UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 __________________________________________________________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
 __________________________________________________________________________________________
(Mark One)
xQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 20192020
OR
oTRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from          to         
Commission File Number 001-36092
 __________________________________________________________________________________________
Premier, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 ___________________________________________________________________________________________
Delaware 35-2477140
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
  
13034 Ballantyne Corporate Place
Charlotte,North Carolina 28277
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(704) (704357-0022
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
 __________________________________________________________________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, $0.01 Par ValuePINCNASDAQ Global Select Market
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yesx  ☒     No   o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yesx   ☒ No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerx Accelerated filero Non-accelerated filero
Smaller reporting companyo Emerging growth companyo (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes   o No   x



Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, $0.01 Par ValuePINCNASDAQ Global Select Market
As of May 3, 2019,1, 2020, there were 61,826,77471,574,119 shares of the registrant's Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and 64,548,04450,213,098 shares of the registrant's Class B common stock, par value $0.000001 per share, outstanding.








TABLE OF CONTENTS






CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Statements made in this Quarterly Report that are not statements of historical or current facts, such as those under the heading "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements may involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from historical results or from any future results or projections expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. In addition to statements that explicitly describe such risks and uncertainties, readers are urged to consider statements in conditional or future tenses or that include terms such as "believes," "belief," "expects," "estimates," "intends," "anticipates" or "plans" to be uncertain and forward-looking. Forward-looking statements may include comments as to our beliefs and expectations regarding future events and trends affecting our business and are necessarily subject to uncertainties, many of which are outside our control. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated in any forward-looking statement include, but are not limited to:
the impact of the continuing financial and operational uncertainty due to the coronavirus ("COVID-19") pandemic, including its impact on the overall economy, our sales, operations and supply chains, our members, workforce and suppliers, and countries, and the interpretation and enforcement of current or future government regulations impacting suppliers' ability to bring drugs and devices to market as well as reimbursement to healthcare providers;
competition which could limit our ability to maintain or expand market share within our industry;
consolidation in the healthcare industry;
potential delays recognizing or increasing revenue if the sales cycle or implementation period takes longer than expected;
the terminability of member participation in our group purchasing organization ("GPO") programs with limited or no notice, or the failure of a significant number of members to renew their GPO participation agreements on substantially similar terms or at all;
the rate at which the markets for our SaaSsoftware as a service ("SaaS") informatics products and services develop;
the dependency of our members on payments from third-party payers;
our reliance on administrative fees that we receive from GPO suppliers;
our ability to maintain third-party provider and strategic alliances or enter into new alliances;
our ability to timely offer new and innovative products and services;
the portion of revenues we receive from our largest members;
risks and expenses related to future acquisition opportunities and integration of acquisitions;
financial and operational risks associated with investments in or loans to businesses that we do not control, particularly early stage companies;
potential litigation;
our reliance on Internet infrastructure, bandwidth providers, data center providers and other third parties and our own systems for providing services to our users;
data loss or corruption due to failures or errors in our systems and service disruptions at our data centers, or breaches or failures of our security measures;
the financial, operational and reputational consequences of cyber-attacks or other data security breaches that disrupt our operations or result in the dissemination of proprietary or confidential information about us or our members or other third parties;
our ability to use, disclose, de-identify or license data and to integrate third-party technologies;
our use of "open source" software;
changes in pharmaceutical industry pricing benchmarks;
our inability to grow our integrated pharmacy business or maintain current patients due to increases in the safety risk profiles of prescription drugs or the withdrawal of prescription drugs from the market, or our inability to maintain and expand our existing base of drugs in our integrated pharmacy operations;
our dependency on contract manufacturing facilities located in various parts of the world;


our ability to attract, hire, integrate and retain key personnel;


adequate protection of our intellectual property and potential claims against our use of the intellectual property of third parties;
potential sales and use tax liability in certain jurisdictions;
changes in tax laws that materially impact our tax rate, income tax expense, cash flows or tax receivable agreement ("TRA") liabilities;
our indebtedness and our ability to obtain additional financing on favorable terms, including our ability to renew or replace our existing long-term credit facility at maturity;
fluctuation of our quarterly cash flows, revenues and results of operations;
changes and uncertainty in the political, economic or regulatory environment affecting healthcare organizations, including with respect to the status of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Healthcare and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, collectively referred to as the "ACA";
our compliance with complex international, federal and state laws governing financial relationships among healthcare providers and the submission of false or fraudulent healthcare claims;
interpretation and enforcement of current or future antitrust laws and regulations;
compliance with complex federal and state privacy, security and breach notification laws;
compliance with current or future laws, rules or regulations adopted by the Food & Drug Administration ("FDA") applicable to our current or acquired software applications that may be considered medical devices;
compliance with, and potential changes to, extensive federal, state and local laws, regulations and procedures governing our integrated pharmacy operations;
risks inherent in the filling, packaging and distribution of pharmaceuticals, including the counseling required to be provided by our pharmacists for dispensing of products;
our holding company structure and dependence on distributions from Premier Healthcare Alliance, L.P. ("Premier LP");
different interests among our member owners or between us and our member owners;
the ability of our member owners to exercise significant control over us, including through the election of all of our directors;
exemption from certainour ability to comply with the NASDAQ corporate governance requirements due toguidelines triggered by the loss of our status as a "controlled company" within the meaning of the NASDAQ rules and the impact of any loss of such exemption;status in a timely manner;
the terms of agreements between us and our member owners;
payments made under the TRAs to Premier LP's limited partners and our ability to realize the expected tax benefits related to the acquisition of Class B common units of Premier LP (the "Class B common units") from Premier LP's limited partners;
changes to Premier LP's allocation methods or examinations or changes in interpretation of applicable tax laws and regulations by various taxing authorities that may increase a tax-exempt limited partner's risk that some allocated income is unrelated business taxable income;
provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and the Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of Premier LP (as amended, the "LP Agreement") and provisions of Delaware law that discourage or prevent strategic transactions, including a takeover of us;
failure to maintain an effective system of internal controls over financial reporting or an inability to remediate any weaknesses identified and the related costs of remediation;
the number of shares of Class A common stock that will be eligible for sale uponor exchange of Class B common units of Premier LP in the near future and the dilutive effect of such issuances;
our lack of current plans to pay cash dividends on our Class A common stock;


the timing and number of shares of Class A common stock repurchasedre-purchased by the Company, if any, pursuant to our current or any future Class A common stock repurchase program;
possible future issuances of common stock, preferred stock, limited partnership units or debt securities and the dilutive effect of such issuances; and
the risk factors discussed under the heading "Risk Factors" in Item 1A of Part II herein and under Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 20182019 (the "2018"2019 Annual Report"), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").
More information on potential factors that could affect our financial results is included from time to time in the "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements," "Risk Factors" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and


Results of Operations" or similarly captioned sections of this Quarterly Report and our other periodic and current filings made from time to time with the SEC, which are available on our website at http://investors.premierinc.com/. You should not place undue reliance on any of our forward-looking statements which speak only as of the date they are made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Furthermore, we cannot guarantee future results, events, levels of activity, performance or achievements.




PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
PREMIER, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except share data)
March 31, 2019June 30, 2018March 31, 2020June 30, 2019
Assets  
Cash and cash equivalents$137,512
$152,386
$241,734
$141,055
Accounts receivable (net of $3,716 and $1,841 allowance for doubtful accounts, respectively)206,595
185,874
Accounts receivable (net of $1,125 and $739 allowance for doubtful accounts, respectively)139,902
168,115
Contract assets197,016

234,467
205,509
Inventory64,775
66,139
48,522
51,032
Prepaid expenses and other current assets28,593
23,325
87,746
23,765
Due from related parties466
894
Current assets of discontinued operations
24,568
Total current assets634,957
428,618
752,371
614,044
Property and equipment (net of $347,301 and $297,591 accumulated depreciation, respectively)212,306
206,693
Intangible assets (net of $195,404 and $153,635 accumulated amortization, respectively)303,966
322,115
Property and equipment (net of $431,633 and $359,235 accumulated depreciation, respectively)203,512
205,108
Intangible assets (net of $233,888 and $197,858 accumulated amortization, respectively)420,104
270,722
Goodwill943,970
906,545
929,615
880,709
Deferred income tax assets413,511
305,624
436,047
422,014
Deferred compensation plan assets43,696
44,577
42,780
45,466
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates98,642
94,053
120,642
99,636
Operating lease right-of-use assets59,901

Other assets33,125
3,991
98,097
31,868
Total assets$2,684,173
$2,312,216
$3,063,069
$2,569,567
  
Liabilities, redeemable limited partners' capital and stockholders' deficit 
Liabilities, redeemable limited partners' capital and stockholders' equity (deficit) 
Accounts payable$68,708
$60,130
$62,304
$54,540
Accrued expenses108,042
64,257
67,289
82,476
Revenue share obligations132,602
78,999
149,976
137,359
Limited partners' distribution payable13,145
15,465
9,314
13,202
Accrued compensation and benefits54,771
64,112
56,208
70,799
Deferred revenue34,154
39,785
38,042
35,623
Current portion of tax receivable agreements17,505
17,925
18,118
17,505
Current portion of long-term debt152,046
100,250
Line of credit and current portion of long-term debt254,745
27,608
Other liabilities7,009
7,959
30,187
7,113
Current liabilities of discontinued operations
11,797
Total current liabilities587,982
448,882
686,183
458,022
Long-term debt, less current portion6,188
6,962
4,828
6,003
Tax receivable agreements, less current portion323,863
237,176
276,739
326,607
Deferred compensation plan obligations43,696
44,577
42,780
45,466
Deferred tax liabilities20,479
17,569
13,140
4,766
Deferred consideration112,917

Operating lease liabilities, less current portion55,336

Other liabilities63,681
63,704
71,265
67,683
Total liabilities1,045,889
818,870
1,263,188
908,547
 
Redeemable limited partners' capital1,658,419
2,523,270
Stockholders' equity (deficit): 



 March 31, 2019June 30, 2018
 



Redeemable limited partners' capital2,239,998
2,920,410
Stockholders' deficit:  
Class A common stock, $0.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized; 64,245,753 shares issued and 61,391,417 shares outstanding at March 31, 2019 and 57,530,733 shares issued and 52,761,177 shares outstanding at June 30, 2018642
575
Class B common stock, $0.000001 par value, 600,000,000 shares authorized; 64,983,232 and 80,335,701 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2019 and June 30, 2018, respectively

Treasury stock, at cost; 2,854,336 and 4,769,556 shares, respectively(102,910)(150,058)
Additional paid-in-capital

Accumulated deficit(499,446)(1,277,581)
Total stockholders' deficit(601,714)(1,427,064)
Total liabilities, redeemable limited partners' capital and stockholders' deficit$2,684,173
$2,312,216
 March 31, 2020June 30, 2019
Class A common stock, $0.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized; 71,070,617 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2020 and 64,357,305 shares issued and 61,938,157 shares outstanding at June 30, 2019711
644
Class B common stock, $0.000001 par value, 600,000,000 shares authorized; 50,715,564 and 64,548,044 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2019, respectively

Treasury stock, at cost; 0 and 2,419,148 shares at March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2019, respectively
(87,220)
Additional paid-in-capital140,751

Accumulated deficit
(775,674)
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)141,462
(862,250)
Total liabilities, redeemable limited partners' capital and stockholders' equity (deficit)$3,063,069
$2,569,567
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.




PREMIER, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except per share data)
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
Three Months Ended March 31,Nine Months Ended March 31,March 31,
20192018201920182020201920202019
Net revenue:  
Net administrative fees$164,534
$161,612
$492,229
$471,946
$174,049
$164,534
$518,566
$492,229
Other services and support95,937
97,492
282,656
274,357
99,591
95,111
270,929
279,734
Services260,471
259,104
774,885
746,303
273,640
259,645
789,495
771,963
Products162,404
166,234
471,393
480,997
61,183
41,568
167,344
129,441
Net revenue422,875
425,338
1,246,278
1,227,300
334,823
301,213
956,839
901,404
Cost of revenue:  
 
Services46,545
47,037
133,106
141,228
49,007
46,545
143,965
133,107
Products157,438
156,511
458,593
454,222
54,121
39,496
150,415
124,024
Cost of revenue203,983
203,548
591,699
595,450
103,128
86,041
294,380
257,131
Gross profit218,892
221,790
654,579
631,850
231,695
215,172
662,459
644,273
Other operating income: 
Remeasurement of tax receivable agreement liabilities


177,174
Other operating income


177,174
Operating expenses:  
Selling, general and administrative118,503
109,007
334,485
331,948
115,289
113,336
315,311
320,198
Research and development296
292
928
1,105
628
296
1,808
928
Amortization of purchased intangible assets14,233
13,881
41,770
41,597
13,966
13,572
38,948
39,787
Operating expenses133,032
123,180
377,183
374,650
129,883
127,204
356,067
360,913
Operating income85,860
98,610
277,396
434,374
101,812
87,968
306,392
283,360
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates553
(4,939)4,687
570
Equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates4,442
553
11,038
4,687
Interest and investment loss, net(1,081)(1,236)(2,628)(4,239)(9,966)(1,081)(9,849)(2,628)
Loss on disposal of long-lived assets(303)(5)(303)(1,725)
(Loss) gain on FFF put and call rights(13,906)(4,109)8,477
3,458
Other (expense) income(135)(2,593)5,123
(14,486)(5,005)3,671
(1,996)1,362
Other (expense) income, net(966)(8,773)6,879
(19,880)(24,435)(966)7,670
6,879
Income before income taxes84,894
89,837
284,275
414,494
77,377
87,002
314,062
290,239
Income tax expense11,092
13,288
23,689
257,560
4,165
11,737
78,336
25,791
Net income from continuing operations73,212
75,265
235,726
264,448
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax5
(1,463)1,009
(3,862)
Net income73,802
76,549
260,586
156,934
73,217
73,802
236,735
260,586
Net income from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interest(35,055)(44,135)(132,189)(163,230)
Net (income) loss from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interest(3)747
(480)2,098
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP(43,388)(53,047)(161,132)(154,142)(35,058)(43,388)(132,669)(161,132)
Adjustment of redeemable limited partners' capital to redemption amount235,394
(127,039)178,910
511,301
302,569
235,394
516,725
178,910
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders$265,808
$(103,537)$278,364
$514,093
Net income attributable to stockholders$340,728
$265,808
$620,791
$278,364
  
Weighted average shares outstanding:  
Basic62,020
53,529
58,346
53,885
69,451
62,020
65,582
58,346
Diluted129,072
53,529
132,249
138,254
122,470
129,072
124,030
132,249
  
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to stockholders: 
Basic$4.29
$(1.93)$4.77
$9.54
Diluted$0.48
$(1.93)$1.68
$0.79


 Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
 March 31,March 31,
 2020201920202019
Earnings per share attributable to stockholders:    
Basic (loss) earnings per share:    
Continuing operations$4.91
$4.30
$9.46
$4.80
Discontinued operations
(0.01)0.01
(0.03)
Basic earnings per share attributable to stockholders$4.91
$4.29
$9.47
$4.77
     
Diluted (loss) earnings per share:    
Continuing operations$0.54
$0.49
$1.66
$1.71
Discontinued operations
(0.01)
(0.03)
Diluted earnings per share attributable to stockholders$0.54
$0.48
$1.66
$1.68
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.




PREMIER, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
Three Months Ended March 31,Nine Months Ended March 31,March 31,
20192018201920182020201920202019
Net income$73,802
$76,549
$260,586
$156,934
$73,217
$73,802
$236,735
$260,586
Less: comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest(43,388)(53,047)(161,132)(154,142)(35,058)(43,388)(132,669)(161,132)
Comprehensive income attributable to stockholders$30,414
$23,502
$99,454
$2,792
$38,159
$30,414
$104,066
$99,454
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.




PREMIER, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' DeficitEquity (Deficit)
Nine Months Ended March 31, 20192020
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)
Class A
Common Stock
Class B
Common Stock
Treasury StockAdditional Paid-In CapitalAccumulated DeficitTotal Stockholders' DeficitClass A
Common Stock
Class B
Common Stock
Treasury StockAdditional Paid-In CapitalAccumulated DeficitTotal Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
SharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmount
Balance at June 30, 201852,761
$575
80,336
$
4,769
$(150,058)$
$(1,277,581)$(1,427,064)
Balance at July 1, 201852,761
575
80,336

4,769
(150,058)
(1,277,581)(1,427,064)
Balance at June 30, 201961,938
$644
64,548
$
2,419
$(87,220)$
$(775,674)$(862,250)
Balance at July 1, 201961,938
644
64,548

2,419
(87,220)
(775,674)(862,250)
Impact of change in accounting principle






121,945
121,945







(899)(899)
Adjusted balance at July 1, 201852,761
$575
80,336
$
4,769
$(150,058)$
$(1,155,636)$(1,305,119)
Adjusted balance at July 1, 201961,938
644
64,548

2,419
(87,220)
(776,573)(863,149)
Exchange of Class B units for Class A common stock by member owners817

(817)
(817)25,974
4,562

30,536
1,311

(1,311)
(1,311)47,258
3,534

50,792
Increase in additional paid-in capital related to quarterly exchange by member owners, including associated TRA revaluation





373

373
Redemption of limited partners

(782)





Increase in additional paid-in capital related to departures and quarterly exchange by member owners, including associated TRA revaluation





12,272

12,272
Issuance of Class A common stock under equity incentive plan547
5




7,467

7,472
485
5




1,749

1,754
Treasury stock(335)


335
(12,313)

(12,313)(1,055)


1,055
(35,649)

(35,649)
Stock-based compensation expense





6,195

6,195






3,704

3,704
Repurchase of vested restricted units for employee tax-withholding





(6,948)
(6,948)





(8,311)
(8,311)
Net income






81,973
81,973







71,329
71,329
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP






(55,113)(55,113)






(41,907)(41,907)
Adjustment of redeemable limited partners' capital to redemption amount





(11,649)(696,544)(708,193)





(12,948)707,257
694,309
Balance at September 30, 201853,790
$580
79,519
$
4,287
$(136,397)$
$(1,825,320)$(1,961,136)
Balance at September 30, 201962,679
$649
62,455
$
2,163
$(75,611)$
$(39,894)$(114,856)
Exchange of Class B units for Class A common stock by member owners9,807
55
(9,807)
(4,287)136,397
304,892

441,344
6,873
19
(6,873)
(5,031)164,810
59,117

223,946
Redemption of limited partners

(227)





Increase in additional paid-in capital related to quarterly exchange
by member owners, including associated TRA revaluation






14,379

14,379
Increase in additional paid-in capital related to departure and quarterly exchange by member owners, including associated TRA revaluation





1,103

1,103
Issuance of Class A common stock under equity incentive plan187
3




4,648

4,651
146
1




4,243

4,244
Issuance of Class A common stock under employee stock purchase plan38





1,488

1,488
40





1,540

1,540
Treasury stock(2,535)


2,535
(97,199)

(97,199)(3,549)


3,549
(112,917)

(112,917)
Stock-based compensation expense





7,716

7,716






7,775

7,775
Repurchase of vested restricted units for employee tax-withholding





(1,082)
(1,082)





(47)
(47)
Net income






104,811
104,811







92,189
92,189
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP






(62,631)(62,631)






(55,704)(55,704)
Adjustment of redeemable limited partner's capital to redemption amount





(332,041)983,750
651,709






(73,731)(406,422)(480,153)
Balance at December 31, 201861,287
$638
69,485
$
2,535
$(97,199)$
$(799,390)$(895,951)
Balance at December 31, 201966,189
$669
55,582
$
681
$(23,718)$
$(409,831)$(432,880)
Exchange of Class B units for Class A common stock by member owners3,705
2
(3,705)
(3,500)134,910
12,528

147,440
4,866
41
(4,866)
(723)25,245
143,908

169,194
Redemption of limited partners

(797)





Increase in additional paid-in capital related to quarterly exchange
by member owners, including associated TRA revaluation






9,730

9,730
Increase in additional paid-in capital related to departure and quarterly exchange by member owners, including associated TRA revaluation





58,193

58,193
Issuance of Class A common stock under equity incentive plan218
2




5,189

5,191
58
1




308

309
Treasury stock(3,819)


3,819
(140,621)

(140,621)(42)


42
(1,527)

(1,527)
Stock-based compensation expense





6,781

6,781






7,568

7,568
Repurchase of vested restricted units for employee tax-withholding





(92)
(92)





(123)
(123)
Net income






73,802
73,802







73,217
73,217
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP






(43,388)(43,388)






(35,058)(35,058)
Adjustment of redeemable limited partner's capital to redemption amount





(34,136)269,530
235,394






(69,103)371,672
302,569
Balance at March 31, 201961,391
$642
64,983
$
2,854
$(102,910)$
$(499,446)$(601,714)
Balance at March 31, 202071,071
$711
50,716
$

$
$140,751
$
$141,462
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.



PREMIER, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' DeficitEquity (Deficit)
Nine Months Ended March 31, 20182019
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)
Class A
Common Stock
Class B
Common Stock
Treasury StockAdditional Paid-In CapitalAccumulated DeficitTotal Stockholders' DeficitClass A
Common Stock
Class B
Common Stock
Treasury StockAdditional Paid-In CapitalAccumulated DeficitTotal Stockholders' Deficit
SharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmount
Balance at June 30, 201751,943
$519
87,299
$

$
$
$(1,662,772)$(1,662,253)
Balance at June 30, 201852,761
$575
80,336
$
4,769
$(150,058)$
$(1,277,581)$(1,427,064)
Balance at July 1, 201852,761
575
80,336

4,769
(150,058)
(1,277,581)(1,427,064)
Impact of change in accounting principle






121,945
121,945
Adjusted balance at July 1, 201852,761
$575
80,336
$
4,769
$(150,058)$
$(1,155,636)$(1,305,119)
Exchange of Class B units for Class A common stock by member owners1,232
13
(1,232)


42,963

42,976
817

(817)
(817)25,974
4,562

30,536
Decrease in additional paid-in capital related to quarterly exchange by member owners, including associated TRA revaluation





(11,452)
(11,452)
Increase in additional paid-in capital related to quarterly exchange by member owners, including associated TRA revaluation





373

373
Issuance of Class A common stock under equity incentive plan383
4




2,648

2,652
547
5




7,467

7,472
Treasury stock(335)


335
(12,313)

(12,313)
Stock-based compensation expense





8,815

8,815






6,195

6,195
Repurchase of vested restricted units for employee tax-withholding





(5,729)
(5,729)





(6,948)
(6,948)
Net income






60,616
60,616







81,973
81,973
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP






(44,610)(44,610)






(55,113)(55,113)
Adjustment of redeemable limited partners' capital to redemption amount





(37,245)357,669
320,424






(11,649)(696,544)(708,193)
Balance at September 30, 201753,558
$536
86,067
$

$
$
$(1,289,097)$(1,288,561)
Balance at September 30, 201853,790
$580
79,519
$
4,287
$(136,397)$
$(1,825,320)$(1,961,136)
Exchange of Class B units for Class A common stock by member owners3,651
37
(3,651)


119,252

119,289
9,807
55
(9,807)
(4,287)136,397
304,892

441,344
Redemption of limited partners

(133)







(227)





Increase in additional paid-in capital related to quarterly exchange by member owners, including associated TRA revaluation





2,783

2,783






14,379

14,379
Issuance of Class A common stock under equity incentive plan7





156

156
187
3




4,648

4,651
Issuance of Class A common stock under employee stock purchase plan48





1,388

1,388
38





1,488

1,488
Treasury stock(2,578)


2,578
(74,698)

(74,698)(2,535)


2,535
(97,199)

(97,199)
Stock-based compensation expense





8,884

8,884






7,716

7,716
Repurchase of vested restricted units for employee tax-withholding





(14)
(14)





(1,082)
(1,082)
Net income






19,769
19,769







104,811
104,811
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP






(56,485)(56,485)






(62,631)(62,631)
Adjustment of redeemable limited partners' capital to redemption amount





(132,449)450,365
317,916
Balance at December 31, 201754,686
$573
82,283
$
2,578
$(74,698)$
$(875,448)$(949,573)
Adjustment of redeemable limited partner's capital to redemption amount





(332,041)983,750
651,709
Balance at December 31, 201861,287
$638
69,485
$
2,535
$(97,199)$
$(799,390)$(895,951)
Exchange of Class B units for Class A common stock by member owners1,006

(1,006)
(1,006)29,855
2,804

32,659
3,705
2
(3,705)
(3,500)134,910
12,528

147,440
Redemption of limited partners

(299)







(797)





Increase in additional paid-in capital related to quarterly exchange by member owners, including associated TRA revaluation





2,753

2,753






9,730

9,730
Issuance of Class A common stock under equity incentive plan89
1




806

807
218
2




5,189

5,191
Treasury stock(3,840)


3,840
(125,431)

(125,431)(3,819)


3,819
(140,621)

(140,621)
Stock-based compensation expense





7,231

7,231






6,781

6,781
Repurchase of vested restricted units for employee tax-withholding





(173)
(173)





(92)
(92)
Net income






76,549
76,549







73,802
73,802
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP






(53,047)(53,047)






(43,388)(43,388)
Adjustment of redeemable limited partners' capital to redemption amount





(13,421)(113,618)(127,039)
Balance at March 31, 201851,941
$574
80,978
$
5,412
$(170,274)$
$(965,564)$(1,135,264)
Adjustment of redeemable limited partner's capital to redemption amount





(34,136)269,530
235,394
Balance at March 31, 201961,391
$642
64,983
$
2,854
$(102,910)$
$(499,446)$(601,714)
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.




PREMIER, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)
Nine Months Ended March 31,Nine Months Ended March 31,
2019201820202019
Operating activities  
Net income$260,586
$156,934
$236,735
$260,586
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:  
(Income) loss from discontinued operations, net of tax(1,009)3,862
Depreciation and amortization105,952
93,998
114,638
103,316
Equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates(4,687)(570)(11,038)(4,687)
Deferred income taxes7,747
243,550
60,394
9,849
Stock-based compensation20,692
24,930
19,048
20,354
Remeasurement of tax receivable agreement liabilities
(177,174)(24,584)
Loss on disposal of long-lived assets303
1,725
(Gain) loss on FFF put and call rights(3,458)18,674
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: 
Accounts receivable, contract assets, prepaid expenses and other current assets(56,886)(3,558)
Other assets(1,646)378
Inventories1,364
(6,804)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, deferred revenue and other current liabilities37,873
9,690
Long-term liabilities(2,223)1,336
Impairment of held to maturity investments8,500

Gain on FFF put and call rights(8,477)(3,458)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of the effects of acquisitions: 
Accounts receivable, inventories, prepaid expenses and other assets(95,953)(30,268)
Contract assets(28,909)(28,056)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, deferred revenue, revenue share obligations and other liabilities(23,341)24,118
Other operating activities2,519
6,625
2,078
1,018
Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations248,082
356,634
Net cash provided by operating activities from discontinued operations9,338
11,502
Net cash provided by operating activities368,136
369,734
257,420
368,136
Investing activities  
Purchases of property and equipment(70,117)(65,260)(69,326)(69,906)
Acquisition of Stanson Health, Inc., net of cash acquired(50,854)
Investments in convertible notes(11,500)
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired(96,346)(50,854)
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates(10,165)
Proceeds from sale of assets3,632

Other investing activities86

251
(11,414)
Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations(171,954)(132,174)
Net cash used in investing activities from discontinued operations
(211)
Net cash used in investing activities(132,385)(65,260)(171,954)(132,385)
Financing activities  
Payments made on notes payable
(7,997)(2,046)
Redemption of limited partner of Premier LP256

Proceeds from credit facility50,000
30,000
375,000
50,000
Payments on credit facility
(50,000)(150,000)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options under equity incentive plan17,314
3,615
Proceeds from issuance of Class A common stock under employee stock purchase plan1,488
1,388
Repurchase of vested restricted units for employee tax-withholding(8,122)(5,916)
Distributions to limited partners of Premier LP(44,746)(66,098)(39,590)(44,746)
Payments to limited partners of Premier LP related to tax receivable agreements(17,975)
(17,425)(17,975)
Repurchase of Class A common stock (held as treasury stock)(248,840)(200,129)(150,093)(248,840)
Earn-out liability payment to GNYHA Holdings
(16,662)
Net cash used in financing activities(250,625)(311,799)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents(14,874)(7,325)
Other financing activities(633)10,936
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities15,213
(250,625)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents100,679
(14,874)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year152,386
156,735
141,055
152,386
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$137,512
$149,410
$241,734
$137,512



 Nine Months Ended March 31,
 20192018
   
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities:  
Decrease in redeemable limited partners' capital for adjustment to fair value, with offsetting increase in additional paid-in-capital and accumulated deficit$178,910
$511,301
Reduction in redeemable limited partners' capital, with offsetting increases in common stock and additional paid-in capital related to quarterly exchanges by member owners$619,321
$194,924
Reduction in redeemable limited partners' capital for limited partners' distribution payable$42,426
$54,305
Distributions utilized to reduce subscriptions, notes, interest and accounts receivable from member owners$933
$1,478
Net increase in deferred tax assets related to quarterly exchanges by member owners and other adjustments$128,723
$82,244
Net increase in tax receivable agreement liabilities related to quarterly exchanges by member owners and other adjustments$104,241
$88,160
Net increase (decrease) in additional paid-in capital related to quarterly exchanges by member owners and other adjustments$24,482
$(5,916)
Increase in treasury stock related to a forward purchase commitment as a result of applying trade date accounting when recording the repurchase of Class A common stock$1,293
$
Payable to member owners incurred upon repurchase of ownership interest$1,820
$942
 Nine Months Ended March 31,
 20202019
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities:  
Decrease in redeemable limited partners' capital for adjustment to fair value, with offsetting increase in additional paid-in-capital and accumulated deficit$516,725
$178,910
Decrease in redeemable limited partners' capital, with offsetting decrease in common stock and additional paid-in capital related to quarterly exchanges by member owners443,931
619,321
Decrease in redeemable limited partners' capital for limited partners' distribution payable35,701
42,426
Distributions utilized to reduce subscriptions, notes, interest and accounts receivable from member owners209
933
Net increase in deferred tax assets related to departures and quarterly exchanges by member owners and other adjustments63,958
128,723
Net (decrease) increase in tax receivable agreement liabilities related to departures and quarterly exchanges by member owners and other adjustments(7,246)104,241
Net decrease in notes payable related to departures and quarterly exchanges by member owners and other adjustments364

Net increase in additional paid-in capital related to departures and quarterly exchanges by member owners and other adjustments71,568
24,482
Increase in treasury stock related to a payable as a result of applying trade date accounting when recording the repurchase of Class A common stock
1,293
Contingent consideration related to acquisition of business26,481

Deferred consideration related to acquisition of business118,320

Non-cash additions to property and equipment5,000

Payable to member owners incurred upon repurchase of ownership interest1,372
1,820
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.




