UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
| | | | | |
| ☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021
OR
| | | | | |
| ☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File No. 001-36429
ARES MANAGEMENT CORPORATION
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
| | | | | |
| Delaware | 80-0962035 |
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number) |
2000 Avenue of the Stars, 12th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90067
(Address of principal executive office) (Zip Code)
(310) 201-4100
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| | | | | | | | |
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered |
| Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share | ARES | New York Stock Exchange |
| 7.00% Series A Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share | ARES.PRA | New York Stock Exchange |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days: Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company.” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Large Accelerated Filer | x | Accelerated Filer | ☐ | Non-Accelerated Filer | ☐ | Smaller Reporting Company | ☐ | Emerging Growth Company | ☐ |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No x
As of November 2, 2020April 30, 2021 there were 143,831,710162,282,379 of the registrant’s shares of Class A common stock outstanding, 3,489,911 of the registrant’s shares of non-voting common stock outstanding, 1,000 shares of the registrant's Class B common stock outstanding, and 114,618,803112,163,894 of the registrant's Class C common stock outstanding.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, future events, operations and financial performance. You can identify these forward-looking statements by the use of forward-looking words such as “outlook,” “believes,” “expects,” “potential,” “continues,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “seeks,” “approximately,” “predicts,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” “anticipates” or the negative version of those words, other comparable words or other statements that do not relate to historical or factual matters. The forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future performance, taking into account all information currently available to us. Such forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties and assumptions relating to our operations, financial results, financial condition, business prospects, growth strategy and liquidity. Some of these factors are described in this report and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019,2020, under the headings “Management’s“Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Risk Factors”.“Item 1A. Risk Factors.” These factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the risk factors and other cautionary statements that are included in this report and in our other periodic filings. If one or more of these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, our actual results may vary materially from those indicated in these forward-looking statements. New risks and uncertainties arise over time, and it is not possible for us to predict those events or how they may affect us. Therefore, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made. We do not undertake any obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as required by law. For a discussion of risks resulting from the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic and the impact on the U.S. and global economy, along with the oil and gas market volatility, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
References in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to the “Ares Operating Group” refer to, collectively, Ares Holdings L.P. (“Ares Holdings”), Ares Offshore Holdings L.P. (“Ares Offshore”) and Ares Investments L.P. (“Ares Investments”). References in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to an “Ares Operating Group Unit” or an “AOG Unit” refer to, collectively, a partnership unit in each of the Ares Operating Group entities. The use of any defined term in this report to mean more than one entities, persons, securities or other items collectively is solely for convenience of reference and in no way implies that such entities, persons, securities or other items are one indistinguishable group. For example, notwithstanding the use of the defined terms “Ares,” “we” and “our” in this report to refer to Ares Management Corporation and its subsidiaries, each subsidiary of Ares Management Corporation is a standalone legal entity that is separate and distinct from Ares Management Corporation and any of its other subsidiaries.
Under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”), we are required to consolidate (a) entities other than limited partnerships and entities similar to limited partnerships in which we hold a majority voting interest or have majority ownership and control over the operational, financial and investing decisions of that entity, including Ares-affiliates and affiliated funds and co-investment entities, for which we are presumed to have controlling financial interests, and (b) entities that we concluded are variable interest entities (“VIEs”), including limited partnerships and collateralized loan obligations, for which we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary. When an entity is consolidated, we reflect the assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and cash flows of the entity in our consolidated financial statements on a gross basis, subject to eliminations from consolidation, including the elimination of the management fees, performance income and other fees that we earn from the entity. However, the presentation of performance related compensation and other expenses associated with generating such revenues is not affected by the consolidation process. In addition, as a result of the consolidation process, the net income attributable to third-party investors in consolidated entities is presented as net income attributable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. We also consolidate joint ventures that we have established with third-party investors for strategic distribution partnerships.and expansion purposes. The results of these entities are reflected on a gross basis in the consolidated financial statements, subject to eliminations from consolidation, and net income attributable to third-party investors in the consolidated joint ventures is included in net income attributable to redeemable interest and non-controlling interests in Ares Operating Group entities.
In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, in addition to presenting our results on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP, we present revenues, expenses and other results on a (i) “segment basis,” which deconsolidates the consolidated funds and removes the proportional results attributable to third-party investors in the consolidated joint ventures, and therefore shows the results of our reportable segments without giving effect to the consolidation of these entities and (ii) “unconsolidated reporting basis,” which shows the results of our reportable segments on a combined segment basis together with our Operations Management Group. In addition to our reportable segments, we have an Operations Management Group (the “OMG”). The OMG consists of shared resource groups to support our reportable segments by providing infrastructure and administrative support in the areas of accounting/finance, operations, information technology, strategy and relationship management, legal, compliance and human resources. The OMG’s expenses are not allocated to our reportable segments but we consider the cost
structure of the OMG when evaluating our financial performance. This information constitutes non-GAAP financial information within the meaning of Regulation G, as promulgated by the SEC. Our management uses this information to assess the performance of our reportable segments and the OMG, and we believe that this information enhances the ability of shareholders to analyze our performance. For more information, see “Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 14. Segment Reporting.”
Glossary
When used in this report, unless the context otherwise requires:
•“ARCC Part I Fees” refers to a quarterly performance income on the net investment income of Ares Capital Corporation (NASDAQ: ARCC) (“ARCC”). Such fees from ARCC are classified as management fees as they are predictable and recurring in nature, not subject to contingent repayment and generally cash-settled each quarter, unless subject to a payment deferral;
•“ARCC Part II Fees” refers to fees that are paid in arrears as of the end of each calendar year when the cumulative aggregate realized capital gains exceed the cumulative aggregate realized capital losses and aggregate unrealized capital depreciation, less the aggregate amount of ARCC Part II Fees paid in all prior years since inception;
•“Ares”, the “Company”, “we”, “us” and “our” refer to Ares Management Corporation and its subsidiaries;
•“Ares Operating Group Unit” or an “AOG Unit” refers to, collectively, a partnership unit in each of the Ares Operating Group entities;
•“assets under management” or “AUM” generally refers to the assets we manage. For our funds other than CLOs, our AUM represents the sum of the net asset value ("NAV"(“NAV”) of such funds, the drawn and undrawn debt (at the fund-level including amounts subject to restrictions) and uncalled committed capital (including commitments to funds that have yet to commence their investment periods). NAV refers to the fair value of the assets of a fund less the fair value of the liabilities of the fund. For our funds that arethe CLOs we manage, our AUM is equal to initial principal amounts adjusted for paydowns;paydowns. AUM also includes the proceeds raised in the initial public offering of a special purpose acquisition company (“SPAC”) sponsored by us;
•“AUM not yet paying fees” (also referred to as "shadow AUM"“shadow AUM”) refers to AUM that is not currently paying fees and is eligible to earn management fees upon deployment;
•“available capital” (also referred to as “dry powder”) is comprised of uncalled committed capital and undrawn amounts under credit facilities and may include AUM that may be canceled or not otherwise available to invest;
•“catch-up fees” refers to management fees that are one-time in nature and represents management fees charged to fund investors in subsequent closings of a fund that apply to the time period between the fee initiation date and the subsequent closing date;
•“Class B membership interests” refers to the interests that were retained by the former owners of Crestline Denali Capital LLC and represent the financial interests in the subordinated notes of the related CLOs;
•“CLOs” refers to “our funds” that are structured as collateralized loan obligations;
•“Consolidated Funds” refers collectively to certain Ares-affiliatedAres funds, related co-investment entities, CLOs and certain CLOsSPACs that are required under GAAP to be consolidated in our consolidated financial statements;
•“Credit Facility” refers to the revolving credit facility of the Ares Operating Group;
•“effective management fee rate” represents the annualized fees divided by the average fee paying AUM for the period, excluding the impact of one-time catch-up fees;
•“fee paying AUM” or “FPAUM” refers to the AUM from which we directly earn management fees. FPAUM is equal to the sum of all the individual fee bases of our funds that directly contribute to our management fees. For our funds other than CLOs, our FPAUM represents the amount of limited partner capital commitments for certain closed-end funds within the reinvestment period, the amount of limited partner invested capital for the aforementioned closed-end funds beyond the reinvestment period and the portfolio value, gross asset value or NAV. For our funds that arethe CLOs we manage, our FPAUM is equal to the gross amount of aggregate collateral balance, at par, adjusted for defaulted or discounted collateral;
•“fee related earnings” or “FRE”, a non-GAAP measure, is used to assess core operating performance by determining whether recurring revenue, primarily consisting of management fees, is sufficient to cover operating expenses and to generate profits. FRE differs from income before taxes computed in accordance with GAAP as it
excludes performance income, performance related compensation, investment income from our Consolidated Funds and non-consolidated funds and certain other items that we believe are not indicative of our core operating performance;
•“GAAP” refers to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America;
•“Holdco Members” refers to Michael Arougheti, David Kaplan, Antony Ressler, Bennett Rosenthal, Ryan Berry, R. Kipp deVeer and Michael McFerran;
•“Incentive eligible AUM” or “IEAUM” generally refers to the AUM of our funds and other entities from which performance income may be generated, regardless of whether or not they are currently generating performance income. It generally represents the NAV plus uncalled equity or total assets plus uncalled debt, as applicable, of our funds for which we are entitled to receive performance income, excluding capital committed by us and our professionals (from which we generally do not earn performance income)., as well as proceeds raised in the initial public offering of a SPAC sponsored by us. With respect to ARCC's AUM, only ARCC Part II Fees may be generated from IEAUM;
•“Incentive generating AUM” or “IGAUM” refers to the AUM of our funds and other entities that are currently generating performance income on a realized or unrealized basis. It generally represents the NAV or total assets of our funds, as applicable, for which we are entitled to receive performance income, excluding capital committed by us and our professionals (from which we generally do not earn performance income). ARCC is only included in IGAUM when ARCC Part II Fees are being generated;
•“management fees” refers to fees we earn for advisory services provided to our funds, which are generally based on a defined percentage of fair value of assets, total commitments, invested capital, net asset value, net investment income, total assets or par value of the investment portfolios managed by us andus. Management fees include ARCC Part I Fees;Fees, a quarterly fee based on the net investment income of certain funds, among others;
•“net inflows of capital” refers to net new commitments during the period, including equity and debt commitments and gross inflows into our open-ended managed accounts and sub-advised accounts, as well as new debt and equity issuances by our publicly traded vehicles minus redemptions from our open-ended funds, managed accounts and sub-advised accounts;
•“net performance income” refers to performance income net of performance related compensation. Performance related compensation is the portion of performance income that is typically payable to our professionals;
•“our funds” refers to the funds, alternative asset companies, co-investment vehicles and other entities and accounts that are managed or co-managed by the Ares Operating Group, and which are structured to pay fees. It also includes funds managed by Ivy Hill Asset Management, L.P., a wholly owned portfolio company of ARCC and a registeredan SEC-registered investment adviser;
•“Part I Fees” refers to a quarterly performance income on the net investment income of Ares Capital Corporation (NASDAQ: ARCC) (“ARCC”) and CION Ares Diversified Credit Fund (“CADC”). Such fees are classified as management fees as they are predictable and recurring in nature, not subject to contingent repayment and generally cash-settled each quarter, unless subject to a payment deferral;
•“performance income” refers to income we earn based on the performanceIGAUM of a fund that is generally based on certain specific hurdle ratesand typically represents returns in excess of a preferred return as defined in the fund’s investment management or partnership agreementsagreement and may be either an incentive fee or carried interest;
•“permanent capital” refers to capital of our funds that do not have redemption provisions or a requirement to return capital to investors upon exiting the investments made with such capital, except as required by applicable law. Such funds currently consist of ARCC, Ares Commercial Real Estate Corporation (“ACRE”) and Ares Dynamic Credit Allocation Fund, Inc. (“ARDC”). Such funds may be required, or elect, to return all or a portion
of capital gains and investment income;income. In addition, permanent capital includes certain insurance related assets that are owned or related to Aspida Life Re Ltd (“Aspida”);
•“realized income” or “RI”, a non-GAAP measure, is an operating metric used by management to evaluate performance of the business based on operating performance and the contribution of each of the business
segments to that performance, while removing the fluctuations of unrealized income and losses, which may or may not be eventually realized at the levels presented and whose realizations depend more on future outcomes than current business operations. RI differs from income before taxes by excluding (a) operating results of our Consolidated Funds, (b) depreciation and amortization expense, (c) the effects of changes arising from corporate actions, (d) unrealized gains and losses related to performance income and investment performance and (e) certain other items that we believe are not indicative of our operating performance. Changes arising from corporate actions include equity-based compensation expenses, the amortization of intangible assets, transaction costs associated with mergers, acquisitions and capital transactions, underwriting costs and expenses incurred in connection with corporate reorganization;
•“SEC” refers to the Securities and Exchange Commission;
•“Series A Preferred Stock” refers to the preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, of the Company designated as 7.00% Series A Preferred Stock;
•“2024 Senior Notes” refers to senior notes issued by a wholly owned subsidiary of Ares Holdings in October 2014 with a maturity in October 2024; and
•“2030 Senior Notes” refers to senior notes issued by a wholly owned subsidiary of Ares Holdings in June 2020 with a maturity in June 2030.
Many of the terms used in this report, including AUM, FPAUM, FRE and RI, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. In addition, our definitions of AUM and FPAUM are not based on any definition of AUM or FPAUM that is set forth in the agreements governing the investment funds that we manage and may differ from definitions of AUM or FPAUM set forth in other agreements to which we are a party or definitions used by the SEC or other regulatory bodies. Further, FRE and RI are not measures of performance calculated in accordance with GAAP. We use FRE and RI as measures of operating performance, not as measures of liquidity. FRE and RI should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for operating income, net income, operating cash flows, or other income or cash flow statement data prepared in accordance with GAAP. The use of FRE and RI without consideration of related GAAP measures is not adequate due to the adjustments described above. Our management compensates for these limitations by using FRE and RI as supplemental measures to our GAAP results. We present these measures to provide a more complete understanding of our performance as our management measures it. Amounts and percentages throughout this report may reflect rounding adjustments and consequently totals may not appear to sum.
