UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
ýQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 20182019 or
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ______to ______

Commission File Number 001-36283
 Commission File Number 001-36283 


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The New Home Company Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
   
Delaware 27-0560089
(State or other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
85 Enterprise, Suite 450
Aliso Viejo, California92656
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (949) (949382-7800
 Not Applicable 
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par valueNWHMNew York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ý    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ý    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer¨Accelerated filerNon-accelerated filer
¨


Accelerated filerý
Smaller reporting company¨
Emerging growth companyý


If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ý
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes   ¨   No  ý
Registrant’s shares of common stock outstanding as of August 1, 2018: 20,855,778July 26, 2019: 20,096,969









THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
FORM 10-Q
INDEX


   
  
Page
Number
 
PART I  Financial Information
   
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
 
Part II   Other Information
   
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.
   
 






PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.
Financial Statements


THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars in thousands, except par value amounts)


June 30, December 31,June 30, December 31,
2018 20172019 2018
(Unaudited)  (Unaudited)  
Assets      
Cash and cash equivalents$90,758
 $123,546
$48,224
 $42,273
Restricted cash567
 424
124
 269
Contracts and accounts receivable20,370
 23,224
16,113
 18,265
Due from affiliates212
 1,060
218
 1,218
Real estate inventories469,738
 416,143
541,954
 566,290
Investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures58,501
 55,824
33,637
 34,330
Other assets25,864
 24,291
32,987
 33,452
Total assets$666,010
 $644,512
$673,257
 $696,097
      
Liabilities and equity      
Accounts payable$28,978
 $23,722
$26,629
 $39,391
Accrued expenses and other liabilities23,796
 38,054
32,375
 29,028
Unsecured revolving credit facility35,000
 
66,000
 67,500
Senior notes, net319,402
 318,656
309,060
 320,148
Total liabilities407,176
 380,432
434,064
 456,067
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
 

 

Equity:      
Stockholders' equity:      
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized, no shares outstanding
 

 
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 20,855,778 and 20,876,837, shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively209
 209
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 20,096,969 and 20,058,904, shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively201
 201
Additional paid-in capital198,234
 199,474
192,691
 193,132
Retained earnings60,312
 64,307
46,206
 46,621
Total stockholders' equity258,755
 263,990
239,098
 239,954
Non-controlling interest in subsidiary79
 90
95
 76
Total equity258,834
 264,080
239,193
 240,030
Total liabilities and equity$666,010
 $644,512
$673,257
 $696,097
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.






THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)


Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2018 2017 2018 20172019 2018 2019 2018
Revenues:              
Home sales$117,460
 $96,929
 $196,897
 $166,335
$140,464
 $117,460
 $239,650
 $196,897
Fee building, including management fees from unconsolidated joint ventures of $672, $1,217, $1,652 and $2,431, respectively38,095
 47,181
 81,889
 102,798
Fee building, including management fees from unconsolidated joint ventures of $619, $672, $1,162 and $1,652, respectively22,285
 38,095
 41,947
 81,889
155,555
 144,110
 278,786
 269,133
162,749
 155,555
 281,597
 278,786
Cost of Sales:              
Home sales102,678
 82,488
 172,372
 142,553
123,525
 102,678
 210,094
 172,372
Home sales impairments
 1,300
 
 1,300
Fee building37,038
 45,899
 79,737
 99,825
21,770
 37,038
 41,038
 79,737
139,716
 129,687
 252,109
 243,678
       145,295
 139,716
 251,132
 252,109
Gross Margin:              
Home sales14,782
 13,141
 24,525
 22,482
16,939
 14,782
 29,556
 24,525
Fee building1,057
 1,282
 2,152
 2,973
515
 1,057
 909
 2,152
15,839
 14,423
 26,677
 25,455
17,454
 15,839
 30,465
 26,677
              
Selling and marketing expenses(9,466) (6,376) (16,105) (11,377)(9,683) (9,466) (18,362) (16,105)
General and administrative expenses(5,979) (5,595) (11,998) (10,685)(5,841) (5,979) (13,232) (11,998)
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures(120) 201
 215
 507
185
 (120) 369
 215
Gain on early extinguishment of debt552
 
 969
 
Other income (expense), net(92) (148) (118) (35)(102) (92) (295) (118)
Pretax income (loss)182
 2,505
 (1,329) 3,865
2,565
 182
 (86) (1,329)
(Provision) benefit for income taxes(67) (988) 793
 (1,512)(974) (67) (310) 793
Net income (loss)115
 1,517
 (536) 2,353
1,591
 115
 (396) (536)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest
 
 11
 10
Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interest(19) 
 (19) 11
Net income (loss) attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$115
 $1,517
 $(525) $2,363
$1,572
 $115
 $(415) $(525)
              
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to The New Home Company Inc.:              
Basic$0.01
 $0.07
 $(0.03) $0.11
$0.08
 $0.01
 $(0.02) $(0.03)
Diluted$0.01
 $0.07
 $(0.03) $0.11
$0.08
 $0.01
 $(0.02) $(0.03)
Weighted average shares outstanding:              
Basic20,958,991
 20,869,429
 20,942,601
 20,819,288
20,070,914
 20,958,991
 20,028,600
 20,942,601
Diluted21,024,769
 20,956,723
 20,942,601
 20,921,150
20,095,533
 21,024,769
 20,028,600
 20,942,601
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.







THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(Dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)
Stockholders’ Equity Non-controlling Interest in Subsidiary Total EquityStockholders’ Equity Three Months Ended June 30 Non-controlling Interest in Subsidiary Total Equity
Number of Shares of
Common
Stock
 Common Stock 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 Retained Earnings 
Total
Stockholders’
Equity
 
Number of Shares of
Common
Stock
 Common Stock 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 Retained Earnings 
Total
Stockholders’
Equity
 
Balance at December 31, 201620,712,166
 $207
 $197,161
 $47,155
 $244,523
 $101
 $244,624
Net income (loss)
 
 
 2,363
 2,363
 (10) 2,353
Balance at March 31, 201821,007,902
 $210
 $199,361
 $60,302
 $259,873
 $79
 $259,952
Adoption of ASU 2018-07 (see Note 1)
 
 (18) 18
 
 
 
Net income
 
 
 115
 115
 
 115
Stock-based compensation expense
 
 1,306
 
 1,306
 
 1,306

 
 862
 
 862
 
 862
Shares net settled with the Company to satisfy employee personal income tax liabilities resulting from share based compensation plans(55,407) 
 (584) 
 (584) 
 (584)(2,366) 
 (23) 
 (23) 
 (23)
Shares issued through stock plans218,907
 2
 100
 
 102
 
 102
55,482
 1
 (1) 
 
 
 
Balance at June 30, 201720,875,666
 $209
 $197,983
 $49,518
 $247,710
 $91
 $247,801
Repurchase of common stock(205,240) (2) (1,947) (123) (2,072) 
 (2,072)
Balance at June 30, 201820,855,778
 $209
 $198,234
 $60,312
 $258,755
 $79
 $258,834
             
Balance at March 31, 201920,049,113
 $200
 $192,169
 $44,634
 $237,003
 $76
 $237,079
Net income
 
 
 1,572
 1,572
 19
 1,591
Stock-based compensation expense
 
 523
 
 523
 
 523
Shares issued through stock plans47,856
 1
 (1) 
 
 
 
Balance at June 30, 201920,096,969
 $201
 $192,691
 $46,206
 $239,098
 $95
 $239,193
             
Stockholders’ Equity Six Months Ended June 30 Non-controlling Interest in Subsidiary Total Equity
             
Number of Shares of
Common
Stock
 Common Stock 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 Retained Earnings 
Total
Stockholders’
Equity
 
Balance at December 31, 201720,876,837
 $209
 $199,474
 $64,307
 $263,990
 $90
 $264,080
20,876,837
 $209
 $199,474
 $64,307
 $263,990
 $90
 $264,080
Adoption of ASC 606 and ASU 2018-07 (see Note 1)
 
 (18) (3,347) (3,365) 
 (3,365)
 
 (18) (3,347) (3,365) 
 (3,365)
Net income (loss)
 
   (525) (525) (11) (536)
Net loss
 
 
 (525) (525) (11) (536)
Stock-based compensation expense
 
 1,704
 
 1,704
 
 1,704

 
 1,704
 
 1,704
 
 1,704
Shares net settled with the Company to satisfy employee personal income tax liabilities resulting from share based compensation plans(86,182) 
 (977) 
 (977) 
 (977)(86,182) 
 (977) 
 (977) 
 (977)
Repurchase of common stock(205,240) (2) (1,947) (123) (2,072) 
 (2,072)(205,240) (2) (1,947) (123) (2,072) 
 (2,072)
Shares issued through stock plans270,363
 2
 (2) -
 
 
 
270,363
 2
 (2) 
 
 
 
Balance at June 30, 201820,855,778
 $209
 $198,234
 $60,312
 $258,755
 $79
 $258,834
20,855,778
 $209
 $198,234
 $60,312
 $258,755
 $79
 $258,834
                          
Balance at December 31, 201820,058,904
 $201
 $193,132
 $46,621
 $239,954
 $76
 $240,030
Net income (loss)
 
 
 (415) (415) 19
 (396)
Stock-based compensation expense
 
 1,089
 
 1,089
 
 1,089
Shares net settled with the Company to satisfy employee personal income tax liabilities resulting from share based compensation plans(85,420) 
 (488) 
 (488) 
 (488)
Shares issued through stock plans277,401
 2
 (2) 
 
 
 
Repurchase of common stock(153,916) (2) (1,040) 
 (1,042) 
 (1,042)
Balance at June 30, 201920,096,969
 $201
 $192,691
 $46,206
 $239,098
 $95
 $239,193
             
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.






THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)
Six Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2018 20172019 2018
Operating activities:      
Net income (loss)$(536) $2,353
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities:   
Net loss$(396) $(536)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:   
Deferred taxes(1,481) (54)
 (1,481)
Amortization of equity based compensation1,704
 1,306
Amortization of stock-based compensation1,089
 1,704
Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated joint ventures715
 1,588
279
 715
Inventory impairments
 1,300
Abandoned project costs43
 206
19
 43
Equity in net income of unconsolidated joint ventures(215) (507)(369) (215)
Deferred profit from unconsolidated joint ventures136
 497

 136
Depreciation and amortization2,646
 236
5,042
 2,646
Gain on early extinguishment of debt(969) 
Net changes in operating assets and liabilities:      
Contracts and accounts receivable2,854
 9,573
2,152
 2,854
Due from affiliates788
 (671)975
 788
Real estate inventories(53,108) (74,407)24,970
 (53,108)
Other assets(6,095) (2,900)(2,240) (6,095)
Accounts payable5,256
 1,160
(12,762) 5,256
Accrued expenses and other liabilities(14,217) (11,588)1,102
 (14,217)
Net cash used in operating activities(61,510) (71,908)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities18,892
 (61,510)
Investing activities:      
Purchases of property and equipment(184) (95)(8) (184)
Cash assumed from joint venture at consolidation
 995
Contributions and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures(8,954) (8,517)(4,120) (8,954)
Distributions of capital and repayment of advances from unconsolidated joint ventures5,874
 2,948
4,928
 5,874
Interest collected on advances to unconsolidated joint ventures178
 

 178
Net cash used in investing activities(3,086) (4,669)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities800
 (3,086)
Financing activities:      
Borrowings from credit facility35,000
 72,000
40,000
 35,000
Repayments of credit facility
 (190,000)(41,500) 
Proceeds from senior notes
 324,465
Payment of debt issuance costs
 (6,440)
Repurchases of senior notes(10,856) 
Repurchases of common stock(2,072) 
(1,042) (2,072)
Tax withholding paid on behalf of employees for stock awards(977) (584)(488) (977)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
 102
Net cash provided by financing activities31,951
 199,543
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(32,645) 122,966
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities(13,886) 31,951
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash5,806
 (32,645)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – beginning of period123,970
 31,081
42,542
 123,970
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – end of period$91,325
 $154,047
$48,348
 $91,325

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
    
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS






1. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies


Organization
 
The New Home Company Inc. (the "Company"), a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries are primarily engaged in all aspects of residential real estate development, including acquiring land and designing, constructing and selling homes in California and Arizona.


Based on our public float at June 29, 2018, we qualify as a smaller reporting company and are subject to reduced disclosure obligations in our periodic reports and proxy statements.

Basis of Presentation
 
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts have been eliminated upon consolidation.
 
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.2018. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring entries) necessary for the fair presentation of our results for the interim period presented. Results for the interim periodperiods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
 
Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms "we", "us", "our" and "the Company" refer to the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis.
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and notes. Accordingly, actual results could differ materially from these estimates.


Reclassification


Certain items inThe Company updated its reportable segments effective for the prior2019 first quarter. Please refer to Note 15 for more information. Prior year unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows havecomparative data has been reclassified to conformalign with the composition of the current year presentation. These reclassifications have not changed the results of operations of prior periods. On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash ("ASU 2016-18") under the full retrospective method. As a result, the Company no longer presents transfers between cash and restricted cash in the consolidated statements of cash flows.  Instead, restricted cash is included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning of period and end of period total amounts shown on the consolidated statements of cash flows. For additional detail on restricted cash, please see Note 1 - Restricted Cash.reportable segments.


Segment Reporting
 
Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 280, Segment Reporting ("ASC 280") established standards for the manner in which public enterprises report information about operating segments. The Company's reportable segments are Arizona homebuilding, California homebuilding, and fee building. In accordance with ASC 280, we have determined that our California homebuilding divisionreportable segment aggregates the Northern California and our fee building division are ourSouthern California homebuilding operating segments which are also our reportable segments.based on the similarities in long-term economic characteristics.
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
 
We define cash and cash equivalents as cash on hand, demand deposits with financial institutions, and short term liquid investments with a maturity date of less than three months from the date of purchase.
 
Restricted Cash
 
Restricted cash of $0.6$0.1 million and $0.4$0.3 million as of June 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017,2018, respectively, is held in accounts for payments of subcontractor costs incurred in connection with various fee building projects.


The table below shows the line items and amounts of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as reported within the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets for each period shown that sum to the total of the same such amounts at the end of the periods shown in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

    
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS







 Six Months Ended June 30,
 2019 2018
 (Dollars in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents$48,224
 $90,758
Restricted cash124
 567
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the statements of cash flows$48,348
 $91,325

 Six Months Ended June 30,
 2018 2017
 (Dollars in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents$90,758
 $153,959
Restricted cash567
 88
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the statements of cash flows$91,325
 $154,047




Real Estate Inventories and Cost of Sales
 
We capitalize pre-acquisition, land, development and other allocated costs, including interest, property taxes and indirect construction costs. Pre-acquisition costs, including nonrefundable land deposits, are expensed to other income (expense), net if we determine continuation of the prospective project is not probable.
 
Land, development and other common costs are typically allocated to real estate inventories using a methodology that approximates the relative-sales-value method. Home construction costs per production phase are recorded using the specific identification method. Cost of sales for homes closed includes the estimated total construction costs of each home at completion and an allocation of all applicable land acquisition, land development and related common costs (both incurred and estimated to be incurred) based upon the relative-sales-value of the home within each project. Changes in estimated development and common costs are allocated prospectively to remaining homes in the project.


In accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment ("ASC 360"), inventory is stated at cost, unless the carrying amount is determined not to be recoverable, in which case inventory is written down to its fair value. We review each real estate asset on a periodicquarterly basis or whenever indicators of impairment exist. Real estate assets include projects actively selling and projects under development or held for future development. Indicators of impairment include, but are not limited to, significant decreases in local housing market values and selling prices of comparable homes, significant decreases in gross margins or sales absorption rates, costs significantly in excess of budget, and actual or projected cash flow losses.
 
If there are indicators of impairment, we perform a detailed budget and cash flow review of the applicable real estate inventories to determine whether the estimated future undiscounted future cash flows of the project are more or less than the asset’s carrying value. If the estimated future undiscounted future cash flows exceed the asset’s carrying value, no impairment adjustment is required. However, if the estimated future undiscounted future cash flows are less than the asset’s carrying value then the asset's fair valueasset is determined and compared to the asset's carrying value.impaired. If the asset's carrying value exceeds the asset's fair value, itasset is deemed impaired, andit is written down to its fair value.value in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures ("ASC 820").
 
When estimating undiscounted future cash flows of a project, we make various assumptions, including: (i) expected sales prices and sales incentives to be offered, including the number of homes available, pricing and incentives being offered by us or other builders in other projects, and future sales price adjustments based on market and economic trends; (ii) expected sales pace and cancellation rates based on local housing market conditions, competition and historical trends; (iii) costs expended to date and expected to be incurred including, but not limited to, land and land development costs, home construction costs, interest costs, indirect construction and overhead costs, and selling and marketing costs; (iv) alternative product offerings that may be offered that could have an impact on sales pace, sales price and/or building costs; and (v) alternative uses for the property.
 
Many assumptions are interdependent and a change in one may require a corresponding change to other assumptions. For example, increasing or decreasing sales absorption rates has a direct impact on the estimated per unit sales price of a home, and the level of time sensitive costs (such as indirect construction, overhead and carrying costs). Depending on the underlying objective of the project, assumptions could have a significant impact on the projected cash flow analysis. For example, if our objective is to preserve operating margins, our cash flow analysis will be different than if the objective is to increase the velocity of sales. These objectives may vary significantly from project to project and change over time.


If a real estate asset is deemed impaired, the impairment is calculated by determining the amount the asset's carrying value exceeds its fair value.value in accordance with ASC 820. We calculate the fair value of real estate usinginventories considering a land residual value analysis orand a discounted cash flow analysis. Under the land residual value analysis, we estimate what a willing buyer would pay and what a willing seller would sell a parcel of land for (other than in a forced liquidation) in order to generate a market rate operating margin and return. Under the discounted cash flow method, the fair value is determined by calculating the present value of future cash flows using a risk adjusted discount rate. Some of the critical assumptions involved with measuring the asset's fair value include estimating future revenues, sales absorption rates,
    
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS






revenues, sales absorption rates, development and construction costs, and other applicable project costs. This evaluation and the assumptions used by management to determine future estimated cash flows and fair value require a substantial degree of judgment, especially with respect to real estate projects that have a substantial amount of development to be completed, have not started selling or are in the early stages of sales, or are longer in duration. Actual revenues, costs and time to complete and sell a community could vary from these estimates which could impact the calculation of fair value of the asset and the corresponding amount of impairment that is recorded in our results of operations. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, we recorded an impairment charge of $1.3 million relating to one community in Southern California. For additional detail regarding the impairment charge, please see Note 4.2019 and 2018, no real estate impairments were recorded.


Capitalization of Interest
 
We follow the practice of capitalizing interest to real estate inventories during the period of development and to investments in unconsolidated joint ventures, when applicable, in accordance with ASC 835, Interest ("ASC 835"). Interest capitalized as a cost component of real estate inventories is included in cost of home sales as related homes or lots are sold. To the extent interest is capitalized to investment in unconsolidated joint ventures, it is included as a reduction of income from unconsolidated joint ventures when the related homes or lots are sold to third parties. In instances where the Company purchases land from an unconsolidated joint venture, the pro rata share of interest capitalized to investment in unconsolidated joint ventures is added to the basis of the land acquired and recognized as a cost of sale upon the delivery of the related homes or land to a third-party buyer. To the extent our debt exceeds our qualified assets as defined in ASC 835, we expense a portion of the interest incurred by us. Qualified assets represent projects that are actively selling or under development as well as investments in unconsolidated joint ventures accounted for under the equity method until such equity investees begin their principal operations.
 
Revenue Recognition
 
Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted the requirements of ASU 2014-09, The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) ("ASC 606") under the modified retrospective method. For additional detail on the new standard and the impact to our condensed consolidated financial statements, refer to "Recently Issued Accounting Standards" below.. Under ASC 606, we recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To do this, the Company performs the following five steps as outlined in ASC 606: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation.
Home Sales and Profit Recognition
 
In accordance with ASC 606, home sales revenue is recognized when our performance obligations within the underlying sales contracts are fulfilled. We consider our obligations fulfilled when closing conditions are complete, title has transferred to the homebuyer, and collection of the purchase price is reasonably assured. Sales incentives are recorded as a reduction of revenues when the respective home is closed. The profit we record is based on the calculation of cost of sales, which is dependent on our allocation of costs, as described in more detail above in the section entitled "Real Estate Inventories and Cost of Sales." When it is determined that the earnings process is not complete, the related revenue and profit are deferred for recognition in future periods.

For periods prior to January 1, 2018, the company recognized home sales and other real estate sales revenue in accordance with ASC 360. Under ASC 360, revenue from home sales and other real estate sales was recorded and a profit was recognized when the sales process was complete under the full accrual method. The sales process was considered complete for home sales and other real estate sales when all conditions of escrow were met, including delivery of the home or other real estate asset, title passes, appropriate consideration is received and collection of associated receivables, if any, is reasonably assured.


Fee Building
 
The Company enters into fee building agreements to provide services whereby it builds homes on behalf of third-party property owners. The third-party property owner funds all project costs incurred by the Company to build and sell the homes. The Company primarily enters into cost plus fee contracts where it charges third-party property owners for all direct and indirect costs plus a fee. The fee is typically a per-unit fixed fee or based on a percentage of the cost or home sales revenue of the project, depending on the terms of the agreement with the third-party property owner. For these types of contracts, the Company recognizes revenue based on the actual total costs it has incurred plus the applicable fee. In accordance with ASC 606,
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for periods after January 1, 2018 and ASC 605, Revenue Recognition ("ASC 605") for prior periods, we apply the percentage-of-completion method, using the cost-to-cost approach, as it most accurately measures the progress of our efforts in satisfying our obligations within the fee building agreements. Under this approach, revenue is earned in proportion to total costs incurred divided by total costs expected to be incurred. In the course of providing fee building services, the Company routinely subcontracts for services and incurs other direct costs on behalf of the property owners. These costs are passed through to the property owners and, in accordance with GAAP, are included in the Company’s revenuerevenues and cost of sales.
 
The Company also provides construction management and coordination services and sales and marketing services as part of agreements with third parties and its unconsolidated joint ventures. Within these agreements, the Company does not bear any financial risks. In certain contracts, the Company also provides project
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management and administrative services. For most services provided, the Company fulfills its related obligations as time-based measures, according to the input method guidance described in ASC 606. Accordingly, revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis as the Company's efforts are expended evenly throughout the performance period. The Company may also have an obligation to manage the home or lot sales process as part of providing sales and marketing services. This obligation is considered fulfilled when related homes or lots close escrow, as these events represent milestones reached according to the output method guidance described in ASC 606. Accordingly, revenue is recognized in the period that the corresponding lots or homes close escrow. Costs associated with these services are recognized as incurred. Prior to the adoption of ASC 606, the Company recognized revenues from these services in accordance with ASC 605 under a proportional performance method or completed performance method. Under ASC 605, revenue was earned as services were provided in proportion to total services expected to be provided to the customer or on a straight line basis if the pattern of performance could not be determined.
 
The Company’s fee building revenues have historically been concentrated with a small number of customers. For the three and six months ended June 30, 20182019 and 2017,2018, one customer comprised 95%, 96%93%, 97%,95% and 98%96%, respectively, of fee building revenue. The balance of the fee building revenues primarily represented management fees earned from unconsolidated joint ventures and third-party customers. As of June 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017,2018, one customer comprised 61%39% and 49%48% of contracts and accounts receivable, respectively, with the balance of contracts and accounts receivable primarily representing escrow receivables from home sales.


Variable Interest Entities
    
The Company accounts for variable interest entities in accordance with ASC 810, Consolidation ("ASC 810"). Under ASC 810, a variable interest entity ("VIE") is created when: (a) the equity investment at risk in the entity is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support provided by other parties, including the equity holders; (b) the entity’s equity holders as a group either (i) lack the direct or indirect ability to make decisions about the entity, (ii) are not obligated to absorb expected losses of the entity or (iii) do not have the right to receive expected residual returns of the entity; or (c) the entity’s equity holders have voting rights that are not proportionate to their economic interests, and the activities of the entity involve or are conducted on behalf of the equity holder with disproportionately few voting rights.


Once we consider the sufficiency of equity and voting rights of each legal entity, we then evaluate the characteristics of the equity holders' interests, as a group, to see if they qualify as controlling financial interests. Our real estate joint ventures consist of limited partnerships and limited liability companies. For entities structured as limited partnerships or limited liability companies, our evaluation of whether the equity holders (equity partners other than us in each our joint ventures) lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest includes the evaluation of whether the limited partners or non-managing members (the non-controlling equity holders) lack both substantive participating rights and substantive kick-out rights, defined as follows:


Participating rights - provide the non-controlling equity holders the ability to direct significant financial and operational decision made in the ordinary course of business that most significantly influence the entity's economic performance.


Kick-out rights - allow the non-controlling equity holders to remove the general partner or managing member without cause.


If we conclude that any of the three characteristics of a VIE are met, including if equity holders lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest because they lack both substantive participating rights and substantive kick-out rights, we conclude that the entity is a VIE and evaluate it for consolidation under the variable interest model.
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If an entity is deemed to be a VIE pursuant to ASC 810, the enterprise that has both (i) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity or right to receive benefits from the entity that could be potentially significant to the VIE is considered the primary beneficiary and must consolidate the VIE.
 
Under ASC 810, a nonrefundable deposit paid to an entity may be deemed to be a variable interest that will absorb some or all of the entity’s expected losses if they occur. Our land purchase and lot option deposits generally represent our maximum exposure to the land seller if we elect not to purchase the optioned property. In some instances, we may also expend funds for due diligence, development and construction activities with respect to optioned land prior to takedown. Such costs are classified as real estate inventories, which we would have to write off should we not exercise the option. Therefore, whenever we enter into a land option or purchase contract with an entity and make a nonrefundable deposit, a VIE may have been created. At June 30, 2019, the Company had outstanding nonrefundable cash deposits of $15.3 million pertaining to land option contracts and purchase contracts.


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As of June 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017,2018, the Company was not required to consolidate any VIEs. In accordance with ASC 810, we reassess on anperform ongoing basisreassessments of whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE.


Non-controlling Interest
 
During 2013, the Company entered into a joint venture agreement with a third-party property owner. In accordance with ASC 810, the Company analyzed this arrangement and determined that it was not a VIE; however, the Company determined it was required to consolidate the joint venture as the Company has a controlling financial interest with the powers to direct the major decisions of the entity.  As of June 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017,2018, the third-party investor had an equity balance of $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively.


Investments in and Advances to Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
 
We use the equity method to account for investments in homebuilding and land development joint ventures when any of the following situations exist: 1) the joint venture qualifies as a VIE and we are not the primary beneficiary, 2) we do not control the joint venture but have the ability to exercise significant influence over its operating and financial policies, or 3) we function as the managing member or general partner of the joint venture and our joint venture partner has substantive participating rights or can replace us as managing member or general partner without cause.
 
As of June 30, 2018,2019, the Company concluded that none of its joint ventures were VIEs and accounted for these entities under the equity method of accounting.
 
Under the equity method, we recognize our proportionate share of earnings and losses generated by the joint venture upon the delivery of lots or homes to third parties. Our proportionate share of intra-entity profits and losses are eliminated until the related asset has been sold by the unconsolidated joint venture to third parties. We classify cash distributions received from equity method investees using the cumulative earnings approach consistent with ASU No. 2016-15, ASC 230, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments ("ASU 2016-15"("ASC 230"). Under the cumulative earnings approach, distributions received are considered returns on investment and shall beis classified as cash inflows from operating activities unless the cumulative distributions received exceed cumulative equity in earnings. When such an excess occurs, the current-period distribution up to this excess is considered a return of investment and shall beis classified as cash inflows from investing activities. Our ownership interests in our unconsolidated joint ventures vary, but are generally less than or equal to 35%. The accounting policies of our joint ventures are generally consistent with those of the Company with an exception for the requirements of ASC 606 which our joint ventures had not adopted at June 30, 2018.Company.
 