PREMIER, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(1) ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Organization
Premier, Inc. ("Premier" or the "Company") is a publicly-held, for-profit Delaware corporation owned by public stockholders and by hospitals, health systems and other healthcare organizations (such owners of Premier are referred to herein as "member owners") located in the United States and by public stockholders.States. The Company is a holding company with no material business operations of its own. The Company's primary asset is its equity interest in its wholly-owned subsidiary Premier Services, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("Premier GP"). Premier GP is the sole general partner of Premier Healthcare Alliance, L.P. ("Premier LP"), a California limited partnership. The Company conducts substantially all of its business operations through Premier LP and its other consolidated subsidiaries. The Company, together with its subsidiaries and affiliates, is a leading healthcare performance improvement company that unites hospitals, health systems, physicians and other healthcare providers to improve and innovate in the clinical, financial and operational areas of their businesses to meet the demands of a rapidly evolving healthcare industry.
The Company's business model and solutions are designed to provide its members access to scale efficiencies, spread the cost of their development, provide actionable intelligence derived from anonymized data in the Company's data warehouse, mitigate the risk of innovation and disseminate best practices to help the Company's member organizations succeed in their transformation to higher quality and more cost-effective healthcare.
The Company, together with its subsidiaries and affiliates, delivers its integrated platform of solutions through two2 business segments: Supply Chain Services and Performance Services. See Note 17 - Segments for further information related to the Company's reportable business segments. The Supply Chain Services segment includes one of the largest healthcare group purchasing organization ("GPO") programs in the United States and integrated pharmacy and direct sourcing activities. The Performance Services segment, through its development, integration and delivery of technology with wrap-around service offerings, includes one of the largest informatics and consulting services businesses in the United States focused on healthcare providers. More specifically, theThe Company's software as a service ("SaaS") informatics products utilize the Company's comprehensive data set to provide actionable intelligence to its members, enabling them to benchmark, analyze and identify areas of improvement across the three3 main categories of cost management, quality and safety, and value-based care. While leveraging these tools, the Company also combines its consulting services and technology-enabled performance improvement collaboratives to provide a more comprehensive and holistic customer value proposition and overall experience. The Performance Services segment also includes the Company's government services and insurance management services.
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Acquisition of Acurity and Nexera Assets
On February 28, 2020, the Company, through two newly formed consolidated subsidiaries, Prince A Purchaser, LLC ("PAP") and Prince N Purchaser, LLC ("PNP"), acquired substantially all of the assets and certain liabilities of Acurity, Inc. and Nexera, Inc., both indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries of Greater New York Hospital Association ("GNYHA"), for an aggregate amount of $291.5 million, of which $166.1 million was paid at closing with borrowings under the Company's Credit Facility (as defined in Note 9 - Debt). Pursuant to the terms of the asset purchase agreement (as amended, the "Purchase Agreement"), an additional $120.0 million will be paid to the sellers in 4 equal annual installments of $30.0 million on or about June 30, 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2024. An additional $5.4 million is expected to be paid during the Company’s second fiscal quarter of 2021. In addition to the aggregate amount of $291.5 million, the Purchase Agreement provides a graduated earn-out opportunity to Acurity, Inc. of up to $30.0 million based upon the Company’s achievement of a range of member renewals on terms to be agreed to by the Company and GNYHA based on prevailing market conditions in December 2023.
After the closing of the transaction, PAP and PNP changed their names to Acurity, LLC ("Acurity") and Nexera, LLC ("Nexera"), respectively. Acurity is a regional group purchasing organization and has been a customer and strategic partner of the Company for more than 24 years. Nexera is a hospital financial improvement consulting firm which partners with healthcare organizations to improve hospital and health system performance, with a significant focus on supply chain enhancement and transformation. The Company reports the operations of Acurity and Nexera as part of its Supply Chain Services segment. See Note 3 - Business Acquisitions for further information.
Acquisition of Medpricer
On October 28, 2019, the Company, through its consolidated subsidiary, Premier Supply Chain Improvement, Inc. ("PSCI"), acquired all of the outstanding capital stock in Medpricer.com, Inc. ("Medpricer") for an adjusted purchase price of $38.5 million


with borrowings under the Credit Facility. Medpricer is a SaaS-based provider of technology solutions that enable hospitals and other organizations to analyze, benchmark and source purchased services contracts independent of any existing GPO affiliation. Medpricer is reported as part of the Supply Chain Services segment. See Note 3 - Business Acquisitions for further information.
Acquisition of Stanson
On November 9, 2018, the Company, through its consolidated subsidiary Premier Healthcare Solutions, Inc. ("PHSI"), acquired all of the outstanding capital stock in Stanson Health, Inc. ("Stanson") through a reverse subsidiary merger transaction for an adjusted purchase price of $55.4 million in cash. Stanson is a SaaS-based provider of clinical decision support tools that are integrated directly into the electronic health record workflow to help provide real-time, patient-specific best practices at the point of care. Stanson is reported as part of the Performance Services segment. See Note 3 - Business Acquisitions for further information.
Divestiture of Specialty Pharmacy Business - Discontinued Operations
On June 7, 2019, the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries, NS3 Health, LLC, Commcare Pharmacy - FTL, LLC, and Acro Pharmaceutical Services LLC completed the sale of prescription files and records and certain other assets used in the Company's specialty pharmacy business to ProCare Pharmacy, L.L.C., an affiliate of CVS Health Corporation, for $22.3 million. The Company also received $7.6 million related to the sale of a portion of its pharmaceutical inventory on June 10, 2019, and an additional $3.6 million on July 24, 2019 primarily in connection with the sale of its remaining pharmaceutical inventory. In addition, during the nine months ended March 31, 2020, the Company substantially completed its wind down and exit from the specialty pharmacy business. See Note 4 - Discontinued Operations and Exit Activities for further information.
The Company met the criteria for classifying certain assets and liabilities of the specialty pharmacy business as a discontinued operation as of June 30, 2019. Accordingly, unless otherwise indicated, information in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements has been retrospectively adjusted to reflect continuing operations for all periods presented.
Company Structure
The Company, through Premier GP, held an approximate 49%58% and 40%49% sole general partner interest in Premier LP at March 31, 20192020 and June 30, 2018,2019, respectively. In addition to their equity ownership interest in the Company, ourthe member owners held an aggregate of approximatelyapproximate 42% and 51% and 60% limited partner interest in Premier LP at March 31, 20192020 and June 30, 2018,2019, respectively. As a result of exchanges under an exchange agreement entered into by the member owners in connection with the completion of the Company's initial public offering on October 1, 2013 (the "Exchange Agreement"), as of July 31, 2019, the Class A common stock and Class B common stock represented approximately 50.2% and 49.8% respectively, of the Company's combined Class A and Class B common stock and accordingly, the Class B common stock held by member owners no longer represented the majority of the Company's outstanding common stock. On July 31, 2019, as a result of the Class B common unit exchange process, the Company no longer qualified for the "controlled company" exemption under NASDAQ rules and must comply with all general NASDAQ rules regarding board and committee composition by July 31, 2020. The Company expects to comply with all NASDAQ rules in a timely manner, including having a majority of independent directors on the Board of Directors by July 31, 2020.
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
Basis of Presentation
The member owners' interest in Premier LP is reflected as redeemable limited partners' capital in the Company's accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and the limited partners' proportionate share of income in Premier LP is reflected within net income attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP in the Company's accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and within comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP in the Company's accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.
At March 31, 20192020 and June 30, 2018,2019, the member owners owned an aggregate of approximately42% and 51% and 60%, respectively, of the Company's combined Class A and Class B common stock through their ownership of Class B common stock. During the nine months ended March 31, 2019,2020, the member owners exchanged 14.313.1 million Class B common units and associated Class B common shares for an equal number of Class A common shares pursuant to an exchange agreement (the "Exchange Agreement") entered into by the member owners in connection with the completion of our initial public offering on October 1, 2013.Exchange Agreement. The Exchange Agreement provides each member owner the cumulative right to exchange up to one-seventh of its initial allocation of Class B common units, as well as any additional Class B common units purchased by such member owner pursuant to certain rights of first refusal, for shares of Class A common stock (on a one-for-one basis subject to customary adjustments for subdivisions or combinations by split, reverse split, distribution, reclassification, recapitalization or otherwise), cash or a combination of both, the form of consideration to be at the discretion of the Company's independent Audit and Compliance Committee of the Board of Directors (the "Audit and Compliance Committee"). In connection with Class B common units exchanged for Class A common


shares duringDuring the nine months ended March 31, 2019, approximately 14.32020, 13.1 million Class B common units were contributed to Premier LP, converted to Class A common units and remain outstanding. Correspondingly, approximately 14.313.1 million Class B common shares were retired during the same period. For further information, see Note 10 - Redeemable Limited Partners' Capital and Note 12 - Earnings (Loss) Per Share.
Refer to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018 (the "2018 Annual Report") filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on August 23, 2018 for further discussion of the Exchange Agreement.

At both March 31, 20192020 and June 30, 2018,2019, the public investors, which may include member owners that have received shares of Class A common stock in connection with previous exchanges of their Class B common units and associated Class B common shares, for an equal number of Class A common shares, owned an aggregate of approximately58% and 49% and 40%, respectively, of the Company's outstanding common stock through their ownership of Class A common stock.
The Company has corrected prior period information within the current period financial statements related to a specific component used in calculating the tax effect on Premier, Inc. net income for purposes of diluted earnings (loss) per share. Diluted earnings (loss) per share for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 was previously stated at ($0.84) per share and has been corrected to $0.79 per share. The Company believes the correction is immaterial and the amount had no impact on the Company's overall financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC and in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for interim financial information and include the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of all majority-owned subsidiaries over which the Company exercised control and when applicable, entities for which the Company had a controlling financial interest or was the primary beneficiary. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation. Accordingly, certain information and disclosures normally included in annual financial statements have been condensed or omitted. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of results of operations and financial condition for the interim periods shown, including normal recurring adjustments. The Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related footnotes contained in the 20182019 Annual Report.
Variable Interest Entities
Premier LP is a variable interest entity ("VIE") as the limited partners do not have the ability to exercise a substantive removal right with respect to the general partner. The Company, does not hold a majority interest but, through Premier GP, has the exclusive power and authority to manage the business and affairs of Premier LP, to make all decisions with respect to driving the economic performance of Premier LP, and has both an obligation to absorb losses and a right to receive benefits. As such, the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIE and consolidates the operations of Premier LP under the Variable Interest Model.
The assets and liabilities of Premier LP at March 31, 20192020 and June 30, 20182019, including assets and liabilities of discontinued operations, consisted of the following (in thousands):
 March 31, 2020June 30, 2019
Assets  
Current$742,525
$603,390
Noncurrent1,874,662
1,536,685
Total assets of Premier LP$2,617,187
$2,140,075
   
Liabilities  
Current$753,763
$517,616
Noncurrent290,163
118,032
Total liabilities of Premier LP$1,043,926
$635,648
 March 31, 2019June 30, 2018
 
New revenue standard (a)
Previous revenue standard
Assets  
Current$621,146
$393,863
Noncurrent1,635,703
1,577,974
Total assets of Premier LP$2,256,849
$1,971,837
   
Liabilities  
Current$633,346
$457,172
Noncurrent128,555
128,793
Total liabilities of Premier LP$761,901
$585,965
(a)The Company adopted Topic 606 effective July 1, 2018, while comparative results are presented under Topic 605. Refer to Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies for more information.



Net income attributable to Premier LP, including income and expense that has been classified as discontinued operations, during the three and nine months ended March 31, 20192020 and 20182019 was as follows (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended March 31,Nine Months Ended March 31,
 2019201820192018
 
New revenue standard (a)
Previous revenue standard
New revenue standard (a)
Previous revenue standard
Premier LP net income$84,883
$87,920
$295,928
$255,050
 Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
 March 31,March 31,
 2020201920202019
Premier LP net income$84,185
$84,883
$290,430
$295,928
(a)The Company adopted Topic 606 effective July 1, 2018, while comparative results are presented under Topic 605. Refer to Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies for more information.


Premier LP's cash flows, including cash flows attributable to discontinued operations, for the nine months ended March 31, 20192020 and 20182019 consisted of the following (in thousands):
 Nine Months Ended March 31,
 20202019
Net cash provided by (used in):  
Operating activities$252,566
$391,508
Investing activities(171,954)(132,385)
Financing activities24,790
(251,440)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents105,402
7,683
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year131,210
117,741
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$236,612
$125,424

 Nine Months Ended March 31,
 20192018
 
New revenue standard (a)
Previous revenue standard
Net cash provided by (used in):  
Operating activities$391,508
$388,340
Investing activities(132,385)(65,260)
Financing activities(251,440)(344,463)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents7,683
(21,383)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year117,741
133,450
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$125,424
$112,067
(a)The Company adopted Topic 606 effective July 1, 2018, while comparative results are presented under Topic 605. Refer to Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies for more information.
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements
The preparation of the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Significant estimates are evaluated on an ongoing basis, including estimates for net administrative fees revenue, other services and support revenue, contract assets, deferred revenue, contract costs, allowances for doubtful accounts, useful lives of property and equipment, stock-based compensation, payables under tax receivable agreements ("TRAs"TRA"), deferred tax balances including valuation allowances on deferred tax assets, uncertain tax positions, values of investments not publicly traded, projected future cash flows used in the evaluation of asset impairment,impairments, values of put and call rights, values of earn-out liabilities and the allocation of purchase prices. These estimates are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
Given the Company's use of estimates referenced above, it is important to highlight that on December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("TCJA"). The TCJA includes significant changes to the U.S. corporate income tax system, specifically reducing the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%. Concurrent with the enactmentimpact of the TCJA,coronavirus ("COVID-19") pandemic on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows is dependent on future developments, including the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 ("SAB 118"), which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effectsduration of the TCJA.
SAB 118 provided a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year frompandemic and the TCJA enactment date for companies to complete the accounting required under the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 740. In accordance with SAB 118, a company must reflect the income tax effectsrelated length of those aspects of the TCJA for which the accounting under ASC 740 is complete. To the extent that a company's accounting for certain income tax effects of the TCJA is incomplete but it is able to determine a reasonable estimate, it must record a provisional amount on its financial statements. If a company cannot determine a provisional estimate to be included on its financial statements, it should continue to apply ASC 740impact on the basis of the provision of the tax laws that were in effect immediately prior to the enactment of the TCJA. WithUnited States and global economies, which are uncertain and cannot be predicted at this in mind, the Company prescribed provisional relief under SAB 118 through the one year measurement period to calculate components of


its deferred tax balances. During the second quarter of fiscal year 2019, the Company completed its accounting for all of the enactment date income tax effects of the TCJA.time.
(2) SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
There have been no material changes to the Company's significant accounting policies included withinas described in the 20182019 Annual Report, except as described below.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In JanuaryFebruary 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial LiabilitiesNo. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), ("ASU 2016-12"), which is intended to provide usersincreases transparency and comparability by requiring the recognition of financial statements with more useful informationlease assets and lease liabilities on the recognition, measurement, presentation, andbalance sheet, as well as requiring the disclosure of financial instruments.key information about leasing arrangements. The Company adopted this standard effectiveASU 2016-02 on July 1, 2018. The implementation of this ASU did not have2019 on a material effect on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance. The new standard requires revenue to be recognized when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The new standard also requires additional disclosures about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. The new standard allowed for either full retrospective or modified retrospective adoption.
In August 2015,basis under the FASB issued an amendmentoptional transition method; therefore, comparative periods are presented in ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contractsaccordance with Customers (Topic 606): DeferralAccounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 840. Additionally, the Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the Effective Date, to defer the effective date oftransition guidance within the new standard, which allowed us to carry forward (1) historical lease classification and assessments for all entities by one year.expired and existing leases, and (2) historical accounting for initial direct costs for existing leases. The new standard, as amended, is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption as of the original effective date for public entities is permitted.
In March 2016, the FASB issued another amendment in ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations, related to a third party providing goods or services to a customer. When another party is involved in providing goods or services to a customer, an entity is required to determine whether the nature of its promise is to provide the specified good or service itself or to arrange for the good or service to be provided by a third party. If the entity provides the specific good or service itself, the entity acts as a principal. If an entity arranges for the good or service to be provided by a third party, the entity acts as an agent. The standard requires the principalCompany elected not to recognize revenueany operating lease right-of-use assets or operating lease liabilities for any lease whose term is 12 months or less and does not include a purchase option that the gross amount and the agentCompany is reasonably certain to recognize revenue for the amount of any fee or commission for which it expects to be entitled in exchange for arranging for the specified good or service to be provided.exercise. The new standard is effective with ASU 2014-09.
In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, which amends specific aspects of ASU 2014-09, including how to identify performance obligations and guidance related to licensing implementation. This amendment provides guidance on determining whether an entity's promise to grant a license provides a customer with either a right to use the entity's intellectual property or a right to access the entity's intellectual property. The amendment is effective with ASU 2014-09.
In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients, which clarifies specific aspects of ASU 2014-09, clarifying how to identify performance obligations and guidance related to its promise in granting a license of intellectual property. This new standard provides guidance to allow entities to disregard items that are immaterial in the context of the contract, clarify when a promised good or service is separately identifiable and allow an entity to electCompany also elected to account for the cost of shipping and handling performed after control of a good has been transferred to the customernon-lease components within its leases as a fulfillment cost. The new standard also clarifies how an entity should evaluate the nature of its promise in granting a license of intellectual property to help determine whether it recognizes revenue over time or at a point in time and addresses how entities should consider license renewals and restrictions. The new standard is effective with ASU 2014-09.
In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606: Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which clarifies specific aspects of ASU 2014-09, including allowing entities not to make quantitative disclosures about remaining performance obligations in certain cases and requiring entities that use anypart of the new or previously existing optional exemptionssingle lease component to expand their qualitative disclosures. The new standard also makes twelve other technical corrections and modifications to ASU 2014-09. The new standard is effective with ASU 2014-09.


The Company adopted this standard effective July 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach.which they are related. Refer to the "Effects"Adoption of ASC Topic 606" below842" for moreadditional information related toon the impact of this standard on the Company's significant accounting policies and condensed consolidated financial statements.adoption of ASC Topic 842.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles- Goodwill and Other- Internal Use Software (Topic 350): Customer AccountCustomer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract,("ASU 2018-15"), which requires customers in a cloud computing arrangement (i.e., hosting arrangement) that is a service contract to follow the internal use software guidance in ASC 350-40 to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as assets or expense as incurred. More specifically, capitalized implementation costs related to a hosting arrangement that is a service contract will be amortized over the term of the hosting arrangement, beginning when the module or component of the hosting arrangement is ready for its intended use. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The new standardexpense. ASU 2018-15 will be effective for the Company for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted including adoption in any


interim periods. Entities have the option to apply the guidance prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of the new standard on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework- Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, ("ASU 2018-13"), which improves the effectiveness of fair value measurement disclosures by eliminating, adding and modifying certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements as part of its disclosure framework project. More specifically, entitiesEntities will no longer be required to disclose the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, but public companies will be required to disclose the range and weighted average used to develop significant unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The new standardASU 2018-13 will be effective for the Company for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of the new standard on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In January 2017,June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 350)326): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill ImpairmentMeasurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, (“ASU 2016-13”), which eliminates Step 2 frommodifies the goodwill impairment test. The guidance requires an entity to perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparingmeasurement of expected credit losses on certain financial instruments and the fair valuetiming of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value. In addition, the guidance eliminates the requirement for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The new standardwhen such losses are recorded. ASU 2016-13, will be effective for the Company for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted for interim and annual goodwill impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluatinghas performed an initial analysis on the impact of the adoption of the new standard, and does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which is intendeddisclosures; however, we will continue to increase transparency and comparability among organizations of accounting for leasing arrangements. This guidance establishes a right-of-use model that requires a lessee to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. Entities will be required to recognize and measure leases as of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The new standard will be effective for the Company for the fiscal year beginningevaluate through July 1, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact2020.
Adoption of the adoption of the new standard on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
Effects ofASC Topic 606842
As a result of adopting ASC Topic 606,842, the Company's accounting policies and condensed consolidated financial statements were updated as follows:
Contract Assets
Supply Chain Services contract assets represent estimated customer purchases on supplierThe Company enters into lease contracts for which administrative fees have been earned, but not collected. Performance Services contract assets represent revenue earned for services provided butin which the Company is not contractually ablethe lessee, substantially all of which are related to bill asoffice space leased in various buildings used for general corporate purposes. The terms of the end of the respective reporting period.


ContractCosts
Contract costs represent amountsthese non-cancelable operating leases typically require the Company has capitalizedto pay rent and reflecta share of operating expenses and real estate taxes, generally with an inflation-based rent increase included. The Company's lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
Operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the incremental costspresent value of obtaining and fulfilling a contract, which include sales commissions and costs related to implementing SaaS informatics tools. For commissions on new contracts, these costs are amortizedfuture minimum lease payments over the life oflease term beginning at the expected relationship with the customercommencement date. Operating lease right-of-use assets are adjusted for the respective performance obligation. For renewals, commissions are amortized over the contract life with the customer. Implementationlease incentives, deferred rent and initial direct costs, are amortized straight-line, once the tool is implemented, over the life of the expected relationship with the customer for the respective performance obligation, which is consistent with the transfer of services to the customer to which the implementation relates.if incurred. The Company's contract costs are included in other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, while the associated amortization related to sales commissions is included in selling, general and administrative expenses and the associated amortization related to implementation costs is included in cost of revenue in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue consists of unrecognized revenue related to advanced customer invoicing or member payments received prior to fulfillment of the Company's revenue recognition criteria. Substantially all deferred revenue consists of deferred subscription fees and deferred consulting fees. Subscription fees for Company-hosted SaaS applications are deferred until the customer's unique data records have been incorporated into the underlying software database, or until customer site-specific software has been implemented and the customer has access to the software. Deferred consulting fees arise upon invoicing to customers prior to services being performed.
Performance Obligations
A performance obligation is a promise to transfer a distinct good or service to a customer. A contract's transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. Contracts may have a single performance obligation as the promise to transfer individual goods or services isleases generally do not separately identifiable from other promises and,include an implicit rate; therefore, not distinct; while other contracts may have multiple performance obligations, most commonly due to the contract covering multiple deliverable arrangements (licensing fees, implementation fees, subscription fees, professional fees for consulting services, etc.).
Revenue Recognition
The Company accounts for a contract with a customer when the contract is committed, the rights of the parties, including payment terms, are identified, the contract has commercial substance and consideration is probable of collection.
Revenue is recognized when, or as, control of a promised product or service transfers to a customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring those products or services. Ifdetermined the consideration promised in a contract includes a variable amount, the Company estimates the amount to which it expects to be entitledpresent value of future minimum lease payments using either the expected value or most likely amount method. The Company's contracts may include terms that could cause variability in the transaction price, including, for example, revenue share, rebates, discounts, and variable fees based on performance.
The Company only includes estimated amounts of consideration in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. These estimates require management to make complex, difficult or subjective judgments, and to make estimates about the effect of matters inherently uncertain. As such, the Company may not be able to reliably estimate variable fees based on performance in certain long-term arrangements due to uncertainties that are not expected to be resolved for a long period of time or when the Company's experience with similar types of contracts is limited. Estimates of variable consideration and the determination of whether to include estimated amounts of consideration in the transaction price arean incremental borrowing rate based on information (historical, current and forecasted) thatavailable as of July 1, 2019, the transition date. The related lease expense is reasonably available to the Company, taking into consideration the type of customer, the type of transaction and the specific facts and circumstances of each arrangement. Additionally, management performs periodic analyses to verify the accuracy of estimates for variable consideration.
Although the Company believes that its approach in developing estimates and reliance on certain judgments and underlying inputs is reasonable, actual results could differ which may result in exposure of increases or decreases in revenue that could be material.
Net Administrative Fees Revenue
Net administrative fees revenue is a single performance obligation earned through a series of distinct daily services and includes maintaining a network of members to participate in the group purchasing program and providing suppliers efficiency in contracting and access to the Company's members. Revenue is generated through administrative fees received from suppliers, which are


estimated based on the total dollar volume of goods and services purchased by the Company's members in connection with its GPO programs and is included in service revenue in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
The Company, through its GPO programs, aggregates member purchasing power to negotiate pricing discounts and improve contract terms with suppliers. Contracted suppliers pay the Company administrative fees which generally represent 1% to 3% of the gross purchase price of goods and services sold to members under the contracts the Company has negotiated. Administrative fees are variable consideration and are recognized as earned based upon estimated purchases by the Company's members utilizing the Company's GPO supplier contracts. The Company estimates revenue using an estimated value approach using predictive analytics based on historical member spend and updates for current trends and expectations. Member and supplier contracts substantiate persuasive evidence of an arrangement. The Company does not take title to the underlying equipment or products purchased by members through its GPO supplier contracts. Administrative fee revenue receivable is included in contract assets in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The Company pays revenue share equal to a percentage of gross administrative fees, which is estimated according to the members' contractual agreements with the Company using a portfolio approach based on historical revenue fee share percentages and adjusted for current or anticipated trends. Revenue share is recognized as a reduction to gross administrative fees revenue to arrive at a net administrative fees revenue, and the corresponding revenue share liability is included in revenue share obligations in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Product Revenue
Specialty pharmacy revenue is generated through a single performance obligation through dispensing prescription medication to customers. Revenue is recognized at a point in time as the prescription medication is dispensed to the customers and is recorded net of the estimated contractual adjustments under agreements with Medicare, Medicaid and other managed care plans. Consideration from specialty pharmacy is variable as payments for the products provided under such agreements vary from period to period and are based on defined allowable reimbursements rather than standard billing rates. The difference between the standard billing rate and allowable reimbursement rate results in contractual adjustments which are recorded as deductions from the transaction price.
Direct sourcing generates revenue through products sold to distributors, hospitals and other customers. Revenue is recognized once control of products has been transferred to the customer and is recorded net of discounts and rebates offered to customers. Discounts and rebates are estimated based on contractual terms and historical trends.
Other Services and Support Revenue
Within Performance Services, which provides technology with wrap-around service offerings, revenue consists of SaaS informatics products subscriptions, certain perpetual and term licenses, performance improvement collaborative and other service subscriptions, professional fees for consulting services, and insurance services management fees and commissions from group-sponsored insurance programs.
SaaS informatics subscriptions include the right to use the Company's proprietary hosted technology on a SaaS basis, training and member support to deliver improvements in cost management, quality and safety, value-based care and provider analytics. SaaS arrangements create a single performance obligation for each subscription within the contract in which the nature of the obligation is a stand-ready obligation, and each day of service meets the criteria for over time recognition. Pricing varies by application and size of healthcare system. Informatics subscriptions are generally three to five-year agreements with automatic renewal clauses and annual price escalators that typically do not allow for early termination. These agreements do not allow for physical possession of the software. Subscription fees are typically billed on a monthly basis and revenue is recognized as a single deliverable on a straight-line basis over the remaining contractual period following implementation. Implementation involves the completion of data preparation services that are unique to each member's data set and, in certain cases, the installation of member site-specific software, in order to access and transfer member data into the Company's hosted SaaS informatics products. Implementation is generally 60 to 240 days following contract execution before the SaaS informatics products can be fully utilized by the member.lease term.
The Company sells certain perpetual and term licenses that include professional services and post-contract customer support in the form of maintenance and support services. The license, professional services and maintenance services each represent a distinct promise and are identified as separate performance obligations. Pricing varies by application and size of healthcare system. Fees under these contracts include the license fees, professional services fees and the maintenance and support services fees. The Company recognizes the license fees upon delivery of the licenses, the professional services fees over the implementation period, and the maintenance and support services fees straight-line over the remaining contract term following implementation. Generally, implementation is approximately 240 days following contract execution before the products can be fully utilized by the member.


Revenue from performance improvement collaboratives and other service subscriptions that support the Company's offerings in cost management, quality and safety and value-based care is recognized over the service period as the services are provided, which is generally one year. Performance improvement collaboratives and other service subscriptions revenue is considered one performance obligation and is generated by providing customers access to online communities whereby data is housed and available for analytics and benchmarking.
Professional fees for consulting services are sold under contracts, the terms of which vary based on the nature of the engagement. These services typically include general consulting, report-based consulting and cost savings initiatives. Promised services under such consulting engagements are typically not considered distinct and are regularly combined and accounted for as one performance obligation. Fees are billed as stipulated in the contract, and revenue is recognized on a proportional performance method as services are performed or when deliverables are provided. In situations where the contracts have significant contract performance guarantees, the performance guarantees are estimated and accounted for as a form of variable consideration when determining the transaction price. In the event that guaranteed savings levels are not achieved, the Company may have to perform additional services at no additional charge in order to achieve the guaranteed savings or pay the difference between the savings that were guaranteed and the actual achieved savings. Occasionally, our entitlement to consideration is predicated on the occurrence of an event such as the delivery of a report for which client acceptance is required. However, except for event-driven point-in-time transactions, the majority of services provided within this service line are delivered over time due to the continuous benefit provided to our customers.
Consulting arrangements can require significant estimates for the transaction price and estimated number of hours within an engagement. These estimates are based on the expected value which is derived from outcomes from historical contracts that are similar in nature and forecasted amounts based on anticipated savings for the new agreements. The transaction price is generally constrained until the target transaction price becomes more certain.
Insurance services management fees are recognized in the period in which such services are provided. Commissions from group sponsored insurance programs is earned by acting as an intermediary in the placement of effective insurance policies. Under this arrangement, revenue is recognized at a point in time on the effective date of the associated policies when control of the policy transfers to the customer and is constrained for estimated early terminations.
Certain administrative and/or patient management integrated pharmacy services are provided in situations where prescriptions are sent back to member health systems for dispensing. Additionally, the Company derives revenue from pharmaceutical manufacturers for providing patient education and utilization data. Revenue is recognized as these services are provided.
Multiple Deliverable Arrangements
The Company enters into agreements where the individual deliverables discussed above, such as SaaS subscriptions and consulting services, are bundled into a single service arrangement. These agreements are generally provided over a time period ranging from approximately three months to five years after the applicable contract execution date. Revenue, including both fixed and variable consideration, is allocated to the individual performance obligations within the arrangement based on the standalone selling price when it is sold separately in a stand-alone arrangement.
Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
The Company applied Topic 606 ("New Revenue Standard") using the modified retrospective method, which resulted in recognizing the cumulative effect of initially applying Topic 606 as an adjustment to the opening balance of equity at July 1, 2018 for contracts that were not complete at that date. Therefore, the comparative information has not been adjusted and continues to be reported under Topic 605 ("Previous Revenue Standard"). The following tables summarize the impacts of adopting ASC Topic 606842 on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2019Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands, except per share data)thousands). See Note 616 - Contract BalancesCommitments and Note 17 - SegmentsContingencies for morefurther information.
Cumulative Effect - Adoption of New Revenue Standard
The cumulative effect adjustment related to the adoption of the New Revenue Standard has been revised from the amounts previously disclosed in our interim financial statements filed on the Form 10-Q for the quarterly periods ended September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2018 to correct certain immaterial misstatements. The result of correcting these misstatements was a $5.3 million decrease to opening accumulated deficit, a $0.7 million decrease to contract assets and a $4.6 million increase to deferred revenue, recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2019.


 Impact of change in accounting principle
 
June 30, 2018
As presented
Impact of new revenue standard
July 1, 2018
New revenue standard
Assets   
Accounts receivable (net of $1,841 allowance for doubtful accounts)$185,874
$(5,421)$180,453
Contract assets$
$168,960
$168,960
Total current assets$428,618
$163,539
$592,157
Deferred income tax assets$305,624
$(7,106)$298,518
Other assets$3,991
$15,390
$19,381
Total assets$2,312,216
$171,823
$2,484,039
    
Liabilities, redeemable limited partners' capital and stockholders' deficit   
Revenue share obligations$78,999
$43,880
$122,879
Deferred revenue$39,785
$2,401
$42,186
Total current liabilities$448,882
$46,281
$495,163
Deferred tax liabilities$17,569
$3,597
$21,166
Total liabilities$818,870
$49,878
$868,748
    
Accumulated deficit$(1,277,581)$121,945
$(1,155,636)
Total stockholders' deficit$(1,427,064)$121,945
$(1,305,119)
Total liabilities, redeemable limited partners' capital and stockholders' deficit$2,312,216
$171,823
$2,484,039
 
June 30, 2019
As presented
Impact of ASC Topic 842
July 1, 2019
Adjusted
Intangible assets, net (a)
$270,722
$(8,474)$262,248
Deferred income tax assets422,014
302
422,316
Operating lease right-of-use assets
62,642
62,642
Total assets$2,569,567
$54,470
$2,624,037
   
Other current liabilities$7,113
$7,661
$14,774
Current liabilities of discontinued operations11,797
1,200
12,997
Operating lease liabilities
58,596
58,596
Other long-term liabilities67,683
(12,088)55,595
Total liabilities$908,547
$55,369
$963,916
   
Accumulated deficit (b)
$(775,674)$(899)$(776,573)
Total liabilities and equity$2,569,567
$54,470
$2,624,037
(a)The Company reclassified a favorable lease commitment, which was recorded within intangible assets, net in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2019, to operating lease right-of-use assets as part of the adoption of ASC Topic 842.



(b)
The Company recognized a non-cash impairment charge of $1.2 million ($0.9 million net of deferred tax impact), which was recorded as an adjustment to the opening balance of equity at July 1, 2019. The impairment charge was related to operating lease right-of-use assets of the specialty pharmacy business, which is classified as a discontinued operation.
(3) BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS
Acquisition of Acurity and Nexera Assets
On February 28, 2020, the Company completed the Acurity and Nexera asset acquisition (the "Acurity and Nexera asset acquisition"). Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to pay an aggregate amount of $291.5 million, of which $166.1 million was paid at closing with borrowings under the Credit Facility. An additional $120.0 million will be paid in 4 equal annual installments of $30.0 million on or about June 30, 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2024. An additional $5.4 million is expected to be paid to an affiliate of GNYHA during the Company’s second fiscal quarter of 2021.
The Purchase Agreement provides an earn-out opportunity for Acurity, Inc. of up to $30.0 million based upon the Company’s achievement of a range of member renewals on terms to be agreed to by the Company and GNYHA based on prevailing market conditions in December 2023. As of March 31, 2020, the fair value of the earn-out liability was $22.7 million (see Note 6 - Fair Value Measurements).
Prior to entering into the Purchase Agreement, Acurity, Inc. agreed to provide one-time rebates to certain of its then members based on their pre-closing purchasing volume. The Company has concluded that these one-time rebates of $93.8 million will be excluded from the purchase price and capitalized as prepaid contract administrative fee share at closing. The prepaid contract administrative fee share will be treated as a reduction in the determination of net administrative fee revenue over the remaining life of the acquired contracts on the Company’s financial statements. As a result, the total fair value of consideration paid as part of the acquisition totaled $202.6 million. The current and noncurrent components of the prepaid contract administrative fee share were recorded to the "Prepaid expenses and other current assets" and "Other assets" line items, respectively, on the Condensed Consolidated Balance SheetSheets.
At the closing of the transaction, GNYHA Purchasing Alliance, LLC unilaterally terminated its participation in the TRA, and will cease to be a limited partner of Premier LP on November 2, 2020.
The Company has accounted for the Acurity and Nexera asset acquisition as a business combination whereby the purchase price was allocated to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on fair values. Total fair value assigned to the intangible assets was $187.7 million, consisting primarily of acquired member relationships of $166.0 million. The initial purchase price allocation for the Acurity and Nexera asset acquisition is preliminary and subject to changes in the valuation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The acquisition resulted in the recognition of $22.7 million of goodwill (see Note 8 - Selected Financial DataGoodwill and Intangible Assets) attributable to the anticipated profitability of the acquired assets of Acurity, Inc. and Nexera, Inc. The acquisition was considered an asset acquisition for tax purposes, and accordingly, the Company expects the goodwill to be deductible for tax purposes. The initial purchase price allocation for the Acurity and Nexera asset acquisition is preliminary and subject to changes in fair value valuation of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed.
Pro forma results of operations for the acquisition have not been presented because the effects on revenue and net income were not material to the Company's historic consolidated financial statements. After closing of the transaction, PAP and PNP changed their names to Acurity and Nexera, respectively, and the Company reports their operations as part of its Supply Chain Services segment.
 Impact of change in accounting principle
March 31, 2019As presentedImpact of new revenue standardPrevious revenue standard
Assets   
Accounts receivable (net of $3,716 allowance for doubtful accounts)$206,595
$(7,407)$214,002
Contract assets$197,016
$197,016
$
Prepaid expenses and other current assets$28,593
$(4,873)$33,466
Total current assets$634,957
$184,736
$450,221
Deferred income tax assets$413,511
$(6,152)$419,663
Other assets$33,125
$15,173
$17,952
Total assets$2,684,173
$193,757
$2,490,416
    
Liabilities, redeemable limited partners' capital and stockholders' deficit   
Revenue share obligations$132,602
$50,342
$82,260
Limited partners' distribution payable$13,145
$5,013
$8,132
Deferred revenue$34,154
$(11,279)$45,433
Total current liabilities$587,982
$44,076
$543,906
Deferred tax liabilities$20,479
$2,357
$18,122
Total liabilities$1,045,889
$46,433
$999,456
    
Accumulated deficit$(499,446)$147,324
$(646,770)
Total stockholders' deficit$(601,714)$147,324
$(749,038)
Total liabilities, redeemable limited partners' capital and stockholders' deficit$2,684,173
$193,757
$2,490,416
Acquisition of Medpricer
On October 28, 2019, the Company, through its consolidated subsidiary PSCI, acquired all of the outstanding capital stock in Medpricer for an adjusted purchase price of $38.5 million. The acquisition was funded with borrowings under the Credit Facility.
The acquisition provides the sellers an earn-out opportunity of up to $5.0 million based on Medpricer's achievement of a revenue target for the calendar year ended December 31, 2020. As of March 31, 2020, the fair value of the earn-out liability was $1.9 million (see Note 6 - Fair Value Measurements).
The Company has accounted for the Medpricer acquisition as a business combination whereby the purchase price was allocated to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values. Total fair value assigned to intangible assets acquired was $12.1 million, primarily comprised of developed software technology.
The Medpricer acquisition resulted in the recognition of $26.2 million of goodwill attributable to the anticipated profitability of Medpricer. The Medpricer acquisition was considered a stock purchase for tax purposes and accordingly, the goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.

