UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to __________

Commission File Number: 001-36437

Dorian LPG Ltd.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Marshall Islands		66-0818228
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
c/o Dorian LPG (USA) LLC
27 Signal Road, Stamford, CT		06902
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (203) 674-9900

Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report: Not Applicable

SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:


Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share	LPG	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated ~~filer~~ ☐	~~Accelerated~~ filer ☒	Accelerated filer ☐	Non-accelerated filer ☐
Smaller reporting company ☐	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of January ~~27, 2023,~~26, 2024, there were ~~40,350,535~~40,593,079 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

Table of Contents

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “PSLRA”), including analyses and other information based on forecasts of future results and estimates of amounts not yet determinable and statements relating to our future prospects, developments and business strategies. ~~Such~~We intend for these forward-looking statements are intended to be covered by the safe harbor provided for under the sections referenced in the immediately preceding sentence and the PSLRA. Forward-looking statements are ~~generally~~ identified by their use of terms and phrases such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “intend,” “likely,” “may,” “might,” “pending,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “seeks,” “should,” “targets,” “will,” “would,” and similar expressions, terms and phrases, including references to ~~assumptions.~~assumptions. Where we express an expectation or belief as to future events or results, such expectation or belief is expressed in good faith and believed to have a reasonable basis. However, our forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, and other factors, which could cause actual future activities and results of operations to differ materially from future results expressed, projected, or implied by those forward-looking statements in this quarterly report.

These risks include the risks that are identified in the “Risk Factors” section of this quarterly report and of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, and also include, among others, risks associated with the following:

●

our future operating or financial results;

●

our business strategies, including with respect to acquisitions and chartering, and expected capital spending or operating expenses, as well as any difficulty we may have in managing planned growth properly;

●

the strength of world economies;

●

shipping trends, including changes in charter rates applicable to alternative propulsion technologies, exhaust gas cleaning system (commonly referred to as a “scrubber”) equipped and non-scrubber equipped vessels, scrapping rates and vessel and other asset values;

●

changes in trading patterns that impact tonnage requirements, including without limitation, changes resulting from the current war in ~~Ukraine;~~Ukraine, and the armed conflict in Israel and Gaza and the related Houthi vessel attacks in the Red Sea, which has resulted in companies re-routing vessels around the Cape of Good Hope rather than transiting through the Suez Canal and/or the Red Sea;

●

compliance with laws, treaties, rules, regulations and policies (including amendments or other changes thereto) applicable to the liquefied petroleum gas, or LPG, shipping industry, including, without limitation, legislation adopted by international organizations such as the International Maritime Organization and the European Union or by individual countries, as well as the impact and costs of our compliance with, and the potential of liability under, such laws, treaties, rules, regulations and policies;

●

investors’, banks’, counterparties’ and other stakeholders’ increasing emphasis on environmental and safety concerns and increasing scrutiny and changing expectations with respect to public company Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) policies and costs related to compliance with ESG measures;

●

general economic conditions and specific economic conditions in the oil and natural gas industry and the countries and regions where LPG is produced and consumed, including the impact of central bank policies, intended to combat inflation and rising interest rates, on the demand for LPG;

●

completion of infrastructure projects to support marine transportation of LPG, including export terminals and pipelines;

Table of Contents

●

factors affecting supply of and demand for LPG including propane, butane, isobutane, propylene and mixtures of these gases, LPG shipping, and LPG vessels, including, among other things: the production levels, price and worldwide consumption and storage of oil, refined petroleum products and natural gas, including production from United States shale fields; any oversupply of or limited demand for LPG vessels comparable to ours or higher specification vessels; trade conflicts and the imposition of tariffs or otherwise

~~Table of Contents~~

on LPG resulting from domestic and international political and geopolitical conditions or events, including “trade wars”, the ongoing conflict between Russia and ~~Ukraine;~~Ukraine, the developments in the Middle East, including the armed conflict in Israel and Gaza and the related Houthi's vessel attacks in the Red Sea; and shifts in consumer demand from LPG towards other energy sources;

●

any decrease in the value of the charter-free market values of our vessels or reduction in our charter hire rates and profitability associated with such vessels as a result of increase in the supply of or decrease in the demand for LPG, LPG shipping or LPG vessels;

●

business disruptions, including supply chain issues, due to damage to storage or receiving facilities, or natural disasters;

●

greater than anticipated levels of LPG vessel newbuilding orders or lower than anticipated rates of LPG vessel scrapping;

●

the aging of the Company’s fleet which could result in increased operating costs, impairment or loss of hire;

●

our ability to profitably employ our vessels, including vessels participating in the Helios Pool (defined below);

●

unavailability of spot charters and the volatility of prevailing spot market charter rates, which may affect our ability to realize the expected benefits from our time chartered-in vessels, including those in the Helios Pool;

●

failure of our charterers or other counterparties to meet their obligations under our charter agreements;

●

shareholders’ reliance on us to enforce our rights against contract counterparties;

●

competition in the LPG shipping industry, including our ability to compete successfully for future chartering opportunities and newbuilding opportunities (if any);

●

future purchase prices of newbuildings and secondhand vessels and timely deliveries of such vessels (if any) and, relatedly, the risks associated with the purchase of second-hand vessels;

●

the performance of the Helios Pool, including the failure of its significant customers to perform their obligations and the loss or reduction in business from its significant customers (or if the same were to occur with respect to our significant customers);

●

the availability of ~~(and~~and our ability to obtain ~~such)~~such financing and capital to refinance existing indebtedness and to fund capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes, the terms of such financing or capital and our ability to comply with the restrictions and other covenants set forth in our existing and future debt agreements and financing arrangements (and our ability to repay or refinance our existing debt and settling of interest rate swaps, if any);

●

our costs, including crew wages, insurance, provisions, repairs and maintenance, general and administrative expenses, drydocking, and bunker prices, as applicable;

Table of Contents

●

any inability to retain and recruit qualified key executives, key employees, key consultants or skilled workers and, relatedly, our dependence on key personnel and the availability of skilled workers, and the related labor costs, including as a result of the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine;

●

the potential difference in interests between or among certain of our directors, officers, key executives and shareholders;

~~Table of Contents~~

●

quality and efficiency requirements from customers and applicable laws and regulations and developments regarding the technologies relating to ~~oil exploration~~the LPG sector and the effects of and our ability to implement new products and new technology available in our industry, including with respect to equipment propulsion and overall vessel efficiency, including the reduction of traditional emissions;

●

potential ~~changes~~new environmental regulations and restrictions in ~~regulation that would require~~respect of decarbonization, whether at a global level stipulated by the International Maritime Organization, including the recently adopted strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in international shipping by the Marine Environment Protection Committee at its 80th session in July 2023, or imposed by regional or national authorities, affecting fuel costs, vessel speeds, equipment requirements or other alterations or adjustments, including the installation of Engine Power Limitation (EPL) systems, that could impose additional costs of operations on our vessels to reduce fuel use and carbon emissions, and increase the level of energy efficiency or, more generally, changes in global regional, and local regulatory requirements in respect of decarbonization, which could affect fuel cost, vessel speeds, or trading areas and could impose costs on certain air emissions;business;

●

operating hazards in the maritime transportation industry, and catastrophic events, including accidents, political events, public health threats (including the outbreak of communicable diseases), international hostilities and instability, armed conflict, piracy, attacks on vessels or other petroleum-related infrastructures and acts by terrorists, which may cause potential disruption of shipping routes;

●

the length and severity of ~~the ongoing coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19),~~epidemics and other public health concerns, including ~~its~~any impact on the demand for commercial seaborne transportation of LPG, supply chain disruptions and the condition of financial markets and the potential associated impacts to our global operations;

●

business disruptions due to natural disasters or adverse weather outside of our control;

●

the adequacy of our insurance coverage in the event of a catastrophic event;

●

the failure to protect our information systems against security breaches, or the failure or unavailability of these systems for a significant period;

●

the arresting or attachment of one or more of our vessels by maritime claimants;

●

compliance with and changes to governmental, tax, environmental and safety laws and regulations, which may add to our costs or the costs of our customers;

●

fluctuations in currencies, foreign exchange rates, and interest rates including, but not limited to, the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) ~~and the London Interbank Offered Rate for US Dollars (“LIBOR”)~~;

●

the impact of the discontinuance of LIBOR after June 30, 2023 on any of our debt referencing LIBOR in the interest rate or any impacts from the use of SOFR or such other benchmarks as we may be required to use;

●

compliance with the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, the United Kingdom Bribery Act 2010, or other applicable regulations relating to bribery;

●

the volatility of the price of shares of our common stock (our “common shares”) and future sales of our common shares;

●

our incorporation under the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the different rights to relief that may be available compared to other countries, including the United States;

Table of Contents

●

congestion at or blockages of ports or ~~canals;~~canals, including drought conditions at the Panama Canal;

●

any developments in the existing Panama Canal transportation structure as a result of the study announced by the Panamanian government and Energy Transfer LP to analyze the prospects of building an LPG pipeline, potentially running beside the existing Panama Canal and linking the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean;

~~Table of Contents~~

●

if we are required to pay tax on U.S. source income;

●

if we are treated as a “passive foreign investment company”; and

●

other factors detailed in this report and from time to time in our periodic reports.

Actual results could differ materially from expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements if one or more of the underlying assumptions or expectations ~~proves~~prove to be inaccurate or is not realized. You should thoroughly read this report with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from and worse than what we expect. Other sections of this report include additional factors that could adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors and uncertainties emerge from time to time and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors and uncertainties, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. We qualify all of the forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

We caution readers of this report not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statements contained herein are made only as of the date of this report, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

As used in this quarterly report and unless otherwise indicated, references to “Dorian,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us,” or similar terms refer to Dorian LPG Ltd. and its subsidiaries.

Table of Contents

Dorian LPG Ltd.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1.		FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and March 31, ~~2022~~2023	1
		Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022	2
		Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the nine months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022	3
		Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022	4
		Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	5

ITEM 2.		MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	2019
ITEM 3.		QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	3231
ITEM 4.		CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	3231


PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.		LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	3332
ITEM 1A.		RISK FACTORS	3332
ITEM 5.		OTHER INFORMATION	32
ITEM 6.		EXHIBITS	3332

EXHIBIT INDEX			3433
SIGNATURES			3534

Table of Contents

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Dorian LPG Ltd.

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Expressed in United States Dollars, except for share data)


	As of		As of		As of		As of
	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2022		December 31, 2023		March 31, 2023
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	129,816,670	$	236,758,927	$	208,460,209	$	148,797,232
Trade receivables, net and accrued revenues		8,290,143		853,060		2,782,267		3,282,256
Due from related parties		77,922,053		57,782,831		110,558,735		73,070,095
Inventories		2,612,904		2,266,351		2,573,110		2,642,395
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		9,415,894		10,232,083		14,955,165		8,507,007
Total current assets		228,057,664		307,893,252		339,329,486		236,298,985
Fixed assets
Vessels, net		1,193,974,225		1,238,061,690		1,224,003,052		1,263,928,605
Vessel under construction		26,045,036		16,401,532		26,346		—
Other fixed assets, net		37,241		54,101		—		48,213
Total fixed assets		1,220,056,502		1,254,517,323		1,224,029,398		1,263,976,818
Other non-current assets
Deferred charges, net		8,945,598		9,839,000		12,162,891		8,367,301
Derivative instruments		11,359,543		6,512,479		7,628,093		9,278,544
Due from related parties—non-current		20,900,000		19,800,000		25,300,000		20,900,000
Restricted cash—non-current		75,360		77,987		77,327		76,418
Operating lease right-of-use assets		38,877,468		8,087,014		199,554,138		158,179,398
Available-for-sale securities						9,717,520		11,366,838
Other non-current assets		2,134,886		635,038		2,536,765		469,227
Total assets	$	1,530,407,021	$	1,607,362,093	$	1,820,335,618	$	1,708,913,529
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
Current liabilities
Trade accounts payable	$	9,965,969	$	9,541,131	$	11,435,017	$	10,807,376
Accrued expenses		6,201,359		3,801,448		4,170,170		5,637,725
Due to related parties		6,041,597		37,433		159,748		168,793
Deferred income		117,410		813,967		417,408		208,558
Current portion of long-term operating lease liabilities		8,396,020		8,073,364		31,942,176		23,407,555
Current portion of long-term debt		52,136,738		72,075,571		53,433,423		53,110,676
Dividends payable		1,011,126		494,180		893,155		1,255,861
Total current liabilities		83,870,219		94,837,094		102,451,097		94,596,544
Long-term liabilities
Long-term debt—net of current portion and deferred financing fees		577,202,083		590,687,387		564,686,247		604,256,670
Long-term operating lease liabilities		30,488,622		—		167,628,339		134,782,483
Other long-term liabilities		1,518,817		1,686,197		1,511,619		1,431,510
Total long-term liabilities		609,209,522		592,373,584		733,826,205		740,470,663
Total liabilities		693,079,741		687,210,678		836,277,302		835,067,207
Commitments and contingencies						—		—
Shareholders’ equity
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized, none issued nor outstanding		—		—		—		—
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 450,000,000 shares authorized, 51,595,898 and 51,321,695 shares issued, 40,350,535 and 40,185,042 shares outstanding (net of treasury stock), as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, respectively		515,960		513,217
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 450,000,000 shares authorized, 51,955,408 and 51,630,593 shares issued, 40,607,892 and 40,382,730 shares outstanding (net of treasury stock), as of December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively						519,554		516,306
Additional paid-in-capital		763,547,096		760,105,994		770,720,529		764,383,292
Treasury stock, at cost; 11,245,363 and 11,136,653 shares as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, respectively		(122,896,838)		(121,226,936)
Treasury stock, at cost; 11,347,516 and 11,247,863 shares as of December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively						(125,670,534)		(122,896,838)
Retained earnings		196,161,062		280,759,140		338,488,767		231,843,562
Total shareholders’ equity		837,327,280		920,151,415		984,058,316		873,846,322
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	1,530,407,021	$	1,607,362,093	$	1,820,335,618	$	1,708,913,529

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited ~~interim~~ condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

Dorian LPG Ltd.

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Expressed in United States Dollars)


	Three months ended				Nine months ended				Three months ended				Nine months ended
	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Revenues
Net pool revenues—related party	$	96,558,251	$	62,856,243	$	237,314,421	$	174,739,894	$	155,922,970	$	96,558,251	$	398,160,923	$	237,314,421
Time charter revenues		5,971,056		5,301,134		17,410,513		15,915,876		6,410,997		5,971,056		19,310,237		17,410,513
Other revenues, net		792,949		442,405		1,389,231		3,981,608		730,536		792,949		1,854,712		1,389,231
Total revenues		103,322,256		68,599,782		256,114,165		194,637,378		163,064,503		103,322,256		419,325,872		256,114,165
Expenses
Voyage expenses		424,343		779,746		2,567,506		3,200,751		772,879		424,343		2,292,490		2,567,506
Charter hire expenses		5,215,144		4,917,012		15,975,622		10,829,050		8,359,808		5,215,144		30,975,037		15,975,622
Vessel operating expenses		17,919,058		18,205,762		52,541,678		56,916,054		19,196,097		17,919,058		60,015,602		52,541,678
Depreciation and amortization		15,959,727		16,859,224		47,706,925		50,771,237		17,380,846		15,959,727		51,082,082		47,706,925
General and administrative expenses		6,947,964		5,867,454		24,537,134		23,257,989		7,659,466		6,947,964		30,456,251		24,537,134
Total expenses		46,466,236		46,629,198		143,328,865		144,975,081		53,369,096		46,466,236		174,821,462		143,328,865
Gain on disposal of vessels		—		—		—		3,466,210
Other income—related parties		638,055		580,388		1,793,595		1,793,663		645,454		638,055		1,946,837		1,793,595
Operating income		57,494,075		22,550,972		114,578,895		54,922,170		110,340,861		57,494,075		246,451,247		114,578,895
Other income/(expenses)
Interest and finance costs		(8,636,387)		(7,412,231)		(28,592,104)		(18,619,712)		(10,076,638)		(8,636,387)		(30,795,368)		(28,592,104)
Interest income		1,165,596		53,792		2,341,085		279,195		2,903,622		1,165,596		6,624,594		2,341,085
Unrealized gain/(loss) on derivatives		(700,015)		3,056,741		4,847,064		4,205,465		(6,070,320)		(700,015)		(1,650,452)		4,847,064
Realized gain/(loss) on derivatives		1,404,004		(895,782)		1,997,815		(2,714,337)
Realized gain on derivatives										1,916,347		1,404,004		5,692,328		1,997,815
Other gain/(loss), net		536,437		(772,607)		1,250,140		(1,520,993)		959,041		536,437		1,884,366		1,250,140
Total other income/(expenses), net		(6,230,365)		(5,970,087)		(18,156,000)		(18,370,382)		(10,367,948)		(6,230,365)		(18,244,532)		(18,156,000)
Net income	$	51,263,710	$	16,580,885	$	96,422,895	$	36,551,788	$	99,972,913	$	51,263,710	$	228,206,715	$	96,422,895

Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic		40,091,299		39,890,674		40,004,100		40,305,902		40,350,476		40,091,299		40,202,758		40,004,100
Diluted		40,254,774		40,025,399		40,178,642		40,460,665		40,507,503		40,254,774		40,371,134		40,178,642

Earnings per common share—basic	$	1.28	$	0.42	$	2.41	$	0.91	$	2.48	$	1.28	$	5.68	$	2.41
Earnings per common share—diluted	$	1.27	$	0.41	$	2.40	$	0.90	$	2.47	$	1.27	$	5.65	$	2.40

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited ~~interim~~ condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

Dorian LPG Ltd.