We review real estate inventory held by our unconsolidated joint ventures for impairment on a quarterly basis, consistent with how we review our real estate inventories as described in more detail above in the section entitled "Real Estate Inventories and Cost of Sales." We also review our investments in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures for evidence of other-than-temporary declines in value.value in accordance with ASC 820. To the extent we deem any portion of our investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures as not recoverable, we impair our investment accordingly. For the three and six months ended June 30, 20182019 and 2017,2018, no impairments related to investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures were recorded.

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Selling and Marketing Expense

Effective January 1, 2018, costsCosts incurred for tangible assets directly used in the sales process such as our sales offices, design studios and model landscaping and furnishings are capitalized to other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets under ASC 340, Other Assets and Deferred Costs ("ASC 340"). These costs are depreciated to selling and marketing expenses generally over the shorter of 2430 months or the actual estimated life of the selling community. All other selling and marketing costs, such as commissions and advertising, are expensed as incurred. Prior to January 1, 2018, the Company followed the guidance under ASC 970-340, Real Estate - Other Assets and Deferred Costs ("ASC 970"), and capitalized certain selling and marketing costs to other assets in the consolidated balance sheet if the costs were reasonably expected to be recovered from the sale of the project or from incidental operations, and were incurred for tangible assets that were used directly through the selling period to aid in the sale of the project or services that had been performed to obtain regulatory approval of sales. These capitalizable selling and marketing costs included, but were not limited to, model home design, model home decor and landscaping, and sales office/design studio setup. These costs were amortized to selling and marketing expense as the underlying homes were delivered.

Warranty Accrual

We offer warranties on our homes that generally cover various defects in workmanship or materials, or structural construction defects for one year. In addition, we provide a more limited warranty, which generally ranges from a minimum of two years up to the period covered by the applicable statute of repose, that covers certain defined construction defects. Estimated future direct warranty costs are accrued and charged to cost of sales in the period when the related homebuilding revenues are recognized. Amounts are accrued based upon the Company’s historical rates. In addition, the Company has received warranty payments from third-party property owners for certain of its fee building projects that have since closed-out where the Company has the contractual risk of construction. These payments are recorded as warranty accruals. We assess the adequacy of our warranty accrual on a quarterly basis and adjust the amounts recorded if necessary. Our warranty accrual is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and adjustments to our warranty accrual are recorded through cost of sales.

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Contracts and Accounts Receivable
 
Contracts and accounts receivable primarily represent the fees earned, but not collected, and reimbursable project costs incurred in connection with fee building agreements. The Company periodically evaluates the collectability of its contracts receivable, and, if it is determined that a receivable might not be fully collectible, an allowance is recorded for the amount deemed uncollectible. This allowance for doubtful accounts is estimated based on management’s evaluation of the contracts involved and the financial condition of its customers. Factors considered in such evaluations include, but are not limited to: (i) customer type; (ii) historical contract performance; (iii) historical collection and delinquency trends; (iv) customer credit worthiness; and (v) general economic conditions. In addition to contracts receivable, escrow receivables are included in contracts and accounts receivable in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of June 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017,2018, no allowance was recorded related to contracts and accounts receivable.
 
Property, Equipment and Capitalized Selling and Marketing Costs
 
Property, equipment and capitalized selling and marketing costs are recorded at cost and included in other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Property and equipment are depreciated to general and administrative expenses using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives ranging from three to five years. Leasehold improvements are stated at cost and are amortized to general and administrative expenses using the straight-line method generally over the shorter of either their estimated useful lives or the term of the lease. Capitalized selling and marketing costs are depreciated using the straight-line method to selling and marketing expenses over the shorter of either 2430 months or the actual estimated life of the selling community.


Income Taxes
 
Income taxes are accounted for in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes ("ASC 740"). The consolidated provision for, or benefit from, income taxes is calculated using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse.


DeferredEach quarter we assess our deferred tax assets are evaluated on a quarterly basisasset to determine if adjustmentswhether all or any portion of the asset is more likely than not (defined as a likelihood of more than 50%) unrealizable under ASC 740. We are required to the valuation allowance are required. In accordance with ASC 740, we assess whetherestablish a valuation allowance should be established based onfor any portion of the consideration of all
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available evidence using a "moretax asset we conclude is more likely than not" standardnot unrealizable. Our assessment considers, among other things, the nature, frequency and severity of prior cumulative losses, forecasts of future taxable income, the duration of statutory carryforward periods, our utilization experience with respectnet operating losses and tax credit carryforwards and available tax planning alternatives, to whether deferred tax assets will be realized.the extent these items are applicable. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets depends primarily on the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which the differences become deductible. The value of our deferred tax assets will depend on applicable income tax rates. Judgment is required in determining the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our consolidated financial statements and/or tax returns. Differences between anticipated and actual outcomes of these future tax consequences could have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, no valuation allowance was recorded.


ASC 740 defines the methodology for recognizing the benefits of uncertain tax return positions as well as guidance regarding the measurement of the resulting tax benefits.  These provisions require an enterprise to recognize the financial statement effects of a tax position when it is more likely than not, (defined as a likelihood of more than 50%), based on the technical merits, that the position will be sustained upon examination.  In addition, these provisions provide guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition.  The evaluation of whether a tax position meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold requires a substantial degree of judgment by management based on the individual facts and circumstances. At June 30, 2019, the Company has concluded that there were no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in its financial statements.


The Company classifies any interest and penalties related to income taxes assessed as part of income tax expense. As of June 30, 2019, the Company has not been assessed interest or penalties by any major tax jurisdictions related to any open tax periods.

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Stock-Based Compensation


We account for share-based awards in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation ("ASC 718") and ASC 505-50, Equity – Equity Based Payments to Non-Employees ("ASC 505-50").


ASC 718 requires that the cost resulting from all share-based payment transactions be recognized in a company's financial statements. ASC 718 requires all entities to apply a fair-value-based measurement method in accounting for share-based payment transactions with employees except for equity instruments held by employee share ownership plans.
    
On June 26, 2015, the Company entered into an agreement that transitioned Joseph Davis' role within the Company from Chief Investment Officer to a non-employee consultant to the Company. On February 16, 2017, the Company entered into an agreement that transitioned Wayne Stelmar's role within the Company from Chief Investment Officer to a non-employee consultant and non-employee director. Per the agreements, Mr. Davis' andagreement, Mr. Stelmar's outstanding equity awards will continuecontinued to vest in accordance with their original terms. Under ASC 505-50, if an employee becomes a non-employee and continues to vest in an award pursuant to the award's original terms, that award will be treated as an award to a non-employee prospectively, provided the individual is required to continue providing services to the employer (such as consulting services). Based on the terms and conditions of both Mr. Davis' and Mr. Stelmar's consulting agreementsagreement noted above, we accounted for theirhis share-based awards in accordance with ASC 505-50 through March 31, 2018. ASC 505-50 required that these awards be accounted for prospectively, such that the fair value of the awards will bewas re-measured at each reporting date until the earlier of (a) the performance commitment date or (b) the date the services required under the transition agreement with Mr. Davis or Mr. Stelmar have been completed. ASC 505-50 required that compensation cost ultimately recognized in the Company's financial statements be the sum of (a) the compensation cost recognized during the period of time the individual was an employee (based on the grant-date fair value) plus (b) the fair value of the award determined on the measurement date determined in accordance with ASC 505-50 for the pro-rata portion of the vesting period in which the individual was a non-employee. Mr. Davis' outstanding awards fully vested during January 2017 and were fully expensed.


In June of 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASUAccounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2018-07, Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting ("ASU 2018-07") which expanded the scope of ASC 718 to include share-based payments for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees, with certain exceptions. Under ASC 718, the measurement date for equity-classified, share-based awards is generally the grant date of the award. The Company early adopted ASU 2018-07 on April 1, 2018, at which time Mr. Stelmar's award was the only nonemployee award outstanding. In accordance with the transition guidance, the Company assessed Mr. Stelmar's award for which a measurement date had not been established. The outstanding award was re-measured to fair value as of the April 1, 2018 adoption date. The adoption of ASU 2018-07 providesprovided administrative relief by fixing the remaining unamortized expense of the award and eliminating the requirement to quarterly re-measure the Company's one remaining nonemployee award. The Company adopted this standard on a modified retrospective basis booking a cumulative-effect adjustment of an $18,000 increase to retained earnings and equal decrease to additional paid-in capital as of the beginning of the 2018 fiscal year. The remaining unamortized expense for Mr. Stelmar's award was fully expensed as of June 30, 2018 was $0.1 million.March 31, 2019.


StockShare Repurchase and Retirement
When shares are retired, the Company’s policy is to allocate the excess of the repurchase price over the par value of shares acquired to both retained earnings and additional paid-in capital. The portion allocated to additional paid-in capital is
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determined by applying a percentage, which is determined by dividing the number of shares to be retired by the number of shares issued, to the balance of additional paid-in capital as of the retirement date. The residual, if any, is allocated to retained earnings as of the retirement date.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company repurchased and retired 153,916 and 205,240 shares of its common stock at an aggregate purchase price of $1.0 million and $2.1 million.million, respectively. The shares were returned to the status of authorized but unissued.

Dividends
No dividends were paid on our common stock during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018. We currently intend to retain our future earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business and, therefore, do not intend to pay cash dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, compliance with Delaware law, restrictions contained in any financing instruments, including but not limited to, our unsecured credit facility and senior notes indenture, and such other factors as our board of directors deem relevant.
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Recently Issued Accounting Standards
 
The Company currently qualifies as an "emerging growth company" pursuant to the provisions of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the "JOBS Act"). Section 102 of the JOBS Act provides that an "emerging growth company" can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), for complying with new or revised accounting standards. As previously disclosed, the Company has chosen, irrevocably, to "opt out" of such extended transition period, and as a result, will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for non-emerging growth companies.

In May 2014,February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers2016-02, Leases (Topic 606)842) ("ASC 606"842"), which supersedes existing accounting literature relating. ASC 842 requires organizations that lease assets (referred to howas "lessees") to present lease assets and when a company recognizes revenue.lease liabilities on the balance sheet at their gross value based on the rights and obligations created by those leases. Under ASC 606,842, a company willlessee is required to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goodsassets and liabilities for leases with greater than 12 month terms. Lessor accounting remains substantially similar to prior GAAP. The Company's lease agreements impacted by ASC 842 primarily relate to our corporate headquarters, other office locations and office or services to customers in an amount that reflectsconstruction equipment where we are the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goodslessee and services. Additionally,are all classified as operating leases.
The Company adopted ASC 606 supersedes existing industry-specific accounting literature relating to how a company expenses certain selling and marketing costs. Effective842 on January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the requirements of ASC 606 using2019 under the modified retrospective approach.
Under the modified retrospective approach, the Company recognizedapplied the cumulative effectrequirements of initially applying the new standard as a $3.4 million, tax-effected decreaseASC 842 to the opening balance of retained earningsits leases as of January 1, 2018.the adoption date and recognized a $3.1 million right-of-use asset and a related $3.5 million liability. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported as it was previously, under the appropriate accounting standards in effect for those periods. The adjustment to retained earnings relatedFor additional information on our operating leases, please see Note 11.
For leases that commenced before the January 1, 2019 adoption date, the Company has elected the practical expedient package outlined in ASC 842-10-65-1(f) which prescribes the following:
1.An entity need not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts contain leases.
2.
An entity need not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases (for example, all existing leases that were classified as operating leases in accordance with ASC 840, Leases, will be classified as operating leases, and all existing leases that were classified as capital leases in accordance with ASC 840 will be classified as finance leases).
3.An entity need not reassess initial direct costs for any existing lease.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13"), which changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments from an "incurred loss" approach to a $4.7 million write-downnew "expected credit loss" methodology. The FASB followed up with ASU 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments, in April 2019 and ASU 2019-05, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), in May 2019 to provide further clarification on this topic. The standard is effective for annual and interim periods beginning January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted, and requires full retrospective application upon adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of certain recoverable sellingASU 2016-13 and marketing costs included in other assets that were formerly capitalized under ASC 970, but that no longer qualify for capitalization under the Company's accounting policy reflecting the changes upon the adoption of ASC 606. Asdoes not anticipate a material impact to its consolidated financial statements as a result of this write-down, the Company's deferred tax asset increased by $1.3 million. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company expensed $0.9 million and $1.3 million, respectively, in selling and marketing costs that would have been capitalized and expensed over the underlying home closings under ASC 970. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company depreciated $0.5 million and $0.8 million, respectively, less in selling and marketing expenses for its capitalized selling and marketing assets than it would have if these expenses were recognized as required by ASC 970. adoption.
In addition, the accounting policy change resulted in the depreciation expense for capitalized selling and marketing assets to be included in the line item "depreciation and amortization" in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2018, compared to netting the amortization expense in the net change to other assets line item. The adoption of ASC 606 did not have a material impact on other areas of the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet and statement of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2018 or the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.
In JuneAugust 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, which was adopted by2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) - Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Company on April 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective basisDisclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement ("ASU 2018-13"). The amendments in ASU 2018-13 modify certain disclosure requirements of fair value measurements and resulted in a cumulative-effect adjustment of an $18,000 increase to retained earnings and an equal decrease to additional paid-in capital as of the beginning of the 2018 fiscal year.  For further discussion of our adoption of this ASU, see “Stock-Based Compensation.” 
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) ("ASC 842"). ASC 842 will require organizations that lease assets (referred to as "lessees") to present lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet at their gross value based on the the rights and obligations created by those leases. Under ASC 842, a lessee will be required to recognize assets and liabilities for leases with greater than 12 month terms. Lessor accounting remains substantially similar to current GAAP. Additional disclosures including qualitative and quantitative information regarding leasing activities are also required. ASC 842 is effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim and annual reporting periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 20182019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2018-13 and mandatesdoes not anticipate a modified retrospective transition method. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842), Targeted Improvements ("ASU 2018-11") which provides for an additional transition method that allows companies to apply the new lease standard at the adoption date, eliminating the requirement to apply the standardmaterial impact to the earliest period presented in theconsolidated financial statements. The Company's lease agreements that will be impacted by ASC 842 primarily relate to our corporate headquarters, several other office locations and office or construction equipment where we are the lessee. We believe all applicable agreements would be considered operating leases. Upon adoptionstatements as a result of ASC 842, we expect to add a right-of-use asset and a related lease liability to our consolidated balance sheets. We expect to recognize lease expense on a straight-line basis.adoption.
    
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In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15. ASU 2016-15 provides guidance on how certain cash receipts and cash payments are to be presented and classified in the statement of cash flows.  ASU 2016-15 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017.  Our adoption of ASU 2016-15 on January 1, 2018, did not have an impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures as the Company had previously classified cash distributions received from equity method investees using the cumulative earnings approach.
In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-05, Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets ("ASU 2017-05"). ASU 2017-05 clarifies the guidance for derecognition of nonfinancial assets and in-substance nonfinancial assets when the asset does not meet the definition of a business and is not a not-for-profit activity. We adopted ASU 2017-05 on January 1, 2018 under the modified retrospective approach. There was no effect of initially applying the new standard and there was no impact to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Scope of Modification Accounting ("ASU 2017-09").The guidance provides clarity and reduces diversity in practice and cost and complexity when accounting for a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. We adopted ASU 2017-09 on January 1, 2018 and its adoption did not have an impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-05, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 ("ASU 2018-05"), which amends Income Taxes (Topic 740) by incorporating the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 (“SAB 118”) issued on December 22, 2017. SAB 118 provides guidance on accounting for the effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”). We recognized the income tax effects of the Tax Act in our 2017 financial statements in accordance with SAB 118. Please see Note 14 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.


2. Computation of EarningsIncome (Loss) Per Share
The following table sets forth the components used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 20182019 and 2017:2018:
 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2019 2018 2019 2018
 (Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Numerator:       
Net income (loss) attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$1,572
 $115
 $(415) $(525)
        
Denominator:       
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding20,070,914
 20,958,991
 20,028,600
 20,942,601
Effect of dilutive shares:       
Stock options and unvested restricted stock units24,619
 65,778
 
 
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding20,095,533
 21,024,769
 20,028,600
 20,942,601
        
Basic income (loss) per share attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$0.08
 $0.01
 $(0.02) $(0.03)
Diluted income (loss) per share attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$0.08
 $0.01
 $(0.02) $(0.03)
        
Antidilutive stock options and unvested restricted stock units not included in diluted earnings per share1,349,106
 952,882
 1,292,726
 1,333,106

 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
 (Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Numerator:       
Net income (loss) attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$115
 $1,517
 $(525) $2,363
        
Denominator:       
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding20,958,991
 20,869,429
 20,942,601
 20,819,288
Effect of dilutive shares:       
Stock options and unvested restricted stock units65,778
 87,294
 
 101,862
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding21,024,769
 20,956,723
 20,942,601
 20,921,150
        
Basic earnings (loss) per share attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$0.01
 $0.07
 $(0.03) $0.11
Diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$0.01
 $0.07
 $(0.03) $0.11
        
Antidilutive stock options and unvested restricted stock units not included in diluted earnings per share952,882
 22,077
 1,333,106
 846,725
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS




3. Contracts and Accounts Receivable
Contracts and accounts receivable consist of the following:
 June 30, December 31,
 2019 2018
 (Dollars in thousands)
Contracts receivable:   
Costs incurred on fee building projects$41,038
 $159,136
Estimated earnings909
 4,401
 41,947
 163,537
Less: amounts collected during the period(35,642) (154,743)
Contracts receivable$6,305
 $8,794
    
Contracts receivable:   
Billed$
 $
Unbilled6,305
 8,794
 6,305
 8,794
Accounts receivable:   
Escrow receivables9,530
 8,787
Other receivables278
 684
Contracts and accounts receivable$16,113
 $18,265
 June 30, December 31,
 2018 2017
 (Dollars in thousands)
Contracts receivable:   
Costs incurred on fee building projects$79,737
 $184,827
Estimated earnings2,152
 5,497
 81,889
 190,324
Less: amounts collected during the period(69,557) (178,704)
Contracts receivable$12,332
 $11,620
    
Contracts receivable:   
Billed$
 $
Unbilled12,332
 11,620
 12,332
 11,620
Accounts receivable:   
Escrow receivables7,157
 11,554
Other receivables881
 50
Contracts and accounts receivable$20,370
 $23,224

Billed contracts receivable represent amounts billed to customers that have yet to be collected. Unbilled contracts receivable represents the contract revenue recognized but not yet invoiced. All unbilled receivables as of June 30, 20182019 and
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



December 31, 20172018 are expected to be billed and collected within 30 days. Accounts payable at June 30, 20182019 and December 31, 20172018 includes $10.8$5.6 million and $11.3$8.5 million, respectively, related to costs incurred under the Company’s fee building contracts.


4. Real Estate Inventories
Real estate inventories are summarized as follows:
 June 30, December 31,
 2019 2018
 (Dollars in thousands)
Deposits and pre-acquisition costs$17,485
 $20,726
Land held and land under development122,392
 115,987
Homes completed or under construction352,535
 380,956
Model homes49,542
 48,621
 $541,954
 $566,290

 June 30, December 31,
 2018 2017
 (Dollars in thousands)
Deposits and pre-acquisition costs$40,001
 $35,846
Land held and land under development43,368
 47,757
Homes completed or under construction329,278
 302,884
Model homes57,091
 29,656
 $469,738
 $416,143


All of our deposits and pre-acquisition costs are nonrefundable, except for refundable deposits of $1.0$0.7 million and $0.8$0.9 million as of June 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017,2018, respectively.
Land held and land under development includes land costs and costs incurred during site development such as development, indirects, and permits. Homes completed or under construction and model homes include all costs associated with home construction, including land, development, indirects, permits, materials and labor (except for capitalized selling and marketing costs, which are classified in other assets).
In accordance with ASC 360, inventory is stated at cost, unless the carrying amount is determined not to be recoverable, in which case inventory is written down to its fair value. We review each real estate asset at the community-level on a quarterly basis or whenever indicators of impairment exist. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company recognized

    
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS






real estate-related impairments of $1.3 million in cost of sales resulting in a decrease of the same amount to pretax income (loss) for our homebuilding segment. Fair value for the homebuilding project impaired during 2017 second quarter was calculated under a discounted cash flow model with project cash flows discounted at an 8% rate. The following table summarizes inventory impairments recorded during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:

 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
 (Dollars in Thousands)
Inventory impairments:       
Home sales$
 $1,300
 $
 $1,300
Total inventory impairments$
 $1,300
 $
 $1,300
        
Remaining carrying value of inventory impaired at period end$
 $12,550
 $
 $12,550
Number of projects impaired during the period
 1
 
 1
Total number of projects subject to periodic impairment review during the period (1)
26
 25
 26
 26

(1) Represents the peak number of real estate projects that we had during each respective period. The number of projects outstanding at the end of each period
may be less than the number of projects listed herein.

The home sales impairments of $1.3 million related to homes completed or under construction for one active homebuilding community located in Southern California. This community was experiencing a slow monthly sales absorption rate, and the Company determined that additional incentives were required to sell the remaining homes at estimated aggregate sales prices that would be lower than its previous carrying value.
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS





5. Capitalized Interest
Interest is capitalized to inventory and investment in unconsolidated joint ventures during development and other qualifying activities. Interest capitalized as a cost of inventory is included in cost of sales as related homes are closed. Interest capitalized to investment in unconsolidated joint ventures is amortized to equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures as related joint venture homes or lots close, or in instances where lots are sold from the unconsolidated joint venture to the Company, the interest is added to the land basis and included in cost of sales when the related lots or homes are sold to third-party buyers. For the three and six months ended June 30, 20182019 and 20172018 interest incurred, capitalized and expensed was as follows:
 Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
 2019 2018 2019 2018
 (Dollars in thousands)
Interest incurred$7,606
 $6,612
 $15,367
 $13,328
Interest capitalized to inventory(7,606) (6,149) (15,367) (12,344)
Interest capitalized to investment in unconsolidated joint ventures
 (463) 
 (984)
Interest expensed$
 $
 $
 $
        
Capitalized interest in beginning inventory$28,600
 $19,884
 $25,681
 $16,453
Interest capitalized as a cost of inventory7,606
 6,149
 15,367
 12,344
Capitalized interest transferred from investment in unconsolidated joint ventures to inventory upon lot acquisition3
 5
 13
 5
Previously capitalized interest included in cost of home sales(6,301) (3,750) (11,153) (6,514)
Capitalized interest in ending inventory$29,908
 $22,288
 29,908
 22,288
        
Capitalized interest in beginning investment in unconsolidated joint ventures$672
 $1,962
 $713
 $1,472
Interest capitalized to investment in unconsolidated joint ventures
 463
 
 984
Capitalized interest transferred from investment in unconsolidated joint ventures to inventory upon lot acquisition(3) (5) (13) (5)
Previously capitalized interest included in equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated
joint ventures
(48) (18) (79) (49)
Capitalized interest in ending investment in unconsolidated joint ventures621
 2,402
 621
 2,402
Total capitalized interest in ending inventory and investments in unconsolidated
joint ventures
$30,529
 $24,690
 $30,529
 $24,690
        
Capitalized interest as a percentage of inventory5.5% 4.7% 5.5% 4.7%
Interest included in cost of home sales as a percentage of home sales revenue4.4% 3.2% 4.7% 3.3%
        
Capitalized interest as a percentage of investment in and advances to unconsolidated
joint ventures
1.8% 4.1% 1.8% 4.1%

 Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
 (Dollars in thousands)
Interest incurred$6,612
 $6,401
 $13,328
 $8,437
Interest capitalized to inventory(6,149) (5,878) (12,344) (7,750)
Interest capitalized to investment in unconsolidated joint ventures(463) (523) (984) (687)
Interest expensed$
 $
 $
 $
        
Capitalized interest in beginning inventory$19,884
 $6,663
 $16,453
 $6,342
Interest capitalized as a cost of inventory6,149
 5,878
 12,344
 7,750
Capitalized interest transferred from investment in unconsolidated joint venture to inventory upon lot acquisition5
 
 5
 
Previously capitalized interest included in cost of sales(3,750) (1,720) (6,514) (3,271)
Capitalized interest in ending inventory$22,288
 $10,821
 22,288
 10,821
        
Capitalized interest in beginning investment in unconsolidated joint ventures$1,962
 $164
 $1,472
 $
Interest capitalized to investment in unconsolidated joint ventures463
 523
 984
 687
Capitalized interest transferred from investment in unconsolidated joint venture to inventory upon lot acquisition(5) 
 (5) 
Previously capitalized interest included in equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures(18) 
 (49) 
Capitalized interest in ending investment in unconsolidated joint ventures2,402
 687
 2,402
 687
Total capitalized interest in ending inventory and investments in unconsolidated joint ventures$24,690
 $11,508
 $24,690
 $11,508
        
Capitalized interest as a percentage of inventory4.7% 3.0% 4.7% 3.0%
Interest included in cost of sales as a percentage of home sales revenue3.2% 1.8% 3.3% 2.0%
        
Capitalized interest as a percentage of investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures4.1% 1.2% 4.1% 1.2%



    
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS






6. Investments in and Advances to Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
 
As of June 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017,2018, the Company had ownership interests in 10 unconsolidated joint ventures with ownership percentages that generally ranged from 5% to 35%. The condensed combined balance sheets for our unconsolidated joint ventures accounted for under the equity method were as follows:
June 30, December 31,June 30, December 31,
2018 20172019 2018
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents$26,231
 $30,017
$35,145
 $45,945
Restricted cash15,048
 15,041
14,740
 19,205
Real estate inventories439,013
 396,850
338,176
 374,607
Other assets1,422
 3,942
5,950
 4,231
Total assets$481,714
 $445,850
$394,011
 $443,988
      
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities$33,844
 $34,959
$36,191
 $43,158
Notes payable75,616
 78,341
40,564
 71,299
Total liabilities109,460
 113,300
76,755
 114,457
The New Home Company's equity56,099
 50,523
33,016
 33,617
Other partners' equity316,155
 282,027
284,240
 295,914
Total equity372,254
 332,550
317,256
 329,531
Total liabilities and equity$481,714
 $445,850
$394,011
 $443,988
Debt-to-capitalization ratio16.9% 19.1%11.3% 17.8%
Debt-to-equity ratio20.3% 23.6%12.8% 21.6%

As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had advances outstanding of approximately $0 and $3.8 million, respectively, to one of its unconsolidated joint ventures, which were included in the notes payable balances of the unconsolidated joint ventures in the table above. The advances related to an unsecured promissory note entered into on October 31, 2016 and amended on February 3, 2017 with Encore McKinley Village LLC ("Encore McKinley"), an unconsolidated joint venture of the Company. The note bore interest at 10% per annum and was fully repaid during the 2018 second quarter.