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Ares Management Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition
(Amounts in Thousands, Except Share Data)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of September 30, | | As of December 31, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 |
| (unaudited) | | |
| Assets | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 868,752 | | | $ | 138,384 | |
| Investments (includes accrued carried interest of $1,063,570 and $1,134,967 at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively) | 1,601,916 | | | 1,663,664 | |
| Due from affiliates | 328,059 | | | 268,099 | |
| Other assets | 781,295 | | | 341,293 | |
| Right-of-use operating lease assets | 136,392 | | | 143,406 | |
| Assets of Consolidated Funds: | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 365,185 | | | 606,321 | |
| Investments, at fair value | 10,604,856 | | | 8,727,947 | |
| Due from affiliates | 8,684 | | | 6,192 | |
| Receivable for securities sold | 197,518 | | | 88,809 | |
| Other assets | 36,336 | | | 30,081 | |
| Total assets | $ | 14,928,993 | | | $ | 12,014,196 | |
| Liabilities | | | |
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | $ | 126,113 | | | $ | 88,173 | |
| Accrued compensation | 215,765 | | | 37,795 | |
| Due to affiliates | 63,853 | | | 71,445 | |
| Performance related compensation payable | 741,635 | | | 829,764 | |
| Debt obligations | 642,665 | | | 316,609 | |
| Operating lease liabilities | 161,737 | | | 168,817 | |
| Liabilities of Consolidated Funds: | | | |
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | 51,454 | | | 61,857 | |
| Payable for securities purchased | 684,591 | | | 500,146 | |
| CLO loan obligations, at fair value | 9,608,127 | | | 7,973,748 | |
| Fund borrowings | 162,733 | | | 107,244 | |
| Total liabilities | 12,458,673 | | | 10,155,598 | |
| Commitments and contingencies | | | |
| Redeemable interest in Ares Operating Group entities | 99,439 | | | 0 | |
| Non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | 537,101 | | | 618,020 | |
| Non-controlling interests in Ares Operating Group entities | 691,609 | | | 472,288 | |
| Stockholders' Equity | | | |
| Series A Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized (12,400,000 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019) | 298,761 | | | 298,761 | |
| Class A common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,500,000,000 shares authorized (143,826,710 shares and 115,242,028 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively) | 1,438 | | | 1,152 | |
| | | |
| Class B common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000 shares authorized (1,000 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019) | 0 | | | 0 | |
| Class C common stock, $0.01 par value, 499,999,000 shares authorized (114,618,803 shares and 1 share issued and outstanding at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively) | 1,146 | | | 0 | |
| Additional paid-in-capital | 1,011,697 | | | 525,244 | |
| Retained earnings | (164,084) | | | (50,820) | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax | (6,787) | | | (6,047) | |
| Total stockholders' equity | 1,142,171 | | | 768,290 | |
| Total equity | 2,370,881 | | | 1,858,598 | |
| Total liabilities, redeemable interest, non-controlling interests and equity | $ | 14,928,993 | | | $ | 12,014,196 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of March 31, | | As of December 31, |
| |
| | 2021 | | 2020 |
| (unaudited) | | |
| Assets | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 609,872 | | | $ | 539,812 | |
| Investments (includes accrued carried interest of $1,369,684 and $1,145,853 at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively) | 1,931,978 | | | 1,682,759 | |
| Due from affiliates | 335,450 | | | 405,887 | |
| Other assets | 779,941 | | | 812,419 | |
| Right-of-use operating lease assets | 157,908 | | | 154,742 | |
| Assets of Consolidated Funds: | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 557,271 | | | 522,377 | |
| U.S. Treasury securities, at fair value | 1,000,040 | | | 0 | |
| Investments, at fair value | 10,948,173 | | | 10,877,097 | |
| Due from affiliates | 16,240 | | | 17,172 | |
| Receivable for securities sold | 166,960 | | | 121,225 | |
| Other assets | 32,096 | | | 35,502 | |
| Total assets | $ | 16,535,929 | | | $ | 15,168,992 | |
| Liabilities | | | |
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | $ | 119,578 | | | $ | 115,289 | |
| Accrued compensation | 89,791 | | | 103,010 | |
| Due to affiliates | 77,817 | | | 100,186 | |
| Performance related compensation payable | 968,582 | | | 813,378 | |
| Debt obligations | 811,279 | | | 642,998 | |
| Operating lease liabilities | 186,594 | | | 180,236 | |
| Liabilities of Consolidated Funds: | | | |
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | 98,473 | | | 46,824 | |
| Due to affiliates | 622 | | | 0 | |
| Payable for securities purchased | 781,845 | | | 514,946 | |
| CLO loan obligations, at fair value | 9,839,639 | | | 9,958,076 | |
| Fund borrowings | 110,409 | | | 121,909 | |
| Total liabilities | 13,084,629 | | | 12,596,852 | |
| Commitments and contingencies | 0 | | 0 |
| Redeemable interest in Consolidated Funds | 930,924 | | | 0 | |
| Redeemable interest in Ares Operating Group entities | 99,808 | | | 100,366 | |
| Non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | 552,688 | | | 539,720 | |
| Non-controlling interests in Ares Operating Group entities | 706,381 | | | 738,369 | |
| Stockholders' Equity | | | |
| Series A Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized (12,400,000 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively) | 298,761 | | | 298,761 | |
| Class A common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,500,000,000 shares authorized (149,840,978 shares and 147,182,562 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively) | 1,498 | | | 1,472 | |
| | | |
| Class B common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000 shares authorized (1,000 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020) | 0 | | | 0 | |
| Class C common stock, $0.01 par value, 499,999,000 shares authorized (112,163,894 shares and 112,447,618 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively) | 1,122 | | | 1,124 | |
| Additional paid-in-capital | 1,033,735 | | | 1,043,669 | |
| Retained earnings | (173,555) | | | (151,824) | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | (62) | | | 483 | |
| Total stockholders' equity | 1,161,499 | | | 1,193,685 | |
| Total equity | 2,420,568 | | | 2,471,774 | |
| Total liabilities, redeemable interest, non-controlling interests and equity | $ | 16,535,929 | | | $ | 15,168,992 | |
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Ares Management Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Amounts in Thousands, Except Share Data)
(unaudited)
| | | | Three months ended September 30, | | Nine months ended September 30, | | | | Three months ended March 31, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | | | 2021 | | 2020 | |
| Revenues | Revenues | | | | | | | | | Revenues | | | | | |
| Management fees (includes ARCC Part I Fees of $41,643, $126,872 and $38,786, $116,336 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively) | $ | 292,434 | | | $ | 251,591 | | | $ | 823,150 | | | $ | 714,096 | | | |
| Management fees | | Management fees | | $ | 320,273 | | | $ | 263,849 | | |
| Carried interest allocation | Carried interest allocation | 168,978 | | | 186,803 | | | 241,380 | | | 503,808 | | | Carried interest allocation | | 297,535 | | | (230,876) | | |
| Incentive fees | Incentive fees | 7,194 | | | 1,712 | | | 4,276 | | | 28,747 | | | Incentive fees | | 2,820 | | | (3,249) | | |
| Principal investment income | 11,408 | | | 11,389 | | | 8,330 | | | 45,992 | | | |
| Principal investment income (loss) | | Principal investment income (loss) | | 25,100 | | | (26,723) | | |
| Administrative, transaction and other fees | Administrative, transaction and other fees | 9,852 | | | 14,995 | | | 28,897 | | | 35,866 | | | Administrative, transaction and other fees | | 12,660 | | | 10,408 | | |
| Total revenues | Total revenues | 489,866 | | | 466,490 | | | 1,106,033 | | | 1,328,509 | | | Total revenues | | 658,388 | | | 13,409 | | |
| Expenses | Expenses | | | | | | | | | Expenses | | | | | |
| Compensation and benefits | Compensation and benefits | 194,267 | | | 166,216 | | | 559,482 | | | 485,232 | | | Compensation and benefits | | 231,850 | | | 180,084 | | |
| Performance related compensation | Performance related compensation | 122,356 | | | 139,216 | | | 191,565 | | | 388,424 | | | Performance related compensation | | 221,432 | | | (167,899) | | |
| General, administrative and other expenses | General, administrative and other expenses | 69,938 | | | 79,385 | | | 190,353 | | | 195,988 | | | General, administrative and other expenses | | 67,656 | | | 62,331 | | |
| | Expenses of Consolidated Funds | Expenses of Consolidated Funds | 6,019 | | | 10,884 | | | 16,706 | | | 30,865 | | | Expenses of Consolidated Funds | | 4,171 | | | 7,443 | | |
| Total expenses | Total expenses | 392,580 | | | 395,701 | | | 958,106 | | | 1,100,509 | | | Total expenses | | 525,109 | | | 81,959 | | |
| Other income (expense) | Other income (expense) | | | | | | | | | Other income (expense) | | | | | |
| Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments | Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments | (2,607) | | | 1,522 | | | (10,351) | | | 5,519 | | | Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments | | 5,433 | | | (8,034) | | |
| Interest and dividend income | Interest and dividend income | 1,344 | | | 2,030 | | | 5,112 | | | 5,526 | | | Interest and dividend income | | 960 | | | 1,790 | | |
| Interest expense | Interest expense | (6,815) | | | (4,691) | | | (18,203) | | | (16,073) | | | Interest expense | | (6,695) | | | (5,306) | | |
| Other income (expense), net | Other income (expense), net | 2,203 | | | (1,870) | | | 9,848 | | | (1,570) | | | Other income (expense), net | | (4,149) | | | 5,464 | | |
| Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments of Consolidated Funds | Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments of Consolidated Funds | 17,971 | | | (992) | | | (153,268) | | | 3,256 | | | Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments of Consolidated Funds | | 16,422 | | | (254,761) | | |
| Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds | Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds | 116,581 | | | 107,922 | | | 346,120 | | | 303,312 | | | Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds | | 115,839 | | | 113,225 | | |
| Interest expense of Consolidated Funds | Interest expense of Consolidated Funds | (66,322) | | | (71,134) | | | (222,860) | | | (204,051) | | | Interest expense of Consolidated Funds | | (71,025) | | | (80,241) | | |
| Total other income (expense) | Total other income (expense) | 62,355 | | | 32,787 | | | (43,602) | | | 95,919 | | | Total other income (expense) | | 56,785 | | | (227,863) | | |
| Income before taxes | 159,641 | | | 103,576 | | | 104,325 | | | 323,919 | | | |
| Income tax expense | 18,314 | | | 11,701 | | | 22,119 | | | 35,590 | | | |
| Net income | 141,327 | | | 91,875 | | | 82,206 | | | 288,329 | | | |
| Less: Net loss attributable to redeemable interest in Ares Operating Group entities | (1,007) | | | 0 | | | (1,007) | | | 0 | | | |
| Income (loss) before taxes | | Income (loss) before taxes | | 190,064 | | | (296,413) | | |
| Income tax expense (benefit) | | Income tax expense (benefit) | | 25,754 | | | (20,616) | | |
| Net income (loss) | | Net income (loss) | | 164,310 | | | (275,797) | | |
| | Less: Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | Less: Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | 42,627 | | | 15,908 | | | (38,593) | | | 41,878 | | | Less: Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | | 49,858 | | | (166,406) | | |
| Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in Ares Operating Group entities | 52,162 | | | 42,636 | | | 48,926 | | | 136,032 | | | |
| Net income attributable to Ares Management Corporation | 47,545 | | | 33,331 | | | 72,880 | | | 110,419 | | | |
| Net income (loss) attributable to Ares Operating Group entities | | Net income (loss) attributable to Ares Operating Group entities | | 114,452 | | | (109,391) | | |
| Less: Net income attributable to redeemable interest in Ares Operating Group entities | | Less: Net income attributable to redeemable interest in Ares Operating Group entities | | 32 | | | 0 | | |
| Less: Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in Ares Operating Group entities | | Less: Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in Ares Operating Group entities | | 56,042 | | | (78,355) | | |
| Net income (loss) attributable to Ares Management Corporation | | Net income (loss) attributable to Ares Management Corporation | | 58,378 | | | (31,036) | | |
| Less: Series A Preferred Stock dividends paid | Less: Series A Preferred Stock dividends paid | 5,425 | | | 5,425 | | | 16,275 | | | 16,275 | | | Less: Series A Preferred Stock dividends paid | | 5,425 | | | 5,425 | | |
| Net income attributable to Ares Management Corporation Class A common stockholders | $ | 42,120 | | | $ | 27,906 | | | $ | 56,605 | | | $ | 94,144 | | | |
| Net income per share of Class A common stock: | | | | | | | | | |
| Net income (loss) attributable to Ares Management Corporation Class A common stockholders | | Net income (loss) attributable to Ares Management Corporation Class A common stockholders | | $ | 52,953 | | | $ | (36,461) | | |
| Net income (loss) per share of Class A common stock: | | Net income (loss) per share of Class A common stock: | | | | | |
| Basic | Basic | $ | 0.27 | | | $ | 0.24 | | | $ | 0.37 | | | $ | 0.84 | | | Basic | | $ | 0.33 | | | $ | (0.33) | | |
| Diluted | Diluted | $ | 0.27 | | | $ | 0.23 | | | $ | 0.37 | | | $ | 0.81 | | | Diluted | | $ | 0.32 | | | $ | (0.33) | | |
| Weighted-average shares of Class A common stock: | Weighted-average shares of Class A common stock: | | | | | | | | | Weighted-average shares of Class A common stock: | | | | | |
| Basic | Basic | 143,466,209 | | | 108,481,929 | | | 131,866,471 | | | 105,546,219 | | | Basic | | 149,271,822 | | | 118,366,539 | | |
| Diluted | Diluted | 158,122,563 | | | 121,890,022 | | | 131,866,471 | | | 116,418,136 | | | Diluted | | 163,664,384 | | | 118,366,539 | | |
Substantially all revenue is earned from affiliated funds of the Company. See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Ares Management Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(Amounts in Thousands)
(unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended September 30, | | Nine months ended September 30, | | | |
| | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Net income | $ | 141,327 | | | $ | 91,875 | | | $ | 82,206 | | | $ | 288,329 | | | | |
| Other comprehensive income: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax | 16,893 | | | (9,429) | | | 5,372 | | | (10,336) | | | | |
| Total comprehensive income | 158,220 | | | 82,446 | | | 87,578 | | | 277,993 | | | | |
| Less: Comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable interest in Ares Operating Group entities | (365) | | | 0 | | | (365) | | | 0 | | | | |
| Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | 50,300 | | | 10,962 | | | (32,478) | | | 36,779 | | | | |
| Less: Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests in Ares Operating Group entities | 56,290 | | | 40,284 | | | 48,281 | | | 133,281 | | | | |
| Comprehensive income attributable to Ares Management Corporation | $ | 51,995 | | | $ | 31,200 | | | $ | 72,140 | | | $ | 107,933 | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Three months ended March 31, | |
| | | | | | 2021 | | 2020 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Net income (loss) | | | | | $ | 164,310 | | | $ | (275,797) | | | | |
| Other comprehensive income (loss): | | | | | | | | | | |
| Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax | | | | | (10,573) | | | (14,208) | | | | |
| Total comprehensive income (loss) | | | | | 153,737 | | | (290,005) | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Less: Comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable interest in Ares Operating Group entities | | | | | (558) | | | 0 | | | | |
| Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | | | | | 40,786 | | | (171,093) | | | | |
| Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in Ares Operating Group entities | | | | | 55,676 | | | (83,074) | | | | |
| Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Ares Management Corporation | | | | | $ | 57,833 | | | $ | (35,838) | | | | |
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Ares Management Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
(Amounts in Thousands)
(unaudited)
| | | Series A Preferred Stock | | Class A Common Stock | | Class C Common Stock | | Additional Paid-in-Capital | | Retained Earnings | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss) | | Non-Controlling Interest in Ares Operating Group Entities | | Non-Controlling Interest in Consolidated Funds | | Total Equity | | Series A Preferred Stock | | Class A Common Stock | | Class C Common Stock | | Additional Paid-in-Capital | | Retained Earnings | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss) | | Non-Controlling Interest in Ares Operating Group Entities | | Non-Controlling Interest in Consolidated Funds | | Total Equity |
| Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | 298,761 | | | $ | 1,152 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 525,244 | | | $ | (50,820) | | | $ | (6,047) | | | $ | 472,288 | | | $ | 618,020 | | | $ | 1,858,598 | | |