Condensed Consolidated Statements
Pro forma results of Income - Selected Financial Data
 Impact of change in accounting principle
 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2019
 
Nine Months Ended
March 31, 2019
 As presentedImpact of new revenue standardPrevious revenue standard As presentedImpact of new revenue standardPrevious revenue standard
Net revenue:       
Net administrative fees$164,534
$(891)$165,425
 $492,229
$10,232
$481,997
Other services and support95,937
2,250
93,687
 282,656
15,907
266,749
Services260,471
1,359
259,112
 774,885
26,139
748,746
Products162,404
(11,186)173,590
 471,393
(35,062)506,455
Net revenue$422,875
$(9,827)$432,702
 $1,246,278
$(8,923)$1,255,201


 Impact of change in accounting principle
 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2019
 
Nine Months Ended
March 31, 2019
 As presentedImpact of new revenue standardPrevious revenue standard As presentedImpact of new revenue standardPrevious revenue standard
Cost of revenue:       
Services$46,545
$(1,296)$47,841
 $133,106
$(5,842)$138,948
Products157,438
(10,440)167,878
 458,593
(32,738)491,331
Cost of revenue$203,983
$(11,736)$215,719
 $591,699
$(38,580)$630,279
Gross profit$218,892
$1,909
$216,983
 $654,579
$29,657
$624,922
Operating expenses:       
Selling, general and administrative$118,503
$(1,032)$119,535
 $334,485
$(3,413)$337,898
Operating expenses$133,032
$(1,032)$134,064
 $377,183
$(3,413)$380,596
Operating income$85,860
$2,941
$82,919
 $277,396
$33,070
$244,326
Income before income taxes$84,894
$2,941
$81,953
 $284,275
$33,070
$251,205
Income tax expense$11,092
$(1,239)$12,331
 $23,689
$2,678
$21,011
Net income$73,802
$4,180
$69,622
 $260,586
$30,392
$230,194
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP$(43,388)$(2,728)$(40,660) $(161,132)$(19,314)$(141,818)
Adjustment of redeemable limited partners' capital to redemption amount$235,394
$1,681
$233,713
 $178,910
$14,301
$164,609
Net income attributable to stockholders$265,808
$3,133
$262,675
 $278,364
$25,379
$252,985
        
Weighted average shares outstanding:       
Basic62,020
62,020
62,020
 58,346
58,346
58,346
Diluted129,072
129,072
129,072
 132,249
132,249
132,249
        
 Impact of change in accounting principle
 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2019
 
Nine Months Ended
March 31, 2019
 As presentedImpact of new revenue standardPrevious revenue standard As presentedImpact of new revenue standardPrevious revenue standard
Earnings per share attributable to stockholders:       
Basic$4.29
$0.05
$4.24
 $4.77
$0.43
$4.34
Diluted$0.48
$0.04
$0.44
 $1.68
$0.21
$1.47



Condensed Consolidated Statementoperations for the acquisition have not been presented because the effects on revenue and net income were not material to the Company's historic consolidated financial statements. The Company reports Medpricer as part of Comprehensive Income
 Impact of change in accounting principle
 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2019
 
Nine Months Ended
March 31, 2019
 As presentedImpact of new revenue standardPrevious revenue standard As presentedImpact of new revenue standardPrevious revenue standard
Net income$73,802
$4,180
$69,622
 $260,586
$30,392
$230,194
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest(43,388)(2,728)(40,660) (161,132)(19,314)(141,818)
Comprehensive income attributable to Premier, Inc.$30,414
$1,452
$28,962
 $99,454
$11,078
$88,376

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows - Selected Financial Data
 Impact of change in accounting principle
Nine Months Ended March 31, 2019As presentedImpact of new revenue standardPrevious revenue standard
Operating activities   
Net income$260,586
$30,392
$230,194
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:   
Deferred income taxes$7,747
$(2,196)$9,943
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: 
 
Accounts receivable, contract assets, prepaid expenses and other current assets$(56,886)$(21,196)$(35,690)
Other assets$(1,646)$218
$(1,864)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, deferred revenue and other current liabilities$37,873
$(7,218)$45,091
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents$(14,874)$
$(14,874)
(3) BUSINESS ACQUISITIONSits Supply Chain Services segment.
Acquisition of Stanson
Stanson Health, Inc. ("Stanson") is a SaaS-based provider of clinical decision support and prior authorization tools that are integrated directly into the electronic health record workflow, providing real-time, patient-specific best practices at the point of care. On November 9, 2018, the Company, through its consolidated subsidiary Premier Healthcare Solutions, Inc. ("PHSI"),PHSI, acquired 100%all of the outstanding capital stock in Stanson through a reverse subsidiary merger transaction for $51.5 million in cash. As a result of certain purchase price adjustments provided for in the purchase agreement, thean adjusted purchase price wasof $55.4 million. The acquisition was funded with available cash on hand.
The acquisition provides the sellers and certain employees an earn-out opportunity of up to $15.0 million based on Stanson's successful commercial delivery of a SaaS tool on or prior to March 31, 2020, achievement of certain development milestones on or prior to December 31, 20192020 and achievement of certaina revenue milestonestarget for the calendar year ended December 31, 2020. As of March 31, 2019,2020, the fair value of the earn-out liability was $6.2$10.3 million (see Note 56 - Fair Value Measurements).
The Company has accounted for the Stanson acquisition as a business combination whereby the purchase price was allocated to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values. Total fair value assigned to the intangible assets acquired was $23.6 million, primarily comprised of developed software technology. The purchase price allocation for the Stanson acquisition is preliminary and subject to changes in the valuation of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed.


The Stanson acquisition resulted in the recognition of $37.4$37.5 million of goodwill (see Note 8 - Goodwill)Goodwill and Intangible Assets) attributable to the anticipated profitability of Stanson. The Stanson acquisition was considered a stock purchase for tax purposes and accordingly, the Company expects the goodwill tois not be deductible for tax purposes.
Pro forma results of operations for the acquisition have not been presented because the effects on revenue and net income were not material to ourthe Company's historic consolidated financial statements. The Company reports Stanson as part of its Performance Services segment.
(4) DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS AND EXIT ACTIVITIES
In connection with the sale of certain assets and wind down and exit from the specialty pharmacy business (see Note 1 - Organization and Basis of Presentation), the Company met the criteria for classifying certain assets and liabilities of its specialty pharmacy business as a discontinued operation as of June 30, 2019. Prior to its classification as a discontinued operation, the specialty pharmacy business was included as part of the Supply Chain Services segment.
The Company incurred $0.9 million of severance and retention expenses directly associated with the specialty pharmacy business within discontinued operations during the nine months ended March 31, 2020.
The following table summarizes the major classes of assets and liabilities classified as discontinued operations at March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2019 (in thousands):
 March 31, 2020June 30, 2019
Assets  
Accounts receivable$
$21,183
Inventory
3,385
Assets of discontinued operations$
$24,568
   
Liabilities  
Accounts payable$
$2,255
Accrued expenses
6,630
Accrued compensation and benefits
2,373
Other current liabilities
539
Liabilities of discontinued operations$
$11,797


The following table summarizes the major components of net income (loss) from discontinued operations (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended March 31,Nine Months Ended March 31,
 2020201920202019
Net revenue$
$121,662
$
$344,873
Cost of revenue
117,942

334,567
Gross profit
3,720

10,306
Selling, general and administrative expense
5,167

14,286
Amortization of purchased intangible assets
661

1,984
Operating expenses
5,828

16,270
Operating loss from discontinued operations
(2,108)
(5,964)
Net gain on disposal of assets24

1,399

Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes24
(2,108)1,399
(5,964)
Income tax expense (benefit)19
(645)390
(2,102)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax5
(1,463)1,009
(3,862)
Net (income) loss from discontinued operations attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP(3)747
(480)2,098
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to stockholders$2
$(716)$529
$(1,764)

(5) INVESTMENTS
Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates
The Company's investments in unconsolidated affiliates consisted of the following (in thousands):
 Carrying Value Equity in Net Income
    Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
    March 31,March 31,
 March 31, 2020June 30, 2019 2020201920202019
FFF$107,735
$96,905
 $4,340
$444
$10,830
$4,430
Other investments12,907
2,731
 102
109
208
257
Total investments$120,642
$99,636
 $4,442
$553
$11,038
$4,687
 Carrying Value Equity in Net Income (Loss)
    Three Months Ended March 31,Nine Months Ended March 31,
 March 31, 2019June 30, 2018 2019201820192018
FFF$96,234
$91,804
 $444
$64
$4,430
$5,668
PharmaPoint

 
(4,073)
(4,232)
Other investments2,408
2,249
 109
(930)257
(866)
Total investments$98,642
$94,053
 $553
$(4,939)$4,687
$570

The Company, through its consolidated subsidiary, Premier Supply Chain Improvement, Inc. ("PSCI"),PSCI, held a 49% interest in FFF Enterprises, Inc. ("FFF") through its ownership of stock of FFF at March 31, 20192020 and June 30, 2018.2019. The Company records the fair value of the FFF put and call rights in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (see Note 56 - Fair Value Measurements for additional information). The Company accounts for its investment in FFF using the equity method of accounting and includes the investment as part of the Supply Chain Services segment.
The Company, through its consolidated subsidiary, PSCI, held a 28% ownership interest in PharmaPoint, LLC ("PharmaPoint") through its ownership of Class B Membership Interests in PharmaPoint at March 31, 2019 and June 30, 2018. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company determined that it was unlikely to recover its investment in PharmaPoint, and as a result recognized an other-than-temporary impairment of $4.0 million, which is included in equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company accounts for its investment in PharmaPoint using the equity method of accounting and includes the investment as part of the Supply Chain Services segment.

(5)
(6) FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The following table provides a summary of the Company's financial assets and liabilities which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2020 (in thousands):
 Fair Value of Financial Assets and LiabilitiesQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Cash equivalents$188,101
$188,101
$
$
Deferred compensation plan assets45,697
45,697


Total assets$233,798
$233,798
$
$
Earn-out liabilities$34,887
$
$
$34,887
FFF put right32,971


32,971
Total liabilities$67,858
$
$
$67,858

 Fair Value of Financial Assets and LiabilitiesQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
March 31, 2019    
Cash equivalents$42,377
$42,377
$
$
FFF call right328


328
Deferred compensation plan assets48,367
48,367


Total assets$91,072
$90,744
$
$328
Earn-out liabilities$6,243


$6,243
FFF put right38,299


38,299
Total liabilities$44,542
$
$
$44,542
     
June 30, 2018    
Cash equivalents$62,684
$62,684
$
$
FFF call right610


610
Deferred compensation plan assets48,215
48,215


Total assets$111,509
$110,899
$
$610
FFF put right$42,041
$
$
$42,041
Total liabilities$42,041
$
$
$42,041
The following table provides a summary of the Company's financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2019 (in thousands):
 Fair Value of Financial Assets and LiabilitiesQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Cash equivalents$57,607
$57,607
$
$
FFF call right204


204
Deferred compensation plan assets50,229
50,229


Total assets$108,040
$107,836
$
$204
Earn-out liability$6,816
$
$
$6,816
FFF put right41,652


41,652
Total liabilities$48,468
$
$
$48,468

Deferred compensation plan assets consisted of highly liquid mutual fund investments, which were classified as Level 1. The current portion of deferred compensation plan assets ($2.9 million and $4.8 million at March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2019, respectively) was included in prepaidthe "Prepaid expenses and other current assets ($4.7 million and $3.6 million at March 31, 2019 and June 30, 2018, respectively)assets" line item in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
FFF put and call rights
Pursuant to a shareholders' agreement entered into inIn connection with the Company's equity investment in FFF, the Company entered into a shareholders' agreement on July 26, 2016, (see Note 4 - Investments), which shareholders' agreement was amended and restated on November 22, 2017,2017. On July 29, 2019, the parties entered into a second amended and restated shareholders' agreement that provides, among other things, that the majority shareholder of FFF hasholds a put right that requires the Company to purchase (i) up to 50% of the majority shareholder's interest in FFF, which is exercisable beginning on an all or nothing basis, on or after April 15, 2023. Any required purchase by the fourth anniversaryCompany upon exercise of the investment closing date, July 26, 2020, and (ii) all or a portion of theput right by FFF's majority shareholder's remaining interest in FFF 30 calendar days after December 31, 2020. Any such required purchases are toshareholder must be made at a per share price equal to FFF's earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA") over the twelve calendar months prior to the purchase date multiplied by a market adjusted multiple, adjusted for any outstanding debt and cash and cash equivalents ("Equity Value per Share"). In addition, under the second amended and restated shareholders' agreement, the Company has a call right that requires the majority shareholder to sell its remaining interest in FFF to the Company, and is exercisable at any time within the later of 180 calendar days after the date of a Key Man Event (generally defined in the second amended and restated shareholders' agreement as the resignation, termination for cause, death or disability of the majority shareholder) or after January 30, 2021. As of March 31, 2020, the call right had 0 value. In the event that either of these rights are exercised, the purchase price for the additional interest in FFF will be at a per share price equal to the Equity Value per Share.
The fair values of the FFF put and call rights were determined based on the Equity Value per Share calculation using unobservable inputs, which included the estimated FFF put and call rights' expiration dates, the forecast of FFF's EBITDA over the option period,

forecasted movements in the overall market and the likelihood of a Key Man Event. Significant changes to the Equity Value per Share resulting from changes in the unobservable inputs could have a significant impact on the fair values of the FFF put and call rights.

The Company recorded the FFF put and call rights within long-term other liabilities and long-term other assets, respectively, within the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.Sheets. Net changes in the fair values of the FFF put and call rights were recorded within other expense in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.Income.
Earn-out liabilities
Earn-out liabilities were established in connection with acquisitions of Healthcare Insights, LLC on July 31, 2015, Inflow Health, LLC on October 1, 2015, Innovatix, LLCthe Acurity and Essensa Ventures, LLC, each on December 2, 2016Nexera asset acquisition as well as the Medpricer and Stanson on November 9, 2018.acquisitions. The earn-out liabilities were classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchyhierarchy. The earn-out liability value for the Acurity and theirNexera asset acquisition is based upon the Company’s estimated achievement of a range of member renewals on terms to be agreed to by the Company and GNYHA based on prevailing market conditions in December 2023. The earn-out liability values for the Medpricer and Stanson acquisitions were determined based on estimated future earnings and the probability of achieving them. Changes in the fair values of the earn-out liabilities were recorded within selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.Income.
A reconciliation of the Company's FFF put and call rights and earn-out liabilities is as follows (in thousands):
 Beginning BalancePurchases (Settlements)Gain (Loss)Ending Balance
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020    
FFF call right$
$
$
$
Total Level 3 assets$
$
$
$
Earn-out liability$13,420
$22,700
$1,233
$34,887
FFF put right19,065

(13,906)32,971
Total Level 3 liabilities$32,485
$22,700
$(12,673)$67,858
     
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019    
FFF call right$431
$
$(103)$328
Total Level 3 assets$431
$
$(103)$328
Earn-out liabilities$4,548
$
$(1,695)$6,243
FFF put right34,295

(4,004)38,299
Total Level 3 liabilities$38,843
$
$(5,699)$44,542
     
Nine Months Ended March 31, 2020    
FFF call right$204
$
$(204)$
Total Level 3 assets$204
$
$(204)$
Earn-out liabilities$6,816
$26,481
$(1,590)$34,887
FFF put right41,652

8,681
32,971
Total Level 3 liabilities$48,468
$26,481
$7,091
$67,858
     
Nine Months Ended March 31, 2019    
FFF call right$610
$
$(282)$328
Total Level 3 assets$610
$
$(282)$328
Earn-out liabilities$
$4,548
$(1,695)$6,243
FFF put right42,041

3,742
38,299
Total Level 3 liabilities$42,041
$4,548
$2,047
$44,542

 Beginning BalancePurchases (Settlements)Gain (Loss)Ending Balance
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019    
FFF call right$431
$
$(103)$328
Total Level 3 assets$431
$
$(103)$328
Earn-out liabilities$4,548
$
$(1,695)$6,243
FFF put right34,295

(4,004)38,299
Total Level 3 liabilities$38,843
$
$(5,699)$44,542
     
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018    
FFF call right$2,108
$
$(1,356)$752
Total Level 3 assets$2,108
$
$(1,356)$752
Earn-out liabilities$2,792
$(2,625)$106
$61
FFF put right37,110

(1,711)38,821
Total Level 3 liabilities$39,902
$(2,625)$(1,605)$38,882
     
Nine Months Ended March 31, 2019    
FFF call right$610
$
$(282)$328
Total Level 3 assets$610
$
$(282)$328
Earn-out liabilities$
$4,548
$(1,695)$6,243
FFF put right42,041

3,742
38,299
Total Level 3 liabilities$42,041
$4,548
$2,047
$44,542
     
Nine Months Ended March 31, 2018    
FFF call right$4,655
$
$(3,903)$752
Total Level 3 assets$4,655
$
$(3,903)$752
Earn-out liabilities$21,310
$(21,125)$124
$61
FFF put right24,050

(14,771)38,821
Total Level 3 liabilities$45,360
$(21,125)$(14,647)$38,882

Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements
During the nine months ended March 31, 2019,2020, no non-recurring fair value measurements were required relating to the measurement of goodwill and intangible assets for impairment. However, purchase price allocations required significant non-recurring Level 3 inputs. The preliminary fair values of the acquired intangible assets resulting from the Acurity and Nexera asset acquisition as well as the acquisition of StansonMedpricer were determined using the income approach (see Note 3 - Business Acquisitions).

Financial Instruments For Which Fair Value Only is Disclosed
The fair values of non-interest bearing notes payable, classified as Level 2, were less than their carrying valuesvalue by approximately $0.6$0.3 million and $0.5 million at both March 31, 20192020 and June 30, 20182019, respectively, based on assumed market interest rates of 3.8%2.1% and 3.6%3.4%, respectively.
Other Financial Instruments
The fair values of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and the Company's Credit Facility (as defined in Note 9 - Debt) approximated carrying value due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments.
(6)(7) CONTRACT BALANCES
Contract Assets, Deferred Revenue and Revenue Share Obligations
The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in accounts receivables, contract assets (unbilled receivables) and deferred revenue on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The $197.0 million increase in contract assets from June 30, 2018 to March 31, 2019 was largely attributable to the establishment of $169.0 million in contract assets upon adoption of the New Revenue Standard of which $141.5 million was for Supply Chain Services and $27.5 million was for Performance Services. Subsequent to adoption of the New Revenue Standard, Supply Chain Services contract assets increased an additional $18.8 million, which represents changes in the Company's estimated revenue for which cash has not yet been collected associated with net administrative fees for the current period. Performance Services contract assets increased $9.2 million primarily due to the acceleration of revenue recognition from licensing and certain consulting services contracts which represents performance obligations that have been satisfied prior to customer invoicing. Performance Services contract assets also increased due to the timing of payments related to certain cost management consulting services and performance-based engagements where revenue is recognized as work is performed.
The $53.6 million increase in revenue share obligation from June 30, 2018 to March 31, 2019 is largely a function of the aforementioned increases in contract assets and the underlying revenue share arrangements associated with the Company's GPO participation agreements.
Revenue recognized during the nine months ended March 31, 20192020 that was included in the opening balance of deferred revenue at June 30, 20182019 was approximately $26.8$27.9 million, which is a result of satisfying performance obligations within the Performance Services segment.
Performance Obligations
A performance obligation is a promise to transfer a distinct good or service to a customer. A contract's transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. Contracts may have a single performance obligation as the promise to transfer individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises and, therefore, not distinct, while other contracts may have multiple performance obligations, most commonly due to the contract covering multiple phases or deliverable arrangements (licensing fees, implementation fees, maintenance and support fees, professional fees for consulting services), including certain performance guarantees.
NetReduction in net revenue recognized during the three and nine months ended March 31, 20192020 from performance obligations that were satisfied or partially satisfied on or before December 31, 2018in prior periods was $3.6 million.$0.1 million and $1.4 million, respectively. The reduction was driven by $3.8 million and $6.9 million, respectively, associated with revised forecasts from underlying contracts that include variable consideration components as well as additional fluctuations due to input method contracts which occur in the normal course of business. This was driven primarilyoffset by $3.7 million and $5.5 million, respectively, of net administrative fees revenue related to under-forecasted cash receipts received in the current period.
Net revenue recognized during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2019 from performance obligations that were satisfied or partially satisfied on or before June 30, 2018in prior periods was $3.6 million and $9.6 million. Thismillion, respectively. The net revenue recognized during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2019 was driven primarily by $3.8 million and $5.4 million, respectively, of net administrative fees revenue related to under-forecasted cash receipts received in the current period as well as a reduction of $0.2 million and an increase of $4.2 million, respectively, associated with revised forecasts from underlying contracts that include variable consideration components as well as additional fluctuations due to input method contracts which occur in the normal course of business.
Remaining performance obligations represent the portion of the transaction price that has not yet been satisfied or achieved. As of March 31, 2019,2020, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was approximately $491.2$572.7 million. The Company expects to recognize approximately 50%41% of the remaining performance obligations over the next 12 months and an additional 25%28% over the following 12 months, with the remainder recognized thereafter.
Contract Costs
The Company is required to capitalize the incremental costs of obtaining and fulfilling a contract, which include sales commissions and costs associated with implementing SaaS informatics tools. At March 31, 2019, the Company had $15.2 million in capitalized

contract costs, including $9.0 million related to implementation costs and $6.2 million related to sales commissions. The Company had $1.4 million and $4.8 million of related amortization expense for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2019, respectively.
(7)
(8) GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS NET
Intangible assets, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
 Useful LifeMarch 31, 2019June 30, 2018
Member relationships14.7 years$220,100
$220,100
Technology5.7 years164,217
142,317
Customer relationships8.2 years49,320
48,120
Trade names8.3 years22,910
22,710
Distribution network10.0 years22,400
22,400
Favorable lease commitments10.1 years11,393
11,393
Non-compete agreements5.8 years9,030
8,710
Total intangible assets 499,370
475,750
Accumulated amortization (195,404)(153,635)
Intangible assets, net $303,966
$322,115
The increase in total intangible assets was due to the acquisition of Stanson in November 2018 (see Note 3 - Business Acquisitions). Intangible asset amortization totaled $14.2 million and $13.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $41.8 million and $41.6 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
(8) GOODWILLGoodwill
Goodwill consisted of the following (in thousands):
 Supply Chain ServicesPerformance ServicesTotal
June 30, 2019$336,973
$543,736
$880,709
Acquisition of businesses and assets48,906

48,906
March 31, 2020$385,879
$543,736
$929,615
 Supply Chain ServicesPerformance ServicesTotal
June 30, 2018$400,348
$506,197
$906,545
Stanson
37,425
37,425
March 31, 2019$400,348
$543,622
$943,970

The initial purchase price allocations for the Company's Acurity and Nexera asset acquisition and the acquisition of Stanson isMedpricer are preliminary and subject to changes in fair value of working capital and valuation of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. The Company recorded Stanson acquisition adjustments during the three months ended March 31, 2019 which were related to working capital adjustments subsequent to the acquisition date. See Note 3 - Business Acquisitions for more information.
Intangible Assets, Net
Intangible assets, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
 Weighted Average Useful Life as of March 31, 2020March 31, 2020June 30, 2019
Member relationships14.8 years$386,100
$220,100
Technology5.6 years169,217
164,217
Customer relationships9.0 years63,230
48,010
Trade names7.6 years23,870
16,060
Non-compete agreements5.3 years11,315
8,800
Favorable lease commitmentsn/a
11,393
Other6.0 years260

Total intangible assets 653,992
468,580
Accumulated amortization (233,888)(197,858)
Total intangible assets, net $420,104
$270,722

Total intangible assets increased due to the Acurity and Nexera asset acquisition and the acquisition of Medpricer (see Note 3 - Business Acquisitions). Intangible asset amortization was $14.0 million and $13.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $38.9 million and $39.8 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
(9) DEBT
Long-term debt consisted of the following (in thousands):
 March 31, 2020June 30, 2019
Credit Facility$250,000
$25,000
Notes payable9,573
8,611
Total debt259,573
33,611
Less: current portion(254,745)(27,608)
Total long-term debt$4,828
$6,003
 Commitment AmountDue DateMarch 31, 2019June 30, 2018
Credit Facility$1,000,000
November 9, 2023$150,000
$100,000
Notes payable
Various8,234
7,212
Total debt  158,234
107,212
Less: current portion  (152,046)(100,250)
Total long-term debt  $6,188
$6,962



Credit Facility
Premier LP, along with its consolidated subsidiaries, PSCI and PHSI, as Co-Borrowers, Premier GP and certain domestic subsidiaries of Premier GP, as guarantors, entered into an unsecured Credit Facility, dated as of November 9, 2018.2018 (the "Credit Facility"). The Credit Facility has a maturity date of November 9, 2023, subject to up to two2 one-year extensions at the request of the Co-Borrowers


and approval of a majority of the lenders under the Credit Facility. The Credit Facility provides for borrowings of up to $1.0 billion with (i) a $50.0 million sub-facility for standby letters of credit and (ii) a $100.0 million sub-facility for swingline loans. The Credit Facility also provides that Co-Borrowers may from time to time (i) incur incremental term loans and (ii) request an increase in the revolving commitments under the Credit Facility, together up to an aggregate of $350.0 million, subject to the approval of the lenders providing such term loans or revolving commitment increases. The Credit Facility includes an unconditional and irrevocable guaranty of all obligations under the Credit Facility by Premier GP, certain domestic subsidiaries of Premier GP and future guarantors, if any. Premier, Inc. is not a guarantor under the Credit Facility.
The Credit Facility replaced our then existing Credit Facility dated June 24, 2014 and amended as of June 4, 2015 (the "Prior Loan Agreement"). The Prior Loan Agreement included a $750.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility and was scheduled to mature on June 24, 2019. At the time of its termination, outstanding borrowings, accrued interest and fees and expenses under the Prior Loan Agreement totaled approximately $100.7 million, which was repaid with cash on hand andOutstanding borrowings under the new Credit Facility.
At the Company's option, committed loans may be in the form of Eurodollar rate loans ("Eurodollar Loans") or base rate loans ("Base Rate Loans"). Eurodollar LoansFacility bear interest on a variable rate structure with borrowings bearing interest at the Eurodollar rate (defined as theeither London Interbank Offered Rate or LIBOR, plus the Applicable Rate (defined as a margin based on the Consolidated Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Facility))). Base Rate Loans bear interest at the Base Rate (defined as the highest of the prime rate announced by the administrative agent, the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50%, the one-month LIBOR plus 1.0% and 0.0%("LIBOR") plus the Applicable Rate. The Applicable Rate rangesan applicable margin ranging from 1.000% to 1.500% for Eurodollar Loans andor the prime lending rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.000% to 0.500% for Base Rate Loans.. At March 31, 2019,2020, the interest rate for one-month Eurodollar Loans was 3.495% and the interest rate for Base Rate Loans was 5.500%. The Co-Borrowers are required to pay a commitment fee ranging from 0.100% to 0.200% per annum on the actual daily unused amount of commitmentsoutstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility. At March 31, 2019, the commitment feeFacility was 0.100%1.96%.
The Credit Facility contains customary representations and warranties as well as customary affirmative and negative covenants, including, among others, limitations on liens, indebtedness, fundamental changes, dispositions, restricted payments and investments. Under the terms of the Credit Facility, Premier GP is not permitted to allow its consolidated total net leverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Facility) to exceed 3.75 to 1.00 for any period of four consecutive quarters, provided that, in connection with any acquisition for which the aggregate consideration exceeds $250.0 million, the maximum consolidated total net leverage ratio may be increased to 4.25 to 1.00 for the four consecutive fiscal quarters beginning with the quarter in which such acquisition is completed. In addition, Premier GP must maintain a minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Facility) of 2.50 to 1.00 at the end of every fiscal quarter.covenants. Premier GP was in compliance with all such covenants at March 31, 2019.
2020. The Credit Facility also contains customary events of default, including among others, payment defaults, breaches of representations and warranties, covenant defaults, cross-defaultsa cross-default of any indebtedness or guarantees in excess of $75.0 million, bankruptcy and other insolvency events, ERISA-related liabilities and judgment defaults in excess of $50.0 million, and the occurrence of a change of control (as defined in the Credit Facility).million. If any event of default occurs and is continuing, the administrative agent under the Credit Facility may, with the consent, or shall, at the request of a majority of the lenders under the Credit Facility, terminate the commitments and declare all of the amounts owed under the Credit Facility to be immediately due and payable. The Company may prepay amounts outstanding under the Credit Facility without premium or penalty provided that Co-Borrowers compensate the lenders for losses and expenses incurred as a result of the prepayment of any Eurodollar Loan, as defined in the Credit Facility.
Proceeds from borrowings under the Credit Facility may generally be used to finance ongoing working capital requirements, including permitted acquisitions, discretionary cash settlements of Class B unit exchanges under the Exchange Agreement, repurchases of Class A common stock pursuant to stock repurchase programs, and other general corporate activities. During the nine months ended March 31, 2019,2020, the Company borrowed $50.0$375.0 million and repaid $150.0 million of borrowings under the Credit Facility. The Company had $250.0 million in outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility of $150.0 million at March 31, 2019.
In2020 with $750.0 million of available borrowing capacity after reductions for outstanding borrowings and outstanding letters of credit. On April 2019,27, 2020, the Company repaid $50.0$150.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility.
Notes Payable
At March 31, 20192020 and June 30, 2018,2019, the Company had $8.2$9.6 million and $7.2$8.6 million in notes payable, respectively, consisting primarily of non-interest bearing notes payable outstanding to departed member owners, of which $2.0$4.8 million and $0.2$2.6 million, respectively, were included in current portion of long-term debt and $6.2 million and $7.0 million, respectively, were included in


long-term debt, less current portion, in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.Sheets. Notes payable do not bear interest and generally have stated maturities of five years from their date of issuance.
(10) REDEEMABLE LIMITED PARTNERS' CAPITAL
Redeemable limited partners' capital represents the member owners' 51%42% ownership of Premier LP through their ownership of Class B common units at March 31, 2019.2020. The member owners hold the majority of the votes of the Board of Directors and any redemption or transfer or choice of consideration cannot be assumed to be within the control of the Company. Therefore, redeemable limited partners' capital is recorded at the greater of the book value or redemption amount per the Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of Premier LP (as amended, the "LP Agreement"), and is calculated as the fair value of all Class B common units as if immediately exchangeable into Class A common shares. For the nine months ended March 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, the Company recorded decreasesadjustments to the fair value of redeemable limited partners' capital as an adjustment of redeemable limited partners' capital to redemption amount in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income in the amounts of $178.9$516.7 million and $511.3$178.9 million, respectively.
Redeemable limited partners' capital is classified as temporary equity in the mezzanine section of the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as, pursuant to the LP Agreement, withdrawal is at the option of each member owner and the conditions of the repurchase are not solely within the Company's control.