The condensed combined statements of operations for our unconsolidated joint ventures accounted for under the equity method were as follows:
 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2019 2018 2019 2018
 (Dollars in thousands)
Revenues$59,078
 $33,879
 $101,365
 $65,892
Cost of sales and expenses57,288
 34,165
 99,062
 65,374
Net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures$1,790
 $(286) $2,303
 $518
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations$185
 $(120) $369
 $215

As a smaller reporting company, the Company is subject to the provisions of Rule 8-03(b)(3) of Regulation S-X which requires the disclosure of certain financial information for equity investees that constitute 20% of more of the Company's consolidated net income (loss). For the six months ended June 30, 2019, income allocations from two of the Company's unconsolidated joint ventures accounted for under the equity method each exceeded 20% of the Company's consolidated net income (loss). The table below presents select combined financial information for these joint ventures:









THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
 (Dollars in thousands)
Revenues$33,879
 $35,171
 $65,892
 $61,791
Cost of sales and expenses34,165
 35,825
 65,374
 63,309
Net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures$(286) $(654) $518
 $(1,518)
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations$(120) $201
 $215
 $507


 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2019 2018 2019 2018
 (Dollars in thousands)
Revenues$44,358
 $23,798
 $76,395
 $53,439
Cost of home sales40,548
 21,910
 69,624
 47,544
Gross margin$3,810
 $1,888
 $6,771
 $5,895
Expenses1,983
 1,779
 3,840
 4,193
Net income$1,827
 $109
 $2,931
 $1,702
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures reflected in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations$261
 $11
 $488
 $452


For the three and six months ended June 30, 20182019 and 2017,2018, the Company earned $0.7 million, $1.7$0.6 million, $1.2 million, $0.7 million and $2.4$1.7 million respectively, in management fees from its unconsolidated joint ventures. For additional detail regarding management fees, please see Note 12 - "Related Party Transactions."
During the 2017 second quarter, our Larkspur Land 8 Investors LLC unconsolidated joint venture ("Larkspur") allocated $0.1 million of income to the Company from a reduction in cost to complete reserves, which was included in equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations, and our equity partner exited the joint venture. Upon the change in control, we were required to consolidate this venture as a wholly
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



owned subsidiary and the Company assumed the cash, other assets, and accrued liabilities, including warranty and the remaining costs to complete reserves, of the joint venture. As part of this transaction, the Company also recognized a gain of $0.3 million, which was included in equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations, due to the purchase of our JV partner's interest for less than its carrying value.12.


7. Other Assets
Other assets consist of the following:
 June 30, December 31,
 2019 2018
 (Dollars in thousands)
    
Property, equipment and capitalized selling and marketing costs, net (1)
$9,094
 $11,738
Deferred tax asset, net13,937
 13,937
Prepaid income taxes443
 514
Prepaid expenses5,715
 6,348
Warranty insurance receivable (2)
1,257
 915
Right-of-use lease asset (3)
2,541
 
 $32,987
 $33,452
 June 30, December 31,
 2018 2017
 (Dollars in thousands)
    
Property, equipment and capitalized selling and marketing costs, net(1)(2)
$10,059
 $603
Deferred tax asset, net7,798
 6,317
Prepaid income taxes1,251
 
Prepaid expenses5,554
 4,937
Warranty insurance receivable(3)
1,202
 1,202
Capitalized selling and marketing costs(1)(4)

 11,232
 $25,864
 $24,291

  


(1)Under the adoption of the requirements of ASC 606 on January 1, 2018, certain selling and marketing costs that were previously capitalized under former accounting guidance were written off. For the current year, remaining selling and marketing costs and those incurred during the first half of 2018 that are permitted to be capitalized under ASC 340 are included as "Property, equipment and capitalized selling and marketing costs, net" within "Other Assets." Under the modified retrospective adoption approach, the December 31, 2017 balance has not been restated. For more information on the adoption of ASC 606, please refer to Note 1.
(2)The Company depreciated $2.3 million, $4.9 million, $1.5 million and $2.4 million of capitalized selling and marketing costs to selling and marketing expenses during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.
(3)Of the $1.2 million amount for December 2017, approximately $0.6 million related to 2016 estimated warranty insurance recoveries. For further discussion, please see Note 8.
(4)2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company amortized $2.1depreciated $0.1 million, $0.2 million, $0.1 million and $3.2$0.2 million of capitalized sellingproperty and marketing costsequipment to sellinggeneral and marketingadministrative expenses during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017.2019 and 2018, respectively.
(2)The Company adjusted its warranty insurance receivable by $0.6 million during the 2019 second quarter to true-up the receivable to align with actual reimbursement experience rates which resulted in pretax income of the same amount. The impact to net income was $0.4 million or $0.02 per diluted share.
(3)In conjunction with the adoption of ASC 842, the Company established a right-of-use asset of $3.1 million on January 1, 2019. For more information, please refer to Note 1 and Note 11.



THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS




8. Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other liabilities consist of the following:
 June 30, December 31,
 2019 2018
 (Dollars in thousands)
 Warranty accrual(1)
$7,049
 $6,898
 Accrued compensation and benefits3,157
 5,749
 Accrued interest6,236
 6,497
 Completion reserve3,351
 4,192
 Lease liability(2)
2,902
 
 Customer deposits7,188
 2,192
 Other accrued expenses2,492
 3,500
 $32,375
 $29,028
 June 30, December 31,
 2018 2017
 (Dollars in thousands)
 Warranty accrual(1)
$6,998
 $6,859
 Accrued compensation and benefits2,545
 9,164
 Accrued interest6,176
 6,217
 Completion reserve2,379
 5,792
 Income taxes payable
 6,368
 Deferred profit from unconsolidated joint ventures
 136
 Other accrued expenses5,698
 3,518
 $23,796
 $38,054

     


(1)Included in the amount at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 20172018 is approximately $1.2$1.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively, of additional warranty liabilities estimated to be coveredrecovered by our insurance policies that were adjustedpolicies.
(2)In conjunction with the adoption of ASC 842, the Company established a $3.5 million lease liability on January 1, 2019. For more information, please refer to present the warranty reservesNote 1 and related estimated warranty insurance receivable on a gross basis at December 31, 2017. Of this amount, approximately $0.6 million related to 2016 estimated warranty insurance recoveries.Note 11.

THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS





Changes in our warranty accrual are detailed in the table set forth below:
 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2019 2018 2019 2018
 (Dollars in thousands)
Beginning warranty accrual for homebuilding projects$6,767
 $6,775
 $6,681
 $6,634
Warranty provision for homebuilding projects627
 470
 1,054
 986
Warranty payments for homebuilding projects(581) (469) (922) (844)
Adjustment to warranty accrual(1)
94
 
 94
 
Ending warranty accrual for homebuilding projects6,907
 6,776
 6,907
 6,776
        
Beginning warranty accrual for fee building projects178
 223
 217
 225
Warranty provision for fee building projects
 
 9
 
Warranty efforts for fee building projects(18) (1) (66) (3)
Adjustment to warranty accrual for fee building projects(1)
(18) 
 (18) 
Ending warranty accrual for fee building projects142
 222
 142
 222
Total ending warranty accrual$7,049
 $6,998
 $7,049
 $6,998

 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
 (Dollars in thousands)
Beginning warranty accrual for homebuilding projects$6,775
 $4,678
 $6,634
 $4,608
Warranty provision for homebuilding projects470
 331
 986
 602
Warranty assumed from joint ventures at consolidation
 358
 
 358
Warranty payments for homebuilding projects(469) (291) (844) (492)
Ending warranty accrual for homebuilding projects6,776
 5,076
 6,776
 5,076
        
Beginning warranty accrual for fee building projects223
 323
 225
 323
Warranty provision for fee building projects
 
 
 
Warranty efforts for fee building projects(1) 
 (3) 
Ending warranty accrual for fee building projects222
 323
 222
 323
Total ending warranty accrual$6,998
 $5,399
 $6,998
 $5,399


(1)During the 2019 second quarter, we recorded an adjustment of $0.1 million to our warranty accrual for homebuilding projects due to higher expected warranty expenditures which is included in "Adjustment to warranty accrual" above and resulted in an increase of the same amount to cost of home sales in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations. Also during the 2019 second quarter, the Company recorded an adjustment of $18,000 due to lower experience rate of expected warranty expenditures for fee building projects which is included in "Adjustment to warranty accrual for fee building projects" above and resulted in a reduction of the same amount to cost of fee building sales in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations.

THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



We maintain general liability insurance designed to protect us against a portion of our risk of loss from construction-related warranty and construction defect claims. Our warranty accrual and related estimated insurance recoveries are based on historical claim and expense data, and expected recoveries from insurance carriers are recorded based on actual insurance claims and amounts determined using our warranty accrual estimates, our insurance policy coverage limits for the applicable policy years and historical recovery rates. Because of the inherent uncertainty and variability in these assumptions, our actual insurance recoveries could differ significantly from amounts currently estimated.




9. Senior Notes and Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility
Notes payableIndebtedness consisted of the following:
 June 30, December 31,
 2019 2018
 (Dollars in thousands)
7.25% Senior Notes due 2022, net$309,060
 $320,148
Unsecured revolving credit facility66,000
 67,500
Total Indebtedness$375,060
 $387,648

 June 30, December 31,
 2018 2017
 (Dollars in thousands)
7.25% Senior Notes due 2022, net$319,402
 $318,656
Unsecured revolving credit facility35,000
 
Total Notes Payable$354,402
 $318,656

The carrying amount of our senior notes listed above at June 30, 2018 is net of the unamortized discount of $1.9 million, unamortized premium of $1.5 million, and $5.2 million of unamortized debt issuance costs that are amortized and capitalized to interest costs on a straight-line basis over the respective terms of the notes which approximates the effective interest method. Debt issuance costs for the unsecured revolving credit facility are included in other assets and amortized and capitalized to interest costs on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement.


On March 17, 2017, the Company completed the sale of $250 million in aggregate principal amount of 7.25% Senior Notes due 2022 (the "Existing Notes"), in a private placement. The Existing Notes were issued at an offering price of 98.961% of their face amount, which represents a yield to maturity of 7.50%. On May 4, 2017, the Company completed a tack-on private placement offering through the sale of an additional $75 million in aggregate principal amount of the 7.25% Senior Notes due 2022 ("Additional Notes"). The Additional Notes were issued at an offering price of 102.75% of their face amount plus accrued interest since March 17, 2017, which represented a yield to maturity of 6.438%. Net proceeds from the Existing Notes were used to repay all borrowings outstanding under the Company’s senior unsecured revolving credit facility with the remainder used for general corporate purposes. Net proceeds from the Additional Notes were used for working capital, land
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



acquisition and general corporate purposes. Interest on the Existing Notes and the Additional Notes (together, the "Notes") is paid semiannually in arrears on April 1 and October 1. The Notes were exchanged in an exchange offer for Notes that are identical to the original Notes, except that they are registered under the Securities Act, of 1933, as amended and are freely tradeable in accordance with applicable law.

The carrying amount of our Senior Notes listed above at June 30, 2019 is net of the unamortized discount of $1.4 million, unamortized premium of $1.1 million, and unamortized debt issuance costs of $3.7 million, each of which are amortized and capitalized to interest costs on a straight-line basis over the respective terms of the notes which approximates the effective interest method. The carrying amount for the Senior Notes listed above at December 31, 2018, is net of the unamortized discount of $1.7 million, unamortized premium of $1.3 million, and unamortized debt issuance costs of $4.5 million. Debt issuance costs for the unsecured revolving credit facility are included in other assets and amortized and capitalized to interest costs on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement.
    
The Notes are general senior unsecured obligations that rank equally in right of payment to all existing and future senior indebtedness, including borrowings under the Company's senior unsecured revolving credit facility. The Notes contain certain restrictive covenants, including a limitation on additional indebtedness and a limitation on restricted payments. Restricted payments include, among other things, dividends, investments in unconsolidated entities, and stock repurchases. Under the limitation on additional indebtedness, we are permitted to incur specified categories of indebtedness but are prohibited, aside from those exceptions, from incurring further indebtedness if we do not satisfy either a leverage condition or an interest coverage condition. Exceptions to the limitation include, among other things, borrowings of up to $260 million under existing or future bank credit facilities, non-recourse indebtedness, and indebtedness incurred for the purpose of refinancing or repaying certain existing indebtedness. Under the limitation on restricted payments, we are also prohibited from making restricted payments, aside from certain exceptions, if we do not satisfy either condition. In addition, the amount of restricted payments that we can make is subject to an overall basket limitation, which builds based on, among other things, 50% of consolidated net income from January 1, 2017 forward and 100% of the net cash proceeds from qualified equity offerings. Exceptions to the foregoing limitations on our ability to make restricted payments include, among other things, investments in joint ventures and other investments up to 15% of our consolidated tangible net assets and a general basket of $15 million. The Notes are guaranteed, on an unsecured basis, jointly and severally, by all of the Company's 100% owned subsidiaries. See Note
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17 for information about the guarantees and supplemental financial statement information about our guarantor subsidiaries group and non-guarantor subsidiaries group.


During the 2019 second quarter, the Company repurchased and retired approximately $7.0 million in face value of the Notes. The Notes were purchased at 90.82% of face value, for a cash payment of $6.3 million. The Company recognized a $0.6 million gain on the early extinguishment of debt, and the unamortized discount, premium and debt issuance costs associated with the retired notes totaling approximately $90,000 were written off. Total repurchases of the Notes for the six months ended June 30, 2019 equaled $12.0 million in face value at 90.58% of the face value, for a cash payment of $10.9 million. The Company recognized a total gain on early extinguishment of debt of $1.0 million and wrote off approximately $160,000 of unamortized discount, premium and debt issuance costs associated with the Notes retired during the six months ended June 30, 2019.

The Company's unsecured revolving credit facility ("Credit Facility") is with a bank group and matures on September 1, 2020. Total commitments under the Credit Facility are $200 million with an accordion feature that allows the facility size thereunder to be increased up to an aggregate of $300 million, subject to certain financial conditions, including the availability of bank commitments. As of June 30, 2018,2019, we had $35$66.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the credit facility. Interest is payable monthly and is charged at a rate of 1-month LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 2.25% to 3.00% depending on the Company’s leverage ratio as calculated at the end of each fiscal quarter. As of June 30, 2018,2019, the interest rate under the Credit Facility was 4.84%5.40%. Pursuant to the Credit Facility, the Company is required to maintain certain financial covenants as defined in the Credit Facility, including (i) a minimum tangible net worth; (ii) maximum leverage ratios; (iii) a minimum liquidity covenant; and (iv) a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio based on EBITDA (as detailed in the Credit Facility) to interest incurred or if this test is not met, the Company maintains unrestricted cash equal to not less than the trailing 12 month consolidated interest incurred. As of June 30, 2018,2019, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants.
The Credit Facility also provides a $25 million sublimit for letters of credit, subject to conditions set forth in the agreement. As of June 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017,2018, the Company had $3.4$2.3 million in outstanding letters of credit issued under the Credit Facility.


10. Fair Value Disclosures
ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, defines fair value as the price that would be received for selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at measurement date and requires assets and liabilities carried at fair value to be classified and disclosed in the following three categories:
Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets
Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are inactive; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets at measurement date
Level 3 – Valuations derived from techniques where one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable in active markets at measurement date


Fair Value of Financial Instruments


The following table presents an estimated fair value of the Company's Notes and Credit Facility. The Notes are classified as Level 2 and primarily reflect estimated prices obtained from outside pricing sources. The Company's Credit Facility is classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. The Company had an outstanding balance of $35.0$66.0 million under its Credit Facility at June 30, 2018,2019, and the estimated fair value of the outstanding balance approximated the carrying value due to the short-term nature of LIBOR contracts.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


 June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
 Carrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair Value
 (Dollars in thousands)
7.25% Senior Notes due 2022, net (1)
$319,402
 $332,313
 $318,656
 $336,375
Unsecured revolving credit facility$35,000
 $35,000
 $
 $

 June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
 Carrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair Value
 (Dollars in thousands)
7.25% Senior Notes due 2022, net (1)
$309,060
 $294,234
 $320,148
 $292,500
Unsecured revolving credit facility$66,000
 $66,000
 $67,500
 $67,500

  
(1) The carrying value for the Senior Notes, as presented at June 30, 2018,2019, is net of the unamortized discount of $1.9$1.4 million, unamortized premium of $1.5$1.1 million, and $5.2 million of unamortized debt issuance costs.costs of $3.7 million. The carrying value for the Senior Notes, as presented at December 31, 2017,2018, is net of the unamortized discount of $2.2$1.7 million, unamortized premium of $1.8$1.3 million, and $5.9 million of unamortized debt issuance costs.costs of $4.5 million. The unamortized discount, unamortized premium and debt issuance costs are not factored into the estimated fair value.    
The Company considers the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, contracts and accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses and other liabilities to approximate the fair value of these financial instruments based on the short duration between origination of the instruments and their expected realization. The fair value of amounts due from affiliates is not determinable due to the related party nature of such amounts.
Non-Recurring Fair Value Adjustments
Nonfinancial assets and liabilities include items such as inventory and long-lived assets that are measured at cost when acquired and adjusted for impairment to fair value, if deemed necessary. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company recognized real estate-related impairment adjustments of $1.3 million related to one homebuilding community. The impairment adjustment was made using Level 3 inputs and assumptions, and the carrying value of the real estate inventories subject to the 2017 impairment adjustment was $12.6 million at June 30, 2017.

11. Commitments and Contingencies
From time-to-time, the Company is involved in various legal matters arising in the ordinary course of business. These claims and legal proceedings are of a nature that we believe are normal and incidental to a homebuilder. We make provisions for loss contingencies when they are probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Such provisions are assessed at least quarterly and adjusted to reflect the impact of any settlement negotiations, judicial and administrative rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other information and events pertaining to a particular case. In view of the inherent unpredictability of litigation, we generally cannot predict their ultimate resolution, related timing or eventual loss. At this time, we do not believe that our loss contingencies, individually or in the aggregate, are material to our consolidated financial statements.
As an owner and developer of real estate, the Company is subject to various environmental laws of federal, state and local governments. The Company is not aware of any environmental liability that could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations. However, changes in applicable environmental laws and regulations, the uses and conditions of real estate in the vicinity of the Company’s real estate and other environmental conditions of which the Company is unaware with respect to the real estate could result in future environmental liabilities.
The Company has provided credit enhancements in connection with joint venture borrowings in the form of LTV maintenance agreements in order to secure the joint venture's performance under the loans and maintenance of certain LTV ratios. The Company has also entered into agreements with its partners in each of the unconsolidated joint ventures whereby the Company and its partners are apportioned liability under the LTV maintenance agreements according to their respective capital interest. In addition, the agreements provide the Company, to the extent its partner has an unpaid liability under such credit enhancements, the right to receive distributions from the unconsolidated joint venture that would otherwise be made to the partner. However, there is no guarantee that such distributions will be made or will be sufficient to cover the Company's liability under such LTV maintenance agreements. The loans underlying the LTV maintenance agreements comprise acquisition and development loans, construction revolvers and model home loans, and the agreements remain in force until the loans are satisfied. Due to the nature of the loans, the outstanding balance at any given time is subject to a number of factors including the status of site improvements, the mix of horizontal and vertical development underway, the timing of phase build outs, and the period necessary to complete the escrow process for homebuyers. As of June 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017, $31.32018, $24.4 million and $38.6$41.3 million, respectively, was outstanding under loans that are credit enhanced by the Company through LTV maintenance agreements. Under the terms of the joint venture agreements, the Company's proportionate share of LTV maintenance agreement liabilities was $5.0$4.9 million and $6.7$7.3 million, respectively, as of June 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017.2018. In addition, the Company has provided completion agreements regarding specific performance for certain projects whereby the Company is required to complete the given project with funds provided by the beneficiary of the agreement. If there are not adequate funds available under the specific project loans, the Company would then be subject to financial liability under such
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



completion agreements. Typically, under such terms of the joint venture agreements, the Company has the right to apportion the respective share of any costs funded under such completion agreements to its partners. However, there is no guarantee that we will be able to recover against our partners for such amounts owed to us under the terms of such joint venture agreements. In connection with joint venture borrowings, the Company also selectively provides (a) an environmental indemnity provided to the lender that holds the lender harmless from and against losses arising from the discharge of hazardous materials from the property and non-compliance with applicable environmental laws; and (b) indemnification of the lender from "bad boy acts" of
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



the unconsolidated entity such as fraud, misrepresentation, misapplication or non-payment of rents, profits, insurance, and condemnation proceeds, waste and mechanic liens, and bankruptcy.
We obtain surety bonds in the normal course of business to ensure completion of certain infrastructure improvements of our projects. As of June 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017,2018, the Company had outstanding surety bonds totaling $50.8$52.8 million and $52.1$50.5 million, respectively. The estimated remaining costs to complete of such improvements as of June 30, 20182019 and December 31, 20172018 were $19.4$25.1 million and $24.4$20.3 million, respectively. The beneficiaries of the bonds are various municipalities and other organizations. In the event that any such surety bond issued by a third party is called because the required improvements are not completed, the Company could be obligated to reimburse the issuer of the bond.
DuringThe Company accounts for contracts deemed to contain a lease under ASC 842. At the 2017 third quarter,inception of a lease, or if a lease is subsequently modified, we determine whether the Company amended a joint venture agreement pursuantlease is an operating or financing lease. Our lease population is fully comprised of operating leases and includes leases for certain office space and equipment for use in our operations. For all leases with an expected term that exceeds one year, right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The depreciable lives of right-of-use assets are limited to the expected term which it, amongwould include any renewal options we expect to exercise. The exercise of lease renewal options is generally at our discretion and we expect that in the normal course of business, leases that expire will be renewed or replaced by other things, agreed to acquireleases. Our lease payments do not contain variable payments, any residual value guarantees, or material restrictive covenants. Right-of-use lease assets are included in other assets and lease liabilities are recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities within our condensed consolidated balance sheets and total $2.5 million and $2.9 million, respectively, at June 30, 2019.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, lease costs and cash flow information for leases with terms in excess of one year was as follows:
 Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
 (Dollars in thousands)
Lease cost:   
Lease costs included in general and administrative expenses$265
 $620
Lease costs included in real estate inventories207
 369
Lease costs included in selling and marketing expenses17
 34
Net lease cost (1)
$489
 $1,023
    
Other Information:   
Lease cash flows (included in operating cash flows)(1)
$563
 $1,053
(1) Does not include the cost of short-term leases with terms of less than one year which totaled approximately 400 lots in Phase 1 of the joint venture project$0.2 million and posted a $5.1$0.5 million nonrefundable deposit for the acquisitionthree and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, or the benefit from a sublease agreement of such lots. The agreement allowsone of our office spaces which totaled approximately $49,000 and $98,000 for the Companythree and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.

Future minimum lease payments under our operating leases are as follows (dollars in thousands):
Remaining for 2019$971
20201,615
2021444
202210
20232
Thereafter
Total lease payments(1)
$3,042
Less: Interest(2)
140
Present value of lease liabilities(3)
$2,902
(1)Lease payments include options to enter the propertyextend lease terms that are reasonably certain of being exercised.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



(2)Our leases do not provide a readily determinable implicit rate. Therefore, we utilized our incremental borrowing rate for such leases to determine the present value of lease payments at the lease commencement date. There were no legally binding minimum lease payments for leases signed but not yet commenced at June 30, 2019.
(3) The weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average incremental borrowing rate used in advance of the closing date to perform certain improvements, which it began in the 2018 second quartercalculating our lease liabilities were 1.9 years and totaled $4.1 million. The agreement required the Company to reimburse the joint venture for the costs of these improvement which were estimated to be $17.0 million should the Company not acquire the lots. In July of 2018, the Company acquired these lots eliminating the potential reimbursement contingency.5.2%, respectively at June 30, 2019.


12. Related Party Transactions
During the three and six months ended June 30, 20182019 and 2017,2018, the Company incurred construction-related costs on behalf of its unconsolidated joint ventures totaling $1.5 million, $3.6$3.2 million, $1.7$1.5 million and $4.0$3.6 million, respectively. As of June 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017, $0.12018, $0.2 million and $0.1$0.4 million, respectively, are included in due from affiliates in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets related to such costs.
The Company has entered into agreements with its unconsolidated joint ventures to provide management services related to the underlying projects (collectively referred to as the "Management Agreements"). Pursuant to the Management Agreements, the Company receives a management fee based on each project’s revenues. During the three and six months ended June 30, 20182019 and 2017,2018, the Company earned $0.7 million, $1.7$0.6 million, $1.2 million, $0.7 million and $2.4$1.7 million, respectively, in management fees, which have been recorded as fee building revenues in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of June 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017, $24,0002018, $0 and $0.3$0.2 million, respectively, of management fees are included in due from affiliates in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
One member of the Company's board of directors beneficially owns more than 10% of the Company's outstanding common stock through an affiliated entity, IHP Capital Partners VI, LLC ("IHP"), and is also affiliated with entities that have investments in two of the Company's unconsolidated joint ventures, TNHC Meridian Investors LLC (which is an owner of another entity, TNHC Newport LLC, which entity owned our "Meridian" project) and TNHC Russell Ranch LLC ("Russell Ranch"). The Company's investment in these two joint ventures was $9.8 million at June 30, 2019 and $6.5 million at December 31, 2018. A former member of the Company's board of directors who served during 2018 is affiliated with entities that have investments in three of the Company's unconsolidated joint ventures, Arantine Hills Holdings LP ("Bedford"), Calabasas Village LP, and TNHC-TCN Santa Clarita, LP. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company's investment in these fivethree unconsolidated joint ventures totaled $41.2 million. $10.9 million and $12.0 million, respectively.

