joint venture, TNHC Tidelands LLC ("Tidelands"), and received capital credit in excess of our contributed land basis. As a result, the Company recognized $1.6 million in equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures and deferred $0.4 million in profit from unconsolidated joint ventures related to
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



this transaction for the year ended December 31, 2015. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, $34,000 and $0.1 million, respectively, of the previously deferred revenue was recognized as equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures. During the third quarter of 2017, the Company acquired the remaining outside equity interest of the Tidelands joint venture. As part of this transaction, the remaining deferred profit was written off, and at December 31, 2017, no deferred profit remained unrecognized or was included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had advances outstanding of approximately $0 and $3.8 million, respectively, to an unconsolidated joint venture, Encore McKinley. The note bore interest at 10% per annum and was fully repaid during the 2018 second quarter. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company earned $49,000, $0.1 million, $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, in interest income on the unsecured promissory note which is included in equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, $0 and $34,000, respectively, of interest income was due to the Company and included in due from affiliates in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
During the 2017 second quarter, our Larkspur Land 8 Investors LLC unconsolidated joint venture (Larkspur)("Larkspur") allocated $0.1 million of income to the Company from a reduction in cost to complete reserves, which was included in equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations, and our outside equity partner exited the joint venture. Upon the change in control, we were required to consolidate this venture as a wholly
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



owned subsidiary and the Company assumed the cash, other assets, and accrued liabilities, including warranty and the remaining costs to complete reserves, of the joint venture. As part of this transaction and in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations, the Company also recognized a gain of $0.3 million, which was included in equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations, due to the purchase of our JV partner's interest for less than its carrying value.
In AprilDuring 2017, the Company entered into an agreementtwo transactions to purchase land from an affiliateaffiliates of an entity thatIHP Capital Partners VI, LLC, which owns more than 10% of the Company's outstanding common stock and is affiliated with one member of the Company's board of directors. The first agreement allows the Company the option to purchase approximately 92 lots in Northern California in a phased takedown for a totalgross purchase price of $16.1 million. Themillion with profit participation and master marketing fees due to the seller as outlined in the contract. As of June 30, 2018, the Company has completedtaken down approximately one-third of the due diligence phase of this transaction, postedlots and has a $0.5$0.6 million non-refundablenonrefundable deposit and expects to closeoutstanding on the first phase ofremaining lots. The second transaction allows the Company to purchase finished lots in Northern California which includes customary profit participation and is structured as a rolling option takedown. The total purchase price, including the third quartercost for the finished lot development and the rolling option, is expected to be approximately $56.2 million, and depends on timing of 2017.
Duringtakedowns, as well as our obligation to pay certain fees and costs during the 2017 second quarter,option maintenance period. As of June 30, 2018, the Company throughhas made a wholly owned subsidiary,$0.3 million refundable deposit, reimbursed the owner $0.1 million for fees and costs, paid $1.5 million in option payments, and had not taken down any lots.
In the first quarter 2018, the Company entered into an amendment to one ofagreement with its existingBedford joint venture agreements of an unconsolidated joint venture, TNHC Arantine Hills Holdings LP.  Our joint venture partner in this joint venture, Arantine Hills Equity LP,that is affiliated with one former member of the members of ourCompany's board of directors. The amendmentdirectors for the option to purchase lots in phased takedowns. As of June 30, 2018, the Company has made a $1.5 million nonrefundable deposit as consideration for this option, and a portion of the deposit will be applied to the joint venture agreement provides for a pro rata increasepurchase price across the phases. The gross purchase price of the land is $10.0 million with profit participation due to seller as outlined in the maximum capital commitments of both partners.contract. The Company increased its funding obligation by $4has taken down approximately one-fourth of the contracted lots and $1.1 million of the nonrefundable deposit remains outstanding.

FMR LLC beneficially owns over 10% of the existing contribution cap.  AtCompany's common stock, and an affiliate of FMR LLC ("Fidelity") provides investment management and record keeping services to the Company’s 401(k) Plan. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company’sCompany paid Fidelity approximately $5,000, $9,000, $4,000 and $7,000, respectively, for 401(k) Plan record keeping and investment management services. The participants in this joint venture totaled $6.2 million.
the Company's 401(k) Plan paid Fidelity approximately $2,000, $4,000, $1,000 and $2,000 for the three and six ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, for record keeping and investment management services.
12.
13.    Stock-Based Compensation
The Company's 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “2014"2014 Incentive Plan”Plan"), was adopted by our board of directors in January 2014. The 2014 Incentive Plan provides for the grant of equity-based awards, including options to purchase shares of common stock, stock appreciation rights, restricted and unrestricted stock awards, restricted stock units and performance awards. The 2014 Incentive Plan will automatically expire on the tenth anniversary of its effective date.
The number of shares of our common stock that are authorized to be issued under the 2014 Incentive Plan is 1,644,875 shares. To the extent that shares of the Company's common stock subject to an outstanding option, stock appreciation right, stock award or performance award granted under the 2014 Incentive Plan or any predecessor plan are not issued or delivered by
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



reason of the expiration, termination, cancellation or forfeiture of such award or the settlement of such award in cash, then such shares of common stock generally shall again be available under the 2014 Incentive Plan.
At our 2016 Annual Meeting of Shareholders on May 24, 2016, our shareholders approved the Company's 2016 Incentive Award Plan (the "2016 Incentive Plan"). The 2016 Incentive Plan provides for the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and other stock- or cash-based awards. Non-employee directors of the Company and employees and consultants of the Company or any of its subsidiaries are eligible to receive awards under the 2016 Incentive Plan. TheOn May 22, 2018, our shareholders approved the amended and restated 2016 Incentive Plan authorizeswhich increased the number of shares authorized for issuance ofunder the plan from 800,000 shares of common stock, subject to certain limitations.2,100,000 shares. The amended and restated 2016 Incentive Plan will expire on February 23, 2026.April 4, 2028.
The Company has issued stock option and restricted stock unit awards under the 2014 Incentive Plan and restricted stock unit awards and performance share unit awards under the 2016 Incentive Plan. As of June 30, 2017, 32,8302018, 51,433 shares remain available for grant under the 2014 Incentive Plan and 464,9281,465,834 shares remain available for grant under the 2016 Incentive Plan. The exercise price of stock-based awards may not be less than the market value of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. The fair value for stock options is established at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model for time-based vesting awards. The Company's stock option, and restricted stock unit awards, and performance share unit awards typically vest over a one to three year period and the stock options expire ten years from the date of grant.
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



A summary of the Company’s common stock option activity as of and for the six months ended June 30, 20172018 and 20162017 is presented below:
Six Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 20162018 2017
Number of Shares Weighted-Average Exercise Price per Share Number of Shares Weighted-Average Exercise Price per ShareNumber of Shares Weighted-Average Exercise Price per Share Number of Shares Weighted-Average Exercise Price per Share
Stock Option Activity       
Outstanding Stock Option Activity       
Outstanding, beginning of period835,786
 $11.00
 840,298
 $11.00
826,498
 $11.00
 835,786
 $11.00
Granted
 $
 
 $

 $
 
 $
Exercised(9,288) $11.00
 
 $

 $
 (9,288) $11.00
Forfeited
 $
 (4,512) $11.00
(5,028) $11.00
 
 $
Outstanding, end of period826,498
 $11.00
 835,786
 $11.00
821,470
 $11.00
 826,498
 $11.00
Exercisable, end of period826,498
 $11.00
 44,442
 $11.00
821,470
 $11.00
 826,498
 $11.00

A summary of the Company’s restricted stock unit activity as of and for the six months ended June 30, 20172018 and 20162017 is presented below:
Six Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 20162018 2017
Number of Shares Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Share Number of Shares Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per ShareNumber of Shares Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Share Number of Shares Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Share
Restricted Stock Unit Activity              
Outstanding, beginning of period474,989
 $10.66
 308,386
 $14.20
562,082
 $10.72
 474,989
 $10.66
Granted343,933
 $10.84
 409,509
 $10.05
179,268
 $11.24
 343,933
 $10.84
Vested(209,619) $10.76
 (231,289) $14.22
(270,363) $11.02
 (209,619) $10.76
Forfeited(26,194) $10.82
 (3,980) $13.68

 $
 (26,194) $10.82
Outstanding, end of period583,109
 $10.72
 482,626
 $10.67
470,987
 $10.74
 583,109
 $10.72

THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



A summary of the Company’s performance share unit activity as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2018 is presented below:
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 2018
 Number of Shares Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Share
Performance Share Unit Activity
 $
Outstanding, beginning of period
 $
Granted (at target)125,422
 $11.68
Vested
 $
Forfeited
 $
Outstanding, end of period (at target)125,422
 $11.68

The expense related to the Company's stock-based compensation programs, included in general and administrative expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations, was as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Expense related to:              
Stock options$
 $185
 $11
 $447
$
 $
 $
 $11
Restricted stock units695
 572
 1,295
 1,295
798
 695
 1,562
 1,295
Performance share units64
 
 142
 
$695
 $757
 $1,306
 $1,742
$862
 $695
 $1,704
 $1,306
We used the "simplified method" to establish the expected term of the common stock options granted by the Company. Our restricted stock unit awards and performance share unit awards are valued based on the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant. The number of performance share units that will vest ranges from 50%-150% of the target amount awarded based on actual cumulative earnings per share and return on equity growth from 2018-2019, subject to initial achievement of minimum thresholds. We evaluate the probability of achieving the performance targets established under each of the performance share unit awards quarterly and estimate the number of underlying units that are probable of being issued. Compensation expense for these awards is being recognized using the straight-line method over the requisite service period, subject to cumulative catch-up adjustments required as a result of changes in the number shares probable of being issued.
At June 30, 2017,2018, the amount of unearned stock-based compensation currently estimated to be expensed through 20202021 is $5.4$4.9 million. The weighted-average period over which the unearned stock-based compensation is expected to be recognized is 2.01.8 years. If there are any modifications or cancellations of the underlying unvested awards, the Company may be required to accelerate, increase or cancel any remaining unearned stock-based compensation expense.

13.14.     Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, which requires an asset and liability approach for measuring deferred taxes based on temporary differences between the financial statements and tax bases of assets and liabilities existing at each balance sheet date using enacted tax rates for the years in which taxes are expected to be paid or recovered.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016,2018, the Company recorded a $0.1 million provision and an $0.8 million benefit for income taxes, respectively. Comparatively, the Company recorded respective tax provisions of $1.0 million and $1.5 million respectively. Forfor the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded a provision for income taxes of $1.5 million and $1.3 million, respectively. Included in the three and six month periods for 2016 is an allocation of income from LR8 of $0.5 million due to a reduction in the warranty reserve and a $1.1 million gain from the closeout of LR8 due to the purchase of our JV partner's interest for less than its carrying value, which resulted in a provision for income taxes of $0.6 million for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2016 and did not impact our effective tax rate.2017. The Company's effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, was 36.8% and 59.7%, respectively, and 24.7% and 30.0% before discrete items. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company's effective tax rates were 39.4% and 2016 differs39.1%, respectively, and 38.0% and 38.1% before discrete items. Effective tax rate before discrete items is a non-GAAP measure, please see Part I, Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Results of Operations - Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes" for a reconciliation to effective tax rate, the nearest GAAP equivalent.
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



The effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 differ from the 35% federal statutory tax raterates due to state income taxes, partially offset byestimated deduction limitations for executive compensation, and discrete items. Discrete items comprised $0.4 million of the tax benefit for the first half of 2018 and were primarily related to benefits from energy tax credits that were extended in February 2018 for 2017 closings and, to a lesser extent, an adjustment to the Company's deferred tax asset revaluation required as a result of the federal tax rate cut. The effective tax rates for the three and six months June 30, 2017 differ from the federal statutory tax rates due primarily to state income taxes, offset partially by the benefit from production activities.
Each quarter we assess our deferred tax asset to determine whether all or any portion of the asset is more likely than not unrealizable under ASC 740. We are required to establish a valuation allowance for any portion of the asset we conclude is more likely than not unrealizable. Our assessment considers, among other things, the nature, frequency and severity of prior cumulative losses, forecasts of future taxable income, the duration of statutory carryforward periods, our utilization experience with operating loss and tax credit carryforwards and the planning alternatives, to the extent these items are applicable.
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



The Company classifies any interest and penalties related to income taxes assessed as part of income tax expense. The Company has concluded that there were no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in its financial statements, nor has the Company been assessed interest or penalties by any major tax jurisdictions related to any open tax periods.
With the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act"), the corporate federal income tax rate dropped from a maximum of 35% to a flat 21% rate effective January 1, 2018. The SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 ("SAB 118"), which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Act and provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the Tax Act enactment date for companies to complete the accounting under ASC 740. In accordance with SAB 118, a company must reflect the income tax effects of those aspects of the Tax Act for which the accounting under ASC 740 is complete. To the extent that a company’s accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act is incomplete but it is able to determine a reasonable estimate, it must record a provisional estimate in the financial statements. If a company cannot determine a provisional estimate to be included in the financial statements, it should continue to apply ASC 740 on the basis of the provisions of the tax laws that were in effect immediately before the enactment of the Tax Act.
As of December 31, 2017, we have completed the majority of our accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Act. As a result of the rate change, the Company was required to revalue its net deferred tax asset at December 31, 2017 and recorded a provisional adjustment to reduce its value by $3.2 million. The provisional amount recorded at December 31, 2017, is subject to revisions as we complete our analysis of the Tax Act, collect and prepare necessary data, and interpret any additional guidance issued by the U.S. Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service, FASB, and other standard-setting and regulatory bodies. During the 2018 first quarter the Company recorded an immaterial adjustment to the provisional amount, and our accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Act will be completed during the one-year measurement period.

14.15.    Segment Information
The Company’s operations are organized into two reportable segments: homebuilding and fee building. In determining the most appropriate reportable segments, we considered similar economic and other characteristics, including product types, average selling prices, gross margins, production processes, suppliers, subcontractors, regulatory environments, land acquisition results, and underlying demand and supply in accordance with ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting.
Our homebuilding operations acquire and develop land and construct and sell single-family attached and detached
homes. Our fee building operations build homes and manage construction related activities on behalf of third-party property
owners and our joint ventures. In addition, our Corporate operations develop and implement strategic initiatives and support our operating segments by centralizing key administrative functions such as accounting, finance and treasury, information technology, insurance and risk management, litigation, marketing and human resources. A portion of the expenses incurred by Corporate are allocated to the fee building segment primarily based on its respective percentage of revenues. The assets of our fee building segment primarily consist of cash, restricted cash and accounts receivable. The majority of our Corporate personnel and resources are primarily dedicated to activities relating to our homebuilding segment, and, therefore, the balance of any unallocated Corporate expenses and assets are included in our homebuilding segment.
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



The reportable segments follow the same accounting policies as our consolidated financial statements described in Note 1. Operational results of each reportable segment are not necessarily indicative of the results that would have been achieved had the reportable segment been an independent, stand-alone entity during the periods presented. Financial information relating to reportable segments was as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues:              
Homebuilding$96,929
 $78,836
 $166,335
 $121,139
$117,460
 $96,929
 $196,897
 $166,335
Fee building, including management fees47,181
 30,028
 102,798
 72,965
38,095
 47,181
 81,889
 102,798
Total$144,110
 $108,864
 $269,133
 $194,104
$155,555
 $144,110
 $278,786
 $269,133
              
Income (loss) before income taxes:       
Pretax income (loss):       
Homebuilding$1,223
 $2,228
 $892
 $(906)$(875) $1,223
 $(3,481) $892
Fee building, including management fees1,282
 1,711
 2,973
 3,734
1,057
 1,282
 2,152
 2,973
Total$2,505
 $3,939
 $3,865
 $2,828
$182
 $2,505
 $(1,329) $3,865
June 30, December 31,June 30, December 31,
2017 20162018 2017
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Assets:      
Homebuilding$605,358
 $393,095
$652,444
 $631,087
Fee building14,252
 26,041
13,566
 13,425
Total$619,610
 $419,136
$666,010
 $644,512
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS




15.16.    Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information

The following table presents certain supplemental cash flow information:

Six Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 20162018 2017
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information      
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized$
 $
$
 $
Income taxes paid$8,750
 $8,150
$7,000
 $8,750
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash transactions      
Assets assumed from unconsolidated joint ventures$100
 $46,811
$
 $100
Liabilities and equity assumed from unconsolidated joint ventures$1,095
 $47,197
$
 $1,095
Contribution of real estate to unconsolidated joint ventures$1,013
 $
$
 $1,013

THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



16.17.     Supplemental Guarantor Information

The Company's 7.25% Senior Notes due 2022 (the "Notes") are guaranteed, on an unsecured basis, jointly and severally, by all of the Company's 100% owned subsidiaries (collectively, the "Guarantors"). The guarantees are full and unconditional. The Indenture governing the Notes provides that the guarantees of a Guarantor will be automatically and unconditionally released and discharged: (1) upon any sale, transfer, exchange or other disposition (by merger, consolidation or otherwise) of all of the equity interests of such Guarantor after which the applicable Guarantor is no longer a “Restricted Subsidiary”"Restricted Subsidiary" (as defined in the Indenture), which sale, transfer, exchange or other disposition is made in compliance with applicable provisions of the Indenture; (2) upon the proper designation of such Guarantor as an “Unrestricted Subsidiary”"Unrestricted Subsidiary" (as defined in the Indenture), in accordance with the Indenture; (3) upon request of the Company and certification in an officers’ certificate provided to the trustee that the applicable Guarantor has become an "Immaterial Subsidiary" (as defined in the indenture), so long as such Guarantor would not otherwise be required to provide a guarantee pursuant to the Indenture; provided that, if immediately after giving effect to such release the consolidated tangible assets of all Immaterial Subsidiaries that are not Guarantors would exceed 5.0% of consolidated tangible assets, no such release shall occur, (4) if the Company exercises its legal defeasance option or covenant defeasance option under the Indenture or if the obligations of the Company and the Guarantors are discharged in compliance with applicable provisions of the Indenture, upon such exercise or discharge; (5) unless a default has occurred and is continuing, upon the release or discharge of such Guarantor from its guarantee of any indebtedness for borrowed money of the Company and the Guarantors so long as such Guarantor would not then otherwise be required to provide a guarantee pursuant to the Indenture; or (6) upon the full satisfaction of the Company’s obligations under the Indenture; provided that in each case if such Guarantor has incurred any indebtedness in reliance on its status as a Guarantor in compliance with applicable provisions of the Indenture, such Guarantor’s obligations under such indebtedness, as the case may be, so incurred are satisfied in full and discharged or are otherwise permitted to be incurred by a Restricted Subsidiary (other than a Guarantor) in compliance with applicable provisions of the Indenture. The Company has determined that separate, full financial statements of the Guarantors would not be material to investors and, accordingly, supplemental financial information for the guarantors is presented.