The tables below provide a summary of the changes in the redeemable limited partners' capital from June 30, 2019 to March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2018 to March 31, 2019 and June 30, 2017 to March 31, 2018 (in thousands):
 Receivables From Limited PartnersRedeemable Limited Partners' CapitalTotal Redeemable Limited Partners' Capital
Balance at June 30, 2019$(1,204)$2,524,474
$2,523,270
Distributions applied to receivables from limited partners69

69
Redemption of limited partners
(1,371)(1,371)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP
41,907
41,907
Distributions to limited partners
(13,699)(13,699)
Exchange of Class B common units for Class A common stock by member owners
(50,792)(50,792)
Adjustment of redeemable limited partners' capital to redemption amount
(694,309)(694,309)
Balance at September 30, 2019$(1,135)$1,806,210
$1,805,075
Distributions applied to receivables from limited partners70

70
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP
55,704
55,704
Distributions to limited partners
(12,689)(12,689)
Exchange of Class B common units for Class A common stock by member owners
(223,946)(223,946)
Adjustment of redeemable limited partners' capital to redemption amount
480,153
480,153
Balance at December 31, 2019$(1,065)$2,105,432
$2,104,367
Distributions applied to receivables from limited partners71

71
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP
35,058
35,058
Distributions to limited partners
(9,314)(9,314)
Exchange of Class B common units for Class A common stock by member owners
(169,194)(169,194)
Adjustment of redeemable limited partners' capital to redemption amount
(302,569)(302,569)
Balance at March 31, 2020$(994)$1,659,413
$1,658,419
 Receivables From Limited PartnersRedeemable Limited Partners' CapitalTotal Redeemable Limited Partners' Capital
June 30, 2018$(2,205)$2,922,615
$2,920,410
Distributions applied to receivables from limited partners437

437
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP
55,113
55,113
Distributions to limited partners
(14,993)(14,993)
Exchange of Class B common units for Class A common stock by member owners
(30,536)(30,536)
Adjustment of redeemable limited partners' capital to redemption amount
708,193
708,193
September 30, 2018$(1,768)$3,640,392
$3,638,624
Distributions applied to receivables from limited partners416

416
Redemption of limited partners
(448)(448)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP
62,631
62,631
Distributions to limited partners
(14,288)(14,288)
Exchange of Class B common units for Class A common stock by member owners
(441,344)(441,344)
Adjustment of redeemable limited partners' capital to redemption amount
(651,709)(651,709)
December 31, 2018$(1,352)$2,595,234
$2,593,882
Distributions applied to receivables from limited partners80

80
Redemption of limited partners
(1,372)(1,372)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP
43,388
43,388
Distributions to limited partners
(13,145)(13,145)
Exchange of Class B common units for Class A common stock by member owners
(147,441)(147,441)
Adjustment of redeemable limited partners' capital to redemption amount
(235,394)(235,394)
March 31, 2019$(1,272)$2,241,270
$2,239,998




 Receivables From Limited PartnersRedeemable Limited Partners' CapitalTotal Redeemable Limited Partners' Capital
Balance at June 30, 2018$(2,205)$2,922,615
$2,920,410
Distributions applied to receivables from limited partners437

437
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP
55,113
55,113
Distributions to limited partners
(14,993)(14,993)
Exchange of Class B common units for Class A common stock by member owners
(30,536)(30,536)
Adjustment of redeemable limited partners' capital to redemption amount
708,193
708,193
Balance at September 30, 2018$(1,768)$3,640,392
$3,638,624
Distributions applied to receivables from limited partners416

416
Redemption of limited partners
(448)(448)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP
62,631
62,631
Distributions to limited partners
(14,288)(14,288)
Exchange of Class B common units for Class A common stock by member owners
(441,344)(441,344)
Adjustment of redeemable limited partners' capital to redemption amount
(651,709)(651,709)
Balance at December 31, 2018$(1,352)$2,595,234
$2,593,882
Distributions applied to receivables from limited partners80

80
Redemption of limited partners
(1,372)(1,372)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP
43,388
43,388
Distributions to limited partners
(13,145)(13,145)
Exchange of Class B common units for Class A common stock by member owners
(147,441)(147,441)
Adjustment of redeemable limited partners' capital to redemption amount
(235,394)(235,394)
Balance at March 31, 2019$(1,272)$2,241,270
$2,239,998
 Receivables From Limited PartnersRedeemable Limited Partners' CapitalTotal Redeemable Limited Partners' Capital
June 30, 2017$(4,177)$3,142,760
$3,138,583
Distributions applied to receivables from limited partners492

492
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP
44,610
44,610
Distributions to limited partners
(20,752)(20,752)
Exchange of Class B common units for Class A common stock by member owners
(42,976)(42,976)
Adjustment of redeemable limited partners' capital to redemption amount
(320,424)(320,424)
September 30, 2017$(3,685)$2,803,218
$2,799,533
Distributions applied to receivables from limited partners492

492
Redemption of limited partners
(269)(269)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP
56,485
56,485
Distributions to limited partners
(20,396)(20,396)
Exchange of Class B common units for Class A common stock by member owners
(119,289)(119,289)
Adjustment of redeemable limited partners' capital to redemption amount
(317,916)(317,916)
December 31, 2017$(3,193)$2,401,833
$2,398,640
Distributions applied to receivables from limited partners494

494
Redemption of limited partners
(673)(673)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP
53,047
53,047
Distributions to limited partners
(13,157)(13,157)
Exchange of Class B common units for Class A common stock by member owners
(32,659)(32,659)
Adjustment of redeemable limited partners' capital to redemption amount
127,039
127,039
March 31, 2018$(2,699)$2,535,430
$2,532,731

Receivables from limited partners represent amounts due from limited partners for their required capital in Premier LP. These receivables are either interest bearing notes that were issued to new limited partners or non-interest bearing loans (contribution loans) provided to existing limited partners. These receivablesand are reflected as a reduction to redeemable limited partners' capital so that amounts due from limited partners for capital are not reflected as redeemable limited partnership capital until paid. No interest bearing notes receivable were executed by limited partners of Premier LP during the nine months ended March 31, 2019.2020.
During the nine months ended March 31, 2019, four2020, 3 limited partners withdrew from Premier LP. The limited partnership agreement provides Premier LP with an option to redeemfor the redemption of former limited partners' Class B common units that are not eligible for exchange, upon payment of a specified redemption amount paid in the form of a five-year, unsecured, non-interest bearing term promissory note, a cash payment equal to the present value of the redemption amount, or other mutually agreed upon terms. Partnership interest obligations to former limited partners are reflected in notes payable in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Under the Exchange Agreement, Class B common units that are eligible for exchange by withdrawing limited partners must be exchanged in the subsequent quarter's exchange process.
Premier LP's distribution policy requires cash distributions as long as taxable income is generated and cash is available to distribute on a quarterly basis prior to the 60th day after the end of each calendar quarter. The Company makes quarterly distributions to its limited partners in the form of a legal partnership income distribution governed by the terms of the LP Agreement. These partner distributions are based on the limited partner's ownership in Premier LP and relative participation across Premier service offerings. While these distributions are based on relative participation across Premier service offerings, they are not based directly on revenue generated from an individual partner's participation as the distributions are based on the net income or loss of the partnership which encompasses the operating expenses of the partnership as well as participation by non-owner members in Premier's service offerings. To the extent Premier LP incurred a net loss, the limited partners would not receive a quarterly distribution. As provided in the LP


Agreement, the amount of actual cash distributed may be reduced by the amount of such distributions used by limited partners to offset contribution loans or other amounts payable to the Company.


Quarterly distributions made to limited partners during the current fiscal year are as follows (in thousands):
Date
Distribution (a)
August 23, 2018$15,465
November 21, 2018$14,993
February 21, 2019$14,288
Date
Distribution (a)
August 22, 2019$13,202
November 27, 2019$13,699
February 20, 2020$12,689
(a)Distributions are equal to Premier LP's total taxable income from the preceding fiscal quarter-to-date period for each respective distribution date multiplied by the Company's standalone effective combined federal, state and local income tax rate for each respective distribution date. Premier LP expects to make a $13.1$9.3 million quarterly distribution on or before May 29, 2019.2020. The distribution is reflected in limited partners' distribution payable in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2019.2020.
Pursuant to the Exchange Agreement (see Note 1 - Organization and Basis of Presentation for more information), each limited partner has the cumulative right to exchange up to one-seventh of its initial allocation of Class B common units for shares of Class A common stock, cash or a combination of both, the form of consideration to be at the discretion of the Company's independent Audit and Compliance Committee.Committee of the Board of Directors. During the nine months ended March 31, 2019,2020, the Company recorded total reductions of $619.3$443.9 million to redeemable limited partners' capital to reflect the exchange of approximately 14.313.1 million Class B common units and surrender and retirement of a corresponding number of shares of Class B common stock by member owners for a like number of shares of the Company's Class A common stock (see Note 12 - Earnings (Loss) Per Share for more information). Quarterly exchanges during the current fiscal year were as follows (in thousands, except Class B common units).:
Date of Quarterly ExchangeNumber of Class B Common Units ExchangedReduction in Redeemable Limited Partners' Capital
July 31, 20191,310,771
$50,792
October 31, 20196,873,699
223,946
January 31, 20204,866,082
169,194
Total13,050,552
$443,932
Date of Quarterly ExchangeNumber of Class B Common Units ExchangedReduction in Redeemable Limited Partners' Capital
July 31, 2018816,468
$30,536
October 31, 20189,807,651
441,344
January 31, 20193,705,459
147,440
Total14,329,578
$619,320

(11) STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICITEQUITY (DEFICIT)
As of March 31, 2019,2020, there were 61,391,41771,070,617 shares of the Company's Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and 64,983,23250,715,564 shares of the Company's Class B common stock, par value $0.000001 per share, outstanding.
On May 7, 2018,2019, the Company'sCompany announced that its Board of Directors approvedauthorized the repurchase of up to $250.0$300.0 million of ourthe Company's Class A common stock during fiscal year 2019 as a continuation of our balanced capital deployment strategy.2020. As of March 31, 2019,2020, the Company completed its stock repurchase program, through which approximately 6.7had purchased 4.6 million shares of Class A common stock were purchased at an average price of $37.38$32.28 per share for a total purchase price of approximately $250.0$150.0 million. The repurchase authorization may be suspended, delayed, or discontinued at any time at the discretion of the Company's Board of Directors. Repurchases are subject to compliance with applicable federal securities laws and the Company's management may, at its discretion, suspend, delay, or discontinue repurchases at any time, based on market conditions, alternate uses of capital, or other factors. The Company does not currently expect to make additional purchases of its Class A common stock under the repurchase program during the remainder of fiscal year 2020.
Holders of Class A common stock are entitled to (i) one1 vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, (ii) receive dividends, when and if declared by the Board of Directors out of funds legally available, subject to any statutory or contractual restrictions on the payment of dividends and subject to any restrictions on the payment of dividends imposed by the terms of any outstanding preferred stock or any class of series of stock having a preference over or the right to participate with the Class A common stock with respect to the payment of dividends or other distributions and (iii) receive pro rata, based on the number of shares of Class A common stock held, the remaining assets available for distribution upon the dissolution or liquidation of Premier, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidation preferences, if any.
Holders of Class B common stock are entitled to one1 vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, but are not entitled to receive dividends, other than dividends payable in shares of Premier's common stock, or to receive a distribution upon the dissolution or a liquidation of Premier. Pursuant to the terms of a voting trust agreement by and among the Company, Premier LP, the holders of Class B common stock and Wells Fargo Delaware Trust Company, N.A., as the trustee, the trustee will vote all of the Class B common stock as a block in the manner determined by the plurality of the votes received by the trustee from the member owners for the election of directors to serve on the Board of Directors, and by a majority



of the votes received by the trustee from the member owners for all other matters. Class B common stock will not be listed on any stock exchange and, except in connection with any permitted sale or transfer of Class B common units, cannot be sold or transferred.
(12) EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share of Premier is computed by dividing net income attributable to stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Net income attributable to stockholders includes the adjustment recorded in the period to reflect redeemable limited partners' capital at the redemption amount, as a result ofwhich is due to the exchange benefit obtained by limited partners through the ownership of Class B common units. Except when the effect would be anti-dilutive, the diluted earnings (loss) per share calculation, which is calculated using the treasury stock method, includes the impact of shares that could be issued under the outstanding stock options, non-vested restricted stock units and awards, shares of non-vested performance share awards and the effect of the assumed redemption of Class B common units through the issuance of Class A common shares.
The following table provides a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used for basic and diluted (loss) earnings (loss) per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):
 Three Months Ended March 31, Nine Months Ended March 31,
 201920192018 201920192018
 As presented
Previous revenue standard (a)
 As presented
Previous revenue standard (a)
Numerator for basic earnings (loss) per share:       
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders$265,808
$262,675
$(103,537) $278,364
$252,985
$514,093
        
Numerator for diluted earnings (loss) per share:       
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders$265,808
$262,675
$(103,537) $278,364
$252,985
$514,093
Adjustment of redeemable limited partners' capital to redemption amount(235,394)(233,713)
 (178,910)(164,609)(511,301)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP43,388
40,660

 161,132
141,818
154,142
Net income (loss)73,802
69,622
(103,537) 260,586
230,194
156,934
Tax effect on Premier, Inc. net income (b)
(11,762)(12,278)
 (38,503)(36,128)(47,951)
Adjusted net income (loss)$62,040
$57,344
$(103,537) $222,083
$194,066
$108,983
        
Denominator for basic earnings (loss) per share:       
Weighted average shares (c)
62,020
62,020
53,529
 58,346
58,346
53,885
        
Denominator for diluted earnings (loss) per share:       
Weighted average shares (c)
62,020
62,020
53,529
 58,346
58,346
53,885
Effect of dilutive securities: (d)
       
Stock options474
474

 630
630
266
Restricted stock256
256

 304
304
285
Class B shares outstanding66,322
66,322

 72,969
72,969
83,818
Weighted average shares and assumed conversions129,072
129,072
53,529
 132,249
132,249
138,254
        
Basic earnings (loss) per share (e)
$4.29
$4.24
$(1.93) $4.77
$4.34
$9.54
Diluted earnings (loss) per share (e)
$0.48
$0.44
$(1.93) $1.68
$1.47
$0.79
 Three Months Ended March 31,Nine Months Ended March 31,
 2020201920202019
Numerator for basic earnings per share:    
Net income from continuing operations attributable to stockholders (a)
$340,726
$266,524
$620,262
$280,128
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to stockholders2
(716)529
(1,764)
Net income attributable to stockholders$340,728
$265,808
$620,791
$278,364
  
 
Numerator for diluted earnings per share: 
 
Net income from continuing operations attributable to stockholders (a)
$340,726
$266,524
$620,262
$280,128
Adjustment of redeemable limited partners' capital to redemption amount(302,569)(235,394)(516,725)(178,910)
Net income from continuing operations attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP35,055
44,135
132,189
163,230
Net income from continuing operations73,212
75,265
235,726
264,448
Tax effect on Premier, Inc. net income (b)
(7,067)(11,762)(30,007)(38,503)
Adjusted net income from continuing operations$66,145
$63,503
$205,719
$225,945
  
 
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to stockholders$2
$(716)$529
$(1,764)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP3
(747)480
(2,098)
Adjusted net income (loss) from discontinued operations$5
$(1,463)$1,009
$(3,862)
  
 
Adjusted net income$66,150
$62,040
$206,728
$222,083
  
 
Denominator for earnings per share: 


Basic weighted average shares outstanding69,451
62,020
65,582
58,346
Effect of dilutive securities: (d)
 
 
Stock options232
474
357
630
Restricted stock216
256
239
304
Performance share awards197

66

Class B shares outstanding52,374
66,322
57,786
72,969
Diluted weighted average shares and assumed conversions122,470
129,072
124,030
132,249


 Three Months Ended March 31,Nine Months Ended March 31,
 2020201920202019
     
Basic earnings per share:    
Basic earnings per share from continuing operations$4.91
$4.30
$9.46
$4.80
Basic earnings (loss) per share from discontinued operations
(0.01)0.01
(0.03)
Basic earnings per share attributable to stockholders$4.91
$4.29
$9.47
$4.77
     
Diluted earnings per share:    
Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations$0.54
$0.49
$1.66
$1.71
Diluted earnings (loss) per share from discontinued operations
(0.01)
(0.03)
Diluted earnings per share attributable to stockholders$0.54
$0.48
$1.66
$1.68
(a)The Company adopted Topic 606 effective July 1, 2018, while comparative results are presented under Topic 605. ReferNet income from continuing operations attributable to Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies for more information.stockholders was calculated as follows (in thousands):


 Three Months Ended March 31,Nine Months Ended March 31,
 2020201920192018
Net income from continuing operations$73,212
$75,265
$235,726
$264,448
Net income from continuing operations attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP(35,055)(44,135)(132,189)(163,230)
Adjustment of redeemable limited partners' capital to redemption amount302,569
235,394
516,725
178,910
Net income from continuing operations attributable to stockholders$340,726
$266,524
$620,262
$280,128
(b)Represents income tax expense related to Premier, Inc. retaining the portion of net income from continuing operations attributable to income from non-controlling interest in Premier, LP for the purpose of diluted earnings (loss) per share.
(c)Weighted average number of common shares used for basic earnings (loss) per share excludes weighted average shares of non-vested stock options, non-vested restricted stock, non-vested performance share awards and Class B shares outstanding for the three and nine months ended March 31, 20192020 and 2018.2019.
(d)For the three and nine months ended March 31, 2019,2020, the effect of 0.60.8 million stock options and restricted stock units was excluded from diluted weighted average shares outstanding as they had an anti-dilutive effect, andeffect. Additionally, the effect of 0.7less than $0.1 million performance share awards was excluded from diluted weighted average shares outstanding as theythe awards had not satisfied the applicable performance criteria at the end of the period.
For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the effect of 2.9 million stock options, restricted stock units and performance share awards and 81.4 million Class B common units exchangeable for Class A common shares were excluded from diluted weighted average shares outstanding due to the net loss attributable to stockholders sustained for the quarter and as including them would have had been anti-dilutive for the period. For the nine months ended March 31, 2018,2019, the effect of 1.70.6 million stock options and restricted stock units was excluded from diluted weighted average shares outstanding as they had an anti-dilutive effect, andeffect. Additionally, the effect of 0.60.7 million performance share awards was excluded from diluted weighted average shares outstanding as they had not satisfied the applicable performance criteria at the end of the period.
(e)We have corrected prior period information within the current period financial statements related to a specific component used in calculating the tax effect on Premier, Inc. net income for purposes of diluted earnings per share. Diluted earnings (loss) per share for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 was previously stated at ($0.84) per share and has been corrected to $0.79 per share. We believe the correction is immaterial and the corrected amount had no impact on our overall financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Pursuant to the terms of the Exchange Agreement, on a quarterly basis, the Company has the option, as determined by the independent Audit and Compliance Committee, to settle the exchange of Class B common units of Premier LP by member owners for cash, an equal number of Class A common shares of Premier, Inc. or a combination of cash and shares of Class A common stock. In connection with the exchange of Class B common units by member owners, regardless of the consideration used to settle the exchange, an equal number of shares of Premier's Class B common stock are surrendered by member owners and retired (see Note 10 - Redeemable Limited Partners' Capital). The following table presents certain information regarding the exchange of Class B common units and associated Class B common stock for Premier's Class A common stock and/or cash in connection with the quarterly exchanges pursuant to the terms of the Exchange Agreement, including activity related to the Class A and Class B common units and Class A and Class B common stock through the date of the applicable quarterly exchange:
Quarterly Exchange by Member Owners
Class B Common Shares Retired Upon Exchange (a)
Class B Common Shares Outstanding After Exchange (a)
Class A Common Shares Outstanding After Exchange (b)
Percentage of Combined Voting Power Class B/Class A Common Stock
July 31, 2018816,468
79,519,233
53,256,897
60%/40%
October 31, 20189,807,651
69,601,752
63,734,585
53%/47%
January 31, 20193,705,459
65,778,688
63,841,210
51%/49%
April 30, 2019 (c)
435,188
64,548,044
61,826,763
51%/49%
Quarterly Exchange by Member Owners
Class B Common Shares Retired Upon Exchange (a)
Class B Common Shares Outstanding After Exchange (a)
Class A Common Shares Outstanding After Exchange (b)
Percentage of Combined Voting Power Class B/Class A Common Stock
July 31, 20191,310,771
62,767,860
63,274,182
49.8%/50.2%
October 31, 20196,873,699
55,581,646
66,522,023
46%/54%
January 31, 20204,866,082
50,715,564
71,066,141
42%/58%
April 30, 2020 (c)
502,466
50,213,098
71,574,119
41%/59%
(a)The number of Class B common shares retired or outstanding is equivalent to the number of Class B common units retired upon exchange or outstanding after the exchange, as applicable.
(b)
The number of Class A common shares outstanding after exchange also includes activity related to the Company's share repurchase program (see Note 11 - Stockholders' DeficitEquity (Deficit)), and equity incentive plan (see Note 13 - Stock-Based Compensation) and departed member owners (see Note 10 - Redeemable Limited Partners' Capital).


(c)As the quarterly exchange occurred on April 30, 2019,2020, the impact of the exchange is not reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements for the quarter ended March 31, 2019. The Company utilized 435,188 treasury shares to facilitate this exchange, and as a result had 2,419,148 Class A common shares held in treasury as of April 30, 2019, after the exchange.2020.
(13) STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period, which generally equals the stated vesting period. The associated deferred tax benefit was calculated at a rate of 25%, for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, which represents the expected effective income tax rate at the time of the compensation expense deduction primarily at PHSI, and differs from the Company's current effective income tax rate which includes the impact of partnership income not subject to federal and state income taxes (seetaxes. See Note 14 - Income Taxes).


Taxes for further information.
Stock-based compensation expense and the resulting deferred tax benefits were as follows (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended March 31,Nine Months Ended March 31,
 2020201920202019
Pre-tax stock-based compensation expense (a)
$7,568
$6,666
$19,048
$20,354
Deferred tax benefit1,915
1,647
4,819
5,027
Total stock-based compensation expense, net of tax$5,653
$5,019
$14,229
$15,327

 Three Months Ended March 31,Nine Months Ended March 31,
 2019201820192018
Pre-tax stock-based compensation expense$6,781
$7,231
$20,692
$24,930
Deferred tax benefit1,675
1,787
5,111
6,160
Total stock-based compensation expense, net of tax$5,106
$5,444
$15,581
$18,770
(a)Pre-tax stock based compensation expense attributable to discontinued operations of $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2019 is not included in the above table.
Premier 2013 Equity Incentive Plan
The Premier 2013 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (and including any further amendments thereto, the "2013 Equity Incentive Plan") provides for grants of up to 14.8 million shares of Class A common stock, all of which are eligible to be issued as non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units or performance share awards. As of March 31, 2019,2020, there were 6.65.9 million shares available for grant under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan.
The following table includes information related to restricted stock, performance share awards and stock options for the nine months ended March 31, 2019:2020:
 Restricted Stock Performance Share Awards Stock Options

Number of AwardsWeighted Average Fair Value at Grant Date Number of AwardsWeighted Average Fair Value at Grant Date Number of OptionsWeighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at June 30, 2019589,550
$37.06
 1,439,815
$36.38
 2,798,673
$30.22
Granted350,700
$36.73
 738,118
$36.06
 
$
Vested/exercised(217,356)$33.55
 (493,759)$31.58
 (221,147)$30.49
Forfeited(32,989)$38.65
 (71,444)$38.82
 (18,121)$32.90
Outstanding at March 31, 2020689,905
$37.92
 1,612,730
$37.59
 2,559,405
$30.18
         
Stock options outstanding and exercisable at March 31, 2020      2,428,055
$30.04
 Restricted Stock Performance Share Awards Stock Options

Number of AwardsWeighted Average Fair Value at Grant Date Number of AwardsWeighted Average Fair Value at Grant Date Number of OptionsWeighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at June 30, 2018605,873
$33.25
 1,318,047
$33.00
 3,499,251
$30.53
Granted279,973
$43.22
 607,339
$43.16
 
$
Vested/exercised(238,206)$34.82
 (359,751)$35.43
 (548,455)$32.03
Forfeited(53,751)$36.15
 (117,595)$36.27
 (56,450)$32.66
Outstanding at March 31, 2019593,889
$37.06
 1,448,040
$36.39
 2,894,346
$30.21
         
Stock options outstanding and exercisable at March 31, 2019      2,478,892
$29.83

Restricted stock units and restricted stock awards issued and outstanding generally vest over a three-year period for employees and a one-year period for directors. Performance share awards issued and outstanding generally vest over a three-year period if performance targets are met. Stock options have a term of ten years from the date of grant. Vested stock options will expire either after twelve months ofafter an employee's termination with Premier or immediately upon an employee's termination with Premier, depending on the termination circumstances. Stock options generally vest in equal annual installments over three years.


Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense at March 31, 20192020 was as follows (in thousands):
 Unrecognized Stock-Based Compensation ExpenseWeighted Average Amortization Period
Restricted stock$14,745
1.9 years
Performance share awards29,777
1.9 years
Stock options617
0.5 years
Total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense$45,139
1.9 years
 Unrecognized Stock-Based Compensation ExpenseWeighted Average Amortization Period
Restricted stock$12,432
1.9 years
Performance share awards26,567
1.9 years
Stock options2,941
1.2 years
Total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense$41,940
1.9 years



The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options at March 31, 20192020 was as follows (in thousands):
 Intrinsic Value of Stock Options
Outstanding and exercisable$7,762
Expected to vest12
Total outstanding$7,774
  
Exercised during the nine months ended March 31, 2020$1,541

 Intrinsic Value of Stock Options
Outstanding and exercisable$12,074
Expected to vest851
Total outstanding$12,925
  
Exercised during the nine months ended March 31, 2019$5,381
The Company estimated the fair value of each stock option on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model, applying the following assumptions, and amortized expense over each option's vesting period using the straight-line attribution approach:

Nine Months Ended March 31, 2018
Expected life (a)
6 years
Expected dividend (b)
Expected volatility (c)
29.44% - 32.26%
Risk-free interest rate (d)
1.89% - 2.75%
Weighted average option grant date fair value$9.48 - $11.42
(a)The six-year expected life (estimated period of time outstanding) of stock options granted was estimated using the "Simplified Method" which utilizes the midpoint between the vesting date and the end of the contractual term. This method was utilized for the stock options due to the lack of historical exercise behavior of Premier's employees.
(b)No dividends are expected to be paid over the contractual term of the stock options granted, resulting in the use of a zero expected dividend rate.
(c)The expected volatility rate is based on the observed historical volatilities of comparable companies.
(d)The risk-free interest rate was interpolated from the five-year and seven-year Constant Maturity Treasury rate published by the United States Treasury as of the date of the grant.
(14) INCOME TAXES
The Company's income tax expense is attributable to the activities of the Company, PHSI, PSCI and PSCI,Premier Marketplace, LLC ("PMLLC"), all of which are subchapter C corporations and are subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes. In contrast, under the provisions of federal and state laws,statutes, Premier LP is not subject to federal and state income taxes, as the income realized by Premier LP is taxable to its partners.
On November 8, 2019, the State of North Carolina made significant changes to its income tax law, effective for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2020. As a result, the Company remeasured its deferred tax assets and liabilities as of the enactment date and recorded an income tax expense of $38.6 million as a discrete item in the Company's income tax provision during the quarter ended December 31, 2019.
On March 27, 2020, in response to COVID-19, the U.S. government enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act"). The CARES Act is an emergency economic stimulus package which contains, among other things, changes to income tax law including a modification to the net operating loss ("NOL") carryback period. The NOL carryback provision will allow the Company to carry back $21.1 million of NOLs to offset taxable income in prior years. As a result of the TCJA that was enacted on December 22, 2017,NOL carryback provision, the U.S. federal corporateCompany expects an income tax rate was reduced from 35% to 21%. In accordancerefund of $7.3 million with U.S. GAAP, the impact of changes in tax rates and tax laws is recognized as a component ofcorresponding income tax expense from continuing operations inbenefit of $2.9 million for the period of enactment. The Company has remeasured itsrate differential between the cash benefit at 35% and the deferred tax balances and recorded net provisional tax expense of $210.4 million in fiscal year 2018. During the first quarter of fiscal year 2019, the Company evaluated the impact of the TCJA with respect to the amendments to Section 162(m) based on the issuance of additional guidance by the Internal Revenue Service. The Company concluded no adjustment to its deferred tax balances is required. During the second quarter of fiscal year 2019, the Company further analyzed state tax conformity with respect to the net operating losses as amended by the TCJA, and as a result, recorded $0.5 million of tax benefit attributable to valuation allowance release. During the second quarter of fiscal year 2019, the Company completed its accounting for the income tax effects of the TCJA. To date, the Company has recorded $209.9 million in income tax expense associated with the enactment of the TCJA.valued at 21%.
Income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 was $11.1$4.2 million and $13.3$11.7 million, respectively, which reflects effective tax rates of 13%5% and 15%13%, respectively. Income tax expense for the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 was $23.7$78.3 million and $257.6$25.8 million, respectively, which reflects effective tax rates of 8%25% and 62%9%, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax ratesrate for the three months ended March 31, 2020 is primarily attributable todriven by the deferredincome tax remeasurement related tobenefit associated with the aforementioned decreaseNOL carryback provisions under the CARES Act and the release of the valuation allowance. The increase in the U.S. federal corporate incomeeffective tax rate from 35% to 21% duringfor the nine months ended March 31, 2018. 2020 is largely attributable to the aforementioned remeasurement of deferred tax balances related to the change in North Carolina state income tax law. Excluding the deferred tax remeasurement, the effective tax rate is 13% for the nine months ended March 31, 2020.
The Company's effective tax rates differ from income taxes recorded using a statutory rate largely due to Premier LP income, which is not subject to federal, state or local income taxes as well as reductions in valuation allowances associated with deferred tax assets at PHSI.
The Company's existing reserve for uncertain income tax positions decreased $12.2 million during the second quarter of fiscal year 2019, primarily due to the closing of certain audits.taxes.



Net deferred tax assets increased $104.9by $5.7 million to $393.0$422.9 million at March 31, 20192020 from $288.1$417.2 million at June 30, 2018. The current period balance was comprised of $413.5 million in deferred tax assets at Premier, Inc., partially offset by $20.5 million in deferred tax liabilities at PHSI and PSCI.2019. The increase in net deferred tax assets from the prior period was largely driven by $131.2increase of $64.0 million in deferred tax assets generatedrelated to departures and quarterly exchanges of Class B common units of Premier LP by the member exchanges that occurredowners during the nine months ended March 31, 2019.2020, partially offset by a decrease of $38.6 million from remeasurement of deferred tax balances related to the change in North Carolina state income tax law and $19.7 million attributable to the deferred tax impact of tax-deductible goodwill and the NOL carryback provision taken as a result of the CARES Act.
The Company's TRA liabilities represent a payable to the limited partners for 85% of the tax savings the Company expects to receive, if any, in U.S. federal, foreign, state and local income and franchise tax that may be realized (or deemed to realize, in the case of payments required to be made upon certain occurrences under such TRAs) in connection with the Section 754 election by Premier LP. Tax savings are generated as a result of the increase in tax basis resulting from the initial sale of Class B common units, subsequent exchanges (pursuant to the Exchange Agreement) and payments under the TRA. The election results in adjustments to the tax basis of the assets of Premier LP upon member owner exchanges of Class B common units of Premier LP for Class A common stock of Premier, Inc. or cash. TRA liabilities increased $86.3decreased by $49.3 million to $341.4$294.9 million at March 31, 20192020 from $255.1$344.1 million at June 30, 2018.2019. The change in TRA liabilities was driven primarily by the $114.9$86.3 million increaseattributable to member departures, $24.6 million in TRA liabilitiesremeasurements primarily due to the change in North Carolina state income tax law and $17.4 million in TRA payments during the nine months ended March 31, 2020. These decreases were partially offset by an increase of $79.0 million in connection with the quarterly member owner exchanges that occurred during the nine months ended March 31, 2019, partially offset by $18.0 million in TRA payments and $10.7 million attributable to member departures during the nine months ended March 31, 2019.2020.
(15) RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
FFF
The Company's 49% ownership share of net income of FFF, which was acquired on July 26, 2016, included in equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income was $0.5$4.3 million and $0.1$0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, respectively, and $4.4$10.8 million and $5.7$4.4 million for the nine months ended March 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, respectively. The Company maintains group purchasing agreements with FFF and receives administrative fees for purchases made by the Company's members pursuant to those agreements. Net administrative fees revenue recorded from purchases under those agreements was $1.9$1.2 million as presented and $2.1 million under the Previous Revenue Standard during the three months ended March 31, 2019, and $1.8$1.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018 under the Previous Revenue Standard. Net administrative fees revenue recorded from purchases under those agreements was2020 and 2019, respectively, and $5.8 million and $6.1 million as presented and $5.9 million under the Previous Revenue Standard duringfor the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
(16) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Operating Leases
Operating lease expense for the three and $5.8 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2018 under the Previous Revenue Standard.
AEIX
The Company conducts all operational activities for American Excess Insurance Exchange Risk Retention Group ("AEIX"), a reciprocal risk retention group that provides excess and umbrella healthcare professional and general liability insurance to certain hospital and healthcare system members. The Company is reimbursed by AEIX for actual costs, plus an annual incentive management fee not to exceed $0.5 million per calendar year. The Company received cost reimbursement of $2.02020 was $2.7 million and $1.4$8.2 million, during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $4.1 million and $4.2 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of March 31, 20192020, the weighted average remaining lease term was 6.0 years and June 30, 2018, $0.5 million and $0.9 million, respectively,the weighted average discount rate was 3.9%.
Future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases with initial lease terms in amounts receivable from AEIX are included in due from related parties in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.excess of one year were as follows (in thousands):
(16) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
 March 31, 2020
June 30, 2019 (a)
2020 (b)
$3,091
$12,130
202111,806
11,539
202211,735
11,468
202312,012
11,533
202412,145
11,510
Thereafter22,348
20,645
Total future minimum lease payments73,137
78,825
Less: imputed interest8,114

Total operating lease liabilities (c)
$65,023
$
(a)Presented in accordance with ASC Topic 840.
(b)As of March 31, 2020, future minimum lease payments are for the period from April 1, 2020 to June 30, 2020.
(c)As of March 31, 2020, total operating lease liabilities included $9.7 million within other liabilities, current in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.