During the 20172019 second quarter, the BedfordCompany entered into a second amendment to the limited liability company agreement of Russell Ranch between the Company and IHP. Prior to the execution of the second amendment, each of IHP and the Company had contributed its maximum capital commitments pursuant to the joint venture agreement. Pursuant to the second amendment, the parties agreed to fund additional required capital in the aggregate amount of approximately $26 million for certain remaining backbone improvements for the Project (the “Phase 1 Backbone Improvements”) as follows: 50% by IHP and 50% by the Company (“Amendment Additional Capital”). The Amendment Additional Capital will be returned to IHP and the Company ahead of any other contributed capital; provided that none of the Amendment Additional Capital accrues a preferred return that base capital contributions are generally afforded under the joint venture agreement. To the extent of overruns on the Phase 1 Backbone Improvements, the Company is required to fund such overrun capital (“TNHC Overrun Capital”); provided that such contributions shall receive capital account credit. Pursuant to the second amendment, the distribution of cash flow under the agreement was amended to increaseprovide that Amendment Additional Capital would be returned prior to TNHC Overrun Capital, which would, in turn, be returned ahead of the Company's funding obligation by $4.0 million over the existing contribution cap. During the 2017 third quarter, thebase capital preferred return and base capital.
The Company amendedpreviously purchased lots from the Russell Ranch joint venture agreement pursuant to which it, among other things, agreed to acquire approximately 400 lots inas described below (the "Phase 1 Purchase"). The parties also amended the purchase and sale contract for the Phase 1 Purchase to provide relief from the profit participation provisions of the project. At June 30, 2018, the Company had a $5.1 million nonrefundable deposit outstanding related to this purchase, which was subsequently applied to the purchase price of the land when it was fully taken down in July of 2018.transaction under certain circumstances.
TL Fab LP, an affiliate of one of the Company's non-employee directors, was engaged by the Company and some of its unconsolidated joint ventures as a trade contractor to provide metal fabrication services. For the three and six months ended June 30, 20182019 and 2017,2018, the Company incurred $0.1 million, $0.2 million,$22,000, $55,000, $0.1 million and $0.3$0.2 million, respectively, for these services. For the same periods, the Company's unconsolidated joint ventures incurred $0, $0.4 million, $0.3 million$0, $0 and $0.6$0.4 million, respectively, for these services. Of these costs, $0$22,000 and $10,700$7,000 was due to TL Fab LP from the Company at June 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017,2018, respectively, and $0 and $8,000 was due to TL Fab LP from the Company's unconsolidated joint ventures at both June 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017.2018, respectively.
In its ordinary course of business, the Company enters into agreements to purchase lots from unconsolidated land development joint ventures of which it is a member. In accordance with ASC 360-20, Property, Plant and Equipment - Real
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



Estate Sales ("ASC 360-20"), the Company defers its portion of the underlying gain from the joint venture's sale of these lots.lots to the Company. When the Company purchases lots directly from the joint venture, the deferred gain is recorded as a reduction to the Company's land basis on the purchased lots. In certain instances, a third party may purchase lots from our unconsolidated joint ventures with the intent to finish the lots with the Company having an option to acquire these finished lots from the third party. In these instances, the Company defers its portion of the underlying gain and records the deferred gain as deferred profit from unconsolidated joint ventures included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Once the lot is purchased by the Company, the pro-rata share of the previously deferred profit is recorded as a reduction to the Company's land basis in the purchased lots. In both instances,this instance, the gain is ultimately recognized when the Company delivers lots to third-party home buyers at the time of the home closing. At June 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017, $02018, $0.2 million and $0.1
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



$0.2 million, respectively, of deferred gain from lot sale transactions is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as deferred profit from unconsolidated joint ventures for lot transactions between the Company and its TNHC-HW Cannery LLC ("Cannery") unconsolidated joint venture. In addition, at June 30, 2018, $0.5 million of deferred gain from lot transactions with the TNHC-HW Cannery LLC ("Cannery"), Bedford and BedfordRussell Ranch unconsolidated joint ventures remained unrecognized and included as a reduction to land basis in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. At December 31, 2017, $0.5 million, of deferred gain from the Cannery lot transactions remained unrecognized and was included as a reduction to land basis in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The Company’s land purchase agreement with the Cannery requires profit participation payments due upon the closingprovides for reimbursement of each home.  Payment amounts are calculated based upon a percentage of estimated net profits and are due every 90 days after the first home closing.  During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company was refunded $0.2 million from the Cannery for profit participation overpayments from prior periods due to a modification of the underlying calculation related to profit participation. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, no profit participation was due to the Cannery. Also per the purchase agreement, thecertain fee credits. The Company was reimbursed $0.1 million in fee credits from the Cannery during the six months ended June 30, 2018. As of June 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017, $02018, $66,000 and $0.1 million,$37,000, respectively, in fee credits was due to the Company from the Cannery, which is included in due from affiliates in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
On June 18, 2015, the Company entered into an agreement that effectively transitioned Joseph Davis' role within the Company from that of Chief Investment Officer to that of a non-employee consultant to the Company effective June 26, 2015 ("Transition Date"). As of the Transition Date, Mr. Davis ceased being an employee of the Company and became an independent contractor performing consulting services. For his services, he isMr. Davis was compensated $5,000 per month. His current agreement terminates onmonth through June 26, 2019 with the optionwhen his contract was amended to extend the agreementits term for one year if mutually consentedand reduce his scope of services and compensation to by the parties. Either party may terminate the agreement at any time for any or no reason.$1,000 per month. At June 30, 2018,2019, no fees were due to Mr. Davis for his consulting services. Additionally, the Company entered into a construction agreement effective September 7, 2017, with The Joseph and Terri Davis Family Trust Dated August 25, 1999 ("Davis Family Trust") of which Joseph Davis is a trustee. The agreement is a fee building contract pursuant to which the Company acts in the capacity of a general contractor to build a single family detached home on land owned by the Davis Family Trust. For its services, the Company will receive a contractor's fee and the Davis Family Trust will reimburse the Company's field overhead costs. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company billed the Davis Family Trust $10,000, $0.5 million, $0.6 million and $0.7 million, respectively, including reimbursable construction costs and the Company's contractor's fees which are included in fee building revenues in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. Contractor's fees comprised $0, $15,000, $17,000 and $17,100 of the total billings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company recorded $13,000, $0.5 million, $0.6 million and $0.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, for the costcosts of this fee building revenue which are included in fee building cost of sales in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. At June 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017,2018, the Company was due $48,000$0 and $0.5$0.6 million, respectively, from the Davis Family Trust for construction draws, which are included in due from affiliates in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.


On February 17, 2017, the Company entered into a consulting agreement that transitioned Mr. Stelmar's role from that of Chief Investment Officer to a non-employee consultant to the Company. While an employee of the Company, Mr. Stelmar served as an employee director of the Company's Board of Directors. The agreement provides that effective upon Mr. Stelmar's termination of employment, he shall become a non-employee director and shall receive the compensation and be subject to the requirements of a non-employee director pursuant to the Company's policies. For his consulting services, Mr. Stelmar is compensated $6,000 per month. The current term is through August 17, 2019 and may be extended upon mutual consent of the parties. Additionally, Mr. Stelmar's outstanding restricted stock unit equity award granted in 2016 will continuecontinued to vest in accordance with its original terms based on his continued provision of consulting services rather than continued employment.employment and fully vested during the 2019 first quarter. At June 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017,2018, no fees were due to Mr. Stelmar for his consulting services.


On June 29, 2015,February 14, 2019, the Company formedentered into a new unconsolidated joint venture, TNHC Tidelands LLC ("Tidelands"), and received capital credit in excessconsulting agreement that transitioned Thomas Redwitz's role from that of our contributed land basis. AsChief Investment Officer to a result,non-employee consultant to the Company recognized $1.6 million in equity in net income (loss)effective March 1, 2019. For his consulting services, Mr. Redwitz is compensated $10,000 per month. The agreement terminates March 1, 2020 and may be extended upon mutual consent of unconsolidated joint ventures and deferred $0.4 million in profit from unconsolidated joint ventures related to
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this transaction for the year ended December 31, 2015. During the three and six months endedparties. At June 30, 2017, $34,000 and $0.1 million, respectively, of the previously deferred revenue was recognized as equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures. 2019, no fees were due to Mr. Redwitz for his consulting services.
During the third quarter of 2017, the Company acquired the remaining outside equity interest of the Tidelands joint venture. As part of this transaction, the remaining deferred profit was written off, and at December 31, 2017, no deferred profit remained unrecognized or was included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
As of June 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, the Company had advances outstanding of approximately $0 and $3.8 million, respectively, to an unconsolidated joint venture, Encore McKinley.McKinley Village LLC. The note bore interest at 10% per annum and was fully repaid during the 2018 second quarter. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, and 2017, the Company earned $49,000 $0.1 million, $0.1 million and $0.3$0.1 million, respectively, in interest income on the unsecured promissory note which is included in equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, $0 and $34,000, respectively, of interest income was due to the Company and included in due from affiliates in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
During the 2017 second quarter, our Larkspur Land 8 Investors LLC unconsolidated joint venture ("Larkspur") allocated $0.1 million of income to the Company from a reduction in cost to complete reserves, which was included in equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations, and our equity partner exited the joint venture. Upon the change in control, we were required to consolidate this venture as a wholly owned subsidiary and the Company assumed the cash, other assets, and accrued liabilities, including warranty and the remaining costs to complete reserves, of the joint venture. As part of this transaction the Company also recognized a gain of $0.3 million, which was included in equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations, due to the purchase of our JV partner's interest for less than its carrying value.
During 2017, theThe Company entered into two transactions in each of 2018 and 2017 to purchase land from affiliates of IHP, Capital Partners VI, LLC, which owns more than 10% of the Company's outstanding common stock and is affiliated with one member of the Company's board of directors.
The first 2017 agreement allows the Company the option to purchase lots in Northern California in a phased takedown for a gross purchase price of $16.1 million with profit participation and master marketing fees due to the seller as outlined in the contract. As of June 30, 2018,2019, the Company has taken down approximately one-thirdtwo-thirds of the lots, paid $0.4 million in master marketing fees, and has a $0.6$0.3 million nonrefundable deposit outstanding on the remaining lots. The second 2017 transaction allows
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



allowed the Company to purchase finished lots in Northern California which includes customary profit participation and iswas structured as a rolling optionan optioned takedown. The total purchase price, including the cost for the finished lot development and the rolling option, iswas expected to be approximately $56.2$56.7 million, and dependsdependent on the timing of takedowns, as well as our obligation to pay certain fees and costs during the option maintenance period. During the 2019 second quarter, an unrelated third party entered into agreements to purchase from the IHP affiliate some of the lots under the Company's option. The Company has in turn entered into an arrangement pursuant to which it shall purchase such lots on a rolling take down basis from such unrelated third party. The unrelated third party has agreed to purchase 67% of the lots originally under contract with the IHP affiliate and has already closed on 55% of the lots originally under contract with the IHP affiliate. Following the purchase of the lots by the unrelated third party, the purchase price of remaining lots from the IHP affiliate is expected to be approximately $8.4 million. As of June 30, 2018,2019, the Company has made(i) had a $0.3$2.3 million refundablenonrefundable deposit reimbursedup with the ownerIHP affiliate, (ii) paid $0.1 million for fees and costs, (iii) paid $1.5$3.0 million in option payments, and (iv) paid $9.2 million for the purchase of lots directly from the IHP affiliate.
The first 2018 agreement allows the Company to purchase finished lots in Northern California for a gross purchase price of $8.0 million with additional profit participation, marketing fees and certain reimbursements due to the seller as outlined in the agreement. As of June 30, 2019, the Company has taken down all of the lots, paid $0.3 million in master marketing fees and reimbursed the seller $0.2 million in costs related to this contract. The second 2018 agreement allows the Company to purchase land in a master-plan community in Arizona for an estimated purchase price of $3.8 million plus profit participation and marketing fees pursuant to contract terms. The Company has an outstanding, nonrefundable deposit of $0.3 million related to this contract and had not taken down any lots.lots as of June 30, 2019.
In the first quarter 2018, the Company entered into an agreement with its Bedford joint venture that is affiliated with one former member of the Company's board of directors for the option to purchase lots in phased takedowns. As of June 30, 2018,2019, the Company has made a $1.5 million nonrefundable deposit as consideration for this option, and a portion of the deposit will be applied to the purchase price across the phases. The gross purchase price of the land is $10.0 million with profit participation due to seller as outlined in the contract. Subsequent to June 30, 2019, the Company entered into an amendment to this agreement to reduce the gross purchase price of the land to $9.3 million. The Company has taken down approximately one-fourthtwo-thirds of the contracted lots and $1.1$0.7 million of the nonrefundable deposit remains outstanding. During the fourth quarter 2018, the Company entered into a second option agreement with the Bedford joint venture to purchase lots in phased takedowns. The Company made a $1.4 million nonrefundable deposit as consideration for the option, and a portion of the deposit will be applied to the purchase price across the phases. The gross purchase price of the land is $10.5 million with profit participation due to the seller pursuant to the agreement. At June 30, 2019, the Company had taken down approximately 42% of the optioned lots and $0.8 million of the deposit remained outstanding.


FMR LLC beneficially ownsowned over 10% of the Company's common stock during 2018, and an affiliate of FMR LLC ("Fidelity") provides investment management and record keeping services to the Company’s 401(k) Plan. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, and 2017, the Company paid Fidelity approximately $5,000 $9,000, $4,000 and $7,000,$9,000, respectively, for 401(k) Plan record keeping and investment management services. The participants in the Company's 401(k) Plan paid Fidelity approximately $2,000 $4,000, $1,000 and $2,000$4,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, and 2017, respectively, for record keeping and investment management services. As of June 30, 2019, FMR LLC owns less than 10% of the Company's common stock.

The Company has provided credit enhancements in connection with joint venture borrowings in the form of LTV maintenance agreements in order to secure the joint venture's performance under the loans and maintenance of certain LTV ratios. In addition, the Company has provided completion agreements regarding specific performance for certain projects whereby the Company is required to complete the given project with funds provided by the beneficiary of the agreement. For more information regarding these agreements please refer to Note 11.


13. Stock-Based Compensation
The Company's 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "2014 Incentive Plan"), was adopted by our board of directors in January 2014. The 2014 Incentive Plan provides for the grant of equity-based awards, including options to purchase shares of common stock, stock appreciation rights, restricted and unrestricted stock awards, restricted stock units and performance awards. The 2014 Incentive Plan will automatically expire on the tenth anniversary of its effective date.
The number of shares of our common stock authorized to be issued under the 2014 Incentive Plan is 1,644,875 shares. To the extent that shares of the Company's common stock subject to an outstanding option, stock appreciation right, stock award or performance award granted under the 2014 Incentive Plan or any predecessor plan are not issued or delivered by
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



reason of the expiration, termination, cancellation or forfeiture of such award or the settlement of such award in cash, then such shares of common stock generally shall again be available under the 2014 Incentive Plan.
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



At our 2016 Annual Meeting of Shareholders on May 24, 2016, our shareholders approved the Company's 2016 Incentive Award Plan (the "2016 Incentive Plan"). The 2016 Incentive Plan provides for the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and other stock- or cash-based awards. Non-employee directors of the Company and employees and consultants of the Company or any of its subsidiaries are eligible to receive awards under the 2016 Incentive Plan. On May 22, 2018, our shareholders approved the amended and restated 2016 Incentive Plan which increased the number of shares authorized for issuance under the plan from 800,000 to 2,100,000 shares. The amended and restated 2016 Incentive Plan will expire on April 4, 2028.
The Company has issued stock option and restricted stock unit awards under the 2014 Incentive Plan and stock option, restricted stock unit, awards and performance share unit awards under the 2016 Incentive Plan. As of June 30, 2018, 51,4332019, 61,443 shares remain available for grant under the 2014 Incentive Plan and 1,465,8341,053,811 shares remain available for grant under the 2016 Incentive Plan. The exercise price of stock-based awards may not be less than the market value of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. The fair value for stock options is established at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model for time-based vesting awards. The Company's stock option, restricted stock unit awards, and performance share unit awards typically vest over a one year to three yearyears period and the stock options expire ten years from the date of grant.
A summary of the Company’s common stock option activity as of and for the six months ended June 30, 20182019 and 20172018 is presented below:
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 2019 2018
 Number of Shares Weighted-Average Exercise Price per Share Number of Shares Weighted-Average Exercise Price per Share
Outstanding Stock Option Activity       
Outstanding, beginning of period821,470
 $11.00
 826,498
 $11.00
Granted249,283
 $5.76
 
 $
Exercised
 $
 
 $
Forfeited(2,736) $11.00
 (5,028) $11.00
Outstanding, end of period1,068,017
 $9.78
 821,470
 $11.00
Exercisable, end of period818,734
 $11.00
 821,470
 $11.00

 Six Months Ended June 30,
 2018 2017
 Number of Shares Weighted-Average Exercise Price per Share Number of Shares Weighted-Average Exercise Price per Share
Outstanding Stock Option Activity       
Outstanding, beginning of period826,498
 $11.00
 835,786
 $11.00
Granted
 $
 
 $
Exercised
 $
 (9,288) $11.00
Forfeited(5,028) $11.00
 
 $
Outstanding, end of period821,470
 $11.00
 826,498
 $11.00
Exercisable, end of period821,470
 $11.00
 826,498
 $11.00

A summary of the Company’s restricted stock unit activity as of and for the six months ended June 30, 20182019 and 20172018 is presented below:
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 2019 2018
 Number of Shares Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Share Number of Shares Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Share
Restricted Stock Unit Activity       
Outstanding, beginning of period469,227
 $10.75
 562,082
 $10.72
Granted230,774
 $5.28
 179,268
 $11.24
Vested(277,401) $10.50
 (270,363) $11.02
Forfeited(48,178) $10.91
 
 $
Outstanding, end of period374,422
 $7.54
 470,987
 $10.74

 Six Months Ended June 30,
 2018 2017
 Number of Shares Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Share Number of Shares Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Share
Restricted Stock Unit Activity       
Outstanding, beginning of period562,082
 $10.72
 474,989
 $10.66
Granted179,268
 $11.24
 343,933
 $10.84
Vested(270,363) $11.02
 (209,619) $10.76
Forfeited
 $
 (26,194) $10.82
Outstanding, end of period470,987
 $10.74
 583,109
 $10.72


    
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS






A summary of the Company’s performance share unit activity as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 is presented below:
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 2019 2018
 Number of Shares Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Share Number of Shares Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Share
Performance Share Unit Activity       
Outstanding, beginning of period125,422
 $11.68
 
 $
Granted (at target)
 $
 125,422
 $11.68
Vested
 $
 
 $
Forfeited(26,882) $11.68
 
 $
Outstanding, end of period (at target)98,540
 $11.68
 125,422
 $11.68

 Six Months Ended June 30,
 2018
 Number of Shares Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Share
Performance Share Unit Activity
 $
Outstanding, beginning of period
 $
Granted (at target)125,422
 $11.68
Vested
 $
Forfeited
 $
Outstanding, end of period (at target)125,422
 $11.68


The expense related to the Company's stock-based compensation programs, included in general and administrative expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations, was as follows:
 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2019 2018 2019 2018
 (Dollars in thousands)
Expense related to:       
Stock options$50
 $
 $72
 $
Restricted stock units and performance share units473
 862
 1,017
 1,704
 $523
 $862
 $1,089
 $1,704

 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
 (Dollars in thousands)
Expense related to:       
Stock options$
 $
 $
 $11
Restricted stock units798
 695
 1,562
 1,295
Performance share units64
 
 142
 
 $862
 $695
 $1,704
 $1,306

The following table presents details of the assumptions used to calculate the weighted-average grant date fair value of common stock options granted by the Company:
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 2019 2018
Expected term (in years)6.0 0
Expected volatility39.9% 
Risk-free interest rate2.5% 
Expected dividends 
Weighted-average grant date fair value$2.43 $0

We used the "simplified method" to establish the expected term of the common stock options granted by the Company. Our restricted stock unit awards and performance share unit awards are valued based on the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant. The number of performance share units that will vest ranges from 50%-150% of the target amount awarded based on actual cumulative earnings per share and return on equity growth from 2018-2019, subject to initial achievement of minimum thresholds. We evaluate the probability of achieving the performance targets established under each of the outstanding performance share unit awards quarterly and estimate the number of underlying units that are probable of being issued. Compensation expense for theserestricted stock unit and performance share unit awards is being recognized using the straight-line method over the requisite service period, subject to cumulative catch-up adjustments required as a result of changes in the number shares probable of being issued.issued for performance share unit awards. At June 30, 2019, the probability of achieving the performance targets associated with the outstanding performance share unit awards was estimated to be 0%. Forfeitures are recognized in compensation cost during the period that the award forfeiture occurs.
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



At June 30, 2018,2019, the amount of unearned stock-based compensation currently estimated to be expensed through 20212022 is $4.9$2.8 million. The weighted-average period over which the unearned stock-based compensation is expected to be recognized is 1.8 years. If there are any modifications or cancellations of the underlying unvested awards, the Company may be required to accelerate, increase or cancel any remaining unearned stock-based compensation expense.


14. Income Taxes
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018,2019, the Company recorded a $0.1an income tax provision of $1.0 million provision and an $0.8$0.3 million, benefit for income taxes, respectively. Comparatively, the Company recorded respectivean income tax provisionsprovision of $1.0$0.1 million and $1.5an income tax benefit of $0.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017.2018, respectively. The Company's effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, was 36.8% and 59.7%, respectively, and 24.7% and 30.0% before discrete items. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company's effective tax rates were 39.4% and 39.1%, respectively, and 38.0% and 38.1% before discrete items. Effective tax rate before discrete items is a non-GAAP measure, please see Part I, Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Results of Operations - Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes" for a reconciliation to effective tax rate, the nearest GAAP equivalent.
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



The effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 differall periods differs from the federal statutory tax rates due to state income taxes, estimated deduction limitations for executive compensation and discrete items. Discrete items comprisedThe Company recorded a $0.3 million discrete provision in the first six months of 2019 related to stock compensation and state tax rate changes while a $0.4 million ofdiscrete benefit was taken in the tax benefit for the first half ofcomparable 2018 and wereperiod primarily related to benefits from energy tax credits that were extended in February 2018 for 2017 closings and, to a lesser extent, an adjustment to the Company's deferred tax asset revaluation required as a result of the federal tax rate cut. The effective tax rates for the three and six months June 30, 2017 differ from the federal statutory tax rates due primarily to state income taxes, offset partially by the benefit from production activities.
Each quarter we assess our deferred tax asset to determine whether all or any portion of the asset is more likely than not unrealizable under ASC 740. We are required to establish a valuation allowance for any portion of the asset we conclude is more likely than not unrealizable. Our assessment considers, among other things, the nature, frequency and severity of prior cumulative losses, forecasts of future taxable income, the duration of statutory carryforward periods, our utilization experience with operating loss and tax credit carryforwards and the planning alternatives, to the extent these items are applicable.
The Company classifies any interest and penalties related to income taxes assessed as part of income tax expense. The Company has concluded that there were no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in its financial statements, nor has the Company been assessed interest or penalties by any major tax jurisdictions related to any open tax periods.
With the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act"), the corporate federal income tax rate dropped from a maximum of 35% to a flat 21% rate effective January 1, 2018. The SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 ("SAB 118"), which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Act and provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the Tax Act enactment date for companies to complete the accounting under ASC 740. In accordance with SAB 118, a company must reflect the income tax effects of those aspects of the Tax Act for which the accounting under ASC 740 is complete. To the extent that a company’s accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act is incomplete but it is able to determine a reasonable estimate, it must record a provisional estimate in the financial statements. If a company cannot determine a provisional estimate to be included in the financial statements, it should continue to apply ASC 740 on the basis of the provisions of the tax laws that were in effect immediately before the enactment of the Tax Act.
As of December 31, 2017, we have completed the majority of our accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Act. As a result of the rate change, the Company was required to revalue its net deferred tax asset at December 31, 2017 and recorded a provisional adjustment to reduce its value by $3.2 million. The provisional amount recorded at December 31, 2017, is subject to revisions as we complete our analysis of the Tax Act, collect and prepare necessary data, and interpret any additional guidance issued by the U.S. Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service, FASB, and other standard-setting and regulatory bodies. During the 2018 first quarter the Company recorded an immaterial adjustment to the provisional amount, and our accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Act will be completed during the one-year measurement period.

credits.

15. Segment Information

The Company’s operations are organized into twothree reportable segments: two homebuilding segments (Arizona and California) and fee building. In determining the most appropriate reportable segments, we considered similar economic and other characteristics, including product types, average selling prices, gross margins, production processes, suppliers, subcontractors, regulatory environments, land acquisition results,position, and underlying demand and supply in accordance with ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting.280. Our California homebuilding reportable segment aggregates the Northern California and Southern California homebuilding operating segments.

Our homebuilding operations acquire and develop land and construct and sell single-family attached and detached
homes. Our fee building operations build homes and manage construction related activities on behalf of third-party property owners and our joint ventures. In addition, our Corporatecorporate operations develop and implement strategic initiatives and support our operating segments by centralizing key administrative functions such as accounting, finance and treasury, information technology, insurance and risk management, litigation, marketing and human resources. A portion of the expenses incurred by Corporatecorporate are allocated to the fee building segment primarily based on its respective percentage of revenues.revenues and to each homebuilding segment based on its respective investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures and real estate inventories balances. The assets of our fee building segment primarily consist of cash, restricted cash and accounts receivable. The majority of our Corporatecorporate personnel and resources are primarily dedicated to activities relating to our homebuilding segment, and, therefore, the balance of any unallocated Corporatecorporate expenses and assets are included inallocated within our homebuilding segment.reportable segments.
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS




The reportable segments follow the same accounting policies as our consolidated financial statements described in Note 1. Operational results of each reportable segment are not necessarily indicative of the results that would have been achieved had the reportable segment been an independent, stand-alone entity during the periods presented.

THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



Financial information relating to reportable segments was as follows:
 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
 (Dollars in thousands)
Revenues:       
Homebuilding$117,460
 $96,929
 $196,897
 $166,335
Fee building, including management fees38,095
 47,181
 81,889
 102,798
Total$155,555
 $144,110
 $278,786
 $269,133
        
Pretax income (loss):       
Homebuilding$(875) $1,223
 $(3,481) $892
Fee building, including management fees1,057
 1,282
 2,152
 2,973
Total$182
 $2,505
 $(1,329) $3,865
 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2019 2018 2019 2018
 (Dollars in thousands)
Homebuilding revenues:       
California$132,830
 $117,460
 $216,162
 $196,897
Arizona7,634
 
 23,488
 
Total homebuilding revenues140,464
 117,460
 239,650
 196,897
Fee building revenues, including management fees22,285
 38,095
 41,947
 81,889
Total revenues$162,749
 $155,555
 $281,597
 $278,786
        
Homebuilding pretax income (loss):       
California$2,846
 $83
 $279
 $(1,818)
Arizona(796) (958) (1,274) (1,663)
Total homebuilding pretax income (loss)2,050
 (875) (995) (3,481)
Fee building pretax income, including management fees515
 1,057
 909
 2,152
Total pretax income (loss)$2,565
 $182
 $(86) $(1,329)
 June 30, December 31,
 2019 2018
 (Dollars in thousands)
Homebuilding assets:   
California$548,223
 $551,807
Arizona95,370
 86,205
Total homebuilding assets643,593
 638,012
Fee building assets7,064
 10,879
Corporate unallocated assets22,600
 47,206
Total assets$673,257
 $696,097
 June 30, December 31,
 2018 2017
 (Dollars in thousands)
Assets:   
Homebuilding$652,444
 $631,087
Fee building13,566
 13,425
Total$666,010
 $644,512


THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS




16. Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information


The following table presents certain supplemental cash flow information:


 Six Months Ended June 30,
 2019 2018
 (Dollars in thousands)
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information   
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized$
 $
Income taxes paid$240
 $7,000

 Six Months Ended June 30,
 2018 2017
 (Dollars in thousands)
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information   
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized$
 $
Income taxes paid$7,000
 $8,750
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash transactions   
Assets assumed from unconsolidated joint ventures$
 $100
Liabilities and equity assumed from unconsolidated joint ventures$
 $1,095
Contribution of real estate to unconsolidated joint ventures$
 $1,013


THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



17. Supplemental Guarantor Information


The Company's 7.25% Senior Notes due 2022 (the "Notes") are guaranteed, on an unsecured basis, jointly and severally, by all of the Company's 100% owned subsidiaries (collectively, the "Guarantors"). The guarantees are full and unconditional. The Indenture governing the Notes provides that the guarantees of a Guarantor will be automatically and unconditionally released and discharged: (1) upon any sale, transfer, exchange or other disposition (by merger, consolidation or otherwise) of all of the equity interests of such Guarantor after which the applicable Guarantor is no longer a "Restricted Subsidiary" (as defined in the Indenture), which sale, transfer, exchange or other disposition is made in compliance with applicable provisions of the Indenture; (2) upon the proper designation of such Guarantor as an "Unrestricted Subsidiary" (as defined in the Indenture), in accordance with the Indenture; (3) upon request of the Company and certification in an officers’ certificate provided to the trustee that the applicable Guarantor has become an "Immaterial Subsidiary" (as defined in the indenture), so long as such Guarantor would not otherwise be required to provide a guarantee pursuant to the Indenture; provided that, if immediately after giving effect to such release the consolidated tangible assets of all Immaterial Subsidiaries that are not Guarantors would exceed 5.0% of consolidated tangible assets, no such release shall occur, (4) if the Company exercises its legal defeasance option or covenant defeasance option under the Indenture or if the obligations of the Company and the Guarantors are discharged in compliance with applicable provisions of the Indenture, upon such exercise or discharge; (5) unless a default has occurred and is continuing, upon the release or discharge of such Guarantor from its guarantee of any indebtedness for borrowed money of the Company and the Guarantors so long as such Guarantor would not then otherwise be required to provide a guarantee pursuant to the Indenture; or (6) upon the full satisfaction of the Company’s obligations under the Indenture; provided that in each case if such Guarantor has incurred any indebtedness in reliance on its status as a Guarantor in compliance with applicable provisions of the Indenture, such Guarantor’s obligations under such indebtedness, as the case may be, so incurred are satisfied in full and discharged or are otherwise permitted to be incurred by a Restricted Subsidiary (other than a Guarantor) in compliance with applicable provisions of the Indenture. The Company has determined that separate, full financial statements of the Guarantors would not be material to investors and, accordingly, supplemental financial information for the guarantors is presented.
    