As the guarantees were made in connection with the first and second quarter 2017 private offering of notes, the Guarantors’ condensed financial information is presented as if the guarantees existed during the period presented. If any subsidiaries are released from the guarantees in future periods, the changes are reflected prospectively.


THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEETS
June 30, 2017June 30, 2018
NWHM Inc. Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHMNWHM Inc. Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHM
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Assets                  
Cash and cash equivalents$120,557
 $33,180
 $222
 $
 $153,959
$38,449
 $52,126
 $183
 $
 $90,758
Restricted cash
 88
 
 
 88

 567
 
 
 567
Contracts and accounts receivable14
 19,667
 7
 (1,367) 18,321
12
 21,670
 
 (1,312) 20,370
Intercompany receivables91,737
 
 
 (91,737) 
158,687
 
 
 (158,687) 
Due from affiliates
 2,062
 
 
 2,062

 212
 
 
 212
Real estate inventories
 365,400
 
 
 365,400

 469,738
 
 
 469,738
Investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures
 55,864
 
 
 55,864

 58,501
 
 
 58,501
Investment in subsidiaries345,376
 
 
 (345,376) 
406,812
 
 
 (406,812) 
Other assets15,836
 8,080
 
 
 23,916
17,030
 8,849
 
 (15) 25,864
Total assets$573,520
 $484,341
 $229
 $(438,480) $619,610
$620,990
 $611,663
 $183
 $(566,826) $666,010
                  
Liabilities and equity                  
Accounts payable$110
 $34,105
 $
 $
 $34,215
$68
 $28,897
 $13
 $
 $28,978
Accrued expenses and other liabilities7,579
 13,126
 126
 (1,358) 19,473
7,765
 17,255
 91
 (1,315) 23,796
Intercompany payables
 91,737
 
 (91,737) 

 158,687
 
 (158,687) 
Due to affiliates
 9
 
 (9) 

 12
 
 (12) 
Unsecured revolving credit facility35,000
 
 
 
 35,000
Senior notes, net318,121
 
 
 
 318,121
319,402
 
 
 
 319,402
Total liabilities325,810
 138,977
 126
 (93,104) 371,809
362,235
 204,851
 104
 (160,014) 407,176
Stockholders' equity247,710
 345,364
 12
 (345,376) 247,710
258,755
 406,812
 
 (406,812) 258,755
Noncontrolling interest
 
 91
 
 91
Non-controlling interest in subsidiary
 
 79
 
 79
Total equity247,710
 345,364
 103
 (345,376) 247,801
258,755
 406,812
 79
 (406,812) 258,834
Total liabilities and equity$573,520
 $484,341
 $229
 $(438,480) $619,610
$620,990
 $611,663
 $183
 $(566,826) $666,010

 December 31, 2016
 NWHM Inc. Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHM
 (Dollars in thousands)
Assets         
Cash and cash equivalents$16,385
 $13,842
 $269
 $
 $30,496
Restricted cash
 585
 
 
 585
Contracts and accounts receivable30
 29,774
 
 (1,971) 27,833
Intercompany receivables73,972
 
 
 (73,972) 
Due from affiliates
 1,138
 
 
 1,138
Real estate inventories
 286,928
 
 
 286,928
Investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures
 50,857
 
 
 50,857
Investment in subsidiaries268,411
 
 
 (268,411) 
Other assets9,381
 11,918
 
 
 21,299
Total assets$368,179
 $395,042
 $269
 $(344,354) $419,136
          
Liabilities and equity         
Accounts payable$167
 $32,900
 $27
 $
 $33,094
Accrued expenses and other liabilities5,489
 19,763
 108
 (1,942) 23,418
Intercompany payables
 73,972
 
 (73,972) 
Due to affiliates
 29
 
 (29) 
Unsecured revolving credit facility118,000
 
 
 
 118,000
Total liabilities123,656
 126,664
 135
 (75,943) 174,512
Stockholders' equity244,523
 268,378
 33
 (268,411) 244,523
Noncontrolling interest
 
 101
 
 101
Total equity244,523
 268,378
 $134
 (268,411) 244,624
Total liabilities and equity$368,179
 $395,042
 $269
 $(344,354) $419,136


THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
 Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
 NWHM Inc. Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHM
 (Dollars in thousands)
Revenues:         
Home sales$
 $96,929
 $
 $
 $96,929
Fee Building
 47,181
 
 
 47,181
 
 144,110
 
 
 144,110
Cost of Sales:         
Home sales
 82,488
 
 
 82,488
Home sales impairment
 1,300
 
 
 1,300
Fee building595
 45,304
 
 
 45,899
 595
 129,092
 
 
 129,687
          
Gross Margin:         
Home sales
 13,141
 
 
 13,141
Fee building(595) 1,877
 
 
 1,282
 (595) 15,018
 
 
 14,423
Selling and marketing expenses
 (6,376) 
 
 (6,376)
General and administrative expenses(375) (5,220) 
 
 (5,595)
Equity in net income of unconsolidated joint ventures
 201
 
 
 201
Equity in net income of subsidiaries2,022
 
 
 (2,022) 
Other income (expense), net26
 (174) 
 
 (148)
Income before income taxes1,078
 3,449
 
 (2,022) 2,505
Benefit (provision) for income taxes439
 (1,427) 
 
 (988)
Net income1,517
 2,022
 
 (2,022) 1,517
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$1,517
 $2,022
 $
 $(2,022) $1,517
 Three Months Ended June 30, 2016
 NWHM Inc. Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHM
 (Dollars in thousands)
Revenues:         
Home sales$
 $77,486
 $1,350
 $
 $78,836
Fee Building
 30,068
 
 (40) 30,028
 
 107,554
 1,350
 (40) 108,864
Cost of Sales:         
Home sales
 68,152
 1,238
 
 69,390
Fee building496
 27,821
 
 
 28,317
 496
 95,973
 1,238
 
 97,707
          
Gross Margin:         
Home sales
 9,334
 112
 
 9,446
Fee building(496) 2,247
 
 (40) 1,711
 (496) 11,581
 112
 (40) 11,157
Selling and marketing expenses
 (4,820) (226) 
 (5,046)
General and administrative expenses(3,283) (2,550) 
 
 (5,833)
Equity in net income of unconsolidated joint ventures
 3,947
 
 
 3,947
Equity in net income of subsidiaries4,843
 
 
 (4,843) 
Other income (expense), net(57) (229) (40) 40
 (286)
Income (loss) before income taxes1,007
 7,929
 (154) (4,843) 3,939
Benefit (provision) for income taxes1,502
 (2,997) 
 
 (1,495)
Net income (loss)2,509
 4,932
 (154) (4,843) 2,444
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
 
 65
 
 65
Net income (loss) attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$2,509
 $4,932
 $(89) $(4,843) $2,509
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



 Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
 NWHM Inc. Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHM
 (Dollars in thousands)
Revenues:         
Home sales$
 $166,335
 $
 $
 $166,335
Fee Building
 102,798
 
 
 102,798
 
 269,133
 
 
 269,133
Cost of Sales:         
Home sales
 142,522
 31
 
 142,553
Home sales impairment
 1,300
 
 
 1,300
Fee building1,085
 98,740
 
 
 99,825
 1,085
 242,562
 31
 
 243,678
          
Gross Margin:         
Home sales
 22,513
 (31) 
 22,482
Fee building(1,085) 4,058
 
 
 2,973
 (1,085) 26,571
 (31) 
 25,455
Selling and marketing expenses
 (11,377) 
 
 (11,377)
General and administrative expenses(1,154) (9,531) 
 
 (10,685)
Equity in net income of unconsolidated joint ventures
 507
 
 
 507
Equity in net income of subsidiaries3,694
 
 
 (3,694) 
Other income (expense), net44
 (79) 
 
 (35)
Income (loss) before income taxes1,499
 6,091
 (31) (3,694) 3,865
Benefit (provision) for income taxes864
 (2,376) 
 
 (1,512)
Net income (loss)2,363
 3,715
 (31) (3,694) 2,353
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
 
 10
 
 10
Net income (loss) attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$2,363
 $3,715
 $(21) $(3,694) $2,363
 December 31, 2017
 NWHM Inc. Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHM
 (Dollars in thousands)
Assets         
Cash and cash equivalents$99,586
 $23,772
 $188
 $
 $123,546
Restricted cash
 424
 
 
 424
Contracts and accounts receivable10
 24,238
 
 (1,024) 23,224
Intercompany receivables129,414
 
 
 (129,414) 
Due from affiliates
 1,060
 
 
 1,060
Real estate inventories
 416,143
 
 
 416,143
Investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures
 55,824
 
 
 55,824
Investment in subsidiaries356,443
 
 
 (356,443) 
Other assets8,464
 15,827
 
 
 24,291
Total assets$593,917
 $537,288
 $188
 $(486,881) $644,512
          
Liabilities and equity         
Accounts payable$237
 $23,479
 $6
 $
 $23,722
Accrued expenses and other liabilities11,034
 27,954
 80
 (1,014) 38,054
Intercompany payables
 129,414
 
 (129,414) 
Due to affiliates
 10
 
 (10) 
Senior notes, net318,656
 
 
 
 318,656
Total liabilities329,927
 180,857
 86
 (130,438) 380,432
Stockholders' equity263,990
 356,431
 12
 (356,443) 263,990
Non-controlling interest in subsidiary
 
 90
 
 90
Total equity263,990
 356,431
 $102
 (356,443) 264,080
Total liabilities and equity$593,917
 $537,288
 $188
 $(486,881) $644,512

SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
 Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
 NWHM Inc. Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHM
 (Dollars in thousands)
Revenues:         
Home sales$
 $117,460
 $
 $
 $117,460
Fee building
 38,095
 
 
 38,095
 
 155,555
 
 
 155,555
Cost of Sales:         
Home sales
 102,680
 (2) 
 102,678
Fee building
 37,038
 
 
 37,038
 
 139,718
 (2) 
 139,716
          
Gross Margin:         
Home sales
 14,780
 2
 
 14,782
Fee building
 1,057
 
 
 1,057
 
 15,837
 2
 
 15,839
Selling and marketing expenses
 (9,466) 
 
 (9,466)
General and administrative expenses305
 (6,281) (3) 
 (5,979)
Equity in net loss of unconsolidated joint ventures
 (120) 
 
 (120)
Equity in net loss of subsidiaries(58) 
 
 58
 
Other income (expense), net(35) (57) 
 
 (92)
Pretax income (loss)212
 (87) (1) 58
 182
(Provision) benefit for income taxes(97) 30
 
 
 (67)
Net income (loss)115
 (57) (1) 58
 115
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in subsidiary
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$115
 $(57) $(1) $58
 $115
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



Six Months Ended June 30, 2016Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
NWHM Inc. Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHMNWHM Inc. Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHM
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues:                  
Home sales$
 $115,982
 $5,157
 $
 $121,139
$
 $96,929
 $
 $
 $96,929
Fee Building
 73,120
 
 (155) 72,965
Fee building
 47,181
 
 
 47,181

 189,102
 5,157
 (155) 194,104

 144,110
 
 
 144,110
Cost of Sales:                  
Home sales
 101,422
 4,638
 
 106,060

 82,488
 
 
 82,488
Home sales impairments
 1,300
 
 
 1,300
Fee building966
 68,265
 
 
 69,231
595
 45,304
 
 
 45,899
966
 169,687
 4,638
 
 175,291
595
 129,092
 
 
 129,687
                  
Gross Margin:                  
Home sales
 14,560
 519
 
 15,079

 13,141
 
 
 13,141
Fee building(966) 4,855
 
 (155) 3,734
(595) 1,877
 
 
 1,282
(966) 19,415
 519
 (155) 18,813
(595) 15,018
 
 
 14,423
Selling and marketing expenses
 (7,838) (684) 
 (8,522)
 (6,376) 
 
 (6,376)
General and administrative expenses(6,466) (4,542) 
 
 (11,008)(375) (5,220) 
 
 (5,595)
Equity in net income of unconsolidated joint ventures
 3,940
 
 
 3,940

 201
 
 
 201
Equity in net income of subsidiaries6,448
 
 
 (6,448) 
2,022
 
 
 (2,022) 
Other income (expense), net(39) (369) (142) 155
 (395)26
 (174) 
 
 (148)
Income (loss) before income taxes(1,023) 10,606
 (307) (6,448) 2,828
Pretax income (loss)1,078
 3,449
 
 (2,022) 2,505
Benefit (provision) for income taxes2,718
 (3,971) 
 
 (1,253)439
 (1,427) 
 
 (988)
Net income (loss)1,695
 6,635
 (307) (6,448) 1,575
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
 
 120
 
 120
Net income (loss) attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$1,695
 $6,635
 $(187) $(6,448) $1,695
Net income1,517
 2,022
 
 (2,022) 1,517
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in subsidiary
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$1,517
 $2,022
 $
 $(2,022) $1,517
 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 NWHM Inc. Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHM
 (Dollars in thousands)
Revenues:         
Home sales$
 $196,897
 $
 $
 $196,897
Fee building
 81,889
 
 
 81,889
 
 278,786
 
 
 278,786
Cost of Sales:         
Home sales
 172,350
 22
 
 172,372
Fee building
 79,737
 
 
 79,737
 
 252,087
 22
 
 252,109
          
Gross Margin:         
Home sales
 24,547
 (22) 
 24,525
Fee building
 2,152
 
 
 2,152
 
 26,699
 (22) 
 26,677
Selling and marketing expenses
 (16,105) 
 
 (16,105)
General and administrative expenses(801) (11,194) (3) 
 (11,998)
Equity in net income of unconsolidated joint ventures
 215
 
 
 215
Equity in net loss of subsidiaries(176) 
 
 176
 
Other income (expense), net76
 (194) 
 
 (118)
Pretax income (loss)(901) (579) (25) 176
 (1,329)
Benefit for income taxes376
 417
 
 
 793
Net income (loss)(525) (162) (25) 176
 (536)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in subsidiary
 
 11
 
 11
Net income (loss) attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$(525) $(162) $(14) $176
 $(525)
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



 Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
 NWHM Inc. Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHM
 (Dollars in thousands)
Revenues:         
Home sales$
 $166,335
 $
 $
 $166,335
Fee building
 102,798
 
 
 102,798
 
 269,133
 
 
 269,133
Cost of Sales:         
Home sales
 142,522
 31
 
 142,553
Home sales impairments
 1,300
 
 
 1,300
Fee building1,085
 98,740
 
 
 99,825
 1,085
 242,562
 31
 
 243,678
          
Gross Margin:         
Home sales
 22,513
 (31) 
 22,482
Fee building(1,085) 4,058
 
 
 2,973
 (1,085) 26,571
 (31) 
 25,455
Selling and marketing expenses
 (11,377) 
 
 (11,377)
General and administrative expenses(1,154) (9,531) 
 
 (10,685)
Equity in net income of unconsolidated joint ventures
 507
 
 
 507
Equity in net income of subsidiaries3,694
 
 
 (3,694) 
Other income (expense), net44
 (79) 
 
 (35)
Pretax income (loss)1,499
 6,091
 (31) (3,694) 3,865
Benefit (provision) for income taxes864
 (2,376) 
 
 (1,512)
Net income (loss)2,363
 3,715
 (31) (3,694) 2,353
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in subsidiary
 
 10
 
 10
Net income (loss) attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$2,363
 $3,715
 $(21) $(3,694) $2,363
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
 NWHM Inc. Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHM
 (Dollars in thousands)
Net cash used in operating activities$(21,176) $(49,302) $(47) $(886) $(71,411)
Investing activities:         
Purchases of property and equipment(40) (55) 
 
 (95)
Cash assumed from joint venture at consolidation
 995
 
 
 995
Contributions and advances to unconsolidated joint venture
 (8,517) 
 
 (8,517)
Contributions to subsidiaries from corporate(94,035) 
 