| Consolidation and deconsolidation of funds, net | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (3,882) | | | (3,882) | | |
| Balance at December 31, 2020 | | Balance at December 31, 2020 | $ | 298,761 | | | $ | 1,472 | | | $ | 1,124 | | | $ | 1,043,669 | | | $ | (151,824) | | | $ | 483 | | | $ | 738,369 | | | $ | 539,720 | | | $ | 2,471,774 | |
| | Changes in ownership interests and related tax benefits | Changes in ownership interests and related tax benefits | — | | | 40 | | | — | | | (196,670) | | | — | | | — | | | 122,551 | | | — | | | (74,079) | | Changes in ownership interests and related tax benefits | — | | | 26 | | | (2) | | | (41,686) | | | — | | | — | | | (44,477) | | | — | | | (86,139) | |
| Issuances of common stock | — | | | 121 | | | 1,152 | | | 382,061 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 383,334 | | |
| Capital contributions | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 42,012 | | | 133,265 | | | 175,277 | | |
| Dividends/Distributions | (5,425) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (51,090) | | | — | | | (55,748) | | | (13,492) | | | (125,755) | | |
| Net loss | 5,425 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (36,461) | | | — | | | (78,355) | | | (166,406) | | | (275,797) | | |
| Currency translation adjustment, net of tax | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (4,802) | | | (4,719) | | | (4,687) | | | (14,208) | | |
| Equity compensation | — | | | — | | | — | | | 16,420 | | | — | | | — | | | 16,137 | | | — | | | 32,557 | | |
| Stock option exercises | — | | | 11 | | | — | | | 19,540 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 19,551 | | |
| Balance at March 31, 2020 | 298,761 | | | 1,324 | | | 1,152 | | | 746,595 | | | (138,371) | | | (10,849) | | | 514,166 | | | 562,818 | | | 1,975,596 | | |
| Consolidation and deconsolidation of funds, net | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,475 | | | 1,475 | | |
| Changes in ownership interests and related tax benefits | — | | | 4 | | | (4) | | | (9,702) | | | — | | | — | | | 9,796 | | | — | | | 94 | | |
| Expenses incurred upon issuance of common stock | — | | | — | | | — | | | (181) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (181) | | |
| | Capital contributions | Capital contributions | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 229 | | | (9,570) | | | (9,341) | | Capital contributions | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 0 | | | 11,011 | | | 11,011 | |
| Dividends/Distributions | Dividends/Distributions | (5,425) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (57,620) | | | — | | | (59,949) | | | (136,837) | | | (259,831) | | Dividends/Distributions | (5,425) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (74,684) | | | — | | | (67,084) | | | (38,829) | | | (186,022) | |
| Net income | Net income | 5,425 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 50,946 | | | — | | | 75,119 | | | 85,186 | | | 216,676 | | Net income | 5,425 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 52,953 | | | — | | | 56,042 | | | 49,858 | | | 164,278 | |
| Currency translation adjustment, net of tax | Currency translation adjustment, net of tax | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (388) | | | (54) | | | 3,129 | | | 2,687 | | Currency translation adjustment, net of tax | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (545) | | | (366) | | | (9,072) | | | (9,983) | |
| Equity compensation | Equity compensation | — | | | — | | | — | | | 15,500 | | | — | | | — | | | 13,183 | | | — | | | 28,683 | | Equity compensation | — | | | — | | | — | | | 31,752 | | | — | | | — | | | 23,897 | | | — | | | 55,649 | |
| Stock option exercises | — | | | 25 | | | — | | | 47,865 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 47,890 | | |
| Balance at June 30, 2020 | $ | 298,761 | | | $ | 1,353 | | | $ | 1,148 | | | $ | 800,077 | | | $ | (145,045) | | | $ | (11,237) | | | $ | 552,490 | | | $ | 506,201 | | | $ | 2,003,748 | | |
| | Changes in ownership interests and related tax benefits | — | | | 2 | | | (2) | | | (122,555) | | | — | | | — | | | 118,804 | | | — | | | (3,751) | | |
| Capital contributions | — | | | — | | | — | | | 481 | | | — | | | — | | | 0 | | | 18 | | | 499 | | |
| Issuances of common stock | — | | | 77 | | | 0 | | | 305,261 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 305,338 | | |
| Dividends/Distributions | (5,425) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (61,159) | | | — | | | (49,391) | | | (19,418) | | | (135,393) | | |
| Net income | 5,425 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 42,120 | | | — | | | 52,162 | | | 42,627 | | | 142,334 | | |
| Currency translation adjustment, net of tax | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 4,450 | | | 4,128 | | | 7,673 | | | 16,251 | | |
| Equity compensation | — | | | — | | | — | | | 16,921 | | | — | | | — | | | 13,416 | | | — | | | 30,337 | | |
| Stock option exercises | — | | | 6 | | | — | | | 11,512 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 11,518 | | |
| Balance at September 30, 2020 | $ | 298,761 | | | $ | 1,438 | | | $ | 1,146 | | | $ | 1,011,697 | | | $ | (164,084) | | | $ | (6,787) | | | $ | 691,609 | | | $ | 537,101 | | | $ | 2,370,881 | | |
| Balance at March 31, 2021 | | Balance at March 31, 2021 | 298,761 | | | 1,498 | | | 1,122 | | | 1,033,735 | | | (173,555) | | | (62) | | | 706,381 | | | 552,688 | | | 2,420,568 | |
|
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Ares Management Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
(Amounts in Thousands)
(unaudited)
| | | Series A Preferred Stock | | Class A Common Stock | | Additional Paid-in-Capital | | Retained Earnings | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss) | | Non-Controlling Interest in Ares Operating Group Entities | | Non-Controlling Interest in Consolidated Funds | | Total Equity | | Series A Preferred Stock | | Class A Common Stock | | Class C Common Stock | | Additional Paid-in-Capital | | Retained Earnings | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss) | | Non-Controlling Interest in Ares Operating Group Entities | | Non-Controlling Interest in Consolidated Funds | | Total Equity |
| Balance at December 31, 2018 | | $ | 298,761 | | | $ | 1,016 | | | $ | 326,007 | | | $ | (29,336) | | | $ | (8,524) | | | $ | 302,780 | | | $ | 503,637 | | | $ | 1,394,341 | | |
| Relinquished with deconsolidation of funds | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (55) | | | (55) | | |
| Balance at December 31, 2019 | | Balance at December 31, 2019 | | $ | 298,761 | | | $ | 1,152 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 525,244 | | | $ | (50,820) | | | $ | (6,047) | | | $ | 472,288 | | | $ | 618,020 | | | $ | 1,858,598 | |
| Consolidation and deconsolidation of funds, net | | Consolidation and deconsolidation of funds, net | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (3,882) | | | (3,882) | |
| Changes in ownership interests and related tax benefits | Changes in ownership interests and related tax benefits | | — | | | 15 | | | (6,339) | | | — | | | — | | | (12,073) | | | — | | | (18,397) | | Changes in ownership interests and related tax benefits | | — | | | 40 | | | — | | | (196,670) | | | — | | | — | | | 122,551 | | | — | | | (74,079) | |
| Contributions | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,876 | | | 54,035 | | | 55,911 | | |
| Issuances of common stock | | Issuances of common stock | | — | | | 121 | | | 1,152 | | | 382,061 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 383,334 | |
| Capital contributions | | Capital contributions | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 42,012 | | | 133,265 | | | 175,277 | |
| Dividends/Distributions | Dividends/Distributions | | (5,425) | | | — | | | — | | | (35,367) | | | — | | | (40,112) | | | (20,736) | | | (101,640) | | Dividends/Distributions | | (5,425) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (51,090) | | | — | | | (55,748) | | | (13,492) | | | (125,755) | |
| Net income | | 5,425 | | | — | | | — | | | 39,524 | | | — | | | 59,003 | | | 17,624 | | | 121,576 | | |
| Net loss | | Net loss | | 5,425 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (36,461) | | | — | | | (78,355) | | | (166,406) | | | (275,797) | |
| Currency translation adjustment, net of tax | Currency translation adjustment, net of tax | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,284 | | | 1,459 | | | (1,659) | | | 1,084 | | Currency translation adjustment, net of tax | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (4,802) | | | (4,719) | | | (4,687) | | | (14,208) | |
| Equity compensation | Equity compensation | | — | | | — | | | 12,637 | | | — | | | — | | | 14,367 | | | — | | | 27,004 | | Equity compensation | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 16,420 | | | — | | | — | | | 16,137 | | | — | | | 32,557 | |
| Balance at March 31, 2019 | | 298,761 | | | 1,031 | | | 332,305 | | | (25,179) | | | (7,240) | | | 327,300 | | | 552,846 | | | 1,479,824 | | |
| Stock option exercises | | Stock option exercises | | — | | | 11 | | | — | | | 19,540 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 19,551 | |
| Balance at March 31, 2020 | | Balance at March 31, 2020 | | 298,761 | | | 1,324 | | | 1,152 | | | 746,595 | | | (138,371) | | | (10,849) | | | 514,166 | | | 562,818 | | | 1,975,596 | |
| Consolidation and deconsolidation of funds, net | | Consolidation and deconsolidation of funds, net | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,475 | | | 1,475 | |
| Changes in ownership interests and related tax benefits | Changes in ownership interests and related tax benefits | | — | | | 5 | | | (32,128) | | | — | | | — | | | 20,615 | | | — | | | (11,508) | | Changes in ownership interests and related tax benefits | | — | | | 4 | | | (4) | | | (9,702) | | | — | | | — | | | 9,796 | | | — | | | 94 | |
| Repurchases of Class A common stock | | — | | | (4) | | | (10,445) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (10,449) | | |
| Contributions | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 61,464 | | | 61,464 | | |
| Expenses incurred upon issuance of common stock | | Expenses incurred upon issuance of common stock | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (181) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (181) | |
| Capital contributions | | Capital contributions | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 229 | | | (9,570) | | | (9,341) | |
| Dividends/Distributions | Dividends/Distributions | | (5,425) | | | — | | | — | | | (36,782) | | | — | | | (40,103) | | | (10,219) | | | (92,529) | | Dividends/Distributions | | (5,425) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (57,620) | | | — | | | (59,949) | | | (136,837) | | | (259,831) | |
| Net income | Net income | | 5,425 | | | — | | | — | | | 26,714 | | | — | | | 34,393 | | | 8,346 | | | 74,878 | | Net income | | 5,425 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 50,946 | | | — | | | 75,119 | | | 85,186 | | | 216,676 | |
| Currency translation adjustment, net of tax | Currency translation adjustment, net of tax | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (1,639) | | | (1,858) | | | 1,506 | | | (1,991) | | Currency translation adjustment, net of tax | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (388) | | | (54) | | | 3,129 | | | 2,687 | |
| Equity compensation | Equity compensation | | — | | | — | | | 11,306 | | | — | | | — | | | 12,535 | | | — | | | 23,841 | | Equity compensation | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 15,500 | | | — | | | — | | | 13,183 | | | — | | | 28,683 | |
| Stock option exercises | Stock option exercises | | — | | | 43 | | | 78,751 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 78,794 | | Stock option exercises | | — | | | 25 | | | — | | | 47,865 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 47,890 | |
| Balance at June 30, 2019 | | 298,761 | | | 1,075 | | | 379,789 | | | (35,247) | | | (8,879) | | | 352,882 | | | 613,943 | | | 1,602,324 | | |
| Balance at June 30, 2020 | | Balance at June 30, 2020 | | 298,761 | | | 1,353 | | | 1,148 | | | 800,077 | | | (145,045) | | | (11,237) | | | 552,490 | | | 506,201 | | | 2,003,748 | |
| | Changes in ownership interests and related tax benefits | Changes in ownership interests and related tax benefits | | — | | | 1 | | | (94,004) | | | — | | | — | | | 95,212 | | | — | | | 1,209 | | Changes in ownership interests and related tax benefits | | — | | | 2 | | | (2) | | | (122,555) | | | — | | | — | | | 118,804 | | | — | | | (3,751) | |
| | Contributions | | — | | | 70 | | | 206,635 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 49,391 | | | 256,096 | | |
| Issuances of common stock | | Issuances of common stock | | — | | | 77 | | | 0 | | | 305,261 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 305,338 | |
| Capital contributions | | Capital contributions | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 481 | | | — | | | — | | | 0 | | | 18 | | | 499 | |
| Dividends/Distributions | Dividends/Distributions | | (5,425) | | | — | | | — | | | (36,967) | | | — | | | (48,970) | | | (34,620) | | | (125,982) | | Dividends/Distributions | | (5,425) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (61,159) | | | — | | | (49,391) | | | (19,418) | | | (135,393) | |
| Net income | Net income | | 5,425 | | | — | | | — | | | 27,906 | | | — | | | 42,636 | | | 15,908 | | | 91,875 | | Net income | | 5,425 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 42,120 | | | — | | | 52,162 | | | 42,627 | | | 142,334 | |
| Currency translation adjustment, net of tax | Currency translation adjustment, net of tax | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (2,131) | | | (2,352) | | | (4,946) | | | (9,429) | | Currency translation adjustment, net of tax | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 4,450 | | | 4,128 | | | 7,673 | | | 16,251 | |
| Equity compensation | Equity compensation | | — | | | — | | | 10,816 | | | — | | | — | | | 11,577 | | | — | | | 22,393 | | Equity compensation | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 16,921 | | | — | | | — | | | 13,416 | | | — | | | 30,337 | |
| Stock option exercises | Stock option exercises | | — | | | 1 | | | 4,295 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 4,296 | | Stock option exercises | | — | | | 6 | | | — | | | 11,512 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 11,518 | |
| Balance at September 30, 2019 | | 298,761 | | | 1,147 | | | 507,531 | | | (44,308) | | | (11,010) | | | 450,985 | | | 639,676 | | | 1,842,782 | | |
| Balance at September 30, 2020 | | Balance at September 30, 2020 | | 298,761 | | | 1,438 | | | 1,146 | | | 1,011,697 | | | (164,084) | | | (6,787) | | | 691,609 | | | 537,101 | | | 2,370,881 | |
| | Changes in ownership interests and related tax benefits | Changes in ownership interests and related tax benefits | | — | | | 1 | | | (1,505) | | | — | | | — | | | 1,587 | | | — | | | 83 | | Changes in ownership interests and related tax benefits | | — | | | 27,000 | | | (22,000) | | | 508,000 | | | — | | | — | | | (21,922) | | | — | | | (21,409) | |
| Contributions | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 7,961 | | | 7,961 | | |
| Issuances of common stock | | Issuances of common stock | | — | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 1 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1 | |
| Capital contributions | | Capital contributions | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 2,558 | | | 8,717 | | | 11,275 | |
| Dividends/Distributions | Dividends/Distributions | | (5,425) | | | — | | | — | | | (39,552) | | | — | | | (45,814) | | | (30,707) | | | (121,498) | | Dividends/Distributions | | (5,425) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (61,577) | | | — | | | (50,246) | | | (81,760) | | | (199,008) | |
| Net income | Net income | | 5,425 | | | — | | | — | | | 33,040 | | | — | | | 48,184 | | | (2,174) | | | 84,475 | | Net income | | 5,425 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 73,837 | | | — | | | 96,308 | | | 66,678 | | | 242,248 | |
| Currency translation adjustment, net of tax | Currency translation adjustment, net of tax | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 4,963 | | | 5,431 | | | 3,264 | | | 13,658 | | Currency translation adjustment, net of tax | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 7,270 | | | 6,206 | | | 8,984 | | | 22,460 | |
| Equity compensation | Equity compensation | | — | | | — | | | 11,801 | | | — | | | — | | | 11,915 | | | — | | | 23,716 | | Equity compensation | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 17,553 | | | — | | | — | | | 13,856 | | | — | | | 31,409 | |
| Stock option exercises | Stock option exercises | | — | | | 4 | | | 7,417 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 7,421 | | Stock option exercises | | — | | | 7 | | | — | | | 13,910 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 13,917 | |
| Balance at December 31, 2019 | | $ | 298,761 | | | $ | 1,152 | | | $ | 525,244 | | | $ | (50,820) | | | $ | (6,047) | | | $ | 472,288 | | | $ | 618,020 | | | $ | 1,858,598 | | |
| Balance at December 31, 2020 | | Balance at December 31, 2020 | | $ | 298,761 | | | $ | 1,472 | | | $ | 1,124 | | | $ | 1,043,669 | | | $ | (151,824) | | | $ | 483 | | | $ | 738,369 | | | $ | 539,720 | | | $ | 2,471,774 | |
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Ares Management Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Amounts in Thousands)
(unaudited)
| | | | Nine months ended September 30, | | | Three months ended March 31, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | | 2021 | | 2020 | |
| Cash flows from operating activities: | Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | |
| Net income | $ | 82,206 | | | $ | 288,329 | | | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities | 184,586 | | | 59,736 | | | |