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEETS
 June 30, 2019
 NWHM Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHM
 (Dollars in thousands)
Assets         
Cash and cash equivalents$4,005
 $44,040
 $179
 $
 $48,224
Restricted cash
 124
 
 
 124
Contracts and accounts receivable8
 16,518
 
 (413) 16,113
Intercompany receivables228,506
 
 
 (228,506) 
Due from affiliates
 218
 
 
 218
Real estate inventories
 541,954
 
 
 541,954
Investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures
 33,637
 
 
 33,637
Investment in subsidiaries370,716
 
 
 (370,716) 
Other assets18,975
 14,003
 12
 (3) 32,987
Total assets$622,210
 $650,494
 $191
 $(599,638) $673,257
          
Liabilities and equity         
Accounts payable$329
 $26,300
 $
 $
 $26,629
Accrued expenses and other liabilities7,723
 25,001
 59
 (408) 32,375
Intercompany payables
 228,506
 
 (228,506) 
Due to affiliates
 8
 
 (8) 
Unsecured revolving credit facility66,000
 
 
 
 66,000
Senior notes, net309,060
 
 
 
 309,060
Total liabilities383,112
 279,815
 59
 (228,922) 434,064
Stockholders' equity239,098
 370,679
 37
 (370,716) 239,098
Non-controlling interest in subsidiary
 
 95
 
 95
Total equity239,098
 370,679
 132
 (370,716) 239,193
Total liabilities and equity$622,210
 $650,494
 $191
 $(599,638) $673,257

 June 30, 2018
 NWHM Inc. Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHM
 (Dollars in thousands)
Assets         
Cash and cash equivalents$38,449
 $52,126
 $183
 $
 $90,758
Restricted cash
 567
 
 
 567
Contracts and accounts receivable12
 21,670
 
 (1,312) 20,370
Intercompany receivables158,687
 
 
 (158,687) 
Due from affiliates
 212
 
 
 212
Real estate inventories
 469,738
 
 
 469,738
Investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures
 58,501
 
 
 58,501
Investment in subsidiaries406,812
 
 
 (406,812) 
Other assets17,030
 8,849
 
 (15) 25,864
Total assets$620,990
 $611,663
 $183
 $(566,826) $666,010
          
Liabilities and equity         
Accounts payable$68
 $28,897
 $13
 $
 $28,978
Accrued expenses and other liabilities7,765
 17,255
 91
 (1,315) 23,796
Intercompany payables
 158,687
 
 (158,687) 
Due to affiliates
 12
 
 (12) 
Unsecured revolving credit facility35,000
 
 
 
 35,000
Senior notes, net319,402
 
 
 
 319,402
Total liabilities362,235
 204,851
 104
 (160,014) 407,176
Stockholders' equity258,755
 406,812
 
 (406,812) 258,755
Non-controlling interest in subsidiary
 
 79
 
 79
Total equity258,755
 406,812
 79
 (406,812) 258,834
Total liabilities and equity$620,990
 $611,663
 $183
 $(566,826) $666,010


    
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS






 December 31, 2018
 NWHM Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHM
 (Dollars in thousands)
Assets         
Cash and cash equivalents$28,877
 $13,249
 $147
 $
 $42,273
Restricted cash
 269
 
 
 269
Contracts and accounts receivable7
 18,926
 
 (668) 18,265
Intercompany receivables192,341
 
 
 (192,341) 
Due from affiliates
 1,218
 
 
 1,218
Real estate inventories
 566,290
 
 
 566,290
Investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures
 34,330
 
 
 34,330
Investment in subsidiaries396,466
 
 
 (396,466) 
Other assets18,643
 14,812
 
 (3) 33,452
Total assets$636,334
 $649,094
 $147
 $(589,478) $696,097
          
Liabilities and equity         
Accounts payable$240
 $39,151
 $
 $
 $39,391
Accrued expenses and other liabilities8,492
 21,129
 71
 (664) 29,028
Intercompany payables
 192,341
 
 (192,341) 
Due to affiliates
 7
 
 (7) 
Unsecured revolving credit facility67,500
 
 
 
 67,500
Senior notes, net320,148
 
 
 
 320,148
Total liabilities396,380
 252,628
 71
 (193,012) 456,067
Stockholders' equity239,954
 396,466
 
 (396,466) 239,954
Non-controlling interest in subsidiary
 
 76
 
 76
Total equity239,954
 396,466
 $76
 (396,466) 240,030
Total liabilities and equity$636,334
 $649,094
 $147
 $(589,478) $696,097































THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


 December 31, 2017
 NWHM Inc. Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHM
 (Dollars in thousands)
Assets         
Cash and cash equivalents$99,586
 $23,772
 $188
 $
 $123,546
Restricted cash
 424
 
 
 424
Contracts and accounts receivable10
 24,238
 
 (1,024) 23,224
Intercompany receivables129,414
 
 
 (129,414) 
Due from affiliates
 1,060
 
 
 1,060
Real estate inventories
 416,143
 
 
 416,143
Investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures
 55,824
 
 
 55,824
Investment in subsidiaries356,443
 
 
 (356,443) 
Other assets8,464
 15,827
 
 
 24,291
Total assets$593,917
 $537,288
 $188
 $(486,881) $644,512
          
Liabilities and equity         
Accounts payable$237
 $23,479
 $6
 $
 $23,722
Accrued expenses and other liabilities11,034
 27,954
 80
 (1,014) 38,054
Intercompany payables
 129,414
 
 (129,414) 
Due to affiliates
 10
 
 (10) 
Senior notes, net318,656
 
 
 
 318,656
Total liabilities329,927
 180,857
 86
 (130,438) 380,432
Stockholders' equity263,990
 356,431
 12
 (356,443) 263,990
Non-controlling interest in subsidiary
 
 90
 
 90
Total equity263,990
 356,431
 $102
 (356,443) 264,080
Total liabilities and equity$593,917
 $537,288
 $188
 $(486,881) $644,512


SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
NWHM Inc. Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHMNWHM Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHM
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues:                  
Home sales$
 $117,460
 $
 $
 $117,460
$
 $140,464
 $
 $
 $140,464
Fee building
 38,095
 
 
 38,095

 22,285
 
 
 22,285

 155,555
 
 
 155,555

 162,749
 
 
 162,749
Cost of Sales:                  
Home sales
 102,680
 (2) 
 102,678

 123,582
 (57) 
 123,525
Fee building
 37,038
 
 
 37,038

 21,770
 
 
 21,770

 139,718
 (2) 
 139,716

 145,352
 (57) 
 145,295
                  
Gross Margin:                  
Home sales
 14,780
 2
 
 14,782

 16,882
 57
 
 16,939
Fee building
 1,057
 
 
 1,057

 515
 
 
 515

 15,837
 2
 
 15,839

 17,397
 57
 
 17,454
Selling and marketing expenses
 (9,466) 
 
 (9,466)
 (9,683) 
 
 (9,683)
General and administrative expenses305
 (6,281) (3) 
 (5,979)617
 (6,458) 
 
 (5,841)
Equity in net loss of unconsolidated joint ventures
 (120) 
 
 (120)
Equity in net loss of subsidiaries(58) 
 
 58
 
Equity in net income of unconsolidated joint ventures
 185
 
 
 185
Equity in net income of subsidiaries1,087
 
 
 (1,087) 
Gain on early extinguishment of debt552
 
 
 
 552
Other income (expense), net(35) (57) 
 
 (92)(106) 4
 
 
 (102)
Pretax income (loss)212
 (87) (1) 58
 182
(Provision) benefit for income taxes(97) 30
 
 
 (67)
Net income (loss)115
 (57) (1) 58
 115
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in subsidiary
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$115
 $(57) $(1) $58
 $115
Pretax income2,150
 1,445
 57
 (1,087) 2,565
Provision for income taxes(578) (396) 
 
 (974)
Net income1,572
 1,049
 57
 (1,087) 1,591
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in subsidiary
 
 (19) 
 (19)
Net income attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$1,572
 $1,049
 $38
 $(1,087) $1,572

    
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS






Three Months Ended June 30, 2017Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
NWHM Inc. Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHMNWHM Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHM
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues:                  
Home sales$
 $96,929
 $
 $
 $96,929
$
 $117,460
 $
 $
 $117,460
Fee building
 47,181
 
 
 47,181

 38,095
 
 
 38,095

 144,110
 
 
 144,110

 155,555
 
 
 155,555
Cost of Sales:                  
Home sales
 82,488
 
 
 82,488

 102,680
 (2) 
 102,678
Home sales impairments
 1,300
 
 
 1,300
Fee building595
 45,304
 
 
 45,899

 37,038
 
 
 37,038
595
 129,092
 
 
 129,687

 139,718
 (2) 
 139,716
                  
Gross Margin:                  
Home sales
 13,141
 
 
 13,141

 14,780
 2
 
 14,782
Fee building(595) 1,877
 
 
 1,282

 1,057
 
 
 1,057
(595) 15,018
 
 
 14,423

 15,837
 2
 
 15,839
Selling and marketing expenses
 (6,376) 
 
 (6,376)
 (9,466) 
 
 (9,466)
General and administrative expenses(375) (5,220) 
 
 (5,595)305
 (6,281) (3) 
 (5,979)
Equity in net income of unconsolidated joint ventures
 201
 
 
 201
Equity in net income of subsidiaries2,022
 
 
 (2,022) 
Equity in net loss of unconsolidated joint ventures
 (120) 
 
 (120)
Equity in net loss of subsidiaries(58) 
 
 58
 
Other income (expense), net26
 (174) 
 
 (148)(35) (57) 
 
 (92)
Pretax income (loss)1,078
 3,449
 
 (2,022) 2,505
212
 (87) (1) 58
 182
Benefit (provision) for income taxes439
 (1,427) 
 
 (988)
Net income1,517
 2,022
 
 (2,022) 1,517
(Provision) benefit for income taxes(97) 30
 
 
 (67)
Net income (loss)115
 (57) (1) 58
 115
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in subsidiary
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$1,517
 $2,022
 $
 $(2,022) $1,517
Net income (loss) attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$115
 $(57) $(1) $58
 $115
 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 NWHM Inc. Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHM
 (Dollars in thousands)
Revenues:         
Home sales$
 $196,897
 $
 $
 $196,897
Fee building
 81,889
 
 
 81,889
 
 278,786
 
 
 278,786
Cost of Sales:         
Home sales
 172,350
 22
 
 172,372
Fee building
 79,737
 
 
 79,737
 
 252,087
 22
 
 252,109
          
Gross Margin:         
Home sales
 24,547
 (22) 
 24,525
Fee building
 2,152
 
 
 2,152
 
 26,699
 (22) 
 26,677
Selling and marketing expenses
 (16,105) 
 
 (16,105)
General and administrative expenses(801) (11,194) (3) 
 (11,998)
Equity in net income of unconsolidated joint ventures
 215
 
 
 215
Equity in net loss of subsidiaries(176) 
 
 176
 
Other income (expense), net76
 (194) 
 
 (118)
Pretax income (loss)(901) (579) (25) 176
 (1,329)
Benefit for income taxes376
 417
 
 
 793
Net income (loss)(525) (162) (25) 176
 (536)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in subsidiary
 
 11
 
 11
Net income (loss) attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$(525) $(162) $(14) $176
 $(525)

    
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS






Six Months Ended June 30, 2017Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
NWHM Inc. Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHMNWHM Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHM
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues:                  
Home sales$
 $166,335
 $
 $
 $166,335
$
 $239,650
 $
 $
 $239,650
Fee building
 102,798
 
 
 102,798

 41,947
 
 
 41,947

 269,133
 
 
 269,133

 281,597
 
 
 281,597
Cost of Sales:                  
Home sales
 142,522
 31
 
 142,553

 210,151
 (57) 
 210,094
Home sales impairments
 1,300
 
 
 1,300
Fee building1,085
 98,740
 
 
 99,825

 41,038
 
 
 41,038
1,085
 242,562
 31
 
 243,678

 251,189
 (57) 
 251,132
                  
Gross Margin:                  
Home sales
 22,513
 (31) 
 22,482

 29,499
 57
 
 29,556
Fee building(1,085) 4,058
 
 
 2,973

 909
 
 
 909
(1,085) 26,571
 (31) 
 25,455

 30,408
 57
 
 30,465
Selling and marketing expenses
 (11,377) 
 
 (11,377)
 (18,362) 
 
 (18,362)
General and administrative expenses(1,154) (9,531) 
 
 (10,685)51
 (13,283) 
 
 (13,232)
Equity in net income of unconsolidated joint ventures
 507
 
 
 507

 369
 
 
 369
Equity in net income of subsidiaries3,694
 
 
 (3,694) 
Equity in net loss of subsidiaries(625) 
 
 625
 
Gain on early extinguishment of debt969
 
 
 
 969
Other income (expense), net44
 (79) 
 
 (35)(168) (127) 
 
 (295)
Pretax income (loss)1,499
 6,091
 (31) (3,694) 3,865
227
 (995) 57
 625
 (86)
Benefit (provision) for income taxes864
 (2,376) 
 
 (1,512)
(Provision) benefit for income taxes(642) 332
 
 
 (310)
Net income (loss)2,363
 3,715
 (31) (3,694) 2,353
(415) (663) 57
 625
 (396)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in subsidiary
 
 10
 
 10
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in subsidiary
 
 (19) 
 (19)
Net income (loss) attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$2,363
 $3,715
 $(21) $(3,694) $2,363
$(415) $(663) $38
 $625
 $(415)


    
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS






 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 NWHM Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHM
 (Dollars in thousands)
Revenues:         
Home sales$
 $196,897
 $
 $
 $196,897
Fee building
 81,889
 
 
 81,889
 
 278,786
 
 
 278,786
Cost of Sales:         
Home sales
 172,350
 22
 
 172,372
Fee building
 79,737
 
 
 79,737
 
 252,087
 22
 
 252,109
          
Gross Margin:         
Home sales
 24,547
 (22) 
 24,525
Fee building
 2,152
 
 
 2,152
 
 26,699
 (22) 
 26,677
Selling and marketing expenses
 (16,105) 
 
 (16,105)
General and administrative expenses(801) (11,194) (3) 
 (11,998)
Equity in net income of unconsolidated joint ventures
 215
 
 
 215
Equity in net loss of subsidiaries(176) 
 
 176
 
Other income (expense), net76
 (194) 
 
 (118)
Pretax loss(901) (579) (25) 176
 (1,329)
Benefit for income taxes376
 417
 
 
 793
Net loss(525) (162) (25) 176
 (536)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest in subsidiary
 
 11
 
 11
Net loss attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$(525) $(162) $(14) $176
 $(525)

THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
NWHM Inc. Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHMNWHM Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHM
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Net cash used in operating activities$(39,156) $(22,349) $(5) $
 $(61,510)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities$(36,110) $54,970
 $32
 $
 $18,892
Investing activities:                  
Purchases of property and equipment(22) (162) 
 
 (184)(1) (7) 
 
 (8)
Contributions and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures
 (8,954) 
 
 (8,954)
 (4,120) 
 
 (4,120)
Contributions to subsidiaries from corporate(103,885) 
 
 103,885
 
(66,575) 
 
 66,575
 
Distributions of capital from subsidiaries49,975
 
 
 (49,975) 
91,700
 
 
 (91,700) 
Distributions of capital and repayment of advances from unconsolidated joint ventures
 5,874
 
 
 5,874

 4,928
 
 
 4,928
Interest collected on advances to unconsolidated joint ventures$
 $178
 $
 $
 $178
Net cash used in investing activities$(53,932) $(3,064) $
 $53,910
 $(3,086)
Net cash provided by investing activities$25,124
 $801
 $
 $(25,125) $800
Financing activities:                  
Borrowings from credit facility35,000
 
 
 
 35,000
40,000
 
 
 
 40,000
Repayments of credit facility(41,500) 
 
 
 (41,500)
Repurchase of senior notes(10,856) 
 
 
 (10,856)
Contributions to subsidiaries from corporate
 103,885
 
 (103,885) 

 66,575
 
 (66,575) 
Distributions to corporate from subsidiaries
 (49,975) 
 49,975
 

 (91,700) 
 91,700
 
Repurchases of common stock(2,072) 
 
 
 (2,072)(1,042) 
 
 
 (1,042)
Tax withholding paid on behalf of employees for stock awards(977) 
 
 
 (977)(488) 
 
 
 (488)
Net cash provided by financing activities$31,951
 $53,910
 $
 $(53,910) $31,951
Net cash used in financing activities$(13,886) $(25,125) $
 $25,125
 $(13,886)
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(61,137) 28,497
 (5) 
 (32,645)(24,872) 30,646
 32
 
 5,806
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – beginning of period99,586
 24,196
 188
 
 123,970
28,877
 13,518
 147
 
 42,542
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – end of period$38,449
 $52,693
 $183
 $
 $91,325
$4,005
 $44,164
 $179
 $
 $48,348


    
THE NEW HOME COMPANY INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS






 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 NWHM Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHM
 (Dollars in thousands)
Net cash used in operating activities$(39,156) $(22,349) $(5) $
 $(61,510)
Investing activities:         
Purchases of property and equipment(22) (162) 
 
 (184)
Contributions and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures
 (8,954) 
 
 (8,954)
Contributions to subsidiaries from corporate(103,885) 
 
 103,885
 
Distributions of capital from subsidiaries49,975
 
 
 (49,975) 
Distributions of capital and repayment of advances from unconsolidated
joint ventures

 5,874
 
 
 5,874
Interest collected on advances to unconsolidated joint ventures
 178
 
 
 178
Net cash used in investing activities$(53,932) $(3,064) $
 $53,910
 $(3,086)
Financing activities:         
Borrowings from credit facility35,000
 
 
 
 35,000
Contributions to subsidiaries from corporate
 103,885
 
 (103,885) 
Distributions to corporate from subsidiaries
 (49,975) 
 49,975
 
Repurchases of common stock(2,072) 
 
 
 (2,072)
Tax withholding paid on behalf of employees for stock awards(977) 
 
 
 (977)
Net cash provided by financing activities$31,951
 $53,910
 $
 $(53,910) $31,951
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(61,137) 28,497
 (5) 
 (32,645)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – beginning of period99,586
 24,196
 188
 
 123,970
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – end of period$38,449
 $52,693
 $183
 $
 $91,325



 Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
 NWHM Inc. Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments Consolidated NWHM
 (Dollars in thousands)
Net cash used in operating activities$(21,176) $(49,799) $(47) $(886) $(71,908)
Investing activities:         
Purchases of property and equipment(40) (55) 
 
 (95)
Cash assumed from joint venture at consolidation
 995
 
 
 995
Contributions and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures
 (8,517) 
 
 (8,517)
Contributions to subsidiaries from corporate(94,035) 
 
 94,035
 
Distributions of capital from subsidiaries19,880
 
 
 (19,880) 
Distributions of capital and repayment of advances from unconsolidated joint ventures
 2,948
 
 
 2,948
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities$(74,195) $(4,629) $
 $74,155
 $(4,669)
Financing activities:         
Borrowings from credit facility72,000
 
 
 
 72,000
Repayments of credit facility(190,000) 
 
 
 (190,000)
Proceeds from senior notes324,465
 
 
 
 324,465
Payment of debt issuance costs(6,440) 
 
 
 (6,440)
Contributions to subsidiaries from corporate
 94,035
 
 (94,035) 
Distributions to corporate from subsidiaries
 (20,766) 
 20,766
 
Tax withholding paid on behalf of employees for stock awards(584) 
 
 
 (584)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options$102
 $
 $
 $
 102
Net cash provided by financing activities$199,543
 $73,269
 $
 $(73,269) $199,543
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash104,172
 18,841
 (47) 
 122,966
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – beginning of period16,385
 14,427
 269
 
 31,081
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – end of period$120,557
 $33,268
 $222
 $
 $154,047




Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations


CAUTIONARY NOTE CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS


This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act") and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). All statements contained in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, our business strategy and plans, and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are frequently accompanied by words such as "believe," "may," "will," "estimate," "continue," "anticipate," "intend," "expect," "goal," "plan," "could," "can," "might," "should," and similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs.


These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, including those described in Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" and Part II, Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20172018 and Part I, Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and Part II, Item 1A "Risk Factors" of this quarterly report on 10-Q. The following factors, among others, may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements:
 
Risks related to our business, including among other things:
our geographic concentration primarily in California;
the cyclical nature of the homebuilding industry which is affected by general economic real estate and other business conditions;
availability of land to acquire and our ability to acquire such land on favorable terms or at all;
shortages of or increased prices for labor, land or raw materials used in housing construction;
availability and skill of subcontractors at reasonable rates;
employment-related liabilities with respect to our contractors' employees;
the illiquid nature of real estate investments;
the degree and nature of our competition;
delays in the development of communities;
increases in our cancellation rate;
a large proportion of our fee building revenue being dependent upon one customer;
construction defect product liability, warranty, and warrantypersonal injury claims, including the cost and availability of insurance;
increased costs, delays in land development or home construction and reduced consumer demand resulting from adverse weather conditions or other events outside our control;
increased cost and reduced consumer demand resulting from power, water and other natural resource shortages or price increases;
because of the seasonal nature of our business, our quarterly operating results fluctuate;
we may be unable to obtain suitable bonding for the development of our housing projects;
inflation could adversely affect our business and financial results;
a major health and safety incident relating to our business could be costly in terms of potential liabilities and reputational damage;
negative publicity or poor relations with the residents of our communities could negatively impact sales, which could cause our revenues or results of operations to decline;
information systems interruption or breach in security;
we may incur a varietyinefficient or ineffective allocation of costscapital could adversely affect or operations and/or stockholder value if expected benefits are not realized;
our ability to engage in future growth or expansion ofexecute our operations or acquisitions of businesses, and the anticipated benefits may never be realized;business strategies is uncertain;
a reduction in our sales absorption levels may force us to incur and absorb additional community-level costs;
future terrorist attacks against the United States or increased domestic or international instability could have an adverse effect on our operations;


Risks related to laws and regulations, including among other things:
mortgage financing, as well as our customer’s ability to obtain such financing, interest rate increases or changes in federal lending programs;


changes in tax laws can increase the after taxafter-tax cost of owning a home, and further tax law changes or government fees could adversely affect demand for the homes we build, increase our costs, or negatively affect our operating results;
new and existing laws and regulations, including environmental laws and regulations, or other governmental actions may increase our expenses, limit the number of homes that we can build or delay the completion of our projects;
legislation relating to energy and climate change could increase our costs to construct homes;
Risks related to financing and indebtedness, including among other things:
difficulty in obtaining sufficient capital could prevent us from acquiring land for our developments or increase costs and delays in the completion of our development projects;
our level of indebtedness may adversely affect our financial position and prevent us from fulfilling our debt obligations, and we may incur additional debt in the future;
the significant amount and illiquid nature of our joint venture partnerships, in which we have less than a controlling interest;
our current financing arrangements contain and our future financing arrangements will likely contain restrictive covenants related to our operations;
a breach of the covenants under the Indenture or any of the other agreements governing our indebtedness could result in an event of default under the Indenture or other such agreements;
potential future downgrades of our credit ratings could adversely affect our access to capital and could otherwise have a material adverse effect on us;
interest expense on debt we incur may limit our cash available to fund our growth strategies;
we may be unable to repurchase the Notes upon a change of control as required by the Indenture;
Risks related to our organization and structure, including among other things:
our dependence on our key personnel;
the potential costly impact termination of employment agreements with members of our management that may prevent a change in control of the Company;
our charter and bylaws could prevent a third party from acquiring us or limit the price that investors might be willing to pay for shares of our common stock;
the obligations associated with being a public company require significant resources and management attention;
that we are eligible to take advantage of reduced disclosure and governance requirements because of our status as an emerging growth company with a limited operating history;and smaller reporting company;
Risks related to ownership of our common stock, including among other things:
the price of our common stock is subject to volatility and our trading volume is relatively low;
if securities or industry analysts do not publish, or cease publishing, research or reports about us, our business or our market, or if they change their recommendations regarding our common stock adversely, our stock price and trading volume could decline;
we do not intend to pay dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future;
certain stockholders have rights to cause our Company to undertake securities offerings;
our senior notes rank senior to our common stock upon bankruptcy or liquidation;
certain large stockholders own a significant percentage of our shares and exert significant influence over us;
Non-U.S.there is no assurance that the existence of a stock repurchase plan will enhance shareholder value;
non-U.S. holders of our common stock may be subject to United States income tax on gain realized on the sale of disposition of such shares.


Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the future events and trends discussed in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.
The forward-looking statements in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q speak only as of the date of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, and we undertake no obligation to revise or publicly release any revision to these forward-looking statements,


except as required by law. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.


Non-GAAP Measures


This quarterly report on Form 10-Q includes certain non-GAAP measures, including homebuilding gross margin before impairments (or home sales gross margin before impairments), homebuilding gross margin percentage before impairments, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin percentage, the ratio of Adjusted EBITDA to total interest incurred, net debt, the ratio of net debt-to-capital, general and administrative costs excluding severance charges, general and administrative costs excluding severance charges as a percentage of home sales revenue, selling, marketing and general and administrative costs excluding severance charges, selling, marketing and general and administrative costs excluding severance charges as a percentage of home sales revenue, adjusted homebuilding gross margin (or homebuilding gross margin before impairments and interest


in cost of home sales), and adjusted homebuilding gross margin percentage and effective tax rate before discrete items.percentage.  For a reconciliation of homebuilding gross margin before impairments (or home sales gross margin before impairments), homebuilding gross margin percentage before impairments, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin percentage, and the ratio of Adjusted EBITDA to total interest incurred to the comparable GAAP measures please see Part I, Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations -"-- Selected Financial Information." For a reconciliation of net debt and ratio of net debt-to-capital to the comparable GAAP measures, please see Part I, Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations -"-- Liquidity and Capital Resources - Debt-to-Capital Ratios." For a reconciliation of general and administrative costs excluding severance charges, general and administrative expenses excluding severance charges as a percentage of homes sales revenue, selling, marketing and general and administrative expenses excluding severance charges and selling, marketing and general and administrative expenses excluding severance charges as a percentage of home sales revenue, please see "-- Results of Operations - Selling, General and Administrative Expenses." For a reconciliation of adjusted homebuilding gross margin (or homebuilding gross margin excluding impairments andbefore interest in cost of home sales) and adjusted homebuilding gross margin percentage to the comparable GAAP measures please see Part I, Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations -"-- Results of Operations - Homebuilding Gross Margin." For a reconciliation of the effective tax rate before discrete items to the comparable GAAP measure please see Part I, Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Results of Operations - Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes."