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

(Expressed in United States Dollars, except for number of shares)


	Number of					Additional
	common	Common		Treasury		paid-in		Retained
	shares	stock		stock		capital		Earnings		Total
Balance, April 1, 2021	51,071,409	$	510,715	$	(99,862,114)	$	756,776,217	$	289,400,512	$	946,825,330
Net income for the period	—		—		—		—		5,869,100		5,869,100
Restricted share award issuances	15,800		158		—		(158)		—		—
Stock-based compensation	—		—		—		647,124		—		647,124
Purchase of treasury stock	—		—		(14,793,180)		—		—		(14,793,180)
Balance, June 30, 2021	51,087,209	$	510,873	$	(114,655,294)	$	757,423,183	$	295,269,612	$	938,548,374
Net income for the period	—		—		—		—		14,101,803		14,101,803
Restricted share award issuances	188,400		1,884		—		(1,884)		—		—
Dividend	—		—		—		—		(40,437,434)		(40,437,434)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		—		1,290,254		—		1,290,254
Purchase of treasury stock	—		—		(6,553,707)		—		—		(6,553,707)
Balance, September 30, 2021	51,275,609	$	512,757	$	(121,209,001)	$	758,711,553	$	268,933,981	$	906,949,290
Net income for the period	—		—		—		—		16,580,885		16,580,885
Restricted share award issuances	—		—		—		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation	—		—		—		678,823		—		678,823
Purchase of treasury stock	—		—		(17,935)		—		—		(17,935)
Balance, December 31, 2021	51,275,609	$	512,757	$	(121,226,936)	$	759,390,376	$	285,514,866	$	924,191,063

	Number of					Additional						Number of					Additional
	common	Common		Treasury		paid-in		Retained				common	Common		Treasury		paid-in		Retained
	shares	stock		stock		capital		Earnings		Total		shares	stock		stock		capital		Earnings		Total
Balance, April 1, 2022	51,321,695	$	513,217	$	(121,226,936)	$	760,105,994	$	280,759,140	$	920,151,415	51,321,695	$	513,217	$	(121,226,936)	$	760,105,994	$	280,759,140	$	920,151,415
Net income for the period	—		—		—		—		24,847,720		24,847,720	—		—		—		—		24,847,720		24,847,720
Restricted share award issuances	15,750		158		—		(158)		—		—	15,750		158		—		(158)		—		—
Dividend	—		—		—		—		(100,337,605)		(100,337,605)
Dividend ($2.50 per common share)												—		—		—		—		(100,337,605)		(100,337,605)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		—		658,872		—		658,872	—		—		—		658,872		—		658,872
Purchase of treasury stock	—		—		(971,067)		—		—		(971,067)	—		—		(971,067)		—		—		(971,067)
Balance, June 30, 2022	51,337,445	$	513,375	$	(122,198,003)	$	760,764,708	$	205,269,255	$	844,349,335	51,337,445	$	513,375	$	(122,198,003)	$	760,764,708	$	205,269,255	$	844,349,335
Net income for the period	—		—		—		—		20,311,465		20,311,465	—		—		—		—		20,311,465		20,311,465
Restricted share award issuances	240,751		2,408		—		(2,408)		—		—	240,751		2,408		—		(2,408)		—		—
Dividend	—		—		—		—		(40,332,833)		(40,332,833)
Dividend ($1.00 per common share)												—		—		—		—		(40,332,833)		(40,332,833)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		—		1,740,328		—		1,740,328	—		—		—		1,740,328		—		1,740,328
Purchase of treasury stock	—		—		(698,835)		—		—		(698,835)	—		—		(698,835)		—		—		(698,835)
Balance, September 30, 2022	51,578,196	$	515,783	$	(122,896,838)	$	762,502,628	$	185,247,887	$	825,369,460	51,578,196	$	515,783	$	(122,896,838)	$	762,502,628	$	185,247,887	$	825,369,460
Net income for the period	—		—		—		—		51,263,710		51,263,710	—		—		—		—		51,263,710		51,263,710
Restricted share award issuances	17,702		177		—		(177)		—		—	17,702		177		—		(177)		—		—
Dividend	—		—		—		—		(40,350,535)		(40,350,535)
Dividend ($1.00 per common share)												—		—		—		—		(40,350,535)		(40,350,535)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		—		1,044,645		—		1,044,645	—		—		—		1,044,645		—		1,044,645
Balance, December 31, 2022	51,595,898	$	515,960	$	(122,896,838)	$	763,547,096	$	196,161,062	$	837,327,280	51,595,898	$	515,960	$	(122,896,838)	$	763,547,096	$	196,161,062	$	837,327,280


												Number of					Additional
												common	Common		Treasury		paid-in		Retained
												shares	stock		stock		capital		Earnings		Total
Balance, April 1, 2023												51,630,593	$	516,306	$	(122,896,838)	$	764,383,292	$	231,843,562	$	873,846,322
Net income for the period												—		—		—		—		51,721,137		51,721,137
Restricted share award issuances												23,750		238		—		(238)		—		—
Dividend ($1.00 per common share)												—		—		—		—		(40,382,730)		(40,382,730)
Stock-based compensation												—		—		—		776,607		—		776,607
Purchase of treasury stock												—		—		(352,627)		—		—		(352,627)
Balance, June 30, 2023												51,654,343	$	516,544	$	(123,249,465)	$	765,159,661	$	243,181,969	$	885,608,709
Net income for the period												—		—		—		—		76,512,665		76,512,665
Restricted share award issuances												301,065		3,010		—		(3,010)		—		—
Dividend ($1.00 per common share)												—		—		—		—		(40,570,888)		(40,570,888)
Stock-based compensation												—		—		—		4,179,798		—		4,179,798
Purchase of treasury stock												—		—		(2,421,069)		—		—		(2,421,069)
Balance, September 30, 2023												51,955,408	$	519,554	$	(125,670,534)	$	769,336,449	$	279,123,746	$	923,309,215
Net income for the period												—		—		—		—		99,972,913		99,972,913
Dividend ($1.00 per common share)												—		—		—		—		(40,607,892)		(40,607,892)
Stock-based compensation												—		—		—		1,384,080		—		1,384,080
Balance, December 31, 2023												51,955,408	$	519,554	$	(125,670,534)	$	770,720,529	$	338,488,767	$	984,058,316

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited ~~interim~~ condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

Dorian LPG Ltd.

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash ~~Flow~~sFlows

(Expressed in United States Dollars)

Nine months ended

December 31, 2022

December 31, 2021

Cash flows from operating activities:

Net income

$
96,422,895

$
36,551,788

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

Depreciation and amortization

47,706,925

50,771,237

Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets

7,196,279

7,148,483

Amortization of financing costs

5,210,541

3,232,626

Unrealized gain on derivatives

(4,847,064)

(4,205,465)

Stock-based compensation expense

3,443,845

2,616,201

Gain on disposal of vessel

—

(3,466,210)

Unrealized foreign currency (gain)/loss, net

527,028

205,279

Other non-cash items, net

(1,743,887)

1,342,894

Changes in operating assets and liabilities

Trade receivables, net and accrued revenue

(7,437,083)

202,221
��
Prepaid expenses and other current assets

274,780

(960,151)

Due from related parties

(21,239,222)

10,148,374

Inventories

(346,553)

(408,693)

Other non-current assets

310,393

(11,743)

Operating lease liabilities—current and long-term

(7,150,782)

(7,158,734)

Trade accounts payable

(376,919)

(352,460)

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

2,392,779

(3,998,726)

Due to related parties

6,004,164

242,879

Payments for drydocking costs

(304,514)

(3,128,235)

Net cash provided by operating activities

126,043,605

88,771,565

Cash flows from investing activities:

Payments for vessel under construction and vessel capital expenditures

(10,139,570)

(22,225,882)

Purchase of long-term investments

(1,801,582)

—

Purchase of investment securities

—

(2,250,681)

Proceeds from sale of investment securities

2,003,458

3,742,429

Proceeds from disposal of vessel

—

43,283,021

Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities

(9,937,694)

22,548,887

Cash flows from financing activities:

Proceeds from long-term debt borrowings

290,000,000

83,400,000

Repayment of long-term debt borrowings

(324,390,585)

(100,526,209)

Repurchase of common stock

(1,669,902)

(21,346,885)

Financing costs paid

(6,266,267)

(1,357,545)

Dividends paid

(180,504,027)

(40,210,344)

Net cash used in financing activities

(222,830,781)

(80,040,983)

Effects of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents

(220,014)

(119,817)

Net increase/(decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

(106,944,884)

31,159,652

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at the beginning of the period

236,836,914

84,727,199

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at the end of the period

$
129,892,030

$
115,886,851


	Nine months ended
	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	228,206,715	$	96,422,895
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		51,082,082		47,706,925
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets		21,280,972		7,196,279
Amortization of financing costs		927,988		5,210,541
Unrealized (gain)/loss on derivatives		1,650,452		(4,847,064)
Stock-based compensation expense		6,340,485		3,443,845
Unrealized foreign currency (gain)/loss, net		217,774		527,028
Other non-cash items, net		(2,964,462)		(1,743,887)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Trade receivables, net and accrued revenue		499,989		(7,437,083)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(4,975,935)		274,780
Due from related parties		(41,888,640)		(21,239,222)
Inventories		69,285		(346,553)
Other non-current assets		2,130,087		310,393
Operating lease liabilities—current and long-term		(20,375,268)		(7,150,782)
Trade accounts payable		(115,232)		(376,919)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		(1,588,974)		2,392,779
Due to related parties		(9,045)		6,004,164
Payments for drydocking costs		(6,279,438)		(304,514)
Net cash provided by operating activities		234,208,835		126,043,605
Cash flows from investing activities:
Payments for vessels under construction and vessel capital expenditures		(7,951,447)		(10,139,570)
Purchase of investment securities		(5,978,390)		—
Purchase of U.S. treasury notes		—		(1,801,582)
Proceeds from sale of investment securities		4,029,944		2,003,458
Net cash used in investing activities		(9,899,893)		(9,937,694)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from long-term debt borrowings		—		290,000,000
Repayment of long-term debt borrowings		(39,793,164)		(324,390,585)
Repurchase of common stock		(2,773,696)		(1,669,902)
Financing costs paid		—		(6,266,267)
Dividends paid		(121,924,216)		(180,504,027)
Net cash used in financing activities		(164,491,076)		(222,830,781)
Effects of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents		(153,980)		(220,014)
Net increase/(decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		59,663,886		(106,944,884)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at the beginning of the period		148,873,650		236,836,914
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at the end of the period	$	208,537,536	$	129,892,030
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest excluding interest capitalized to vessels	$	28,850,983	$	22,023,110
Cash paid for operating leases		31,317,200		7,571,739
Capitalized drydocking costs included in liabilities		735,747		921,743
Vessel-related capital expenditures included in liabilities		1,563,580		1,121,371
Unpaid dividends included in liabilities		893,155		1,011,126
Financing costs included in liabilities		1,112,750		469,600

Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets to the total amount of such items reported in the statements of cash flows:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	208,460,209	$	129,816,670
Restricted cash—non-current		77,327		75,360
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period shown in the statement of cash flows	$	208,537,536	$	129,892,030

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited ~~interim~~ condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

Dorian LPG Ltd.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial ~~Statement~~sStatements

(Expressed in United States Dollars)

1. Basis of Presentation and General Information

Dorian LPG Ltd. (“Dorian”) was incorporated on July 1, 2013 under the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, is headquartered in the United States, and is engaged in the transportation of liquefied petroleum gas (“LPG”) worldwide. Specifically, Dorian and its subsidiaries (together “we”, “us”, “our”, or the “Company”) are focused on owning and operating very large gas carriers (“VLGCs”), each with a cargo carrying capacity of greater than 80,000 cbm, in the LPG shipping industry. As of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, our fleet consists of ~~twenty-two~~twenty-five VLGCs, including one dual-fuel 84,000 cbm ECO-design VLGC, or our Dual-fuel ECO VLGC; nineteen fuel-efficient 84,000 cbm ECO-design VLGCs, ~~(“ECO-VLGCs”),~~or our ECO VLGCs; one 82,000 cbm ~~VLGC and two~~modern VLGC; three time chartered-in ~~ECO-VLGCs.~~dual-fuel Panamax size VLGCs; and one time chartered-in ECO VLGC. The dual-fuel Panamax size VLGC that we took delivery of on July 10, 2023 is equipped with a shaft generator, which generates additional electricity that can be used to reduce fuel consumption and carbon emissions. As of December 31, ~~2022, thirteen~~2023, fifteen of our ECO-VLGCs, including one of our time chartered-in ECO-VLGCs, are equipped with exhaust gas cleaning systems (commonly referred to as “scrubbers”) to reduce sulfur emissions. WeAs of December 31, 2023, we have additional commitments related to scrubbers on ~~an additional three~~one of our VLGCs. We provide in-house commercial management services for all of our vessels, including our vessels deployed in the Helios Pool (defined below), which may also receive commercial management services from ~~Phoenix~~MOL Energia (defined below). Excluding our time chartered-in vessels, we provide in-house technical management services for all of our vessels, including our vessels deployed in the Helios ~~Pool (defined below).~~Pool. On November 24, 2023, we entered into a shipbuilding contract for a newbuilding Very Large Gas Carrier / Ammonia Carrier (“VLGC/AC’) with a cargo carrying capacity of 93,000 cbm that can transport LPG or ammonia and is expected to be delivered from Hanwha Ocean Co. Ltd. in the third calendar quarter of 2026.

On April 1, 2015, Dorian and MOL Energia Pte. Ltd. (“MOL Energia”), formerly known as Phoenix Tankers Pte. Ltd. ~~(“Phoenix”)~~, began operations of Helios LPG Pool LLC (the “Helios Pool”), which entered into pool participation agreements for the purpose of establishing and operating, as charterer, under variable rate time charters to be entered into with owners or disponent owners of VLGCs, a commercial pool of VLGCs whereby revenues and expenses are shared. Refer to Note 3 below for further description of the Helios Pool.

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and related Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules for interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In our opinion, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring items, necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, operating results and cash flows have been included in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes for the year ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on June 2, ~~2022.~~2023.

Our interim results are subject to seasonal and other fluctuations, and the operating results for any quarter are therefore not necessarily indicative of results that may be otherwise expected for the entire year.

Table of Contents

Our subsidiaries as of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, which are all wholly-owned and are incorporated in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (unless otherwise noted), are listed below.

Vessel Subsidiaries

Type of






Subsidiary

vessel

Vessel’s name

Built

CBM⁽¹⁾

CJNP LPG Transport LLC

VLGC

Captain John NP

2007

82,000

Comet LPG Transport LLC

VLGC

Comet

2014

84,000

Corsair LPG Transport LLC

VLGC

Corsair⁽²⁾

2014

84,000

Corvette LPG Transport LLC

VLGC

Corvette

2015

84,000

Dorian Shanghai LPG Transport LLC

VLGC

Cougar⁽²⁾

2015

84,000

Concorde LPG Transport LLC

VLGC

Concorde

2015

84,000

Dorian Houston LPG Transport LLC

VLGC

Cobra

2015

84,000

Dorian Sao Paulo LPG Transport LLC

VLGC

Continental

2015

84,000

Dorian Ulsan LPG Transport LLC

VLGC

Constitution

2015

84,000

Dorian Amsterdam LPG Transport LLC

VLGC

Commodore

2015

84,000

Dorian Dubai LPG Transport LLC

VLGC

Cresques⁽²⁾

2015

84,000

Constellation LPG Transport LLC

VLGC

Constellation

2015

84,000

Dorian Monaco LPG Transport LLC

VLGC

Cheyenne

2015

84,000

Dorian Barcelona LPG Transport LLC

VLGC

Clermont

2015

84,000

Dorian Geneva LPG Transport LLC

VLGC

Cratis⁽²⁾

2015

84,000

Dorian Cape Town LPG Transport LLC

VLGC

Chaparral⁽²⁾

2015

84,000

Dorian Tokyo LPG Transport LLC

VLGC

Copernicus⁽²⁾

2015

84,000

Commander LPG Transport LLC

VLGC

Commander

2015

84,000

Dorian Explorer LPG Transport LLC

VLGC

Challenger

2015

84,000

Dorian Exporter LPG Transport LLC

VLGC

Caravelle⁽²⁾

2016

84,000

Dorian Sakura LPG Transport LLC⁽³⁾

VLGC

Hull No. 1755

2023⁽⁴⁾

84,000


	Type of
Subsidiary	vessel	Vessel’s name	Built	CBM⁽¹⁾
CJNP LPG Transport LLC	VLGC	Captain John NP	2007	82,000
Comet LPG Transport LLC	VLGC	Comet	2014	84,000
Corsair LPG Transport LLC	VLGC	Corsair⁽²⁾	2014	84,000
Corvette LPG Transport LLC	VLGC	Corvette	2015	84,000
Dorian Shanghai LPG Transport LLC	VLGC	Cougar⁽²⁾	2015	84,000
Concorde LPG Transport LLC	VLGC	Concorde	2015	84,000
Dorian Houston LPG Transport LLC	VLGC	Cobra	2015	84,000
Dorian Sao Paulo LPG Transport LLC	VLGC	Continental	2015	84,000
Dorian Ulsan LPG Transport LLC	VLGC	Constitution	2015	84,000
Dorian Amsterdam LPG Transport LLC	VLGC	Commodore	2015	84,000
Dorian Dubai LPG Transport LLC	VLGC	Cresques⁽²⁾	2015	84,000
Constellation LPG Transport LLC	VLGC	Constellation	2015	84,000
Dorian Monaco LPG Transport LLC	VLGC	Cheyenne	2015	84,000
Dorian Barcelona LPG Transport LLC	VLGC	Clermont	2015	84,000
Dorian Geneva LPG Transport LLC	VLGC	Cratis⁽²⁾	2015	84,000
Dorian Cape Town LPG Transport LLC	VLGC	Chaparral⁽²⁾	2015	84,000
Dorian Tokyo LPG Transport LLC	VLGC	Copernicus⁽²⁾	2015	84,000
Commander LPG Transport LLC	VLGC	Commander	2015	84,000
Dorian Explorer LPG Transport LLC	VLGC	Challenger	2015	84,000
Dorian Exporter LPG Transport LLC	VLGC	Caravelle⁽²⁾	2016	84,000
Dorian Sakura LPG Transport LLC	VLGC	Captain Markos⁽²⁾	2023	84,000
Dorian LPG Ammonia Transport LLC	VLGC/AC	Hull No. 2373	2026⁽³⁾	93,000

Management and Other Subsidiaries



Subsidiary
Dorian LPG Management Corp.
Dorian LPG (USA) LLC (incorporated in USA)
Dorian LPG (UK) Ltd. (incorporated in UK)
Dorian LPG Finance LLC
Occident River Trading Limited (incorporated in UK)
Dorian LPG (DK) ApS (incorporated in Denmark)
Dorian LPG Chartering LLC
Dorian LPG FFAS LLC
Dorian LPG US Lease Finance LLC
Dorian LPG Nippon Finance LLC

(1)	CBM: Cubic meters, a standard measure for LPG tanker capacity

(2)	Operated pursuant to a bareboat charter agreement as of December 31, ~~2022.~~2023. Refer to Note 76 below for further information.