 94,035
 
Distributions of capital from subsidiaries19,880
 
 
 (19,880) 
Distributions of capital from unconsolidated joint ventures
 2,948
 
 
 2,948
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities$(74,195) $(4,629) $
 $74,155
 $(4,669)
Financing activities:         
Proceeds from senior notes324,465
 
 
 
 324,465
Borrowings from credit facility72,000
 
 
 
 72,000
Repayments of credit facility(190,000) 
 
 
 (190,000)
Payment of debt issuance costs(6,440) 
 
 
 (6,440)
Contributions to subsidiaries from corporate
 94,035
 
 (94,035) 
Distributions to corporate from subsidiaries
 (20,766) 
 20,766
 
Minimum tax withholding paid on behalf of employees for stock awards(584) 
 
 
 (584)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options102
 
 
 
 102
Net cash provided by financing activities$199,543
 $73,269
 $
 $(73,269) $199,543
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents104,172
 19,338
 (47) 
 123,463
Cash and cash equivalents – beginning of period16,385
 13,842
 269
 
 30,496
Cash and cash equivalents – end of period$120,557
 $33,180
 $222
 $
 $153,959
 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 NWHM Inc. Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHM
 (Dollars in thousands)
Net cash used in operating activities$(39,156) $(22,349) $(5) $
 $(61,510)
Investing activities:         
Purchases of property and equipment(22) (162) 
 
 (184)
Contributions and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures
 (8,954) 
 
 (8,954)
Contributions to subsidiaries from corporate(103,885) 
 
 103,885
 
Distributions of capital from subsidiaries49,975
 
 
 (49,975) 
Distributions of capital and repayment of advances from unconsolidated joint ventures
 5,874
 
 
 5,874
Interest collected on advances to unconsolidated joint ventures$
 $178
 $
 $
 $178
Net cash used in investing activities$(53,932) $(3,064) $
 $53,910
 $(3,086)
Financing activities:         
Borrowings from credit facility35,000
 
 
 
 35,000
Contributions to subsidiaries from corporate
 103,885
 
 (103,885) 
Distributions to corporate from subsidiaries
 (49,975) 
 49,975
 
Repurchases of common stock(2,072) 
 
 
 (2,072)
Tax withholding paid on behalf of employees for stock awards(977) 
 
 
 (977)
Net cash provided by financing activities$31,951
 $53,910
 $
 $(53,910) $31,951
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(61,137) 28,497
 (5) 
 (32,645)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – beginning of period99,586
 24,196
 188
 
 123,970
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – end of period$38,449
 $52,693
 $183
 $
 $91,325

THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



 Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
 NWHM Inc. Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHM
 (Dollars in thousands)
Net cash used in operating activities$(22,026) $(144,949) $3,347
 $(2,071) $(165,699)
Investing activities:         
Purchases of property and equipment(156) (140) 
 
 (296)
Cash assumed from joint venture at consolidation
 2,009
 
 
 2,009
Contributions and advances to unconsolidated joint venture
 (5,656) 
 
 (5,656)
Contributions to subsidiaries from corporate(160,406) 
 
 160,406
 
Distributions of capital from subsidiaries18,929
 725
 
 (19,654) 
Distributions of capital from unconsolidated joint ventures
 7,405
 
 
 7,405
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities$(141,633) $4,343
 $
 $140,752
 $3,462
Financing activities:         
Borrowings from senior notes and credit facility175,000
 
 
 
 175,000
Repayments of credit facility(11,000) 
 
 
 (11,000)
Borrowings from other notes payable
 
 343
 
 343
Repayments of other notes payable
 (13,135) (2,501) 
 (15,636)
Payment of debt issuance costs(1,064) 
 
 
 (1,064)
Cash distributions to noncontrolling interest in subsidiary
 
 (725) 
 (725)
Contributions to subsidiaries from corporate
 160,406
 
 (160,406) 
Distributions to corporate from subsidiaries
 (21,000) (725) 21,725
 
Minimum tax withholding paid on behalf of employees for stock awards(647) 
 
 
 (647)
Excess income tax provision from stock-based compensation(97) 
 
 
 (97)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities$162,192
 $126,271
 $(3,608) $(138,681) $146,174
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents(1,467) (14,335) (261) 
 (16,063)
Cash and cash equivalents – beginning of period18,129
 27,140
 605
 
 45,874
Cash and cash equivalents – end of period$16,662
 $12,805
 $344
 $
 $29,811











 Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
 NWHM Inc. Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHM
 (Dollars in thousands)
Net cash used in operating activities$(21,176) $(49,799) $(47) $(886) $(71,908)
Investing activities:         
Purchases of property and equipment(40) (55) 
 
 (95)
Cash assumed from joint venture at consolidation
 995
 
 
 995
Contributions and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures
 (8,517) 
 
 (8,517)
Contributions to subsidiaries from corporate(94,035) 
 
 94,035
 
Distributions of capital from subsidiaries19,880
 
 
 (19,880) 
Distributions of capital and repayment of advances from unconsolidated joint ventures
 2,948
 
 
 2,948
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities$(74,195) $(4,629) $
 $74,155
 $(4,669)
Financing activities:         
Borrowings from credit facility72,000
 
 
 
 72,000
Repayments of credit facility(190,000) 
 
 
 (190,000)
Proceeds from senior notes324,465
 
 
 
 324,465
Payment of debt issuance costs(6,440) 
 
 
 (6,440)
Contributions to subsidiaries from corporate
 94,035
 
 (94,035) 
Distributions to corporate from subsidiaries
 (20,766) 
 20,766
 
Tax withholding paid on behalf of employees for stock awards(584) 
 
 
 (584)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options$102
 $
 $
 $
 102
Net cash provided by financing activities$199,543
 $73,269
 $
 $(73,269) $199,543
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash104,172
 18,841
 (47) 
 122,966
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – beginning of period16,385
 14,427
 269
 
 31,081
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – end of period$120,557
 $33,268
 $222
 $
 $154,047



Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations


CAUTIONARY NOTE CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act") and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.amended (the "Exchange Act"). All statements contained in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, our business strategy and plans, and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are frequently accompanied by words such as “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect,” “goal,” “plan”"believe," "may," "will," "estimate," "continue," "anticipate," "intend," "expect," "goal," "plan," "could," "can," "might," "should," and similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs.

These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, including those described in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors”"Risk Factors" and Part II, Item 7, “Management's"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”Operations" in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20162017 and Part I, Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and Part II, Item 1A "Risk Factors" of this quarterly report on 10-Q. The following factors, among others, may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements:
 
Risks related to our business, including among other things:
our geographic concentration primarily in California;
���the cyclical nature of the homebuilding industry which is affected by general economic real estate and other business conditions;
availability of land to acquire and our ability to acquire such land on favorable terms or at all;
shortages of or increased prices for labor, land or raw materials used in housing construction;
availability and skill of subcontractors at reasonable rates;
employment-related liabilities with respect to our contractors' employees;
the illiquid nature of real estate investments;
economic changes either nationally or in the markets in which we operate, including declines in employment, volatilitydegree and nature of mortgage interest rates and inflation;our competition;
delays in the degree and naturedevelopment of communities;
increases in our competition;cancellation rate;
a large proportion of our fee building revenue being dependent upon one customer;
delays in land development or home construction resulting from adverse weather conditions, regulatory approval delays, or other events outside our control;
defect product liability and warranty claims, including the cost and availability of insurance;
increased costs, delays in land development or home construction and reduced consumer demand resulting from adverse weather conditions or other events outside our control;
increased cost and reduced consumer demand resulting from power, water and other natural resource shortages or price increases;
because of the seasonal nature of our business, our quarterly operating results fluctuate;
we may be unable to obtain suitable bonding for the development of our housing projects;
inflation could adversely affect our business and financial results;
a major health and safety incident relating to our business could be costly in terms of potential liabilities and reputational damage;
negative publicity or poor relations with the residents of our communities could negatively impact sales, which could cause our revenues or results of operations to decline;
information systems interruption or breach in security;
we may incur a variety of costs to engage in future growth or expansion of our operations or acquisitions of businesses, and the anticipated benefits may never be realized;
a reduction in our sales absorption levels may force us to incur and absorb additional community-level costs;
future terrorist attacks against the United States or increased domestic or international instability could have an adverse effect on our operations;
Risks related to laws and regulations, including among other things:
changes in, or the failure or inability to comply with, governmental laws and regulations; including environmental laws and regulations;
mortgage financing, as well as our customer’s ability to obtain such financing, interest rate increases or changes in federal lending programs;


changes in tax laws can increase the timingafter tax cost of receiptowning a home, and further tax law changes or government fees could adversely affect demand for the homes we build, increase our costs, or negatively affect our operating results;
new and existing laws and regulations, including environmental laws and regulations, or other governmental actions may increase our expenses, limit the number of regulatory approvals andhomes that we can build or delay the openingcompletion of our projects;
the impact of recent accounting standards;legislation relating to energy and climate change could increase our costs to construct homes;
Risks related to financing and indebtedness, including among other things:
Volatilitydifficulty in obtaining sufficient capital could prevent us from acquiring land for our developments or increase costs and uncertaintydelays in the credit markets and broader financial markets;completion of our development projects;
our liquiditylevel of indebtedness may adversely affect our financial position and availability, termsprevent us from fulfilling our debt obligations, and deployment of capital;we may incur additional debt in the future;
issues concerningthe significant amount and illiquid nature of our joint venture partnerships, in which we have less than a controlling interest;
a breach of the covenants under the Indenture or any of the other agreements governing our leverage, indebtedness could result in an event of default under the Indenture or other such agreements;
potential future downgrades of our credit ratings could adversely affect our access to capital and could otherwise have a material adverse effect on us;
interest expense on debt service obligations and restrictive covenants relatedwe incur may limit our cash available to fund our operations in our current or future financing arrangements, including under our unsecured credit facility and our senior notes;growth strategies;
we may be unable to repurchase the Notes upon a change of control as required by the Indenture;
Risks related to our structureorganization and ownership of our common stock,structure, including among other things:
availability of qualified personnel and our ability to retaindependence on our key personnel;
Ourour charter and bylaws could prevent a third party from acquiring us or limit the price that investors might be willing to pay for shares of our common stock;
the obligations associated with being a public company require significant resources and management attention;
our status as an emerging growth company with a limited operating history;
Risks related to ownership of our common stock, including among other things:
the price of our common stock is subject to volatility and our trading volume is relatively low;


if securities or industry analysts do not publish, or cease publishing, research or reports about us, our business or our market, or if they change their recommendations regarding our common stock adversely, our stock price and trading volume could decline;
we do not intend to pay dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future;
certain stockholders have rights to cause our Company to undertake securities offerings;
our senior notes rank senior to our common stock upon bankruptcy or liquidation.liquidation;
certain large stockholders own a significant percentage of our shares and exert significant influence over us;
Non-U.S. holders of our common stock may be subject to United States income tax on gain realized on the sale of disposition of such shares.

Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the future events and trends discussed in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.
The forward-looking statements in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q speak only as of the date of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, and we undertake no obligation to revise or publicly release any revision to these forward-looking statements, except as required by law. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.

Non-GAAP Measures

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q includes certain non-GAAP measures, including homebuilding gross margin before impairments homebuilding(or home sales gross margin before impairments percentage, adjusted homebuilding gross margin, adjustedimpairments), homebuilding gross margin percentage before impairments, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin percentage, the ratio of Adjusted EBITDA to total interest incurred, net debt, the ratio of net debt-to-capital, adjusted homebuilding gross margin (or homebuilding gross margin before impairments and interest


in cost of sales), adjusted homebuilding gross margin percentage and effective tax rate before discrete items.  For a reconciliation of homebuilding gross margin before impairments (or home sales gross margin before impairments), homebuilding gross margin percentage before impairments, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin percentage, and the ratio of Adjusted EBITDA to total interest incurred.  For a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin percentage, the ratio of Adjusted EBITDA to total interest incurred homebuilding gross margin before impairments, and homebuilding gross margin before impairments percentage to the comparable GAAP measures please see Part I, Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Selected Financial Information." For a reconciliation of net debt and ratio of net debt-to-capital to the comparable GAAP measures, please see Part I, Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Debt-to-Capital Ratios." For a reconciliation of adjusted homebuilding gross margin (or homebuilding gross margin excluding impairments and interest in cost of sales) and adjusted homebuilding gross margin percentage to homebuilding gross margin underthe comparable GAAP measures please see Part I, Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Results of Operations - Homebuilding Gross Margin." For a reconciliation of net debt-to-capitalthe effective tax rate before discrete items to the comparable GAAP measure please see Part I, Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital ResourcesResults of Operations - Debt-to-Capital Ratios.Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes."



Selected Financial Information

Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues:              
Home sales$96,929
 $78,836
 $166,335
 $121,139
$117,460
 $96,929
 $196,897
 $166,335
Fee building, including management fees from unconsolidated joint ventures of $1,217, $2,537, $2,431 and $4,712, respectively47,181
 30,028
 102,798
 72,965
Fee building, including management fees from unconsolidated joint ventures of $672, $1,217, $1,652 and $2,431, respectively38,095
 47,181
 81,889
 102,798
144,110
 108,864
 269,133
 194,104
155,555
 144,110
 278,786
 269,133
Cost of Sales:              
Home sales82,488
 69,390
 142,553
 106,060
102,678
 82,488
 172,372
 142,553
Home sales impairments1,300
 
 1,300
 

 1,300
 
 1,300
Fee building45,899
 28,317
 99,825
 69,231
37,038
 45,899
 79,737
 99,825
129,687
 97,707
 243,678
 175,291
139,716
 129,687
 252,109
 243,678
Gross Margin:              
Home sales13,141
 9,446
 22,482
 15,079
14,782
 13,141
 24,525
 22,482
Fee building1,282
 1,711
 2,973
 3,734
1,057
 1,282
 2,152
 2,973
14,423
 11,157
 25,455
 18,813
15,839
 14,423
 26,677
 25,455
              
Home sales gross margin13.6% 12.0% 13.5% 12.4%12.6% 13.6% 12.5% 13.5%
Home sales gross margin before impairments(1)
14.9% 12.0% 14.3% 12.4%12.6% 14.9% 12.5% 14.3%
Fee building gross margin2.7% 5.7% 2.9% 5.1%2.8% 2.7% 2.6% 2.9%
              
Selling and marketing expenses(6,376) (5,046) (11,377) (8,522)(9,466) (6,376) (16,105) (11,377)
General and administrative expenses(5,595) (5,833) (10,685) (11,008)(5,979) (5,595) (11,998) (10,685)
Equity in net income of unconsolidated joint ventures201
 3,947
 507
 3,940
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures(120) 201
 215
 507
Other income (expense), net(148) (286) (35) (395)(92) (148) (118) (35)
Income before income taxes2,505
 3,939
 3,865
 2,828
Provision for income taxes(988) (1,495) (1,512) (1,253)
Net income1,517
 2,444
 2,353
 1,575
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
 65
 10
 120
Net income attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$1,517
 $2,509
 $2,363
 $1,695
Pretax income (loss)182
 2,505
 (1,329) 3,865
(Provision) benefit for income taxes(67) (988) 793
 (1,512)
Net income (loss)115
 1,517
 (536) 2,353
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest
 
 11
 10
Net income (loss) attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$115
 $1,517
 $(525) $2,363
              
Interest incurred$6,401
 $1,689
 $8,437
 $2,970
$6,612
 $6,401
 $13,328
 $8,437
Adjusted EBITDA(2)
$6,304
 $3,213
 $11,265
 $4,016
$6,564
 $6,304
 $10,127
 $11,265
Adjusted EBITDA margin percentage(2)4.4% 3.0% 4.2% 2.1%4.2% 4.4% 3.6% 4.2%
              
    
LTM(3) Ended June 30,
    
LTM(3) Ended June 30,
    2017 2016    2018 2017
Interest incurred    $12,951
 $5,766
    $26,869
 $12,951
Adjusted EBITDA(2)
    $50,393
 $37,662
    $49,007
 $50,393
Adjusted EBITDA margin percentage (2)
    6.5% 7.9%    6.4% 6.5%
Ratio of Adjusted EBITDA to total interest incurred (2)
    3.9x
 6.5x
    1.8x
 3.9x



 



(1)Home sales gross margin before impairments (also referred to as homebuilding gross margin before impairments) is a non-GAAP measure. The table below reconciles this non-GAAP financial measure to homebuilding gross margin, the nearest GAAP equivalent.
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 % 2016 % 2017 % 2016 %2018 % 2017 % 2018 % 2017 %
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Home sales revenue$96,929
 100.0% $78,836
 100.0% $166,335
 100.0% $121,139
 100.0%$117,460
 100.0% $96,929
 100.0% $196,897
 100.0% $166,335
 100.0%
Cost of home sales83,788
 86.4% 69,390
 88.0% 143,853
 86.5% 106,060
 87.6%102,678
 87.4% 83,788
 86.4% 172,372
 87.5% 143,853
 86.5%
Homebuilding gross margin13,141
 13.6% 9,446
 12.0% 22,482
 13.5% 15,079
 12.4%14,782
 12.6% 13,141
 13.6% 24,525
 12.5% 22,482
 13.5%
Add: Home sales impairments1,300
 1.3% 
 % 1,300
 0.8% 
 %
 % 1,300
 1.3% 
 % 1,300
 0.8%
Homebuilding gross margin before impairments(1)
$14,441
 14.9% $9,446
 12.0% $23,782
 14.3% $15,079
 12.4%$14,782
 12.6% $14,441
 14.9% $24,525
 12.5% $23,782
 14.3%