| Net income (loss) | | Net income (loss) | $ | 164,310 | | | $ | (275,797) | | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities | | Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities | 44,284 | | | 125,070 | | |
| | Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities allocable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | (766,399) | | | (1,826,610) | | | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities allocable to redeemable and non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | | Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities allocable to redeemable and non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | (1,208,180) | | | (453,015) | | |
| | Cash flows due to changes in operating assets and liabilities | Cash flows due to changes in operating assets and liabilities | 145,702 | | | 19,038 | | | Cash flows due to changes in operating assets and liabilities | (7,044) | | | 51,995 | | |
| | Cash flows due to changes in operating assets and liabilities allocable to non-controlling interest in Consolidated Funds: | 366,367 | | | (220,577) | | | |
| Cash flows due to changes in operating assets and liabilities allocable to redeemable and non-controlling interest in Consolidated Funds | | Cash flows due to changes in operating assets and liabilities allocable to redeemable and non-controlling interest in Consolidated Funds | 265,512 | | | 188,510 | | |
| | Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 12,462 | | | (1,680,084) | | | |
| Net cash used in operating activities | | Net cash used in operating activities | (741,118) | | | (363,237) | | |
| Cash flows from investing activities: | Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | |
| Purchase of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements, net | (8,608) | | | (12,073) | | | |
| Purchase of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements, net of disposals | | Purchase of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements, net of disposals | (3,284) | | | (3,062) | | |
| Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (117,829) | | | 0 | | | Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | 0 | | | (35,844) | | |
| Net cash used in investing activities | Net cash used in investing activities | (126,437) | | | (12,073) | | | Net cash used in investing activities | (3,284) | | | (38,906) | | |
| Cash flows from financing activities: | Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | |
| Net proceeds from issuance of Class A common stock | Net proceeds from issuance of Class A common stock | 383,154 | | | 206,705 | | | Net proceeds from issuance of Class A common stock | 0 | | | 383,334 | | |
| Proceeds from credit facility | 790,000 | | | 265,000 | | | |
| Proceeds from senior notes | 399,084 | | | 0 | | | |
| Repayments of credit facility | (860,000) | | | (500,000) | | | |
| Proceeds from Credit Facility | | Proceeds from Credit Facility | 168,000 | | | 790,000 | | |
| | Repayments of Credit Facility | | Repayments of Credit Facility | 0 | | | (60,000) | | |
| | Dividends and distributions | Dividends and distributions | (334,957) | | | (238,301) | | | Dividends and distributions | (141,768) | | | (106,838) | | |
| Series A Preferred Stock dividends | Series A Preferred Stock dividends | (16,275) | | | (16,275) | | | Series A Preferred Stock dividends | (5,425) | | | (5,425) | | |
| | Repurchases of Class A common stock | 0 | | | (10,449) | | | |
| Stock option exercises | Stock option exercises | 78,959 | | | 83,090 | | | Stock option exercises | 0 | | | 19,551 | | |
| | Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards | Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards | (75,657) | | | (32,022) | | | Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards | (84,590) | | | (73,500) | | |
| | Other financing activities | Other financing activities | (4,137) | | | (3,240) | | | Other financing activities | 341 | | | (2,125) | | |
| Allocable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds: | | | | |
| Contributions from non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | 123,713 | | | 164,890 | | | |
| Allocable to redeemable and non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds: | | Allocable to redeemable and non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds: | | |
| Contributions from redeemable and non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | | Contributions from redeemable and non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | 941,935 | | | 133,265 | | |
| Distributions to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | Distributions to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | (169,747) | | | (65,575) | | | Distributions to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | (38,829) | | | (13,492) | | |
| Borrowings under loan obligations by Consolidated Funds | Borrowings under loan obligations by Consolidated Funds | 618,207 | | | 2,482,341 | | | Borrowings under loan obligations by Consolidated Funds | 7,000 | | | 454,391 | | |
| Repayments under loan obligations by Consolidated Funds | Repayments under loan obligations by Consolidated Funds | (104,794) | | | (585,496) | | | Repayments under loan obligations by Consolidated Funds | (29,453) | | | (73,609) | | |
| Net cash provided by financing activities | Net cash provided by financing activities | 827,550 | | | 1,750,668 | | | Net cash provided by financing activities | 817,211 | | | 1,445,552 | | |
| Effect of exchange rate changes | Effect of exchange rate changes | 16,793 | | | (16,555) | | | Effect of exchange rate changes | (2,749) | | | (14,120) | | |
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents | Net change in cash and cash equivalents | 730,368 | | | 41,956 | | | Net change in cash and cash equivalents | 70,060 | | | 1,029,289 | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 138,384 | | | 110,247 | | | Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 539,812 | | | 138,384 | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 868,752 | | | $ | 152,203 | | | Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 609,872 | | | $ | 1,167,673 | | |
| Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities | | | | | |
| Issuance of Class A common stock in connection with acquisitions | $ | 305,338 | | | $ | 0 | | | |
| |
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
1. ORGANIZATION
Ares Management Corporation (the “Company”), a Delaware corporation, together with its subsidiaries, is a leading global alternative investment manager operating integrated groups across Credit, Private Equity, Real Estate and Strategic Initiatives. Beginning in the third quarter of 2020, the Company began reflecting a new Strategic Initiatives category, which represents operating segments and strategic investments that are seeking to broaden the Company's distribution channels or expand its access to global markets. Information about segments should be read together with "Note“Note 14. Segment Reporting.” Subsidiaries of the Company serve as the general partners and/or investment managers to various investment funds and managed accounts within each investment group (the “Ares Funds”). These subsidiaries provide investment advisory services to the Ares Funds in exchange for management fees.
The accompanying unaudited financial statements include the condensed consolidated results of the Company and its subsidiaries. The Company is a holding company, and the Company's assets include equity interests in Ares Holdings Inc., Ares Offshore Holdings, Ltd., and Ares AI Holdings L.P. In this quarterly report, the following of the Company’s subsidiaries are collectively referred to as the “Ares Operating Group” or “AOG”: Ares Offshore Holdings L.P. (“Ares Offshore”), Ares Holdings L.P. (“Ares Holdings”), and Ares Investments L.P (“Ares Investments”). The Company, indirectly through its wholly owned subsidiaries, is the general partner of each of the Ares Operating Group entities. The Company operates and controls all of the businesses and affairs of and conducts all of its material business activities through the Ares Operating Group.
In addition, the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries manages or controls certain entities that have been consolidated in the accompanying financials statements as described in “Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”. These entities include Ares funds, co-investment entities, collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) and a special purpose acquisition company (“SPAC”) (collectively, the “Consolidated Funds”). In February 2021, the Company’s first sponsored SPAC, Ares Acquisition Corporation (NYSE: AAC) (“AAC”), consummated its initial public offering that generated gross proceeds of $1.0 billion. Prior to the completion of a business combination, the sponsor, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, owns the majority of the Class B ordinary shares outstanding of AAC, and consolidates AAC under the voting interest model. Including the results of the Consolidated Funds significantly increases the reported amounts of the assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and cash flows in the accompanying consolidated financial statements; however, the Consolidated Funds results included herein have no direct effect on the net income attributable to Ares Management Corporation or to Stockholders' Equity. Instead, economic ownership interests of the investors in the Consolidated Funds are reflected as redeemable and non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds. Further, cash flows allocable to redeemable and non-controlling interest in Consolidated Funds are specifically identifiable in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Redeemable Interest and Non-Controlling Interests in Ares Operating Group Entities
The non-controlling interests in AOG entities representsrepresent a component of equity and net income attributable to the owners of the Ares Operating Group Units (“AOG Units”) that are not held directly or indirectly by the Company. These owners consist predominantly of Ares Owners Holdings L.P. but also include other strategic distribution partnerships with whom the Company has established joint ventures. Non-controlling interests in AOG entities are adjusted for contributions to and distributions from AOG during the reporting period and are allocated income from the AOG entities based on their historical ownership percentage for the proportional number of days in the reporting period.
On February 21, 2020, the Company completed its acquisition (“Crestline Acquisition”) of the Class A membership interests (the “Class A membership interests”) in Crestline Denali Capital LLC (“Crestline Denali”). The Class A membership interests entitle the Company to the fees associated with managing 7 collateral management contracts. The Class B membership interests of Crestline Denali (the “Class B membership interests”) were retained by the former owners of Crestline Denali and represent the financial interests in the subordinated notes of the collateralized loan obligations. In connection with the Company's control over Crestline Denali, the Company also consolidates investments and financial results that are attributable to the Class B membership interests to which the Company has no economic rights or obligations. Equity and income (loss) attributable to the Class B membership interests is included within non-controlling interests in AOG entities.
On July 1, 2020, the Company completed its acquisition of a majority interest in SSG Capital Holdings Limited and its operating subsidiaries ("SSG"(“SSG”) in accordance with the purchase agreement entered into on January 21, 2020 ("(“SSG Acquisition"Acquisition”). Following the acquisition, SSG began operating under the Ares SSG brand. Ares SSG is an alternative investment manager in the Asia Pacific that is focused on leveraging its broad Pan-Asian presence, extensive infrastructure and local origination network to make credit, private equity and special situation investments across Asia and Australia.
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
In connection with the SSG Acquisition, the former owners of SSG retained an ownership interest in the operations acquired by the Company. In certain circumstances, the Company may acquire full ownership of SSG pursuant to a contractual arrangement that may be initiated by the Company or by the former owners of SSG. Since the acquisition of the remaining interest in SSG is not within the Company's sole discretion, the ownership interest held by the former owners of SSG is classified as a redeemable interest and represents mezzanine equity.
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and instructions to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The condensed consolidated financial statements, including these notes, are unaudited and exclude some of the disclosures required in annual financial statements. Management believes it has made all necessary adjustments so that the condensed consolidated financial statements are presented fairly and that estimates made in preparing its condensed consolidated financial statements are reasonable and prudent, and that all such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The operating results presented for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the entire year. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20192020 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
As of September 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, the impact of the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”) continues to unfold. As a result, management's estimates and assumptions may be subject to a higher degree of variability and volatility that may result in material differences from the current period.
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts and activities of the AOG entities, their consolidated subsidiaries and certain Consolidated Funds. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.
The Company has reclassified certain prior period amounts to conform to the current year presentation.
Cash and Cash EquivalentsU.S. Treasury Securities, at Fair Value
CashU.S. Treasury securities, at fair value represents U.S Treasury bills that were purchased with funds raised through the initial public offering of AAC, a consolidated SPAC that is presented within Consolidated Funds. The funds raised are held in a trust account that is restricted for use and cash equivalentsmay only be used for purposes of completing an initial business combination or redemption of public shares as set forth in the Company includes investments withtrust agreement. The U.S. Treasury bills have original maturities at purchase of lessgreater than three months money market fundswhen purchased and demand deposits. Cashtherefore is recorded at fair value. Interest income received on such securities is separately presented from the overall change in fair value and cash equivalents held atis recognized within interest and other income of Consolidated Funds represents cashin the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Any remaining change in fair value of such securities, that although not legally restricted, is not available to supportrecognized as interest income, is recognized in net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments of Consolidated Funds in the general liquidity needsCondensed Consolidated Statements of the Company, as the use of such amounts is generally limited to the activities of the Consolidated Funds.
At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had cash balances with financial institutions in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured limits. The Company monitors the credit standing of these financial institutions.Operations.
Redeemable Interest in Ares Operating Group EntitiesConsolidated Funds
Redeemable interest in AOG entities representsConsolidated Funds represent the ownership interestshares issued by AAC that are redeemable for cash by the former owners of SSG retainedpublic shareholders in connection with the SSG Acquisition. Redeemable interestAAC’s failure to complete a business combination or tender offer associated with stockholder approval provisions. Although AAC has not specified a maximum redemption threshold, its amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that in AOG entities was initially recorded at fair value on the date of acquisition within mezzanine equityno event will it redeem its public shares in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Income is allocated based on the ownership percentage attributablean amount that would cause its net tangible assets to the redeemable interest. The Company determined that the redemption of the redeemable interest is probable as of the date of acquisition.be less than $5,000,001. At each balance sheet date, the carrying value of the redeemable interest is presented at the redemption amount, as defined in accordance with the terms of a contractual arrangement between the Company and the former owners of SSG, to the extent that the redemption amount exceeds the initial measurement on the date of acquisition.amount. The Company recognizes changes in the redemption amount with corresponding adjustments against retained earnings, or additional paid-in-capital that is reflected within non-controlling interest in the absence of retained earnings, within stockholders' equityConsolidated Funds in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. At March 31, 2021, approximately 93,092,438 of the 100,000,000 Class A ordinary shares of AAC were classified outside of permanent equity.