(3)	~~Upon delivery, the applicable vessel will be operated pursuant to a bareboat charter agreement. Refer to Note 15 below for further information.~~

~~(4)~~

The applicable vessel is expected to be delivered in calendar year ~~2023.~~2026.

~~COVID-19~~

Since the beginning of calendar year 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected economic conditions, supply chains, labor markets, demand for certain shipped goods both regionally and globally, and has also negatively impacted and may continue to impact our operations and the operations of our customers and suppliers. Over the course of the pandemic, measures taken to mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 virus have included travel bans, quarantines, social distancing, limitations on public gatherings, impositions on supply chain logistics, lockdowns and other emergency public health measures, resulting in a significant reduction in overall global economic activity and extreme volatility in the global financial markets.

At present, we cannot fully ascertain the impact of COVID-19 on the Company’s future operational performance and financial results. To date, we have experienced increases in crew wages and related costs, particularly in crew travel and medical costs and certain spares and stores and associated transport costs due to COVID-19. Further impacts may be of greater magnitude and may be reflected in different cost items than we have experienced up to this point. If a resurgence of COVID-19, including due to new variants, results in travel restrictions, supply chain disruptions, and other impediments

~~Table of Contents~~

to the orderly conduct of seaborne trade, such as those caused by China’s “zero-covid” policy, there may be an additional material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

2. Significant Accounting Policies

The same accounting policies have been followed in these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements as those applied in the preparation of our consolidated audited financial statements for the year ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 (refer to Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, ~~2022)~~2023).

Recent Accounting Pronouncements ~~Not Yet Adopted~~

~~In March 2020,~~There were no recent updates to the Accounting Standards Codification issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU No. 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU 2020-04”).” ASU 2020-04 provides temporary optional expedients and exceptionsthat were applicable to ~~the guidance in U.S. GAAP on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the~~our unaudited condensed consolidated financial reporting burdens related to the expected market transition from LIBOR and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. This ASU was effective for adoption at any time between March 12, 2020 and December 31, 2022. In December 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU No. 2022-06, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848 (“ASU 2022-06”).” ASU 2022-06 defers the sunset date included within Topic 848 from December 31, 2022, to December 31, 2024. We have determined that the adoption of this ASU would have an immaterial effect on our financial statements.

Table of Contents

3. Transactions with Related Parties

Dorian (Hellas), S.A.

Dorian (Hellas) S.A. (“DHSA”) formerly provided technical, crew, commercial management, insurance and accounting services to our vessels and had agreements to outsource certain of these services to Eagle Ocean Transport Inc. (“Eagle Ocean Transport”), which is 100% owned by Mr. John C. Hadjipateras, our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer.

Dorian LPG (USA) LLC and its subsidiaries entered into an agreement with DHSA, retroactive to July 2014 and superseding an agreement between Dorian LPG (UK) Ltd. and DHSA, for the provision by Dorian LPG (USA) LLC and its subsidiaries of certain chartering and marine operation services to DHSA, for which income was earned and included in “Other income-related parties” totaling less than $0.1 million for both the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 and $0.1 million for both the nine months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021.~~2022.

As of December 31, ~~2022, $0.8~~2023, there was less than $0.1 million ~~was due from DHSA and~~ included in “Due from related parties” in the unaudited ~~interim~~ condensed consolidated balance ~~sheet. As~~sheet and as of March 31, ~~2022, $1.0 million~~2023, there was nothing due from ~~DHSA and included in “Due from related parties” in the audited consolidated balance sheet.~~DHSA.

Helios LPG Pool LLC

On April 1, 2015, Dorian and ~~Phoenix~~MOL Energia began operations of the Helios Pool, which entered into pool participation agreements for the purpose of establishing and operating, as charterer, under variable rate time charters to be entered into with owners or disponent owners of VLGCs, a commercial pool of VLGCs whereby revenues and expenses are shared. We hold a 50% interest in the Helios Pool as a joint venture with ~~Phoenix~~MOL Energia and all significant rights and obligations are equally shared by both parties. All profits of the Helios Pool are distributed to the pool participants based on pool points (see below for description of pool points) assigned to each vessel as variable charter hire and, as a result, there are no profits available to the equity investors as a share of equity. We have determined that the Helios Pool is a variable interest entity as it does not have sufficient equity at risk. We do not consolidate the Helios Pool because we are not the primary beneficiary and do not have a controlling financial interest. In consideration of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810-10-50-4e, the significant factors considered and judgments made in determining that the power to direct the activities of the Helios Pool that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance are shared, in that all significant performance activities which

~~Table of Contents~~

relate to approval of pool policies and strategies related to pool customers and the marketing of the pool for the procurement of customers for the pool vessels, addition of new pool vessels and the pool cost management, require unanimous board consent from a board consisting of two members from each joint venture investor. Further, in accordance with the guidance in ASC 810-10-25-38D, the Company and ~~Phoenix~~MOL Energia are not related parties as defined in ASC 850 nor are they de facto agents pursuant to ASC 810-10, the power over the significant activities of the Helios Pool is shared, and no party is the primary beneficiary in the Helios Pool, or has a controlling financial interest. As of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the Helios Pool operated ~~twenty-three~~twenty-seven VLGCs, including ~~twenty~~twenty-three vessels from our fleet (including ~~two~~four vessels time chartered-in from unrelated parties) and ~~three Phoenix~~four MOL Energia vessels.

As of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we had net receivables from the Helios Pool of ~~$91.9~~$110.3 million (net of amounts due to Helios Pool less than $0.1 million which are reflected under “Due to related Parties”), including $25.3 million of ~~$6.0~~working capital contributed for the operation of our vessels in the pool. As of March 31, 2023, we had net receivables from the Helios Pool of $93.7 million (net of an amount due to Helios Pool of $0.2 million which are reflected under “Due to related Parties”), including $22.0 million of working capital contributed for the operation of our vessels in the pool (of which $1.1 million was classified as current). As of March 31, 2022, we had net receivables from the Helios Pool of $76.5 million (net of an amount due to Helios Pool of $0.1 million which are reflected under “Due to related Parties”), including $23.1 million of working capital contributed for the operation of our vessels in the pool (of which $3.3 million was classified as current). Our maximum exposure to losses from the pool as of December 31, ~~2022~~2023 is limited to the receivables from the pool. The Helios Pool does not have any third-party debt obligations. The Helios Pool has entered into commercial management agreements with each of Dorian LPG ~~(UK) Ltd.~~(DK) ApS and ~~Phoenix~~MOL Energia and has appointed both as the exclusive commercial managers of pool vessels. ~~Dorian LPG (DK) ApS has assumed the responsibilities of Dorian LPG (UK) Ltd. under such agreements with the consolidation of our London, United Kingdom office into our Copenhagen, Denmark office.~~ Fees for such services earned by Dorian LPG (DK) ApS are included in “Other income-related parties” in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statement of operations and were $0.6 million ~~and $0.5 million~~ for both the three months ended December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, and $1.8 million and $1.6 million for ~~both~~ the nine months ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, ~~and 2021.~~respectively. Additionally, we receive a fixed reimbursement of expenses such as costs for security guards and war risk insurance for vessels operating in ~~high risk~~high-risk areas from the Helios Pool, for which we earned ~~$0.6~~$0.4 million and ~~$0.4~~$0.6 million for the three months ended December 31, ~~2022,~~ 2023,

Table of Contents

and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, and ~~$1.1~~$0.8 million and ~~$1.9~~$1.1 million for the nine months ended December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, and are included in “Other revenues, net” in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Through our vessel owning subsidiaries, we have chartered vessels to the Helios Pool during the nine months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021.~~2022. The time charter revenue from the Helios Pool is variable depending upon the net results of the pool, operating days and pool points for each vessel. The Helios Pool enters into voyage and time charters with external parties and receives freight and related revenue and, where applicable, incurs voyage costs such as bunkers, port costs and commissions. At the end of each month, the Helios Pool calculates net pool revenues using gross revenues, less voyage expenses of all pool vessels, less fixed time charter hire for any chartered-in vessels, less the general and administrative expenses of the pool as variable rate time charter hire for the relevant vessel to participants based on pool points (vessel attributes such as cargo carrying capacity, scrubber-equipped, fuel ~~consumption,~~efficiency, fuel-type consumed, and speed are taken into consideration) and number of days the vessel participated in the pool in the period. In accordance with the pool participation agreements, pool points are finalized in arrears every six months ending September 30 and March 31 and pool profits are reallocated based on the actual recorded speed and consumption performance for each vessel operating in the Helios Pool during the preceding six-month period. Net pool revenues, less any amounts required for working capital of the Helios Pool, are distributed, to the extent they have been collected from third-party customers of the Helios Pool. We recognize net pool revenues on a monthly basis, when each relevant vessel has participated in the pool during the period and the amount of net pool revenues for the month can be estimated reliably. Revenue earned from the Helios Pool is presented in Note ~~12.~~11.

4. Deferred Charges, Net

The analysis and movement of deferred charges is presented in the table below:


	Drydocking		Drydocking
	costs		costs
Balance, April 1, 2022	$	9,839,000
Balance, April 1, 2023			$	8,367,301
Additions		1,219,522		6,780,894
Amortization		(2,112,924)		(2,985,304)
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	8,945,598
Balance, December 31, 2023			$	12,162,891

~~Table of Contents~~

5. Vessels, Net


			Accumulated						Accumulated
	Cost		depreciation		Net book Value		Cost		depreciation		Net book Value
Balance, April 1, 2022	$	1,638,075,449	$	(400,013,759)	$	1,238,061,690
Balance, April 1, 2023							$	1,724,463,634	$	(460,535,029)	$	1,263,928,605
Other additions		1,505,563		—		1,505,563		8,171,225		—		8,171,225
Depreciation		—		(45,593,028)		(45,593,028)		—		(48,096,778)		(48,096,778)
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	1,639,581,012	$	(445,606,787)	$	1,193,974,225
Balance, December 31, 2023							$	1,732,634,859	$	(508,631,807)	$	1,224,003,052

Additions to vessels, net, mainly consisted of scrubber purchases and installation costs and other capital improvements for certain of our VLGCs during the nine months ended December 31, ~~2022.~~2023. Our vessels, with a total carrying value of ~~$1,157.0~~$1,190.2 million and ~~$1,198.7~~$1,227.8 million as of December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, respectively, are first-priority mortgaged as collateral for our long-term debt (refer to Note 76 below). Captain John NP is our only VLGC that is not first-priority mortgaged as collateral for our long-term debt as of December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and March 31, ~~2022.~~2023. No impairment loss was recorded for the periods presented.

~~6. Vessel Under Construction~~

As further described in Note 15, we have entered into a thirteen-year bareboat charter agreement for a newbuilding dual-fuel VLGC that is expected to be delivered from Kawasaki Heavy Industries in March 2023. The analysis and movementTable of ~~vessel under construction is presented in the table below:~~Contents

Net book Value
Balance, April 1, 2022

$
16,401,532

Installment payments

8,000,000

Other capitalized expenditures

642,707

Capitalized interest

1,000,797

Balance, December 31, 2022

$
26,045,036

7.6. Long-term Debt

~~2015 AR~~2023 A&R Debt Facility /2022 Debt Facility

Refer to Note 109 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 for information on our ~~$758~~$260.0 million debt financing facility that we entered into in March 2015 with a group of banks and financial institutions, and its amendments and restatements (the “2015 AR Facility”). On April 21, 2022, we prepaid $25.0 million of the 2015 AR Facility’s then outstanding principal using cash on hand, consisting of $11.1 million of the commercial tranche, $11.1 million of the Export-Import Bank of Korea (“KEXIM”) direct tranche, and $2.8 million of the Korea Trade Insurance Corporation (“K-sure”) insured tranche. On May 19, 2022, we prepaid $20.0 million of the 2015 AR Facility’s then outstanding principal related to ~~Cougar~~ using proceeds from the Cougar Japanese Financing (defined below). On August 4, 2022, we prepaid the outstanding balance of each tranche in full totaling $158.7 million using proceeds from the 2022 Debt Facility (defined below).

~~BALCAP Facility~~

Refer to Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2022 for information on our $83.4 million debt financing facility that we entered into in December 2021 with Banc of America Leasing & Capital, LLC and other financial institutions (the “BALCAP Facility”).

~~We were in compliance with all financial covenants as of December 31, 2022.~~

~~2022 Debt Facility~~

On July 29, 2022 ~~we entered into a $260.0 million debt financing facility (the “2022 Debt Facility”)~~ with Crédit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank (“CACIB”), ING Bank N.V. (“ING”), Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ) (“SEB”), BNP Paribas (“BNP”), and Danish Ship Finance A/S (“DSF”) (the “2022 Debt Facility”).

On December 22, 2023, we entered into an amended and restated debt financing facility (the “2023 A&R Debt Facility”) with CACIB, ING, SEB, BNP, and DSF to ~~refinance indebtedness under~~

~~Table of Contents~~

amend and restate the ~~2015 AR Facility and the Concorde Japanese Financing, and to releverage~~ ~~Corvette~~ ~~following the repurchase of that vessel from its owners on July 21, 2022.~~2022 Debt Facility. The ~~2022~~2023 A&R Debt Facility consists of (i) a term loan facility in an aggregate original principal amount of $240.0 million, ~~and~~of which $215.0 million remained outstanding on the date of the agreement, (ii) a revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $50.0 million (previously $20.0 million) and (iii) a new, uncommitted accordion term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $100.0 million. The ~~loan comprised two separate drawdowns with $216.0 million drawn~~2023 A&R Debt Facility matures on August 4, ~~2022 relating to nine of our VLGCs, and the remaining $24.0 million relating to~~ ~~Concorde~~2029, with drawn ~~on September 6, 2022. The term loan is for~~amounts thereunder accruing interest at a ~~period of seven (7) years with an interest~~ rate of SOFR plus a margin ~~of 2.20%. The margin can be decreased by~~ ~~five~~ ~~basis points if the leverage ratio (which is based~~ranging between 2.05 and 2.15% depending on the ratio of outstanding debt under the ~~debt outstanding~~facility to the ~~aggregate market~~ value of ~~our~~the vessels secured under ~~the 2022 Debt Facility) is less than 35%~~this facility, plus or ~~increased by~~ ~~five~~ ~~basis points if it is greater than or~~minus a sustainability pricing adjustment of 0.05%. The undrawn revolving credit facility accrues interest at a rate equal to ~~45%. The 2022 Debt Facility agreement also includes a provision to receive a five basis point increase or reduction in~~0.40% of the margin for reductions in our average efficiency ratio (which weighs carbon emissions for a voyage against the design deadweight of a vessel and the distance traveled on such voyage) versus the level set by the International Maritime Organization. This is calculated annually and, as of December 31, 2022, our margin has been reduced by margin.

~~five~~ ~~basis points to 2.15%.~~

The ~~2022~~2023 A&R Debt Facility is secured by, among other things, (i) first priority Bahamian mortgages on the vessels financed, (ii) first priority assignments of all of the financed vessels’ mandatory insurances and earnings and management agreements; (iii) first priority pledge in respect of all limited liability company interests of the borrowers and vessel-owning guarantors; (iv) first priority charter assignments of all of the financed vessels’ long-term charters to non-Helios LPG Pool parties with an original tenor greater than 13 months; and (v) a guaranty by the Company guaranteeing the obligations of the borrower and other guarantors under the facility agreement. The ~~2022~~2023 A&R Debt Facility further provides that the facility is to be secured by assignments of the borrower’s rights under any hedging contracts in connection with the ~~facility.~~facility, but such assignments have not been entered into at this time.

The ~~2022~~2023 A&R Debt Facility also contains customary covenants that require us to maintain adequate insurance coverage and to properly maintain the vessels. The loan facility includes customary events of default, including those relating to a failure to pay principal or interest, breaches of covenants, representations and warranties, a cross-default to certain other debt obligations and non-compliance with security documents, and customary restrictions on paying dividends if an event of default has occurred and is continuing, or if an event of default would result therefrom.

~~The~~

We are required to comply with the following financial covenants from the 2023 A&R Debt Facility (which are ~~the most restrictive from~~identical to the 2022 Debt ~~Facility with which the Company is required to comply,~~Facility), calculated on a consolidated basis, determined and defined according to the provisions of the loan agreement and its amendments:

●

The ratio of current assets and long-term restricted cash divided by current liabilities, excluding current portion of long-term debt, shall always be greater than 1.00;

●~~Maintain minimum shareholders’ equity at all times equal to the aggregate of $400 million;~~

●~~The ratio of consolidated net debt to consolidated total capitalization shall not exceed~~ ~~0.60~~ to ~~1.00~~;

●

Maintain minimum shareholders’ equity at all times equal to the aggregate of $400 million;

●

The ratio of consolidated net debt to consolidated total capitalization shall not exceed 0.60 to 1.00;

●

Fair market value of the mortgaged ships plus any additional security over the outstanding loan balance shall not be less than 145%; and

●

Minimum liquidity covenant of the greater of (i) $27.5 million and (ii) 5% of consolidated interest-bearing debt.

We were in compliance with all financial covenants as of December 31, ~~2022.~~2023.

~~Corsair Japanese Financing~~

Table of Contents

BALCAP Facility

Refer to Note 109 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 for information on our $83.4 million debt financing facility that we entered into on December, 29 2021 with Banc of America Leasing & Capital, LLC and other financial institutions (the “BALCAP Facility”).

We were in compliance with all financial covenants as of December 31, 2023.

Japanese Financing Arrangements

All of our Japanese financing arrangements (described below) are secured by, among other things, (i) the mortgages on the vessels financed, (ii) first priority assignments of all of the financed vessels’ mandatory insurances; and (iii) a guaranty by the Company guaranteeing the obligations of each borrower.

Corsair Japanese Financing

Refer to Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2023 for information on the refinancing of our 2014-built VLGC, Corsair, pursuant to a memorandum of agreement and a bareboat charter agreement (the “Corsair Japanese Financing”).

~~Table of Contents~~

~~Concorde~~Cresques Japanese Financing

Refer to Note 109 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 for information on the refinancing of ~~our 2015-built VLGC,~~ ~~Concorde~~, pursuant to a memorandum of agreement and a bareboat charter agreement (the “Concorde Japanese Financing”). On June 6, 2022, we exercised our repurchase option under the Concorde Japanese Financing by providing a three-month notice to the owners of ~~Concorde~~ of our intent to repurchase the vessel for approximately $41.2 million, including fees, in cash and application of the deposit amount of $14.0 million. The repurchase transaction was completed on September 6, 2022.