(2)Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin percentage and ratio of Adjusted EBITDA to total interest incurred are non-GAAP measures. Adjusted EBITDA margin percentage is calculated as a percentage of total revenue. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA, which is a non-GAAP measure, assists investors in understanding and comparing the operating characteristics of homebuilding activities by eliminating many of the differences in companies' respective capitalization, interest costs, tax position and inventory impairments. Due to the significance of the GAAP components excluded, Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered in isolation or as an alternative to net income, cash flows from operations or any other performance measure prescribed by GAAP. The table below reconciles net income (loss), calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, to Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin percentage and ratio of Adjusted EBITDA to total interest incurred.EBITDA.
Three Months Ended June 30, 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
LTM(3) Ended
 June 30,
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 
LTM(2) Ended
June 30,
2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017
(Dollars in thousands)    (Dollars in thousands)
Net income (loss)$1,517
 $2,444
 $2,353
 $1,575
 $21,704
 $18,133
$115
 $1,517
 $(536) $2,353
 $14,252
 $21,704
Add:                      
Interest amortized to cost of sales and other expense1,720
 1,063
 3,271
 1,711
 6,891
 3,827
Interest amortized to cost of sales and equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures3,768
 1,720
 6,563
 3,271
 14,349
 6,891
Provision (benefit) for income taxes988
 1,495
 1,512
 1,253
 13,283
 10,761
67
 988
 (793) 1,512
 13,085
 13,283
Depreciation and amortization113
 126
 236
 251
 496
 492
1,624
 113
 2,646
 236
 2,859
 496
Amortization of equity-based compensation695
 757
 1,306
 1,742
 3,035
 4,391
862
 695
 1,704
 1,306
 3,201
 3,035
Cash distributions of income from unconsolidated joint ventures
 1,095
 1,588
 1,095
 4,235
 12,120

 
 715
 1,588
 715
 4,235
Non-cash impairments and abandonments1,472
 180
 1,506
 329
 5,257
 521
Noncash impairments and abandonments8
 1,472
 43
 1,506
 1,120
 5,257
Less:                      
Gain from notes payable principal reduction
 
 
 
 (250) 

 
 
 
 
 (250)
Equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures(201) (3,947) (507) (3,940) (4,258) (12,583)
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures120
 (201) (215) (507) (574) (4,258)
Adjusted EBITDA$6,304
 $3,213
 $11,265
 $4,016
 $50,393
 $37,662
$6,564
 $6,304
 $10,127
 $11,265
 $49,007
 $50,393
Total Revenue$144,110
 $108,864
 $269,133
 $194,104
 $769,485
 $475,707
$155,555
 $144,110
 $278,786
 $269,133
 $760,819
 $769,485
Adjusted EBITDA margin percentage4.4% 3.0% 4.2% 2.1% 6.5% 7.9%4.2% 4.4% 3.6% 4.2% 6.4% 6.5%
Interest incurred$6,401
 $1,689
 $8,437
 $2,970
 $12,951
 $5,766
$6,612
 $6,401
 $13,328
 $8,437
 $26,869
 $12,951
Ratio of Adjusted EBITDA to total interest incurred        3.9x
 6.5x
Ratio of Adjusted LTM(3) EBITDA to total interest incurred
      

 1.8x
 3.9x

(3)"LTM" indicates amounts for the trailing 12 months.




Overview

Solid buyer demand forThe Company continued to make progress with its growth strategy to expand its offerings to include more affordably priced product and grow its community count. Net new homes continued intohome orders were up 98% during the 20172018 second quarter building onover the prior year period as a strongresult of a 100% increase in average active selling communities. Also, contributing to the order growth were three new communities that opened during the quarter including our first quarter. Consolidated revenues increased 32% year-over-yearcommunity located in the Inland Empire in Southern California, a market we expect to $144.1 million, while home salesgrow into a meaningful part of our business, and fee building revenue increased 23% and 57%, respectively. In addition, our second wholly owned operating margins improved both sequentially and year-over-year. Homebuilding gross marginArizona community located in Gilbert, AZ. Ending community count for the 20172018 second quarter increased 160 basis pointsrose 122% to 13.6%20 communities compared to nine communities a year ago. The increase in orders from our wider portfolio of communities drove a 66% increase in ending backlog units at June 30, 2018 as compared to June 30, 2017.

During the 2018 second quarter, the Company continued to see the impact of the product mix shift resulting from the Company's strategic broadening of its portfolio to include more affordably-priced product. As anticipated with this change, the average selling price of homes delivered and of homes in backlog for the 2018 second quarter declined 20% and 48%, which included a $1.3 million non-cash inventory impairment charge,respectively, from 12.0% in the prior year period. Excluding inventory impairments, our homebuilding gross margin increased 290 basis points to 14.9%*, while ourThe reduction in the average selling general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses asprice of homes delivered was more than offset by a percentage of52% increase in homes delivered, resulting in a 21% increase in home sales revenue improved 140 basis points year-over-year. Ourrevenues during the 2018 second quarter. The decline in average selling price of homes in backlog at June 30, 2018 from the product mix shift drove a 14% decrease in backlog dollar value.

As a result of these activities, the Company generated net income wasof $0.1 million, or $0.01 per diluted share, compared to net income of $1.5 million, or $0.07 per diluted share, for the 2017 second quarter versus $2.5 million, or $0.12 per diluted share, in the prior year period. The year-over-year decrease in net income was primarilylargely due to a $3.7 million reduction140 basis point increase in income from joint ventures,selling and marketing expenses as a $1.3 millionpercentage of home sales revenue, a 100 basis point decline in home sales gross margin, and a decrease in fee building revenues and joint venture management feeincome. These items were partially offset by a 21% increase in home sales revenue and a $1.3 million pretax impairment70 basis point decrease in general and administrative expenses as a percentage of homes sales revenue.
Continued investment in California and Arizona, where housing fundamentals were solid, drove wholly owned lot count up 77% year-over-year at one homebuilding community. These decreases were largely offset by the increase in our consolidated revenues and the improvements in our homebuilding gross margin before impairments* and the reduction in our SG&A expense rate as noted above.
We continued to execute on our strategy to further diversify our home offerings to include more affordable price points. As expected, our average selling price for homes delivered was $1.5 million, a reduction of 17% from the prior year period. Additionally, solid order demand boosted the dollar value of our backlog to $339.4 million, a 22% increase over the prior year second quarter, and was the highest quarter end backlog value in our history. This growth in backlog resulted from a 53% year-over-year increase in net new orders and was driven largely by a 74% improvement in our monthly sales absorption rate of 3.3 sales per community versus 1.9 in the prior year period. As a result of the strong absorption pace coupled with the timing of new community openings and project close-outs, our wholly-owned community count decreased to nine at the end of the 2017 second quarter, which was consistent with our expectations. We anticipate that our community count will expand meaningfully over the next two quarters as we anticipate opening nine new communities in the second half of 2017, six of which are expected to be priced at or below $750,000.
At the same time, the Company improved its liquidity by issuing $75 million of 7.25% senior unsecured notes due 2022 in a tack-on private offering during the 2017 second quarter. The notes were issued at a premium to yield 6.44%.June 30, 2018. The Company ended the quarter with $154$91 million in cash and cash equivalents, no$354.4 million in debt, of which $35.0 million was outstanding under its $260$200 million unsecured revolving credit facility, a debt-to-capital ratio of 56.2%57.8%, and a net debt-to-capital ratio of 39.8%50.4%*. In addition,The 2018 second quarter also marked the Company's initial repurchases of common stock under its previously announced stock repurchase plan. The Company improved its lot portfolio by growing its wholly-owned lot count by 23% to 1,821 lots,repurchased 205,240 shares of which 62% were controlled through option contracts.common stock for approximately $2.1 million, or an average price of $10.08 per share.

*Homebuilding gross margin before impairments and netNet debt-to-capital ratio areis a non-GAAP measures.measure. For a reconciliation to the appropriate GAAP measures,measure, please see Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Homebuilding Gross Margin." and
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Debt-to-Capital Ratios."



Results of Operations
Net New Home Orders
Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 Increase/(Decrease) Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 Increase/(Decrease)Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 Increase/(Decrease) Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 Increase/(Decrease)
2017 2016 Amount % 2017 2016 Amount %2018 2017 Amount % 2018 2017 Amount %
  
Net new home orders:                              
Southern California44
 39
 5
 13% 100
 66
 34
 52 %104
 44
 60
 136 % 173
 100
 73
 73%
Northern California54
 25
 29
 116% 124
 54
 70
 130 %77
 54
 23
 43 % 147
 124
 23
 19%
Total98
 64
 34
 53%
224

120
 104
 87 %
Arizona13
 
 13
 NA
 15
 
 15
 NA
Total net new home orders194
 98
 96
 98 %
335

224
 111
 50%
                              
Selling communities at end of period:Selling communities at end of period:            Selling communities at end of period:            
Southern California    

 

 6
 7
 (1) (14)%    

 

 11
 6
 5
 83%
Northern California    

 

 3
 5
 (2) (40)%    

 

 7
 3
 4
 133%
Total    

   9
 12
 (3) (25)%
Arizona        2
 
 2
 NA
Total selling communitiesTotal selling communities 

   20
 9
 11
 122%
                              
Average selling communities20
 10
 10
 100 % 19
 13
 6
 46%
Monthly sales absorption rate per community (1)
3.3
 1.9
 1.4
 74% 3.0
 1.9
 1.1
 58 %3.2
 3.3
 (0.1) (3)% 3.0
 3.0
 
 %
Cancellation rate10% 6% 4% N/A
 8% 13% (5)% N/A
6% 10% (4)% NA
 6% 8% (2)% NA
 

(1) Monthly sales absorption represents the number of net new home orders divided by the number of average selling communities for the period.

Net new home orders for the 2018 second quarter increased 98% as compared to the same period in 2017 as a result of a 100% increase in average selling communities, offset by a slight decrease in the monthly sales absorption rate. Demand was strongest in Northern California with monthly sales of 3.7 per community for the 2018 second quarter largely attributable to strong order activity in two Bay Area communities. Southern California saw an increase in its monthly absorption rate to 3.1 sales per community in the 2018 second quarter compared to 2.8 in the 2017 period. The improvement was primarily attributable to an increase in more affordable product that generally sells at a faster pace than higher-priced product. Arizona contributed 2.2 sales per month in the 2018 second quarter.

Net new home orders for the 2017 second quarter increased 53% assix months ended June 30, 2018 were up 50% compared to the same2017 period, in 2016 primarily due to anresulting largely from a 46% increase in average selling communities from 13 to 19. Buyer demand for the first half of 2018 was solid with a year-to-date monthly sales absorption rate. The improvement in absorption rate was driven by solid order activity in both Southern and Northern California. Southern California experienced monthly absorption of 2.83.0, consistent with the prior period. Monthly sales per community which represented a year-over-year increase of 33%.for the six months ended June 30, 2018 were up slightly in both Northern and Southern California experienced broad based demand over multiple communities during the 2017 second quarter which resulted in a monthlydue to strong Bay Area activity and product price diversification, respectively, offset by lower sales absorption rate of 3.9 compared to 1.8 in the prior year period. Arizona as communities ramp up starting operations.

The Company continued to experience modest cancellation rates during 2017activity with a 10% cancellation rate of 6% for the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to 10% in the prior year period, and a cancellation rate of 6% for the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to 8% for the same period in 2017. We believe our cancellation rate is one of the lower rateslowest in the industry due to many factors, including loan prequalifying buyers before ratifying sales contracts, the high level of personalized options that our homebuyers select, which we believe creates emotional attachment, and a higher proportion of affluent buyers with strong credit profiles.

Net new home orders for the six months ended June 30, 2017 were up 87% over the prior year period primarily due to a an increase in monthly absorption rates in both Southern California and Northern California. Monthly absorption for Southern California increased to 2.5 sales per community for the six months ended June 30, 2017 from 1.9 sales per community for the six months ended June 30, 2016. In Northern California, the monthly absorption rate was 3.5 for the first half of 2017 compared to 1.7 for the same period in 2016.

Backlog
As of June 30,As of June 30,
2017 2016 % Change2018 2017 % Change
Homes Dollar Value Average Price Homes Dollar Value Average Price Homes Dollar Value Average PriceHomes Dollar Value Average Price Homes Dollar Value Average Price Homes Dollar Value Average Price
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Southern California99
 $278,513
 $2,813
 89
 $249,433
 $2,803
 11% 12%  %139
 $141,718
 $1,020
 99
 $278,513
 $2,813
 40% (49)% (64)%
Northern California86
 60,899
 708
 36
 28,567
 794
 139% 113% (11)%153
 131,859
 862
 86
 60,899
 708
 78% 117 % 22 %
Arizona15
 17,354
 1,157
 
 
 
 NA
 NA
 NA
Total185
 $339,412
 $1,835
 125
 $278,000
 $2,224
 48% 22% (17)%307
 $290,931
 $948
 185
 $339,412
 $1,835
 66% (14)% (48)%

Backlog reflects the number of homes, net of cancellations, for which we have entered into a sales contractcontracts with a customer,customers, but for which we have not yet delivered the home.homes. The dollar value of backlog was up 22% year-over-year to $339.4 million primarily due to a 48% increase in the number of homes in backlog, which was partially offset by a 17% decrease in average selling price in backlog due to a product mix shift. The increase in the number of homes in backlog as of June 30, 20172018 was up 66% as compared to the prior year period primarily due to a 50% increase in net orders resulting from a higher average community count and to a lesser extent, higher beginning unit backlog at December 31, 2017. Conversely, the dollar value of backlog was largely thedown 14% year-over-year to $290.9 million primarily due to a 48% decrease in average selling price, as a result of a higher monthly sales absorption rate. increased order activity from new communities with more affordable product.

The higher dollar value andyear-over-year decline in the Company's average selling price of homes in backlog was driven primarily by the mix of homes in backlog in Southern California as we expand our product offerings to include more affordably-priced communities. The 2017 second quarter backlog included homes from two higher-priced luxury communities located in Newport Coast, CA that closed out in 2017. The decline in Southern California backlog as compared tovalue was partially offset by a 117% increase in Northern California was due to higher-priced communitiesbacklog value. Northern California backlog units and average selling prices were up year-over-year 78% and 22%, respectively, primarily resulting from our Bay Area townhome community in Milpitas that opened in the Newport Coast area2017 third quarter with average selling prices of Southern California where we have two coastal luxury communities where average home prices in backlog range from $4.7 million to $7.8approximately $1.1 million.

Lots Owned and Controlled
June 30, Increase/(Decrease)June 30, Increase/(Decrease)
2017 2016 Amount %2018 2017 Amount %
Lots Owned:              
Southern California402
 226
 176
 78 %505
 402
 103
 26%
Northern California285
 249
 36
 14 %314
 285
 29
 10%
Arizona299
 
 299
 NA
Total687
 475
 212
 45 %1,118
 687
 431
 63%
Lots Controlled: (1)
              
Southern California564
 631
 (67) (11)%807
 564
 243
 43%
Northern California303
 379
 (76) (20)%959
 303
 656
 217%
Arizona267
 
 267
 NA
343
 267
 76
 28%
Total1,134
 1,010
 124
 12 %2,109
 1,134
 975
 86%
Total Lots Owned and Controlled - Wholly Owned1,821
 1,485
 336
 23 %3,227
 1,821
 1,406
 77%
Fee Building (2)
1,043
 1,001
 42
 4 %1,078
 1,043
 35
 3%
Total Lots Owned and Controlled2,864
 2,486
 378
 15 %4,305
 2,864
 1,441
 50%
 

(1)Includes lots that we control under purchase and sale agreements or option agreements subject to customary conditions and have not yet closed. There can be no assurance that such acquisitions will occur.
(2)Lots owned by third party property owners for which we perform general contracting or construction management services.


Consistent with our focus on growing our wholly owned business, the Company increased the number of wholly owned lots owned and controlled by 23%77% year-over-year to 1,8213,227 lots, 62%65% of which were controlled through option contracts. The increase in wholly owned lots owned and controlled was primarily due to our planned expansionan increase in Arizona where we entered intolots controlled in Northern California with contracts on three land parcels which totaled 267 aggregate lots.for two new developments including multiple planning areas, one for 418 lots in Vacaville, CA and a second for 394 lots in a masterplan development in Folsom, CA.



The increase in fee building lots at June 30, 20172018 as compared to the prior year period was primarily attributable to the Company being awardednew contracts for five new fee building communities totaling 587 lots from its largest customerentered into during the 2017 second quarter. This lot increase was largely offset by the record level of fee building homes delivered during thelast twelve months ended June 30, 2017.

2018, for 704 lots, including construction management contracts the company entered into with a new customer during the 2018 second quarter totaling 165 lots across five communities, largely offset by the delivery of 669 homes to customers in the same period.