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
The Company considers the applicability and impact of all accounting standard updates (“ASU”) issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). ASUs not listed below were assessed and either determined to be not applicable or expected to have minimal impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The amendments in this update simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent application of and simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. ASU 2019-12 is effective for public entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020 and interim periods within those reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in this update related to separate financial statements of legal entities that are not subject to tax should be applied on a retrospective basis for all periods presented. The amendments related to changes in ownership of foreign equity method investments or foreign subsidiaries should be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The amendments related to franchise taxes that are partially based on income should be applied on either a retrospective basis for all periods presented or a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments should be applied on a prospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-01, Investments—Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815). The amendments in this update clarify certain interactions between the guidance to account for certain equity securities under Topic 321, the guidance to account for investments under the equity method of accounting in Topic 323, and the guidance in Topic 815, which could change how an entity accounts for an equity security under the measurement alternative or a forward contract or purchased option to purchase securities that, upon settlement of the forward contract or exercise of the purchased option, would be accounted for under the equity method of accounting or the fair value option in accordance with Topic 825, Financial Instruments. These amendments improve current GAAP by reducing diversity in practice and increasing comparability of the accounting for these interactions. ASU 2020-01 is effective for public entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020 and interim periods within those reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in this update should be applied on a prospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848). The amendments in this update provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments in this update apply only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), to clarify that certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivative instruments that use an interest rate for margining, discounting, or contract price alignment that is modified as a result of reference rate reform. An entity may elect to adopt the amendments for contract modifications as of any date from the beginning of an interim period that includes or is subsequent to March 12, 2020, or prospectively from a date within an interim period that includes or is subsequent to March 12, 2020, up to the date that the financial statements are available to be issued. An entity may elect to apply the amendments in ASU 2020-04 to eligible hedging relationships existing as of the beginning of the interim period that includes March 12, 2020 and to new eligible hedging relationships entered into after the beginning of the interim period that includes March 12, 2020. The one-time election to sell, transfer, or both sell and transfer debt securities classified as held-to-maturity may be madeASU 2021-01 at any time after March 12, 2020 but no later than December 31, 2022. The expedients and exceptions provided by the amendments do not apply to contract modifications and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after December 31, 2022, except for hedging transactions as of December 31, 2022, that an entity has elected certain optional expedients for and that are retained through the end of the hedging relationship. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
3. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Finite Lived Intangible Assets, Net
The following table summarizes the carrying value, net of accumulated amortization, of the Company's intangible assets that are included within other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Weighted Average Amortization Period as of September 30, 2020 | | As of September 30, | | As of December 31, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Management contracts | 5.7 years | | $ | 214,247 | | | $ | 12,498 | |
| Client relationships | 9.3 years | | 25,141 | | | 6,341 | |
| Trade name | 9.6 years | | 11,079 | | | 378 | |
| Intangible assets | | | 250,467 | | | 19,217 | |
| Foreign currency translation | | | 1,259 | | | 0 | |
| Total intangible assets | | | 251,726 | | | 19,217 | |
| Less: accumulated amortization | | | (20,331) | | | (11,242) | |
| Intangible assets, net | | | $ | 231,395 | | | $ | 7,975 | |
In connection with the SSG Acquisition during the third quarter of 2020, the Company allocated $171.7 million, $18.8 million and $10.7 million of the purchase price to the fair value of the management contracts, client relationships and trade name, respectively. The acquired management contracts, client relationships and trade name had a weighted average amortization period of 5.6 years, 9.8 years and 9.8 years, respectively.
In connection with the acquisition of 7 collateral management agreements during the first quarter of 2020, the Company allocated $34.7 million of the purchase price to the fair value of the collateral management contracts. The acquired management contracts had a weighted average amortization period of 5.9 years. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Weighted Average Amortization Period as of March 31, 2021 | | As of March 31, | | As of December 31, |
| | |
| | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Management contracts | 5.2 years | | $ | 210,857 | | | $ | 210,857 | |
| Client relationships | 8.8 years | | 25,141 | | | 25,141 | |
| Trade name | 9.1 years | | 11,079 | | | 11,079 | |
| Intangible assets | | | 247,077 | | | 247,077 | |
| Foreign currency translation | | | 1,873 | | | 3,093 | |
| Total intangible assets | | | 248,950 | | | 250,170 | |
| Less: accumulated amortization | | | (38,539) | | | (28,082) | |
| Intangible assets, net | | | $ | 210,411 | | | $ | 222,088 | |
Amortization expense associated with intangible assets was $11.1$10.6 million and $0.6$1.0 million for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, respectively, and $13.7 million and $3.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and is presented within general, administrative and other expenses within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. During the first quarter of 2020, the Company removed $4.7 million of intangible assets that were fully amortized.
During the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $20.0 million to general, administrative and other expenses within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations related to certain intangible assets recorded in connection with the Company’s acquisition of Energy Investors Funds. Following the recognition of the impairment charge, the Company removed $35.1 million of the client relationships and trade name intangible assets to reflect the adjusted carrying value to be amortized over the remaining useful life.
Goodwill
The following table summarizes the carrying value of the Company's goodwill assets that are included within other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Credit Group | | Private
Equity Group | | Real
Estate Group | | Strategic Initiatives | | Total |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Balance as of December 31, 2019 | $ | 32,196 | | | $ | 58,600 | | | $ | 53,059 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 143,855 | |
| Acquisitions | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 224,601 | | | 224,601 | |
| Foreign currency translation | 0 | | | 0 | | | (48) | | | 1,086 | | | 1,038 | |
| Balance as of September 30, 2020 | $ | 32,196 | | | $ | 58,600 | | | $ | 53,011 | | | $ | 225,687 | | | $ | 369,494 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Credit Group | | Private
Equity Group | | Real
Estate Group | | Strategic Initiatives | | Total |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Balance as of December 31, 2020 | $ | 32,196 | | | $ | 58,600 | | | $ | 53,120 | | | $ | 227,131 | | | $ | 371,047 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Foreign currency translation | 0 | | | 0 | | | 16 | | | (1,043) | | | (1,027) | |
| Balance as of March 31, 2021 | $ | 32,196 | | | $ | 58,600 | | | $ | 53,136 | | | $ | 226,088 | | | $ | 370,020 | |
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
In connection with the SSG Acquisition during the third quarter of 2020, the Company's preliminary assessment resulted in an allocation of the purchase price to goodwill of $224.6 million.
There was 0 impairment of goodwill recorded during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and 2019.2020. The impact of foreign currency translation is reflected within other comprehensive income.
4. INVESTMENTS
The Company’s investments are comprised of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Percentage of total investments |
| | | | Percentage of total investments as of | | March 31, | | December 31, | | March 31, | | December 31, |
| | September 30, | | December 31, | | September 30, | | December 31, | |
| | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Equity method investments: | Equity method investments: | | | | | | | | Equity method investments: | | | | | | | |
Equity method private investment partnership interests - principal (1) | Equity method private investment partnership interests - principal (1) | $ | 348,553 | | | $ | 390,407 | | | 21.8 | % | | 23.5 | % | Equity method private investment partnership interests - principal (1) | $ | 388,820 | | | $ | 366,471 | | | 20.1 | % | | 21.8 | % |
Equity method - carried interest (1) | Equity method - carried interest (1) | 1,063,570 | | | 1,134,967 | | | 66.4 | | | 68.2 | | Equity method - carried interest (1) | 1,369,684 | | | 1,145,853 | | | 70.9 | | | 68.1 | |
Equity method private investment partnership interests and other (held at fair value)(1) | Equity method private investment partnership interests and other (held at fair value)(1) | 90,408 | | | 51,528 | | | 5.6 | | | 3.1 | | Equity method private investment partnership interests and other (held at fair value)(1) | 93,017 | | | 92,196 | | | 4.8 | | | 5.5 | |
Equity method private investment partnership interests and other(1) | Equity method private investment partnership interests and other(1) | 22,811 | | | 16,536 | | | 1.4 | | | 1.0 | | Equity method private investment partnership interests and other(1) | 25,917 | | | 23,883 | | | 1.3 | | | 1.4 | |
| Total equity method investments | Total equity method investments | 1,525,342 | | | 1,593,438 | | | 95.2 | | | 95.8 | | Total equity method investments | 1,877,438 | | | 1,628,403 | | | 97.1 | | | 96.8 | |
Collateralized loan obligations (2) | Collateralized loan obligations (2) | 26,411 | | | 22,265 | | | 1.6 | | | 1.3 | | Collateralized loan obligations (2) | 31,947 | | | 31,766 | | | 1.7 | | | 1.9 | |
| Other fixed income | Other fixed income | 49,203 | | | 46,918 | | | 3.1 | | | 2.8 | | Other fixed income | 21,583 | | | 21,583 | | | 1.1 | | | 1.3 | |
| Collateralized loan obligations and other fixed income, at fair value | Collateralized loan obligations and other fixed income, at fair value | 75,614 | | | 69,183 | | | 4.7 | | | 4.1 | | Collateralized loan obligations and other fixed income, at fair value | 53,530 | | | 53,349 | | | 2.8 | | | 3.2 | |
| Common stock, at fair value | Common stock, at fair value | 960 | | | 1,043 | | | 0.1 | | | 0.1 | | Common stock, at fair value | 1,010 | | | 1,007 | | | 0.1 | | | 0.1 | |
| Total investments | Total investments | $ | 1,601,916 | | | $ | 1,663,664 | | | Total investments | $ | 1,931,978 | | | $ | 1,682,759 | | |
|
(1)Investment or portion of the investment is denominated in foreign currency and is translated into U.S. dollars at each reporting date.
(2)As of September 30,March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, includes $2.9$3.5 million and $3.4 million, respectively, of collateralized loan obligations that are attributable to the Crestline Denali Class B membership interests.Membership Interests.
Equity Method Investments
The Company’s equity method investments include investments that are not consolidated but over which the Company exerts significant influence. The Company evaluates each of its equity method investments to determine if any were significant as defined by guidance from the SEC. As of and for the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, no individual equity method investment held by the Company met the significance criteria.
The Company recognized net gains of $26.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and net losses of $28.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 related to its equity method investments of $8.9 million and $1.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, andinvestments. The net gains of $11.1 million and $45.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. The net gainslosses were included within principal investment income, net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments, and interest and dividend income within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
With respect to the Company's equity method investments, the material assets are expected to generate either long-term capital appreciation and/or interest income, while the material liabilities are debt instruments collateralized by, or related to, the financing of the assets and net income is materially comprised of the changes in fair value of these net assets.
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
Investments of the Consolidated Funds
Investments held in the Consolidated Funds are summarized below:
| | | Fair Value at | | Percentage of total investments as of | | Fair Value at | | Percentage of total investments as of |
| | September 30, | | December 31, | | September 30, | | December 31, | | March 31, | | December 31, | | March 31, | | December 31, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Fixed income investments: | Fixed income investments: | | | | | | | | Fixed income investments: | | | | | | | |
| Bonds | Bonds | $ | 331,228 | | | $ | 212,376 | | | 3.2 | % | | 2.4% | Bonds | $ | 396,455 | | | $ | 397,494 | | | 3.3 | % | | 3.6% |
| Loans | Loans | 9,917,197 | | | 8,062,740 | | | 93.5 | | | 92.4 | Loans | 10,037,808 | | | 10,012,948 | | | 84.0 | | | 92.1 |
| U.S. Treasury securities | | U.S. Treasury securities | 1,000,040 | | | 0 | | | 8.4 | | | 0 |
| Investments in CLO warehouse | Investments in CLO warehouse | 0 | | | 44,435 | | | 0 | | | 0.5 | Investments in CLO warehouse | 25,350 | | | 0 | | | 0.2 | | | 0 |
| Total fixed income investments | Total fixed income investments | 10,248,425 | | | 8,319,551 | | | 96.7 | | | 95.3 | Total fixed income investments | 11,459,653 | | | 10,410,442 | | | 95.9 | | | 95.7 |
| Equity securities | Equity securities | 47,197 | | | 112,384 | | | 0.4 | | | 1.3 | Equity securities | 236,953 | | | 227,031 | | | 2.0 | | | 2.1 |
| Partnership interests | Partnership interests | 309,234 | | | 296,012 | | | 2.9 | | | 3.4 | Partnership interests | 251,607 | | | 239,624 | | | 2.1 | | | 2.2 |
| Total investments, at fair value | Total investments, at fair value | $ | 10,604,856 | | | $ | 8,727,947 | | | Total investments, at fair value | $ | 11,948,213 | | | $ | 10,877,097 | | |
At September 30, 2020March 31, 2021, the SPAC’s investment in U.S. Treasury bills exceeded 5% of the Company’s total assets. The U.S. Treasury bills mature in May 2021 and have an interest yield of approximately 0.3%. At December 31, 20192020, ,no no single issuer or investment, including thederivative instruments and underlying portfolio investments of the Consolidated Funds, had a fair value that exceeded 5.0% of the Company’s total assets.
5. FAIR VALUE
Fair Value Measurements
GAAP establishes a hierarchalhierarchical disclosure framework that prioritizes the inputs used in measuring financial instruments at fair value into three levels based on their market price observability. Market price observability is affected by a number of factors, including the type of instrument and the characteristics specific to the instrument. Financial instruments with readily available quoted prices from an active market or for which fair value can be measured based on actively quoted prices generally have a higher degree of market price observability and a lesser degree of judgment inherent in measuring fair value.
Financial assets and liabilities measured and reported at fair value are classified as follows:
•Level I—Quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments.
•Level II—Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in inactive markets; and model-derived valuations with directly or indirectly observable significant inputs. Level II inputs include prices in markets with few transactions, non-current prices, prices for which little public information exists or prices that vary substantially over time or among brokered market makers. Other inputs include interest rates, yield curves, volatilities, prepayment risks, loss severities, credit risks and default rates.
•Level III—Valuations that rely on one or more significant unobservable inputs. These inputs reflect the Company’s assessment of the assumptions that market participants would use to value the instrument based on the best information available.