Selected Financial Information


 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
 (Dollars in thousands)
Revenues:       
Home sales$117,460
 $96,929
 $196,897
 $166,335
Fee building, including management fees from unconsolidated joint ventures of $672, $1,217, $1,652 and $2,431, respectively38,095
 47,181
 81,889
 102,798
 155,555
 144,110
 278,786
 269,133
Cost of Sales:       
Home sales102,678
 82,488
 172,372
 142,553
Home sales impairments
 1,300
 
 1,300
Fee building37,038
 45,899
 79,737
 99,825
 139,716
 129,687
 252,109
 243,678
Gross Margin:       
Home sales14,782
 13,141
 24,525
 22,482
Fee building1,057
 1,282
 2,152
 2,973
 15,839
 14,423
 26,677
 25,455
        
Home sales gross margin12.6% 13.6% 12.5% 13.5%
Home sales gross margin before impairments(1)
12.6% 14.9% 12.5% 14.3%
Fee building gross margin2.8% 2.7% 2.6% 2.9%
        
Selling and marketing expenses(9,466) (6,376) (16,105) (11,377)
General and administrative expenses(5,979) (5,595) (11,998) (10,685)
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures(120) 201
 215
 507
Other income (expense), net(92) (148) (118) (35)
Pretax income (loss)182
 2,505
 (1,329) 3,865
(Provision) benefit for income taxes(67) (988) 793
 (1,512)
Net income (loss)115
 1,517
 (536) 2,353
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest
 
 11
 10
Net income (loss) attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$115
 $1,517
 $(525) $2,363
        
Interest incurred$6,612
 $6,401
 $13,328
 $8,437
Adjusted EBITDA(2)
$6,564
 $6,304
 $10,127
 $11,265
Adjusted EBITDA margin percentage(2)
4.2% 4.4% 3.6% 4.2%
        
     
LTM(3) Ended June 30,
     2018 2017
Interest incurred    $26,869
 $12,951
Adjusted EBITDA(2)
    $49,007
 $50,393
Adjusted EBITDA margin percentage (2)
    6.4% 6.5%
Ratio of Adjusted EBITDA to total interest incurred (2)
    1.8x
 3.9x



 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2019 2018 2019 2018
 (Dollars in thousands)
Revenues:       
Home sales$140,464
 $117,460
 $239,650
 $196,897
Fee building, including management fees from unconsolidated joint ventures of $619, $672, $1,162 and $1,652, respectively22,285
 38,095
 41,947
 81,889
 162,749
 155,555
 281,597
 278,786
Cost of Sales:       
Home sales123,525
 102,678
 210,094
 172,372
Fee building21,770
 37,038
 41,038
 79,737
 145,295
 139,716
 251,132
 252,109
Gross Margin:       
Home sales16,939
 14,782
 29,556
 24,525
Fee building515
 1,057
 909
 2,152
 17,454
 15,839
 30,465
 26,677
        
Home sales gross margin12.1% 12.6% 12.3% 12.5%
Fee building gross margin2.3% 2.8% 2.2% 2.6%
        
Selling and marketing expenses(9,683) (9,466) (18,362) (16,105)
General and administrative expenses(5,841) (5,979) (13,232) (11,998)
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures185
 (120) 369
 215
Gain on early extinguishment of debt552
 
 969
 
Other income (expense), net(102) (92) (295) (118)
Pretax income (loss)2,565
 182
 (86) (1,329)
(Provision) benefit for income taxes(974) (67) (310) 793
Net income (loss)1,591
 115
 (396) (536)
Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interest(19) 
 (19) 11
Net income (loss) attributable to The New Home Company Inc.$1,572
 $115
 $(415) $(525)
        
Interest incurred$7,606
 $6,612
 $15,367
 $13,328
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
$11,119
 $6,564
 $18,025
 $10,127
Adjusted EBITDA margin percentage(1)
6.8% 4.2% 6.4% 3.6%
        
     
LTM(2) Ended June 30,
     2019 2018
Interest incurred    $30,416
 $26,869
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
    $47,796
 $49,007
Adjusted EBITDA margin percentage (1)
    7.1% 6.4%
Ratio of Adjusted EBITDA to total interest incurred (1)
    1.6x
 1.8x
 


(1)Home sales gross margin before impairments (also referred to as homebuilding gross margin before impairments) is a non-GAAP measure. The table below reconciles this non-GAAP financial measure to homebuilding gross margin, the nearest GAAP equivalent.
 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2018 % 2017 % 2018 % 2017 %
 (Dollars in thousands)
Home sales revenue$117,460
 100.0% $96,929
 100.0% $196,897
 100.0% $166,335
 100.0%
Cost of home sales102,678
 87.4% 83,788
 86.4% 172,372
 87.5% 143,853
 86.5%
Homebuilding gross margin14,782
 12.6% 13,141
 13.6% 24,525
 12.5% 22,482
 13.5%
Add: Home sales impairments
 % 1,300
 1.3% 
 % 1,300
 0.8%
Homebuilding gross margin before impairments$14,782
 12.6% $14,441
 14.9% $24,525
 12.5% $23,782
 14.3%

(2)Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin percentage and ratio of Adjusted EBITDA to total interest incurred are non-GAAP measures. Adjusted EBITDA margin percentage is calculated as a percentage of total revenue. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA, which is a non-GAAP measure, assists investors in understanding and comparing the operating characteristics of homebuilding activities by eliminating many of the differences in companies' respective capitalization, interest costs, tax position, inventory impairments and inventory impairments.other non-recurring items. Due to the significance of the GAAP components excluded, Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered in isolation or as an alternative to net income (loss), cash flows from operations or any other performance measure prescribed by GAAP. The table below reconciles net income (loss), calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, to Adjusted EBITDA.
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 
LTM(2) Ended
June 30,
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 
LTM(2) Ended
June 30,
2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 20172019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Net income (loss)$115
 $1,517
 $(536) $2,353
 $14,252
 $21,704
$1,591
 $115
 $(396) $(536) $(14,090) $14,252
Add:                      
Interest amortized to cost of sales and equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures3,768
 1,720
 6,563
 3,271
 14,349
 6,891
6,349
 3,768
 11,232
 6,563
 24,577
 14,349
Provision (benefit) for income taxes67
 988
 (793) 1,512
 13,085
 13,283
974
 67
 310
 (793) (4,972) 13,085
Depreciation and amortization1,624
 113
 2,646
 236
 2,859
 496
2,386
 1,624
 5,042
 2,646
 9,027
 2,859
Amortization of equity-based compensation862
 695
 1,704
 1,306
 3,201
 3,035
Amortization of stock-based compensation523
 862
 1,089
 1,704
 2,475
 3,201
Cash distributions of income from unconsolidated joint ventures
 
 715
 1,588
 715
 4,235
19
 
 279
 715
 279
 715
Noncash impairments and abandonments8
 1,472
 43
 1,506
 1,120
 5,257
Severance charges
 
 1,788
 
 1,788
 
Noncash inventory impairments and abandonments14
 8
 19
 43
 10,182
 1,120
Less:                      
Gain from notes payable principal reduction
 
 
 
 
 (250)
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures120
 (201) (215) (507) (574) (4,258)
Gain on early extinguishment of debt(552) 
 (969) 
 (969) 
Equity in net (income) loss of unconsolidated joint ventures(185) 120
 (369) (215) 19,499
 (574)
Adjusted EBITDA$6,564
 $6,304
 $10,127
 $11,265
 $49,007
 $50,393
$11,119
 $6,564
 $18,025
 $10,127
 $47,796
 $49,007
Total Revenue$155,555
 $144,110
 $278,786
 $269,133
 $760,819
 $769,485
$162,749
 $155,555
 $281,597
 $278,786
 $670,377
 $760,819
Adjusted EBITDA margin percentage4.2% 4.4% 3.6% 4.2% 6.4% 6.5%6.8% 4.2% 6.4% 3.6% 7.1% 6.4%
Interest incurred$6,612
 $6,401
 $13,328
 $8,437
 $26,869
 $12,951
$7,606
 $6,612
 $15,367
 $13,328
 $30,416
 $26,869
Ratio of Adjusted LTM(3) EBITDA to total interest incurred
      

 1.8x
 3.9x
Ratio of Adjusted LTM(2) EBITDA to total interest incurred
      

 1.6x 1.8x


(3)"LTM" indicates amounts for the trailing 12 months.

(2) "LTM" indicates amounts for the trailing 12 months.







Overview


The Company continued to make progress with its growth strategy to expand its offerings to include more affordably priced product and grow its community count. Net new home orders were up 98% duringDuring the 20182019 second quarter, the Company enjoyed both top and bottom-line growth and made significant progress towards reducing our leverage and strengthening our balance sheet. Home sales revenue increased 20% year-over-year from 56% more home deliveries, and our pretax income was up meaningfully over the prior year period as a resultat $2.6 million versus $0.2 million. In addition, we repurchased $7.0 million of a 100% increase in average active selling communities. Also, contributing to the order growth were three new communities that openedsenior notes during the quarter, including our first community located in the Inland Empire in Southern California,which when combined with a market we expect to grow into a meaningful partnet $18.0 million pay down of our business, andrevolving credit facility, contributed to a 240 basis point sequential decrease in our second wholly owned Arizona community locatednet debt-to-capital ratio to 57.7%*.

We experienced solid sequential improvement in Gilbert, AZ. Ending community count forour sales absorption pace across all markets, with the 20182019 second quarter rose 122% to 20 communities compared to nine communities a year ago. The increase in orders from our wider portfolio of communities drove a 66% increase in ending backlog unitsmonthly absorption rate up 41% over the 2019 first quarter at June 30, 2018 as compared to June 30, 2017.

During the 2018 second quarter, the Company continued to see the impact of the product mix shift resulting from the Company's strategic broadening of its portfolio to include more affordably-priced product. As anticipated with this change, the average selling price of homes delivered and of homes in backlog for the 2018 second quarter declined 20% and 48%, respectively, from the prior year period. The reduction in the average selling price of homes delivered was more than offset by a 52% increase in homes delivered,2.4 sales per community, resulting in a 21%38% sequential increase in homenet new orders. We also continued to recognize benefits from our strategic repositioning to more affordable product as sales revenues duringfrom these communities represented a higher proportion of our 2019 second quarter net new orders and an absorption pace higher than the 2018 second quarter. The decline in average selling price of homes in backlog at June 30, 2018 from the product mix shift drove a 14% decrease in backlog dollar value.companywide average.


As a result of these activities,Net income attributable to the Company generated net income of $0.1for the 2019 second quarter was $1.6 million, or $0.01$0.08 per diluted share, compared to net income of $1.5$0.1 million, or $0.07$0.01 per diluted share, in the prior year period. The year-over-year decreaseincrease in net income was largely dueprimarily attributable to a 14020% increase in homebuilding revenue, a 200 basis point improvement in our SG&A rate, a $0.3 million increase in sellingjoint venture income, and marketing expenses as a percentage$0.6 million gain on early extinguishment of home sales revenue,debt. These items were partially offset by a 10050 basis point decline in home sales gross margin,margins and a decrease inlower fee building revenuesgross margin due to lower fee construction activity.

We continue to take steps to lower our cost structure, strengthen our balance sheet, pursue opportunities to reduce our leverage and joint venture income. These items were partially offset by a 21% increase in home sales revenue and a 70 basis point decrease in general and administrative expenses as a percentage of homes sales revenue.
Continued investment in California and Arizona, where housing fundamentals were solid, drove wholly owned lot count up 77% year-over-year at June 30, 2018.thoughtfully allocate resources to best position the Company for long-term success. The Company ended the quarter with $91$48.2 million in cash and cash equivalents $354.4and $375.1 million in debt, of which $35.0$66.0 million was outstanding under its $200 million revolving credit facility, afacility. As of June 30, 2019 the Company's debt-to-capital ratio of 57.8%,was 61.1% and aits net debt-to-capital ratio of 50.4%was 57.7%*. The 2018 second quarter also marked, a 240 basis point sequential improvement from the Company's initial repurchases of common stock under its previously announced stock repurchase plan. The Company repurchased 205,240 shares of common stock for approximately $2.1 million, or an average price of $10.08 per share.2019 first quarter.


*Net debt-to-capital ratio is a non-GAAP measure. For a reconciliation of net debt-to-capital to the appropriate GAAP measure, please see Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations -"-- Liquidity and Capital Resources - Debt-to-Capital Ratios."








Results of Operations
Net New Home Orders
Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 Increase/(Decrease) Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 Increase/(Decrease)Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 Increase/(Decrease) Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 Increase/(Decrease)
2018 2017 Amount % 2018 2017 Amount %2019 2018 Amount % 2019 2018 Amount %
  
Net new home orders:                              
Southern California104
 44
 60
 136 % 173
 100
 73
 73%90
 104
 (14) (13)% 148
 173
 (25) (14)%
Northern California77
 54
 23
 43 % 147
 124
 23
 19%53
 77
 (24) (31)% 98
 147
 (49) (33)%
Arizona13
 
 13
 NA
 15
 
 15
 NA
11
 13
 (2) (15)% 20
 15
 5
 33 %
Total net new home orders194
 98
 96
 98 %
335

224
 111
 50%154
 194
 (40) (21)%
266

335
 (69) (21)%
                              
Selling communities at end of period:Selling communities at end of period:            Selling communities at end of period:            
Southern California    

 

 11
 6
 5
 83%    

 

 11
 11
 
  %
Northern California    

 

 7
 3
 4
 133%    

 

 7
 7
 
  %
Arizona        2
 
 2
 NA
        2
 2
 
  %
Total selling communitiesTotal selling communities 

   20
 9
 11
 122%Total selling communities 

   20
 20
 
  %
                              
Average selling communities20
 10
 10
 100 % 19
 13
 6
 46%
Monthly sales absorption rate per community(1)
3.2
 3.3
 (0.1) (3)% 3.0
 3.0
 
 %
Monthly sales absorption rate per community: (1)
Monthly sales absorption rate per community: (1)
            
Southern California2.5
 3.1
 (0.6) (19)% 2.0
 2.7
 (0.7) (26)%
Northern California2.3
 3.7
 (1.4) (38)% 2.2
 3.6
 (1.4) (39)%
Arizona1.8
 2.2
 (0.4) (18)% 1.7
 2.1
 (0.4) (19)%
Total monthly sales absorption rate per community (1)
2.4
 3.2
 (0.8) (25)% 2.0
 3.0
 (1.0) (33)%
               
Average selling communities:Average selling communities:            
Southern California12
 11
 1
 9 % 12
 11
 1
 9 %
Northern California8
 7
 1
 14 % 8
 7
 1
 14 %
Arizona2
 2
 
  % 2
 1
 1
 100 %
Total average selling communities22
 20
 2
 10 % 22
 19
 3
 16 %
               
Cancellation rate6% 10% (4)% NA
 6% 8% (2)% NA
11% 6% 5% NA
 12% 6% 6% NA
 


(1) Monthly sales absorption represents the number of net new home orders divided by the number of average selling communities for the period.


Net new home orders for the 20182019 second quarter increased 98%decreased 21% primarily as compared to the same period in 2017 as a result of a 100% increase in average selling communities, offset by a slight decrease25% decline in the monthly sales absorption rate. The decrease in monthly absorption rates was due to weaker buyer demand compared to the prior year, however, the 2019 second quarter monthly sales absorption pace improved 41% sequentially over the 2019 first quarter. A 10% year-over-year increase in average selling communities partially offset the slower sales pace in the 2019 second quarter, however, community closeouts late in the 2019 second quarter resulted in an ending community count of 20, flat with the prior year.

Demand for the 2019 second quarter was strongest in NorthernSouthern California with a monthly absorption rate of 2.5 driven by stronger order activity at more affordably priced communities, including a high number of initial sales at a new community of attached court homes located within the Inland Empire. Overall, the Southern California market has experienced a slowdown compared to the prior year due to a run up in home prices and a decrease in demand from foreign national buyers, which contributed to our 19% year-over-year decrease in monthly sales of 3.7 per community forpace in this market. Additionally, the Company's Southern California monthly absorption rate benefited during the 2018 second quarter largely attributable to strongfrom two newly-opened communities that experienced solid initial order activity in two Bay Area communities. Southernactivity. Northern California saw an increaseexperienced a 38% decline in its monthly sales absorption rate to 3.1 sales per community infor the 20182019 second quarter comparedprimarily related to 2.8slower demand at our Bay Area communities due to buyer affordability constraints and because sale pace was strongest in the 2017 period. The improvement was primarily attributable to an increase in more affordable product that generally sells at a faster pace than higher-priced product. Arizona contributed 2.2 sales per monththis region in the 2018 second quarter.



Net new home orders for the six months ended June 30, 2018 were up 50%2019 decreased 21% as compared to the 2017same period resulting largely fromin 2018 primarily as a 46%result of a 33% decline in the monthly sales absorption rate due to weaker buyer demand. A 16% increase in average selling communities from 13 to 19. Buyer demandpartially offset the slower sales pace for the first half of 2018 was solid with a year-to-date monthly absorption rate of 3.0, consistent with the prior period. Monthly sales per community for the six months ended June 30, 2018 were up slightly in both Northern and Southern California due to strong Bay Area activity and product price diversification, respectively, offset by lower sales absorption in Arizona as communities ramp up starting operations.2019.


The Company continued to experience modest cancellation activity with a cancellation rate of 6% forDuring the threesix months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to 10%2019, monthly sales absorption was strongest in Northern California at 2.2 monthly sales per community, driven by strong order activity at three affordably-priced communities located within masterplan developments. However, the prior year period, and a cancellation39% decrease in Northern California's monthly absorption rate of 6% for the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to 8% for2019 from the same period in 2017. We believe our2018 was the largest of the divisions due to lack of affordability and strong sales experienced in the first half of 2018 from two Bay Area townhome communities, one of which sold out during the prior year period. The decrease in Southern California year-to-date absorption rates during the first half of 2019 compared to 2018 was attributable to the overall run up in home prices and a slowdown in demand from foreign national buyers in the market, and the high initial orders in the prior year from two communities that opened during the first half of 2018, as noted above.

Also impacting the decline in net new orders was the increase in the Company's cancellation rate is one offor the lowest2019 second quarter to 11% from 6% for the 2018 second quarter. The cancellation rate for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was also up to 12% from 6% in the industry duecomparable prior year period. Our cancellation rate has increased moderately with our transition to many factors, including loan prequalifyingmore affordably-priced product where buyers before ratifying sales contracts,are often times more credit challenged than a luxury or move-up buyer. Of the high levelcommunities that opened during the last twelve months ended June 30, 2019, five offer base pricing of personalized options that our homebuyers select, which creates emotional attachment, and a higher proportion of affluent buyers with strong credit profiles.$600,000 or less.
   


Backlog
As of June 30,As of June 30,
2018 2017 % Change2019 2018 % Change
Homes Dollar Value Average Price Homes Dollar Value Average Price Homes Dollar Value Average PriceHomes Dollar Value Average Price Homes Dollar Value Average Price Homes Dollar Value Average Price
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Southern California139
 $141,718
 $1,020
 99
 $278,513
 $2,813
 40% (49)% (64)%86
 $92,438
 $1,075
 139
 $141,718
 $1,020
 (38)% (35)% 5 %
Northern California153
 131,859
 862
 86
 60,899
 708
 78% 117 % 22 %85
 71,648
 843
 153
 131,859
 862
 (44)% (46)% (2)%
Arizona15
 17,354
 1,157
 
 
 
 NA
 NA
 NA
36
 37,503
 1,042
 15
 17,354
 1,157
 140 % 116 % (10)%
Total307
 $290,931
 $948
 185
 $339,412
 $1,835
 66% (14)% (48)%207
 $201,589
 $974
 307
 $290,931
 $948
 (33)% (31)% 3 %


Backlog reflects the number of homes, net of cancellations, for which we have entered into sales contracts with customers, but for which we have not yet delivered the homes. The number of homes in backlog as of June 30, 20182019 was up 66%down 33% as compared to the prior year period primarily due to a 50% increasehigher backlog conversion rate of 74% for the 2019 second quarter compared to 46% for the 2018 second quarter and a 21% decrease in net orders resulting from a slower sales pace due to weaker year-over-year demand. The increase in conversion rate resulted from the Company's move to more affordably priced product which generally has quicker build cycles, as well as the Company's success in selling and delivering a higher level of spec homes that accompany these communities. The dollar value of backlog at the end of the 2019 second quarter was down 31% year-over-year to $201.6 million due to the lower number of backlog units, slightly offset by a 3% higher average community countselling price of the homes in backlog.

The year-over-year decrease in backlog units and value was greatest in Northern California where the decrease in net new orders from the 2019 and 2018 second quarters was also the largest of the divisions. The number of backlog units declined due to a lower number of homes in beginning backlog and a reduction in net new orders. Backlog value in Northern California decreased due to the lower number of homes in backlog, coupled with fewer homes in backlog with average selling prices over $1.0 million. Southern California ending backlog units at June 30, 2019 decreased primarily due to the 2019 second quarter backlog conversation rate of 105% compared to 64% in the 2018 second quarter due to the number of spec homes sold and delivered during the quarter, and to a lesser extent, higher beginning unit backlog at December 31, 2017. Conversely, the dollar value of backlog was down 14% year-over-year to $290.9 million primarily due to a 48% decrease in average selling price, as a result of increased order activity fromnet new communities with more affordable product.

orders. The year-over-year decline in the Company's average selling price of homes in backlog was driven primarily by the mix of homes in backlog in Southern California as we expand our product offerings to include more affordably-priced communities. The 2017 second quarter backlog included homesat June 30, 2019 shifted from two higher-priced luxury communities locatedthe prior year and resulted in Newport Coast, CA that closed out in 2017. The decline in Southern California backlog value was partially offset by a 117%5% increase in Northern Californiathe backlog value. Northern California backlog units and average selling prices were up year-over-year 78% and 22%, respectively, primarily resulting from our Bay Area townhomeprice driven largely by homes at a luxury community in Milpitassouth Orange County that opened in the 2017 third quarter of 2018 where the average price of homes in backlog exceeds $2.0 million. Our Arizona operations became a larger component of the Company's ending backlog for the 2019 second quarter with average selling prices of approximately $1.1 million.increased orders primarily from our successful Belmont community in Gilbert, Arizona that opened in the 2018 second quarter and commenced deliveries in the 2019 first quarter.



Lots Owned and Controlled
 As of June 30, Increase/(Decrease)
 2019 2018 Amount %
Lots Owned:       
Southern California581
 505
 76
 15 %
Northern California729
 314
 415
 132 %
Arizona294
 299
 (5) (2)%
Total1,604
 1,118
 486
 43 %
Lots Controlled:(1)
       
Southern California200
 807
 (607) (75)%
Northern California503
 959
 (456) (48)%
Arizona477
 343
 134
 39 %
Total1,180
 2,109
 (929) (44)%
Total Lots Owned and Controlled - Wholly Owned2,784
 3,227
 (443) (14)%
Fee Building(2)
1,231
 1,078
 153
 14 %
Total Lots Owned and Controlled4,015
 4,305
 (290) (7)%
 June 30, Increase/(Decrease)
 2018 2017 Amount %
Lots Owned:       
Southern California505
 402
 103
 26%
Northern California314
 285
 29
 10%
Arizona299
 
 299
 NA
Total1,118
 687
 431
 63%
Lots Controlled:(1)
       
Southern California807
 564
 243
 43%
Northern California959
 303
 656
 217%
Arizona343
 267
 76
 28%
Total2,109
 1,134
 975
 86%
Total Lots Owned and Controlled - Wholly Owned3,227
 1,821
 1,406
 77%
Fee Building(2)
1,078
 1,043
 35
 3%
Total Lots Owned and Controlled4,305
 2,864
 1,441
 50%
 


(1)Includes lots that we control under purchase and sale agreements or option agreements subject to customary conditions and have not yet closed. There can be no assurance that such acquisitions will occur.
(2)Lots owned by third party property owners for which we perform general contracting or construction management services.


Consistent with our focus on growing our wholly owned business, the Company increased the number ofThe Company's wholly owned lots owned and controlled by 77%decreased 14% year-over-year to 3,2272,784 lots, 65%of which 42% of which were controlled through option contracts. The increasedecrease in wholly owned lots owned and controlled was primarily due to an increase in deliveries during the last twelve months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period ending June 30, 2018 and a decrease of 400 lots controlled in Northern California withat June 30, 2018 that the Company did not pursue, partially offset by executed contracts for two new developments including multiple planning areas, one for 418 lotsacross all markets in Vacaville, CA and a second for 394 lots in a masterplan development in Folsom, CA.the same period.




The increase in fee building lots at June 30, 20182019 as compared to the prior year period was primarily attributable to new contracts entered into during the last twelve months ended June 30, 2018,2019, for 704600 lots including construction management contracts the company entered into with a new customer during the 2018 second quarter totaling 165 lots across five communities, largelyour largest customer. These fee lot additions were partially offset by the delivery of 669447 homes to customers in the same period.