Home Sales Revenue and New Homes Delivered
Three Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 % Change2018
2017 % Change
Homes Dollar Value Average Price Homes Dollar Value Average Price Homes Dollar Value Average PriceHomes Dollar Value Average Price Homes Dollar Value Average Price Homes Dollar Value Average Price
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Southern California27
 $67,279
 $2,492
 20
 $54,900
 $2,745
 35% 23% (9)%61
 $87,278
 $1,431
 27
 $67,279
 $2,492
 126 % 30% (43)%
Northern California37
 29,650
 801
 23
 23,936
 1,041
 61% 24% (23)%36
 30,182
 838
 37
 29,650
 801
 (3)% 2% 5 %
Total64
 $96,929
 $1,515
 43
 $78,836
 $1,833
 49% 23% (17)%97
 $117,460
 $1,211
 64
 $96,929
 $1,515
 52 % 21% (20)%
                                  
Six Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 2016 % Change2018 2017 % Change
Homes Dollar Value Average Price Homes Dollar Value Average Price Homes Dollar Value Average PriceHomes Dollar Value Average Price Homes Dollar Value Average Price Homes Dollar Value Average Price
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Southern California49

$111,202
 $2,269
 31

$84,208
 $2,716
 58% 32% (16)%105

$131,858
 $1,256
 49

$111,202
 $2,269
 114 % 19% (45)%
Northern California69

55,133
 799
 40

36,931
 923
 73% 49% (13)%76

65,039
 856
 69

55,133
 799
 10 % 18% 7 %
Total118
 $166,335
 $1,410
 71
 $121,139
 $1,706
 66% 37% (17)%181
 $196,897
 $1,088
 118
 $166,335
 $1,410
 53 % 18% (23)%
New home deliveries increased 49% during52% for the 20172018 second quarter as compared to the same period in 2016.prior year period. The increase in deliveries was the result of a higher number of homes in backlog at December 31, 2016 and an increase in net new home orders during the period. Additionally, home sales revenue increased 23% duringbeginning of the 2017 second quarter as compared to the prior year period primarily due to the increase in new home deliveries, and was partially offset by a 17% decline in average sales price per delivery for the period. The year-over-year decrease in average sales price was driven by a product mix shift for both Southern California and Northern California, which is consistent with the Company's strategy to expand its product portfolio to include more affordable-priced homes. The average selling price for Southern California during the 2017 second quarter was influenced by deliveries from our higher-priced luxury product in Newport Coast, but was partially offset by two lower-priced communities in Irvine, CA. The decrease in average selling price for Northern California during the 2017 second quarter was largely due to an increase in deliveries from our lower-priced townhome community in Davis, CA.
New home deliveries increased 66% for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2016. The increase in deliveries was the result of a higher number of homes in backlog at December 31, 2016 and an increase in net new home orders during the period. Home sales revenue for the first half of 2017three months ended June 30, 2018 increased 37%21% compared to the same period in 20162017 primarily due to anthe 52% increase in new home deliveries, which was partially offset partially by a 17% decline in20% lower average sales price per delivery for the period. The year-over-year decrease in average sales price related to the strategic broadening of the Company's portfolio, particularly in Southern California, to include more affordably-priced product as well as the overall growth in community count. Additionally, the average selling price for Southern California during the 2017 second quarter was influenced by deliveries from higher-priced luxury product from two communities in Newport Coast, CA.
New home deliveries increased 53% for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017 due to a higher number of homes in backlog at December 31, 2017 and an increase in net new home orders during the 2018 six month period. Home sales revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2018 increased 18% compared to the same 2017 period primarily due to an increase in new home deliveries, which was partially offset by a 23% lower average sales price per delivery for the period. The year-over-year decrease in average sales price related to the product mix shift for both Southern California and Northern California as deliveries from lower-priced communities increased in proportion to total new home deliveries.discussed above.
Homebuilding Gross Margin
Homebuilding gross margin for the 2018 second quarter was 12.6% versus 13.6% in the prior period. The 100 basis point decline in home sales gross margin was primarily due to a product mix shift and higher interest costs. Before impairments, home sales gross margin declined 230 basis points during the second quarter of 2018 compared with the 2017 period, reflecting $1.3 million of impairment charges in the 2017 second quarter was 13.6%, which included a $1.3 million non-cash inventory impairment charge isolatedrelating to one homebuilding community in Southern California due to slow monthly sales absorption and our determination that additional incentives would be required, compared to 12.0% forno impairments in the same period2018 period. The mix shift included deliveries from three lower margin close-out communities in 2016. Homebuilding gross margin before impairments forSouthern California in the 2018 second quarter, while the 2017 second quarter was 14.9% versus 12.0%positively impacted by deliveries from two higher-margin communities in Newport Coast, CA and one community in the prior year period. The 290 basis point improvement inBay Area. Adjusted homebuilding gross margin before impairments for the 20172018 second quarter, was primarily due to a


change in product mix, including the favorable impact of higher margins from our Crystal Cove communities located in Newport Coast, CA. Excluding home salesexcluding impairments and interest in cost of home sales, was 15.8% compared to 16.7% in the adjusted homebuilding gross margin percentages for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016 were 16.7% and 13.3%, respectively.prior year period. Homebuilding gross margin before impairments and adjusted homebuilding gross margin are non-GAAP measures. See the table below reconciling these non-GAAP financial measures to homebuilding gross margin, the nearest GAAP equivalent.
Homebuilding gross margin for the six months ended June 30, 20172018 was 13.5%12.5%, which included a $1.3 million non-cash inventory impairment related to one homebuilding community in Southern California, compared to 12.4%13.5% for the prior year2017 period. Excluding the inventory impairment charge,The decrease in homebuilding gross margin before impairments forwas primarily due to changes in product mix and higher interest costs. As discussed above, during the first halfsix months of 2017, was 14.3%the Company incurred $1.3 million of impairment charges versus 12.4% forno impairment


charges during the first six months of 2018.  Before impairments, home sales gross margin declined 180 basis during the first six months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2016. The 190 basis point improvement in homebuilding gross margin before impairments was primarily due to a change in product mix.2017. Excluding home sales impairments and interest in cost of home sales, the adjusted homebuilding gross margin percentages for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 were 15.8% and June 30, 2016 were 16.3%, and 13.9%, respectively.
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 % 2016 % 2017 % 2016 %2018 % 2017 % 2018 % 2017 %
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Home sales revenue$96,929
 100.0% $78,836
 100.0% $166,335
 100.0% $121,139
 100.0%$117,460
 100.0% $96,929
 100.0% $196,897
 100.0% $166,335
 100.0%
Cost of home sales83,788
 86.4% 69,390
 88.0% 143,853
 86.5% 106,060
 87.6%102,678
 87.4% 83,788
 86.4% 172,372
 87.5% 143,853
 86.5%
Homebuilding gross margin13,141
 13.6% 9,446
 12.0% 22,482
 13.5% 15,079
 12.4%14,782
 12.6% 13,141
 13.6% 24,525
 12.5% 22,482
 13.5%
Add: Home sales impairments1,300
 1.3% 
 % 1,300
 0.8% 
 %
 % 1,300
 1.3% 
 % 1,300
 0.8%
Homebuilding gross margin before impairments(1)
14,441
 14.9% 9,446
 12.0% 23,782
 14.3% 15,079
 12.4%14,782
 12.6% 14,441
 14.9% 24,525
 12.5% 23,782
 14.3%
Add: Interest in cost of home sales1,720
 1.8% 1,063
 1.3% 3,271
 2.0% 1,711
 1.5%3,750
 3.2% 1,720
 1.8% 6,514
 3.3% 3,271
 2.0%
Adjusted homebuilding gross margin(1)
$16,161
 16.7% $10,509
 13.3% $27,053
 16.3% $16,790
 13.9%$18,532
 15.8% $16,161
 16.7% $31,039
 15.8% $27,053
 16.3%
 

(1)Homebuilding gross margin before impairments and adjusted homebuilding gross margin (or homebuilding gross margin before impairments and interest in cost of sales) are non-GAAP financial measures. We believe this information is meaningful as it isolates the impact that home sales impairments and leverage have on homebuilding gross margin and permits investors to make better comparisons with our competitors who also break out and adjust gross margins in a similar fashion.
Fee Building
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2017 % 2016 % 2017 % 2016 %2018 % 2017 % 2018 % 2017 %
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Fee building revenues$47,181
 100.0% $30,028
 100.0% $102,798
 100.0% $72,965
 100.0%$38,095
 100.0% $47,181
 100.0% $81,889
 100.0% $102,798
 100.0%
Cost of fee building45,899
 97.3% 28,317
 94.3% 99,825
 97.1% 69,231
 94.9%37,038
 97.2% 45,899
 97.3% 79,737
 97.4% 99,825
 97.1%
Fee building gross margin$1,282
 2.7% $1,711
 5.7% $2,973
 2.9% $3,734
 5.1%$1,057
 2.8% $1,282
 2.7% $2,152
 2.6% $2,973
 2.9%
Our fee building revenues include (i) billings to independent third-party land owners for general contracting services and (ii) management fees from our unconsolidated joint ventures and third-party land owners for construction and sales management services. Cost of fee building includes (i) labor, subcontractor, and other indirect construction and development costs that are reimbursable by the land owner and (ii) general and administrative, or G&A, expenses that are attributable to fee building activities and joint venture management overhead. Besides allocable G&A expenses, there are no other material costs associated with management fees from our unconsolidated joint ventures.
Billings to land owners for general contracting services are a function of construction activity and reimbursable costs are incurred as homes are started. The total billings and reimbursable costs are driven by the pace at which the land owner executes its development plan. Management fees from our unconsolidated joint ventures are collected over the project's life and increase as homes and lots are delivered. Construction and sales management fees from third-party customers are collected over the life of the contract and increase as homes are delivered.
For the three months ended June 30, 2017,2018 second quarter, fee building revenues increased 57%decreased 19% from the prior year period primarily due to an increasea decrease in costs incurred from fee building activity resulting from a higherlower number of homes under construction during the period. Included in fee building revenues for the three months ended June 30, 20172018 and 20162017 were (i) $46.0$36.7 million and $27.5$46.0 million of billings to land owners, respectively, and (ii) $1.2$1.4 million and $2.5$1.2 million of management fees from our unconsolidated joint ventures respectively. The decrease in management fees from JVs was primarily the result of fewer deliveries and lower revenues from


JV communities, which is consistent with the Company’s strategic shift to emphasize wholly owned operations.third-party land owners, respectively. Our fee building revenues have historically been concentrated with a small number of customers. For the three months ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, one customer comprised 97%95% and 92%97%, respectively, of fee building revenue, respectively.revenue.
For the three months ended June 30, 2017,The cost of fee building increased due todecreased in the increase in fee building activity,2018 second quarter compared to the same periods during 2016.period in 2017 due to the decrease in fee building activity. The amount of G&A expenses included in the cost of fee building was $1.8 million and $2.3 million for


the three months ended June 30, 2018 and $2.2 million2017, respectively. Fee building gross margin percentage increased to 2.8% for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Fee building gross margin percentage decreased to2018 from 2.7% for the three months ended June 30, 2017 from 5.7% in the prior year period. The overall decreaseperiod due to lower allocated G&A expenses partially offset by changes in certain fee building gross margins was largely duebusiness agreements from a percentage of cost fee to a decrease in management fees received from joint ventures.per-unit fixed fee arrangement.
For the six months ended June 30, 2017,2018, fee building revenues increased 41%decreased 20% from the prior year period primarily due to an increasea decrease in costs incurred from fee building activity resulting from a higherlower number of homes under construction during the period. Included in fee building revenues for the six months ended periodsJune 30, 2018 and 2017 were (i) $100.4$79.5 million and $68.3$100.4 million of billings to land owners, respectively, and (ii) $2.4 million and $4.7$2.4 million of management fees from our unconsolidated joint ventures respectively. The decrease in management fees from JVs was primarily the result of fewer deliveries and lower revenues from JV communities.third-party land owners, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, one customer comprised 98%96% and 94%98%, respectively, of fee building revenue, respectively.revenue.
For the six months ended June 30, 2017,2018, cost of fee building increaseddecreased due to the increasedecrease in fee building activity, compared to the same periodsperiod during 2016.2017. The amount of G&A expenses included in the cost of fee building was $4.6$3.4 million and $4.4$4.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, respectively. Fee building gross margin percentage decreased to 2.9%2.6% for the six months ended June 30, 20172018 from 5.1%2.9% in the prior year period. The overall decrease2017 period due lower fee revenue and a change in the fee building gross margins was largely due to a decrease in management fees received from joint ventures.business arrangements discussed above, partially offset by lower allocated G&A expenses.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
 Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 As a Percentage of Home Sales Revenue Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 As a Percentage of Home Sales Revenue
    
 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016
 (Dollars in thousands)
Selling and marketing expenses$6,376
 $5,046
 6.6% 6.4% $11,377
 $8,522
 6.8% 7.0%
General and administrative expenses (“G&A”)5,595
 5,833
 5.8% 7.4% 10,685
 11,008
 6.4% 9.1%
Total selling, marketing and G&A (“SG&A”)$11,971
 $10,879
 12.4% 13.8% $22,062
 $19,530
 13.3% 16.1%
 Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 As a Percentage of Home Sales Revenue Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 As a Percentage of Home Sales Revenue
    
 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017
 (Dollars in thousands)
Selling and marketing expenses$9,466
 $6,376
 8.0% 6.6% $16,105
 $11,377
 8.2% 6.8%
General and administrative expenses ("G&A")5,979
 5,595
 5.1% 5.8% 11,998
 10,685
 6.1% 6.4%
Total selling, marketing and G&A ("SG&A")$15,445
 $11,971
 13.1% 12.4% $28,103
 $22,062
 14.3% 13.3%
During the 20172018 second quarter, our SG&A operating leverage improved significantly, resulting inrate as a 140 basis point reduction in our SG&A expense ratio compared to the 2016 second quarter. The improvement was largely attributable to the increase inpercentage of home sales revenue whichincreased 70 basis points to 13.1%, from 12.4% for the same period in 2017. The increase was driven by anprimarily due to higher selling and marketing costs resulting from the ramp up of new communities and higher co-broker commissions. In addition, the increase also included a net $0.4 million increase in newselling and marketing expenses in the 2018 second quarter related to accounting changes from the adoption of ASC 606, the updated revenue recognition standard. Partially offsetting the increases was a 70 basis point improvement in G&A rate for the 2018 second quarter primarily attributable to increased home deliveries and lower G&A expenses.sales revenue.
For the six months ended June 30, 2017,2018, our SG&A expense ratio was 14.3% compared to 13.3%, a 280 basis point improvement from 16.1% for the same period in 2016.2017. The improvementincrease was largely attributable to the increase in home sales revenue, which was driven byhigher selling and marketing costs due to new community ramp up and an increase in new home deliveriesco-broker commissions. The impact of the adoption of ASC 606 was a net increase of $0.5 million to selling and marketing expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2018. These increases were partially offset by a lower G&A expenses.rate as a percentage of home sales revenues.
Equity in Net Income (Loss) of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
As of June 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, we had ownership interests in 10 and 12 unconsolidated joint ventures.ventures, respectively. We own interests in our unconsolidated joint ventures that generally range from 5% to 35% and these interests vary by entity.
The Company'sCompany’s share of joint venture loss was $0.1 million for the 2018 second quarter compared to its share of $0.2 million in income for the three months ended June 30, 2017 was $0.2 million as compared to $3.9 million for the same period in 2016. The decrease in the Company's share of income was largely due to the close out of an unconsolidated joint venture known as "LR8" in the 2016 second quarter, which produced an income allocation of $0.5 million prior to close out and a gain of $1.1 million due to the purchase of our joint venture partner's interest for less than its carrying value. Additionally, a reduction in joint venture revenues from decreased home deliveries and lot sales, lower gross margins from joint venture home sales and timing of recognition of income due to joint venture distribution waterfalls also contributed to the year-over-year decrease in the Company's share of joint venture income. The decrease in joint venture homes sales gross margin was primarily due to increased deliveries in the 2017 second quarter from five Sacramento communities with lower margins than the communities that were delivering in the 2016 second quarter, which included our higher-margin Orchard Park project in the Bay Area, which delivered its last home in the 2017 first quarter. The decrease in the Company's share of joint venture income was partially offset by the close out of an unconsolidated joint venture known as "Larkspur" in the 2017 secondperiod.


quarter, which produced an income allocation of $0.1 million prior to close out and a gain of $0.3 million due to the purchase of our JV partner's interest for less than its carrying value as part of a negotiated transaction. The joint venture close outs mentioned are discussed in further detail within Note 11, "Related Party Transactions," in our accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Company's share of joint venture income for the six months ended June 30, 2017 was $0.5 million as compared to $3.9 million for the same period in 2016. The decrease in the Company's share of income was largely due to the close out of the LR8 unconsolidated joint venture in the 2016 second quarter noted above. Additionally, a reduction in joint venture revenues from decreased home deliveries and lot sales, lower gross margins from joint venture home sales and timing of recognition of income due to joint venture distribution waterfalls also contributed to the year-over-year decrease in the Company's share of joint venture income. The decrease in joint venture homes sales gross margin was primarily due to a mix shift in deliveries, including deliveries in the 2017 period from five Sacramento communities with lower margins that did not have deliveries in 2016 as well as the close out of our higher-margin Orchard Park project in the Bay Area, which delivered its last home in the 2017 first quarter. The decrease in the Company's share of joint venture income was partially offset by the close out of the Larkspur unconsolidated joint venture in the 2017 second quarter, which produced an income allocation of $0.1 million prior to close out and a gain of $0.3 million due to the purchase of our JV partner's interest for less than its carrying value as part of a negotiated transaction. The joint venture close outs mentioned are discussed in further detail within Note 11, "Related Party Transactions," in our accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
The following sets forth supplemental operational and financial information about our unconsolidated joint ventures. Such information is not included in our financial data for GAAP purposes, but is recognized in our results as a component of equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures. This data is included for informational purposes only.
Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
   Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
  Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
   Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
  