In some instances, an instrument may fall into more than one level of the fair value hierarchy. In such instances, the instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest of the three levels (with Level III being the lowest) that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of an input requires judgment and considers factors specific to the instrument. The Company accounts for the transfer of assets into or out of each fair value hierarchy level as of the beginning of the reporting period.period
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
Fair Value of Financial Instruments Held by the Company and Consolidated Funds
The following tables summarize the financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value for the Company and the Consolidated Funds as of September 30, 2020:March 31, 2021:
| | Financial Instruments of the Company | Financial Instruments of the Company | | Level I | | Level II | | Level III | | Investments
Measured
at NAV | | Total | Financial Instruments of the Company | | Level I | | Level II | | Level III | | Investments
Measured
at NAV | | Total |
| Assets, at fair value | Assets, at fair value | | | | | | | | | | | Assets, at fair value | | | | | | | | | | |
| Investments: | Investments: | | Investments: | |
| Collateralized loan obligations and other fixed income | Collateralized loan obligations and other fixed income | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 75,614 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 75,614 | | Collateralized loan obligations and other fixed income | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 53,530 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 53,530 | |
| Common stock and other equity securities | Common stock and other equity securities | | 0 | | | 960 | | | 85,925 | | | — | | | 86,885 | | Common stock and other equity securities | | 0 | | | 1,010 | | | 89,233 | | | — | | | 90,243 | |
| Partnership interests | Partnership interests | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 2,575 | | | 1,908 | | | 4,483 | | Partnership interests | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 2,575 | | | 1,209 | | | 3,784 | |
| Total investments, at fair value | Total investments, at fair value | | 0 | | | 960 | | | 164,114 | | | 1,908 | | | 166,982 | | Total investments, at fair value | | 0 | | | 1,010 | | | 145,338 | | | 1,209 | | | 147,557 | |
| Derivatives-foreign exchange contracts | Derivatives-foreign exchange contracts | | 0 | | | 2,760 | | | 0 | | | — | | | 2,760 | | Derivatives-foreign exchange contracts | | 0 | | | 2,897 | | | 0 | | | — | | | 2,897 | |
| Total assets, at fair value | Total assets, at fair value | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 3,720 | | | $ | 164,114 | | | $ | 1,908 | | | $ | 169,742 | | Total assets, at fair value | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 3,907 | | | $ | 145,338 | | | $ | 1,209 | | | $ | 150,454 | |
| Liabilities, at fair value | Liabilities, at fair value | | | | | | | | | | | Liabilities, at fair value | | | | | | | | | | |
| Derivatives-foreign exchange contracts | Derivatives-foreign exchange contracts | | $ | 0 | | | $ | (284) | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (284) | | Derivatives-foreign exchange contracts | | $ | 0 | | | $ | (746) | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (746) | |
| Total liabilities, at fair value | Total liabilities, at fair value | | $ | 0 | | | $ | (284) | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (284) | | Total liabilities, at fair value | | $ | 0 | | | $ | (746) | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (746) | |
| | Financial Instruments of the Consolidated Funds | Financial Instruments of the Consolidated Funds | | Level I | | Level II | | Level III | | Total | Financial Instruments of the Consolidated Funds | | Level I | | Level II | | Level III | | Investments
Measured
at NAV | | Total |
| Assets, at fair value | Assets, at fair value | | | | | | | | | Assets, at fair value | | | | | | | | | | |
| Investments: | Investments: | | Investments: | |
| Fixed income investments: | Fixed income investments: | | Fixed income investments: | |
| Bonds | Bonds | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 331,228 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 331,228 | | Bonds | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 395,834 | | | $ | 621 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 396,455 | |
| Loans | Loans | | 0 | | | 9,403,316 | | | 513,881 | | | 9,917,197 | | Loans | | 0 | | | 9,478,049 | | | 559,759 | | | — | | | 10,037,808 | |
| | U.S. Treasury securities | | U.S. Treasury securities | | 1,000,040 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | — | | | 1,000,040 | |
| Investments in CLO warehouse | | Investments in CLO warehouse | | 0 | | | 25,350 | | | 0 | | | — | | | 25,350 | |
| Total fixed income investments | Total fixed income investments | | 0 | | | 9,734,544 | | | 513,881 | | | 10,248,425 | | Total fixed income investments | | 1,000,040 | | | 9,899,233 | | | 560,380 | | | — | | | 11,459,653 | |
| Equity securities | Equity securities | | 3,985 | | | 0 | | | 43,212 | | | 47,197 | | Equity securities | | 5,008 | | | 1,311 | | | 230,634 | | | — | | | 236,953 | |
| Partnership interests | Partnership interests | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 309,234 | | | 309,234 | | Partnership interests | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 243,452 | | | 8,155 | | | 251,607 | |
| Total investments, at fair value | Total investments, at fair value | | 3,985 | | | 9,734,544 | | | 866,327 | | | 10,604,856 | | Total investments, at fair value | | 1,005,048 | | | 9,900,544 | | | 1,034,466 | | | 8,155 | | | 11,948,213 | |
| | Derivatives-asset swaps-other | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 1,857 | | | 1,857 | | |
| | | Total assets, at fair value | Total assets, at fair value | | $ | 3,985 | | | $ | 9,734,544 | | | $ | 868,184 | | | $ | 10,606,713 | | Total assets, at fair value | | $ | 1,005,048 | | | $ | 9,900,544 | | | $ | 1,034,466 | | | $ | 8,155 | | | $ | 11,948,213 | |
| Liabilities, at fair value | Liabilities, at fair value | | | | | | | | | Liabilities, at fair value | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Derivatives-asset swaps-other | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | (3) | | | $ | (3) | | |
| Derivatives: | | Derivatives: | |
| Warrants | | Warrants | | $ | (17,500) | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (17,500) | |
| Asset swaps-other | | Asset swaps-other | | 0 | | | 0 | | | (2,101) | | | $ | — | | | (2,101) | |
| | Loan obligations of CLOs | Loan obligations of CLOs | | 0 | | | (9,608,127) | | | 0 | | | (9,608,127) | | Loan obligations of CLOs | | 0 | | | (9,839,639) | | | 0 | | | — | | | (9,839,639) | |
| Total liabilities, at fair value | Total liabilities, at fair value | | $ | 0 | | | $ | (9,608,127) | | | $ | (3) | | | $ | (9,608,130) | | Total liabilities, at fair value | | $ | (17,500) | | | $ | (9,839,639) | | | $ | (2,101) | | | $ | — | | | $ | (9,859,240) | |
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
The following tables summarize the financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value for the Company and the Consolidated Funds as of December 31, 2019:2020:
| | Financial Instruments of the Company | Financial Instruments of the Company | | Level I | | Level II | | Level III | | Investments
Measured
at NAV | | Total | Financial Instruments of the Company | | Level I | | Level II | | Level III | | Investments
Measured
at NAV | | Total |
| Assets, at fair value | Assets, at fair value | | | | | | | | | | | Assets, at fair value | | | | | | | | | | |
| Investments: | Investments: | | Investments: | |
| Collateralized loan obligations and other fixed income | Collateralized loan obligations and other fixed income | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 69,183 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 69,183 | | Collateralized loan obligations and other fixed income | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 53,349 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 53,349 | |
| Common stock and other equity securities | Common stock and other equity securities | | 0 | | | 1,043 | | | 14,704 | | | — | | | 15,747 | | Common stock and other equity securities | | 0 | | | 1,007 | | | 88,412 | | | — | | | 89,419 | |
| Partnership interests | Partnership interests | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 35,192 | | | 1,632 | | | 36,824 | | Partnership interests | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 2,575 | | | 1,209 | | | 3,784 | |
| Total investments, at fair value | Total investments, at fair value | | 0 | | | 1,043 | | | 119,079 | | | 1,632 | | | 121,754 | | Total investments, at fair value | | 0 | | | 1,007 | | | 144,336 | | | 1,209 | | | 146,552 | |
| Derivatives-foreign exchange contracts | Derivatives-foreign exchange contracts | | 0 | | | 4,023 | | | 0 | | | — | | | 4,023 | | Derivatives-foreign exchange contracts | | 0 | | | 1,440 | | | 0 | | | — | | | 1,440 | |
| Total assets, at fair value | Total assets, at fair value | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 5,066 | | | $ | 119,079 | | | $ | 1,632 | | | $ | 125,777 | | Total assets, at fair value | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 2,447 | | | $ | 144,336 | | | $ | 1,209 | | | $ | 147,992 | |
| Liabilities, at fair value | Liabilities, at fair value | | | | | | | | | | | Liabilities, at fair value | | | | | | | | | | |
| Derivatives-foreign exchange contracts | Derivatives-foreign exchange contracts | | $ | 0 | | | $ | (113) | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (113) | | Derivatives-foreign exchange contracts | | $ | 0 | | | $ | (1,565) | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (1,565) | |
| Total liabilities, at fair value | Total liabilities, at fair value | | $ | 0 | | | $ | (113) | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (113) | | Total liabilities, at fair value | | $ | 0 | | | $ | (1,565) | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (1,565) | |
| | Financial Instruments of the Consolidated Funds | Financial Instruments of the Consolidated Funds | | Level I | | Level II | | Level III | | Total | Financial Instruments of the Consolidated Funds | | Level I | | Level II | | Level III | | Investments Measured
at NAV | | Total |
| Assets, at fair value | Assets, at fair value | | | | | | | | | Assets, at fair value | | | | | | | | | | |
| Investments: | Investments: | | Investments: | |
| Fixed income investments: | Fixed income investments: | | Fixed income investments: | |
| Bonds | Bonds | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 207,966 | | | $ | 4,410 | | | $ | 212,376 | | Bonds | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 397,485 | | | $ | 9 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 397,494 | |
| Loans | Loans | | 0 | | | 7,728,014 | | | 334,726 | | | 8,062,740 | | Loans | | 0 | | | 9,470,651 | | | 542,297 | | | — | | | 10,012,948 | |
| Investments in CLO warehouse | | 0 | | | 44,435 | | | 0 | | | 44,435 | | |
| | Total fixed income investments | Total fixed income investments | | 0 | | | 7,980,415 | | | 339,136 | | | 8,319,551 | | Total fixed income investments | | 0 | | | 9,868,136 | | | 542,306 | | | — | | | 10,410,442 | |
| Equity securities | Equity securities | | 26,396 | | | 0 | | | 85,988 | | | 112,384 | | Equity securities | | 5,749 | | | 239 | | | 221,043 | | | — | | | 227,031 | |
| Partnership interests | Partnership interests | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 296,012 | | | 296,012 | | Partnership interests | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 231,857 | | | 7,767 | | | 239,624 | |
| Total investments, at fair value | Total investments, at fair value | | 26,396 | | | 7,980,415 | | | 721,136 | | | 8,727,947 | | Total investments, at fair value | | 5,749 | | | 9,868,375 | | | 995,206 | | | 7,767 | | | 10,877,097 | |
| Derivatives: | | Derivatives: | |
| | Derivatives-foreign exchange contracts | | 0 | | | 667 | | | 0 | | | 667 | | |
| | Asset swaps-other | | Asset swaps-other | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 1,104 | | | — | | | 1,104 | |
| | Total assets, at fair value | Total assets, at fair value | | $ | 26,396 | | | $ | 7,981,082 | | | $ | 721,136 | | | $ | 8,728,614 | | Total assets, at fair value | | $ | 5,749 | | | $ | 9,868,375 | | | $ | 996,310 | | | $ | 7,767 | | | $ | 10,878,201 | |
| Liabilities, at fair value | Liabilities, at fair value | | | | | | | | | Liabilities, at fair value | | | | | | | | | | |
| Derivatives: | Derivatives: | | Derivatives: | |
| Foreign exchange contracts | | $ | 0 | | | $ | (670) | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | (670) | | |
| | Asset swaps-other | Asset swaps-other | | 0 | | | 0 | | | (4,106) | | | (4,106) | | Asset swaps-other | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | (44) | | | $ | — | | | $ | (44) | |
| Total derivative liabilities, at fair value | | 0 | | | (670) | | | (4,106) | | | (4,776) | | |
| | Loan obligations of CLOs | Loan obligations of CLOs | | 0 | | | (7,973,748) | | | 0 | | | (7,973,748) | | Loan obligations of CLOs | | 0 | | | (9,958,076) | | | 0 | | | — | | | (9,958,076) | |
| Total liabilities, at fair value | Total liabilities, at fair value | | $ | 0 | | | $ | (7,974,418) | | | $ | (4,106) | | | $ | (7,978,524) | | Total liabilities, at fair value | | $ | 0 | | | $ | (9,958,076) | | | $ | (44) | | | $ | — | | | $ | (9,958,120) | |
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
The following tables set forth a summary of changes in the fair value of the Level III measurements for the three months ended September 30, 2020:March 31, 2021:
| | | Level III Assets | | | Level III Assets | |
| Level III Assets of the Company | Level III Assets of the Company | | Equity Securities | | Fixed Income | | Partnership Interests | | Total | | Level III Assets of the Company | | Equity
Securities | | Fixed Income | | Partnership Interests | | Total | |
| Balance, beginning of period | Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 14,704 | | | $ | 67,355 | | | $ | 2,575 | | | $ | 84,634 | | | Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 88,412 | | | $ | 53,349 | | | $ | 2,575 | | | $ | 144,336 | | |
| Additions(1) | | 72,967 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 72,967 | | | |
Purchases(2) | | 0 | | | 5,983 | | | 0 | | | 5,983 | | | |
| Sales/settlements(3)(2) | Sales/settlements(3)(2) | | 0 | | | (899) | | | 0 | | | (899) | | | Sales/settlements(3)(2) | | 0 | | | (1,539) | | | 0 | | | (1,539) | | |
| Realized and unrealized appreciation (depreciation), net | | (1,746) | | | 3,175 | | | 0 | | | 1,429 | | | |
| Realized and unrealized appreciation, net | | Realized and unrealized appreciation, net | | 821 | | | 1,720 | | | 0 | | | 2,541 | | |
| Balance, end of period | Balance, end of period | | $ | 85,925 | | | $ | 75,614 | | | $ | 2,575 | | | $ | 164,114 | | | Balance, end of period | | $ | 89,233 | | | $ | 53,530 | | | $ | 2,575 | | | $ | 145,338 | | |
| Change in net unrealized appreciation/depreciation included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | | $ | (1,746) | | | $ | 3,175 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 1,429 | | | |
| Change in net unrealized appreciation included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | | Change in net unrealized appreciation included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | | $ | 821 | | | $ | 1,720 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 2,541 | | |
| | Level III Net Assets of Consolidated Funds | Level III Net Assets of Consolidated Funds | | Equity Securities | | Fixed Income | | Partnership
Interests | | Derivatives, Net | | Total | Level III Net Assets of Consolidated Funds | | Equity
Securities | | Fixed
Income | | Partnership
Interests | | Derivatives, Net | | Total |
| Balance, beginning of period | Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 42,259 | | | $ | 586,287 | | | $ | 312,636 | | | $ | 1,402 | | | $ | 942,584 | | Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 221,043 | | | $ | 542,305 | | | $ | 231,857 | | | $ | 1,060 | | | $ | 996,265 | |
| | | Transfer in | Transfer in | | 0 | | | 96,671 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 96,671 | | Transfer in | | 2,289 | | | 221,555 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 223,844 | |
| Transfer out | Transfer out | | 0 | | | (230,326) | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | (230,326) | | Transfer out | | (33) | | | (209,002) | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | (209,035) | |
Purchases(2) | | 150 | | | 118,558 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 118,708 | | |
Sales/settlements(3) | | (25) | | | (73,010) | | | (2,000) | | | 705 | | | (74,330) | | |
Purchases(1) | | Purchases(1) | | 8,308 | | | 137,655 | | | 1,000 | | | 0 | | | 146,963 | |
Sales/settlements(2) | | Sales/settlements(2) | | (424) | | | (127,350) | | | 0 | | | 185 | | | (127,589) | |
| Amortized discounts/premiums | Amortized discounts/premiums | | 0 | | | (135) | | | 0 | | | 140 | | | 5 | | Amortized discounts/premiums | | 0 | | | 770 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 770 | |
| Realized and unrealized appreciation (depreciation), net | Realized and unrealized appreciation (depreciation), net | | 828 | | | 15,836 | | | (1,402) | | | (393) | | | 14,869 | | Realized and unrealized appreciation (depreciation), net | | (549) | | | (5,553) | | | 10,595 | | | (3,346) | | | 1,147 | |
| Balance, end of period | Balance, end of period | | $ | 43,212 | | | $ | 513,881 | | | $ | 309,234 | | | $ | 1,854 | | | $ | 868,181 | | Balance, end of period | | $ | 230,634 | | | $ | 560,380 | | | $ | 243,452 | | | $ | (2,101) | | | $ | 1,032,365 | |
| Change in net unrealized appreciation/depreciation included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | Change in net unrealized appreciation/depreciation included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | | $ | 878 | | | $ | 13,690 | | | $ | (1,402) | | | $ | (604) | | | $ | 12,562 | | Change in net unrealized appreciation/depreciation included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | | $ | (582) | | | $ | (863) | | | $ | 10,594 | | | $ | (2,705) | | | $ | 6,444 | |
(1)Additions relate to the net increase from consolidation of new entities.