Home Sales Revenue and New Homes Delivered
Three Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30,
2018
2017 % Change2019
2018 % Change
Homes Dollar Value Average Price Homes Dollar Value Average Price Homes Dollar Value Average PriceHomes Dollar Value Average Price Homes Dollar Value Average Price Homes Dollar Value Average Price
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Southern California61
 $87,278
 $1,431
 27
 $67,279
 $2,492
 126 % 30% (43)%91
 $95,534
 $1,050
 61
 $87,278
 $1,431
 49% 9 % (27)%
Northern California36
 30,182
 838
 37
 29,650
 801
 (3)% 2% 5 %53
 37,296
 704
 36
 30,182
 838
 47% 24 % (16)%
Arizona7
 7,634
 1,091
 
 
 NA
 NA
 NA
 NA
Total97
 $117,460
 $1,211
 64
 $96,929
 $1,515
 52 % 21% (20)%151
 $140,464
 $930
 97
 $117,460
 $1,211
 56% 20 % (23)%
                                  
Six Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2018 2017 % Change2019 2018 % Change
Homes Dollar Value Average Price Homes Dollar Value Average Price Homes Dollar Value Average PriceHomes Dollar Value Average Price Homes Dollar Value Average Price Homes Dollar Value Average Price
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Southern California105

$131,858
 $1,256
 49

$111,202
 $2,269
 114 % 19% (45)%152

$160,127
 $1,053
 105

$131,858
 $1,256
 45% 21 % (16)%
Northern California76

65,039
 856
 69

55,133
 799
 10 % 18% 7 %81

56,035
 692
 76

65,039
 856
 7% (14)% (19)%
Arizona17
 23,488
 1,382
 
 
 NA
 NA
 NA
 NA
Total181
 $196,897
 $1,088
 118
 $166,335
 $1,410
 53 % 18% (23)%250
 $239,650
 $959
 181
 $196,897
 $1,088
 38% 22 % (12)%
New home deliveries increased 52%56% for the 20182019 second quarter compared to the prior year period. The increase in deliveries was the result of a higher number ofbacklog conversion rate for the 2019 second quarter compared to the 2018 second quarter and was driven by our success at selling and delivering more speculative homes in backlog at the beginning of the period and an increase in net new home orders during the period.quarter. Home sales revenue for the three months ended June 30, 20182019 increased 21%20% compared to the same period in 20172018, primarily due to the 52% increase in new home deliveries, which was partially offset by a 20% lower23% decrease in average sales price per delivery for the period.
The year-over-yearincrease in homes sales revenue was led by Southern California with 49% more deliveries in the 2019 second quarter due to a higher backlog conversion rate compared to the 2018 second quarter, partially offset by a decrease in average selling price due to a mix shift. The 2018 second quarter included deliveries from several higher-priced, close-out communities in Orange County. In Northern California, 2019 second quarter homes sales price relatedrevenue was up 24% from a 47% increase in homes delivered, which was partially offset by a 16% decline in average selling price. The increase in home deliveries was attributable to an increase in backlog conversion rate for the strategic broadening of2019 second quarter, while the Company's portfolio, particularlydecrease in Southern California, to include more affordably-priced product as well as the overall growth in community count. Additionally, the average selling price for Southern California during the 2017was a result of product mix where more affordable product with base pricing below $600,000 comprised approximately 70% of 2019 second quarter was influenced by deliveries from higher-priced luxury product from two communities in Newport Coast, CA.compared to approximately 36% for the 2018 second quarter.
New home deliveries increased 53%38% for the six months ended June 30, 20182019 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017prior year period due to a higher number of homes in backlog at December 31, 2017 and an increase in net new home orders during the 2018 six month period.conversion rate. Home sales revenue for the six months ended June 30, 20182019 increased 18%22% compared to the same 2017 period in 2018, primarily due to anthe increase in new home deliveries, which was partially offset by a 23% lower12% decrease in average sales price per delivery for the period. The year-over-year decreaseAverage selling price was down in average sales price relatedSouthern California due to the product mix shift discussed above.2018 period including deliveries from several higher-priced, closed-out Orange County communities. Average selling price in Northern California declined due to the significant increase in deliveries from more affordable communities during the first half of 2019 as compared to the prior year period and fewer Bay Area deliveries, which generally are high-priced.
Homebuilding Gross Margin
Homebuilding gross margin for the 20182019 second quarter was 12.6%12.1% versus 13.6%12.6% in the prior period. The 10050 basis point decline in home sales gross margindecrease was primarily due higher interest costs resulting from slower sales absorption rate and higher incentives due to weaker buyer demand, all of which was partially offset by a product mix shift and higher interest costs. Before impairments, home sales gross margin declined 230 basis points during the second quarter of 2018 compared with the 2017 period, reflecting $1.3 million of impairment charges in the 2017 second quarter relating to one community in Southern California compared to no impairments in the 2018 period. The mix shift included deliveries from three lower margin close-out communities in Southern California in the 2018 second quarter, while the 2017 second quarter was positively impacted by deliveries from two higher-margin communities in Newport Coast, CA and one community in the Bay Area.shift. Adjusted homebuilding gross margin, for the 2018 second quarter, excluding impairments andwhich excludes interest in cost of home sales, was 16.5% and 15.8% compared to 16.7% infor the prior year period. Homebuilding gross margin before impairments2019 and adjusted2018 second quarters, respectively. Adjusted homebuilding gross margin areis a non-GAAP measures.measure. See the table below reconciling thesethis non-GAAP financial measuresmeasure to homebuilding gross margin, the nearest GAAP equivalent. Excluding the impact of interest in cost of sales, the 70 basis point improvement was due to product mix shift, partially offset by higher incentives, largely in Southern California.
Homebuilding gross margin for the six months ended June 30, 20182019 quarter was 12.3% versus 12.5%, compared to 13.5% for 2017 in the prior period. The 20 basis point decrease in homebuilding gross margin was primarily due to changes in product mix and higher interest costs. As discussed above, during the first six months of 2017, the Company incurred $1.3 million of impairment charges versus no impairmentcosts and incentives, which were partially offset by product



charges during the first six months of 2018.  Before impairments, home salesmix shift. Adjusted homebuilding gross margin, declined 180 basis during the first six months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. Excluding home sales impairments andwhich excludes interest in cost of home sales, the adjusted homebuilding gross margin percentageswas 17.0% and 15.8% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The 120 basis point improvement in adjusted homebuilding gross margin was primarily a result of higher interest costs from slower sales absorption rates and 2017to a lesser extent, a product mix shift. Offsetting these items were 15.8% and 16.3%, respectively.higher incentives for the 2019 period.
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2018 % 2017 % 2018 % 2017 %2019 % 2018 % 2019 % 2018 %
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Home sales revenue$117,460
 100.0% $96,929
 100.0% $196,897
 100.0% $166,335
 100.0%$140,464
 100.0% $117,460
 100.0% $239,650
 100.0% $196,897
 100.0%
Cost of home sales102,678
 87.4% 83,788
 86.4% 172,372
 87.5% 143,853
 86.5%123,525
 87.9% 102,678
 87.4% 210,094
 87.7% 172,372
 87.5%
Homebuilding gross margin14,782
 12.6% 13,141
 13.6% 24,525
 12.5% 22,482
 13.5%16,939
 12.1% 14,782
 12.6% 29,556
 12.3% 24,525
 12.5%
Add: Home sales impairments
 % 1,300
 1.3% 
 % 1,300
 0.8%
Homebuilding gross margin before impairments(1)
14,782
 12.6% 14,441
 14.9% 24,525
 12.5% 23,782
 14.3%
Add: Interest in cost of home sales3,750
 3.2% 1,720
 1.8% 6,514
 3.3% 3,271
 2.0%6,301
 4.4% 3,750
 3.2% 11,153
 4.7% 6,514
 3.3%
Adjusted homebuilding gross margin(1)
$18,532
 15.8% $16,161
 16.7% $31,039
 15.8% $27,053
 16.3%$23,240
 16.5% $18,532
 15.8% $40,709
 17.0% $31,039
 15.8%
 


(1)Homebuilding gross margin before impairments and adjustedAdjusted homebuilding gross margin (or homebuilding gross margin before impairments and interest in cost of home sales) areis non-GAAP financial measures.measure. We believe this information is meaningful as it isolates the impact that home sales impairmentsleverage and leverage haveour cost of debt capital has on homebuilding gross margin and permits investors to make better comparisons with our competitors who also break out and adjust gross margins in a similar fashion.
Fee Building
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2018 % 2017 % 2018 % 2017 %2019 % 2018 % 2019 % 2018 %
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Fee building revenues$38,095
 100.0% $47,181
 100.0% $81,889
 100.0% $102,798
 100.0%$22,285
 100.0% $38,095
 100.0% $41,947
 100.0% $81,889
 100.0%
Cost of fee building37,038
 97.2% 45,899
 97.3% 79,737
 97.4% 99,825
 97.1%21,770
 97.7% 37,038
 97.2% 41,038
 97.8% 79,737
 97.4%
Fee building gross margin$1,057
 2.8% $1,282
 2.7% $2,152
 2.6% $2,973
 2.9%$515
 2.3% $1,057
 2.8% $909
 2.2% $2,152
 2.6%
Our fee building revenues include (i) billings to third-party land owners for general contracting services and (ii) management fees from our unconsolidated joint ventures and third-party land owners for construction and sales management services. Cost of fee building includes (i) labor, subcontractor, and other indirect construction and development costs that are reimbursable by the land owner and (ii) general and administrative, or G&A, expenses that are attributable to fee building activities and joint venture management overhead. Besides allocable G&A expenses, there are no other material costs associated with management fees from our unconsolidated joint ventures.
Billings to land owners for general contracting services are a function of construction activity and reimbursable costs are incurred as homes are started.generally once home construction begins. The total billings and reimbursable costs are driven by the pace at which the land owner executes its development plan. Management fees from our unconsolidated joint ventures are collected over the underlying project's life and as homes and lots are delivered. Construction and sales management fees from third-party customers are collected over the life of the contract and increasesales management fees from third-party customers are collected as homes are delivered.close escrow.
For 2018In the 2019 second quarter, fee building revenues decreased 19%42% from the prior year period, primarily due todriven by a decrease in costs incurred fromconstruction activity at fee building activity resultingcommunities in Irvine, California due to lower demand levels in that market. Additionally, management fees from a lower number of homes underjoint ventures and construction duringmanagement fees from third parties, which are included in fee building revenue, decreased year-over-year by $0.3 million for the period.2019 second quarter. Included in fee building revenues for the three months ended June 30, 20182019 and 20172018 were (i) $36.7$21.2 million and $46.0$36.7 million of billings to land owners, respectively, and (ii) $1.4$1.1 million and $1.2$1.4 million of management fees from our unconsolidated joint ventures and third-party land owners, respectively. Our fee building revenues have historically been concentrated with a small number of customers. For the three months ended June 30, 20182019 and 2017,2018, one customer comprised 95% and 97%95%, respectively, of fee building revenue.
The cost of fee building decreased in the 20182019 second quarter compared to the sameprior year period in 2017 due to the decrease in fee building activity.activity mentioned above. The amount of G&A expenses included in the cost of fee building was $1.5 million and $1.8 million for the 2019 and $2.3 million2018 second quarters, respectively. Fee building gross margin percentage decreased to 2.3% for



the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Fee building gross margin percentage increased to2019 from 2.8% for the three months ended June 30, 2018 from 2.7% in the prior year period primarily due to the decrease in construction management fees from third parties, partially offset by lower allocated G&A expenses partially offset by changes in certain fee building business agreements from a percentage of cost fee to a per-unit fixed fee arrangement.costs.
For the six months ended June 30, 2018,2019, fee building revenues decreased 20%49% from the prior year period, primarily due to adriven by the previously noted decrease in costs incurred fromconstruction activity at fee building activity resulting from a lower number of homes under construction during the period.communities in Irvine, California. Included in fee building revenues for the six months ended June 30, 20182019 and 20172018 were (i) $79.5$39.6 million and $100.4$79.5 million of billings to land owners, respectively, and (ii) $2.4$2.3 million and $2.4 million of management fees from our unconsolidated joint ventures and third-party land owners, respectively. Our fee building revenues have historically been concentrated with a small number of customers. For the six months ended June 30, 20182019 and 2017,2018, one customer comprised 96%93% and 98%96%, respectively, of fee building revenue.
For the six months ended June 30, 2018,The cost of fee building decreased in the first half of 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 due to the decrease in fee building activity compared to the same period during 2017.mentioned above. The amount of G&A expenses included in the cost of fee building was $3.4$3.0 million and $4.6$3.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 20182019 and 2017,2018, respectively. Fee building gross margin percentage decreased to 2.6%2.2% for the six months ended June 30, 20182019 from 2.9%2.6% in the 2017prior year period due to the decrease in fee billings to land owners and lower fee revenue and a change in the fee building business arrangements discussed above,management fees from joint ventures, partially offset by an increase in construction management fees from third parties and lower allocated G&A expenses.costs.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 As a Percentage of Home Sales Revenue Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 As a Percentage of Home Sales RevenueThree Months Ended 
 June 30,
 As a Percentage of Home Sales Revenue Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 As a Percentage of Home Sales Revenue
  
2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 20172019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Selling and marketing expenses$9,466
 $6,376
 8.0% 6.6% $16,105
 $11,377
 8.2% 6.8%$9,683
 $9,466
 6.9% 8.0% $18,362
 $16,105
 7.7 % 8.2%
General and administrative expenses ("G&A")5,979
 5,595
 5.1% 5.8% 11,998
 10,685
 6.1% 6.4%5,841
 5,979
 4.2% 5.1% 13,232
 11,998
 5.5 % 6.1%
Total selling, marketing and G&A ("SG&A")$15,445
 $11,971
 13.1% 12.4% $28,103
 $22,062
 14.3% 13.3%$15,524
 $15,445
 11.1% 13.1% $31,594
 $28,103
 13.2 % 14.3%
               
G&A$5,841
 $5,979
 4.2% 5.1% $13,232
 $11,998
 5.5 % 6.1%
Less: Severance charges
 
 % % (1,788) 
 (0.8)% %
G&A, excluding severance charges$5,841
 $5,979
 4.2% 5.1% $11,444
 $11,998
 4.7 % 6.1%

 
 
 
        
Selling and marketing expenses$9,683
 $9,466
 6.9% 8.0% $18,362
 $16,105
 7.7 % 8.2%
G&A, excluding severance charges5,841
 5,979
 4.2% 5.1% 11,444
 11,998
 4.7 % 6.1%
SG&A, excluding severance charges$15,524
 $15,445
 11.1% 13.1% $29,806
 $28,103
 12.4 % 14.3%
During the 20182019 second quarter, our SG&A rate as a percentage of home sales revenue increased 70 basis points towas 11.1% vs. 13.1%, from 12.4% for the same period in 2017.2018. The increase200 basis point decrease was primarily due to improved leverage from higher home sales revenue, reduced marketing and advertising spend as compared to the 2018 second quarter and to a lesser extent, lower personnel expenses. These items were partially offset by higher amortization of capitalized selling and marketing costs resulting from the ramp up of new communities and higher co-broker commissions. In addition, the increase also included a net $0.4 million increase in selling and marketing expenses in the 2018 second quarter related to accounting changes from the adoptionopening of ASC 606, the updated revenue recognition standard. Partially offsetting the increases was a 70 basis point improvementcertain higher-end model homes in G&A rate for the 2018 second quarter primarily attributable to increased home sales revenue.late 2018.
ForDuring the six months ended June 30, 2018,2019, our SG&A expense ratio was 14.3% compared to 13.3% for the same period in 2017. The increase was largely attributable to higher selling and marketing costs due to new community ramp up and an increase in co-broker commissions. The impact of the adoption of ASC 606 was a net increase of $0.5 million to selling and marketing expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2018. These increases were partially offset by a lower G&A rate as a percentage of home sales revenues.revenue was 13.2%, down 110 basis points from the comparable prior year period. The 2019 period included $1.8 million in pretax severance charges taken in the 2019 first quarter related to right-sizing our operations by reducing headcount, including the departure of one of our executive officers. Excluding these charges, the Company's SG&A rate for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was 12.4% compared to 14.3% in the prior year period. The 190 basis point decrease was due to improved leverage from higher home sales revenue, a year-over-year reduction in marketing and advertising spend, and to a lesser extent, lower personnel expenses. Offsetting these items were higher amortization of capitalized selling and marketing costs discussed above. SG&A excluding severance charges as a percentage of home sales revenue is a non-GAAP measure. See the table above reconciling this non-GAAP financial measure to SG&A as a percentage of home sales revenue, the nearest GAAP equivalent.


Equity in Net Income (Loss) of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
As of June 30, 20182019 and 2017,2018, we had ownership interests in 10 and 12 unconsolidated joint ventures, respectively.of which six have active homebuilding or land development operations. We own interests in our unconsolidated joint ventures that generally range from 5% to 35% and these interests vary by entity.
The Company’s share of joint venture lossincome for the 2019 second quarter was $0.2 million as compared to a $0.1 million loss for the 2018 second quarter compared to itsperiod. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company's share of joint venture income was $0.4 million and $0.2 million, respectively. The year-over-year increase in joint venture income for the 2017 period.


three and six months ended June 30, 2019 was primarily related to an increase in home deliveries and home sales revenue at our Mountain Shadows luxury community in Paradise Valley, AZ.
The following sets forth supplemental operational and financial information about our unconsolidated joint ventures. Such information is not included in our financial data for GAAP purposes, but is recognized in our results as a component of equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures. This data is included for informational purposes only.
Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
   Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
  Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
   Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
  
 Increase/(Decrease) Increase/(Decrease) Increase/(Decrease) Increase/(Decrease)
2018 2017 Amount % 2018 2017 Amount %2019 2018 Amount % 2019 2018 Amount %
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Unconsolidated Joint Ventures - Homebuilding          
Operational Data               
Unconsolidated Joint Ventures - Operational DataUnconsolidated Joint Ventures - Operational Data          
Net new home orders42
 54
 (12) (22)% 78
 93
 (15) (16)%28
 42
 (14) (33)% 64
 78
 (14) (18)%
New homes delivered36
 33
 3
 9 % 68
 65
 3
 5 %53
 36
 17
 47 % 90
 68
 22
 32 %
Average sales price of homes delivered$832
 $1,038
 $(206) (20)% $900
 $914
 $(14) (2)%$954
 $832
 $122
 15 % $985
 $900
 $85
 9 %
                              
Home sales revenue$29,938
 $34,240
 $(4,302) (13)% $61,178
 $59,386
 $1,792
 3 %$50,567
 $29,938
 $20,629
 69 % $88,694
 $61,178
 $27,516
 45 %
Land sales revenue3,941
 931
 3,010
 323 % 4,714
 2,405
 2,309
 96 %8,511
 3,941
 4,570
 116 % 12,671
 4,714
 7,957
 169 %
Total revenue$33,879
 $35,171
 $(1,292) (4)% $65,892
 $61,791
 $4,101
 7 %
Net income (loss)$(286) $(654) $368
 56 % $518
 $(1,518) $2,036
 134 %
Total revenues$59,078
 $33,879
 $25,199
 74 % $101,365
 $65,892
 $35,473
 54 %
Net income$1,790
 $(286) $2,076
 726 % $2,303
 $518
 $1,785
 345 %
                 
Selling communities at end of periodSelling communities at end of period 7
 8
 (1) (13)%Selling communities at end of period 6
 7
 (1) (14)%
Backlog (dollar value)Backlog (dollar value) $70,851
 $70,941
 $(90)  %Backlog (dollar value) $44,775
 $70,851
 $(26,076) (37)%
Backlog (homes)Backlog (homes) 90
 90
 
  %Backlog (homes) 50
 90
 (40) (44)%
Average sales price of backlogAverage sales price of backlog $787
 $788
 $(1)  %Average sales price of backlog $896
 $787
 $109
 14 %
                              
Homebuilding lots owned and controlledHomebuilding lots owned and controlled 273
 520
 (247) (48)%Homebuilding lots owned and controlled 121
 273
 (152) (56)%
Land development lots owned and controlledLand development lots owned and controlled 2,305
 2,415
 (110) (5)%Land development lots owned and controlled 1,924
 2,305
 (381) (17)%
Total lots owned and controlledTotal lots owned and controlled 2,578
 2,935
 (357) (12)%Total lots owned and controlled 2,045
 2,578
 (533) (21)%


Provision (Benefit)Gain on Early Extinguishment of Debt
During the 2019 second quarter, the Company repurchased and retired approximately $7.0 million in face value of its 7.25% Senior Notes due 2022. The Notes were purchased at 90.82% of face value, for Income Taxes

Fora cash payment of $6.3 million. The Company recognized a $0.6 million gain on the threeearly extinguishment of debt, and the unamortized discount, premium and debt issuance costs associated with the retired notes totaling approximately $90,000 were written off. Total repurchases of the Notes for the six months ended June 30, 2018,2019 equaled approximately $12.0 million in face value at 90.58% of face value, for a cash payment of $10.9 million. The Company recognized a total gain on early extinguishment of debt of $1.0 million and wrote off approximately $160,000 of unamortized discount, premium and debt issuance costs associated with the Notes retired during the six months ended June 30, 2019.



Provision/Benefit for Income Taxes

For the 2019 second quarter, the Company recorded a $1.0 million provision for income taxes compared to $0.1 million provision andfor the 2018 second quarter. For the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $0.3 million compared to an $0.8 million benefit for income taxes, respectively. Comparatively, the Company recorded respective tax provisions of $1.0 million and $1.5 million forprior year period. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017. The2019 and 2018, the Company's effective tax rate for the threewas 38.0% and six months ended June 30, 2018, was 36.8% and 59.7%, respectively, and 24.7% and 30.0% before discrete items. Forwith the three and six months ended June 30, 2017,rate increase attributable to the Company's effectiveimpact of expected deduction limitations had on each period. The tax rates were 39.4% and 39.1%, respectively, and 38.0% and 38.1% before discrete items. Effective tax rate before discrete items is a non-GAAP measure, please see the table below for a reconciliation to effective tax rate, the nearest GAAP equivalent. The year-over-year decreases of effective tax rates before discrete items for the three and six month periods were impacted by discrete items. The Company recorded a $0.3 million discrete provision in the resultfirst six months of the Tax Cuts2019 related to stock compensation and Jobs Act ("Tax Act") enacted in December 2017 that reduced the corporate federalstate tax rate fromchanges while a maximum of 35% to a flat 21% rate, effective for 2018.
The effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 differ from the federal statutory tax rates due to state income taxes, estimated deduction limitations for executive compensation, and discrete items. Discrete items comprised $0.4 million ofdiscrete benefit was taken in the tax benefit for the first half ofcomparable 2018 and wereperiod primarily related to benefits from energy tax credits that were extended in February 2018 for 2017 closings and, to a lesser extent, an adjustment to the Company's deferred tax asset revaluation required as a result of the federal tax rate cut. The effective tax rates for the three and six months June 30, 2017 differ from the federal statutory tax rates due primarily to state income taxes, offset partially by the benefit from production activities.
The Tax Act amends the Internal Revenue Code to reduce tax rates and modify policies, credits, and deductions for individuals and businesses. In accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes ("ASC 740"), the consolidated provision for income taxes is calculated using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. As a result of the reduction in the corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% under the Tax Act, the Company revalued its net deferred tax asset at December 31, 2017 and recorded a noncash, provisional charge of $3.2 million, which was included in the tax provision for fiscal 2017. The Company is currently analyzing the effects


of the Tax Act and will update this provisional rate as it completes its analysis. During the 2018 first quarter, the Company recorded an immaterial adjustment to the provisional amount and no such adjustment was made in the 2018 second quarter. Our accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Act will be completed during the one-year measurement period from the date of the Tax Act enactment, as allowed by the SEC.
    As part of the Tax Act, the Company will no longer be able to take certain tax deductions for production activities that reduced our effective tax rate in prior years. Additionally, the Company will be subject to increased deduction limitations on certain executive compensation.
 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
 (Dollars in thousands)
Effective tax rate for The New Home Company Inc.:       
Pretax income (loss)$182
 $2,505
 $(1,329) $3,865
(Provision) benefit for income taxes$(67) $(988) $793
 $(1,512)
Effective tax rate(1)
36.8% 39.4% 59.7% 39.1%
        
Effective tax rate for The New Home Company Inc. before discrete items:       
(Provision) benefit for income taxes$(67) $(988) $793
 $(1,512)
Adjustment for discrete items22
 36
 (394) 40
(Provision) benefit for income taxes before discrete items$(45) $(952) $399
 $(1,472)
Effective tax rate for The New Home Company Inc. before discrete items(1)
24.7% 38.0% 30.0% 38.1%
(1) Effective tax rate is computed by dividing the (provision) benefit for income taxes by pretax income (loss)credits.


Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
Our principal sources of capital for the six months ended June 30, 20182019 were cash generated from home sales activities, borrowing from our credit facility, distributions from our unconsolidated joint ventures, and management fees from our fee building agreements. Our principal uses of capital for the six months ended June 30, 20182019 were land purchases, land development, home construction, contributions and advances to our unconsolidated joint ventures, repurchases of the Company's common stock and bonds, paydowns on our credit facility, and payment of operating expenses, interest and routine liabilities.
Cash flows for each of our communities depend on their stage in the development cycle, and can differ substantially from reported earnings. Early stages of development or expansion require significant cash outlays for land acquisitions, entitlements and other approvals, and construction of model homes, roads, utilities, general landscaping and other amenities. Because these costs are a component of our real estate inventories and not recognized in our consolidated statement of operations until a home is delivered, we incur significant cash outlays prior to our recognition of earnings. In the later stages of community development, cash inflows may significantly exceed earnings reported for financial statement purposes, as the cash outflows associated with home and land construction waswere previously incurred. From a liquidity standpoint, we are actively acquiring and developing lots to increasemaintain or grow our lot supply and community count. As we continue to expand our business, we expect cash outlays for land purchases, land development and home construction at times to exceed our cash generated by operations. We are currently focused on reducing our debt levels and leverage and therefore expect to spend less on land purchases than we have over the last few years.
We ended the second quarter of 20182019 with $90.8$48.2 million of cash and cash equivalents, a $32.8$6.0 million decreaseincrease from December 31, 2017, primarily due to land acquisition and development and home construction costs in excess of proceeds from home sales during2018. Over the first half of 2018. Wenext few quarters we expect to generate cash from the sale of our inventory, butincluding unsold and presold homes under construction as well as land sales. After reducing our debt and leverage levels within our target range, we intend to redeploy the netdeploy a portion of cash generated from the sale of inventory to acquire and develop strategic, well-positioned lots that represent opportunities to generate future income and cash flows.flows by allocating capital to best position the Company for long-term success.
As of June 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017,2018, we had $10.8$5.6 million and $11.3$8.5 million, respectively, in accounts payable that related to costs incurred under our fee building agreements. Funding to pay these amounts is the obligation of the third-party land owner, which is generally funded on a monthly basis. Similarly, contracts and accounts receivable and due from affiliates as of the same dates included $12.3$6.3 million and $11.6$8.8 million, respectively, related to the payment of the above payables.


We intend to utilize both debt and equity as part of our ongoing financing strategy, coupled with redeployment of cash flows from continuing operations, to provide us with the financial flexibility to operate our business. In that regard, we expect to employ prudent levels of leverage to finance the acquisition and development of our lots and construction of our homes. As of June 30, 2018,2019, we had outstanding borrowings of $325$313.0 million in aggregate principal related to our senior notesSenior Notes due 2022 and $35$66.0 million underrelated to our revolving credit facility. We will consider a number of factors when evaluating our level of indebtedness and when making decisions regarding the incurrence of new indebtedness, including the purchase price of assets to be acquired with debt financing, the estimated market value of our assets and the ability of particular assets, and our companyCompany as a whole, to generate cash flow to cover the expected debt service. In addition, our debt contains certain financial covenants that limitslimit the amount of leverage we can maintain.
We intend to finance future acquisitions and developments with what we believe to be the most advantageous source of capital available to us at the time of the transaction, which may include unsecured corporate level debt, property-level debt, and other public, private or bank debt, seller land banking arrangements, or common and preferred equity.



Senior Notes Due 2022
On March 17, 2017, the Company completed the sale of $250 million in aggregate principal amount of 7.25% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2022 (the "Existing Notes"), in a private placement. The Notes were issued at an offering price of 98.961% of their face amount, which representsrepresented a yield to maturity of 7.50%. On May 4, 2017, the Company completed a tack-on private placement offering through the sale of an additional $75 million in aggregate principal amount of the 7.25% Senior Notes due 2022 ("Additional Notes"). The Additional Notes were issued at an offering price of 102.75% of their face amount plus accrued interest since March 17, 2017, which represented a yield to maturity of 6.438%. Net proceeds from the Existing Notes were used to repay all borrowings outstanding under the Company’s senior unsecured revolving credit facility with the remainder used for general corporate purposes. Net proceeds from the Additional Notes were used for working capital, land acquisition and general corporate purposes. Interest on the Existing Notes and the Additional Notes (together, the "Notes") is payable semiannually in arrears on April 1 and October 1. The maturity date of the Notes will mature onis April 1, 2022. The Notes were exchanged in an exchange offer for Notes that are identical to the original Notes, except that they are registered under the Securities Act of 1933 as amended and are freely tradeable in accordance with applicable law. During the first half of 2019, the Company repurchased approximately $12.0 million of the Notes at 90.58% of face value reducing the outstanding aggregate principal amount to $313.0 million.
The Notes contain certain restrictive covenants, including a limitation on additional indebtedness and a limitation on restricted payments. Restricted payments include, among other things, dividends, investments in unconsolidated entities, and stock repurchases. Under the limitation on additional indebtedness, we are permitted to incur specified categories of indebtedness but are prohibited, aside from those exceptions, from incurring further indebtedness if we do not satisfy either a leverage condition or an interest coverage condition. The leverage and interest coverage conditions are summarized in the table below, as described and defined further in the indenture for the Notes. Exceptions to the additional indebtedness limitation include, among other things, borrowings of up to $260 million under existing or future bank credit facilities, non-recourse indebtedness, and indebtedness incurred for the purpose of refinancing or repaying certain existing indebtedness. Under the limitation on restricted payments, we are also prohibited from making restricted payments, aside from certain exceptions, if we do not satisfy either condition. In addition, the amount of restricted payments that we can make is subject to an overall basket limitation, which builds based on, among other things, 50% of consolidated net income from January 1, 2017 forward and 100% of the net cash proceeds from qualified equity offerings. Exceptions to the foregoing limitations on our ability to make restricted payments include, among other things, investments in joint ventures and other investments up to 15% of our consolidated tangible net assets and a general basket of $15 million. The Notes are guaranteed by all of the Company's 100% owned subsidiaries, for more information about these guarantees, please see Note 17 of the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
 June 30, 20182019
Financial ConditionsActual Requirement
  
Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio: EBITDA to Consolidated Interest Incurred; or1.81.6

 > 2.0 : 1.0
Leverage Ratio: Indebtedness to Tangible Net Worth1.371.57

 < 2.25 : 1.0
As of June 30, 2018,2019, we were able to satisfy the leverage condition.

Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility
The Company's senior unsecured revolving credit facility ("Credit Facility") is with a bank group and matures on September 1, 2020. Total commitments under the Credit Facility are $200 million with an accordion feature that allows the facility size thereunder to be increased up to an aggregate of $300 million, subject to certain conditions, including the availability of bank commitments.