 Increase/(Decrease) Increase/(Decrease) Increase/(Decrease) Increase/(Decrease)
2017 2016 Amount % 2017 2016 Amount %2018 2017 Amount % 2018 2017 Amount %
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Unconsolidated Joint Ventures          
Unconsolidated Joint Ventures - HomebuildingUnconsolidated Joint Ventures - Homebuilding          
Operational Data               
Net new home orders54
 30
 24
 80 % 93
 76
 17
 22 %42
 54
 (12) (22)% 78
 93
 (15) (16)%
New homes delivered33
 55
 (22) (40)% 65
 100
 (35) (35)%36
 33
 3
 9 % 68
 65
 3
 5 %
Average sales price of homes deliveredAverage sales price of homes delivered $914
 $859
 $55
 6 %$832
 $1,038
 $(206) (20)% $900
 $914
 $(14) (2)%
                              
Home sales revenue$34,240
 $47,698
 $(13,458) (28)% $59,386
 $85,899
 $(26,513) (31)%$29,938
 $34,240
 $(4,302) (13)% $61,178
 $59,386
 $1,792
 3 %
Land sales revenue931
 22,406
 (21,475) (96)% 2,405
 26,162
 (23,757) (91)%3,941
 931
 3,010
 323 % 4,714
 2,405
 2,309
 96 %
Total revenue$35,171
 $70,104
 $(34,933) (50)% $61,791
 $112,061
 $(50,270) (45)%$33,879
 $35,171
 $(1,292) (4)% $65,892
 $61,791
 $4,101
 7 %
Net income (loss)$(654) $10,195
 $(10,849) (106)% $(1,518) $12,336
 $(13,854) (112)%$(286) $(654) $368
 56 % $518
 $(1,518) $2,036
 134 %
                 
Selling communities at end of periodSelling communities at end of period 8
 3
 5
 167 %Selling communities at end of period 7
 8
 (1) (13)%
Backlog (dollar value)Backlog (dollar value) $70,941
 $71,970
 $(1,029) (1)%Backlog (dollar value) $70,851
 $70,941
 $(90)  %
Backlog (homes)Backlog (homes) 90
 76
 14
 18 %Backlog (homes) 90
 90
 
  %
Average sales price of backlogAverage sales price of backlog $788
 $947
 $(159) (17)%Average sales price of backlog $787
 $788
 $(1)  %
                              
Homebuilding lots owned and controlledHomebuilding lots owned and controlled 520
 610
 (90) (15)%Homebuilding lots owned and controlled 273
 520
 (247) (48)%
Land development lots owned and controlledLand development lots owned and controlled 2,415
 2,512
 (97) (4)%Land development lots owned and controlled 2,305
 2,415
 (110) (5)%
Total lots owned and controlledTotal lots owned and controlled 2,935
 3,122
 (187) (6)%Total lots owned and controlled 2,578
 2,935
 (357) (12)%

Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016,2018, the Company recorded a $0.1 million provision and an $0.8 million benefit for income taxes, respectively. Comparatively, the Company recorded respective tax provisions of $1.0 million and $1.5 million respectively. Forfor the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded a provision for income taxes of $1.5 million and $1.3 million, respectively. Included in the three and six month periods for 2016 is an allocation of income from LR8 of $0.5 million due to a reduction in the warranty reserve and a $1.1 million gain from the closeout of LR8 due to the purchase of our JV partner's interest for less than its carrying value, which resulted in a provision for income taxes of $0.6 million for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2016 and did not impact our effective tax rate.2017. The Company's effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, was 36.8% and 59.7%, respectively, and 24.7% and 30.0% before discrete items. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company's effective tax rates were 39.4% and 2016 differs39.1%, respectively, and 38.0% and 38.1% before discrete items. Effective tax rate before discrete items is a non-GAAP measure, please see the table below for a reconciliation to effective tax rate, the nearest GAAP equivalent. The year-over-year decreases of effective tax rates before discrete items for the three and six month periods were the result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("Tax Act") enacted in December 2017 that reduced the corporate federal tax rate from a maximum of 35% to a flat 21% rate, effective for 2018.
The effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 differ from the 35% federal statutory tax raterates due to state income taxes, partially offset byestimated deduction limitations for executive compensation, and discrete items. Discrete items comprised $0.4 million of the tax benefit for the first half of 2018 and were primarily related to benefits from energy tax credits that were extended in February 2018 for 2017 closings and, to a lesser extent, an adjustment to the Company's deferred tax asset revaluation required as a result of the federal tax rate cut. The effective tax rates for the three and six months June 30, 2017 differ from the federal statutory tax rates due primarily to state income taxes, offset partially by the benefit from production activities.
The Tax Act amends the Internal Revenue Code to reduce tax rates and modify policies, credits, and deductions for individuals and businesses. In accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes ("ASC 740"), the consolidated provision for income taxes is calculated using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. As a result of the reduction in the corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% under the Tax Act, the Company revalued its net deferred tax asset at December 31, 2017 and recorded a noncash, provisional charge of $3.2 million, which was included in the tax provision for fiscal 2017. The Company is currently analyzing the effects


of the Tax Act and will update this provisional rate as it completes its analysis. During the 2018 first quarter, the Company recorded an immaterial adjustment to the provisional amount and no such adjustment was made in the 2018 second quarter. Our accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Act will be completed during the one-year measurement period from the date of the Tax Act enactment, as allowed by the SEC.
    As part of the Tax Act, the Company will no longer be able to take certain tax deductions for production activities that reduced our effective tax rate in prior years. Additionally, the Company will be subject to increased deduction limitations on certain executive compensation.
 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
 (Dollars in thousands)
Effective tax rate for The New Home Company Inc.:       
Pretax income (loss)$182
 $2,505
 $(1,329) $3,865
(Provision) benefit for income taxes$(67) $(988) $793
 $(1,512)
Effective tax rate(1)
36.8% 39.4% 59.7% 39.1%
        
Effective tax rate for The New Home Company Inc. before discrete items:       
(Provision) benefit for income taxes$(67) $(988) $793
 $(1,512)
Adjustment for discrete items22
 36
 (394) 40
(Provision) benefit for income taxes before discrete items$(45) $(952) $399
 $(1,472)
Effective tax rate for The New Home Company Inc. before discrete items(1)
24.7% 38.0% 30.0% 38.1%
(1) Effective tax rate is computed by dividing the (provision) benefit for income taxes by pretax income (loss)

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
Our principal sources of capital for the six months ended June 30, 20172018 were proceeds from the sale of our senior notes due 2022, cash generated from home sales activities, advancesborrowing from our unsecured revolving credit facility, distributions from our unconsolidated joint ventures, and management fees from our fee building agreements. Our principal uses of capital for the six months ended June 30, 20172018 were land purchases, land development, home construction, repayments on our revolving credit facility, contributions and advances to our unconsolidated joint ventures, repurchases of the Company's common stock and payment of operating expenses and the payment of routine liabilities.
Cash flows for each of our communities depend on their stage in the development cycle, and can differ substantially from reported earnings. Early stages of development or expansion require significant cash outlays for land acquisitions, entitlements and other approvals, and construction of model homes, roads, utilities, general landscaping and other amenities. Because these costs are a component of our real estate inventories and not recognized in our consolidated statement of operations until a home is delivered, we incur significant cash outlays prior to our recognition of earnings. In the later stages of community development, cash inflows may significantly exceed earnings reported for financial statement purposes, as the cash outflowoutflows associated with home and land construction was previously incurred. From a liquidity standpoint, we are actively acquiring and developing lots to increase our lot supply and community count. As we continue to expand our business, we expect cash outlays for land purchases, land development and home construction to exceed our cash generated by operations.
We ended the second quarter of 20172018 with $154.0$90.8 million of cash and cash equivalents, a $123.5$32.8 million increasedecrease from December 31, 2016,2017, primarily as a resultdue to land acquisition and development and home construction costs in excess of proceeds from home sales during the issuancefirst half of our senior notes due 2022.2018. We expect to generate cash from the sale of our inventory, but intend to redeploy the net cash generated from the sale of inventory to acquire and develop strategic, well-positioned lots that represent opportunities to generate future income and cash flows.
As of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, we had $12.1$10.8 million and $22.8$11.3 million, respectively, in accounts payable that related to costs incurred under our fee building agreements. Funding to pay these amounts is the obligation of the independent third-party land owner, which is generally funded on a monthly basis. Similarly, contracts and accounts receivable and due from affiliates as of the same dates included $13.5$12.3 million and $24.3$11.6 million, respectively, related to the payment of the above payables.


We intend to utilize both debt and equity as part of our ongoing financing strategy, coupled with redeployment of cash flows from continuing operations, to provide us with the financial flexibility to operate our business. In that regard, we expect to employ prudent levels of leverage to finance the acquisition and development of our lots and construction of our homes. As of June 30, 2017,2018, we had outstanding borrowings of $325 million in aggregate principal related to our senior notes.notes and $35 million under our credit facility. We will consider a number of factors when evaluating our level of indebtedness and when making decisions regarding the incurrence of new indebtedness, including the purchase price of assets to be acquired with debt financing, the estimated market value of our assets and the ability of particular assets, and our company as a whole, to generate cash flow to cover the expected debt service. In addition, our debt contains certain financial covenants that limits the amount of leverage we can maintain.
We intend to finance future acquisitions and developments with what we believe to be the most advantageous source of capital available to us at the time of the transaction, which may include unsecured corporate level debt, property-level debt, and other public, private or bank debt, or common and preferred equity. Additionally, we have an existing effective shelf registration statement that allows us to issue equity, debt or hybrid securities up to $349.7 million as of June 30, 2017.
Senior Notes Due 2022
On March 17, 2017, the Company completed the sale of $250 million in aggregate principal amount of 7.25% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2022 (the "Existing Notes"), in a private placement. The Notes were issued at an offering price of 98.961% of their face amount, which represents a yield to maturity of 7.50%. On May 4, 2017, the Company completed a tack-on private placement offering through the sale of an additional $75 million in aggregate principal amount of the 7.25% Senior Notes due 2022 ("Additional Notes"). The Additional Notes were issued at an offering price of 102.75% of their face amount plus accrued interest since March 17, 2017, which represented a yield to maturity of 6.438%. Net proceeds from the Existing Notes were used to repay all borrowings outstanding under the Company’s senior unsecured revolving credit facility with the remainder to be used for general corporate purposes. Net proceeds from the Additional Notes will bewere used for working capital, land acquisition and general corporate purposes. Interest on the Existing Notes and the Additional Notes (collectively,(together, the “Notes”"Notes") will be paidis payable semiannually in arrears on April 1 and October 1, commencing October 1, 2017.1. The Notes will mature on April 1, 2022.


The Notes were exchanged in an exchange offer for Notes that are identical to the original Notes, except that they are registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and are freely tradeable in accordance with applicable law.
The Notes contain certain restrictive covenants, including a limitation on additional indebtedness and a limitation on restricted payments. Restricted payments include, among other things, dividends, investments in unconsolidated entities, and stock repurchases. Under the limitation on additional indebtedness, we are permitted to incur specified categories of indebtedness but are prohibited, aside from those exceptions, from incurring further indebtedness if we do not satisfy either a leverage condition or an interest coverage condition. The leverage and interest coverage conditions are summarized in the table below, as described and defined further in the indenture for the Notes. Exceptions to the additional indebtedness limitation include, among other things, borrowings of up to $260 million under existing or future bank credit facilities, non-recourse indebtedness, and indebtedness incurred for the purpose of refinancing or repaying certain existing indebtedness. Under the limitation on restricted payments, we are also prohibited from making restricted payments, aside from certain exceptions, if we do not satisfy either condition. In addition, the amount of restricted payments that we can make is subject to an overall basket limitation, which builds based on, among other things, 50% of consolidated net income from January 1, 2017 and 100% of the net cash proceeds from qualified equity offerings. Exceptions to the foregoing limitations on our ability to make restricted payments include, among other things, investments in joint ventures and other investments up to 15% of our consolidated tangible net assets and a general basket of $15,000,000.$15 million. The Notes are guaranteed by all of the Company's 100% owned subsidiaries, for more information about these guarantees, please see Note 16.17 of the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
 June 30, 20172018
Financial ConditionsActual Requirement
  
Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio: EBITDA to Consolidated Interest IncurredIncurred; or3.91.8
 > 2.0 : 1.0
Leverage Ratio: Indebtedness to Tangible Net Worth1.291.37
 < 2.25 : 1.0
As of June 30, 2017,2018, we were able to satisfy both the leverage condition and the interest coverage condition. The foregoing conditions are further defined and described in the indenture for the Notes.
Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility
We have a seniorThe Company's unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”("Credit Facility") is with a bank group with totaland matures on September 1, 2020. Total commitments of $260under the Credit Facility are $200 million andwith an accordion feature that allows the facility size thereunder to be increased up to an aggregate of $350$300 million, subject to certain conditions, including the availability of bank commitments, and a maturity date of April 30, 2019. A portion of the net proceeds from the sale of our senior notes due 2022 was used to repay the outstanding balance of the Credit Facility, and ascommitments.


As of June 30, 20172018, we had $35 million outstanding borrowings under the balance was zero. We may repay advances at any time without premium or penalty.Credit Facility. Interest is payable monthly and is charged at a rate of 1-month LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 2.25% to 3.00% depending on the Company’s leverage ratio as calculated at the end of each fiscal quarter. As of June 30, 2017,2018, the interest rate under the facility was 3.72%.
Under our Credit Facility we arewas 4.84%. Pursuant to the Credit Facility, the Company is required to comply withmaintain certain financial covenants as defined in the Credit Facility, including, but not limited to, those summarizedlisted in the table below, and as described and defined further in the Credit Facility:following table.
June 30, 2017June 30, 2018 
Financial CovenantsActual 
Covenant
Requirement
Actual 
Covenant
Requirement
 
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands) 
Unencumbered Liquid Assets$153,959
 $8,239
Unencumbered Liquid Assets (Minimum Liquidity Covenant)$90,758
 $10,000
(1) 
EBITDA to Interest Incurred(2)3.9
 > 1.5 : 1.0
1.82
 > 1.75 : 1.0
 
Tangible Net Worth$247,710
 $176,341
$258,755
 $187,395
 
Leverage Ratio42% < 65%
51% < 65%
 
Adjusted Leverage Ratio (1)(3)
33% < 50%
NA
 NA
 
 

(1)    Adjusted Leverage Ratio is computed as total joint venture debt divided by total joint venture equity.
(1)So long as the Company is in compliance with the interest coverage test, the minimum unencumbered liquid assets that the Company must maintain as of the quarter end measurement date is $10 million. If the Company is not in compliance with the interest coverage test, the minimum liquidity requirement as of each quarter end measurement date is not less than the trailing 12 month consolidated interest incurred. As of June 30, 2018, the trailing 12 month consolidated interest incurred totaled $26.9 million.
(2)If the test is not met, it will not be considered an event of default so long as the Company maintains unrestricted cash equal to not less than the trailing 12 month consolidated interest incurred.
(3)Adjusted Leverage Ratio is computed as total joint venture debt divided by total joint venture equity. The Adjusted Leverage Ratio requirement ceases to apply as of and after the fiscal quarter in which consolidated tangible net worth is at least $250 million. During any period when the Adjusted Leverage Ratio ceases to apply, consolidated tangible net worth shall be reduced by an adjustment equal to the aggregate amount of investments in and advance to unconsolidated joint ventures that exceed 35% of consolidated tangible net worth as calculated without giving effect to this adjustment (the "Adjustment Amount"). As of September 30, 2017, the Company's consolidated tangible net worth exceeded $250 million and therefore the Adjusted Leverage Ratio ceased to apply. In addition, the Adjustment Amount was considered in the calculation of consolidated tangible net worth.
As of June 30, 2017,2018, we were in compliance with all financial covenants under our Credit Facility.
Stock Repurchase Program
On May 10, 2018, our board of directors approved a stock repurchase program (the "Repurchase Program") authorizing the repurchase of the Company's common stock with an aggregate value of up to $15 million. Repurchases of the Company's common stock may be made in open-market transactions, effected through a broker-dealer at prevailing market prices, in privately negotiated transactions, in block trades or by other means in accordance with federal securities laws, including pursuant to any trading plan that may be adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The Repurchase Program does not obligate the Company to repurchase any particular amount or number of shares of common stock, and it may be modified, suspended or discontinued at any time. The timing and amount of repurchases are determined by the Company’s management at its discretion and be based on a variety of factors, such as the market price of the Company’s common stock, corporate and contractual requirements, general market and economic conditions and legal requirements. As of June 30, 2018, the Company had repurchased and retired 205,240 shares totaling $2.1 million and had remaining authorization to purchase $12.9 million of common shares.