(2)Purchases include paid-in-kind interest and securities received in connection with restructuring.
(3)(2)Sales/settlements include distributions, principal redemptions and securities disposed of in connection with restructurings.
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
The following tables set forth a summary of changes in the fair value of the Level III measurements for the three months ended September 30, 2019:March 31, 2020:
| | | Level III Assets | | Level III Assets |
| Level III Assets of the Company | Level III Assets of the Company | | Equity Securities | | Fixed Income | | Partnership Interests | | Total | Level III Assets of the Company | | Equity
Securities | | Fixed Income | | Partnership Interests | | Total |
| Balance, beginning of period | Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 12,397 | | | $ | 64,051 | | | $ | 35,192 | | | $ | 111,640 | | Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 14,704 | | | $ | 69,183 | | | $ | 35,192 | | | $ | 119,079 | |
| | Transfer in due to changes in consolidation | | Transfer in due to changes in consolidation | | 0 | | | 3,686 | | | 0 | | | 3,686 | |
| Purchases(1) | Purchases(1) | | 0 | | | 25,010 | | | 0 | | | 25,010 | | Purchases(1) | | 0 | | | 643 | | | 0 | | | 643 | |
Sales/settlements(2) | Sales/settlements(2) | | 0 | | | (5,243) | | | 0 | | | (5,243) | | Sales/settlements(2) | | 0 | | | (402) | | | (32,430) | | | (32,832) | |
| Realized and unrealized depreciation, net | Realized and unrealized depreciation, net | | 0 | | | (1,305) | | | 0 | | | (1,305) | | Realized and unrealized depreciation, net | | 0 | | | (7,766) | | | (187) | | | (7,953) | |
| Balance, end of period | Balance, end of period | | $ | 12,397 | | | $ | 82,513 | | | $ | 35,192 | | | $ | 130,102 | | Balance, end of period | | $ | 14,704 | | | $ | 65,344 | | | $ | 2,575 | | | $ | 82,623 | |
| Change in net unrealized depreciation included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | | $ | 0 | | | $ | (1,357) | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | (1,357) | | |
| Change in net unrealized appreciation/depreciation included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | | Change in net unrealized appreciation/depreciation included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | | $ | 0 | | | $ | (6,731) | | | $ | 5,511 | | | $ | (1,220) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Level III Net Assets of Consolidated Funds | | Equity Securities | | Fixed Income | | Partnership Interests | | Derivatives, Net | | Total |
| Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 131,732 | | | $ | 274,412 | | | $ | 293,857 | | | $ | 58 | | | $ | 700,059 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Transfer in | | 0 | | | 122,554 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 122,554 | |
| Transfer out | | 0 | | | (103,148) | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | (103,148) | |
Purchases(1) | | 710 | | | 95,011 | | | 2,000 | | | 0 | | | 97,721 | |
Sales/settlements(2) | | (13,597) | | | (102,198) | | | (5,000) | | | (1,848) | | | (122,643) | |
| Amortized discounts/premiums | | 0 | | | 107 | | | 0 | | | (17) | | | 90 | |
| Realized and unrealized appreciation (depreciation), net | | (4,004) | | | (1,578) | | | 8,300 | | | (745) | | | 1,973 | |
| Balance, end of period | | $ | 114,841 | | | $ | 285,160 | | | $ | 299,157 | | | $ | (2,552) | | | $ | 696,606 | |
| Change in net unrealized appreciation/depreciation included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | | $ | (3,582) | | | $ | (765) | | | $ | 8,300 | | | $ | (1,023) | | | $ | 2,930 | |
(1)Purchases include paid-in-kind interest and securities received in connection with restructurings.
(2)Sales/settlements include distributions, principal redemptions and securities disposed of in connection with restructurings.
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
The following tables set forth a summary of changes in the fair value of the Level III measurements for the nine months ended September 30, 2020:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Level III Assets | |
| Level III Assets of the Company | | Equity Securities | | Fixed Income | | Partnership Interests | | Total | |
| Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 14,704 | | | $ | 69,183 | | | $ | 35,192 | | | $ | 119,079 | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Additions(1) | | 72,967 | | | 3,686 | | | 0 | | | 76,653 | | |
Purchases(2) | | 0 | | | 7,285 | | | 0 | | | 7,285 | | |
Sales/settlements(3) | | 0 | | | (1,587) | | | (32,430) | | | (34,017) | | |
| Realized and unrealized depreciation, net | | (1,746) | | | (2,953) | | | (187) | | | (4,886) | | |
| Balance, end of period | | $ | 85,925 | | | $ | 75,614 | | | $ | 2,575 | | | $ | 164,114 | | |
| Change in net unrealized appreciation/depreciation included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | | $ | (1,746) | | | $ | (1,917) | | | $ | 5,511 | | | $ | 1,848 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Level III Net Assets of Consolidated Funds | | Equity Securities | | Fixed Income | | Partnership
Interests | | Derivatives, Net | | Total |
| Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 85,988 | | | $ | 339,136 | | | $ | 296,012 | | | $ | (4,106) | | | $ | 717,030 | |
Additions, net(1) | | (635) | | | 392,672 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 392,037 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Transfer in | | 0 | | | 146,839 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 146,839 | |
| Transfer out | | 0 | | | (350,078) | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | (350,078) | |
Purchases(2) | | 551 | | | 256,514 | | | 64,000 | | | 0 | | | 321,065 | |
Sales/settlements(3) | | (714) | | | (249,027) | | | (58,000) | | | 813 | | | (306,928) | |
| Amortized discounts/premiums | | 0 | | | 777 | | | 0 | | | 291 | | | 1,068 | |
| Realized and unrealized appreciation (depreciation), net | | (41,978) | | | (22,952) | | | 7,222 | | | 4,856 | | | (52,852) | |
| Balance, end of period | | $ | 43,212 | | | $ | 513,881 | | | $ | 309,234 | | | $ | 1,854 | | | $ | 868,181 | |
| Change in net unrealized appreciation/depreciation included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | | $ | (41,930) | | | $ | (25,701) | | | $ | 7,222 | | | $ | 4,439 | | | $ | (55,970) | |
(1)Additions relate to the net increase from consolidation of new funds or entities. For Consolidated Funds, additions are also offset by the deconsolidation of a fund.
(2)Purchases include paid-in-kind interest and securities received in connection with restructuring.
(3)Sales/settlements include distributions, principal redemptions and securities disposed of in connection with restructurings.
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
The following tables set forth a summary of changes in the fair value of the Level III measurements for the nine months ended September 30, 2019:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Level III Assets |
| Level III Assets of the Company | | Equity Securities | | Fixed Income | | Partnership Interests | | Total |
| Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 10,397 | | | $ | 60,824 | | | $ | 35,192 | | | $ | 106,413 | |
| Deconsolidation of fund | | 0 | | | 10,021 | | | 0 | | | 10,021 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Purchases(1) | | 2,000 | | | 27,157 | | | 0 | | | 29,157 | |
Sales/settlements(2) | | 0 | | | (16,413) | | | 0 | | | (16,413) | |
| Realized and unrealized appreciation, net | | 0 | | | 924 | | | 0 | | | 924 | |
| Balance, end of period | | $ | 12,397 | | | $ | 82,513 | | | $ | 35,192 | | | $ | 130,102 | |
| Change in net unrealized appreciation included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 1,121 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 1,121 | |
| | Level III Net Assets of Consolidated Funds | Level III Net Assets of Consolidated Funds | | Equity Securities | | Fixed Income | | Partnership Interests | | Derivatives, Net | | Total | Level III Net Assets of Consolidated Funds | | Equity
Securities | | Fixed
Income | | Partnership Interests | | Derivatives, Net | | Total |
| Balance, beginning of period | Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 150,752 | | | $ | 547,958 | | | $ | 271,447 | | | $ | 680 | | | $ | 970,837 | | Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 85,988 | | | $ | 339,136 | | | $ | 296,012 | | | $ | (4,106) | | | $ | 717,030 | |
| Deconsolidation of fund | | (10,325) | | | (174,593) | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | (184,918) | | |
| Transfer in (out) due to changes in consolidation | | Transfer in (out) due to changes in consolidation | | (635) | | | 392,672 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 392,037 | |
| Transfer in | Transfer in | | 0 | | | 85,179 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 85,179 | | Transfer in | | 0 | | | 607,588 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 607,588 | |
| Transfer out | Transfer out | | 0 | | | (199,498) | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | (199,498) | | Transfer out | | 0 | | | (61,774) | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | (61,774) | |
Purchases(1) | Purchases(1) | | 11,595 | | | 282,190 | | | 10,000 | | | 0 | | | 303,785 | | Purchases(1) | | 249 | | | 355,592 | | | 8,000 | | | 0 | | | 363,841 | |
Sales/settlements(2) | Sales/settlements(2) | | (18,734) | | | (260,422) | | | (7,000) | | | (2,424) | | | (288,580) | | Sales/settlements(2) | | (351) | | | (178,159) | | | 0 | | | (1,278) | | | (179,788) | |
| Amortized discounts/premiums | Amortized discounts/premiums | | 0 | | | 17 | | | 0 | | | 4 | | | 21 | | Amortized discounts/premiums | | 0 | | | 499 | | | 0 | | | 48 | | | 547 | |
| Realized and unrealized appreciation (depreciation), net | Realized and unrealized appreciation (depreciation), net | | (18,447) | | | 4,329 | | | 24,710 | | | (812) | | | 9,780 | | Realized and unrealized appreciation (depreciation), net | | (42,499) | | | (175,998) | | | 3,013 | | | 5,356 | | | (210,128) | |
| Balance, end of period | Balance, end of period | | $ | 114,841 | | | $ | 285,160 | | | $ | 299,157 | | | $ | (2,552) | | | $ | 696,606 | | Balance, end of period | | $ | 42,752 | | | $ | 1,279,556 | | | $ | 307,025 | | | $ | 20 | | | $ | 1,629,353 | |
| Change in net unrealized appreciation/depreciation included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | Change in net unrealized appreciation/depreciation included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | | $ | (18,018) | | | $ | 1,017 | | | $ | 24,710 | | | $ | (1,031) | | | $ | 6,678 | | Change in net unrealized appreciation/depreciation included in earnings related to financial assets still held at the reporting date | | $ | (42,500) | | | $ | (170,496) | | | $ | 3,012 | | | $ | 2,874 | | | $ | (207,110) | |
(1)Purchases include paid-in-kind interest and securities received in connection with restructurings.
(2)Sales/settlements include distributions, principal redemptions and securities disposed of in connection with restructurings.
Transfers out of Level III were generally attributable to certain investments that experienced a more significant level of market activity during the period and thus were valued using observable inputs either from independent pricing services or multiple brokers. Transfers into Level III were generally attributable to certain investments that experienced a less significant level of market activity during the period and thus were only able to obtain one or fewer quotes from a broker or independent pricing service.