~~Corvette Japanese Financing~~

~~Refer to Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2022 for information on the refinancing of our 2015-built VLGC,~~ ~~Corvette~~, pursuant to a memorandum of agreement and a bareboat charter agreement (the “Corvette Japanese Financing”). On June 6, 2022, we exercised our repurchase option under the Corvette Japanese Financing by providing a 45-day notice to the owners of ~~Corvette~~ ~~of our intent to repurchase the vessel for $42.2 million, including fees, in cash and application of the deposit amount of $14.0 million. The repurchase transaction was completed on July 21, 2022.~~

~~CNML Japanese Financing~~

~~Refer to Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2022 for information on the refinancing our 2008-built VLGC,~~ ~~Captain Nicholas ML~~~~, pursuant to a memorandum of agreement and a bareboat charter agreement (the “CNML Japanese Financing”).~~

~~Cresques Japanese Financing~~

~~Refer to Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2022 for information on the refinancing~~ our 2015-built VLGC, Cresques, pursuant to a memorandum of agreement and a bareboat charter agreement (the “Cresques Japanese Financing”). On June 12, 2023, we agreed to an addendum to the Cresques Japanese Financing’s bareboat charter agreement that became effective on June 20, 2023. The terms of the addendum include a switch from a floating interest rate of one-month SOFR plus a margin to a fixed interest rate of 6.55%.

Cratis Japanese Financing

Copernicus Japanese Financing

Chaparral Japanese Financing

Caravelle Japanese Financing

Table of Contents

Cougar Japanese Financing

Refer to Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2023 for information on the refinancing of our 2016-built VLGC, Cougar, pursuant to a memorandum of agreement and a bareboat charter agreement (the “Cougar Japanese Financing”). On July 21, 2023, we agreed to an addendum to the Cougar Japanese Financing’s bareboat charter agreement that became effective on August 21, 2023. The terms of the addendum include a switch from a floating interest rate of three-month SOFR plus a margin to a fixed interest rate of 6.34%.

Captain Markos Dual-Fuel Japanese Financing

Refer to Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2023 for information on the financing of our 2023-built Dual-fuel VLGC, Captain Markos, pursuant to a memorandum of agreement and a bareboat charter agreement (the “Captain Markos Japanese Financing”). On June 12, 2023, we agreed to an addendum to the Captain Markos Dual-Fuel Japanese Financing’s bareboat charter agreement that became effective on June 30, 2023. The terms of the addendum include a switch from a floating interest rate of one-month SOFR plus a margin to a fixed interest rate of 6.39%.

Debt Obligations

The table below presents our debt obligations:


	December 31, 2023		March 31, 2023
2023 A&R Debt Facility/2022 Debt Facility	$	210,000,000	$	225,000,000

Japanese Financings
Corsair Japanese Financing	$	31,958,334	$	34,395,834
Cresques Japanese Financing		26,051,147		27,377,615
Cratis Japanese Financing		42,520,000		45,580,000
Copernicus Japanese Financing		42,520,000		45,580,000
Chaparral Japanese Financing		60,520,350		62,342,859
Caravelle Japanese Financing		43,400,000		46,100,000
Cougar Japanese Financing		44,600,000		47,300,000
Captain Markos Dual-Fuel Japanese Financing		53,900,000		55,790,000
Total Japanese Financings	$	345,469,831	$	364,466,308

BALCAP Facility	$	68,299,438	$	74,096,125

Total debt obligations	$	623,769,269	$	663,562,433
Less: deferred financing fees		5,649,599		6,195,087
Debt obligations—net of deferred financing fees	$	618,119,670	$	657,367,346

Presented as follows:
Current portion of long-term debt	$	53,433,423	$	53,110,676
Long-term debt—net of current portion and deferred financing fees		564,686,247		604,256,670
Total	$	618,119,670	$	657,367,346

Deferred Financing Fees

The analysis and movement of deferred financing fees is presented in the table below:


	Financing
	costs
Balance, April 1, 2023	$	6,195,087
Additions		382,500
Amortization		(927,988)
Balance, December 31, 2023	$	5,649,599

Table of Contents

~~Cougar Japanese Financing~~

~~On May 19, 2022, we refinanced a 2015-built VLGC,~~ ~~Cougar~~~~, pursuant to a memorandum of agreement and a bareboat charter agreement. In connection therewith, we transferred~~ ~~Cougar~~ to the buyer for $70.0 million and, as part of the agreement, Dorian Shanghai LPG Transport LLC, our wholly-owned subsidiary, bareboat chartered the vessel back for a period of 10 years, with purchase options from the end of year 3 onwards through a mandatory buyout by 2032. We continue to technically manage, commercially charter, and operate ~~Cougar~~. We received $50.0 million in cash as part of the transaction with $20.0 million to be retained by the buyer as a deposit (the “Cougar Deposit”), which can be used by us towards the repurchase of the vessel either pursuant to an early buyout option or at the end of the 10-year bareboat charter term. The refinancing proceeds of $50.0 million were used to prepay $20.0 million of the 2015 AR Facility’s then outstanding principal amount. The remaining proceeds will be used to pay legal fees associated with this transaction and for general corporate purposes. This transaction will be treated as a financing transaction and ~~Cougar~~ will continue to be recorded as an asset on our balance sheet. This debt financing has a floating interest rate of three-month SOFR plus a margin of 2.45%, not including financing costs of $0.4 million, monthly broker commission fees of 1.25% over the 10-year term on interest and principal payments made, broker commission fees of 0.5% on the exercise of the purchase option or obligation excluding the Cougar Deposit, and a quarterly fixed straight-line principal obligation of approximately $0.9 million over the 10-year term with a balloon payment of $14.0 million.

~~Debt Obligations~~

~~The table below presents our debt obligations:~~

December 31, 2022

March 31, 2022

2015 AR Facility

Commercial Financing

$
—

$
91,651,888

KEXIM Direct Financing

—

44,406,733

KEXIM Guaranteed

—

47,190,358

K-sure Insured

—

23,132,295

Total 2015 AR Facility

$
—

$
206,381,274

2022 Debt Facility

$
230,000,000

$
—

Japanese Financings

Corsair Japanese Financing

$
35,208,334

$
37,645,833

Concorde Japanese Financing

—

42,269,231

Corvette Japanese Financing

—

42,807,692

Cresques Japanese Financing

43,095,000

45,660,000

Cratis Japanese Financing

46,600,000

49,660,000

Copernicus Japanese Financing

46,600,000

49,660,000

Chaparral Japanese Financing

62,934,348

64,662,242

Caravelle Japanese Financing

47,000,000

49,700,000

Cougar Japanese Financing

48,200,000

—

Total Japanese Financings

$
329,637,682

$
382,064,998

BALCAP Facility

$
75,992,178

$
81,574,172

Total debt obligations

$
635,629,860

$
670,020,444

Less: deferred financing fees

6,291,039

7,257,486

Debt obligations—net of deferred financing fees

$
629,338,821

$
662,762,958

Presented as follows:

Current portion of long-term debt

$
52,136,738

$
72,075,571

Long-term debt—net of current portion and deferred financing fees

577,202,083

590,687,387

Total

$
629,338,821

$
662,762,958

~~Table of Contents~~

~~Deferred Financing Fees~~

~~The analysis and movement of deferred financing fees is presented in the table below:~~

Financing

costs

Balance, April 1, 2022

$
7,257,486

Additions

4,244,094

Amortization

(5,210,541)

Balance, December 31, 2022

$
6,291,039

8.7. Leases

Time charter-in contracts

During the nine months ended December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we ~~did not take~~took delivery of ~~any~~the 2023-built dual-fuel Panamax VLGC Cristobal on time ~~chartered-in VLGCs. During this period, one existing~~ charter was extended by 11 months that was excluded from operating lease right-of-use asset and lease liability recognition on our consolidated balance sheet. Also, during this period, one existing charter was extended for ~~two~~seven years with two consecutive one-year charterer’s option periods, for up to an aggregate of ~~four~~nine years, and purchase options in the Company’s favor in years seven through nine. We initially recognized the applicable right-of-use asset and lease liability of ~~$37.7~~this time chartered-in VLGC of $62.6 million on our balance sheet. As of December 31, ~~2022, the applicable~~2023, right-of-use ~~asset~~assets and lease ~~liability was equal~~liabilities related to ~~$37.1 million. As~~all of ~~December 31, 2022,~~ our time charter-in VLGCs totaled $198.2 million and were recognized on our balance sheet. Our time chartered-in VLGCs were deployed in the Helios Pool and earned net pool revenues of ~~$9.2~~$27.4 million and ~~$5.5~~$9.2 million for the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, and ~~$22.7~~$73.6 million and ~~$12.3~~$22.7 million for the nine months ended December 31, ~~2022,~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

Charter hire expenses for the VLGCs time chartered in were as follows:


	Three months ended				Nine months ended				Three months ended				Nine months ended
	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Charter hire expenses	$	5,215,144	$	4,917,012	$	15,975,622	$	10,829,050	$	8,359,808	$	5,215,144	$	30,975,037	$	15,975,622

Office leases

We currently have operating leases for our offices in Stamford, Connecticut, USA; Copenhagen, Denmark; and Athens, Greece, which we determined to be operating leases and record the lease expense as part of general and administrative expenses in our unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations. The lease for our office in London, United Kingdom expired in August 2022. During the nine months ended December 31, 2022, we extended the leases of our Stamford, Connecticut office and our Athens, Greece office for an additional five and four years, respectively, and entered into a 31-month lease for new premises for our Copenhagen, Denmark office.

Operating lease rent expense related to our office leases was as follows:


	Three months ended				Nine months ended				Three months ended				Nine months ended
	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Operating lease rent expense	$	135,825	$	148,384	$	453,007	$	464,394	$	140,991	$	135,825	$	419,567	$	453,007

For our office leases and time charter-in ~~arrangement,~~agreements, the discount rate used ranged from 4.92% to 6.34%. The weighted average discount rate used to calculate the lease liability was ~~6.32%~~5.82%. The weighted average remaining lease term of our office leases and time chartered-in vessel as of December 31, ~~2022~~2023 is ~~48.9~~70.1 months.

Our operating lease right-of-use asset and lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023 were as follows:


Description	Location on Balance Sheet	December 31, 2023		March 31, 2023
Assets:
Non-current
Office leases	Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	1,334,956	$	1,654,498
Time charter-in VLGCs	Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	198,219,182	$	156,524,900

Liabilities:
Current
Office Leases	Current portion of long-term operating leases	$	466,154	$	436,810
Time charter-in VLGCs	Current portion of long-term operating leases	$	31,476,022	$	22,970,745

Long-term
Office Leases	Long-term operating leases	$	885,180	$	1,228,328
Time charter-in VLGCs	Long-term operating leases	$	166,743,159	$	133,554,155

1312

Table of Contents

~~Our operating lease right-of-use asset and lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022 were as follows:~~

Description

Location on Balance Sheet

December 31, 2022
Assets:

Non-current

Office leases

Operating lease right-of-use assets

$
1,766,167
Time charter-in VLGCs

Operating lease right-of-use assets

$
37,111,301

Liabilities:

Current

Office Leases

Current portion of long-term operating leases

$
419,074
Time charter-in VLGCs

Current portion of long-term operating leases

$
7,976,946

Long-term

Office Leases

Long-term operating leases

$
1,354,266
Time charter-in VLGCs

Long-term operating leases

$
29,134,356

Maturities of operating lease liabilities as of December 31, ~~2022~~2023 were as follows:


Less than one year	$	10,577,878	$	42,531,850
One to three years		21,700,042		86,070,634
Three to five years		11,856,118		65,055,268
More than five years				41,174,389
Total undiscounted lease payments		44,134,038		234,832,141
Less: imputed interest		(5,249,396)		(35,261,626)
Carrying value of operating lease liabilities	$	38,884,642	$	199,570,515

9.8. Dividends

On ~~May 4, 2022,~~April 26, 2023, we announced that our board of directors (“Board of Directors”) declared an irregular cash dividend of ~~$2.50~~$1.00 per share of our common stock to all shareholders of record as of the close of business on May ~~16, 2022,~~8, 2023, totaling ~~$100.3~~$40.4 million. We paid ~~$99.7~~$40.1 million on ~~June 2, 2022,~~May 22, 2023, with the remaining ~~$0.6~~$0.3 million deferred until certain shares of restricted stock vest.

On June 15, ~~2022,~~2023, we paid ~~$0.2~~$0.4 million of dividends that were deferred until the vesting of certain restricted stock.

On ~~August 3, 2022,~~July 27, 2023, we announced that our Board of Directors declared an irregular cash dividend of $1.00 per share of the Company’s common stock to all shareholders of record as of the close of business on August ~~15, 2022,~~10, 2023, totaling ~~$40.3~~$40.6 million. We paid ~~$40.1~~$40.3 million on September ~~2, 2022 and~~5, 2023, with the remaining ~~$0.2~~$0.3 million is deferred until certain shares of restricted stock vest.

On ~~August 5, 2022, we paid $0.4 million of dividends that were deferred until the vesting of certain restricted stock.~~

On October ~~27, 2022,~~6, 2023, we announced that our Board of Directors declared an irregular cash dividend of $1.00 per share of the Company’s common stock to all shareholders of record as of the close of business on ~~November 7, 2022,~~October 20, 2023, totaling ~~$40.4~~$40.6 million. We paid ~~$40.1~~$40.3 million on ~~December 6, 2022 and~~November 2, 2023, with the remaining $0.3 million is deferred until certain shares of restricted stock vest.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~10.~~9. Stock Repurchase Authority

On February 2, 2022, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $100.0 million of our common shares (the “2022 Common Share Repurchase Authority”). Under these authorizations, when in force, purchases were and may be made at our discretion in the form of open market repurchase programs, privately negotiated transactions, accelerated share repurchase programs or a combination of these methods. The actual amount and timing of share repurchases are subject to capital availability, our determination that share repurchases are in the best ~~interest~~interests of our shareholders, and market conditions. As of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, our total purchases under the 2022 Common Share Repurchase Authority totaled ~~0.05 million~~50,000 shares for an aggregate consideration of $0.7 million. We are not obligated to make any common share repurchases.

~~11.~~10. Stock-Based Compensation Plans

Our stock-based compensation expense is included within general and administrative expenses in the unaudited ~~interim~~ condensed consolidated statements of operations and was ~~$1.0~~$1.4 million and ~~$0.7~~$1.0 million for the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, and ~~$3.4~~$6.3 million and ~~$2.6~~$3.4 million for the nine months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022, respectively. Unrecognized compensation cost was ~~$2.7~~$4.9 million as of December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and will be recognized over a remaining weighted average life of ~~2.08~~1.54 years. For more information on our equity incentive plan, refer to Note 1312 to our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, ~~2022.~~2023.

Table of Contents

A summary of the activity of restricted shares and units awarded under our equity incentive plan as of December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and changes during the nine months ended December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, is as follows:

Weighted-Average

Grant-Date

Incentive Share/Unit Awards

Number of Shares/Units

Fair Value

Number of Shares/Units

Fair Value

Unvested as of April 1, 2022

329,090

10.56

Unvested as of April 1, 2023

328,382

11.79

Granted

266,350

15.55

302,031

28.31

Vested

(264,558)

(11.96)

(326,665)

16.79

Unvested as of December 31, 2022

330,882

13.46

Unvested as of December 31, 2023

303,748

22.83

~~12.~~11. Revenues

Revenues comprise the following:


	Three months ended				Nine months ended				Three months ended				Nine months ended
	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Net pool revenues—related party	$	96,558,251	$	62,856,243	$	237,314,421	$	174,739,894	$	155,922,970	$	96,558,251	$	398,160,923	$	237,314,421
Time charter revenues		5,971,056		5,301,134		17,410,513		15,915,876		6,410,997		5,971,056		19,310,237		17,410,513
Other revenues, net		792,949		442,405		1,389,231		3,981,608		730,536		792,949		1,854,712		1,389,231
Total revenues	$	103,322,256	$	68,599,782	$	256,114,165	$	194,637,378	$	163,064,503	$	103,322,256	$	419,325,872	$	256,114,165

Net pool revenues—related party depend upon the net results of the Helios Pool, and the operating days and pool points for each vessel. Refer to Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, ~~2022.~~2023.

Other revenues, net mainly represent claim reimbursements and income from charterers relating to reimbursement of voyage expenses, such as costs for war risk insurance and security guards.

~~13.~~12. Financial Instruments and Fair Value Disclosures

Our principal financial assets consist of cash and cash equivalents, investment securities, amounts due from related parties, ~~investment securities, long-term investments~~derivative instruments, and trade accounts receivable. Our principal financial liabilities consist of long-term debt, accounts payable, amounts due to related parties, and accrued ~~liabilities, and derivative instruments.~~liabilities.

~~Table of Contents~~

(a)

Concentration of credit risk: Financial instruments, which may subject us to significant concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of amounts due from our charterers, including the receivables from Helios Pool, and cash and cash equivalents. We limit our credit risk with amounts due from our charterers, including those through the Helios Pool, by performing ongoing credit evaluations of our charterers’ financial condition and generally do not require collateral from our charterers. We limit our credit risk with our cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash by placing it with highly-rated financial institutions.

(b)

Interest rate risk: Our long-term bank loans are ~~primarily~~ based on SOFR and hence we are exposed to movements thereto. We entered into interest rate swap agreements in order to hedge a majority of our variable interest rate exposure related to our ~~2022~~2023 A&R Debt Facility. On August 8, 2022, our interest rate swap with Citibank N.A. was novated to CACIB and BNP with the original amount equally apportioned to each counterparty, an adjustment in the fixed rate from 1.0908% to 0.9208% and a change in the indexed rate from LIBOR to SOFR. On August 25, 2022, our interest rate with ING was amended with an adjustment in the fixed rate from 1.145% to 0.915% and the indexed rate changed from LIBOR to SOFR. Additionally, we have exposure to floating rate movements on two of our Japanese Financings. The Cougar Japanese Financing is subject to SOFR and the Cresques Japanese Financing is the only debt agreement which is subject to LIBOR.

(c)

Fair value measurements: Interest rate swaps are stated at fair value, which is determined using a discounted cash flow approach based on market‑based SOFR swap yield rates. SOFR swap rates are observable at commonly quoted intervals for the full terms of the swaps and, therefore, are considered Level 2 items in accordance with the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the interest rate swap agreements approximates the amount that we would have to pay or receive for the early termination of the agreements.