Other Matters
The Company is not currently involved in any litigation it believes to be significant.material. The Company is periodically involved in litigation, arising in the ordinary course of business or otherwise, which from time to time may include claims relating to commercial, product liability, tort and personal injury, employment, antitrust, intellectual property, or other regulatory matters. If current or future government regulations, specifically, those with respect to antitrust or healthcare laws, are interpreted or enforced in a manner adverse to the Company or its business, the Company may be subject to enforcement actions, penalties and other material limitations which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.


(17) SEGMENTS
The Company delivers its solutions and manages its business through two2 reportable business segments, the Supply Chain Services segment and the Performance Services segment. The Supply Chain Services segment includes the Company's GPO, integrated pharmacy offerings and direct sourcing activities. The Performance Services segment provides technology and data analytics with wrap-around service offerings and includes the Company's informatics, collaborative, consulting services government services and insurance services offerings. The Company disaggregates revenue into categories that best depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.businesses.
The following table presents disaggregated revenue by business segment and underlying source (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31, Nine Months Ended March 31,
20192018 20192018Three Months Ended March 31,Nine Months Ended March 31,
As presented
Previous revenue standard (a)
 As presented
Previous revenue standard (a)
2020201920202019
Net revenue:    
Supply Chain Services    
Net administrative fees$164,534
$165,425
$161,612
 $492,229
$481,997
$471,946
$174,049
$164,534
$518,566
$492,229
Other services and support3,310
4,047
2,899
 9,442
12,309
8,470
3,396
2,484
8,439
6,520
Services167,844
169,472
164,511
 501,671
494,306
480,416
177,445
167,018
527,005
498,749
Products162,404
173,590
166,234
 471,393
506,455
480,997
61,183
41,568
167,344
129,441
Total Supply Chain Services330,248
343,062
330,745
 973,064
1,000,761
961,413
Performance Services92,627
89,640
94,593
 273,214
254,440
265,887
Total Supply Chain Services (a)
238,628
208,586
694,349
628,190
Performance Services (a)
96,195
92,627
262,490
273,214
Net revenue$422,875
$432,702
$425,338
 $1,246,278
$1,255,201
$1,227,300
$334,823
$301,213
$956,839
$901,404
(a)The Company adopted Topic 606 effective July 1, 2018, while comparative resultsIncludes intersegment revenue that is eliminated in consolidation. Intersegment revenue is not separately identified in Segments as the amounts are presented under Topic 605. Refer to Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies for more information.not material.


Additional segment information related to depreciation and amortization expense, capital expenditures and total assets was as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,Nine Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,Nine Months Ended March 31,
20192018201920182020201920202019
Depreciation and amortization expense (a):
  
Supply Chain Services$5,472
$5,500
$16,541
$16,166
$6,896
$4,616
$16,592
$13,905
Performance Services27,977
24,541
81,208
71,093
30,950
27,977
91,862
81,208
Corporate2,776
2,424
8,203
6,739
1,897
2,776
6,184
8,203
Total depreciation and amortization expense$36,225
$32,465
$105,952
$93,998
$39,743
$35,369
$114,638
$103,316
  
Capital expenditures:  
Supply Chain Services$501
$390
$1,516
$1,238
$2,485
$469
$4,571
$1,305
Performance Services20,437
24,077
59,267
57,368
20,840
20,437
57,956
59,267
Corporate1,891
2,171
9,334
6,654
1,233
1,891
6,799
9,334
Total capital expenditures$22,829
$26,638
$70,117
$65,260
$24,558
$22,797
$69,326
$69,906


 March 31, 2020June 30, 2019
Total assets (b):
  
Supply Chain Services$1,611,886
$1,111,934
Performance Services919,874
941,183
Corporate532,743
516,450
Total assets$3,064,503
$2,569,567
Eliminations (c)
(1,434)
Total assets, net$3,063,069
$2,569,567
 March 31, 2019March 31, 2019June 30, 2018
Total assets:As presented
Previous revenue standard (b)
Previous revenue standard
Supply Chain Services$1,200,293
$1,046,854
$991,837
Performance Services961,836
911,351
860,409
Corporate522,044
532,211
459,970
Total assets$2,684,173
$2,490,416
$2,312,216

(a)Includes amortization of purchased intangible assets.
(b)The Company adopted Topic 606 effective July 1, 2018, while comparative resultsTotal assets in Supply Chain Services includes $24.6 million as of June 30, 2019 for discontinued operations related to the specialty pharmacy business. There are presented under Topic 605. Refer0 assets for discontinued operations related to Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies for more information.the specialty pharmacy business as of March 31, 2020.
(c)Includes eliminations of intersegment transactions which occur during the ordinary course of business.
The Company uses Segment Adjusted EBITDA (a financial measure not determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("Non-GAAP")) as its primary measure of profit or loss to assess segment performance and to determine the allocation of resources. The Company also uses Segment Adjusted EBITDA to facilitate the comparison of the segment operating performance on a consistent basis from period to period. The Company defines Segment Adjusted EBITDA as the segment's net revenue and equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates less operating expenses directly attributable to the segment excluding depreciation and amortization, amortization of purchased intangible assets, merger and acquisition related expenses and non-recurring or non-cash items. Operating expenses directly attributable to the segment include expenses associated with sales and marketing, general and administrative and product development activities specific to the operation of each segment. Non-recurring items are income or expenses and other items that have not been earned or incurred within the prior two years and are not expected to recur within the next two years. General and administrative corporate expenses that are not specific to a particular segment are not included in the calculation of Segment Adjusted EBITDA. Segment Adjusted EBITDA also excludes any income and expense that has been classified as discontinued operations.
For more information on Segment Adjusted EBITDA and the use of Non-GAAP financial measures, see "Our Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" within Item 2 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.



A reconciliation of income before income taxes to Segment Adjusted EBITDA is as follows (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended March 31, Nine Months Ended March 31,
 201920192018 201920192018
 As presented
Previous revenue standard (a)
 As presented
Previous revenue standard (a)
Income before income taxes$84,894
$81,953
$89,837
 $284,275
$251,205
$414,494
Equity in net (income) loss of unconsolidated affiliates (b)
(553)(553)4,939
 (4,687)(4,687)(570)
Interest and investment loss, net (c)
1,081
1,081
1,236
 2,628
2,628
4,239
Loss on disposal of long-lived assets303
303
5
 303
303
1,725
Other expense (income)135
135
2,593
 (5,123)(5,123)14,486
Operating income85,860
82,919
98,610
 277,396
244,326
434,374
Depreciation and amortization21,992
21,992
18,584
 64,182
64,182
52,401
Amortization of purchased intangible assets14,233
14,233
13,881
 41,770
41,770
41,597
Stock-based compensation (d)
6,851
6,851
7,333
 20,988
20,988
25,241
Acquisition related expenses (e)
3,252
3,252
1,540
 5,015
5,015
6,312
Strategic and financial restructuring expenses

1,648
 

1,652
Remeasurement of tax receivable agreement liabilities


 

(177,174)
ERP implementation expenses (f)
225
225
40
 612
612
531
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates (b)
553
553
(4,939) 4,687
4,687
570
Impairment on investments

5,002
 

5,002
Deferred compensation plan income (expense) (g)
3,974
3,974
(112) 1,076
1,076
3,004
Other expense, net638
638
652
 2,471
2,471
1,441
Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA$137,578
$134,637
$142,239
 $418,197
$385,127
$394,951
        
Segment Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA:       
Supply Chain Services$133,667
$134,519
$135,265
 $403,149
$391,631
$392,930
Performance Services33,235
29,442
36,715
 100,910
79,358
85,865
Corporate(29,324)(29,324)(29,741) (85,862)(85,862)(83,844)
Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA$137,578
$134,637
$142,239
 $418,197
$385,127
$394,951
 Three Months Ended March 31,Nine Months Ended March 31,
 2020201920202019
Income before income taxes$77,377
$87,002
$314,062
$290,239
Equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates (a)
(4,442)(553)(11,038)(4,687)
Interest and investment loss, net9,966
1,081
9,849
2,628
Gain on FFF put and call rights (b)
13,906
4,109
(8,477)(3,458)
Other expense (income)5,005
(3,671)1,996
(1,362)
Operating income101,812
87,968
306,392
283,360
Depreciation and amortization25,777
21,797
75,690
63,529
Amortization of purchased intangible assets13,966
13,572
38,948
39,787
Stock-based compensation (c)
7,668
6,737
19,358
20,650
Acquisition and disposition related expenses7,287
3,856
16,263
6,789
Remeasurement of tax receivable agreement liabilities (d)
(902)
(24,584)
Equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates (a)
4,442
553
11,038
4,687
Deferred compensation plan (expense) income (e)
(5,476)3,975
(2,484)1,076
Other expense, net1,315
259
3,929
1,309
Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA$155,889
$138,717
$444,550
$421,187
     
Segment Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA:    
Supply Chain Services (f)
$149,212
$134,805
$447,081
$406,139
Performance Services (f)
34,634
33,235
84,977
100,910
Corporate(27,957)(29,323)(87,508)(85,862)
Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA$155,889
$138,717
$444,550
$421,187
(a)The Company adopted Topic 606 effective July 1, 2018, while comparative results are presented under Topic 605. Refer to Note 25 - Significant Accounting PoliciesInvestments for more information.
(b)
Refer to Note 46 - InvestmentsFair Value Measurements for furthermore information.
(c)Represents interest expense, net and realized gains and losses on our marketable securities.
(d)Represents non-cash employee stock-based compensation expense and stock purchase plan expense of $0.1 million during both of the three months ended March 31, 20192020 and 20182019 and $0.3 million during both of the nine months ended March 31, 20192020 and 2018.2019.
(d)The adjustments to TRA liabilities for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020 is primarily attributable to decreases in the Premier, Inc. effective tax rate related to state tax liabilities.
(e)Includes legal, accounting and other expenses related to acquisition activities and gains and losses on the change in fair value of earn-out liabilities.
(f)Represents implementation and other costs associated with the implementation of our enterprise resource planning ("ERP") system.
(g)Represents realized and unrealized gains and losses and dividend income on deferred compensation plan assets.
(f)Includes intersegment revenue which is eliminated in consolidation.
(18) SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On May 6, 2019,4, 2020, the Company, andthrough its consolidated subsidiaries, NS3subsidiary PHSI, entered into a unit purchase agreement (the "Unit Purchase Agreement"), and acquired 97% of the equity of Health Design Plus, LLC (“HDP”). Pursuant to the terms of the Unit Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to pay an aggregate amount of $24.7 million, subject to certain purchase price adjustments. The amount paid at closing was $23.2 million and was funded with borrowings under the Credit Facility.
After closing, PHSI’s subsidiary, Contigo Health, LLC, Commcare Pharmacy - FTL, LLC, and Acro Pharmaceutical Services LLC enteredwas merged into an asset purchase and sale agreementHDP, with ProCare Pharmacy, L.L.C. (“ProCare”)HDP as the surviving entity. HDP was then renamed Contigo Health, LLC.  The seller, University Hospitals Holdings, Inc., an affiliate of CVS Health Corporation, in which ProCare agreed to purchase prescription files and records and certain other assets used in the Company’s specialty pharmacy business for a cash purchase price of $22.5 million plus up to $20.0 million for pharmaceutical inventory, subject in each case to certain adjustments. In addition, the Company finalized and committed to a plan to wind down and exit from the specialty pharmacy business and communicated this information to its impacted employees on May 6, 2019. The Company expects the transaction to close during the fiscal fourth quarter ending June 30, 2019.


The Company anticipates that it will recognize a non-cash impairment charge of approximately $87 million to $92 million related to goodwill, purchased intangibles, internally developed software and other assetsretain 3% of the specialty pharmacy business. In addition, the Company estimates that it will incurequity in Contigo Health, LLC. 
HDP is a totalthird-party administrator and arranges care for employees through its Centers of approximately $11 million to $15 million of expenses related to the sale of assets and exit of the specialty pharmacy business primarily related to severance and retention benefits and financial advisor and legal fees. On an after-tax basis, the total impairment charges and exit costs incurred in connection with the transactions described above are expected to be in the range of $75 million to $82 million. These expenses are expected to be recorded in the fiscal fourth quarter ending June 30, 2019.Excellence program.


Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. This discussion is designed to provide the reader with information that will assist in understanding our condensed consolidated financial statements, the changes in certain key items in those financial statements from


quarter to quarter, and the primary factors that accounted for those changes, as well as how certain accounting principles affect our condensed consolidated financial statements. In addition, the following discussion includes certain forward-looking statements. For a discussion of important factors, including the continuing development of our business and other factors which could cause actual results to differ materially from the results referred to in the forward-looking statements, see the discussions under "Risk Factors" and "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" herein and in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 20182019 (the "2018"2019 Annual Report"), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").
Business Overview
Our Business
Premier, Inc. ("Premier", the "Company", "we", or "our") is a leading healthcare performance improvement company, uniting an alliance of more than 4,000 U.S. hospitals and health systems and approximately 165,000175,000 other providers and organizations to transform healthcare. We partner with hospitals, health systems, physicians and other healthcare providers with the common goal of improving and innovating in the clinical, financial and operational areas of their businesses to meet the demands of a rapidly evolving healthcare industry. We deliver value through a comprehensive technology-enabled platform that offers critical supply chain services, clinical, financial, operational and value-based care software as a servicepopulation health software-as-a-service ("SaaS") informatics products, consulting services and performance improvement collaborative programs.
As of March 31, 2019,2020, we were majority-ownedowned, in part, by 158155 U.S. hospitals, health systems and other healthcare organizations, which represented approximately 1,4001,450 owned, leased and managed acute care facilities and other non-acute care organizations, through their ownership of Class B common stock. As of March 31, 2019,2020, the outstanding Class A common stock and Class B common stock represented approximately 49%58% and 51%42%, respectively, of our combined outstanding Class A and Class B common stock and accordingly, the Class B common stock held by member owners no longer represents the majority of our outstanding common stock. AllOn July 31, 2019, as a result of the Class B common unit exchange process, we no longer qualified for the "controlled company" exemption under NASDAQ rules, and we must comply with all general NASDAQ rules regarding board and committee composition by July 31, 2020. We expect to comply with all NASDAQ rules in a timely manner, including having a majority of independent directors on the Board of Directors by July 31, 2020.
As of March 31, 2020, all of our Class B common stock was held beneficially by our member owners and all of our Class A common stock was held by public investors, which may include member owners that have received shares of our Class A common stock in connection with previous quarterly exchanges pursuant to an exchange agreement (the "Exchange Agreement") entered into by the member owners in connection with the completion of our initial public offering on October 1, 2013 (see Note 1 - Organization and Basis of Presentation to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for more information).
We generated net revenue, net income from continuing operations and Adjusted EBITDA (a financial measure not determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("Non-GAAP")) for the periods presented as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31, Nine Months Ended March 31,
20192018 20192018Three Months Ended March 31,Nine Months Ended March 31,
New Revenue Standard (a)
Previous Revenue Standard 
New Revenue Standard (a)
Previous Revenue Standard2020201920202019
Net revenue$422,875
$432,702
$425,338
 $1,246,278
$1,255,201
$1,227,300
$334,823
$301,213
$956,839
$901,404
Net income$73,802
$69,622
$76,549
 $260,586
$230,194
$156,934
Net income from continuing operations$73,212
$75,265
$235,726
$264,448
Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA$137,578
$134,637
$142,239
 $418,197
$385,127
$394,951
$155,889
$138,717
$444,550
$421,187
(a)We adopted Topic 606 effective July 1, 2018, while comparative results are presented under Topic 605. Refer to Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates below for more information.
See "Our Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and "Results of Operations" below for a discussion of our use of Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation of net income from continuing operations to Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA.
Our Business Segments
Our business model and solutions are designed to provide our members access to scale efficiencies while focusing on optimization of information resources and cost containment, provide actionable intelligence derived from anonymized data in our data warehouse provided by our members, mitigate the risk of innovation and disseminate best practices that will help our member organizations succeed in their transformation to higher quality and more cost-effective healthcare. We deliver our integrated platform of solutions


that address the areas of total cost management, quality and safety improvement and value-based carepopulation health management through two business segments: Supply Chain Services and Performance Services.


Segment net revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was as follows (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended      
 March 31, Change % of Net Revenue
Net revenue:20202019 20202019 20202019
Supply Chain Services$238,628
$208,586
 $30,042
14% 71%69%
Performance Services96,195
92,627
 3,568
4% 29%31%
Net revenue$334,823
$301,213
 $33,610
11% 100%100%
Segment net revenue for the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was as follows (in thousands):
 Nine Months Ended      
 March 31, Change % of Net Revenue
Net revenue:20202019 20202019 20202019
Supply Chain Services$694,349
$628,190
 $66,159
11 % 73%70%
Performance Services262,490
273,214
 (10,724)(4)% 27%30%
Net revenue$956,839
$901,404
 $55,435
6 % 100%100%
Our Supply Chain Services segment includes one of the largest healthcare group purchasing organization programs ("GPO") in the United States, serving acute, non-acute, (ornon-healthcare and alternate site) providerssites, and other non-healthcare organizations, and includes integrated pharmacy andour direct sourcing activities. Supply Chain Services net revenue declined from $330.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 to $330.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, and accounted for 78% of our overall net revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Supply Chain Services net revenue grew from $961.4 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 to $973.1 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2019, and accounted for 78% of our overall net revenue for the nine months ended March 31, 2019.WeWe generate revenue in our Supply Chain Services segment from administrative fees received from suppliers based on the total dollar volume of supplies purchased by our members and through product sales in connection with our integrated pharmacy and direct sourcing activities.
TheOur Performance Services segment through its development, integration and delivery of technology and data analytics with wrap-around service offerings, includes one of the largest informatics and consulting services businesses in the United States focused on healthcare providers. More specifically, ourOur software as a service ("SaaS") informatics products and technology licenses utilize our comprehensive data set to provide actionable intelligence to our members, enabling them to benchmark, analyze and identify areas of improvement across the three main categories ofcategories: cost management, quality and safety, and value-based care. While leveraging these tools, we also combine our consulting services and performance improvement collaboratives to provide a more comprehensive and holistic customer value proposition and overall experience.population health management. The Performance Services segment also includes our governmenttechnology-enabled performance improvement collaboratives, consulting services and insurance management services.
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Acquisition of Acurity and Nexera Assets
On February 28, 2020, we, through two newly formed consolidated subsidiaries, Prince A Purchaser, LLC ("PAP") and Prince N Purchaser, LLC ("PNP"), acquired substantially all of the assets and certain liabilities of Acurity, Inc. and Nexera, Inc., for an aggregate amount of $291.5 million, of which $166.1 million was paid at closing with borrowings under our Credit Facility (as defined in Note 9 - Debt) (the "Acurity and Nexera asset acquisition"). An additional $120.0 million will be paid in four equal annual installments of $30.0 million on or about June 30, 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2024. An additional $5.4 million is expected to be paid during our second fiscal quarter of 2021. In addition to the aggregate amount of $291.5 million, the Purchase Agreement provides a graduated earn-out opportunity to Acurity, Inc. of up to $30.0 million based upon our achievement of a range of member renewals on terms to be agreed to by us and GNYHA based on prevailing market conditions in December 2023.
After closing of the transaction, PAP and PNP changed their names to Acurity, LLC ("Acurity") and Nexera, LLC ("Nexera"), respectively. Acurity is a regional group purchasing organization and has been a customer and strategic partner of ours for more than 24 years. Nexera is a hospital financial improvement consulting firm which partners with healthcare organizations to improve hospital and health system performance, with a significant focus on supply chain enhancement and transformation. We report the operations of Acurity and Nexera as part of the Supply Chain Services segment. See Note 3 - Business Acquisitions for further information.


Acquisition of Medpricer
On October 28, 2019, we acquired all of the outstanding capital stock in Medpricer.com, Inc. ("Medpricer") for an adjusted purchase price of $38.5 million with borrowings under the Credit Facility. Medpricer is a SaaS-based provider of technology solutions that enable hospitals and other organizations to analyze, benchmark and source purchased services contracts independent of any existing GPO affiliation. Medpricer is reported as part of the Supply Chain Services segment. See Note 3 - Business Acquisitions to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.
Acquisition of Stanson
On November 9, 2018, we acquired all of the outstanding capital stock in Stanson Health, Inc. ("Stanson") for an adjusted purchase price of $55.4 million. Stanson is a SaaS-based provider of clinical decision support tools that are integrated directly into the electronic health record workflow, to help provide real-time, patient-specific best practices at the point of care. Stanson is reported as part of the Performance Services net revenue declined from $94.6segment. See Note 3 - Business Acquisitions to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.
Divestiture of Specialty Pharmacy Business - Discontinued Operations
On June 7, 2019, we completed the sale of prescription files and records and certain other assets used in our specialty pharmacy business for $22.3 million. On June 10, 2019, we received $7.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 to $92.6sale of a portion of our pharmaceutical inventory and on July 24, 2019, an additional $3.6 million forprimarily in connection with the three months ended Marchsale of our remaining pharmaceutical inventory. As of December 31, 2019, we had substantially completed the wind down and accountedexit from the specialty pharmacy business.
We met the criteria for 22%classifying certain assets and liabilities of our overall net revenuethe specialty pharmacy business as a discontinued operation as of June 30, 2019. Accordingly, unless otherwise indicated, information in this Quarterly Report has been retrospectively adjusted to reflect continuing operations for all periods presented. See Note 4 - Discontinued Operations and Exit Activities to the three months ended March 31, 2019. Performance Services net revenue grew from $265.9 millionaccompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 to $273.2 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2019, and accounted for 22% of our overall net revenue for the nine months ended March 31, 2019.further information.
Market and Industry Trends and Outlook
We expect that certain trends and economic or industry-wide factors will continue to affect our business, both in the short-term and long-term. We have based our expectations described below on assumptions made by us and on information currently available to us. To the extent our underlying assumptions about, or interpretation of, available information prove to be incorrect, our actual results may vary materially from our expected results. See "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" and "Risk Factors" in the 2019 Annual Report.
Trends in the U.S. healthcare market affect our revenues and costs in the Supply Chain Services and Performance Services segments. The trends we see affecting our current healthcare business include the impact of the implementation of current or future healthcare legislation, particularly the uncertainty regarding the status of the Affordable Care Act, its repeal, replacement, or other modification, the enactment of new regulatory and reporting requirements, expansion and contraction of insurance coverage and associated costs that may impact the number of uninsured or level of bad debt for providers,subscriber elections, intense cost pressure, payment reform, provider and supplier consolidation, vertical integration between payors, providers, and other organizations, shift in care to the alternate site market and increased data availability and transparency. To meet the demands of this environment, there will be increased focus on scale and cost containment. Moreover,containment and healthcare providers will need to measure and report on and bear financial risk for outcomes. WeOver the long-term, we believe these trends will result in increased demand for our comprehensive and integrated Supply Chain Services and Performance Services solutions in the areas of cost management, quality and safety, and value-based care. Therepopulation health management, however, there are however, uncertainties and risks that may affect the actual impact of these anticipated trends, expected demand for our services or related assumptions on our business. See "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" for more information.
In addition to the trends in the U.S. healthcare market discussed above, we face known and unknown uncertainties arising from the outbreak of the novel coronavirus ("COVID-19") and the resulting global pandemic and financial and operational uncertainty, including its impact on the overall economy, our sales, operations and supply chains, our members, workforce and suppliers, and countries.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Refer to Note 1 - Organization and Basis of Presentation and Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for more information related to our use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements as well as information related to material changes in our significant accounting policies that were included in our 20182019 Annual Report.


New Accounting Standards
For the ensuing discussion, it is important to note that we adopted Topic 606 ("New Revenue Standard") effective for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2018. The prior year information has not been adjusted and continues to be reported under Topic 605 ("Previous Revenue Standard"). However, for informational purposes, we have also included current period results under the Previous Revenue Standard. Refer to Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies for further information on the impact of the New Revenue Standard on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which is incorporated herein by reference, as well as for


additional information on other new accounting standards that we have recently adopted as well as those that have been recently issued but not yet adopted.adopted by us are included in Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Key Components of Our Results of Operations
Net Revenue
Net revenue consists of service revenue, which includes net administrative fees revenue and other services and support revenue, and product revenue. Net administrative fees revenue consists of GPO net administrative fees in our Supply Chain Services segment. Other services and support revenue consists primarily of fees generated by our Performance Services segment in connection with our SaaS informatics products subscriptions, license fees, and consulting services and performance improvement collaborative subscriptions. Product revenue consists of integrated pharmacy and direct sourcing product sales, which are included in the Supply Chain Services segment.
Supply Chain Services
Supply Chain Services revenue consists of GPO net administrative fees (gross administrative fees received from suppliers, reduced by the amount of any revenue share paid to members), specialty pharmacy revenue, and direct sourcing revenue and managed service revenue.
The success of our Supply Chain Services revenue streams are influenced by our ability to negotiate favorable contracts with suppliers and members, the number of members that utilize our GPO supplier contracts and the volume of their purchases, the number of members that utilize our integrated pharmacy, as well as the impact of changes in the defined allowable reimbursement amounts determined by Medicare, Medicaid and other managed care plans and the number of members that purchase products through our direct sourcing activities and the impact of competitive pricing. Our managed services line of business is a fee for service model created to perform supply chain related services for members, including pharmacy benefit management ("PBM") services in partnership with a national PBM company.
Performance Services
Performance Services revenue consists of SaaS informatics products subscriptions, license fees, performance improvement collaborative and other service subscriptions, professional fees for consulting services, insurance services management fees and commissions from endorsed commercial insurance programs.
Our Performance Services growth will depend upon the expansion of our SaaS informatics products, performance improvement collaboratives and consulting services to new and existing members, renewal of existing subscriptions to our SaaS and licensed informatics products, along withand our ability to generate additional applied sciences engagements and expand into new markets.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue consists of cost of service revenue and cost of product revenue.
Cost of service revenue includes expenses related to employees (including compensation and benefits) and outside consultants who directly provide services related to revenue-generating activities, including consulting services to members and implementation services related to SaaS informatics along with associated amortization of certain capitalized contract costs. Amortization of contract costs represent amounts that have been capitalized and reflect the incremental costs of obtaining and fulfilling a contract. Amortization of contract costs included within cost of service revenue include costs related to implementing SaaS informatics tools. Cost of service revenue also includes expenses related to hosting services, related data center capacity costs, third-party product license expenses and amortization of the cost of internal use software.internally-developed software applications.
Cost of product revenue consists of purchase and shipment costs for specialty pharmaceuticals and direct sourced medical products. Our cost of product revenue is influenced by the cost and availability of specialty pharmaceuticals and the manufacturing and transportation costs associated with direct sourced medical products.
Operating Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses are directly associated with selling and administrative functions and support of revenue-generating activities including expenses to support and maintain our software-related products and services. Selling, general and administrative expenses primarily consist of compensation and benefits related costs, travel-related expenses, business development expenses, including costs for business acquisition opportunities, business disposition related expenses, indirect costs such as insurance, professional fees and other general overhead expenses, and adjustments to TRA liabilities.amortization of certain contract costs. Amortization of contract costs represent amounts that have been capitalized and reflect the incremental costs of obtaining and fulfilling a contract. Such amounts include sales commissions andAmortization of contract costs related to implementing SaaS informatics tools, which are components ofincluded within selling, general and administrative expenses and cost of revenue, respectively.include sales commissions.



Research and development expenses consist of employee-related compensation and benefit expenses and third-party consulting fees of technology professionals, net of capitalized labor, incurred to develop our software-related products and services.
Amortization of purchased intangible assets includes the amortization of all identified intangible assets resulting from acquisitions.assets.
Other (Expense) Income, Net
Other (expense) income, net, includes equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates that is generated from our equity method investments. Our equity method investments primarily consist of our 49% ownership in FFF Enterprises, Inc. ("FFF"). Other income, net, also includes interest income and expense, gains and losses on the change in fair value of our FFF put and call rights (see Note 56 - Fair Value Measurements)Measurements to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements), interest income and expense, realized and unrealized gains or losses on deferred compensation plan assets, and gains or losses on the disposal of assets.assets, and any impairment on our held-to-maturity investments.
Income Tax Expense
Our income tax expense is attributable to the activities of Premier, Inc., Premier Healthcare Solutions, Inc. ("PHSI") and ,Premier Supply Chain Improvement, Inc. ("PSCI") and Premier Marketplace, LLC ("PMLLC"), all of which are subchapter C corporations and are subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes. In contrast, under the provisions of federal and state laws, Premier LP is not subject to federal and state income taxes as the income realized by Premier Healthcare Alliance, L.P. ("Premier LP")LP is taxable to its partners. Our overall effective tax rate differs from the U.S. statutory tax rate primarily due to the aforementioned ownership structure as well as other items noted in Note 14 - Income Taxes.Taxes to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.
Given our ownership and capital structure, various effective tax rates are calculated for specific tax items. For example, the deferred tax benefit related to stock-based compensation expense (see Note 13 - Stock-Based Compensation)Compensation to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements) is calculated based on the effective tax rate of PHSI, the legal entity where the majority of stock-based compensation expense is recorded. Our effective tax rate, as discussed in Note 14 - Income Taxes to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, represents the effective tax rate computed in accordance with GAAP based on total income tax expense (reflected in income tax expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income) of Premier, Inc., PHSI and PSCI, divided by consolidated pre-tax income.
Non-GAAP Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income is calculated net of taxes based on our fully distributed tax rate for federal and state income tax for us as a whole as if we were one taxable entity with all of our subsidiaries' activities included. Prior to the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("TCJA"), theThe rate used to compute the Non-GAAP Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income was 39%. Effective as26% for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations, Net of January 1, 2018, we adjusted our fully distributedTax
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax raterepresents the net income or loss associated with the sale of certain assets and wind down and exit of the specialty pharmacy business. See Note 4 - Discontinued Operations and Exit Activities to 26% to determine our Non-GAAP Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income.the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.
Net Income Attributable to Non-Controlling Interest
As of March 31, 2019,2020, we owned an approximate 49%a 58% controlling general partner interest in Premier LP through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Premier Services, LLC ("Premier GP"). Net income attributable to non-controlling interest represents the portion of net income attributable to the limited partners of Premier LP, which was approximately42% and 51% and 60% as of March 31, 20192020 and June 30, 2018,2019, respectively (see Note 10 - Redeemable Limited Partners' Capital)Capital to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements).
Our Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The other key business metrics we consider are EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Segment Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income, Adjusted Fully Distributed Earnings per Share and Free Cash Flow, which are all Non-GAAP financial measures.
We define EBITDA as net income before income or loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, interest and investment income, net, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization and amortization of purchased intangible assets. We define Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA before merger and acquisition related expenses and non-recurring, non-cash or non-operating items and including equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates. For all Non-GAAP financial measures, we consider non-recurring items to be income or expenses and other items that have not been earned or incurred within the prior two years and are not expected


to recur within the next two years. Such items include certain strategic and financial restructuring expenses. Non-operating items include gains or losses on the disposal of assets and interest and investment income or expense.
We define Segment Adjusted EBITDA as the segment's net revenue less cost of revenue and operating expenses directly attributable to the segment excluding depreciation and amortization, amortization of purchased intangible assets, merger and acquisition related expenses and non-recurring or non-cash items and including equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates. Operating expenses directly attributable to the segment include expenses associated with sales and marketing, general and administrative, and product development activities specific to the operation of each segment. General and administrative corporate expenses that are not specific to a particular segment are not included in the calculation of Segment Adjusted EBITDA.