As of June 30, 2018,2019, we had $35$66.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility. Interest is payable monthly and is charged at a rate of 1-month LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 2.25% to 3.00% depending on the Company’s leverage ratio as calculated at the end of each fiscal quarter. As of June 30, 2018,2019, the interest rate under the Credit Facility was 4.84%5.40%. Pursuant to the Credit Facility, the Company is required to maintain certain financial covenants as defined in the Credit Facility, including, but not limited to, those listed in the following table.


June 30, 2018 June 30, 2019 
Financial CovenantsActual 
Covenant
Requirement
 Actual 
Covenant
Requirement
 
(Dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands) 
Unencumbered Liquid Assets (Minimum Liquidity Covenant)$90,758
 $10,000
(1) 
$48,224
 $10,000
(1) 
EBITDA to Interest Incurred(2)
1.82
 > 1.75 : 1.0
 1.55
 > 1.75 : 1.0
 
Tangible Net Worth(3)$258,755
 $187,395
 $239,098
 $188,362
 
Leverage Ratio51% < 65%
 58.5%
 < 65%
 
Adjusted Leverage Ratio(3)
NA
 NA
 
 
(1)So long as the Company is in compliance with the interest coverage test (see Note 2), the minimum unencumbered liquid assets that the Company must maintain as of the quarter end measurement date is $10 million. If the Company is not in compliance with the interest coverage test, the minimum liquidity requirement as of each quarter end measurement date is not less than the trailing 12 month consolidated interest incurred. As of June 30, 2018, the trailing 12 month consolidated interest incurred totaled $26.9 million.
(2)If the EBITDA to Interest Incurred test is not met, it will not be considered an event of default so long as the Company maintains unrestricted cash equal to not less than the trailing 12 month consolidated interest incurred.incurred (as defined in the Credit Facility agreement) which was $30.5 million as of June 30, 2019. The Company was in compliance with this requirement with an unrestricted cash balance of $48.2 million at June 30, 2019.
(3)Adjusted Leverage Ratio isThe Credit Facility previously applied an "adjusted leverage ratio" test computed as total joint venture debt divided by total joint venture equity. The Adjusted Leverage Ratio requirement ceasesThis covenant ceased to apply as of and after the fiscal quarter in whichSeptember 30, 2017 because our consolidated tangible net worth is at leastexceeded $250 million. During any period whenmillion in that quarter. Once the Adjusted Leverage Ratio ceasesadjusted leverage ratio ceased to apply, consolidated tangible net worth shall beis reduced by an adjustment equal to the aggregate amount of investments in and advance to unconsolidated joint ventures that exceed 35% of consolidated tangible net worth as calculated without giving effect to this adjustment (the "Adjustment Amount"). As of September 30, 2017, the Company's consolidated tangible net worth exceeded $250 million and therefore the Adjusted Leverage Ratio ceased to apply. In addition, theThe Adjustment Amount was considered in the calculation of consolidated tangible net worth.
As of June 30, 2018,2019, we were in compliance with all financial covenants under our Credit Facility.
Stock Repurchase Program
On May 10, 2018, our board of directors approved a stock repurchase program (the "Repurchase Program") authorizing the repurchase of the Company's common stock with an aggregate value of up to $15 million. Repurchases of the Company's common stock may be made in open-market transactions, effected through a broker-dealer at prevailing market prices, in privately negotiated transactions, in block trades or by other means in accordance with federal securities laws, including pursuant to any trading plan that may be adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The Repurchase Program does not obligate the Company to repurchase any particular amount or number of shares of common stock, and it may be modified, suspended or discontinued at any time. The timing and amount of repurchases are determined by the Company’s management at its discretion and be based on a variety of factors, such as the market price of the Company’s common stock, corporate and contractual requirements, general market and economic conditions and legal requirements. For the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company repurchased and retired 153,916 shares totaling $1.0 million. As of June 30, 2018,2019, the Company had repurchased and retired 205,240in aggregate 1,157,032 shares totaling $2.1$9.6 million and had remaining authorization to purchase $12.9$5.4 million of common shares.
  





Debt-to-Capital Ratios
We believe that debt-to-capital ratios provide useful information to the users of our financial statements regarding our financial position and leverage. Net debt-to-capital ratio is a non-GAAP financial measure. See the table below reconciling this non-GAAP measure to debt-to-capital ratio, the nearest GAAP equivalent.
June 30, December 31,June 30, December 31,
2018 20172019 2018
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Total debt, net$354,402
 $318,656
Total debt, net of unamortized discount, premium and debt issuance costs$375,060
 $387,648
Equity, exclusive of non-controlling interest258,755
 263,990
239,098
 239,954
Total capital$613,157
 $582,646
$614,158
 $627,602
Ratio of debt-to-capital(1)
57.8% 54.7%61.1% 61.8%
      
Total debt, net$354,402
 $318,656
Less: cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash91,325
 123,970
Total debt, net of unamortized discount, premium and debt issuance costs$375,060
 $387,648
Less: Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash48,348
 42,542
Net debt263,077
 194,686
326,712
 345,106
Equity, exclusive of non-controlling interest258,755
 263,990
239,098
 239,954
Total capital$521,832
 $458,676
$565,810
 $585,060
Ratio of net debt-to-capital(2)
50.4% 42.4%57.7% 59.0%
 


(1)
The ratio of debt-to-capital is computed as the quotient obtained by dividing total debt, net of unamortized discount, premium and debt issuance costs by total capital (the sum of total debt, net of unamortized discount, premium and debt issuance costs plus equity), exclusive of non-controlling interest.  
(2)
The ratio of net debt-to-capital is computed as the quotient obtained by dividing net debt (which is total debt, net of unamortized discount, premium and debt issuance costs less cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to the extent necessary to reduce the debt balance to zero) by total capital, exclusive of non-controlling interest. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is the ratio of debt-to-capital. We believe the ratio of net debt-to-capital is a relevant financial measure for investors to understand the leverage employed in our operations and as an indicator of our ability to obtain financing. We believe that by deducting our cash from our debt, we provide a measure of our indebtedness that takes into account our cash liquidity. We believe this provides useful information as the ratio of debt-to-capital does not take into account our liquidity and we believe that the ratio net of cash provides supplemental information by which our financial position may be considered. Investors may also find this to be helpful when comparing our leverage to the leverage of our competitors that present similar information. See the table above reconciling this non-GAAP financial measure to the ratio of debt-to-capital.


Cash Flows — Six Months Ended June 30, 20182019 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 20172018
For the six months ended June 30, 20182019 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 20172018, the comparison of cash flows is as follows:
Net cash provided by operating activities was $18.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 versus net cash used in operating activities wasof $61.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 versus $71.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017.2018. The year-over-year change was primarily a result of a net decreaseincrease in cash outflowinflow related to the reduction in real estate inventories to $25.0 million for the 2019 period as compared to an outflow of $53.1 million for the 2018 period. The change in real estate inventories cash flow was driven by the year-over-year increase in proceeds from home sales in the first half of 2018 compared to $74.42019, and a decrease in land acquisition and development spend.
Net cash provided by investing activities was $0.8 million for the 2017 period. Partially offsetting the positive impact from real estate inventories was a decrease in cash inflows of $6.7 million duesix months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the timing of accounts receivable collections in the 2018 period.
Netnet cash used in investing activities wasof $3.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 20182018. For the six months ended June 30, 2019, net distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures were $0.8 million compared to $4.7net contributions and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures of $3.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017.2018. The decrease isincrease in net distributions for the 2019 period was primarily due to a reduction of net contributions and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures. Net contributions and advances were $3.1 million year-over-year reduction in the first half of 2018 comparedjoint venture contributions to $5.6 million during the same period in 2017. Net contributions were down year-over-year due to the partial repayment of an advance from an unconsolidatedone land development joint venture in the 2018 period.Northern California.
Net cash provided byused in financing activities was $32.0$13.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 20182019 versus $199.5$32.0 million of net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2017.2018. The higher amountoutflow in 20172019 reflects the net proceeds from the issuance of $325$10.9 million of cash paid to repurchase and retire our 7.25% Senior Notes due 2022.2022 as well as a net pay down on our credit facility of $1.5 million compared to net borrowings of $35 million in the prior year.





Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations


Option Contracts
In the ordinary course of business, we enter into land option contracts in order to procure lots for the construction of our homes. We are subject to customary obligations associated with entering into contracts for the purchase of land and improved lots. These purchase contracts typically require a cash deposit and the purchase of properties under these contracts is generally contingent upon satisfaction of certain requirements by the sellers, including obtaining applicable property and development entitlements. We also utilize option contracts with land sellers and financial intermediaries as a method of acquiring land in staged takedowns, to help us manage the financial and market risk associated with land holdings, to reduce the use of funds from our corporate financing sources, and to enhance our return on capital. Option contracts generally require a nonrefundable deposit for the right to acquire lots over a specified period of time at pre-determined prices. We generally have the right at our discretion to terminate our obligations under both purchase contracts and option contracts by forfeiting our cash deposit with no further financial responsibility to the land seller.seller or financial intermediary. In some instances, we may also expend funds for due diligence and development activities with respect to our option contracts prior to purchase which we would have to write off should we not purchase the land. As of June 30, 2018,2019, we had $31.7$15.3 million of nonrefundable and $1.0$0.7 million of refundable cash deposits pertaining to land option contracts and purchase contracts with an estimated aggregate remaining purchase price of $302.9$118.1 million, net of deposits ("Aggregate Remaining Purchase Price").deposits. These cash deposits are included as a component of our real estate inventories in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. In addition, the Company has agreed to liquidated damages of up to $9.1 million should the Company not fulfill its obligations under a contract to control $53.1 million of land under an option contract, which is included in the Aggregate Remaining Purchase Price noted above.
Our utilization of land option contracts is dependent on, among other things, the availability of land sellers willing to enter into option arrangements, the availability of capital to financial intermediaries to finance the development of optioned lots, general housing market conditions, and local market dynamics. Options may be more difficult to procure from land sellers in strong housing markets and are more prevalent in certain geographic regions.

Joint Ventures
We enter into land development and homebuilding joint ventures from time to time as means of:
leveraging our capital base
accessing larger or desirable lot positions
expanding our market opportunities
managing financial and market risk associated with land holdings
establishing strategic alliances
These joint ventures have historically obtained secured acquisition, development and/or construction financing which reduces the use of funds from our corporate financing sources.
We are subject to certain contingent obligations in connection with our unconsolidated joint ventures. The Company has provided credit enhancements in connection with joint venture borrowings in the form of loan-to-value ("LTV") maintenance agreements in order to secure the joint venture's performance under the loans and maintenance of certain LTV ratios. The Company has also entered into agreements with its partners in each of the unconsolidated joint ventures whereby the Company and its partners are apportioned liability under the LTV maintenance agreements according to their respective capital interest. In addition, the agreements provide the Company, to the extent its partner has an unpaid liability under such credit enhancements, the right to receive distributions from the unconsolidated joint venture that would otherwise be made to the partner. However, there is no guarantee that such distributions will be made or will be sufficient to cover the Company's liability under such LTV maintenance agreements. The loans underlying the LTV maintenance agreements comprise acquisition and development loans, construction revolvers and model home loans, and the agreements remain in force until the loans are satisfied. Due to the nature of the loans, the outstanding balance at any given time is subject to a number of factors including the status of site improvements, the mix of horizontal and vertical development underway, the timing of phase build outs, and the period necessary to complete the escrow process for homebuyers. As of June 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017, $31.32018, $24.4 million and $38.6$41.3 million, respectively, was outstanding under loans that are credit enhanced by the Company through LTV maintenance agreements. Under the terms of the joint venture agreements, the Company's proportionate share of LTV maintenance agreement liabilities was $5.0$4.9 million and $6.7$7.3 million respectively, as of June 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017.2018, respectively. In addition, the Company has provided completion agreements regarding specific performance for certain projects whereby the Company is required to complete the given project with funds provided by the beneficiary of the agreement. If there are not adequate funds available under the specific project loans, the Company would then be subject to financial liability under such completion guaranties. Typically, under such terms of the joint venture agreements, the Company has the right to apportion the respective share of any costs funded under such completion guaranties to its partners. However, there is no guarantee that we will be able to recover against our partners for such amounts owed to us under the terms of such joint venture agreements. In connection with joint venture borrowings, the Company also selectively provides (a) an environmental indemnity provided to



the lender that holds the lender harmless from and against losses arising from the discharge of hazardous materials from the property and non-compliance with applicable environmental laws; and (b) indemnification of the lender from customary "bad boy acts" of the unconsolidated entity such as fraud, misrepresentation, misapplication or non-payment of rents, profits, insurance, and condemnation proceeds, waste and mechanic liens, and bankruptcy. Additionally, in some cases, under our joint venture agreements, our shares of profits and losses may be greater than our contribution percentage.
For more information about our off-balance sheet arrangements, please see Note 11 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
As of June 30, 2018,2019, we held membership interests in 10 unconsolidated joint ventures, six of which related to homebuilding activities and four related to land development as noted below. Of the 10 joint ventures, six have active homebuilding or land development activities ongoing and the balance are effectively inactive with only limited warranty activities. We were a party to two loan-to-value maintenance agreements related to unconsolidated joint ventures as of June 30, 2018.2019. The following table reflects certain financial and other information related to our unconsolidated joint ventures as of June 30, 2018:
2019:
 June 30, 2018 June 30, 2019
Year
Formed
Location Total Joint Venture 
NWHM Equity (2)
Debt-to-Total
Capital-ization
Loan-to-
Value
Maintenance
Agreement
Future
Capital
Commitment(3)
Lots Owned and Controlled
Year
Formed
Location Total Joint Venture 
NWHM Equity (3)
Debt-to-Total
Capital-ization
Loan-to-
Value
Maintenance
Agreement
Estimated Future
Capital
Commitment(4)
Lots Owned and Controlled
Joint Venture (Project Name)Ownership %Assets
Debt(1)
Equity 
Contribu-tion %(1)
Assets
Debt(2)
Equity 
   (Dollars in 000's)    (Dollars in 000's) 
TNHC-HW San Jose LLC (Orchard Park)2012San Jose, CA15%2,408

543
 163
%N/A

2012San Jose, CA15%$2,149
$
$382
 $115
%N/A$

TNHC-TCN Santa Clarita LP (Villa Metro)(4)(5)
2012
Santa
Clarita, CA
10%1,288

723
 181
%N/A

2012
Santa
Clarita, CA
10%903

211
 53
%N/A

TNHC Newport LLC (Meridian)(4)(5)
2013
Newport
Beach, CA
12%2,234

1,615
 292
%N/A

2013
Newport
Beach, CA
12%1,750

1,603
 287
%N/A

Encore McKinley Village LLC (McKinley Village)2013Sacramento, CA10%80,888
18,866
56,913
 5,693
25%Yes
201
2013Sacramento, CA10%46,410
7,769
35,107
 3,512
18%Yes
91
TNHC Russell Ranch LLC (Russell Ranch)(5)(7)
2013Folsom, CA35%104,330
24,523
72,177
 27,048
25%No11,333
870
2013Folsom, CA35%59,553

49,654
 9,553
%N/A10,651
631
TNHC-HW Foster City LLC (Foster Square)(5)(6)
2013Foster City, CA35%1,793

1,006
 468
%N/A

2013Foster City, CA35%890

891
 414
%N/A

Calabasas Village LP (Avanti)(4)(5)
2013
Calabasas,
CA
10%40,547
9,510
29,993
 2,998
24%No
22
2013
Calabasas,
CA
10%12,398

11,483
 1,147
%N/A

TNHC-HW Cannery LLC (Cannery Park)(5)(6)
2013Davis, CA35%7,803

6,119
 2,141
%N/A
16
2013Davis, CA35%6,124

5,235
 1,833
%N/A
13
Arantine Hills Holdings LP (Bedford)(5)(6)
2014Corona, CA5%183,236

170,974
 8,549
%N/A1,080
1,419
2014Corona, CA5%215,299
16,230
185,425
 9,272
8%No1,467
1,280
TNHC Mountain Shadows LLC (Mountain Shadows)2015Paradise Valley, AZ25%57,187
22,717
32,191
 8,566
41%Yes
50
2015Paradise Valley, AZ25%48,535
16,565
27,265
 6,830
38%Yes
30
Total Unconsolidated Joint VenturesTotal Unconsolidated Joint Ventures $481,714
$75,616
$372,254
 $56,099
17% $12,413
2,578
Total Unconsolidated Joint Ventures $394,011
$40,564
$317,256
 $33,016
11% $12,118
2,045
 


(1)Actual equity interests may differ due to current phase of underlying project's life cycle. The contribution percentage reflects the percentage of capital we are generally obligated to contribute (subject to adjustment under the joint venture agreement) and generally (subject to waterfall provisions) aligns with our percentage of distributions. In some cases our share of profit and losses may be greater than our contribution percentage.
(2)The carrying value of the debt is presented net of $0.2 million in unamortized debt issuance costs. Scheduled maturities of the unconsolidated joint venture debt as of June 30, 20182019 are as follows: $35.0$16.7 million matures in 2018 and $40.82019, $16.3 million matures in 2019.2020, and $7.8 million matures in 2021. The $16.7 million of Mountain Shadows project has multiple debt instruments, some of which do not have LTV maintenance agreements.is due December 14, 2019; however, pursuant to the agreement, advances made related to the


construction of a presold home shall be due and payable 12 months after the initial advance of such loan with the option to extend an additional three months (provided no event of default has occurred).
(2)(3)Represents the Company's equity in unconsolidated joint ventures. Equity does not include $2.4$0.6 million of interest capitalized to certain investments in unconsolidated joint ventures which along with equity, are included in investments in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(3)(4)Estimated future capital commitment represents our proportionate share of estimated future contributions to the respective unconsolidated joint ventures as of June 30, 2018.2019. Actual contributions may differ materially.


(4)(5)Certain current and former members of the Company's board of directors are affiliated with entities that have an investment in these joint ventures. See Note 12 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
(5)(6)Land development joint venture.
(7)The Company's share of capital contributions for certain improvements in the aggregate amount of approximately $26 million is 50%.

As of June 30, 2018,2019, the unconsolidated joint ventures were in compliance with their respective loan covenants, where applicable, and we were not required to make any loan-to-value maintenance related payments during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.2019.



Inflation

Our homebuilding and fee building segments can be adversely impacted by inflation, primarily from higher land, financing, labor, material and construction costs. In addition, inflation can lead to higher mortgage rates, which can significantly affect the affordability of mortgage financing to homebuyers. While we attempt to pass on cost increases to customers through increased prices, when weak housing market conditions exist, we may be unable to offset cost increases with higher selling prices.
Seasonality
Historically, the homebuilding industry experiences seasonal fluctuations in quarterly operating results and capital requirements. We typically experience the highest new home order activity in spring and summer, although this activity is also highly dependent on the number of active selling communities, timing of new community openings and other market factors. Since it typically takes five to nine months to construct a new home, depending on whether it is single-family detached or multi-family attached, we typically deliver more homes in the second half of the year as spring and summer home orders convert to home deliveries. Because of this seasonality, home starts, construction costs and related cash outflows have historically been highest in the second and third quarters, and a higher level of cash receipts from home deliveries occurs during the second half of the year. We expect this seasonal pattern to continue over the long-term, although it may be affected by volatility in the homebuilding industry.

industry and the opening and closeout of communities.
Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting policies generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Management evaluates such estimates and judgments on an on-going basis and makes adjustments as deemed necessary. Actual results could differ from these estimates if conditions are significantly different in the future.
Our critical accounting estimates and policies have not changed from those reported in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 with the exception of our critical accounting policies for "Home Sales Revenue and Cost of Home Sales" and "Fee Building" which were updated upon the Company's adoption of ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) on January 1, 2018. Please see below for the updated policies.
Homes Sales Revenue and Cost of Homes Sales
In accordance with ASC 606, homebuilding revenue is recognized when our performance obligations within the underlying sales contracts are fulfilled. We consider our obligations fulfilled when closing conditions are complete, title has transferred to the homebuyer, and collection of the purchase price is reasonably assured. Sales incentives are recorded as a reduction of revenues when the respective home is closed. Cost of sales is recorded based upon total estimated costs to be allocated to each home within a community. Any changes to the estimated costs are allocated to the remaining undelivered lots and homes within their respective community. The estimation and allocation of these costs requires a substantial degree of judgment by management.
The estimation process involved in determining relative sales or fair values is inherently uncertain because it involves estimating future sales values of homes before sale and delivery. Additionally, in determining the allocation of costs to a particular land parcel or individual home, we rely on project budgets that are based on a variety of assumptions, including assumptions about construction schedules and future costs to be incurred. It is common that actual results differ from budgeted amounts for various reasons, including construction delays, increases in costs that have not been committed or unforeseen issues encountered during construction that fall outside the scope of existing contracts, or costs that come in less than originally anticipated. While the actual results for a particular construction project are accurately reported over time, a variance between the budget and actual costs could result in the understatement or overstatement of costs and have a related impact on gross margins between reporting periods. To reduce the potential for such variances, we have procedures that have been applied on a consistent basis, including assessing and revising project budgets on a periodic basis, obtaining commitments from subcontractors and vendors for future costs to be incurred, and utilizing the most recent information available to estimate costs. We believe that these policies and procedures provide for reasonably dependable estimates for purposes of calculating amounts to be relieved from inventories and expensed to cost of sales in connection with the delivery of homes.
Fee Building
The Company enters into fee building agreements to provide services whereby it builds homes on behalf of third-party property owners. The third-party property owner funds all project costs incurred by the Company to build and sell the homes. The Company primarily enters into cost plus fee contracts where it charges third-party property owners for all direct and indirect costs plus a fee. The fee is typically a per-unit fixed fee or based on a percentage of the cost or home sales revenue of the project depending on the terms of the agreement with the third-party property owner. For these types of contracts, the Company recognizes revenue based on the actual total costs it has incurred plus the applicable fee. In accordance with ASC 606, we apply the percentage-of-completion method, using the cost-to-cost approach, as it most accurately measures the progress of our efforts in satisfying our obligations within the fee building agreements. Under this approach, revenue is earned


in proportion to total costs incurred, divided by total costs expected to be incurred. In the course of providing fee building services, the Company routinely subcontracts for services and incurs other direct costs on behalf of the property owners. These costs are passed through to the property owners and, in accordance with GAAP, are included in the Company’s revenue and cost of sales.
     The Company also provides construction management and coordination services and sales and marketing services as part of agreements with third parties and its unconsolidated joint ventures. Within these agreements, the Company does not bear any financial risks. In certain contracts, the Company also provides project management and administrative services. For most services provided, the Company fulfills its related obligations as time-based measures, according to the input method guidance described in ASC 606. Accordingly, revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis as the Company's efforts are expended evenly throughout the performance period. The Company may also have an obligation to manage the home or lot sales process as part of providing sales and marketing services. This obligation is considered fulfilled when related homes or lots close escrow, as these events represent milestones reached according to the output method guidance described in ASC 606. Accordingly, revenue is recognized in the period that the corresponding lots or homes close escrow. Costs associated with these services are recognized as incurred.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards
The portion of Note 1 to the accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements under the heading "Recently Issued Accounting Standards" included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q is incorporated herein by reference.


JOBS Act
We qualify as an "emerging growth company" pursuant to the provisions of the JOBS Act. For as long as we are an "emerging growth company," we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not "emerging growth companies," including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, exemptions from the requirements of holding shareholder advisory "say-on-pay" votes on executive compensation and shareholder advisory votes on golden parachute compensation.



In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an "emerging growth company" can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. An "emerging growth company" can therefore delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. However, we have chosen to "opt out" of such extended transition period and, as a result, we will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for non-emerging growth companies. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that our decision to opt out of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards is irrevocable.


Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk


InformationThere has been no material change to the information about our market risk isas disclosed in Part II, Item 7A, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, and is incorporated herein by reference.2018.



Item 4.Controls and Procedures


Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures


We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC's rules and forms is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure based on the definition of "disclosure controls and procedures" in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide a reasonable level of assurance of reachingachieving our desired disclosure control objectives. In designing controls and procedures specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error and mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by management override of controls.
At the end of the period being reported upon, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of June 30, 2018.2019.


Changes in Internal Controls
There was no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.






PART II - OTHER INFORMATION


Item 1.Legal Proceedings
We are involved in various claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. We do not believe that any such claims and litigation will materially affect our results of operations or financial position.
Item 1A. Risk Factors


The following Risk Factor under the heading "Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock" is addedThere have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed underset forth in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” inof the Company’sCompany's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.2018.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock
Non-U.S. holders may be subject to United States federal income tax on gain realized on the sale or
disposition of shares of our common stock.

We believe that we are a “United States real property holding corporation,” or USRPHC, for United States
federal income tax purposes. If we are a USRPHC, Non-U.S. Holders (as defined below) may be subject to United States federal income tax (including withholding tax) upon a sale or disposition of our common stock, if (i) our common stock is not regularly traded on an established securities market, or (ii) our common stock is regularly traded on an established securities market, and the Non-U.S. Holder owned, actually or constructively, common stock with a fair market value of more than 5% of the total fair market value of such common stock throughout the shorter of the five-year period ending on the date of the sale or other disposition or the Non-U.S. Holder’s holding period for such common stock.

For purposes of this discussion, a “Non-U.S. Holder” is any beneficial owner of our common stock that is neither a “U.S. person” nor an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A U.S. person is any person that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is or is treated as any of the following:

an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;
a corporation created or organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia;
an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or
a trust that (1) is subject to the primary supervision of a U.S. court and the control of one or more “United States persons” (within the meaning of Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code), or (2) has a valid election in effect to be treated as a United States person for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer


 Total number of shares purchased Average price paid per share 
Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs(1)
 
Approximate dollar value of shares that may be purchased under the plans or programs
 (in thousands)(1)
April 1, 2018 to April 30, 2018
 $
 
 
May 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018125,364
 $10.09
 125,364
 $13,735
June 1, 2018 to June 30, 201879,876
 $10.06
 79,876
 $12,932
Total205,240
 $10.08
 205,240
 


(1) On May 10, 2018, our boardThe Company did not make any purchases of directors approved a stock repurchase program (the "Repurchase Program") authorizing the repurchase of the Company'sits common stock with an aggregate value of up to $15 million. The Repurchase Program was announced on May 14, 2018. Repurchases ofduring the Company's common stock may be made in open-market transactions, effected through a broker-dealer at prevailing market prices, in privately negotiated transactions, in block trades or by other means in accordance with federal securities laws, including pursuant to any trading plan that may be adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The board of directors did not fix any expiration date for the Repurchase Program.three months ended June 30, 2019.





Item 3.Defaults Upon Senior Securities
 
None.


Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures


Not applicable.


Item 5.Other Information
    
None.






Item 6.Exhibits
Exhibit
Number
 Exhibit Description
  
3.1 
  
3.2 
  
3.3 
   
4.1 
   
4.2 
   
4.3 
   
10.1* 
10.2
   
31.1* 
  
31.2* 
  
32.1** 
  
32.2** 
   
101* The following materials from The New Home Company Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2018,2019, formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Condensed Consolidated StatementStatements of Equity, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
101.INSXBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
*Filed herewith
**Furnished herewith. The information in Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 shall not be deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall they be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act, or the Exchange Act (including this Report), unless the Registrant specifically incorporates the foregoing information into those documents by reference.
Management Contract or Compensatory Plan or Arrangement








SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


       
    The New Home Company Inc.
    
    By: /s/ H. Lawrence Webb
      H. Lawrence Webb
      Chief Executive Officer
       
    By: /s/ John M. Stephens
      John M. Stephens
      Chief Financial Officer
Date: August 3, 2018July 30, 2019




6165