The following table summarizes the location on the balance sheet of the financial assets and liabilities that are carried at fair value on a recurring basis, which comprise our financial derivatives, all of which are considered Level 2 items in accordance with the fair value hierarchy:

December 31, 2022

March 31, 2022

Other non-current assets

Long-term liabilities

Other non-current assets

Long-term liabilities

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments

Derivative instruments

Derivative instruments

Derivative instruments

Derivative instruments

Interest rate swap agreements

$
11,359,543

$
—

$
6,512,479

$
—

~~The effect of derivative instruments within the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented is as follows:~~

Three months ended

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments

Location of gain/(loss) recognized

December 31, 2022

December 31, 2021

Interest rate swaps—change in fair value

Unrealized gain/(loss) on derivatives

(700,015)

3,056,741

Interest rate swaps—realized gain/(loss)

Realized gain/(loss) on derivatives

1,404,004

(895,782)

Gain/(loss) on derivatives, net

$
703,989

$
2,160,959

Nine months ended

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments

Location of gain/(loss) recognized

December 31, 2022

December 31, 2021

Interest rate swaps—change in fair value

Unrealized gain on derivatives

4,847,064

4,205,465

Interest rate swaps—realized gain/(loss)

Realized gain/(loss) on derivatives

1,997,815

(2,714,337)

Gain/(loss) on derivatives, net

$
6,844,879

$
1,491,128

As of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, no fair value measurements for assets or liabilities under Level 1 or Level 3 were recognized in the consolidated balance sheets with the exception of cash and cash

1614

Table of Contents


		December 31, 2023				March 31, 2023
	Other non-current assets		Long-term liabilities		Other non-current assets		Long-term liabilities
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	Derivative instruments		Derivative instruments		Derivative instruments		Derivative instruments
Interest rate swap agreements	$	7,628,093	$	—	$	9,278,544	$	—

The effect of derivative instruments within the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented is as follows:


		Three months ended
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	Location of gain/(loss) recognized	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Interest rate swaps—change in fair value	Unrealized loss on derivatives	$	(6,070,320)	$	(700,015)
Interest rate swaps—realized gain	Realized gain on derivatives		1,916,347		1,404,004
Gain/(Loss) on derivatives, net		$	(4,153,973)	$	703,989


		Nine months ended
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	Location of gain/(loss) recognized	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Interest rate swaps—change in fair value	Unrealized gain/(loss) on derivatives		(1,650,452)		4,847,064
Interest rate swaps—realized gain	Realized gain on derivatives		5,692,328		1,997,815
Gain on derivatives, net		$	4,041,876	$	6,844,879

As of December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023, no fair value measurements for assets or liabilities under Level 1 or Level 3 were recognized in the consolidated balance sheets with the exception of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, and investment securities. We did not have any other assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis during the three and nine months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021.~~2022.

(d)

Book values and fair values of financial instruments: In addition to the derivatives that we are required to record at fair value on our balance sheet (see (c) above) and investment securities and available-for-sale securities (U.S. treasury notes with an aggregate fair value of $1.8 million as of December 31, 2023 and face values of $1.8 million maturing on September 30, 2024 and other investment securities with an aggregate fair value of $2.9 million as of December 31, 2023) that are included in other current assets in our balance sheet and available-for-sale securities (U.S. treasury notes with an aggregate fair value of $9.7 million as of December 31, 2023 and face values of and $10.0 million maturing March 15, 2025) that are recorded as a non-current asset on our balance sheet that we record at fair value, we have other financial instruments that are carried at historical cost. These financial instruments include trade accounts receivable, amounts due from related parties, cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts payable, amounts due to related parties and accrued liabilities for which the historical carrying value approximates the fair value due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and investment securities are considered Level 1 items.

Table of Contents

The summary of gains and losses on our investment securities included in other gain/(loss), net on our unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented is as follows:


	Three months ended				Three months ended
	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Unrealized gain/(loss) on investment securities	$	206,691	$	(1,179,297)
Realized loss on investment securities		—		(305)
Net gain/(loss) on investment securities	$	206,691	$	(1,179,602)
Unrealized gain on investment securities					$	103,127	$	206,691
Realized gain on investment securities						872,557		—
Net gain on investment securities					$	975,684	$	206,691

	Nine months ended				Nine months ended
	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Unrealized gain/(loss) on investment securities	$	1,013,794	$	(1,710,348)
Unrealized gain on investment securities					$	1,209,363	$	1,013,794
Realized gain on investment securities		776,770		447,255		872,557		776,770
Net gain/(loss) on investment securities	$	1,790,564	$	(1,263,093)
Net gain on investment securities					$	2,081,920	$	1,790,564

We have long-term bank debt related to the 2022 Debt Facility, the Cougar Japanese Financing, and the Cresques Japanese Financing for which we believe the carrying values approximate their fair values as the loans bear interest at variable interest rates, being SOFR and LIBOR, which are observable at commonly quoted intervals for the full terms of the loans, and hence are considered as Level 2 items in accordance with the fair value hierarchy. We also have long-term debt related to the Corsair Japanese Financing, Cresques Japanese Financing, Cratis Japanese Financing, Copernicus Japanese Financing, Chaparral Japanese Financing, Cougar Japanese Financing, Caravelle Japanese Financing, and ~~Caravelle~~Captain Markos Dual-Fuel Japanese Financing, (collectively, the “Japanese Financings”) that incur interest at a fixed-rate. We have long-term debt related to the BALCAP Facility that incurs interest at a fixed-rate. The ~~fixed-rate~~ Japanese Financings and ~~the~~ BALCAP Facility are considered Level 2 items in accordance with the fair value hierarchy and the fair value of each is based on a discounted cash flow analysis using current observable ~~SOFR~~ interest rates. The following table summarizes the carrying value and estimated fair value of our fixed rate debt obligations as of:


	December 31, 2022				March 31, 2022				December 31, 2023				March 31, 2023
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Corsair Japanese Financing	$	35,208,334	$	33,730,112	$	37,645,833	$	36,904,683	$	31,958,334	$	30,913,851	$	34,395,834	$	33,051,190
Concorde Japanese Financing		—		—		42,269,231		41,352,417
Corvette Japanese Financing		—		—		42,807,692		41,862,894
Cresques Japanese Financing										26,051,147		27,167,568		27,377,615		27,377,615
Cratis Japanese Financing		46,600,000		42,940,476		49,660,000		46,716,277		42,520,000		39,709,573		45,580,000		42,185,289
Copernicus Japanese Financing		46,600,000		42,940,476		49,660,000		46,716,277		42,520,000		39,709,573		45,580,000		42,185,289
Chaparral Japanese Financing		62,934,348		61,084,562		64,662,242		64,321,963		60,520,350		59,271,538		62,342,859		60,701,217
Caravelle Japanese Financing		47,000,000		43,312,327		49,700,000		46,792,400		43,400,000		40,502,655		46,100,000		42,707,169
Cougar Japanese Financing										44,600,000		45,457,642		47,300,000		47,300,000
Captain Markos Dual-Fuel Japanese Financing										53,900,000		56,564,960		55,790,000		55,790,000
BALCAP Facility	$	75,992,178		70,577,748	$	81,574,172	$	77,063,912		68,299,438		64,450,037		74,096,125		69,032,167

~~14.~~13. Earnings Per Share (“EPS”)

Basic EPS represents net income attributable to common shareholders divided by the weighted average number of our common shares outstanding during the measurement period. Our restricted stock shares include rights to receive dividends that are subject to the risk of forfeiture if service requirements are not satisfied, and as a result, these shares are

~~Table of Contents~~

not considered participating securities and are excluded from the basic weighted-average shares outstanding calculation. Diluted EPS represent net income attributable to common shareholders divided by the weighted average number of our common shares outstanding during the measurement period while also giving effect to all potentially dilutive common shares that were outstanding during the period.

~~The calculations of basic and diluted EPS for the periods presented are as follows:~~

Three months ended

Nine months ended

(In U.S. dollars except share data)

December 31, 2022

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2022

December 31, 2021

Numerator:

Net income

$
51,263,710

$
16,580,885

$
96,422,895

$
36,551,788

Denominator:

Basic weighted average number of common shares outstanding

40,091,299

39,890,674

40,004,100

40,305,902

Effect of dilutive restricted stock and restricted stock units

163,475

134,725

174,542

154,763

Diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding

40,254,774

40,025,399

40,178,642

40,460,665

EPS:

Basic

$
1.28

$
0.42

$
2.41

$
0.91

Diluted

$
1.27

$
0.41

$
2.40

$
0.90

No~~shares~~ of ~~unvested~~ ~~restricted stock were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022, and 2021.~~

~~15. Commitments and Contingencies~~

~~Commitments under Contracts for Scrubbers Purchases~~

~~We had contractual commitments related to scrubbers to reduce sulfur emissions:~~

December 31, 2022

Less than one year

$
2,587,749

~~Commitments under Bareboat Charter Header Agreement~~

On March 31, 2021, we entered into a thirteen-year bareboat charter agreement for a newbuilding dual-fuel VLGC that is expected to be delivered from Kawasaki Heavy Industries in March 2023. The structure of the financing of the newbuilding is analogous to that of our Japanese Financings in which a third party will purchase the vessel and we will bareboat charter such vessel from the third party. As part of the agreement, we control the building of the vessel and the use of the vessel after it is delivered. The vessel will be built to our specifications; we will supervise the building of the vessel to meet these specifications; and we will technically and commercially manage the vessel after its delivery. Under the agreement, we had commitments of $24.0 million of predelivery costs as well as the cost of additional features to meet our specifications and supervision costs for an aggregate total of approximately $25.0 million. As of December 31, 2022, we had approximately $1.0 million of commitments under the agreement outstanding that we expect to settle during the year ending March 31, 2023. Construction of the vessel commenced in December 2021.

1816

Table of Contents

The calculations of basic and diluted EPS for the periods presented are as follows:


	Three months ended				Nine months ended
(In U.S. dollars except share data)	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Numerator:
Net income	$	99,972,913	$	51,263,710	$	228,206,715	$	96,422,895
Denominator:
Basic weighted average number of common shares outstanding		40,350,476		40,091,299		40,202,758		40,004,100
Effect of dilutive restricted stock and restricted stock units		157,027		163,475		168,376		174,542
Diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding		40,507,503		40,254,774		40,371,134		40,178,642
EPS:
Basic	$	2.48	$	1.28	$	5.68	$	2.41
Diluted	$	2.47	$	1.27	$	5.65	$	2.40

There were no shares of unvested restricted stock excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS because the effect of their inclusion would be anti-dilutive for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

~~Time Charter-in~~14. Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments under Newbuilding Contracts

On November 24, 2023, we entered into an agreement for a newbuilding VLGC/AC with a cargo carrying capacity of 93,000 cbm that can transport LPG or ammonia, which is expected to be delivered from Hanwha Ocean Co. Ltd. in the third calendar quarter of 2026. As of December 31, 2023, we had the following commitments related to the newbuilding:


	December 31, 2023
Less than one year	$	35,701,110
One to three years		83,302,590
Total	$	119,003,700

Commitments under Contracts for Scrubbers Purchases and Other Vessel Upgrades

We had ~~the following time charter-in~~contractual commitments ~~relating~~related to ~~VLGCs:~~contracts to scrubbers to reduce sulfur emissions and other vessel upgrades as follows:

December 31, 2022

Less than one year

$
29,832,333
��
One to three years

64,080,000

Three to five years

64,080,000

Thereafter

72,140,000

Total

$
230,132,333


	December 31, 2023
Less than one year	$	445,621

The time charter-in commitments as of December 31, 2022, relate to (i) three newbuilding dual-fuel Panamax LPG vessels that we previously entered into agreements to time-charter in with purchase options that are scheduled to be delivered during the first to third calendar quarters of 2023 for a period of seven years each; (ii) a less than one-year time chartered in VLGC that is scheduled to expire during the three months ended September 30, 2023; and (iii) excludes operating lease liabilities related to a VLGC that is recorded on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2022.

Fixed Time Charter Contracts

We had the following future minimum fixed time charter hire receipts based on non-cancelable long-term fixed time charter contracts:


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2023
Less than one year	$	26,685,000	$	12,652,986
One to three years		13,607,986
Total	$	40,292,986

Other

From time to time, we expect to be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business, principally personal injury and property casualty claims. Such claims, even if lacking in merit, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. We are not aware of any claim ~~other than~~ that ~~described below, which~~ is reasonably possible and should be disclosed or probable and for which a provision should be established in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements. Also, if applicable, we record undiscounted receivables for probable loss

Table of Contents

recoveries from insurance or other parties. We are not aware of any material claim that is reasonably possible and should be disclosed in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

~~16.~~15. Subsequent Events

~~Interest Rate Swap~~Dividend

On January 20, 2023, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement with ING in order to manage our variable interest rate exposure risk by effectively converting a portion of our debt from a floating to a fixed rate. The notional value increases as other swaps amortize and then decreases with the debt outstanding under the 2022 Debt Facility until final settlement in July 2029. The effect is to maintain a constant ratio between the debt outstanding under the 2022 Debt Facility and the notional hedges. The initial notional value is $3.5 million with an effective date of June 26, 2023 and a fixed interest rate of 2.8525%.

~~Dividend~~

~~On February 1, 2023,~~24, 2024, we announced that our Board of Directors declared an irregular cash dividend of $1.00 per share of the Company’s common stock, returning $40.6 million of capital to shareholders. The dividend is payable on or about February 27, 2024 to all shareholders of record as of the close of business on February ~~15, 2023, totaling $40.4 million. The dividend is payable on or about February 28, 2023.~~5, 2024.

VLGC/AC Installment Payment

On January 16, 2024, we paid $23.8 million to Hanwha Ocean Ltd. as the first installment under the shipbuilding contract for the VLGC/AC.

Repurchase of Our Common Shares

On January 11, 2024, we repurchased 25,000 of our common shares for $1.0 million pursuant to our 2022 Common Share Repurchase Authority, which we held as treasury shares. As of January 26, 2024, we repurchased a total of 75,000 shares of our common stock for approximately $1.8 million under this program, resulting in $98.2 million of available authorization remaining.

1918

Table of Contents

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as those set forth under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” herein and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements. Please also see the section entitled “Forward-Looking Statements” included in this quarterly report.

Overview

We are a Marshall Islands corporation headquartered in the United States and primarily focused on owning and operating VLGCs, each with a cargo-carrying capacity of greater than 80,000 cbm, in the LPG shipping industry. Our founding executives have managed vessels in the LPG shipping market since 2002. Our fleet currently consists of ~~twenty-two~~twenty-five VLGC carriers, including one dual-fuel 84,000 cbm ECO-design VLGC, or our Dual-fuel ECO VLGC; nineteen fuel-efficient 84,000 cbm ~~ECO-VLGCs,~~ECO-design VLGCs, or our ECO VLGCs; one 82,000 cbm ~~VLGCs, and two~~modern VLGC; three time chartered-in ~~ECO-VLGCs. We have equipped twelve of our ECO-VLGCs~~dual fuel Panamax size VLGCs; and one time chartered-in ~~one vessel with scrubbers and we have commitments related to scrubbers on an additional three of~~ECO VLGC. The twenty-five VLGCs in our fleet, including the four time chartered-in vessels, as of January ~~27, 2023.~~26, 2024, have an aggregate carrying capacity of approximately 2.1 million cbm and an average age of 7.2 years. Currently, fifteen of our ECO VLGCs, including one of our time chartered-in ECO-VLGCs, are fitted with exhaust gas cleaning systems (commonly referred to as “scrubbers”) to reduce sulfur emissions. An additional technically-managed VLGC has contractual commitments to be equipped with a scrubber with installation expected to be completed during our fiscal year 2025. Vessels fitted with scrubbers allow us to reduce our emissions and to burn less refined fuel, which is frequently cheaper than more refined, lower sulfur grades. When the cost of more refined fuel exceeds that of less refined fuel, we are typically able to earn a higher TCE for spot voyages and to potentially contract time charters at higher rates compared to vessels without scrubbers.

~~Dorian’s nineteen ECO-VLGCs, which incorporate fuel efficiency, emission-reducing technologies,~~ On November 24, 2023, we entered into an agreement for a newbuilding VLGC/AC with a cargo carrying capacity of 93,000 cbm that can transport LPG or ammonia and ~~certain custom features, were acquired by us for an aggregate purchase price~~is expected to be delivered from Hanwha Ocean Co. Ltd. in the third calendar quarter of ~~$1.4 billion and delivered to us between July 2014 and February 2016, seventeen of which were delivered during calendar year 2015 or later.~~2026.

Our customers, either directly or through the Helios Pool, include or have included global energy companies such as Exxon Mobil Corp., Chevron Corp., China International United Petroleum & Chemicals Co., Ltd., Royal Dutch Shell plc, Equinor ASA, Total S.A., and Sunoco LP, commodity traders such as Glencore plc, Itochu Corporation, Bayegan Group, ~~Vilma Oil SL,~~ and the Vitol Group and importers such as E1 Corp., Indian Oil Corporation, SK Gas Co. Ltd., and Astomos Energy Corporation, ~~and Oriental Energy Company Ltd.~~ or subsidiaries of the foregoing.

We continue to pursue a balanced chartering strategy by employing our vessels on a mix of multi-year time charters, some of which may include a profit-sharing component, shorter-term time charters, spot market voyages and COAs. Currently, two of our VLGCs are on fixed-rate time charters outside of the Helios Pool. See “Our Fleet” below for more information and the definition of Pool-TCO.

Recent Developments

~~Interest Rate Swap~~Dividend

~~Table of Contents~~

~~Dividend~~

On ~~February 1, 2023,~~January 24, 2024, we announced that our Board of Directors declared an irregular cash dividend of $1.00 per share of the Company’s common stock, returning $40.6 million of capital to shareholders. The dividend is payable on or about February 27, 2024 to all shareholders of record as of the close of business on February ~~15, 2023, totaling $40.4 million. The dividend is payable on or about February 28, 2023.~~5, 2024.

Table of Contents

VLGC/AC Installment Payment

On January 16, 2024, we paid $23.8 million to Hanwha Ocean Ltd. as the first installment under the shipbuilding contract for the VLGC/AC.