Segment Adjusted EBITDA also excludes any income and expense that has been classified as discontinued operations.
We define Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income as net income attributable to Premier (i) excluding income or loss from discontinued operations, net, (ii) excluding income tax expense, (ii)(iii) excluding the impact of adjustment of redeemable limited partners' capital to redemption amount, (iii)(iv) excluding the effect of non-recurring and non-cash items, (iv)(v) assuming the exchange of all the Class B common units for shares of Class A common stock, which results in the elimination of non-controlling interest in Premier LP and (v)(vi) reflecting an adjustment for income tax expense on Non-GAAP fully distributed net income before income taxes at our estimated effective income tax rate. We define Adjusted Fully Distributed Earnings per Share as Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income divided by diluted weighted average shares (see Note 12 - Earnings (Loss) Per Share).
We define Free Cash Flow as net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations less distributions and TRA payments to limited partners and purchases of property and equipment. Free Cash Flow does not represent discretionary cash available for spending as it excludes certain contractual obligations such as debt repayments.
Adjusted EBITDA and Free Cash Flow are supplemental financial measures used by us and by external users of our financial statements and are considered to be indicators of the operational strength and performance of our business. Adjusted EBITDA and Free Cash Flow measures allow us to assess our performance without regard to financing methods and capital structure and without the impact of other matters that we do not consider indicative of the operating performance of our business. More specifically, Segment Adjusted EBITDA is the primary earnings measure we use to evaluate the performance of our business segments.
We use Adjusted EBITDA, Segment Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income and Adjusted Fully Distributed Earnings per Share to facilitate a comparison of our operating performance on a consistent basis from period to period that, when viewed in combination with our results prepared in accordance with GAAP, provides a more complete understanding of factors and trends affecting our business. We believe Adjusted EBITDA and Segment Adjusted EBITDA assist our Board of Directors, management and investors in comparing our operating performance on a consistent basis from period to period because they remove the impact of earnings elements attributable to our asset base (primarily depreciation and amortization) and, certain items outside the control of our management team, e.g. taxes, as well as other non-cash items (such as impairment of intangible assets, purchase accounting adjustments and stock-based compensation), and non-recurring items (such as strategic and financial restructuring expenses) and income and expense that has been classified as discontinued operations from our operating results. We believe Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income and Adjusted Fully Distributed Earnings per Share assist our Board of Directors, management and investors in comparing our net income and earnings per share on a consistent basis from period to period because these measures remove non-cash (such as impairment of intangible assets, purchase accounting adjustments and stock-based compensation) and non-recurring items (such as strategic and financial restructuring expenses), and eliminate the variability of non-controlling interest that results from member owner exchanges of Class B common units for shares of Class A common stock. We believe Free Cash Flow is an important measure because it represents the cash that we generate after payment of tax distributions to limited partners and capital investment to maintain existing products and services and ongoing business operations, as well as development of new and upgraded products and services to support future growth. Our Free Cash Flow allows us to enhance stockholder value through acquisitions, partnerships, joint ventures, investments in related businesses and debt reduction.
Despite the importance of these Non-GAAP financial measures in analyzing our business, determining compliance with certain financial covenants in our Credit Facility, measuring and determining incentive compensation and evaluating our operating performance relative to our competitors, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Segment Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income, Adjusted Fully Distributed Earnings per Share and Free Cash Flow are not measurements of financial performance under GAAP, may have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation from, or as an alternative to, net income, net cash provided by operating activities, or any other measure of our performance derived in accordance with GAAP.
Some of the limitations of the EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Segment Adjusted EBITDA measures include that they do not reflect: our capital expenditures or our future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments; changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs; the interest expense or the cash requirements to service interest or principal payments under our Credit Facility; income tax payments we are required to make; and any cash requirements for replacements of assets being depreciated or amortized. In addition, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Segment Adjusted EBITDA and Free Cash Flow are not measures of liquidity under GAAP, or otherwise, and are not alternatives to cash flows from operating activities.


Some of the limitations of the Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income and Adjusted Fully Distributed Earnings per Share measures are that they do not reflect income tax expense or income tax payments we are required to make. In addition, Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income and Adjusted Fully Distributed Earnings per Share are not measures of profitability under GAAP.
We also urge you to review the reconciliation of these Non-GAAP financial measures included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. To properly and prudently evaluate our business, we encourage you to review the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and to not rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business. In addition, because the EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Segment Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income, Adjusted Fully Distributed Earnings per Share and Free Cash Flow measures are susceptible to varying calculations, such


Non-GAAP financial measures may differ from, and may therefore not be comparable to, similarly titled measures used by other companies.
Non-recurring and non-cash items excluded in our calculation of Adjusted EBITDA, Segment Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income consist of stock-based compensation, acquisition and disposition related expenses, remeasurement of TRA liabilities, enterprise resource planning ("ERP") implementation expenses, acquisition related adjustment - revenue, remeasurement gain attributable to acquisition of Innovatix, LLC, loss on disposal of long-lived assets, loss (gain) on FFF put and call rights, impairment on investmentsincome and expense that has been classified as discontinued operations and other expense. More information about certain of the more significant items follows below.
Stock-based compensation
In addition to non-cash employee stock-based compensation expense, this item includes non-cash stock purchase plan expense of $0.1 million for both of the three months ended March 31, 20192020 and 20182019 and $0.3 million for both of the nine months ended March 31, 20192020 and 20182019 (see Note 13 - Stock-Based Compensation)Compensation to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements).
Acquisition and disposition related expenses
Acquisition related expenses include legal, accounting and other expenses related to acquisition activities and gains and losses on the change in fair value of earn-out liabilities. Disposition related expenses include severance and retention benefits and financial advisor fees and legal fees related to disposition activities.
Remeasurement of TRA liabilities
We record TRA liabilities based on 85% of the estimated amount of tax savings we expect to receive, generally over a 15-year period, which are attributable to the initial purchase of Class B common units from the member owners made concurrently with the IPO and subsequent exchanges by member owners of Class B common units into Class A common stock or cash. Tax payments made under the TRA will be made to the member owners as we realize tax benefits. Determining the estimated amount of tax savings we expect to receive requires judgment as deductibility of goodwill amortization expense is not assured and the estimate of tax savings is dependent upon the actual realization of the tax benefit and the tax rates in effect at that time.
Changes in estimated TRA liabilities that are the result of a change in tax accounting method are recorded as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Changes in estimated TRA liabilities that are related to new basis changes as a result of the exchange of Class B common units for a like number of shares of Class A common stock or as a result of departed member owners are recorded as an increase to additional paid-in capital in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit).
The adjustments to TRA liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and the nine months ended March 31, 2020 are primarily attributable to increases in the Premier, Inc. effective tax rate related to state tax liabilities (see Note 14 - Income Taxes to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements).
Gain or loss on FFF put and call rights
See Note 56 - Fair Value Measurements.Measurements to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.


Results of Operations
We adopted the New Revenue Standard effective for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2018. The prior year information has not been adjusted and continues to be reported under the Previous Revenue Standard. As result, our resultsResults of operations under the New Revenue Standard are not indicative of what our results offor all periods presented have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect continuing operations were under the Previous Revenue Standard. However, for informational purposes, we have also included current period results under the Previous Revenue Standard. Refer to Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies for further information on the impact of the New Revenue Standard on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018unless otherwise indicated.
The following table summarizespresents our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018periods presented (in thousands, except per share data):
Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 2019 2018Three Months Ended March 31, Nine Months Ended March 31,
As presented Previous revenue standard Previous revenue standard20202019 20202019
Amount% of Net Revenue Amount% of Net Revenue Amount% of Net RevenueAmount% of Net RevenueAmount% of Net Revenue Amount% of Net RevenueAmount% of Net Revenue
Net revenue:               
Net administrative fees$164,534
39% $165,425
38% $161,612
38%$174,049
52%$164,534
55% $518,566
54%$492,229
54%
Other services and support95,937
23% 93,687
22% 97,492
23%99,591
30%95,111
32% 270,929
28%279,734
31%
Services260,471
62% 259,112
60% 259,104
61%273,640
82%259,645
86% 789,495
83%771,963
86%
Products162,404
38% 173,590
40% 166,234
39%61,183
18%41,568
14% 167,344
17%129,441
14%
Net revenue422,875
100% 432,702
100% 425,338
100%334,823
100%301,213
100% 956,839
100%901,404
100%
Cost of revenue:     
   
     
Services46,545
11% 47,841
11% 47,037
12%49,007
15%46,545
16% 143,965
15%133,107
14%
Products157,438
37% 167,878
39% 156,511
37%54,121
16%39,496
13% 150,415
16%124,024
14%
Cost of revenue203,983
48% 215,719
50% 203,548
49%103,128
31%86,041
30% 294,380
31%257,131
28%
Gross profit218,892
52% 216,983
50% 221,790
51%231,695
69%215,172
70% 662,459
69%644,273
72%
Operating expenses: 
 
     
Selling, general and administrative115,289
34%113,336
38% 315,311
33%320,198
36%
Research and development628
—%296
—% 1,808
—%928
—%
Amortization of purchased intangible assets13,966
4%13,572
5% 38,948
4%39,787
4%
Operating expenses129,883
39%127,204
42% 356,067
37%360,913
40%
Operating income101,812
30%87,968
29% 306,392
32%283,360
31%
Other income, net(24,435)(7)%(966)—% 7,670
1%6,879
1%
Income before income taxes77,377
23%87,002
29% 314,062
33%290,239
32%
Income tax expense4,165
1%11,737
4% 78,336
8%25,791
3%
Net income from continuing operations73,212
22%75,265
25% 235,726
25%264,448
29%
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax5
—%(1,463)—% 1,009
—%(3,862)(1)%
Net income73,217
22%73,802
25% 236,735
25%260,586
29%
Net income from continuing operations attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP(35,055)(10)%(44,135)(15)% (132,189)(14)%(163,230)(18)%
Net (income) loss from discontinued operations attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP(3)—%747
—% (480)—%2,098
—%
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP(35,058)(10)%(43,388)(14)% (132,669)(14)%(161,132)(18)%
Adjustment of redeemable limited partners' capital to redemption amount302,569
nm235,394
nm 516,725
nm178,910
nm
Net income attributable to stockholders$340,728
nm$265,808
nm $620,791
nm$278,364
nm
        
Weighted average shares outstanding:        
Basic69,451
 62,020
 65,582
 58,346
 
Diluted122,470
 129,072
 124,030
 132,249
 
        
Earnings per share attributable to stockholders:Earnings per share attributable to stockholders:       
Basic earnings per share        



 Three Months Ended March 31,
 2019 2019 2018
 As presented Previous revenue standard Previous revenue standard
 Amount% of Net Revenue Amount% of Net Revenue Amount% of Net Revenue
Operating expenses: 
     
Selling, general and administrative118,503
28% 119,535
28% 109,007
26%
Research and development296
—% 296
—% 292
—%
Amortization of purchased intangible assets14,233
3% 14,233
3% 13,881
3%
Operating expenses133,032
31% 134,064
31% 123,180
29%
Operating income85,860
20% 82,919
19% 98,610
23%
Other expense, net(966)1% (966)—% (8,773)(2)%
Income before income taxes84,894
20% 81,953
19% 89,837
21%
Income tax expense11,092
3% 12,331
3% 13,288
3%
Net income73,802
17% 69,622
16% 76,549
18%
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP(43,388)(10)% (40,660)(9)% (53,047)(12)%
Adjustment of redeemable limited partners' capital to redemption amount235,394
nm 233,713
nm (127,039)nm
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders$265,808
nm $262,675
nm $(103,537)nm
         
Weighted average shares outstanding:        
Basic62,020
  62,020
  53,529
 
Diluted129,072
  129,072
  53,529
 
         
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to stockholders:        
Basic$4.29
  $4.24
  $(1.93) 
Diluted$0.48
  $0.44
  $(1.93) 
 Three Months Ended March 31, Nine Months Ended March 31,
 20202019 20202019
 Amount% of Net RevenueAmount% of Net Revenue Amount% of Net RevenueAmount% of Net Revenue
Continuing operations$4.91
 $4.30
  $9.46
 $4.80
 
Discontinued operations
 (0.01)  0.01
 (0.03) 
Basic earnings per share attributable to stockholders$4.91
 $4.29
  $9.47
 $4.77
 
          
Diluted earnings per share         
Continuing operations$0.54
 $0.49
  $1.66
 $1.71
 
Discontinued operations
 (0.01)  
 (0.03) 
Diluted earnings per share attributable to stockholders$0.54
 $0.48
  $1.66
 $1.68
 
nm = Not meaningful
The following table provides certain Non-GAAP financial measures for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018periods presented (in thousands, except per share data). Refer to "Our Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for further information regarding items excluded in our calculation of Adjusted EBITDA and Segment Adjusted EBITDA.
Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 2019 2018
As presented Previous revenue standard Previous revenue standardThree Months Ended March 31, Nine Months Ended March 31,
Amount% of Net Revenue Amount% of Net Revenue Amount% of Net Revenue20202019 20202019
Certain Non-GAAP Financial Data:      Amount% of Net RevenueAmount% of Net Revenue Amount% of Net RevenueAmount% of Net Revenue
Adjusted EBITDA$137,578
33% $134,637
31% $142,239
33%$155,889
47%$138,717
46% $444,550
46%$421,187
47%
Non-GAAP Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income$84,734
20% $82,557
19% $90,590
21%$88,908
27%$85,722
28% $265,668
28%$262,722
29%
Non-GAAP Adjusted Fully Distributed Earnings Per Share$0.66
 $0.64
 $0.67
 $0.73
nm$0.66
nm $2.14
nm$1.99
nm
The following table providestables provide the reconciliation of net income from continuing operations to Adjusted EBITDA and the reconciliation of income before income taxes to Segment Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands). Refer to "Our Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for further information regarding items excluded in our calculation of Adjusted EBITDA and Segment Adjusted EBITDA.
 Three Months Ended March 31,Nine Months Ended March 31,
 2020201920202019
Net income from continuing operations$73,212
$75,265
$235,726
$264,448
Interest and investment loss, net9,966
1,081
9,849
2,628
Income tax expense4,165
11,737
78,336
25,791
Depreciation and amortization25,777
21,797
75,690
63,529
Amortization of purchased intangible assets13,966
13,572
38,948
39,787
EBITDA127,086
123,452
438,549
396,183
Stock-based compensation7,668
6,737
19,358
20,650
Acquisition and disposition related expenses7,287
3,856
16,263
6,789
Remeasurement of tax receivable agreement liabilities(902)
(24,584)
Loss (gain) on FFF put and call rights13,906
4,109
(8,477)(3,458)
Other expense844
563
3,441
1,023
Adjusted EBITDA$155,889
$138,717
$444,550
$421,187
     
Income before income taxes$77,377
$87,002
$314,062
$290,239
Equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates(4,442)(553)(11,038)(4,687)
Interest and investment loss, net9,966
1,081
9,849
2,628
Loss (gain) on FFF put and call rights13,906
4,109
(8,477)(3,458)



 Three Months Ended March 31,
 201920192018
 As presentedPrevious revenue standardPrevious revenue standard
Net income$73,802
$69,622
$76,549
Interest and investment loss, net1,081
1,081
1,236
Income tax expense11,092
12,331
13,288
Depreciation and amortization21,992
21,992
18,584
Amortization of purchased intangible assets14,233
14,233
13,881
EBITDA122,200
119,259
123,538
Stock-based compensation6,851
6,851
7,333
Acquisition related expenses3,252
3,252
1,540
Strategic and financial restructuring expenses

1,648
ERP implementation expenses225
225
40
Loss on disposal of long-lived assets303
303
5
Loss on FFF put and call rights4,109
4,109
3,067
Impairment on investments

5,002
Other expense638
638
66
Adjusted EBITDA$137,578
$134,637
$142,239
    
Income before income taxes$84,894
$81,953
$89,837
Equity in net (income) loss of unconsolidated affiliates(553)(553)4,939
Interest and investment loss, net1,081
1,081
1,236
Loss on disposal of long-lived assets303
303
5
Other expense135
135
2,593
Operating income85,860
82,919
98,610
Depreciation and amortization21,992
21,992
18,584
Amortization of purchased intangible assets14,233
14,233
13,881
Stock-based compensation6,851
6,851
7,333
Acquisition related expenses3,252
3,252
1,540
Strategic and financial restructuring expenses

1,648
ERP implementation expenses225
225
40
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates553
553
(4,939)
Impairment on investments

5,002
Deferred compensation plan income (expense)3,974
3,974
(112)
Other expense, net638
638
652
Adjusted EBITDA$137,578
$134,637
$142,239
    
Segment Adjusted EBITDA:   
Supply Chain Services$133,667
$134,519
$135,265
Performance Services33,235
29,442
36,715
Corporate(29,324)(29,324)(29,741)
Adjusted EBITDA$137,578
$134,637
$142,239
 Three Months Ended March 31,Nine Months Ended March 31,
 2020201920202019
Other expense (income)5,005
(3,671)1,996
(1,362)
Operating income101,812
87,968
306,392
283,360
Depreciation and amortization25,777
21,797
75,690
63,529
Amortization of purchased intangible assets13,966
13,572
38,948
39,787
Stock-based compensation7,668
6,737
19,358
20,650
Acquisition and disposition related expenses7,287
3,856
16,263
6,789
Remeasurement of tax receivable agreement liabilities(902)
(24,584)
Equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates4,442
553
11,038
4,687
Deferred compensation plan (expense) income(5,476)3,975
(2,484)1,076
Other expense, net1,315
259
3,929
1,309
Adjusted EBITDA$155,889
$138,717
$444,550
$421,187


 Three Months Ended March 31,Nine Months Ended March 31,
 2020201920202019
Segment Adjusted EBITDA:    
Supply Chain Services$149,212
$134,805
$447,081
$406,139
Performance Services34,634
33,235
84,977
100,910
Corporate(27,957)(29,323)(87,508)(85,862)
Adjusted EBITDA$155,889
$138,717
$444,550
$421,187
The following table provides the reconciliation of net income (loss) attributable to stockholders to Non-GAAP Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income and the reconciliation of the numerator and denominator for earnings per share attributable to stockholders to Non-GAAP Adjusted Fully Distributed Earnings per Share for the periods presented (in thousands). Refer to "Our Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for further information regarding items excluded in our calculation of Non-GAAP Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income and Non-GAAP Adjusted Fully Distributed Earnings per Share.


Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,Nine Months Ended March 31,
201920182020201920202019
As presentedPrevious revenue standard
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders$265,808
$262,675
$(103,537)
Net income attributable to stockholders$340,728
$265,808
$620,791
$278,364
Adjustment of redeemable limited partners' capital to redemption amount(235,394)(233,713)127,039
(302,569)(235,394)(516,725)(178,910)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP43,388
40,660
53,047
35,058
43,388
132,669
161,132
(Income) loss from discontinued operations, net of tax(5)1,463
(1,009)3,862
Income tax expense11,092
12,331
13,288
4,165
11,737
78,336
25,791
Amortization of purchased intangible assets14,233
14,233
13,881
13,966
13,572
38,948
39,787
Stock-based compensation6,851
6,851
7,333
7,668
6,737
19,358
20,650
Acquisition related expenses3,252
3,252
1,540
Strategic and financial restructuring expenses

1,648
ERP implementation expenses225
225
40
Loss on disposal of long-lived assets303
303
5
Loss on FFF put and call rights4,109
4,109
3,067
Impairment on investments

5,002
Acquisition and disposition related expenses7,287
3,856
16,263
6,789
Remeasurement of tax receivable agreement liabilities(902)
(24,584)
Loss (gain) on FFF put and call rights13,906
4,109
(8,477)(3,458)
Other expense638
638
66
844
563
3,441
1,023
Non-GAAP adjusted fully distributed income before income taxes114,505
111,564
122,419
120,146
115,839
359,011
355,030
Income tax expense on fully distributed income before income taxes (a)
29,771
29,007
31,829
31,238
30,117
93,343
92,308
Non-GAAP Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income$84,734
$82,557
$90,590
$88,908
$85,722
$265,668
$262,722
  
Reconciliation of denominator for earnings per share attributable to stockholders to Non-GAAP Adjusted Fully Distributed Earnings per ShareReconciliation of denominator for earnings per share attributable to stockholders to Non-GAAP Adjusted Fully Distributed Earnings per ShareReconciliation of denominator for earnings per share attributable to stockholders to Non-GAAP Adjusted Fully Distributed Earnings per Share 
Weighted Average:  
Common shares used for basic and diluted earnings per share62,020
62,020
53,529
Potentially dilutive shares730
730
547
Conversion of Class B common units66,322
66,322
81,394
Basic weighted average shares outstanding69,451
62,020
65,582
58,346
Dilutive securities645
730
662
934
Class B shares outstanding52,374
66,322
57,786
72,969
Weighted average fully distributed shares outstanding - diluted129,072
129,072
135,470
122,470
129,072
124,030
132,249
(a)Reflects income tax expense at an estimated effective income tax rate of 26% of Non-GAAP adjusted fully distributed income before income taxes for both the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.taxes.



The following table provides the reconciliation of earnings (loss) per share attributable to stockholders to Non-GAAP Adjusted Fully Distributed Earnings per Share for the periods presented. Refer to "Our Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for further information regarding items excluded in our calculation of Non-GAAP Adjusted Fully Distributed Earnings per Share.
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,Nine Months Ended March 31,
201920182020201920202019
As presentedPrevious revenue standard
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to stockholders$4.29
$4.24
$(1.93)
Earnings per share attributable to stockholders$4.91
$4.29
$9.47
$4.77
Adjustment of redeemable limited partners' capital to redemption amount(3.80)(3.77)2.37
(4.36)(3.80)(7.88)(3.07)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP0.70
0.66
0.99
0.50
0.70
2.02
2.76
(Income) loss from discontinued operations, net of tax
0.02
(0.02)0.07
Income tax expense0.18
0.20
0.25
0.06
0.19
1.19
0.44
Amortization of purchased intangible assets0.23
0.23
0.26
0.20
0.22
0.59
0.68
Stock-based compensation0.11
0.11
0.14
0.11
0.11
0.30
0.35
Acquisition related expenses0.05
0.05
0.03
Strategic and financial restructuring expenses

0.03
Loss on FFF put and call rights0.07
0.07
0.06
Impairment on investments

0.09
Acquisition and disposition related expenses0.10
0.06
0.25
0.12
Remeasurement of tax receivable agreement liabilities(0.01)
(0.37)
Loss (gain) on FFF put and call rights0.20
0.07
(0.13)(0.06)
Other expense0.01
0.01

0.01
0.01
0.05
0.02
Impact of corporation taxes (a)
(0.48)(0.47)(0.60)(0.45)(0.50)(1.42)(1.58)
Impact of dilutive shares (b)
(0.70)(0.69)(1.02)(0.54)(0.71)(1.91)(2.51)
Non-GAAP Adjusted Fully Distributed Earnings Per Share$0.66
$0.64
$0.67
$0.73
$0.66
$2.14
$1.99
(a)Reflects income tax expense at an estimated effective income tax rate of 26% of Non-GAAP adjusted fully distributed income before income taxes for both the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.taxes.
(b)Reflects impact of dilutive shares, primarily attributable to the assumed conversion of all Class B common units for Class A common stock.
Consolidated Results - Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 20192020 to 20182019
Net Revenue
Net revenue decreased $2.4increased by $33.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $422.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, from $425.3primarily due to an increase of $19.6 million forin product revenue, an increase of $9.5 million in net administrative fees revenue and an increase of $4.5 million in other services and support revenue. The variances in the material factors contributing to the changes in consolidated net revenue are discussed further in "Segment Results" below.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue increased by $17.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018.
Net administrative fees revenue increased $2.9 million, or 2%,2020 compared to $164.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, from $161.6primarily due to an increase of $14.6 million forin cost of product revenue and an increase of $2.5 million in cost of services revenue. The variances in the material factors contributing to the changes in consolidated cost of revenue are discussed further in "Segment Results" below.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses increased by $2.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018. Net administrative fees recognized in2020 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to an increase of $2.0 million in selling, general and administrative expenses primarily due to an increase in expenses associated with certain strategic initiatives, including the Acurity and Nexera asset acquisition as well as an increase in technology expenses driven by software subscriptions associated with our newly acquired businesses. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in North Carolina franchise taxes. The variances in the material factors contributing to the changes in consolidated operating expenses are discussed further in "Segment Results" below.
Other Income, Net
Other income, net decreased by $23.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to increase in the loss on FFF put and call rights in the current period (see Note 6 - Fair Value Measurements to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for further information) and other than temporary impairment charges associated with our held-to-maturity investments.


Income Tax Expense
For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, we recorded tax expense of $4.2 million and $11.7 million, respectively, which equates to effective tax rates of 5% and 13%, effectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate is primarily attributable to the income tax benefit associated with the NOL carryback provisions under the PreviousCARES Act and the release of the valuation allowance. Our effective tax rates differ from income taxes recorded at the statutory income tax rate primarily due to partnership income not subject to federal, state and local income taxes. See Note 14 - Income Taxes to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for more information.
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax increased by $1.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to the substantial completion of the wind down of the specialty pharmacy business in the current period.
Net Income Attributable to Non-Controlling Interest
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest decreased by $8.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to a decrease in non-controlling ownership percentage in Premier LP to 42% from 53%, respectively.
Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA
Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA increased by $17.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. The variances in the material factors contributing to the changes in consolidated Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA are discussed further in "Segment Results" below.
Consolidated Results - Comparison of the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2020 to 2019
Net Revenue Standard totaled $165.4 million.
Net revenue increased by $55.4 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to an increase of $37.9 million in product revenue and an increase of $26.4 million in net administrative fees revenue, partially offset by a decrease of $8.8 million in other services and support revenue. The variances in the material factors contributing to the changes in consolidated net revenue are discussed further in "Segment Results" below.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue increased by $37.3 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to increase of $26.4 million in cost of product revenue and an increase of $10.9 million in cost of services revenue. The variances in the material factors contributing to the changes in consolidated cost of revenue are discussed further in "Segment Results" below.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses decreased by $4.8 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to a decrease of $4.9 million in selling, general and administrative expenses largely due to a decrease of $24.6 million due to the remeasurement of the TRA liability as a result of the change in North Carolina state income tax law partially offset by an increase in acquisition costs primarily associated with the Acurity and Nexera asset acquisition and the Medpricer acquisition in the nine months ended March 31, 2020. The variances in the material factors contributing to the changes in consolidated operating expenses are discussed further in "Segment Results" below.
Other Income, Net
Other income, net increased by $0.8 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to an increase in equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates primarily due to our investment in FFF (see Note 5 - Investments to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for further information) and an increase in the gain on FFF put and call rights in the current period (see Note 6 - Fair Value Measurements to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for further information). The increases were partially offset by other than temporary impairment charges associated with our held-to-maturity investments.


Income Tax Expense
For the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, we recorded tax expense of $78.3 million and $25.8 million, respectively, which equates to effective tax rates of 25% and 9%, respectively. The increase in effective tax rate is primarily attributable to the remeasurement of deferred tax balances related to the change in North Carolina state income tax law. Our effective tax rates differ from income taxes recorded at the statutory income tax rate primarily due to partnership income not subject to federal, state, and local income taxes. See Note 14 - Income Taxes to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for more information.
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax increased by $4.9 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to the substantial completion of the wind down of the specialty pharmacy business in the current period.
Net Income Attributable to Non-Controlling Interest
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest decreased by $28.4 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to a decrease in non-controlling ownership percentage in Premier LP to 42% from 53%, respectively, as well as a decrease in income of Premier LP.
Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA
Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA increased by $23.4 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2019. The variances in the material factors contributing to the changes in consolidated Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA are discussed further in "Segment Results" below.


Segment Results
Supply Chain Services
The following table presents our results of operations and Non-GAAP Segment Adjusted EBITDA in the Supply Chain Services segment for the periods presented (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended March 31,   Nine Months Ended March 31,  
Supply Chain Services20202019Change 20202019Change
Net revenue:         
Net administrative fees$174,049
$164,534
$9,515
6% $518,566
$492,229
$26,337
5%
Other services and support3,396
2,484
912
37% 8,439
6,520
1,919
29%
Services177,445
167,018
10,427
6% 527,005
498,749
28,256
6%
Products61,183
41,568
19,615
47% 167,344
129,441
37,903
29%
Net revenue238,628
208,586
30,042
14% 694,349
628,190
66,159
11%
Cost of revenue:  


     
Services123
21
102
nm 278
144
134
93%
Products54,121
39,496
14,625
37% 150,415
124,024
26,391
21%
Cost of revenue54,244
39,517
14,727
37% 150,693
124,168
26,525
21%
Gross profit184,384
169,069
15,315
9% 543,656
504,022
39,634
8%
Operating expenses:  


     
Selling, general and administrative45,512
36,066
9,446
26% 119,179
106,315
12,864
12%
Research and development


—% 6

6
%
Amortization of purchased intangible assets6,125
4,379
1,746
40% 14,318
13,137
1,181
9%
Operating expenses51,637
40,445
11,192
28% 133,503
119,452
14,051
12%
Operating income$132,747
$128,624
$4,123
3% $410,153
$384,570
$25,583
7%
Depreciation and amortization771
237



 2,274
767
  
Amortization of purchased intangible assets6,125
4,379



 14,318
13,137
  
Acquisition and disposition related expenses4,871
1,180



 9,204
3,352
  
Equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates4,431
385



 10,865
4,307
  
Other expense267




 267
6
  
Non-GAAP Segment Adjusted EBITDA$149,212
$134,805
$14,407
11% $447,081
$406,139
$40,942
10%
Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 to 2019
Net Revenue
Supply Chain Services segment net revenue increased by $30.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019.
Net administrative fees revenue increased by $9.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. Growth in net administrative fees revenue was primarily driven by furtherdue to continuing contract penetration driven largely by the company’s high-compliance portfolio programs and the addition of existing members.new contract categories and suppliers. We expect our net administrative fees revenue to continue to grow to the extent our existing members increase the utilization of our contracts and additional members convert to our contract portfolioportfolio. Due to competitive market trends, we have experienced, and we increase the number of contracts includedexpect to continue to experience, requests to provide existing and prospective members increases in revenue share on incremental or overall purchasing volume that could, if materially increased, adversely impact our revenues and overall portfolio.financial performance.
Other services and supportProduct revenue decreased $1.6increased by $19.6 million or 2%, to $95.9 million forduring the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $97.5 million forcompared to the three months ended March 31, 2018. This decrease2019, primarily due to growth in commodity products and aggregated purchasing of certain products.


Cost of Revenue
Supply Chain Services segment cost of revenue increased by $14.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019 primarily due to an increase in cost of product revenue due to the growth in direct sourcing sales revenue partially offset by a reduction in cost of sales as a result of initiatives to reduce costs. We expect our cost of product revenue to increase to the extent we are able to sell additional direct-sourced medical products to new and existing members. Depending on the underlying product sales mix, increases in product revenues could reduce our gross profit as a percentage of our net revenues.
Operating Expenses
Supply Chain Services segment operating expenses increased by $11.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase was primarily due to an increase in selling, general and administrative expenses of $9.4 million largely driven by expenses associated with certain strategic initiatives, including the Acurity and Nexera asset acquisition and the Medpricer acquisition, as well as an increase of $1.7 million in amortization of purchased intangible assets.
Segment Adjusted EBITDA
Supply Chain Services Segment Adjusted EBITDA increased by $14.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to growth in net administrative fees and product revenues.
Comparison of the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2020 to 2019
Net Revenue
Supply Chain Services segment net revenue increased by $66.2 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2019.
Net administrative fees revenue increased by $26.3 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2019. Growth in net administrative fees revenue was primarily due to continuing contract penetration driven largely by the company’s high-compliance portfolio programs and the addition of new contract categories and suppliers. We expect our net administrative fees revenue to continue to grow to the extent our existing members increase the utilization of our contracts and additional members convert to our contract portfolio. Due to competitive market trends, we have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, requests to provide existing and prospective members an increase in revenue share on incremental or overall purchasing volume that could, if materially increased, adversely impact our revenues and overall financial performance.
Product revenue increased by $37.9 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to growth in commodity products and aggregated purchasing of certain products.
Cost of Revenue
Supply Chain Services segment cost of revenue increased by $26.5 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2019 primarily due to an increase in cost of product revenue due to growth in direct sourcing sales revenue partially offset by a reduction in cost of sales as a result of initiatives to reduce costs. We expect our cost of product revenue to increase to the extent we are able to sell additional direct-sourced medical products to new and existing members. Depending on the underlying product sales mix, increases in product revenues could reduce our gross profit as a percentage of our net revenues.
Operating Expenses
Supply Chain Services segment operating expenses increased by $14.1 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2019. The increase was primarily due to an increase in selling, general and administrative expenses of $12.9 million largely due to increased acquisition and disposition related expenses and expenses associated with certain strategic initiatives, including the Acurity and Nexera asset acquisition and the Medpricer acquisition, as well as an increase of $1.2 million in amortization of purchased intangible assets.
Segment Adjusted EBITDA
Supply Chain Services Segment Adjusted EBITDA increased by $40.9 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to growth in net administrative fees and product revenues.