Debt-to-Capital Ratios
We believe that debt-to-capital ratios provide useful information to the users of our financial statements regarding our financial position and leverage. Net debt-to-capital ratio is a non-GAAP financial measure. See the table below reconciling this non-GAAP measure to debt-to-capital ratio, the nearest GAAP equivalent.
June 30, December 31,June 30, December 31,
2017 20162018 2017
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Total debt, net$318,121
 $118,000
$354,402
 $318,656
Equity, exclusive of noncontrolling interest247,710
 244,523
Equity, exclusive of non-controlling interest258,755
 263,990
Total capital$565,831
 $362,523
$613,157
 $582,646
Ratio of debt-to-capital (1)
56.2% 32.5%57.8% 54.7%
      
Total debt, net$318,121
 $118,000
$354,402
 $318,656
Less: cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash154,047
 31,081
91,325
 123,970
Net debt164,074
 86,919
263,077
 194,686
Equity, exclusive of noncontrolling interest247,710
 244,523
Equity, exclusive of non-controlling interest258,755
 263,990
Total capital$411,784
 $331,442
$521,832
 $458,676
Ratio of net debt-to-capital (2)
39.8% 26.2%50.4% 42.4%
 

(1)
The ratio of debt-to-capital is computed as the quotient obtained by dividing total debt, net by thetotal capital (the sum of total debt, net plus equity,equity), exclusive of noncontrollingnon-controlling interest.  
(2)
The ratio of net debt-to-capital is computed as the quotient obtained by dividing net debt (which is total debt, net less cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to the extent necessary to reduce the debt balance to zero) by total capital, exclusive of noncontrollingnon-controlling interest. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is the ratio of debt-to-capital. We believe the ratio of net debt-to-capital is a relevant financial measure for investors to understand the leverage employed in our operations and as an indicator of our ability to obtain financing. We believe that by deducting our cash from our debt, we provide a measure of our indebtedness that takes into account our cash liquidity. We believe this provides useful information as the ratio of debt-to-capital does not take into account our liquidity and we believe that the ratio net of cash provides supplemental information by which our financial position may be considered. Investors may also find this to be helpful when comparing our leverage to the leverage of our competitors that present similar information. See the table above reconciling this non-GAAP financial measure to the ratio of debt-to-capital.  

Cash Flows — Six Months Ended June 30, 20172018 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 20162017
For the six months ended June 30, 20172018 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 20162017, the comparison of cash flows is as follows:
Net cash used in operating activities was $71.4$61.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 20172018 versus $165.7$71.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016.2017. The year-over-year change was primarily a result of a net decrease in cash outflows foroutflow related to real estate inventories to $53.1 million for the first half of 2018 compared to $74.4 million infor the 2017 period compared to $164.5 million inperiod. Partially offsetting the 2016 period. While land deposit and land acquisition spend decreased, the Company continued to make significant investments inpositive impact from real estate inventories aswas a decrease in cash outflows for real estate inventories were offsetinflows of $6.7 million due to the timing of accounts receivable collections in the 2017 second quarter by increased home deliveries as compared to the prior year period and a greater utilization of rolling option takedowns.2018 period.
Net cash used in investing activities was $3.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $4.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 20172017. The decrease is primarily due to a reduction of net contributions and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures. Net contributions and advances were $3.1 million in the first half of 2018 compared to $3.5$5.6 million during the same period in 2017. Net contributions were down year-over-year due to the partial repayment of an advance from an unconsolidated joint venture in the 2018 period.
Net cash provided by investingfinancing activities was $32.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016. For the six months ended June 30, 2017, our net contributions and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures were $5.6 million compared to a net distribution from unconsolidated joint ventures of $1.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2016 and was the primary reason net cash used in investing activities increased. The reduction in distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures primarily related to the reduction in revenues, new home deliveries, and the completion of certain joint venture communities.
Net cash provided by financing activities was2018 versus $199.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017. The higher amount in 2017 versus $146.2reflects the net proceeds from the issuance of $325 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016. The increase was primarily due to an increase in net borrowings, in particular the sale of our Senior Notes due 2022.



Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations

Option Contracts

In the ordinary course of business, we enter into land option contracts in order to procure lots for the construction of our homes. We are subject to customary obligations associated with entering into contracts for the purchase of land and improved lots. These purchase contracts typically require a cash deposit and the purchase of properties under these contracts is generally contingent upon satisfaction of certain requirements by the sellers, including obtaining applicable property and development entitlements. We also utilize option contracts with land sellers as a method of acquiring land in staged takedowns, to help us manage the financial and market risk associated with land holdings, to reduce the use of funds from our corporate financing sources, and to enhance our return on equity.capital. Option contracts generally require a non-refundablenonrefundable deposit for the right to acquire lots over a specified period of time at pre-determined prices. We generally have the right at our discretion to terminate our obligations under both purchase contracts and option contracts by forfeiting our cash deposit with no further financial responsibility to the land seller. In some instances, we may also expend funds for due diligence and development activities with respect to our option contracts prior to purchase which we would have to write off should we not purchase the land. As of June 30, 2017,2018, we had $39.3$31.7 million of non-refundablenonrefundable and $0.2$1.0 million of refundable cash deposits pertaining to land option contracts and purchase contracts with an estimated aggregate remaining purchase price of $402.8$302.9 million, (netnet of deposits)deposits ("Aggregate Remaining Purchase Price"). These cash deposits are included as a component of our real estate inventories on thein our condensed consolidated balance sheets. In addition, the Company has agreed to liquidated damages of up to $9.1 million should the Company not fulfill its obligations under a contract to control $53.1 million of land under an option contract, which is included in the Aggregate Remaining Purchase Price noted above.

Our utilization of land option contracts is dependent on, among other things, the availability of land sellers willing to enter into option arrangements, the availability of capital to financial intermediaries to finance the development of optioned lots, general housing market conditions, and local market dynamics. Options may be more difficult to procure from land sellers in strong housing markets and are more prevalent in certain geographic regions.

Joint Ventures

We enter into land development and homebuilding joint ventures from time to time as means of:
leveraging our capital base
accessing larger or highly desirable lot positions
expanding our market opportunities
managing financial and market risk associated with land holdings
establishing strategic alliances
These joint ventures have historically obtained secured acquisition, development and/or construction financing which reduces the use of funds from our corporate financing sources.
The Company has provided credit enhancements in connection with joint venture borrowings in the form of loan-to-value (“LTV”("LTV") maintenance agreements in order to secure the joint venture's performance under the loans and maintenance of certain LTV ratios. The Company has also entered into agreements with its partners in each of the unconsolidated joint ventures whereby the Company and its partners are apportioned liability under the LTV maintenance agreements according to their respective capital interest. In addition, the agreements provide the Company, to the extent its partner has an unpaid liability under such credit enhancements, the right to receive distributions from the unconsolidated joint venture that would otherwise be made to the partner. However, there is no guarantee that such distributions will be made or will be sufficient to cover the share of theCompany's liability apportioned to us.under such LTV maintenance agreements. The loans underlying the LTV maintenance agreements comprise acquisition and development loans, construction revolvers and model home loans, and the agreements remain in force until the loans are satisfied. Due to the nature of the loans, the outstanding balance at any given time is subject to a number of factors including the status of site improvements, the mix of horizontal and vertical development underway, the timing of phase build outs, and the period necessary to complete the escrow process for homebuyers. As of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016, $61.02017, $31.3 million and $56.0$38.6 million, respectively, was outstanding under loans that are credit enhanced by the Company through LTV maintenance agreements. Under the terms of the joint venture agreements, the Company's proportionate share of LTV maintenance agreement liabilities was $9.6$5.0 million and $8.6$6.7 million, respectively, as of June 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016.2017. In addition, the Company has provided completion agreements regarding specific performance for certain projects whereby the Company is required to complete the given project with funds provided by the beneficiary of the agreement. If there are not adequate funds available under the specific project loans, the Company would then be subject to financial liability under such completion guaranties. Typically, under such terms of the joint venture agreements, the Company has the right to apportion the respective share of any costs funded under such completion guaranties to its partners. However, there is no guarantee that we will be able to recover against our partners for such amounts owed to us under the terms of such joint venture agreements. In connection with joint venture borrowings, the Company also selectively provides (a) an environmental indemnity provided to


the lender that holds the lender harmless from and against losses arising from the discharge of hazardous materials from the property and non-compliance with applicable environmental laws; and (b) indemnification of the lender from “bad"bad boy acts”acts" of the unconsolidated entity.entity such as fraud, misrepresentation, misapplication or non-payment of rents, profits, insurance, and condemnation proceeds, waste and mechanic liens, and bankruptcy.
For more information about our off-balance sheet arrangements, please see Note 11 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
As of June 30, 2017,2018, we held ownershipmembership interests in 1210 unconsolidated joint ventures, eightsix of which related to homebuilding activities and four related to land development as noted below. We were a party to fourtwo loan-to-value maintenance agreements related to unconsolidated joint ventures as of June 30, 2017.2018. The following table reflects certain financial and other information related to our unconsolidated joint ventures as of June 30, 2017:2018:
 
 June 30, 2017 June 30, 2018
Year
Formed
Location Total Joint Venture 
NWHM Equity (2)
Debt-to-Total
Capitalization
Loan-to-
Value
Maintenance
Agreement
Future
Capital
Commitment(3)
Lots Owned and Controlled
Year
Formed
Location Total Joint Venture 
NWHM Equity (2)
Debt-to-Total
Capital-ization
Loan-to-
Value
Maintenance
Agreement
Future
Capital
Commitment(3)
Lots Owned and Controlled
Joint Venture (Project Name)Ownership %Assets
Debt(1)
Equity Ownership %Assets
Debt(1)
Equity 
   (Dollars in 000's)    (Dollars in 000's) 
TNHC-HW San Jose LLC (Orchard Park)2012San Jose, CA15%4,810

2,415
 724
%N/A

2012San Jose, CA15%2,408

543
 163
%N/A

TNHC-TCN Santa Clarita LP (Villa Metro)(4)
2012
Santa
Clarita, CA
10%1,565

806
 202
%N/A

2012
Santa
Clarita, CA
10%1,288

723
 181
%N/A

TNHC Newport LLC (Meridian)(4)
2013
Newport
Beach, CA
12%3,864

1,524
 270
%N/A

2013
Newport
Beach, CA
12%2,234

1,615
 292
%N/A

Encore McKinley Village LLC (McKinley Village)2013Sacramento, CA10%90,180
29,920
56,068
 5,605
35%Yes
305
2013Sacramento, CA10%80,888
18,866
56,913
 5,693
25%Yes
201
TNHC Russell Ranch LLC (Russell Ranch)(6)(5)
2013Folsom, CA35%60,905
20,000
35,856
 12,550
36%No19,706
870
2013Folsom, CA35%104,330
24,523
72,177
 27,048
25%No11,333
870
TNHC-HW Foster City LLC (Foster Square)(5)
2013Foster City, CA35%3,069

1,615
 750
%N/A

2013Foster City, CA35%1,793

1,006
 468
%N/A

Calabasas Village LP (Avanti)(4)
2013
Calabasas,
CA
10%55,170
12,510
39,425
 4,933
24%Yes1,000
42
2013
Calabasas,
CA
10%40,547
9,510
29,993
 2,998
24%No
22
TNHC-HW Cannery LLC (Cannery Park)(6)(5)
2013Davis, CA35%13,043

8,676
 3,036
%N/A
110
2013Davis, CA35%7,803

6,119
 2,141
%N/A
16
Arantine Hills Holdings LP (Bedford Ranch)(4)(6)
2014Corona, CA5%123,847

123,267
 6,160
%N/A2,950
1,435
TNHC Tidelands LLC (Tidelands)2015San Mateo, CA20%31,764
12,774
18,161
 4,750
41%Yes
35
Arantine Hills Holdings LP (Bedford)(4)(5)
2014Corona, CA5%183,236

170,974
 8,549
%N/A1,080
1,419
TNHC Mountain Shadows LLC (Mountain Shadows)2015Paradise Valley, AZ25%63,836
30,907
30,071
 7,977
51%Yes
66
2015Paradise Valley, AZ25%57,187
22,717
32,191
 8,566
41%Yes
50
DMB/TNHC LLC (Sterling at Silverleaf)2016Scottsdale, AZ50%4,588

4,537
 2,269
%N/A232
72
Total Unconsolidated Joint VenturesTotal Unconsolidated Joint Ventures $456,641
$106,111
$322,421
 $49,226
25% $23,888
2,935
Total Unconsolidated Joint Ventures $481,714
$75,616
$372,254
 $56,099
17% $12,413
2,578
 

(1)The carrying value of the debt is presented net of $0.2 million in unamortized debt issuance costs. Scheduled maturities of the unconsolidated joint venture debt as of June 30, 20172018 are as follows: $54.3$35.0 million matures in 2017, $16.5 matures in 2018 and $35.7$40.8 million matures in 2019. Projects at McKinley Village andThe Mountain Shadows haveproject has multiple debt instruments, some of which do not have LTV maintenance agreements.
(2)Represents the Company's equity in unconsolidated joint ventures. Equity does not include $6.0 million in advances to unconsolidated joint ventures and $0.7$2.4 million of interest capitalized to certain investments in unconsolidated joint ventures which along with equity, are included in investments in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(3)Estimated future capital commitment represents our proportionate share of estimated future contributions to the respective unconsolidated joint ventures as of June 30, 2017.2018. Actual contributions may differ materially.


(4)Certain current and former members of the Company's board of directors are affiliated with entities that have an investment in these joint ventures. See Note 12 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
(5)The debt associated with this joint venture consists of a land seller note.
(6)Land development joint venture.


As of June 30, 2017,2018, the unconsolidated joint ventures were in compliance with their respective loan covenants, where applicable, and we were not required to make any loan-to-value maintenance related payments during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017.2018.




Seasonality

Historically, the homebuilding industry experiences seasonal fluctuations in quarterly operating results and capital requirements. We typically experience the highest new home order activity in spring and summer, although this activity is also highly dependent on the number of active selling communities, timing of new community openings and other market factors. Since it typically takes five to nine months to construct a new single-family home, we typically deliver more homes in the second half of the year as spring and summer home orders convert to home deliveries. Because of this seasonality, home starts, construction costs and related cash outflows have historically been highest in the second and third quarters, and a higher level of cash receipts from home deliveries occurs during the second half of the year. We expect this seasonal pattern to continue over the long-term, although it may be affected by volatility in the homebuilding industry.

Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting policies generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Management evaluates such estimates and judgments on an on-going basis and makes adjustments as deemed necessary. Actual results could differ from these estimates if conditions are significantly different in the future.
Our critical accounting estimates and policies have not changed from those reported in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2017 with the exception of our critical accounting policies for "Home Sales Revenue and Cost of Home Sales" and "Fee Building" which were updated upon the Company's adoption of ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) on January 1, 2018. Please see below for the updated policies.
Homes Sales Revenue and Cost of Homes Sales
In accordance with ASC 606, homebuilding revenue is recognized when our performance obligations within the underlying sales contracts are fulfilled. We consider our obligations fulfilled when closing conditions are complete, title has transferred to the homebuyer, and collection of the purchase price is reasonably assured. Sales incentives are recorded as a reduction of revenues when the respective home is closed. Cost of sales is recorded based upon total estimated costs to be allocated to each home within a community. Any changes to the estimated costs are allocated to the remaining undelivered lots and homes within their respective community. The estimation and allocation of these costs requires a substantial degree of judgment by management.
The estimation process involved in determining relative sales or fair values is inherently uncertain because it involves estimating future sales values of homes before sale and delivery. Additionally, in determining the allocation of costs to a particular land parcel or individual home, we rely on project budgets that are based on a variety of assumptions, including assumptions about construction schedules and future costs to be incurred. It is common that actual results differ from budgeted amounts for various reasons, including construction delays, increases in costs that have not been committed or unforeseen issues encountered during construction that fall outside the scope of existing contracts, or costs that come in less than originally anticipated. While the actual results for a particular construction project are accurately reported over time, a variance between the budget and actual costs could result in the understatement or overstatement of costs and have a related impact on gross margins between reporting periods. To reduce the potential for such variances, we have procedures that have been applied on a consistent basis, including assessing and revising project budgets on a periodic basis, obtaining commitments from subcontractors and vendors for future costs to be incurred, and utilizing the most recent information available to estimate costs. We believe that these policies and procedures provide for reasonably dependable estimates for purposes of calculating amounts to be relieved from inventories and expensed to cost of sales in connection with the delivery of homes.
Fee Building
The Company enters into fee building agreements to provide services whereby it builds homes on behalf of third-party property owners. The third-party property owner funds all project costs incurred by the Company to build and sell the homes. The Company primarily enters into cost plus fee contracts where it charges third-party property owners for all direct and indirect costs plus a fee. The fee is typically a per-unit fixed fee or based on a percentage of the cost or home sales revenue of the project depending on the terms of the agreement with the third-party property owner. For these types of contracts, the Company recognizes revenue based on the actual total costs it has incurred plus the applicable fee. In accordance with ASC 606, we apply the percentage-of-completion method, using the cost-to-cost approach, as it most accurately measures the progress of our efforts in satisfying our obligations within the fee building agreements. Under this approach, revenue is earned


in proportion to total costs incurred, divided by total costs expected to be incurred. In the course of providing fee building services, the Company routinely subcontracts for services and incurs other direct costs on behalf of the property owners. These costs are passed through to the property owners and, in accordance with GAAP, are included in the Company’s revenue and cost of sales.
     The Company also provides construction management and coordination services and sales and marketing services as part of agreements with third parties and its unconsolidated joint ventures. Within these agreements, the Company does not bear any financial risks. In certain contracts, the Company also provides project management and administrative services. For most services provided, the Company fulfills its related obligations as time-based measures, according to the input method guidance described in ASC 606. Accordingly, revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis as the Company's efforts are expended evenly throughout the performance period. The Company may also have an obligation to manage the home or lot sales process as part of providing sales and marketing services. This obligation is considered fulfilled when related homes or lots close escrow, as these events represent milestones reached according to the output method guidance described in ASC 606. Accordingly, revenue is recognized in the period that the corresponding lots or homes close escrow. Costs associated with these services are recognized as incurred.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards
The portion of Note 1 to the accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements under the heading "Recently Issued Accounting Standards" included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q is incorporated herein by reference.