Repurchase of Our Common Shares

Our Fleet

The following table sets forth certain information regarding our fleet as of January ~~27, 2023.~~26, 2024:

Scrubber

Time

Capacity

ECO

Scrubber

Charter

Capacity

ECO

Equipped

Charter-Out

(Cbm)

Shipyard

Year Built

Vessel⁽¹⁾

Equipped

Employment

Expiration⁽²⁾

(Cbm)

Shipyard

Year Built

Vessel⁽¹⁾

or Dual-Fuel

Employment

Expiration⁽²⁾

Dorian VLGCs

Captain John NP

82,000

Hyundai

2007

—

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

82,000

Hyundai

2007

—

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

Comet

84,000

Hyundai

2014

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

84,000

Hyundai

2014

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

Corsair⁽³⁾

84,000

Hyundai

2014

Time Charter⁽⁶⁾

Q4 2024

84,000

Hyundai

2014

Time Charter⁽⁶⁾

Q4 2024

Corvette

84,000

Hyundai

2015

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

84,000

Hyundai

2015

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

Cougar⁽³⁾

84,000

Hyundai

2015

—

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

84,000

Hyundai

2015

—

Pool-TCO⁽⁵⁾

Q2 2025

Concorde

84,000

Hyundai

2015

Time Charter⁽⁷⁾

Q1 2024

84,000

Hyundai

2015

Time Charter⁽⁷⁾

Q1 2024

Cobra

84,000

Hyundai

2015

—

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

84,000

Hyundai

2015

—

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

Continental

84,000

Hyundai

2015

—

Pool-TCO⁽⁵⁾

Q4 2023

84,000

Hyundai

2015

—

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

Constitution

84,000

Hyundai

2015

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

84,000

Hyundai

2015

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

Commodore

84,000

Hyundai

2015

—

Pool-TCO⁽⁵⁾

Q1 2023

84,000

Hyundai

2015

—

Pool-TCO⁽⁵⁾

Q2 2024

Cresques⁽³⁾

84,000

Daewoo

2015

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

84,000

Daewoo

2015

Pool-TCO⁽⁵⁾

Q2 2025

Constellation

84,000

Hyundai

2015

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

84,000

Hyundai

2015

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

Cheyenne

84,000

Hyundai

2015

Pool-TCO⁽⁵⁾

Q2 2023

84,000

Hyundai

2015

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

Clermont

84,000

Hyundai

2015

Pool-TCO⁽⁵⁾

Q1 2023

84,000

Hyundai

2015

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

Cratis⁽³⁾

84,000

Daewoo

2015

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

84,000

Daewoo

2015

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

Chaparral⁽³⁾

84,000

Hyundai

2015

—

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

84,000

Hyundai

2015

—

Pool-TCO⁽⁵⁾

Q2 2025

Copernicus⁽³⁾

84,000

Daewoo

2015

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

84,000

Daewoo

2015

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

Commander

84,000

Hyundai

2015

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

84,000

Hyundai

2015

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

Challenger

84,000

Hyundai

2015

—

Pool-TCO⁽⁵⁾

Q2 2023

84,000

Hyundai

2015

Pool-TCO⁽⁵⁾

Q3 2026

Caravelle⁽³⁾

84,000

Hyundai

2016

—

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

84,000

Hyundai

2016

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

Captain Markos⁽³⁾

84,000

Kawasaki

2023

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

Total

1,678,000

1,762,000

Time chartered-in VLGCs

Future Diamond⁽⁸⁾

80,876

Hyundai

2020

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

80,876

Hyundai

2020

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

Astomos Venus⁽⁹⁾

77,367

Mitsubishi

2016

—

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

HLS Citrine⁽⁹⁾

86,090

Hyundai

2023

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

HLS Diamond⁽¹⁰⁾

86,090

Hyundai

2023

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

Cristobal⁽¹¹⁾

86,980

Hyundai

2023

Pool⁽⁴⁾

—

(1)	Represents vessels with very low revolutions per minute, long-stroke, electronically controlled engines, larger propellers, advanced hull design, and low friction paint.

(2)	Represents calendar year quarters.

(3)	Operated pursuant to a bareboat chartering ~~agreement as of January 27, 2023.~~agreement. See Note 76 to our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included herein.

(4)	“Pool” indicates that the vessel operates in the Helios Pool on a voyage charter with a third party and we receive a portion of the pool profits calculated according to a formula based on the vessel’s pro rata performance in the pool.

(5)	“Pool-TCO” indicates that the vessel is operated in the Helios Pool on a time charter out to a third party and we receive a portion of the pool profits calculated according to a formula based on the vessel’s pro rata performance in the pool.

(6)	Currently on a time charter with an oil major that began in November 2019.

(7)	Currently on time charter with a major oil company that began in March 2019.

(8)	Currently time chartered-in to our fleet with an expiration during the first calendar quarter of 2025.

Table of Contents

(9)	~~Currently~~Vessel has a Panamax beam and is currently time chartered-in to our fleet with an expiration during the first calendar quarter of 2030 and purchase options beginning in year seven.

(10)	Vessel has a Panamax beam and is currently time chartered-in to our fleet with an expiration during the first calendar quarter of 2030 and purchase options beginning in year seven.

(11)	Vessel has a Panamax beam and shaft generator and is currently time chartered-in to our fleet with an expiration during the third calendar quarter of ~~2023.~~2030 and purchase options beginning in year seven.

~~Table of Contents~~

Results of Operations – For the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 as compared to the three months ended December 31, ~~2021~~2022

Revenues

The following table compares our revenues for the three months ended December 31:


					Increase /		Percent								Percent
	2022		2021		(Decrease)		Change		2023		2022		Increase		Change
Net pool revenues—related party	$	96,558,251	$	62,856,243	$	33,702,008	53.6	%	$	155,922,970	$	96,558,251	$	59,364,719	61.5	%
Time charter revenues		5,971,056		5,301,134		669,922	12.6	%		6,410,997		5,971,056		439,941	7.4	%
Other revenues, net		792,949		442,405		350,544	79.2	%		730,536		792,949		(62,413)	(7.9)	%
Total	$	103,322,256	$	68,599,782	$	34,722,474	50.6	%	$	163,064,503	$	103,322,256	$	59,742,247	57.8	%

Revenues, which represent net pool revenues—related party, time charters and other revenues, net, were ~~$103.3~~$163.1 million for the three months ended December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, an increase of ~~$34.7~~$59.8 million, or ~~50.6%~~57.8%, from ~~$68.6~~$103.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2021 primarily due to an increase in average TCE rates, partially offset by a decrease in fleet utilization. Average TCE rates increased by $19,260 per operating day from $33,508 for the three months ended December 31, 2021 to $52,768 for the three months ended December 31, 2022 primarily due to an increase in average TCE rates and fleet size, partially offset by a reduction of fleet utilization. Average TCE rates increased by $23,569 per operating day from $52,768 for the three months ended December 31, 2022 to $76,337 for the three months ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to higher spot rates ~~despite higher~~and moderately lower bunker prices. The Baltic Exchange Liquid Petroleum Gas Index, an index published daily by the Baltic Exchange for the spot market rate for the benchmark Ras Tanura-Chiba route (expressed as U.S. dollars per metric ton), averaged ~~$119.106~~$132.773 during the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared to an average of ~~$59.252~~$119.106 for the three months ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. The average price of very low sulfur fuel oil (expressed as U.S. dollars per metric ton) from Singapore and Fujairah ~~increased~~decreased slightly from ~~$609 during the three months ended December 31, 2021, to~~ $676 during the three months ended December 31, ~~2022. Our fleet utilization decreased from 98.5%~~2022, to $653 during the three months ended December 31, ~~2021~~2023. Our available days increased from 1,993 for the three months ended December 31, 2022 to 2,272 for the three months ended December 31, 2023 due to three additional vessels in our fleet. Our fleet utilization decreased from 97.8% during the three months ended December 31, ~~2022.~~2022 to 93.6% during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

Charter Hire Expenses

Charter hire expenses for the vessels chartered in from third parties were ~~$5.2~~$8.4 million and ~~$4.9~~$5.2 million for the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. The increase of ~~$0.3~~$3.2 million, or ~~6.1%~~60.3%, was mainly caused by an increase in the number of chartered-in days from ~~169 for the three months ended December 31, 2021 to~~ 184 for the three months ended December 31, ~~2022.~~2022 to 368 for the three months ended December 31, 2023, offset by certain credits claimed under the terms of the time charters.

Vessel Operating Expenses

Vessel operating expenses were ~~$17.9~~$19.2 million during the three months ended December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, or ~~$9,739~~$9,936 per vessel per calendar day, which is calculated by dividing vessel operating expenses by calendar days for the relevant time-period for the technically-managed vessels that were in our fleet. The ~~decrease~~increase of ~~$0.3~~$1.3 million, or ~~1.6%~~7.1% from ~~$18.2~~$17.9 million for the three months ended December 31, ~~2021~~2022 was partially due to ~~a reduction~~an increase in operating expenses per vessel per calendar day along with an increase of calendar days for our fleet from ~~1,932 during the three months ended December 31, 2021 to~~ 1,840 during the three months ended December 31, 2022 ~~driven by the sale of~~ ~~Captain Nicholas ML~~ ~~prior~~ to 1,932 during the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 days resulting from the delivery of our dual-fuel VLGC Captain Markos in March 2023. The increase of ~~$315~~$197 per vessel per calendar day, from ~~$9,423~~$9,739 for the three months ended December 31, ~~2021~~2022 to ~~$9,739~~$9,936 per vessel per calendar day for the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 was primarily the result of increases of ~~$115~~$444 per vessel per calendar day ~~in operating expenses related to lubricants, $110~~for spares and stores and

Table of Contents

$120 per vessel per calendar day ~~in operating expenses related to~~for repairs and maintenance, ~~and spares and stores, and $65~~partially offset by decreases of $172 per vessel per calendar day ~~in operating expenses related to~~for crew wages and related costs and $176 per vessel per calendar day for ~~the three months ended December 31, 2022.~~miscellaneous expenses.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses were $7.7 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, an increase of $0.8 million, or 10.2%, from $6.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022 ~~an increase of $1.0 million, or 18.4%, from $5.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2021. This increase~~and was driven by ~~$0.2 million in financial support for the families of our Ukrainian and Russian seafarers affected by the events in Ukraine and~~ increases of ~~$0.4 million and $0.4~~$0.3 million in stock-based compensation, $0.2 million in cash bonuses, and $0.3 million in other general and administrative ~~expenses, respectively, for the three months ended December 31, 2022.~~expenses.

~~Table of Contents~~

Interest and Finance Costs

Interest and finance costs amounted to $10.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, an increase of $1.5 million, or 16.7%, from $8.6 million for the three months ended December 31, ~~2022, an increase of $1.2 million, or 16.5%, from $7.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2021.~~2022. The increase of ~~$1.2~~$1.5 million during this period was mainly due to ~~an increase~~increases of ~~$3.1~~$1.0 million in loan interest ~~incurred on our long-term debt, partially offset by~~and a ~~decrease~~reduction of ~~$1.5~~$0.4 million in ~~amortization of financing costs resulting from the refinancing of~~ ~~Commander~~ ~~and~~ ~~Constellation~~ ~~during the three months ended December 31, 2021, and an increase in~~ capitalized ~~interest of $0.3 million.~~interest. The increase in interest on our long-term debt was driven by an increase in average interest rates due to rising SOFR on our floating-rate long-term debt, ~~and an increase~~partially offset by a decrease in average indebtedness, excluding deferred financing fees, from ~~$576.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2021 to~~ $645.0 million for the three months ended December 31, ~~2022. The increase in average indebtedness is due~~2022 to ~~the 2022 Debt Facility refinancing prior to~~$633.2 million for the three months ended December 31, ~~2022.~~2023. As of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the outstanding balance of our long-term debt, net of deferred financing fees of ~~$6.3~~$5.6 million, was ~~$629.3~~$618.1 million.

Unrealized ~~Gain/(Loss)~~Loss on Derivatives

Unrealized loss on derivatives amounted to $6.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, compared to a loss of $0.7 million for the three months ended December 31, ~~2022, compared to a gain of $3.1~~2022. The $5.4 million ~~for the three months ended December 31, 2021. The $3.8 million swing~~increase is primarily attributable to ~~reductions in notional amounts and an unfavorable change~~changes in forward SOFR yield ~~curves (forward LIBOR curves in the prior period).~~curves.

Realized ~~Gain/(Loss)~~Gain on Derivatives

Realized gain on derivatives amounted to $1.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, compared to a realized gain of $1.4 million for the three months ended December 31, ~~2022, compared to a realized loss of $0.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2021.~~2022. The favorable ~~$2.3~~$0.5 million difference is due to an increase in floating SOFR resulting in the realized gain on our interest rate swaps.

Results of Operations – For the nine months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 as compared to the nine months ended December 31, ~~2021~~2022

Revenues

The following table compares our revenues for the nine months ended December 31:


					Increase /		Percent								Percent
	2022		2021		(Decrease)		Change		2023		2022		Increase		Change
Net pool revenues—related party	$	237,314,421	$	174,739,894	$	62,574,527	35.8	%	$	398,160,923	$	237,314,421	$	160,846,502	67.8	%
Time charter revenues		17,410,513		15,915,876		1,494,637	9.4	%		19,310,237		17,410,513		1,899,724	10.9	%
Other revenues, net		1,389,231		3,981,608		(2,592,377)	(65.1)	%		1,854,712		1,389,231		465,481	33.5	%
Total	$	256,114,165	$	194,637,378	$	61,476,787	31.6	%	$	419,325,872	$	256,114,165	$	163,211,707	63.7	%

Revenues, which represent net pool revenues—related party, time charters and other revenues, net, were ~~$256.1~~$419.3 million for the nine months ended December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, an increase of ~~$61.5~~$163.2 million, or ~~31.6%~~63.7%, from ~~$194.6~~$256.1 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2021 primarily due to an increase in average TCE rates, partially offset by a decrease in fleet utilization. Average TCE rates increased by $12,401 per operating day from $32,034 for the nine months ended December 31, 2021 to $44,435 for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 primarily due to an increase in average TCE rates, fleet utilization, and fleet size. Average TCE rates increased by $19,685 per operating day from $44,435 for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 to $64,120 for the nine months ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to higher spot rates ~~despite higher~~and lower bunker prices. The Baltic Exchange Liquid Petroleum Gas Index, an index published daily by the Baltic Exchange for the spot market rate for the benchmark Ras Tanura-Chiba route (expressed as U.S. dollars per metric ton), averaged ~~$86.882~~ $116.860

Table of Contents

during the nine months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared to an average of ~~$51.201~~$86.882 for the nine months ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. The average price of very low sulfur fuel oil (expressed as U.S. dollars per metric ton), from Singapore and Fujairah ~~increased~~decreased from ~~$552 during the nine months ended December 31, 2021, to~~ $827 during the nine months ended December 31, ~~2022. Our fleet utilization decreased from 96.8%~~2022, to $621 during the nine months ended December 31, ~~2021 to~~2023. Our fleet utilization increased from 94.8% during the nine months ended December 31, ~~2022.~~2022 to 96% during the nine months ended December 31, 2023. Our available days increased from 6,019 for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 to 6,775 for the nine months ended December 31, 2023 due to three additional vessels in our fleet, offset somewhat by vessels in drydock during the period.

~~Table of Contents~~

Charter Hire Expenses

Charter hire expenses for the vessels chartered in from third parties were ~~$16.0~~$31.0 million and ~~$10.8~~$16.0 million for the nine months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. The increase of ~~$5.2~~$15.0 million, or ~~47.5%~~93.9%, was mainly caused by an increase in the number of chartered-in days from ~~399 for the nine months ended December 31, 2021 to~~ 550 for the nine months ended December 31, ~~2022.~~2022 to 1,148 for the nine months ended December 31, 2023, offset by certain credits claimed under the terms of the time charters.

Vessel Operating Expenses

Vessel operating expenses were ~~$52.5~~$60.0 million during the nine months ended December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, or ~~$9,553~~$10,392 per vessel per calendar day, which is calculated by dividing vessel operating expenses by calendar days for the relevant time-period for the technically-managed vessels that were in our fleet. The ~~decrease~~increase of ~~$4.4~~$7.5 million, or ~~7.7%~~14.2% from ~~$56.9~~$52.5 million for the nine months ended December 31, ~~2021~~2022 was partially due ~~to a reduction~~an increase in operating expenses per vessel per calendar day along with an increase of calendar days for our fleet from ~~5,935 during the nine months ended December 31, 2021 to~~ 5,500 during the nine months ended December 31, 2022 ~~driven by the sales of~~ ~~Captain Markos NL~~ ~~and~~ ~~Captain Nicholas ML~~ ~~prior~~ to 5,775 during the nine months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 resulting from the delivery of our dual-fuel VLGC Captain Markos in March 2023. ~~On a per vessel per calendar day basis, vessel operating expenses were relatively flat, slightly decreasing $37~~The increase of $839 per vessel per calendar day, from ~~$9,590~~$9,553 for the nine months ended December 31, ~~2021~~2022 to ~~$9,553~~$10,392 per vessel per calendar day for the nine months ended December 31, ~~2022. The slight reduction~~2023 was primarily the result of ~~a decrease~~increases of ~~$154~~$517 per vessel per calendar day ~~in operating expenses related to repairs and maintenance, and~~for spares and stores, ~~partially offset by an increase of $134~~$276 per vessel per calendar day for repairs and maintenance and $131 per vessel per calendar day for miscellaneous expenses. Of the $839 per day increase in daily operating expense, $266 per vessel per calendar day was related to non-capitalizable drydock-related operating expenses. Excluding those amounts, daily operating expenses ~~related to lubricants.~~increased by $573 from the period ended December 31, 2022.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses were $30.5 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2023, an increase of $6.0 million, or 24.1%, from $24.5 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 ~~an increase~~primarily driven by increases of ~~$1.2~~$2.9 million ~~or 5.5%, from $23.3~~in stock-based compensation, $2.0 million in cash bonuses, $1.0 million in employee-related costs and benefits, and $0.1 million in other general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended December 31, 2021. This increase was driven by $0.8 million in financial support for the families of our Ukrainian and Russian seafarers affected by the events in Ukraine and increases of $0.8 million and $0.7 million in stock-based compensation and other general and administrative expenses, respectively, for the nine months ended December 31, 2022. This was partially offset by a reduction in employee-related expenses of $1.1 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2022.2023.