Performance Services
The following table summarizes our results of operations and Non-GAAP Segment Adjusted EBITDA in the Performance Services segment for the periods presented (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended March 31,   Nine Months Ended March 31,  
Performance Services20202019Change 20202019Change
Net revenue:         
Other services and support$96,195
$92,627
$3,568
4% $262,490
$273,214
$(10,724)(4)%
Net revenue96,195
92,627
3,568
4% 262,490
273,214
(10,724)(4)%
Cost of revenue:  


     
Services48,884
46,525
2,359
5% 143,687
132,963
10,724
8%
Cost of revenue48,884
46,525
2,359
5% 143,687
132,963
10,724
8%
Gross profit47,311
46,102
1,209
3% 118,803
140,251
(21,448)(15)%
Operating expenses:  


     
Selling, general and administrative37,586
34,232
3,354
10% 106,522
96,900
9,622
10%
Research and development628
296
332
112% 1,797
924
873
94%
Amortization of purchased intangible assets7,841
9,193
(1,352)(15)% 24,630
26,649
(2,019)(8)%
Operating expenses46,055
43,721
2,334
5% 132,949
124,473
8,476
7%
Operating income (loss)$1,256
$2,381
$(1,125)(47)% $(14,146)$15,778
$(29,924)(190)%
Depreciation and amortization23,109
18,784



 67,232
54,559
  
Amortization of purchased intangible assets7,841
9,193



 24,630
26,649
  
Acquisition related expenses2,416
2,676



 7,059
3,437
  
Equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates11
167



 173
380
  
Other expense1
34



 29
107
  
Non-GAAP Segment Adjusted EBITDA$34,634
$33,235
$1,399
4% $84,977
$100,910
$(15,933)(16)%
Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 to 2019
Net Revenue
Other services and support revenue in our Performance Services segment increased by $3.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase was primarily due to growth in technology license contracts as a result of a new enterprise license agreement and increased revenue incurred in the current year attributable to clinical decision support services. These increases were partially offset by the timing of certain consulting services and SaaS informatics contracts ending in the applied sciences and quality and population health businesses as well as the impact oflower revenue that was historically recognizedassociated with our Hospital Improvement Innovation Network contract, which terminated on a gross basis under the Previous Revenue Standard but is now recognized on a net basis under the New Revenue Standard. These decreases were partially offset by contributions from new contracts in the aforementioned businesses as well as an increase in revenue attributable to the acquisition of Stanson Health, Inc.March 31, 2020. We expect our other services and support revenue to grow over the long-term to the extent we are able to expand our sales to existing members and additional members begin to utilize our integrated platform of products and services.
Product revenue decreased $3.8 million, or 2%, to $162.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $166.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Growth in oncology-related drug revenue and direct sourcing revenue was more than offset by the $11.2 million impact of revenue recognition under the New Revenue Standard related to our 340B federal discount prescription drug program and to a lesser extent to the direct sourcing business, as well as reimbursement compression in our specialty pharmacy business. 340B revenue, as well as distributor fees associated with direct sourcing revenue, were historically


recognized on a gross basis under the Previous Revenue Standard but are now recognized on a net basis under the New Revenue Standard. We expect our integrated pharmacy and direct sourcing product revenues to increase if we are able to expand our product offerings and product sales to existing members and additional members begin to utilize our programs.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue remained relatively flat at $204.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $203.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018.
Cost of services revenue decreased $0.5 million, or 1%, from three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, primarily driven by a decrease in salaries and benefits expenses due to lower headcount as a result of staffing efficiencies implemented in the prior year. This decrease was partially offset by increased amortization of internally-developed software applications. We expect cost of service revenue to increase to the extent we expand our performance improvement collaboratives and consulting services to members, continue to develop new and existing internally-developed software applications and expand into new product offerings.
Cost of product revenue increased $0.9 million, or 1%, from three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, primarily driven by the growth in revenues associated with our integrated pharmacy business and direct sourcing sales. This increase was partially offset by the $10.4 million impact of the New Revenue Standard on our 340B federal discount prescription drug program. We expect our cost of product revenue to increase to the extent we are able to sell additional integrated pharmacy and direct-sourced products to new and existing members and enroll additional members into our integrated pharmacy program. Increases in cost of product revenues could reduce our gross profit as a percentage of our net revenues depending on the underlying product sales mix.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses increased $9.8 million to $133.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $123.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018.
Selling, General and Administrative
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $9.5 million from three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 driven by expenses related to the Stanson acquisition, increased deferred compensation plan expenses, and higher incentive plan expense in the current year. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in severance expense associated with a workforce reduction executed in the prior period.
Research and Development
Research and development expenses remained flat from three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. Research and development expenses consist of employee-related compensation and benefit expenses and third-party consulting fees for technology professionals, net of capitalized labor, incurred to develop our software-related products and services. We experience fluctuations in our research and development expenditures across reportable periods due to the timing of our software development lifecycles, new product features and functionality, new technologies and upgrades to our service offerings.
Amortization of Purchased Intangible Assets
Amortization of purchased intangible assets increased $0.3 million from three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 driven by additional amortization of purchased intangible assets related to the Stanson acquisition. As we execute on our growth strategy and further deploy capital, we expect further increases in amortization of intangible assets in connection with future potential acquisitions.
Other Expense, Net
Other expense, net decreased $7.8 million to $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $8.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, primarily driven by a reduction in expense related to the impairment of the Company's investment in PharmaPoint, LLC ("PharmaPoint") in the prior fiscal year, as well as increased income on deferred compensation plan assets in the current period.
Income Tax Expense
For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we recorded tax expense of $11.1 million and $13.3 million, respectively, which equates to effective tax rates of 13% and 15%, respectively. The decrease in effective tax rate is primarily attributable to the remeasurement of deferred tax balances related to the decrease in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, pursuant to the TCJA enacted on December 22, 2017. Our effective tax rate differs from income taxes recorded at the statutory


income tax rate primarily due to partnership income not subject to federal, state and local income taxes. See Note 14 - Income Taxes for more information.
Net Income Attributable to Non-Controlling Interest
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest decreased $9.6 million, or 18%, to $43.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $53.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, primarily attributable to a decrease in income of Premier LP as well as a decrease in non-controlling ownership percentage in Premier LP to 51% from 60%.
Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA
Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA decreased $4.6 million, or 3%, to $137.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $142.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Growth in net administrative fees revenue and reduced severance expense related to a workforce reduction executed in the prior period was more than offset by increased reimbursement compression in specialty pharmacy and decreases in other services and support revenue.
Supply Chain Services - Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 to 2018
The following table summarizes our results of operations and Non-GAAP Segment Adjusted EBITDA in the Supply Chain Services segment for the periods presented (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 201920192018
Supply Chain ServicesAs presentedPrevious revenue standardPrevious revenue standard
Net revenue:   
Net administrative fees$164,534
$165,425
$161,612
Other services and support3,310
4,047
2,899
Services167,844
169,472
164,511
Products162,404
173,590
166,234
Net revenue330,248
343,062
330,745
Cost of revenue:   
Services21
926
1,437
Products157,438
167,878
156,511
Cost of revenue157,459
168,804
157,948
Gross profit172,789
174,258
172,797
Operating expenses:   
Selling, general and administrative41,120
41,737
40,185
Amortization of purchased intangible assets5,040
5,040
5,040
Operating expenses46,160
46,777
45,225
Operating income$126,629
$127,481
$127,572
Depreciation and amortization432
432
460
Amortization of purchased intangible assets5,040
5,040
5,040
Acquisition related expenses576
576
1,652
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates386
386
(4,047)
Impairment on investments

4,002
Other expense604
604
586
Non-GAAP Segment Adjusted EBITDA$133,667
$134,519
$135,265
Net Revenue
Supply Chain Services segment net revenue decreased $0.5 million to $330.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $330.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018.


Net administrative fees revenue increased $2.9 million, or 2%, to $164.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $161.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Net administrative fees recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2019 under the Previous Revenue Standard totaled $165.4 million. Growth in net administrative fees revenue was primarily driven by further contract penetration of existing members.
Other services and support revenue increased $0.4 million, or 14%, to $3.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $2.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Growth in service fees from our academic initiative was offset by the impact of revenue recognition under the New Revenue Standard related to our partnership with a third party to provide pharmacy benefit management services.
Product revenue decreased $3.8 million, or 2%, to $162.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $166.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Growth in oncology-related drug revenue was more than offset by the $11.2 million impact of revenue recognition under the New Revenue Standard related to our 340B federal discount prescription drug program and to a lesser extent to the direct sourcing business, as well as reimbursement compression in our specialty pharmacy business. 340B revenue, as well as distributor fees associated with direct sourcing revenue, were historically recognized on a gross basis under the Previous Revenue Standard but are now recognized on a net basis under the New Revenue Standard.
Cost of Revenue
Supply Chain Services segment cost of revenue remained relatively flat, decreasing $0.5 million to $157.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $157.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018.
Cost of services revenue decreased $1.4 million from the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 driven by the historical recognition of integrated pharmacy and other services and support revenue and its associated costs on a gross basis under the Previous Revenue Standard which is now recorded on a net basis under the New Revenue Standard.
Cost of product revenue increased $0.9 million, or 1%, from the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, primarily driven by the growth in revenues associated with our integrated pharmacy business and direct sourcing sales. This increase was partially offset by the impact of the New Revenue Standard on our 340B federal discount prescription drug program.
Operating Expenses
Supply Chain Services segment operating expenses increased $0.9 million, or 2%, to $46.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $45.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $0.9 million, or 2%, from three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 primarily driven by increased incentive plan expense partially offset by the impact of costs incurred in the prior year associated with the integration of previous acquisitions.
Amortization of purchased intangible assets remained flat at $5.0 million for both the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.
Segment Adjusted EBITDA
Segment Adjusted EBITDA decreased $1.6 million to $133.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $135.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Growth in net administrative fees revenue was more than offset by reimbursement compression in the integrated pharmacy business and by increases in certain product-related costs in the direct sourcing business.


Performance Services - Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 to 2018
The following table summarizes our results of operations and Non-GAAP Segment Adjusted EBITDA in the Performance Services segment for the periods presented (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 201920192018
Performance ServicesAs presentedPrevious revenue standardPrevious revenue standard
Net revenue:   
Other services and support$92,627
$89,640
$94,593
Net revenue92,627
89,640
94,593
Cost of revenue:   
Services46,524
46,915
45,600
Cost of revenue46,524
46,915
45,600
Gross profit46,103
42,725
48,993
Operating expenses:   
Selling, general and administrative34,233
34,648
27,746
Research and development296
296
292
Amortization of purchased intangible assets9,193
9,193
8,841
Operating expenses43,722
44,137
36,879
Operating income (loss)$2,381
$(1,412)$12,114
Depreciation and amortization18,784
18,784
15,701
Amortization of purchased intangible assets9,193
9,193
8,841
Acquisition related expenses2,676
2,676
(112)
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates167
167
(892)
Impairment on investments

1,000
Other expense34
34
63
Non-GAAP Segment Adjusted EBITDA$33,235
$29,442
$36,715
Net Revenue
Other services and support revenue decreased $2.0 million, or 2%, to $92.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $94.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. This decrease was primarily driven by the timing of certain contracts ending in the applied sciences and quality and population health businesses as well as the impact of revenue that was historically recognized on a gross basis under the Previous Revenue Standard but is now recognized on a net basis under the New Revenue Standard. These decreases were partially offset by contributions from new contracts in the aforementioned businesses as well as from an increase in revenue attributable to the acquisition of Stanson Health, Inc.
Cost of Revenue
Performance Services segment cost of revenue increased $0.9by $2.4 million or 2%,during the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $46.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, from $45.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 primarily driven bydue to increased amortization of internally-developed software applications as well as an increase due to the impact of certain consulting costs historically recognized on a gross basis under the Previous Revenue Standard, but are now recognized on a net basis under the New Revenue Standard. These increases were partially offset with a decrease related toand higher salaries and benefits due to lower headcount as a result of staffing efficiencies implementedexpense incurred in the prior year.current year attributable to an increase in expenses in clinical decision support services.
Operating Expenses
Performance Services segment operating expenses increased $6.8by $2.3 million or 19%,during the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $43.7the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase was primarily due to an increase in selling, general and administrative expenses of $3.4 million forlargely driven by an increase in expenses in clinical decision support services. The increase in operating expenses was partially offset by a decrease of $1.4 million in amortization of purchased intangible assets.


Segment Adjusted EBITDA
Performance Services Segment Adjusted EBITDA increased by $1.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $36.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $6.5 million, or 23%, from three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, primarily driven by expenses associated with the Stanson acquisition.


Amortization of purchased intangible assets increased $0.4 million, or 4%, from three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, primarily driven by additional amortization of purchased intangible assets related to the Stanson acquisition.
Segment Adjusted EBITDA
Segment Adjusted EBITDA decreased $3.5 million to $33.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $36.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. This decrease is primarily a result of increases in selling, general and administrative expenses as well as decreased other services and support revenue.
Corporate - Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 to 2018
The following table summarizes corporate expenses and Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended March 31,
Corporate20192018
Operating expenses:  
Selling, general and administrative$43,150
$41,075
Operating expenses43,150
41,075
Operating loss$(43,150)$(41,075)
Depreciation and amortization2,776
2,424
Stock-based compensation6,851
7,333
Strategic and financial restructuring expenses
1,648
ERP implementation expenses225
40
Deferred compensation plan income (expense)3,974
(112)
Other income
1
Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA$(29,324)$(29,741)
Operating Expenses
Corporate operating expenses increased $2.1 million, or 5%, to $43.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $41.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 primarily due to increased deferred compensation plan expensesthe aforementioned increase in revenue partially offset by a decreasean increase in strategic and financial restructuring costs and stock-based compensation expense.expenses incurred in clinical decision support services in the current year.
Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA
Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA remained flat, decreasing $0.4 million, or 1%, from three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.


Results of Operations for Nine Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018
The following table summarizes our results of operations for the nine months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands, except per share data):
 Nine Months Ended March 31,
 2019 2019 2018
 As presented Previous revenue standard Previous revenue standard
 Amount% of Net Revenue Amount% of Net Revenue Amount% of Net Revenue
Net revenue:        
Net administrative fees$492,229
39% $481,997
38% $471,946
38%
Other services and support282,656
23% 266,749
22% 274,357
22%
Services774,885
62% 748,746
60% 746,303
60%
Products471,393
38% 506,455
40% 480,997
39%
Net revenue1,246,278
100% 1,255,201
100% 1,227,300
100%
Cost of revenue: 
  
  
Services133,106
11% 138,948
11% 141,228
13%
Products458,593
36% 491,331
39% 454,222
37%
Cost of revenue591,699
47% 630,279
50% 595,450
50%
Gross profit654,579
53% 624,922
50% 631,850
50%
Other operating income: 
  
  
Remeasurement of tax receivable agreement liabilities
—% 
—% 177,174
14%
Other operating income
—% 
—% 177,174
14%
Operating expenses: 
  
  
Selling, general and administrative334,485
27% 337,898
27% 331,948
27%
Research and development928
—% 928
—% 1,105
—%
Amortization of purchased intangible assets41,770
3% 41,770
3% 41,597
3%
Operating expenses377,183
30% 380,596
30% 374,650
30%
Operating income277,396
23% 244,326
20% 434,374
35%
Other income (expense), net6,879
1% 6,879
1% (19,880)(2)%
Income before income taxes284,275
23% 251,205
20% 414,494
33%
Income tax expense23,689
2% 21,011
2% 257,560
21%
Net income260,586
21% 230,194
18% 156,934
12%
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP(161,132)(13)% (141,818)(11)% (154,142)(13)%
Adjustment of redeemable limited partners' capital to redemption amount178,910
nm 164,609
nm 511,301
nm
Net income attributable to stockholders$278,364
nm $252,985
nm $514,093
nm
         
Weighted average shares outstanding:        
Basic58,346
  58,346
  53,885
 
Diluted132,249
  132,249
  138,254
 
         
Earnings per share attributable to stockholders:       
Basic$4.77
  $4.34
  $9.54
 
Diluted (a)
$1.68
  $1.47
  $0.79
 
nm = Not meaningful


(a)We have corrected prior period information within the current period financial statements related to a specific component used in calculating the tax effect on Premier, Inc. net income for purposes of diluted earnings per share. Diluted earnings (loss) per share for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 was previously stated at ($0.84) per share and has been corrected to $0.79 per share. We believe the correction is immaterial and the corrected amount had no impact on our overall financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
The following table provides certain Non-GAAP financial measures for the nine months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands, except per share data). Refer to "Our Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for further information regarding items excluded in our calculation of Adjusted EBITDA and Segment Adjusted EBITDA.
 Nine Months Ended March 31,
 2019 2019 2018
 As presented Previous revenue standard Previous revenue standard
 Amount% of Net Revenue Amount% of Net Revenue Amount% of Net Revenue
Certain Non-GAAP Financial Data:        
Adjusted EBITDA$418,197
34% $385,127
31% $394,951
32%
Non-GAAP Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income$260,026
21% $235,555
19% $222,284
18%
Non-GAAP Adjusted Fully Distributed Earnings Per Share$1.97
  $1.78
  $1.61
 
The following table provides the reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA and the reconciliation of income before income taxes to Segment Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands). Refer to "Our Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for further information regarding items excluded in our calculation of Adjusted EBITDA and Segment Adjusted EBITDA.
 Nine Months Ended March 31,
 201920192018
 As presentedPrevious revenue standardPrevious revenue standard
Net income$260,586
$230,194
$156,934
Interest and investment loss, net2,628
2,628
4,239
Income tax expense23,689
21,011
257,560
Depreciation and amortization64,182
64,182
52,401
Amortization of purchased intangible assets41,770
41,770
41,597
EBITDA392,855
359,785
512,731
Stock-based compensation20,988
20,988
25,241
Acquisition related expenses5,015
5,015
6,312
Strategic and financial restructuring expenses

1,652
Remeasurement of tax receivable agreement liabilities

(177,174)
ERP implementation expenses612
612
531
Loss on disposal of long-lived assets303
303
1,725
(Gain) loss on FFF put and call rights(3,458)(3,458)18,674
Impairment on investments

5,002
Other expense1,882
1,882
257
Adjusted EBITDA$418,197
$385,127
$394,951
    
Income before income taxes$284,275
$251,205
$414,494
Equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates(4,687)(4,687)(570)
Interest and investment loss, net2,628
2,628
4,239
Loss on disposal of long-lived assets303
303
1,725
Other (income) expense(5,123)(5,123)14,486


 Nine Months Ended March 31,
 201920192018
 As presentedPrevious revenue standardPrevious revenue standard
Operating income277,396
244,326
434,374
Depreciation and amortization64,182
64,182
52,401
Amortization of purchased intangible assets41,770
41,770
41,597
Stock-based compensation20,988
20,988
25,241
Acquisition related expenses5,015
5,015
6,312
Strategic and financial restructuring expenses

1,652
Remeasurement of tax receivable agreement liabilities

(177,174)
ERP implementation expenses612
612
531
Equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates4,687
4,687
570
Impairment on investments

5,002
Deferred compensation plan income1,076
1,076
3,004
Other expense, net2,471
2,471
1,441
Adjusted EBITDA$418,197
$385,127
$394,951
    
Segment Adjusted EBITDA:   
Supply Chain Services$403,149
$391,631
$392,930
Performance Services100,910
79,358
85,865
Corporate(85,862)(85,862)(83,844)
Adjusted EBITDA$418,197
$385,127
$394,951


The following table provides the reconciliation of net income attributable to stockholders to Non-GAAP Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income and the reconciliation of the numerator and denominator for earnings per share attributable to stockholders to Non-GAAP Adjusted Fully Distributed Earnings per Share for the nine months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands). Refer to "Our Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for further information regarding items excluded in our calculation of Non-GAAP Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income and Non-GAAP Adjusted Fully Distributed Earnings per Share.
 Nine Months Ended March 31,
 201920192018
 As presentedPrevious revenue standardPrevious revenue standard
Net income attributable to stockholders$278,364
$252,985
$514,093
Adjustment of redeemable limited partners' capital to redemption amount(178,910)(164,609)(511,301)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP161,132
141,818
154,142
Income tax expense23,689
21,011
257,560
Amortization of purchased intangible assets41,770
41,770
41,597
Stock-based compensation20,988
20,988
25,241
Acquisition related expenses5,015
5,015
6,312
Strategic and financial restructuring expenses

1,652
Remeasurement of tax receivable agreement liabilities

(177,174)
ERP implementation expenses612
612
531
Loss on disposal of long-lived assets303
303
1,725
(Gain) loss on FFF put and call rights(3,458)(3,458)18,674
Impairment on investments

5,002
Other expense1,882
1,882
257
Non-GAAP adjusted fully distributed income before income taxes351,387
318,317
338,311
Income tax expense on fully distributed income before income taxes (a)
91,361
82,762
116,027
Non-GAAP Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income$260,026
$235,555
$222,284
    
Reconciliation of denominator for earnings per share attributable to stockholders to Non-GAAP Adjusted Fully Distributed Earnings per Share
Weighted Average:   
Common shares used for basic and diluted earnings per share58,346
58,346
53,885
Potentially dilutive shares934
934
551
Conversion of Class B common units72,969
72,969
83,818
Weighted average fully distributed shares outstanding - diluted132,249
132,249
138,254
(a)Reflects income tax expense at an estimated effective income tax rate of 26% and 34% of Non-GAAP adjusted fully distributed income before income taxes for the nine months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.


The following table provides the reconciliation of earnings per share attributable to stockholders to Non-GAAP Adjusted Fully Distributed Earnings per Share for the nine months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. Refer to "Our Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for further information regarding items excluded in our calculation of Non-GAAP Adjusted Fully Distributed Earnings per Share.
 Nine Months Ended March 31,
 201920192018
 As presentedPrevious revenue standardPrevious revenue standard
Earnings per share attributable to stockholders$4.77
$4.34
$9.54
Adjustment of redeemable limited partners' capital to redemption amount(3.07)(2.82)(9.49)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in Premier LP2.76
2.43
2.86
Income tax expense0.41
0.36
4.78
Amortization of purchased intangible assets0.72
0.72
0.77
Stock-based compensation0.36
0.36
0.47
Acquisition related expenses0.09
0.09
0.12
Strategic and financial restructuring expenses

0.03
Remeasurement of tax receivable agreement liabilities

(3.29)
ERP implementation expenses0.01
0.01
0.01
Loss on disposal of long-lived assets0.01
0.01
0.03
(Gain) loss on FFF put and call rights(0.06)(0.06)0.35
Impairment on investments

0.09
Other expense0.03
0.03

Impact of corporation taxes (a)
(1.57)(1.42)(2.14)
Impact of dilutive shares (b)
(2.49)(2.27)(2.52)
Non-GAAP Adjusted Fully Distributed Earnings Per Share$1.97
$1.78
$1.61
(a)Reflects income tax expense at an estimated effective income tax rate of 26% and 34% of Non-GAAP adjusted fully distributed income before income taxes for the nine months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
(b)Reflects impact of dilutive shares, primarily attributable to the assumed conversion of all Class B common units for Class A common stock.
Consolidated Results - Comparison of the Nine Months Ended March 31, 20192020 to 20182019
Net Revenue
NetOther services and support revenue increased $19.0in our Performance Services segment decreased by $10.7 million to $1,246.3 million forduring the nine months ended March 31, 2019 from $1,227.3 million for2020 compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2018.
Net administrative fees revenue increased $20.3 million, or 4%, to $492.2 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2019 from$471.9 million for the nine months ended March 31, 20182019. The decrease was primarily due in part to the impacttiming of revenue recognition under the New Revenue Standard. Net administrative fees recognizedcertain contracts in the nine months ended March 31, 2019 under the Previous Revenue Standard increased $10.1 million, or 2%, to $482.0 million. The increase was primarily driven by further contract penetration of existing members, partially offset by higher revenue recoveries in the prior year. We expect our net administrative fees revenue to grow to the extent our existing members increase the utilization of our contracts, additional members convert to our contract portfoliosupply chain and we increase the number of contracts included in our overall portfolio.
Other servicesenterprise value and support revenue increased $8.3 million, or 3%, to $282.7 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2019 from $274.4 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2018. Revenue growth was primarily driven by applied sciences and cost management consulting services, aslower revenue is now recognized proportionally to when services are provided under the New Revenue Standard whereas revenue recognition was deferred in certain circumstances until certain performance conditions were met under the Previous Revenue Standard.associated with our Hospital Improvement Innovation Network contract. These increasesdecreases were partially offset by growth in technology license contracts as a result of a new enterprise license agreement and increased revenue incurred in the impact of revenue that was historically recognized on a gross basis under the Previous Revenue Standard but is now recognized on a net basis under the New Revenue Standard.current year attributable to clinical decision support services. We expect our other services and support revenue to grow over the long-term to the extent we are able to expand our sales to existing members and additional members begin to utilize our integrated platform of products and services.

Cost of Revenue

ProductPerformance Services segment cost of revenue decreased $9.6increased by $10.7 million or 2%, to $471.4 million forduring the nine months ended March 31, 2019 from $481.0 million for2020 compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2018. Growth in oncology and respiratory-related drug revenue and direct sourcing sales was more than offset by the $34.9 million impact of revenue recognition under the New Revenue Standard related to our 340B federal discount prescription drug program and to a lesser extent to the direct sourcing business in conjunction with reimbursement compression in our specialty pharmacy business. 340B revenue, as well as distributor fees associated with direct sourcing revenue, were historically recognized on a gross basis under the Previous Revenue Standard but are now recognized on a net basis under the New Revenue Standard. We expect our integrated pharmacy and direct sourcing product revenues to continue to grow to the extent we are able to increase our product offerings, expand our product sales to existing members and additional members begin to utilize our programs.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue decreased $3.8 million, or 1% to $591.7 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2019 from $595.5 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2018.
Cost of services revenue decreased $8.1 million, or 6%, from the nine months ended March 31, 2018 to 2019, primarily driven by the impact of the New Revenue Standard on the recognition of certain consulting expenses which were historically recognized on a gross basis under the Previous Revenue Standard, but are now recognized on a net basis under the New Revenue Standard, as well as a decrease in salaries and benefits in the current year due to lower headcount as a result of staffing efficiencies implemented in the prior year and a reduction in third party costs and billable expenses. These decreases were partially offset by increased amortization of internally-developed software applications. We expect cost of service revenue to increase to the extent we expand our performance improvement collaboratives and consulting services to members, continue to develop new and existing internally-developed software applications and expand our product offerings.
Cost of product revenue increased $4.4 million, or 1%, from the nine months ended March 31, 2018 to 2019, primarily driven by the growth in revenues associated with our integrated pharmacy business and direct sourcing sales. This increase was partially offset by the impact of the New Revenue Standard on our 340B federal discount prescription drug program. We expect our cost of product revenue to increase to the extent we are able to sell additional integrated pharmacy and direct-sourced medical products to new and existing members and enroll additional members into our integrated pharmacy program. Increases in cost of product revenues could reduce our gross profit as a percentage of our net revenues depending on the underlying product sales mix.
Other Operating Income
Other operating income decreased $177.2 million from the nine months ended March 31, 2018 to 2019 as a result of the remeasurement of TRA liabilities in the prior year, which was primarily attributable to the 14% decrease in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate associated with the TCJA. See "Member-Owner TRA" below for additional information related to the Company's TRA liabilities.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses increased $2.5 million to $377.2 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2019 from $374.7 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2018.
Selling, General and Administrative
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $2.6 million from the nine months ended March 31, 2018 to 2019, primarily due to increased amortization of internally-developed software applications and higher bad debtsalaries and benefits expense incurred in the current year expenses related to the Stanson acquisition, and increased information technology purchases. These increases were partially offset by reduced salaries and benefits expenses, a decrease in stock-based compensation expense associated with anticipated achievement of certain performance targets, and the impact of the New Revenue Standard on distributor fees associated with direct sourcing revenue.
Research and Development
Research and development expenses decreased $0.2 million from the nine months ended March 31, 2018 to 2019. Research and development expenses consist of employee-related compensation and benefit expenses and third-party consulting fees for technology professionals, net of capitalized labor, incurred to develop our software-related products and services. We experience fluctuations in our research and development expenditures across reportable periods due to the timing of our software development lifecycles, new product features and functionality, new technologies and upgrades to our service offerings.
Amortization of Purchased Intangible Assets
Amortization of purchased intangible assets increased $0.2 million from the nine months ended March 31, 2018 to 2019, primarily driven by additional amortization of purchased intangible assets related to the Stanson acquisition. As we execute on our growth


strategy and further deploy capital, we expect increases in amortization of intangible assets in connection with future potential acquisitions.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net increased $26.8 million to $6.9 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2019 from $(19.9) million for the nine months ended March 31, 2018, primarily driven by the gain on the FFF put and call rights in the current fiscal year compared to the loss in the prior fiscal year (see Note 5 - Fair Value Measurements) as well as a reduction of expense related to the impairment of the Company's investment in PharmaPoint in the prior fiscal year.
Income Tax Expense
For the nine months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we recorded tax expense of $23.7 million and $257.6 million, respectively, which equates to effective tax rates of 8% and 62%, respectively. The decrease in effective tax rate is primarily attributable to the remeasurement of deferred tax balances related to the decrease in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, pursuant to the TCJA enacted on December 22, 2017. Our effective tax rate differs from income taxes recorded at the statutory income tax rate primarily due to partnership income not subject to federal, state and local income taxes and reductions in valuation allowances against deferred tax assets at PHSI. See Note 14 - Income Taxes for more information.
Net Income Attributable to Non-Controlling Interest
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest increased $7.0 million, or 4.5%, to $161.1 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2019 from $154.1 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2018, primarily attributable to an increase in income of Premier LP, partially offset by a decrease in non-controlling ownership percentage in Premier LP to 51% from 60%.
Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA
Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA increased $23.2 million, or 6%, to $418.2 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2019 from $395.0 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2018, primarily as a result of growth in net administrative fees revenue, increased other services and support revenue, decreases in cost of services revenue and decreased severance expense related to the workforce reduction executed in the prior year. These increases were partially offset by reimbursement compression in specialty pharmacy, an increase in product related costs in direct sourcing, higher bad debt expense in the current year, increased incentive plan expense, and increased information technology purchases.


Supply Chain Services - Comparison of the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2019 to 2018
The following table summarizes our results of operations and Non-GAAP Segment Adjusted EBITDA in the Supply Chain Services segment for the nine months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):
 Nine Months Ended March 31, 2019
 201920192018
Supply Chain ServicesAs presentedPrevious revenue standardPrevious revenue standard
Net revenue:   
Net administrative fees$492,229
$481,997
$471,946
Other services and support9,442
12,309
8,470
Services501,671
494,306
480,416
Products471,393
506,455
480,997
Net revenue973,064
1,000,761
961,413
Cost of revenue:   
Services144
4,090
3,524
Products458,593
491,331
454,222
Cost of revenue458,737
495,421
457,746
Gross profit514,327
505,340
503,667
Operating expenses:   
Selling, general and administrative120,263
122,794
124,305
Amortization of purchased intangible assets15,121
15,121
15,057
Operating expenses135,384
137,915
139,362
Operating income$378,943
$367,425
$364,305
Depreciation and amortization1,420
1,420
1,109
Amortization of purchased intangible assets15,121
15,121
15,057
Acquisition related expenses1,578
1,578
6,522
Equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates4,307
4,307
1,334
Impairment on investments

4,002
Other expense, net1,780
1,780
601
Non-GAAP Segment Adjusted EBITDA$403,149
$391,631
$392,930
Net Revenue
Supply Chain Services segment net revenue increased $11.7 million to $973.1 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2019 from $961.4 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2018.
Net administrative fees revenue increased $20.3 million, or 4%, to $492.2 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2019 from $471.9 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 primarily due to the impact of revenue recognition under the New Revenue Standard. Net administrative fees recognized in the nine months ended March 31, 2019 under the Previous Revenue Standard increased $10.1 million, or 2%, to $482.0 million. The increase was primarily driven by further contract penetration of existing members, partially offset by higher revenue recoveries in the prior year.
Other services and support revenue increased $1.1 million, or 14%, to $9.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $8.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Growth in service fees from our academic initiative was offset by the impact of revenue recognition under the New Revenue Standard related to our partnership with a third party to provide pharmacy benefit management services.
Product revenue decreased $9.6 million, or 2%, to $471.4 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2019 from $481.0 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2018. Growth in oncology and respiratory-related drug revenue and direct sourcing sales was more than offset by the $34.9 million impact of revenue recognition under the New Revenue Standard related to our 340B federal discount prescription drug program and to a lesser extent to the direct sourcing business, as well as reimbursement compression in our specialty pharmacy business. 340B revenue, as well as distributor fees associated with direct sourcing revenue,


were historically recognized on a gross basis under the Previous Revenue Standard but are now recognized on a net basis under the New Revenue Standard.
Cost of Revenue
Supply Chain Services segment cost of revenue increased $1.0 million, to $458.7 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2019 from $457.7 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2018.
Cost of service revenue decreased $3.4 million, or 96%, the nine months ended March 31, 2018 to 2019, driven by the historical recognition of integrated pharmacy and other services and support revenue and its associated costs on a gross basis under the Previous Revenue Standard which is now recorded on a net basis under the New Revenue Standard.
Cost of product revenue increased $4.4 million, or 1%, from the nine months ended March 31, 2018 to 2019, primarily driven by the growth in revenues associated with our integrated pharmacy business and direct sourcing sales. This increase was partially offset by the impact of the New Revenue Standard on our 340B federal discount prescription drug program.
Operating Expenses
Supply Chain Services segment operating expenses decreased $4.0 million, or 3%, to $135.4 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2019 from $139.4 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2018.
Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $4.0 million, or 3%, from the nine months ended March 31, 2018 to 2019 primarily driven by the impact of the New Revenue Standard on distributor fees associated with direct sourcing revenue, decreased general overhead expenses in the current year and the impact of costs incurred in the prior year associated with the integration of previous acquisitions.
Amortization of purchased intangible assets remained flat, increasing $0.1 million from the nine months ended March 31, 2018 to 2019.
Segment Adjusted EBITDA
Segment Adjusted EBITDA increased $10.2 million, or 3%, to $403.1 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2019 from $392.9 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2018. This increase was primarily a result of growth in net administrative fees revenue partially offset by increased product costs and reimbursement compression in our integrated pharmacy business.