JOBS Act
We qualify as an "emerging growth company" pursuant to the provisions of the JOBS Act. For as long as we are an "emerging growth company," we may electtake advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not "emerging growth companies," including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our annualperiodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding shareholder advisory "say-on-pay" votes on executive compensation and shareholder advisory votes on golden parachute compensation.

In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an "emerging growth company" can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. An "emerging growth company" can therefore delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. However, we have chosen to "opt out" of such extended transition period and, as a result, we will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for non-emerging growth companies. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that our decision to opt out of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards is irrevocable.




Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Information about our market risk is disclosed in Part II, Item 7A, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016,2017, and is incorporated herein by reference.
In addition, on March 17, 2017, the Company completed the sale of $250 million in aggregate principal amount of 7.25% Senior Notes due 2022 (the "Notes"), in a private placement. The Notes were issued at an offering price of 98.961% of their face amount, which represents a yield to maturity of 7.50%. On May 4, 2017, the Company completed a tack-on private placement through the sale of an additional $75 million in aggregate principal amount of the 7.25% Senior Notes due 2022 ("Additional Notes"). The Additional Notes were issued at an offering price of 102.75% of their face amount plus accrued interest since March 17, 2017, which represents a yield to maturity of 6.438%.  The Notes represent fixed-rate debt. For fixed-rate debt, changes in interest rates generally affect the fair market value of the debt instrument, but not our earnings or cash flow.  For a discussion regarding the fair value of the Notes, see Note 9, “Fair Value Disclosures” to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.  Furthermore, we intend to register the Notes later this year pursuant to our obligations under two registration rights agreements entered into with Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, acting as representative of the initial purchasers of the Notes.  If we fail to register the Notes by mid-November, 2017, as set forth in the registration rights agreements, we have agreed to pay additional interest to the holders of the effected Notes at a rate of 0.25% per annum for the first 90-day period immediately following the occurrence of such default, with such rate increasing by an additional 0.25% per annum with respect to each subsequent 90-day period until all such defaults have been cured, up to a maximum additional interest rate of 1.0% per annum.
We do not believe that the future market rate risks related to the above Notes will have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

Item 4.Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC's rules and forms is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure based on the definition of "disclosure controls and procedures" in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide a reasonable level of assurance of reaching our desired disclosure control objectives. In designing and evaluating controls and procedures specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily iswas required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error and mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by management override of controls.

At the end of the period being reported upon, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of June 30, 2017.2018.

ChangeChanges in Internal Controls

There was no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.



PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.     Legal Proceedings
We are involved in various claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. We do not believe that any such claims and litigation will materially affect our results of operations or financial position. For more information regarding how we account for legal proceedings, see Note 10, “Commitments and Contingencies,” to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 1A. Risk Factors

The following Risk FactorsFactor under the heading “Risks"Risks Related to Ownership of Our Indebtedness” below amend and restate the Risk Factors set forth in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 under the headings “Our level of indebtedness may adversely affect our financial position and prevent us from fulfilling our debt obligations; “Our current financing arrangements contain, and our future financing arrangements will likely contain, restrictive covenants relating to our operations”; and “Interest expense on debt we incur may limit our cash available to fund our growth strategies.”
Risks Related to Our Indebtedness
Our level of indebtedness may adversely affect our financial condition and prevent us from fulfilling our debt obligations, and we may incur additional debt in the future.
The homebuilding industry is capital intensive and requires significant up-front expenditures to secure land and pursue development and construction on such land. Accordingly, we incur substantial indebtedness to finance our homebuilding activities. On March 17, 2017, the Company completed the sale of $250 million in aggregate principal amount of 7.25% Senior Notes due 2022 (the “Notes”), in a private placement. The Notes were issued at an offering price of 98.961% of their face amount, which represents a yield to maturity of 7.50%. On May 4, 2017, the Company completed a tack-on private placement offering through the sale of an additional $75 million in aggregate principal amount of the 7.25% Senior Notes due 2022 ("Additional Notes"). The Additional Notes were issued at an offering price of 102.75% of their face amount plus accrued interest since March 17, 2017, which represented a yield to maturity of 6.438%. As of June 30, 2017, we had approximately $318.1 million in aggregate principal amount of debt outstanding, net of the unamortized discount of $2.5 million, unamortized premium of $2.0 million, and $6.4 million of debt issuance costs. In addition, we have $260.0 million in debt commitments under our revolving credit facility, of which no indebtedness is outstanding or utilized to provide letters of credit and $260.0 million is available for borrowing, subject to satisfaction of the financial covenants and borrowing base requirements in our revolving credit facility. Moreover, the terms of the indenture governing the Notes and our revolving credit facility permit us to incur additional debt, in each case, subject to certain restrictions. Incurring substantial debt subjects us to many risks that, if realized, would adversely affect us, including the risk that:
our ability to obtain additional financing as needed for working capital, land acquisition costs, building costs, other capital expenditures, or general corporate purposes, or to refinance existing indebtedness before its scheduled maturity, may be limited;
our debt may increase our vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions with no assurance that investment yields will increase with higher financing costs;
we may be required to dedicate a portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our debt, thereby reducing funds available for other purposes such as land and lot acquisition, development and construction activities;
our cash flow from operations may be insufficient to make required payments of principal of and interest on the debt, which would likely result in acceleration of the maturity of such debt;
we may be put at a competitive disadvantage and reduce our flexibility in planning for, or responding to, changing conditions in our industry, including increased competition; and
the terms of any refinancing may not be as favorable as the terms of the debt being refinanced.
Our ability to meet our expenses depends, to a large extent, on our future performance, which will be affected by financial, business, economic and other factors. We will not be able to control many of these factors, such as economic conditions in the markets where we operate and pressure from competitors. If we do not have sufficient funds, we may be required to refinance all or part of our existing debt, sell assets or borrow additional funds. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to do so on terms acceptable to us, if at all. If we are unable to refinance our debt on acceptable terms, we may be forced to dispose of our assets on disadvantageous terms, potentially resulting in losses. To the extent we cannot meet any future debt service obligations, we may lose some or all of our assets that may be pledged to secure our obligations to foreclosure. Also, debt agreements may contain specific cross-default provisions with respect to specified other indebtedness, giving the lenders the right to declare a default if we are in default under other loans in some circumstances. Defaults under


our debt agreements could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, liquidity, financial condition and results of operations.

Our current financing arrangements contain, and our future financing arrangements likely will contain, restrictive covenants relating to our operations.
Our current financing arrangements, including the Indenture governing the Notes, contain covenants (financial and otherwise) affecting our ability to incur additional debt, make certain investments, reduce liquidity below certain levels, make distributions to our stockholders and otherwise affect our operating policies. These restrictions limit our ability to, among other things:
incur or guarantee additional indebtedness or issue certain equity interests;
pay dividends or distributions, repurchase equity or prepay subordinated debt;
make certain investments;
sell assets;
incur liens;
create certain restrictions on the ability of restricted subsidiaries to transfer assets;
enter into transactions with affiliates;
create unrestricted subsidiaries; and
consolidate, merge or sell all or substantially all of our assets.
In addition, our revolving credit facility contains a maximum leverage ratio of 65%, which, as defined in our credit agreement, is calculated on a net debt basis after a minimum liquidity threshold. Our leverage ratio as of June 30, 2017, as calculated under our revolving credit facility, was approximately 42%. Failure to have sufficient borrowing base availability in the future or to be in compliance with our maximum leverage ratio under our revolving credit facility could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition.
A breach of the covenants under the Indenture or any of the other agreements governing our indebtedness could result in an event of default under the Indenture or other such agreements.
A default under the Indenture governing the Notes or our revolving credit facility or other agreements governing our indebtedness may allow our creditors to accelerate the related debt and may result in the acceleration of any other debt to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies. In addition, an event of default under the credit agreement governing our revolving credit facility would permit the lenders thereunder to terminate all commitments to extend further credit under our revolving credit facility. Furthermore, if we were unable to repay the amounts due and payable under any future secured credit facilities, those lenders could proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure that indebtedness. In the event our lenders or the holders of our notes accelerate the repayment of our borrowings, we cannot assure you that we and our subsidiaries would have sufficient assets to repay such indebtedness. As a result of these restrictions, we may be:
limited in how we conduct our business;
unable to raise additional debt or equity financing to operate during general economic or business downturns; or
unable to compete effectively or to take advantage of new business opportunities. These restrictions may affect our ability to grow in accordance with our plans.
Potential future downgrades of our credit ratings could adversely affect our access to capital and could otherwise have a material adverse effect on us.
Rating agencies may elect in the future to downgrade our corporate credit rating or any rating of the notes due to deterioration in our homebuilding operations, credit metrics or other earnings-based metrics, as well as our leverage or a significant decrease in our tangible net worth. These ratings and our current credit condition affect, among other things, our ability to access new capital, especially debt, and negative changes in these ratings may result in more stringent covenants and higher interest rates under the terms of any new debt. Our credit ratings could be downgraded or rating agencies could issue adverse commentaries in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. In particular, a weakening of our financial condition, including a significant increase in our leverage or decrease in our profitability or cash flows, could adversely affect our ability to obtain necessary funds, result in a credit rating downgrade or change in outlook, or otherwise increase our cost of borrowing.
Interest expense on debt we incur may limit our cash available to fund our growth strategies.
As of June 30, 2017, we had approximately $318.1 million in aggregate principal amount of debt outstanding, net of the unamortized discount of $2.5 million, unamortized premium of $2.0 million, and $6.4 million of debt issuance costs. In addition, we have $260.0 million in debt commitments under our revolving credit facility, of which no indebtedness is


outstanding or utilized to provide letters of credit and $260.0 million is available for borrowing, subject to satisfaction of the financial covenants and borrowing base requirements in our senior unsecured revolving credit facility. As part of our financing strategy, in addition to our sale of the Notes, we may incur a significant amount of additional debt. Our revolving credit facility has, and any additional debt we subsequently incur may have, a floating rate of interest. Our Notes have a fixed rate of interest. We may incur fixed rate debt in the future that may be at a higher interest rate than our floating rate debt. Higher interest rates could increase debt service requirements on our current floating rate debt and on any floating or fixed rate debt we subsequently incur, and could reduce funds available for operations, future business opportunities or other purposes. If we need to repay existing debt during periods of rising interest rates, we could be required to refinance our then-existing debt on unfavorable terms or liquidate one or more of our assets to repay such debt at times that may not permit realization of a favorable return on such assets and could result in a loss. The occurrence of either such event or both could materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, liquidity, financial condition and results of operations.
We may be unable to repurchase the Notes upon a change of control as required by the Indenture.
Upon the occurrence of certain specific kinds of change of control events, we must offer to repurchase the notes at 101% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon. In such circumstances, we cannot assure you that we would have sufficient funds available to repay all of our indebtedness that would become payable upon a change of control and to repurchase all of the notes. Our failure to purchase the notes would be a default under the Indenture.

We could incur additional interest expense if we are not able to register our $325 million aggregate principal amount of 7.25% Senior Notes due 2022 in a timely manner.
The Notes were sold on March 17, 2017 and May 4, 2017 in private transactions exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933. We agreed to register the Notes under two registration rights agreements entered into with Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, acting as representative of the initial purchasers of the Notes. If the Notes have not been registered within 240 days after March 17, 2017, the Company will incur additional interest expense in the amount of 0.25% per annum during the 90-day period immediately following the occurrence of any Registration Default. Additional interest expense shall increase by 0.25% per annum at the end of each subsequent 90-day period, up to a maximum additional interest rate of 1.0% per annum. As of June 30, 2017, the Notes have not yet been registered under the Securities Act, but the Company intends to file for registration during the third quarter of 2017.
The following risk factorCommon Stock" is added to the Risk Factors set forth in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 under the heading “Risks Related to Laws and Regulations”
We may be unable to find and retain suitable contractors and subcontractors at reasonable rates.
The enactment of federal, state or local statutes, ordinances, rules or regulations requiring the payment of prevailing wages on private residential developments would materially increase our costs of development and construction. In January 2017, a bill was introduced in the California State Assembly that may require developers and homebuilders of private residential projects to comply with the requirements for “public works” projects in the state, including the payment of  prevailing wages. Most of our business is conducted in California, and it is possible that depending upon how such bill is interpreted that the passage of this bill would materially increase our costs of development and construction, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.  Access to qualified labor at reasonable rates may also be affected by other circumstances beyond our control, including: (i) shortages of qualified tradespeople, such as carpenters, roofers, electricians and plumbers; (ii) high inflation; (iii) changes in laws relating to employment and union organizing activity; (iv) changes in trends in labor force migration; and (v) increases in contractor, subcontractor and professional services costs. The inability to contract with skilled contractors and subcontractors at reasonable rates on a timely basis could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Other than the items set forth above, there have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed under Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2017.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock
Non-U.S. holders may be subject to United States federal income tax on gain realized on the sale or
disposition of shares of our common stock.

We believe that we are a “United States real property holding corporation,” or USRPHC, for United States
federal income tax purposes. If we are a USRPHC, Non-U.S. Holders (as defined below) may be subject to United States federal income tax (including withholding tax) upon a sale or disposition of our common stock, if (i) our common stock is not regularly traded on an established securities market, or (ii) our common stock is regularly traded on an established securities market, and the Non-U.S. Holder owned, actually or constructively, common stock with a fair market value of more than 5% of the total fair market value of such common stock throughout the shorter of the five-year period ending on the date of the sale or other disposition or the Non-U.S. Holder’s holding period for such common stock.

For purposes of this discussion, a “Non-U.S. Holder” is any beneficial owner of our common stock that is neither a “U.S. person” nor an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A U.S. person is any person that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is or is treated as any of the following:

an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;
a corporation created or organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia;
an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or
a trust that (1) is subject to the primary supervision of a U.S. court and the control of one or more “United States persons” (within the meaning of Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code), or (2) has a valid election in effect to be treated as a United States person for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer

 Total number of shares purchased Average price paid per share 
Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs(1)
 
Approximate dollar value of shares that may be purchased under the plans or programs
 (in thousands)(1)
April 1, 2018 to April 30, 2018
 $
 
 
May 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018125,364
 $10.09
 125,364
 $13,735
June 1, 2018 to June 30, 201879,876
 $10.06
 79,876
 $12,932
Total205,240
 $10.08
 205,240
 


(1) On May 10, 2018, our board of directors approved a stock repurchase program (the "Repurchase Program") authorizing the repurchase of the Company's common stock with an aggregate value of up to $15 million. The CompanyRepurchase Program was announced on May 14, 2018. Repurchases of the Company's common stock may be made in open-market transactions, effected through a broker-dealer at prevailing market prices, in privately negotiated transactions, in block trades or by other means in accordance with federal securities laws, including pursuant to any trading plan that may be adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The board of directors did not makefix any purchases of its common stock duringexpiration date for the three months ended June 30, 2017.Repurchase Program.



Item 3.    Defaults Upon Senior Securities
 
None.

Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5.    Other Information
    
None.



Item 6.    Exhibits
Exhibit
Number
 Exhibit Description
  
3.1 
  
3.2 
  
3.3 
   
4.1 
   
4.2 
   
4.3 Indenture, dated as of March 17, 2017, among the Company, the Guarantors and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, including form of 7.25% Senior Notes due 2022 (incorporated by reference
4.4Form of 7.250% Senior Notes due 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 20, 2017)
4.5*First Supplemental Indenture dated as of April 28, 2017 between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association.
4.6Officers' Certificate, dated May 4, 2017, delivered pursuant to the Indenture, and setting forth the terms of the Additional Notes 7.25% Senior Notes due 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 5, 2017).
10.1*Letter agreement re: Arantine Hills Holdings LP - funding Excess Shortfall among TNHC-Arantine GP LLC, TNHC Land Company LLC and Arantine Hills Equity LP dated as of June 28, 2017
10.2RegistrationInvestor Rights Agreement datedamong The New Home Company Inc., IHP Capital Partners VI, LLC, WATT/TNHC LLC, TCN/TNHC LP, H. Lawrence Webb, Wayne J. Stelmar, Joseph D. Davis and Thomas Redwitz in their individual capacities and as of May 4, 2017, between the Company, the Guarantors and Credit Suisse Securities (USA)successors in interest to TNHC Partners LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 toof the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 5, 2017)23, 2018)
10.1*†
10.2
   
31.1* 
  
31.2* 
  
32.1** 
  
32.2** 
   
101* The following materials from The New Home Company Inc.’s AnnualQuarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017,2018, formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statement of Equity, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
*Filed herewith
**Furnished herewith. The information in Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 shall not be deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act, of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall they be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act, of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act (including this Report), unless the Registrant specifically incorporates the foregoing information into those documents by reference.
Management Contract or Compensatory Plan or Arrangement




SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

       
    The New Home Company Inc.
    
    By: /s/ H. Lawrence Webb
      H. Lawrence Webb
      Chief Executive Officer
       
    By: /s/ John M. Stephens
      John M. Stephens
      Chief Financial Officer
Date: July 27, 2017August 3, 2018


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