Interest and Finance Costs

Interest and finance costs amounted to $30.8 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2023, an increase of $2.2 million, or 7.7%, from $28.6 million for the nine months ended December 31, ~~2022, an increase of $10.0 million, or 53.6%, from $18.6 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2021.~~2022. The increase of ~~$10.0~~$2.2 million during this period was mainly due to ~~increases~~an increase of ~~(1) $8.0~~$6.3 million in interest incurred on our long-term debt ~~(2) $2.0~~and a reduction of $1.0 million in ~~accelerated~~capitalized interest offset by reductions of $4.3 million in amortization of financing costs ~~resulting from~~(due to accelerated amortization for the ~~repayment~~refinancing of ~~the 2015 AR Facility and long-term debt on~~ ~~Concorde~~ ~~and~~ ~~Corvette~~~~, (3) $1.0 million in loan expenses driven by increases in average interest rates on~~ our long-term debt ~~due to rising SOFR on our floating-rate long-term debt,~~in the prior period) and $0.9 million in ~~capitalized interest.~~loan expenses. The increase in interest on our long-term debt was driven by an increase in average interest rates due to rising SOFR on our floating-rate long-term debt, ~~and an increase~~partially offset by a decrease in average indebtedness, excluding deferred financing fees, from ~~$587.7 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2021 to~~ $663.6 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 ~~driven by the 2022 Debt Facility refinancing during~~to $646.5 million for the nine months ended December 31, ~~2022.~~2023. As of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the outstanding balance of our long-term debt, net of deferred financing fees of ~~$6.3~~$5.6 million, was ~~$629.3~~$618.1 million.

Table of Contents

Unrealized ~~Gain~~Gain/(Loss) on Derivatives

Unrealized ~~gain~~loss on derivatives amounted to $1.7 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2023, compared to a gain of $4.8 million for the nine months ended December 31, ~~2022, compared to $4.2~~2022. The $6.5 million ~~for the nine months ended December 31, 2021. The $0.6 million difference~~unfavorable change is ~~primarily~~ attributable to ~~favorable~~ changes in forward SOFR yield curves ~~(forward LIBOR curves~~and reductions in ~~the prior period).~~notional amounts.

Realized ~~Gain/(Loss)~~Gain on Derivatives

Realized gain on derivatives amounted to $5.7 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2023, compared to $2.0 million for the nine months ended December 31, ~~2022, compared to a realized loss of $2.7 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2021.~~2022. The favorable ~~$4.7~~$3.7 million difference is due to an increase in floating SOFR resulting in the realized gain on our interest rate swaps.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~Gain on Disposal of Vessel~~

~~Gain on disposal of vessel amounted to $3.5 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2021 and was attributable to the sale of~~ ~~Captain Markos NL~~~~. There was no gain on disposal of vessel for the nine months ended December 31, 2022.~~

Operating Statistics and Reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP Measures

To supplement our financial statements presented in accordance with U.S.GAAP, we present certain operating statistics and non-GAAP measures to assist in the evaluation of our business performance. These non-GAAP measures include Adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”) and time charter equivalent rate. These non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for net income and revenues, which are the most directly comparable measures of performance prepared in accordance with GAAP.

We use these non-GAAP measures in assessing the performance of our ongoing operations and in planning and forecasting future periods. These adjusted measures provide a more comparable basis to analyze operating results and earnings and are measures commonly used by shareholders to measure our performance. We believe that these adjusted measures, when considered together with the corresponding U.S. GAAP measures and the reconciliations to those measures, provide meaningful supplemental information to assist investors and analysts in understanding our business results and assessing our prospects for future performance.



	Three months ended						Nine months ended						Three months ended						Nine months ended
(in U.S. dollars, except fleet data)	December 31, 2022			December 31, 2021			December 31, 2022			December 31, 2021			December 31, 2023			December 31, 2022			December 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Financial Data
Adjusted EBITDA⁽¹⁾	$	76,200,480		$	39,370,204		$	169,320,890		$	107,067,810		$	132,968,450		$	76,200,480		$	312,382,774		$	169,320,890
Fleet Data
Calendar days⁽²⁾		1,840			1,932			5,500			5,935			1,932			1,840			5,775			5,500
Time chartered-in days⁽³⁾		184			169			550			399			368			184			1,148			550
Available days⁽⁴⁾		1,993			2,054			6,019			6,176			2,272			1,993			6,775			6,019
Operating days⁽⁵⁾⁽⁸⁾		1,950			2,024			5,706			5,976			2,126			1,950			6,504			5,706
Fleet utilization⁽⁶⁾⁽⁸⁾		97.8	%		98.5	%		94.8	%		96.8	%		93.6	%		97.8	%		96.0	%		94.8	%
Average Daily Results
Time charter equivalent rate⁽⁷⁾⁽⁸⁾	$	52,768		$	33,508		$	44,435		$	32,034		$	76,337		$	52,768		$	64,120		$	44,435
Daily vessel operating expenses⁽⁹⁾	$	9,739		$	9,423		$	9,553		$	9,590		$	9,936		$	9,739		$	10,392		$	9,553

(1)

Adjusted EBITDA is an unaudited non-U.S. GAAP measure and represents net income/(loss) before interest and finance costs, unrealized (gain)/loss on derivatives, realized (gain)/loss on interest rate swaps, stock-based compensation expense, impairment, and depreciation and amortization and is used as a supplemental measure by management to assess our financial and operating performance. We believe that adjusted EBITDA assists our management and investors by increasing the comparability of our performance from period to period and management makes business and resource-allocation decisions based on such comparisons. This increased comparability is achieved by excluding the potentially disparate effects between periods of derivatives, interest and finance costs, stock-based compensation expense, impairment, and depreciation and amortization expense, which items are affected by various and possibly changing financing methods, capital structure and historical cost basis and which items may significantly affect net income/(loss) between periods. We believe that including adjusted EBITDA as a financial and operating measure benefits investors in selecting between investing in us and other investment alternatives.

Adjusted EBITDA has certain limitations in use and should not be considered an alternative to net income/(loss), operating income, cash flow from operating activities or any other measure of financial performance presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA excludes some, but not all, items that affect net income/(loss). Adjusted EBITDA as presented

Table of Contents

below may not be computed consistently with similarly titled measures of other companies and, therefore, might not be comparable with other companies.

~~Table of Contents~~

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA (unaudited) for the periods presented:


	Three months ended				Nine months ended				Three months ended				Nine months ended
(in U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Net income	$	51,263,710	$	16,580,885	$	96,422,895	$	36,551,788	$	99,972,913	$	51,263,710	$	228,206,715	$	96,422,895
Interest and finance costs		8,636,387		7,412,231		28,592,104		18,619,712		10,076,638		8,636,387		30,795,368		28,592,104
Unrealized (gain)/loss on derivatives		700,015		(3,056,741)		(4,847,064)		(4,205,465)		6,070,320		700,015		1,650,452		(4,847,064)
Realized (gain)/loss on interest rate swaps		(1,404,004)		895,782		(1,997,815)		2,714,337
Realized gain on interest rate swaps										(1,916,347)		(1,404,004)		(5,692,328)		(1,997,815)
Stock-based compensation expense		1,044,645		678,823		3,443,845		2,616,201		1,384,080		1,044,645		6,340,485		3,443,845
Depreciation and amortization		15,959,727		16,859,224		47,706,925		50,771,237		17,380,846		15,959,727		51,082,082		47,706,925
Adjusted EBITDA	$	76,200,480	$	39,370,204	$	169,320,890	$	107,067,810	$	132,968,450	$	76,200,480	$	312,382,774	$	169,320,890

(2)

We define calendar days as the total number of days in a period during which each vessel in our fleet was owned or operated pursuant to a bareboat charter. Calendar days are an indicator of the size of the fleet over a period and affect both the amount of revenues and the amount of expenses that are recorded during that period.

(3)

We define time chartered-in days as the aggregate number of days in a period during which we time chartered-in vessels from third parties. Time chartered-in days are an indicator of the size of the fleet over a period and affect both the amount of revenues and the amount of charter hire expenses that are recorded during that period.

(4)

We define available days as the sum of calendar days and time chartered-in days (collectively representing our commercially-managed vessels) less aggregate off hire days associated with scheduled maintenance, which include major repairs, drydockings, vessel upgrades or special or intermediate surveys. We use available days to measure the aggregate number of days in a period that our vessels should be capable of generating revenues.

(5)

We define operating days as available days less the aggregate number of days that the commercially-managed vessels in our fleet are off‑hire for any reason other than scheduled maintenance (e.g., commercial waiting, repositioning following drydocking, ~~commercial waiting,~~ etc.). We use operating days to measure the number of days in a period that our operating vessels are on hire (refer to 8 below).

(6)

We calculate fleet utilization by dividing the number of operating days during a period by the number of available days during that period. An increase in non-scheduled off-hire days would reduce our operating days, and, therefore, our fleet utilization. We use fleet utilization to measure our ability to efficiently find suitable employment for our vessels.

(7)

Time charter equivalent rate, or TCE rate, is a non-U.S. GAAP measure of the average daily revenue performance of a vessel. TCE rate is a shipping industry performance measure used primarily to compare period‑to‑period changes in a shipping company’s performance despite changes in the mix of charter types (such as time charters, voyage charters) under which the vessels may be employed between the periods and is a factor in management’s business ~~decisions.~~decisions and is useful to investors in understanding our underlying performance and business trends. Our method of calculating TCE rate is to divide revenue net of voyage expenses by operating days for the relevant time period, which may not be calculated the same by other companies. Note that our calculation of TCE includes our portion of the net profit of the Helios Pool, which may also cause our calculation to differ from that of companies which do not account for pooling arrangements as we do.

2625

Table of Contents

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of revenues to TCE rate (unaudited) for the periods presented:



(in U.S. dollars, except operating days)	Three months ended					Nine months ended			Three months ended					Nine months ended
Numerator:	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Revenues	$	103,322,256	$	68,599,782	$	256,114,165	$	194,637,378	$	163,064,503	$	103,322,256	$	419,325,872	$	256,114,165
Voyage expenses		(424,343)		(779,746)		(2,567,506)		(3,200,751)		(772,879)		(424,343)		(2,292,490)		(2,567,506)
Time charter equivalent	$	102,897,913	$	67,820,036	$	253,546,659	$	191,436,627	$	162,291,624	$	102,897,913	$	417,033,382	$	253,546,659

Pool adjustment*		(99,984)		—		(514,015)		(2,978)		1,301,452		(99,984)		895,272		(514,015)
Time charter equivalent excluding pool adjustment*	$	102,797,929	$	67,820,036	$	253,032,644	$	191,433,649	$	163,593,076	$	102,797,929	$	417,928,654	$	253,032,644

Denominator:
Operating days		1,950		2,024		5,706		5,976		2,126		1,950		6,504		5,706
TCE rate:
Time charter equivalent rate	$	52,768	$	33,508	$	44,435	$	32,034	$	76,337	$	52,768	$	64,120	$	44,435
TCE rate excluding pool adjustment*	$	52,717	$	33,508	$	44,345	$	32,034	$	76,949	$	52,717	$	64,257	$	44,345

* Adjusted for the ~~effect~~effects of reallocations of pool profits in accordance with the pool participation agreements ~~due to adjustments related to~~primarily resulting from the actual speed and consumption performance of the vessels operating in the Helios ~~Pool.~~Pool exceeding the originally estimated speed and consumption levels.

(8)

We determine operating days for each vessel based on the underlying vessel employment, including our vessels in the Helios Pool, or the Company Methodology. If we were to calculate operating days for each vessel within the Helios Pool as a variable rate time charter, or the Alternate Methodology, our operating days and fleet utilization would be increased with a corresponding reduction to our TCE rate. Operating data using both methodologies is as follows:



	Three months ended						Nine months ended						Three months ended						Nine months ended
Company Methodology:	December 31, 2022			December 31, 2021			December 31, 2022			December 31, 2021			December 31, 2023			December 31, 2022			December 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Operating Days		1,950			2,024			5,706			5,976			2,126			1,950			6,504			5,706
Fleet Utilization		97.8	%		98.5	%		94.8	%		96.8	%		93.6	%		97.8	%		96.0	%		94.8	%
Time charter equivalent rate	$	52,768		$	33,508		$	44,435		$	32,034		$	76,337		$	52,768		$	64,120		$	44,435

Alternate Methodology:
Operating Days		1,993			2,054			6,002			6,173			2,272			1,993			6,774			6,002
Fleet Utilization		100.0	%		100.0	%		99.7	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		99.7	%
Time charter equivalent rate	$	51,630		$	33,019		$	42,244		$	31,012		$	71,431		$	51,630		$	61,564		$	42,244

We believe that the Company Methodology using the underlying vessel employment provides more meaningful insight into market conditions and the performance of our vessels.

(9)	Daily vessel operating expenses are calculated by dividing vessel operating expenses by calendar days for the relevant time period.

~~Table of Contents~~

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our business is capital intensive, and our future success depends on our ability to maintain a high-quality fleet. As of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of ~~$129.8~~$208.5 million and non-current restricted cash of $0.1 million.

Our primary ~~sources~~source of capital during the nine months ended December 31, ~~2022 were $126.0~~2023 was $234.2 million in cash generated from ~~operations and $29.9 million in net proceeds from the refinancing of~~ ~~Cougar~~.operations. As of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the outstanding balance of our long-term debt, net of deferred financing fees of ~~$6.3~~$5.6 million, was ~~$629.3~~$618.1 million including ~~$52.1~~$53.4 million of principal on our long-term debt scheduled to be repaid within the next twelve months.

Operating expenses, including expenses to maintain the quality of our vessels in order to comply with international shipping standards and environmental laws and regulations, the funding of working capital requirements, installment payments on our VLGC/AC, long-term debt repayments, financing costs, commitments ~~under the bareboat charter~~ for ~~a newbuilding dual-fuel VLGC,~~drydocking and ~~drydocking on certain~~

Table of ~~our VLGCs~~Contents

scrubbers represent our short-term, medium-term and long-term liquidity needs as of December 31, ~~2022.~~2023. We anticipate satisfying our liquidity needs for at least the next twelve months with cash on hand and cash from ~~operations.~~operations and drawdowns on the revolving credit facility available under the 2023 A&R Debt Facility, if needed. We may also seek additional liquidity ~~by drawing down our $20.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility or~~ through alternative sources of debt financings and/or through equity financings by way of private or public offerings. However, if these sources are insufficient to satisfy our short-term liquidity needs, or to satisfy our future medium-term or long-term liquidity needs, we may need to seek alternative sources of financing and/or modifications of our existing credit facility and financing arrangements. There is no assurance that we will be able to obtain any such financing or modifications to our existing credit facility and financing arrangements on terms acceptable to us, or at all.

On ~~May 4, 2022,~~April 26, 2023, we announced that our Board of Directors declared an irregular cash dividend of ~~$2.50~~$1.00 per share of our common stock to all shareholders of record as of the close of business on May ~~16, 2022,~~8, 2023, totaling ~~$100.3~~$40.4 million. We paid ~~$99.7~~$40.1 million on ~~June 2, 2022~~May 22, 2023 with the remaining ~~$0.6~~$0.3 million deferred until certain shares of restricted stock vest.

On June 15, ~~2022,~~2023, we paid ~~$0.2~~$0.4 million of dividends that were deferred until the vesting of certain restricted stock.

On ~~August 5, 2022, we paid $0.4 million of dividends that were deferred until the vesting of certain restricted stock.~~

On October ~~27, 2022,~~6, 2023, we announced that our Board of Directors declared an irregular cash dividend of $1.00 per share of the Company’s common stock to all shareholders of record as of the close of business on ~~November 7, 2022, totaling $40.4 million.~~October 20, 2023. We paid ~~$40.1~~$40.3 million on ~~December 6, 2022 and~~November 2, 2023 with the remaining $0.3 million is deferred until certain shares of restricted stock vest.

~~Table~~On January 24, 2024, we announced that our Board of ~~Contents~~Directors declared an irregular cash dividend of $1.00 per share of the Company’s common stock, returning $40.6 million of capital to shareholders. The dividend is payable on or about February 27, 2024 to all shareholders of record as of the close of business on February 5, 2024.

These were irregular dividends. All declarations of dividends are subject to the determination and discretion of our Board of Directors based on its consideration of various factors, including our results of operations, financial condition, level of indebtedness, anticipated capital requirements, contractual restrictions, restrictions in ~~its~~our debt agreements, restrictions under applicable law, ~~its~~our business prospects and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant. Our dividend policy will also impact our future liquidity position. Marshall Islands law generally prohibits the payment of dividends other than from surplus or while a company is insolvent or would be rendered insolvent by the payment of such a dividend.

On ~~May 19, 2022,~~June 12, 2023, we ~~refinanced~~agreed to an addendum to the Cresques Japanese Financing’s bareboat charter agreement that became effective on June 20, 2023. The terms of the addendum include a ~~2015-built VLGC,~~ ~~Cougar~~~~, pursuant~~switch from a floating interest rate of one-month SOFR plus a margin to a ~~memorandum~~fixed interest rate of ~~agreement and a~~6.55448%.

Table of Contents

On June 12, 2023, we agreed to an addendum to the Captain Markos Dual-Fuel Japanese Financing’s bareboat charter ~~agreement. We received $50.0 million in cash as part~~agreement that became effective on June 30, 2023. The terms of the ~~transaction with $20.0 million~~addendum include a switch from a floating interest rate of one-month SOFR plus a margin to ~~be retained by the buyer as~~ a ~~deposit, which can be used by us towards the repurchase~~fixed interest rate of the vessel either pursuant to an early buyout option or at the end of the 10-year bareboat charter term. The refinancing proceeds of $50.0 million were used to prepay $20.0 million of the 2015 AR Facility’s then outstanding principal amount.6.38948%.

On July 21, ~~2022,~~2023, we ~~repurchased~~ ~~Corvette~~ ~~for $42.2 million in cash and~~agreed to an addendum to the ~~application~~Cougar Japanese Financing’s bareboat charter agreement that became effective on August 21, 2023. The terms of the ~~deposit amount~~addendum include a switch from a floating interest rate of ~~$14.0 million.~~ ~~Corvette~~ ~~was subsequently refinanced under the 2022 Debt Facility.~~three-month SOFR plus a margin to a fixed interest rate of 6.34%.