Performance Services - Comparison of the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2019 to 2018
The following table summarizes our results of operations and Non-GAAP Segment Adjusted EBITDA in the Performance Services segment for the nine months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):
 Nine Months Ended March 31,
 201920192018
Performance ServicesAs presentedPrevious revenue standardPrevious revenue standard
Net revenue:   
Other services and support$273,214
$254,440
$265,887
Net revenue273,214
254,440
265,887
Cost of revenue:   
Services132,962
134,858
137,705
Cost of revenue132,962
134,858
137,705
Gross profit140,252
119,582
128,182
Operating expenses:   
Selling, general and administrative96,901
97,783
86,054
Research and development924
924
1,099
Amortization of purchased intangible assets26,649
26,649
26,540
Operating expenses124,474
125,356
113,693
Operating income (loss)$15,778
$(5,774)$14,489
Depreciation and amortization54,559
54,559
44,553
Amortization of purchased intangible assets26,649
26,649
26,540
Acquisition related expenses3,437
3,437
(209)
Acquisition related adjustment - revenue

257
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates380
380
(765)
Impairment on investments

1,000
Other expense107
107

Non-GAAP Segment Adjusted EBITDA$100,910
$79,358
$85,865
Net Revenue
Other services andclinical decision support revenue increased $7.3 million, or 3%, to $273.2 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2019 from $265.9 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2018. Revenue growth was primarily driven by applied sciences and cost management consulting services, as revenue is now recognized proportionally to when services are provided under the New Revenue Standard whereas revenue recognition was deferred in certain circumstances until certain performance conditions were met under the Previous Revenue Standard. These increases were partially offset by the impact of revenue that was historically recognized on a gross basis under the Previous Revenue Standard but is now recognized on a net basis under the New Revenue Standard.
Cost of Revenue
Performance Services segment cost of revenue decreased $4.7 million, or 3%, to $133.0 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2019 from $137.7 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2018, primarily driven by the impact of the New Revenue Standard on the recognition of certain consulting expenses which were historically recognized on a gross basis under the Previous Revenue Standard, but are now recognized on a net basis under the New Revenue Standard, as well as a decrease in salaries and benefits in the current year due to lower headcount as a result of staffing efficiencies implemented in the prior year and a reduction in third party costs and billable expenses. These decreases were partially offset by increased amortization of internally-developed software applications.


services.
Operating Expenses
Performance Services segment operating expenses increased $10.8by $8.5 million or 9%,during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $124.5the nine months ended March 31, 2019. The increase was primarily due to an increase in selling, general and administrative expenses of $9.6 million forlargely due to expenses incurred in the current year attributable to clinical decision support services as well as expenses attributable to ongoing strategic investments. These increases were partially offset by decreased bad debt expense due to a hospital bankruptcy in the prior year. This increase was partially offset by a decrease of $2.0 million in amortization of purchased intangibles.
Segment Adjusted EBITDA
Performance Services Segment Adjusted EBITDA decreased by $15.9 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2019, from $113.7 million forprimarily due to the nine months ended March 31, 2018.
Selling, general and administrativeaforementioned decrease in revenue, an increase in expenses increased $10.8 million, or 13%, from the nine months ended March 31, 2018 to 2019 primarily driven by increased amortization of internally-developed software applications, expenses associated with the acquisition of Stanson, increased salaries and benefits expense and higher bad debt expenseincurred in the current year.
Amortization of purchased intangible assets remained relatively flat, increasing $0.1 million from the nine months ended March 31, 2018year attributable to 2019, primarily driven by additional amortization of purchased intangible assets relatedclinical decision support services as well as expenses attributable to the Stanson acquisition.
Segment Adjusted EBITDA
Segment Adjusted EBITDA increased $15.0 million to $100.9 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2019 from $85.9 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2018. This increase is primarily a result of increased other services and support revenue and decreased cost of service revenue,ongoing strategic investments partially offset by increaseddecreased bad debt expense.


Corporate - Comparison of the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2019 to 2018
The following table summarizes corporate expenses and Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA for the nine months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018periods presented (in thousands):
Nine Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,  Nine Months Ended March 31,  
Corporate2019201820202019Change 20202019Change
Other operating income: 
Remeasurement of tax receivable agreement liabilities$
$177,174
Other operating income
177,174
Operating expenses:     
Selling, general and administrative117,321
121,588
$32,191
$43,036
$(10,845)(25)% $89,610
$116,983
$(27,373)(23)%
Research and development4
6



nm 5
4
1
nm
Operating expenses117,325
121,594
32,191
43,036
(10,845)(25)% 89,615
116,987
(27,372)(23)%
Operating (loss) income$(117,325)$55,580
Operating loss$(32,191)$(43,036)$10,845
(25)% $(89,615)$(116,987)$27,372
(23)%
Depreciation and amortization8,203
6,739
1,897
2,776



 6,184
8,203
  
Stock-based compensation20,988
25,241
7,668
6,737



 19,358
20,650
  
Strategic and financial restructuring expenses
1,652
Remeasurement of tax receivable agreement liabilities
(177,174)(902)



 (24,584)
  
ERP implementation expenses612
531
Deferred compensation plan income1,076
3,004
Deferred compensation plan income (expense)(5,476)3,974



 (2,484)1,076
  
Other income584
583
1,047
225



 3,633
1,196
  
Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA$(85,862)$(83,844)$(27,957)$(29,324)$1,367
(5)% $(87,508)$(85,862)$(1,646)2%
Other Operating Income
Other operating expenses decreased $177.2 million fromComparison of the nine months endedThree Months Ended March 31, 20182020 to 2019 as a result of the remeasurement of TRA liabilities in the prior year, which was primarily attributable to the 14% decrease in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate associated with the TCJA. See "Member-Owner TRA" below for additional information related to the Company's TRA liabilities.
Operating Expenses
Corporate operating expenses decreased $4.3by $10.8 million or 4%,during the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $117.3the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to a decrease in deferred compensation plan expense and a decrease in North Carolina franchise taxes.
Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA
Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA increased by $1.4 million forfrom during the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to a decrease in North Carolina franchise taxes.
Comparison of the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2020 to 2019
Operating Expenses
Corporate operating expenses decreased by $27.4 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2019, from $121.6 million forprimarily due to the nine months ended March 31, 2018.
Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $4.3 million, or 4%, fromremeasurement of the nine months ended March 31, 2018 to 2019, primarily driven by a decreaseTRA in salaries and benefits expense andthe current period, a decrease in stock-based compensation expense associated withdue to anticipated lower achievement of certain performance targets partially offset by increased information technology purchases.


relative to the prior year and a decrease in deferred compensation plan expense.
Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA
Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA decreased $2.1by $1.6 million or 3%, fromduring the nine months ended March 31, 20182020 compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2019, primarily duerelated to increased informationan increase in technology purchases.expenses driven by software subscriptions associated with newly acquired businesses.


Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of March 31, 2019,2020, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal source of cash has historically been cash provided by operating activities. From time to time we have used, and expect to use in the future, borrowings under our Credit Facility as a source of liquidity. Our primary cash requirements involve operating expenses, working capital fluctuations, revenue share obligations, tax payments, capital expenditures, discretionary cash settlement of Class B common unit exchanges under the Exchange Agreement, repurchases of Class A common stock pursuant to


stock repurchase programs in place from time to time, acquisitions and related business investments, and other general corporate activities. Our capital expenditures typically consist of internally-developed software costs, software purchases, and computer hardware purchases.
As of March 31, 20192020 and June 30, 2018,2019, we had cash and cash equivalents totaling $137.5$241.7 million and $152.4$141.1 million, respectively,respectively. As of March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2019, there were $150.0$250.0 million and $100.0$25.0 million inof outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility, respectively. InDuring the nine months ended March 31, 2020, the Company borrowed $375.0 million and repaid $150.0 million of borrowings under the Credit Facility, which was used to fund the Acurity and Nexera asset acquisition as well as the Medpricer acquisition, share repurchases under our current stock repurchase program, and for other general corporate purposes. On April 2019,27, 2020, the Company repaid $50.0$150.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility.
We expect cash generated from operations and borrowings under our Credit Facility to provide us with adequate liquidity to fund our anticipated working capital requirements, revenue share obligations, tax payments, capital expenditures, discretionary cash settlement of Class B common unit exchanges under the Exchange Agreement, and repurchases of Class A common stock pursuant to stock repurchase programs in place from time to time, and growth for the foreseeable future.time. Our capital requirements depend on numerous factors, including funding requirements for our product and service development and commercialization efforts, our information technology requirements, and the amount of cash generated by our operations. We currently believe that we have adequate capital resources at our disposal to fund currently anticipated capital expenditures, business growth and expansion, and current and projected debt service requirements. However, strategic growth initiatives will likely require the use of one or a combination of various forms of capital resources including available cash on hand, cash generated from operations, borrowings under our Credit Facility, and other long-term debt and, potentially, proceeds from the issuance of additional equity or debt securities.
Discussion of Cash Flows for theNine Months Ended March 31, 20192020 and 20182019
A summary of net cash flows follows (in thousands):
Nine Months Ended March 31,Nine Months Ended March 31,
2019201820202019
Net cash provided by: 
Net cash provided by (used in): 
Operating activities$368,136
$369,734
$248,082
$356,634
Investing activities(132,385)(65,260)(171,954)(132,174)
Financing activities(250,625)(311,799)15,213
(250,625)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents$(14,874)$(7,325)
Operating activities from discontinued operations9,338
11,502
Investing activities from discontinued operations
(211)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$100,679
$(14,874)
Net cash provided by operating activities decreased $1.6by $108.6 million fromfor the nine months ended March 31, 20182020 compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2019. IncreasesThe decrease in cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to the prepaid contract administrative fee share of $92.1 million for one-time rebates paid by Acurity, Inc. to certain of its then members, as agreed to by Acurity, Inc. prior to entering into the Purchase Agreement. These payments were excluded from the purchase price of the Acurity and Nexera asset acquisition and capitalized on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. In addition, the decrease in cash provided by operating activities was due to changes in our working capital primarily driven by prepayments for commodity products, in response to increased demand due to COVID-19, an increase in acquisition and disposition related expenses associated with certain strategic initiatives and lower profitability in our Performance Services segment. These decreases were partially offset by growth in net administrative fees were offset by increased product costs and reimbursement compressionrevenue in our specialty pharmacy business.Supply Chain Services segment and a decrease in operating expenses primarily due to the remeasurement of the TRA in the current period.
Net cash used in investing activities increased $67.1by $39.6 million fromfor the nine months ended March 31, 20182020 compared to 2019 driventhe nine months ended March 31, 2019. The increase in cash used in investing activities was primarily due to an increase of $45.5 million in cash paid for business acquisitions in the current year compared to cash paid for business acquisitions in the prior year. This increase was partially offset by cash received of $3.6 million from the Stanson acquisitionliquidation of property and equipment in November 2018.connection with our exit from specialty pharmacy operations during the current year.
Net cash used in financing activities decreased $61.2changed by $265.8 million fromfor the nine months ended March 31, 20182020 compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2019. DuringThe change in net cash used in financing activities was primarily due to an increase of $175.0 million in net borrowings under the Credit Facility and a decrease of $98.7 million in repurchases of Class A common stock under the stock repurchase program in the current year. These changes were partially offset by an increase in payments of the non-interest bearing notes payable to our departed member owners


Net cash provided by operating activities attributable to discontinued operations decreased by $2.2 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2020, compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2019 cash outflows included $248.8 million repurchasesprimarily due to payments on liabilities that were outstanding as of Class A common stock under our stock repurchase program, $44.7 million distributions to limited partners of Premier LP, and an $18.0 million TRA payment, partially offset by $50.0 million in proceeds from the Credit Facility. During the nine months ended March 31, 2018, cash outflows included $200.1 million repurchases of Class A common stock under our stock repurchase program, $66.1 million distributions to limited partners of Premier LP, $20.0 million payments, net of proceeds, under the Credit Facility, and a $16.7 million earn-out liability payment.June 30, 2019.


Discussion of Non-GAAP Free Cash Flow for theNine Months Ended March 31, 20192020 and 20182019
We define Non-GAAP Free Cash Flow as net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations less distributions and TRA payments to limited partners and purchases of property and equipment. Free cash flow does not represent discretionary cash available for spending as it excludes certain contractual obligations such as debt repayments. A summary of Non-GAAP Free Cash Flow and reconciliation to net cash provided by operating activities for the periods presented follows (in thousands):
Nine Months Ended March 31,Nine Months Ended March 31,
2019201820202019
Net cash provided by operating activities$368,136
$369,734
Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations (a)
$340,228
$356,634
Purchases of property and equipment(70,117)(65,260)(69,326)(69,906)
Distributions to limited partners of Premier LP(44,746)(66,098)(39,590)(44,746)
Payments to limited partners of Premier, LP related to tax receivable agreements (a)
(17,975)
Payments to limited partners of Premier LP related to tax receivable agreements(17,425)(17,975)
Non-GAAP Free Cash Flow$235,298
$238,376
$213,887
$224,007
(a)The timingNet cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations excludes the impact of tax receivable agreement ("TRA") payments shiftedthe prepaid contract administrative fee share for one-time rebates to July from June duecertain Acurity, Inc. members, as agreed to by Acurity, Inc. prior to entering into the change in our federal tax filing deadline,Purchase Agreement, which was extended one month to Aprilexcluded from March. As a result, we did not make a TRA payment in fiscal 2018.the purchase price of the Acurity and Nexera asset acquisition.
ForNon-GAAP Free Cash Flow decreased by $10.1 million for the nine months ended March 31, 20182020 compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2019, Non-GAAP Free Cash Flow decreased $3.1primarily due to a decrease of $16.4 million drivenin net cash provided by the $18.0 million TRA payment made to member owners during the current period,operating activities from continuing operations, partially offset by a $21.4decrease of $5.2 million decrease in distributions to limited partners of Premier LP.
See "Our Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" above for additional information regarding our use of Non-GAAP Free Cash Flow.
Contractual Obligations
Notes Payable
At March 31, 2019,2020, we had commitments of $8.2$9.6 million for obligations under notes payable which represented obligations to departed member owners. Notes payable to departed member owners generally have stated maturities of five years from the date of issuance and are non-interest bearing. See Note 9 - Debt into the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for more information.
Credit Facility
Premier LP, along with its consolidated subsidiaries, PSCI and PHSI, as Co-Borrowers, Premier GP and certain domestic subsidiaries of Premier GP, as guarantors, entered into an unsecured Credit Facility, dated as of November 9, 2018. The Credit Facility has a maturity date of November 9, 2023, subject to up to two one-year extensions at the request of the Co-Borrowers and approval of a majority of the lenders under the Credit Facility. The Credit Facility provides for borrowings of up to $1.0 billion with (i) a $50.0 million sub-facility for standby letters of credit and (ii) a $100.0 million sub-facility for swingline loans. The Credit Facility also provides that Co-Borrowers may from time to time (i) incur incremental term loans and (ii) request an increase in the revolving commitments under the Credit Facility, together up to an aggregate of $350.0 million, subject to the approval of the lenders providing such term loans or revolving commitment increase. The Credit Facility includes an unconditional and irrevocable guaranty of all obligations under the Credit Facility by Premier GP, certain domestic subsidiaries of Premier GP and future guarantors, if any. Premier, Inc. is not a guarantor under the Credit Facility.
The Credit Facility replacedAt our then existing Credit Facility dated June 24, 2014 and amended as of June 4, 2015 (the "Prior Loan Agreement"). The Prior Loan Agreement included a $750.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility and was scheduled to mature on June 24, 2019. At the time of its termination, outstanding borrowings, accrued interest and fees and expenses under the Prior Loan Agreement totaled approximately $100.7 million, which was repaid with cash on hand and borrowings under the new Credit Facility.
At the Company's option, committed loans may be in the form of Eurodollar rate loans ("Eurodollar Loans") or base rate loans ("Base Rate Loans"). Eurodollar Loans bear interest at the Eurodollar rate (defined as the London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, plus the Applicable Rate (defined as a margin based on the Consolidated Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Facility))). Base Rate Loans bear interest at the Base Rate (defined as the highest of the prime rate announced by the administrative agent, the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50%, the one-month LIBOR plus 1.0% and 0.0%) plus the Applicable Rate. The Applicable Rate ranges from 1.000% to 1.500% for Eurodollar Loans and 0.000% to 0.500% for Base Rate Loans. In the event that LIBOR is no longer available, the Credit Facility states that interest will be calculated based upon rates offered to leading banks for comparable loans by leading banks in the London interbank market. At March 31, 2019,2020, the interest rate for one-month Eurodollar


Loans was 3.495%1.993% and the interest rate for Base Rate Loans was


5.500% 3.250%. The Co-Borrowers are required to pay a commitment fee ranging from 0.100% to 0.200% per annum on the actual daily unused amount of commitments under the Credit Facility. At March 31, 2019,2020, the commitment fee was 0.100%.
The Credit Facility contains customary representations and warranties as well as customary affirmative and negative covenants, including, among others, limitations on liens, indebtedness, fundamental changes, dispositions, restricted payments and investments. Under the terms of the Credit Facility, Premier GP is not permitted to allow itsGP's consolidated total net leverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Facility) tomay not exceed 3.75 to 1.00 for any period of four consecutive quarters, provided that, in connection with any acquisition for which the aggregate consideration exceeds $250.0 million, the maximum consolidated total net leverage ratio may be increasedincrease to 4.25 to 1.00 for the four consecutive fiscal quarters beginning with the quarter in which such acquisition is completed. In addition, Premier GP must maintain a minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Facility) of 2.50 to 1.00 at the end of every fiscal quarter. Premier GP was in compliance with all such covenants at March 31, 2019.2020.
The Credit Facility also contains customary events of default including, among others, payment defaults, breaches of representations and warranties, covenant defaults, cross-defaults of any indebtedness or guarantees in excess of $75.0 million, bankruptcy and other insolvency events, ERISA-related liabilities and judgment defaults in excess of $50.0 million, and the occurrence of a change of control (as defined in the Credit Facility). If any event of default occurs and is continuing, the administrative agent under the Credit Facility may, with the consent, or shall, at the request of a majority of the lenders under the Credit Facility, terminate the commitments and declare all of the amounts owed under the Credit Facility to be immediately due and payable. The Company may prepay amounts outstanding under the Credit Facility without premium or penalty provided that Co-Borrowers compensate the lenders for losses and expenses incurred as a result of the prepayment of any Eurodollar Loan, as defined in the Credit Facility.
Proceeds from borrowings under the Credit Facility may generally be used to finance ongoing working capital requirements, including permitted acquisitions, discretionary cash settlements of Class B unit exchanges under the Exchange Agreement, repurchases of Class A common stock pursuant to stock repurchase programs, and other general corporate activities. The Company had $250.0 million outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility of $150.0 million at March 31, 2019.
In2020 with $750.0 million of available borrowing capacity after reductions for outstanding borrowings and outstanding letters of credit. On April 2019,27, 2020, the Company repaid $50.0$150.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility.
The above summary does not purport to be complete, and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the complete text of the Credit Facility, as amended, which is filed as an exhibitExhibit 10.24 to the 20182019 Annual Report. See also Note 9 - Debt in ourto the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I of this Quarterly Report.statements.
Member-Owner TRA
WePursuant to the TRAs entered into TRAs with each of our member owners. Pursuant to the TRAs,owners, we will pay member owners 85% of the tax savings, if any, in U.S. federal, foreign, state, and local income and franchise tax that we actually realize (or are deemed to realize, in the case of payments required to be made upon certain occurrences under such TRAs) in connection with the Section 754 election. The election results in adjustments to the tax basis of the assets of Premier LP upon member owner exchanges of Class B common units of Premier LP for Class A common stock of Premier, Inc., cash, or a combination of both. Tax savings are generated as a result of the increases in tax basis resulting from the initial sale of Class B common units, subsequent exchanges (pursuant to the Exchange Agreement), and payments under the TRA.
We had TRA liabilities of $341.4$294.9 million and $255.1$344.1 million at March 31, 20192020 and June 30, 2018,2019, respectively. The $86.3 million increase was primarily attributable to $114.9 million in increaseschange in TRA liabilities was driven by $86.3 million attributable to member departures, $24.6 million in TRA remeasurements primarily due to the change in North Carolina state income tax law and $17.4 million in TRA payments during the nine months ended March 31, 2020. These decreases were partially offset by an increase of $79.0 million in connection with the quarterly member owner exchanges that occurred during the nine months ended March 31, 2019 partially offset by $18.0 million in TRA payments and $10.7 million attributable to member departures during the nine months ended March 31, 2019.2020.
Stock Repurchase Program
On May 7, 2018, the Company's2019, we announced that our Board of Directors approvedauthorized the repurchase of up to $250.0$300.0 million of our outstanding Class A common stock during fiscal year 20192020 as a continuation of our balanced capital deployment strategy. As of March 31, 2019, the Company completed its stock repurchase program, through which2020, we had purchased approximately 6.74.6 million shares of Class A common stock were purchased at an average price of $37.38$32.28 per share for a total purchase price of approximately $250.0$150.0 million. The purchase authorization may be suspended, delayed, or discontinued at any time at the discretion of our Board of Directors. Repurchases are subject to compliance with applicable federal securities laws and our management may, at its discretion, suspend, delay, or discontinue repurchases at any time, based on market conditions, alternate uses of capital, or other factors. We do not currently expect to make additional purchases of our Class A common stock under the repurchase program during the remainder of fiscal year 2020.





Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk.Risk
Our exposure to market risk related primarily to the increase or decrease in the amount of any interest expense we must pay with respect to outstanding debt instruments. At March 31, 2019,2020, we had $150.0$250.0 million in outstanding borrowings under theour Credit Facility. Committed loans may be in the form of Eurodollar Rate Loans or Base Rate Loans (as defined in the Credit Facility) at our option. Eurodollar Loans bear interest at the Eurodollar rateRate (defined as the London Interbank OfferedOffer Rate, or LIBOR,LIBOR), plus the Applicable Rate (defined as a margin based on the Consolidated Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Facility))). Base Rate Loans bear interest at the Base Rate (defined as the highest of the prime rate announced by the administrative agent, the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50%, the one-month LIBOR plus 1.0% and 0.0%) plus the Applicable Rate. The Applicable Rate ranges from 1.000% to 1.500% for Eurodollar Loans and 0.000% to 0.500% for Base Rate Loans. In the event that LIBOR is no longer available, the Credit Facility states that interest will be calculated based upon rates offered to leading banks for comparable loans by leading banks in the London interbank market using an alternative interest rate. At March 31, 2019,2020, the interest rate for three-monthone-month Eurodollar Rate Loans was 3.495%1.993% and the interest rate for Base Rate Loans was 5.500%3.250%.
We invest our excess cash in a portfolio of individual cash equivalents. We do not currently hold, and we have never held, any derivative financial instruments. We do not expect changes in interest rates to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.operations or financial position. We plan to ensure the safety and preservation of our invested funds by limiting default, market, and investment risks. We plan to mitigate default risk by investing in low-risk securities.
Foreign Currency Risk.Risk
Substantially all of our financial transactions are conducted in U.S. dollars. We do not have significant foreign operations and, accordingly, do not believe we have only minimal market risk associated with foreign currencies.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.
As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, we carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon our evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2019.2020.
Management's quarterly evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures did not include an assessment of and conclusion on the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures for Stanson, whichMedpricer.com, Inc., and certain assets of each of Acurity, Inc. and Nexera, Inc., as each was acquired during the nine months ended March 31, 20192020 and is included in our condensed consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 20192020 and for the period from the acquisition date through March 31, 2019. The aggregate2020. These acquisitions accounted for combined total assets and total net revenues of Stanson were not material to8% and 1%, respectively, of the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheetcondensed consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2019. The net revenue generated by Stanson was not material to the Condensed Consolidated Income Statementsand for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2019.2020
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended March 31, 20192020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting, other than as described below under "New Revenue Standard".reporting.
New Revenue Standard
In connection with the adoption of the New Revenue Standard, we have completed the implementation of certain new accounting, data and information related systems in both our Supply Chain Services segment and Performance Services segment. As a result, we have updated the processes that constitute our internal control over financial reporting, as necessary, to accommodate related changes to our accounting procedures and business processes. We will continue to evaluate the implementation of these additional systems and related financial reporting components.

Although the processes that constitute our internal control over financial reporting have been materially affected by the implementation of these new systems, effectiveness testing is ongoing and future changes will require additional testing. We do


not believe that the implementation of these systems has had or will have a material adverse effect on our internal control over financial reporting.



PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
We participate in businesses that are subject to substantial litigation. We are,litigation from time to time,time. We are periodically involved in litigation, arising in the ordinary course of business or otherwise, which from time to time may include claims relating to commercial,contractual disputes, product liability, tort andor personal injury, employment, antitrust, intellectual property regulatory, or other commercial or regulatory matters. If current or future government regulations specifically those with respect to antitrust or healthcare laws, are interpreted or enforced in a manner adverse to us or our business, including without limitation those with respect to antitrust or healthcare laws, we may be subject to enforcement actions, penalties, damages and other material limitations on our business.
In the past,Furthermore, as a public company, we may become subject to stockholder derivative or other similar litigation.
From time to time we have been named as a defendant in severalclass action or other antitrust lawsuits brought by suppliers or purchasers of medical products. Typically, these lawsuits have alleged the existence of a conspiracy among manufacturers of competing products, anddistributors and/or operators of GPOs, including us, to deny the plaintiff access to a market for its products.certain products to raise the prices for products and/or limit the plaintiff's choice of products to buy. We believe that we have at all times conducted our business affairs in an ethical and legally compliant manner and have successfully resolved all such actions. We mayNo assurance can be given that we will not be subjected to similar actions in the future and no assurance can be givenor that any such existing or future matters will be resolved in a manner satisfactory to us or which will not harm our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Additional information relating to certain legal proceedings in which we are involved is included in Note 16 - Commitments and Contingencies to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, which information is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
During the quarter ended March 31, 2019,Except as noted below, there were no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A. "Risk Factors" in the 20182019 Annual Report.
Our financial condition and results of operations for fiscal year 2020 and beyond may be materially adversely affected by the ongoing coronavirus ("COVID-19") pandemic or other widespread public health epidemics
The outbreak of COVID-19 has evolved into a global pandemic. COVID-19 has spread throughout the world, including the United States, Europe and Asia. In addition to those who have been directly affected, millions more have been affected by government and voluntary efforts around the world to slow the spread of the pandemic through quarantines, travel restrictions, heightened border scrutiny and other measures. The full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will impact our business and operating results will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted, including new information that may emerge concerning COVID-19 and the actions to contain it or treat its impact.
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and potential future pandemic outbreaks, we face significant risks including, but not limited to:
Changes in the demand for our products and services. We have experienced and may continue to experience demand uncertainty from both significant increases and decreases in demand as a result of COVID-19. There has been a significant increase in demand for personal protective equipment, drugs and other supplies directly related to treating and preventing the spread of COVID-19. However, either voluntarily or due to government orders or advisories, patients, hospitals and other medical facilities have deferred elective procedures and routine medical visits during the crisis which has created a significant decline in the demand for supplies and services not related to COVID-19. In addition, as a result of our members’ focus on managing COVID-19 and its impacts, we have experienced a decrease in demand for our consulting and other performance service engagements. Furthermore, many of our members' non-acute or non-healthcare facilities, such as education and hospitality businesses, are not currently operational and we may see a material reduction in product sales to those facilities.
Limited access to our member’s facilities impacting our ability to fulfill our contractual requirements. Our member hospitals have reduced or limited hospital access for non-patients, including our field team, consultants and other professionals, and travel restrictions have impacted our employees’ ability to travel to our member’s facilities. While we are able to offer support to members via phone, video conference and internet, a long-term continuation of these circumstances may negatively impact the ability of our employees to more effectively deliver existing or sell new products and services to our members and could affect our performance on our existing contracts.


Materials and personnel shortages and disruptions in supply chain, including manufacturing and shipping. The global supply chain has been significantly disrupted due to stay at home orders, border closings and rapidly escalating shipping costs. Borders closings and restrictions in response to COVID-19, particularly China and India, have impacted our access to products for our members. Staffing or personnel shortages due to shelter in place orders and quarantines have impacted and in the future may impact us and our members or suppliers. In addition, due to unprecedented demand during the COVID-19 pandemic, there are widespread shortages in certain product categories. As of mid-April 2020, we were tracking over 9,000 products in shortage and related closures of manufacturing facilities. In the food service line, COVID-19 related illnesses have impacted food processing suppliers and led to plant closures. If the supply chain for materials used in the products purchased by our members through our GPO or products contract manufactured through our direct sourcing business is adversely impacted by restrictions resulting from COVID-19, our supply chain may be disrupted. Failure of our suppliers, contract manufacturers, distributors, contractors and other business partners to meet their obligations to us, or significant disruptions in their ability to do so, which may be caused by their own financial or operational difficulties, may adversely impact our operations.
Requests for contract modifications, payment deferrals or exercises of force majeure clauses. We have and may continue to receive requests for contract modifications, payment waivers and deferrals, payment reductions or amended payment terms from our contract counterparties. We have and may continue to receive requests to delay service or payment on performance service contracts. In addition, we may receive requests from our suppliers requesting increases to their contracted prices. To date, we have declined price increase requests not allowed by contract terms and conditions, but there is no assurance such increases will not ultimately be implemented. In addition, several pharmacy suppliers have exercised force majeure clauses related to failure to supply clauses in their contracts with us because they are unable to obtain raw materials for manufacturing from India and China. The standard failure to supply language in our contracts contains financial penalties to suppliers if they are unable to supply products, which such suppliers may not be able to pay. In addition, we may not be able to source products from alternative suppliers on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.
Overall economic and capital markets decline. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic could result in a prolonged recession or depression in the United States or globally that could harm the banking system, limit demand for all products and services and cause other seen and unforeseen events and circumstances, all of which could negatively impact us. The continued spread of COVID-19 has led to and could continue to lead to severe disruption and volatility in the United States and global capital markets, which could increase our cost of capital and adversely affect our ability to access the capital markets in the future. In addition, trading prices on the public stock market, including our Class A common stock, have been highly volatile as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Managing the evolving regulatory environment. In response to COVID-19, federal, state and local governments are issuing new rules, regulations, orders and advisories on a regular basis. These government actions can impact us, our members and our suppliers.
The ultimate impact of COVID-19 on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows is dependent on future developments, including the duration of the pandemic and the related length of its impact on the United States and global economies, which are uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time. To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, it may also heighten many of the other risks described in this section and in the "Risk Factors" section of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K. Despite our efforts to manage these impacts, their ultimate impact depends on factors beyond our knowledge or control, including the duration and severity of any outbreak and actions taken to contain its spread and mitigate its public health effects. The foregoing and other continued disruptions in our business as a result of COVID-19 could result in a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, prospects and the trading prices of our securities in the near-term and beyond 2020.


Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Purchases of Equity Securities
On May 7, 2018,2019, we announced that our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $250.0$300.0 million of our outstanding Class A common stock during fiscal 20192020 as parta continuation of aour balanced capital deployment strategy. Subject to compliance with applicable federal securities laws, repurchases were authorized to be made from time to time in open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions, or other transactions, including trades under a plan established in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All repurchases of our Class A common stock were recorded as treasury shares. The following table summarizes information relating to repurchases of our Class A common stock for the quarter ended March 31, 2019.2020.
PeriodTotal Number of Shares Purchased
Average Price Paid per Share ($) (1)
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Program (in millions)(2)
January 1 through January 31, 20191,286,252
$38.89
1,286,252
$91
February 1 through February 28, 20191,112,268
$37.33
1,112,268
$49
March 1 through March 31, 20191,419,978
$34.50
1,419,978
$
Total3,818,498
$36.81
3,818,498
$
PeriodTotal Number of Shares Purchased
Average Price Paid per Share ($) (1)
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Program (in millions)(2)
January 1 through January 31, 202042,516
$35.89
42,516
$150
February 1 through February 29, 2020


150
March 1 through March 31, 2020


150
Total42,516

42,516
$150
(1)Average price paid per share excludes fees and commissions.
(2)From the stock repurchase program's inception through March 31, 2019,2020, we purchased approximately 6.74.6 million shares of Class A common stock at an average price of $37.38$32.28 per share for a total of $250.0$150.0 million.


Item 5. Other Information.
Stock Repurchase Program Authorization
On May 7, 2019, the Company announced that its BoardWe do not currently expect to make additional purchases of Directors approved the repurchase of up to $300 million of the Company'sour Class A common stock during fiscal year 2020 through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions. In order to initiateunder the repurchase program the Company expects to execute the necessary agreements and documentation with one or more financial institutions during the next open trading window under the Company's insider trading policy. There can be no assurance, however, as to when or whether the repurchase program will be ultimately initiated or regarding numberremainder of shares of Class A common stock, if any, purchased under the program. The Company will provide additional details regarding the repurchase program, if adopted and initiated, in future filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. See "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements."fiscal year 2020.




Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibit No. Description
2.1
2.1.1
10.1
31.1 
31.2 
32.1 
32.2 
101 Sections of the Premier, Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2018,March 31, 2020, formatted in XBRL (eXtensibleiXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language), submitted in the following files:
101.INSXBRL Instance Document.*
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.*
101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.*
101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.*
101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.*
101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.*
104The cover page from the Premier, Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, formatted in Inline XBRL (included in Exhibit 101).*
*    Filed herewith.
‡    Furnished herewith.




SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Quarterly Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
     PREMIER, INC.
     
Date:May 7, 20195, 2020 By: /s/ Craig S. McKasson
   Name: Craig S. McKasson
   Title: Chief Administrative and Financial Officer and Senior Vice President
     Signing on behalf of the registrant and as principal financial officer and principal accounting officer


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