On ~~July 29, 2022,~~December 22, 2023, we entered into ~~a $260.0 million debt financing facility with CACIB, ING, SEB, BNP, and DSF to refinance indebtedness under~~ the ~~2015 AR Facility and the Concorde Japanese Financing (upon its repurchase in September 2022) and to releverage~~ ~~Corvette~~ ~~following the repurchase of that vessel from its owners on July 21, 2022. The 2022~~2023 A&R Debt Facility ~~consists~~consisting of (i) a term loan facility in an aggregate original principal amount of $240.0 million, ~~and~~of which $215.0 million remained outstanding on the date of the agreement, (ii) a revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $50.0 million (previously $20.0 million) and (iii) a new, uncommitted accordion term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $100.0 million. The ~~loan comprised two separate drawdowns with $216.0 million drawn~~2023 A&R Debt Facility matures on August 4, ~~2022 relating to nine of our VLGCs, and the remaining $24.0 million relating to~~ ~~Concorde~~2029, with drawn ~~on September 6, 2022. The term loan is for~~amounts thereunder accruing interest at a ~~period of seven (7) years with an interest~~ rate of SOFR plus a margin ~~currently~~ranging between 2.05 and 2.15% depending on the ratio of outstanding debt under the facility to the value of the vessels secured under this facility, plus or minus a sustainability pricing adjustment of 0.05%. The undrawn revolving credit facility accrues interest at ~~2.15%.~~a rate equal to 0.40% of the margin.

On ~~September 6, 2022,~~January 16, 2024, we ~~repurchased~~ ~~Concorde~~ ~~for $41.2~~paid $23.8 million ~~in cash and application of~~to Hanwha Ocean Ltd. as the ~~deposit amount of $14.0 million.~~ ~~Concorde~~ ~~was refinanced~~first installment under the ~~2022 Debt Facility.~~shipbuilding contract for the VLGC/AC.

As part of our growth strategy, we will continue to consider strategic opportunities, including the acquisition or charter-in of additional vessels. We may choose to pursue such opportunities through internal growth, joint ventures, business acquisitions, or other transactions. We expect to finance the purchase price of any future acquisitions either through internally generated funds, public or private debt financings, public or private issuances of additional equity securities or a combination of these forms of financing.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash and cash equivalents provided by/(used in) operating, financing and investing activities for the nine months ended December 31:


	2022		2021		December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	126,043,605	$	88,771,565	$	234,208,835	$	126,043,605
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities		(9,937,694)		22,548,887
Net cash used in investing activities						(9,899,893)		(9,937,694)
Net cash used in financing activities		(222,830,781)		(80,040,983)		(164,491,076)		(222,830,781)
Net increase/(decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	(106,944,884)	$	31,159,652	$	59,663,886	$	(106,944,884)

Operating Cash Flows. Net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 was ~~$126.0~~$234.2 million, compared to ~~$88.8~~$126.0 million for the nine months ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. The increase in cash generated from operations of ~~$37.2~~$108.2 million is primarily related to an increase in cash flows from operating profits (refer to Results of Operations – For the three months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 as compared to the three months ended December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, for drivers of changes in revenues and expenses for the applicable periods), partially offset by changes in working capital. The unfavorable change in working capital was mainly from amounts due from the Helios Pool as distributions from the Helios Pool are impacted by the timing of the completion of voyages, spot market rates and bunker prices.

~~Table of Contents~~

Net cash flow from operating activities depends upon our overall profitability, market rates for vessels employed on voyage charters and in the Helios Pool, charter rates agreed to for time charters, the timing and amount of payments for drydocking expenditures and unscheduled repairs and maintenance, fluctuations in working capital balances and bunker costs.

Investing Cash Flows. Net cash used in investing activities was $9.9 million for the nine months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared with net cash ~~provided by~~used in investing activities of ~~$22.5~~$9.9 million for the nine months ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. For the nine months ended December 31, 2023, net cash used in investing activities was comprised of $8.0 million of payments for the vessels under construction and vessel capital expenditures and $6.0 million in purchases of investment securities, partially offset by $4.0 million from the sale of investment securities. For the nine months ended December 31, 2022, net cash used in investing activities was comprised of $10.1 million of capital expenditure payments

Table of Contents

for vessels and vessels under construction and a $1.8 million purchase of long-term investments, partially offset by $2.0 million in proceeds from the sale of investment securities. ~~For the nine months ended December 31, 2021, net cash provided by investing activities was comprised of $43.3 million in proceeds, net of commission, on the sale of our 2006-built VLGC~~ ~~Captain Markos NL~~ and $3.7 million in proceeds from the sale of investment securities, partially offset by $22.2 million of capital expenditure payments for vessels and vessels under construction, and $2.3 million in purchases of long-term investments.

Financing Cash Flows. Net cash used in financing activities was $164.5 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2023, compared with $222.8 million for the nine months ended December 31, ~~2022, compared with $80.0 million for~~2022. For the nine months ended December 31, ~~2021.~~ 2023, net cash used in financing activities primarily consisted of (i) dividend payments of $121.9 million; (ii) repayments of long-term debt of $39.8 million; and (iii) payments to repurchase common stock of $2.8 million.

For the nine months ended December 31, 2022, net cash used in financing activities primarily consisted of (i) repayments of long-term debt of $324.4 million, including the voluntary prepayment of a portion of the 2015 AR Facility ($25.0 million), the prepayment of a portion of the 2015 AR Facility in relation to the refinancing of Cougar ($20.0 million), and the prepayment of the remaining outstanding balances of the 2015 AR Facility ($158.7 million), the Corvette Japanese Financing ($42.8 million) and the Concorde Japanese Financing ($42.3 million) in order to refinance 10 VLGCs under the 2022 Debt Facility; (ii) dividend payments of $180.5 million; (iii) payments of financing costs totaling $6.3 million, and (iv) payments to repurchase common stock of $1.7 million.

This iswas partially offset by proceeds of $290.0 million from the 2022 Debt Facility ($240.0 million) and the refinancing of Cougar($ ($50.0 million). For the nine months ended December 31, 2021, net cash used in financing activities primarily consisted of (i) repayments of long-term debt of $100.5 million, including the prepayment of a portion of the 2015 AR Facility in relation to the refinancing of two VLGCs ($47.1 million) and the repayment in full of the CMNL/CJNP Japanese Financing, (ii) a dividend payment of $40.2 million, (iii) payments to repurchase common stock of $21.3 million, and (iv) payments of financing costs totaling $1.4 million, partially offset by proceeds of $83.4 million from the BALCAP Facility.

Capital Expenditures. LPG transportation is a capital‑intensive business, requiring significant investment to maintain an efficient fleet and to stay in regulatory compliance.

We are generally required to complete a special survey for a vessel once every five years. Drydocking of vessels occurs every five years unless an extension is granted by the classification society to seven and one-half years and the vessel is not older than 20 years of age. Intermediate surveys are performed every two and one-half years after the first special survey. Drydocking each vessel takes approximately 10 to 20 days. We spend significant amounts for scheduled drydocking (including the cost of classification society surveys) for each of our vessels.

As our vessels age and our fleet expands, our drydocking expenses will increase. We estimate the current cash outlay for a VLGC special survey to be approximately $1.0 million per vessel (excluding any operating expenses incurred during drydock and any capital improvements, such as scrubbers and ballast water management ~~systems,~~systems) to the vessel that may be made during such drydockings and the cost of an intermediate survey to be between $100,000 and $200,000 per vessel. Ongoing costs for compliance with environmental regulations are primarily included as part of our drydocking and classification society survey costs. In order to comply with the International Maritime Organization mandated reductions in sulfur emissions that came into effect January 1, 2020, we have installed scrubbers on ~~twelve~~fourteen of our vessels and have one chartered-in scrubber-equipped vessel, which allows us to burn heavy fuel oil. ~~We have entered into contracts to purchase scrubbers on three of our VLGCs, in which we have $3.4 million in remaining contractual commitments as of December 31, 2022.~~ Our other non-dual fuel vessels currently consume compliant fuels on board (0.5% sulfur), which are readily available globally, but at a significantly higher cost. ~~Our~~We have entered into contracts to purchase a scrubber on an additional ECO VLGC and we have contractual commitments for scrubber purchases of $0.2 million as of December 31, 2023. We also have one newbuilding ~~will~~dual-fuel VLGC and three chartered-in dual-fuel vessels that have the capability to burn ~~LPG.~~LPG as fuel, which we believe provides an economic benefit over traditional fuel. Please see ~~"Item~~“Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our

~~Table of Contents~~

Company—We may incur increasing costs for the drydocking, maintenance or replacement of our vessels as they age, and, as our vessels age, the risks associated with older vessels could adversely affect our ability to obtain profitable charters” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, ~~2022.~~2023.

On ~~March 31, 2021,~~November 24, 2023, we entered into ~~a thirteen-year bareboat charter~~an agreement for a newbuilding ~~dual-fuel VLGC~~VLGC/AC with a cargo carrying capacity of 93,000 cbm that can transport LPG or ammonia, which is expected to be delivered from ~~Kawasaki Heavy Industries~~Hanwha Ocean Co. Ltd. in March 2023. The structure of the financing of the newbuilding is analogous to that of our Japanese Financings in which a third-party will purchase the vessel and we will bareboat charter such vessel from the third ~~party. As part~~calendar quarter of the agreement, we control the building of the vessel and the use of the vessel after it is delivered. The vessel will be built to our specifications; we will supervise the building of the vessel to meet these specifications; and we will technically and commercially manage the vessel after its delivery. Under the agreement, we had commitments of $24.0 million of predelivery costs as well as the cost of additional features to meet our specifications and supervision costs for an aggregate total of approximately $25.0 million.2026. As of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we had approximately ~~$1.0~~$119.0 million of commitments under the agreement outstanding that we expect to settle during certain milestone through the ~~year ending March 31, 2023. Construction~~expected delivery of the ~~vessel commenced in December 2021.~~vessel.

Table of Contents

Debt ~~Agreements~~Obligations

For information relating to our secured term loan facilities and Japanese financing arrangements, refer to Note 109 to our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and Note 76 to our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for December 31, ~~2022~~2023 included herein.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We currently do not have any off‑balance sheet arrangements.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The following is an update to the Critical Accounting Estimates set forth in “Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, ~~2022.~~2023.

Impairment of long-lived assets. We review our vessels for impairment when events or circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. In addition, we compare independent appraisals to our carrying value for indicators of impairment to our vessels. When such indicators are present, an asset is tested for recoverability by comparing the estimate of future undiscounted net operating cash flows expected to be generated by the use of the asset over its remaining useful life and its eventual disposition to its carrying amount. An impairment charge is recognized if the carrying value is in excess of the estimated future undiscounted net operating cash flows. The impairment loss is measured based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair market value of the asset. The new lower cost basis would result in a lower annual depreciation than before the impairment.

Our estimates of fair market value assume that our vessels are all in good and seaworthy condition without need for repair and if inspected would be certified in class without notations of any kind. Our estimates are based on information available from various industry sources, including:

●

reports by industry analysts and data providers that focus on our industry and related dynamics affecting vessel values;

●

news and industry reports of similar vessel sales;

●

approximate market values for our vessels or similar vessels that we have received from shipbrokers, whether solicited or unsolicited, or that shipbrokers have generally disseminated;

●

offers that we may have received from potential purchasers of our vessels; and

~~Table of Contents~~

●

vessel sale prices and values of which we are aware through both formal and informal communications with shipowners, shipbrokers, industry analysts and various other shipping industry participants and observers.

As we obtain information from various industry and other sources, our estimates of fair market value are inherently uncertain. In addition, vessel values are highly volatile; as such, our estimates may not be indicative of the current or future fair market value of our vessels or prices that we could achieve if we were to sell them.

As of December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, independent appraisals of our commercially and technically-managed VLGCs in our fleet had no indications of impairment on any of our VLGCs in accordance with ASC 360 Property, Plant, and Equipment. No impairment charges were recognized for December 31, ~~2022.~~2023.

Table of Contents

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

We have considered all recent accounting pronouncements issued and believe that none of these recent pronouncements will have a material effect on our financial statements.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

For additional discussion of our exposure to market risk, refer to “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, ~~2022.~~2023.

Interest Rate Risk

The LPG shipping industry is capital intensive, requiring significant amounts of investment. Much of this investment is provided in the form of long-term debt. ~~Our 2022 Debt Facility agreement and certain Japanese financings~~One of the debt agreements, as described in ~~footnote 7 contain~~Note 6 to our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements, contains interest rates that fluctuate with ~~SOFR and LIBOR.~~SOFR. We have entered into interest rate swap agreements to hedge exposure to fluctuations of interest rate risk associated with ~~our 2022 Debt Facility. We~~that debt financing agreement and have hedged ~~$195.2~~$168.0 million of amortizing principal ofunder the ~~2022~~2023 A&R Debt Facility as of December 31, ~~2022~~2023 (corresponding to 80% of the outstanding indebtedness under that agreement) and thus increasing interest rates could adversely impact our future earnings due to additional interest expense on ~~our~~the unhedged portion of that debt. For the 12 months following December 31, ~~2022,~~2023, a hypothetical increase or decrease of 20 basis points in the underlying SOFR ~~and LIBOR~~ rates would result in an increase or decrease of our interest expense on all of our non-hedged interest-bearing debt by ~~$0.3~~$0.1 million assuming all other variables are held constant.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer, or CEO, and Chief Financial Officer, or CFO, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of December 31, ~~2022.~~2023. Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those internal control systems determined to be effective can provide only a level of reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three and nine months ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

3231

Table of Contents

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, we expect to be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business, principally personal injury and property casualty claims. Such claims, even if lacking in merit, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. We are not aware of any claim that is reasonably possible and should be disclosed or probable and for which a provision should be established in the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Our operations and financial results are subject to various risks and uncertainties that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and the trading price of our common shares. The following is an update to the risk factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated as set forth in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, ~~2022.~~2023.

~~Our business may be affected~~New environmental regulations stipulated by ~~macroeconomic conditions, including rising inflation, higher interest rates, market volatility, economic uncertainty,~~the International Maritime Organization could lead to additional costs of our operations and ~~global supply chain constraints.~~adversely affect our business.

~~Various macroeconomic factors, including rising inflation, higher interest rates, global supply chain constraints,~~On July 7, 2023, at the Marine Environmental Protection Committee’s (“MEPC”) 80th session, the MEPC adopted the 2023 IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships, which, in part, includes (A) enhanced targets to reach net-zero greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions close to 2050; (B) a targeted uptake in use of zero or near-zero GHG emissions technologies and fuels to represent at least 5% (striving for 10%) of the ~~effects of overall economic conditions~~energy used by international shipping by 2030; and ~~uncertainties such~~(C) indicative check-points to reach net-zero GHG emissions from international shipping, with targets to reduce the total annual GHG emissions from international shipping by (i) at least 20% (striving for 30%) by 2030, as ~~those resulting from the current~~compared to 2008 and ~~future conditions~~(i) at least 70% (striving for 80%) by 2040, as compared to 2008. These regulations may cause us to incur additional substantial expenses in the ~~global financial markets,~~future and therefore could impact the cost of our operations and adversely affect our ~~results~~business.

ITEM 5.OTHER INFORMATION

During the three months ended December 31, 2023, and as of ~~operations and financial condition. Inflation and rising interest rates may negatively impact us by increasing our operating costs and our cost of borrowing. Interest rates, the liquidity~~December 31, 2023, no director or officer (as defined under Exchange Act Rule 16a-1(f)) of the ~~credit markets and the volatility~~Company has adopted or terminated any “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement”, as defined under Item 408(a) of ~~the capital markets could also affect the operation of our business and our ability to raise capital on favorable terms, or at all.~~Regulation S-K.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

See accompanying Exhibit Index for a list of exhibits filed or furnished with this report.

3332

Table of Contents

EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit Number		Description

10.1		Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, dated as of December 22, 2023, among Dorian LPG Finance LLC as borrower, the Company as parent guarantor, certain wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company as owner guarantors, Credit Agricole and ING as bookrunners and structurers, Credit Agricole, ING, BNP, DSF and SEB as mandated lead arrangers, Credit Agricole as agent, security trustee and sustainability coordinator, and BNP as hedge coordinator, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on December 27, 2023.

31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1†		Certifications of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2†		Certifications of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS		Inline XBRL Document

101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema

101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Calculation Linkbase

101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Definition Linkbase

101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Label Linkbase

101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Presentation Linkbase

104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in exhibit 101)

†	This certification is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

3433

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


	Dorian LPG Ltd.
	(Registrant)

Date: ~~February 1, 2023~~January 31, 2024	/s/ John C. Hadjipateras
	John C. Hadjipateras
	President and Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)


Date: ~~February 1, 2023~~January 31, 2024	/s/ Theodore B. Young
	Theodore B. Young
	Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

3534


		Net book Value
Balance, April 1, 2022	$	16,401,532
Installment payments		8,000,000
Other capitalized expenditures		642,707
Capitalized interest		1,000,797
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	26,045,036


	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2022
2015 AR Facility
Commercial Financing	$	—	$	91,651,888
KEXIM Direct Financing		—		44,406,733
KEXIM Guaranteed		—		47,190,358
K-sure Insured		—		23,132,295
Total 2015 AR Facility	$	—	$	206,381,274

2022 Debt Facility	$	230,000,000	$	—

Japanese Financings
Corsair Japanese Financing	$	35,208,334	$	37,645,833
Concorde Japanese Financing		—		42,269,231
Corvette Japanese Financing		—		42,807,692
Cresques Japanese Financing		43,095,000		45,660,000
Cratis Japanese Financing		46,600,000		49,660,000
Copernicus Japanese Financing		46,600,000		49,660,000
Chaparral Japanese Financing		62,934,348		64,662,242
Caravelle Japanese Financing		47,000,000		49,700,000
Cougar Japanese Financing		48,200,000		—
Total Japanese Financings	$	329,637,682	$	382,064,998

BALCAP Facility	$	75,992,178	$	81,574,172

Total debt obligations	$	635,629,860	$	670,020,444
Less: deferred financing fees		6,291,039		7,257,486
Debt obligations—net of deferred financing fees	$	629,338,821	$	662,762,958

Presented as follows:
Current portion of long-term debt	$	52,136,738	$	72,075,571
Long-term debt—net of current portion and deferred financing fees		577,202,083		590,687,387
Total	$	629,338,821	$	662,762,958


	December 31, 2022
Less than one year	$	29,832,333	��
One to three years		64,080,000
Three to five years		64,080,000
Thereafter		72,140,000
Total	$	230,132,333