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
The following tables summarize the quantitative inputs and assumptions used for the Company’s and the Consolidated Funds' Level III measurements as of September 30, 2020:March 31, 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Level III Measurements of the Company | | Fair Value | | Valuation Technique(s) | | Significant Unobservable Input(s) | | Range |
Assets | | | | | | | | |
Equity securities | | $ | 14,704 | | | Transaction price(1)
| | N/A | | N/A |
| | 34,538 | | | Discounted cash flow | | Discount rates | | 14.0% - 25.0% |
| | 36,683 | | | Market approach | | Multiple of book value | | 1.5x |
Partnership interests | | 2,575 | | | Other | | N/A | | N/A |
Collateralized loan obligations | | 26,411 | | | Broker quotes and/or 3rd party pricing services | | N/A | | N/A |
Other fixed income | | 49,203 | | | Other | | N/A | | N/A |
Total | | $ | 164,114 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Level III Measurements of the Company | | Fair Value | | Valuation Technique(s) | | Significant Unobservable Input(s) | | Range | | Weighted Average |
| Assets | | | | | | | | | | |
| Equity securities | | $ | 14,704 | | | Transaction price(1) | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A |
| | 32,120 | | | Discounted Cash Flow | | Discount Rates | | 14.0% - 20.0% | | 14.4% |
| | 42,409 | | | Market Approach | | Multiple of Book Value | | 1.5x | | N/A |
| Partnership interests | | 2,575 | | | Other | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A |
| Collateralized loan obligations | | 31,947 | | | Broker quotes and/or 3rd party pricing services | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A |
| Other fixed income | | 21,583 | | | Other | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A |
| Total | | $ | 145,338 | | | | | | | | | |
| | Level III Measurements of the Consolidated Funds | Level III Measurements of the Consolidated Funds | | Fair Value | | Valuation Technique(s) | | Significant Unobservable Input(s) | | Range | | Weighted Average | Level III Measurements of the Consolidated Funds | | Fair Value | | Valuation Technique(s) | | Significant Unobservable Input(s) | | Range | | Weighted Average |
| Assets | Assets | | | | | | | | | | | Assets | | | | | | | | | | |
| Equity securities | Equity securities | | Equity securities | |
| | $ | 221 | | | Market approach | | EBITDA multiple(2) | | 3.0x - 19.4x | | 14.1x | | $ | 236 | | | Market approach | | EBITDA multiple(2) | | 1.6x - 22.2x | | 16.3x |
| | 40,848 | | | Other | | Net income multiple | | 32.5x | | 32.5x | |
| | Illiquidity discount | | 25.0% | | 25.0% | |
| | 143 | | | Broker quotes and/or 3rd party pricing services | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A | | 775 | | | Broker quotes and/or 3rd party pricing services | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A |
| | | | 2,000 | | | Transaction price(1) | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A | | | 229,623 | | | Transaction price(1) | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A |
| Partnership interest | Partnership interest | | 309,234 | | | Discounted cash flow | | Discount rate | | 15.7% | | 15.7% | Partnership interest | | 243,452 | | | Discounted cash flow | | Discount rate | | 23.8% | | 23.8% |
| Fixed income securities | Fixed income securities | | Fixed income securities | |
| | 410,781 | | | Broker quotes and/or 3rd party pricing services | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A | | 433,803 | | | Broker quotes and/or 3rd party pricing services | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A |
| | 2,043 | | | Market approach | | EBITDA multiple(2) | | 7.8x | | 7.8x | | 3,929 | | | Market approach | | EBITDA multiple(2) | | 6.5x - 7.8x | | 7.2x |
| | 96,629 | | | Income approach | | Yield | | 2.7% - 53.4% | | 7.5% | | 96,092 | | | Income approach | | Yield | | 2.7% - 37.2% | | 7.6% |
| | 4,428 | | | Transaction price(1) | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A | | 26,556 | | | Other | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A |
| Derivative instruments | | 1,857 | | | Broker quotes and/or 3rd party pricing services | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A | |
| | | Total assets | Total assets | | $ | 868,184 | | | Total assets | | $ | 1,034,466 | | |
| Liabilities | Liabilities | | | | Liabilities | | | |
| Derivatives instruments | | $ | (3) | | | Broker quotes and/or 3rd party pricing services | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A | |
| Derivative instruments | | Derivative instruments | | $ | (2,101) | | | Broker quotes and/or 3rd party pricing services | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A |
| | Total liabilities | Total liabilities | | $ | (3) | | | Total liabilities | | $ | (2,101) | | |
(1)Transaction price consists of securities recently purchased or restructured. The Company determined that there was no change to the valuation based on the underlying assumptions used at the closing of such transactions.
(2)“EBITDA” in the table above is a non-GAAP financial measure and refers to earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization.
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
The following tables summarize the quantitative inputs and assumptions used for the Company’s and the Consolidated Funds' Level III measurements as of December 31, 2019:2020:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Level III Measurements of the Company | | Fair Value | | Valuation Technique(s) | | Significant Unobservable Input(s) | | Range | | |
| Assets | | | | | | | | | | |
| Equity securities | | $ | 14,704 | | | Transaction price(1) | | N/A | | N/A | | |
| | 32,905 | | | Discounted Cash Flow | | Discount Rates | | 14.0% - 20.0% | | |
| | 40,803 | | | Market Approach | | Multiple of Book Value | | 1.6x | | |
| Partnership interests | | 32,661 | | | Transaction price(1)
| | N/A | | N/A |
| | 2,5312,575 | | | Other | | N/A | | N/A | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Collateralized loan obligations | | 22,26531,766 | | | Broker quotes and/or 3rd party pricing services | | N/A | | N/A | | |
| Other fixed income | | 46,91821,583 | | | Other | | N/A | | N/A | | |
| Total | | $ | 119,079144,336 | | | | | | | | | |
| | Level III Measurements of the Consolidated Funds | Level III Measurements of the Consolidated Funds | | Fair Value | | Valuation Technique(s) | | Significant Unobservable Input(s) | | Range | | Weighted Average | Level III Measurements of the Consolidated Funds | | Fair Value | | Valuation Technique(s) | | Significant Unobservable Input(s) | | Range | | Weighted Average |
| Assets | Assets | | | | | | | | | | | Assets | | | | | | | | | | |
| Equity securities | Equity securities | | Equity securities | |
| | | $ | 438 | | | Market approach | | EBITDA multiple(2) | | 2.9x - 19.5x | | 13.4x |
| | $ | 431 | | | Market approach | | EBITDA multiple(2) | | 8.2x - 21.3x | | 16.1x | | 32,528 | | | Other | | Net income multiple | | 30.0x | | 30.0x |
| | 40,745 | | | Other | | Net income multiple | | 36.2x | | 36.2x | | Illiquidity discount | | 25.0% | | 25.0% |
| | Illiquidity discount | | 25.0% | | 25.0% | | 33 | | | Broker quotes and/or 3rd party pricing services | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A |
| | | | 44,812 | | | Transaction price(1) | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A | | | 188,044 | | | Transaction price(1) | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A |
| Partnership interests | Partnership interests | | 296,012 | | | Discounted cash flow | | Discount rate | | 19.6% | | 19.6% | Partnership interests | | 231,857 | | | Discounted cash flow | | Discount rate | | 23.8% | | 23.8% |
| Fixed income securities | Fixed income securities | | Fixed income securities | |
| | 271,919 | | | Broker quotes and/or 3rd party pricing services | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A | | 384,419 | | | Broker quotes and/or 3rd party pricing services | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A |
| | 67,217 | | | Income approach | | Yield | | 4.8% - 14.3% | | 9.7% | | 6,605 | | | Market approach | | EBITDA multiple(2) | | 6.5x - 7.8x | | 6.9x |
| | | 122,962 | | | Income approach | | Yield | | 2.7% - 48.1% | | 7.9% |
| | | 28,320 | | | Other | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A |
| Derivative instruments | | Derivative instruments | | 1,104 | | | Broker quotes and/or 3rd party pricing services | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A |
| Total assets | Total assets | | $ | 721,136 | | | Total assets | | $ | 996,310 | | |
| Liabilities | Liabilities | | | | Liabilities | | | |
| Derivatives instruments | | $ | (4,106) | | | Broker quotes and/or 3rd party pricing services | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A | |
| Derivative instruments | | Derivative instruments | | $ | (44) | | | Broker quotes and/or 3rd party pricing services | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A |
| Total liabilities | Total liabilities | | $ | (4,106) | | | Total liabilities | | $ | (44) | | |
(1)Transaction price consists of securities purchased or restructured. The Company determined that there has been no change to the valuation based on the underlying assumptions used at the closing of such transactions.
(2)“EBITDA” in the table above is a non-GAAP financial measure and refers to earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization.
The Company has an insurance-related investment in a private fund managed by a third party that is valued using NAV per share. The terms and conditions of this fund do not allow for redemptions without certain events or approvals that are outside the Company's control. This investment had a fair value of $1.9 million and $1.6$1.2 million as of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019, respectively.2020. The Company has 0 unfunded commitments for this investment.
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
6. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
In the normal course of business, the Company and the Consolidated Funds are exposed to certain risks relating to their ongoing operations and use various types of derivative instruments primarily to mitigate against credit and foreign exchange risk. The derivative instruments are not designated as hedging instruments under the accounting standards for derivatives and hedging. The Company recognizes all of its derivative instruments at fair value as either assets or liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition within other assets or accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively. These amounts may be offset to the extent that there is a legal right to offset and if elected by management.
The following tables identify the fair value and notional amounts of derivative contracts by major product type on a gross basis for the Company and the Consolidated Funds:
| | | As of September 30, 2020 | | As of December 31, 2019 | | As of March 31, 2021 | | As of December 31, 2020 |
| | Assets | | Liabilities | | Assets | | Liabilities | | Assets | | Liabilities | | Assets | | Liabilities |
| The Company | The Company | | Notional(1) | | Fair Value | | Notional(1) | | Fair Value | | Notional(1) | | Fair Value | | Notional(1) | | Fair Value | The Company | | Notional(1) | | Fair Value | | Notional(1) | | Fair Value | | Notional(1) | | Fair Value | | Notional(1) | | Fair Value |
| Foreign exchange contracts | Foreign exchange contracts | | $ | 54,021 | | | $ | 2,760 | | | $ | 12,824 | | | $ | 284 | | | $ | 67,930 | | | $ | 4,023 | | | $ | 10,846 | | | $ | 113 | | Foreign exchange contracts | | $ | 49,594 | | | $ | 2,897 | | | $ | 23,039 | | | $ | 746 | | | $ | 30,040 | | | $ | 1,440 | | | $ | 39,362 | | | $ | 1,565 | |
Total derivatives, at fair value(2) | Total derivatives, at fair value(2) | | $ | 54,021 | | | $ | 2,760 | | | $ | 12,824 | | | $ | 284 | | | $ | 67,930 | | | $ | 4,023 | | | $ | 10,846 | | | $ | 113 | | Total derivatives, at fair value(2) | | $ | 49,594 | | | $ | 2,897 | | | $ | 23,039 | | | $ | 746 | | | $ | 30,040 | | | $ | 1,440 | | | $ | 39,362 | | | $ | 1,565 | |
| | | As of September 30, 2020 | | As of December 31, 2019 | | As of March 31, 2021 | | As of December 31, 2020 |
| | Assets | | Liabilities | | Assets | | Liabilities | | Assets | | Liabilities | | Assets | | Liabilities |
| Consolidated Funds | Consolidated Funds | | Notional(1) | | Fair Value | | Notional(1) | | Fair Value | | Notional(1) | | Fair Value | | Notional(1) | | Fair Value | Consolidated Funds | | Notional(1) | | Fair Value | | Notional(1) | | Fair Value | | Notional(1) | | Fair Value | | Notional(1) | | Fair Value |
| Foreign exchange contracts | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 667 | | | $ | 667 | | | $ | 667 | | | $ | 670 | | |
| Warrants | | Warrants | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 230,000 | | | $ | 17,500 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | |
| Asset swap - other | Asset swap - other | | 7,407 | | | 1,857 | | | 153 | | | 3 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 7,640 | | | 4,106 | | Asset swap - other | | 47,775 | | | 0 | | | 42,688 | | | 2,101 | | | 7,600 | | | 1,104 | | | 540 | | | 44 | |
Total derivatives, at fair value(3) | Total derivatives, at fair value(3) | | $ | 7,407 | | | $ | 1,857 | | | $ | 153 | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | 667 | | | $ | 667 | | | $ | 8,307 | | | $ | 4,776 | | Total derivatives, at fair value(3) | | $ | 47,775 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 272,688 | | | $ | 19,601 | | | $ | 7,600 | | | $ | 1,104 | | | $ | 540 | | | $ | 44 | |
(1)Represents the total contractual amount of derivative assets and liabilities outstanding.
(2)As of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the Company had the right to, but elected not to, offset an immaterial amount$0.7 million and $1.6 million of its derivative liabilities.
(3)As of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the Consolidated Funds offset $0.1$0.2 million and $0.1$0.4 million of their derivative assets and liabilities, respectively.
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
7. DEBT
The following table summarizes the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ debt obligations:
| | | | As of March 31, 2021 | | As of December 31, 2020 |
| | | As of September 30, 2020 | | As of December 31, 2019 | |
| | Debt Origination Date | | Maturity | | Original Borrowing Amount | | Carrying
Value | | Interest Rate | | Carrying
Value | | Interest Rate | | Debt Origination Date | | Maturity | | Original Borrowing Amount | | Carrying
Value | | Interest Rate | | Carrying
Value | | Interest Rate |
Credit Facility(1) | Credit Facility(1) | Revolver | | 3/30/2025 | | N/A | | $ | 0 | | | 0% | | $ | 70,000 | | | 3.06% | Credit Facility(1) | Revolver | | 3/31/2026 | | N/A | | $ | 168,000 | | | 3.38% | | $ | 0 | | | 0% |
2024 Senior Notes(2) | 2024 Senior Notes(2) | 10/8/2014 | | 10/8/2024 | | $ | 250,000 | | | 247,112 | | | 4.21 | | 246,609 | | | 4.21 | 2024 Senior Notes(2) | 10/8/2014 | | 10/8/2024 | | $ | 250,000 | | | 247,455 | | | 4.21 | | 247,285 | | | 4.21 |
2030 Senior Notes(3) | 2030 Senior Notes(3) | 6/15/2020 | | 6/15/2030 | | 400,000 | | | 395,553 | | | 3.28 | | 0 | | | 0 | 2030 Senior Notes(3) | 6/15/2020 | | 6/15/2030 | | 400,000 | | | 395,824 | | | 3.28 | | 395,713 | | | 3.28 |
| Total debt obligations | Total debt obligations | | $ | 642,665 | | | $ | 316,609 | | | Total debt obligations | | $ | 811,279 | | | $ | 642,998 | | |
(1)The AOG entities are borrowers under the Credit Facility, which provides a $1.065 billion revolving line of credit. It has a variable interest rate based on LIBOR or a base rate plus an applicable margin with an unused commitment fee paid quarterly, which is subject to change with the Company’s underlying credit agency rating. On March 30, 2020,31, 2021, the Company amended the Credit Facility to, among other things, extend the maturity date from March 20242025 to March 2025 and to reduce borrowing costs on the undrawn amounts.2026. As of September 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, base rate loans bear interest calculated based on the base rate plus 0.25%0.125% and the LIBOR rate loans bear interest calculated based on LIBOR plus 1.25%1.125%. The unused commitment fee is 0.13%0.10% per annum. There is a base rate and LIBOR floor of 0.0.
(2)The 2024 Senior Notes were issued in October 2014 by Ares Finance Co. LLC, an indirect subsidiary of the Company, at 98.27% of the face amount with interest paid semi-annually. The Company may redeem the 2024 Senior Notes prior to maturity, subject to the terms of the indenture governing the 2024 Notes.
(3)The 2030 Senior Notes were issued in June 2020 by Ares Finance Co. II LLC, an indirect subsidiary of the Company, at 99.77% of the face amount with interest paid semi-annually. The Company may redeem the 2030 Senior Notes prior to maturity, subject to the terms of the indenture governing the 2030 Notes.
As of September 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, the Company and its subsidiaries were in compliance with all covenants under the debt obligations.
The Company typically incurs and pays debt issuance costs when entering into a new debt obligation or when amending an existing debt agreement. Debt issuance costs related to the 2024 and 2030 Senior Notes (the “Senior Notes”) are recorded as a reduction of the corresponding debt obligation, and debt issuance costs related to the Credit Facility are included in other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. All debt issuance costs are amortized over the remaining term of the related obligation.obligation into interest expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The following table presents the activity of the Company's debt issuance costs:
| | | Credit Facility | | Senior Notes | | | Credit Facility | | Senior Notes | |
| | Unamortized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2019 | $ | 5,255 | | | $ | 1,102 | | | |
| Unamortized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2020 | | Unamortized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2020 | $ | 5,232 | | | $ | 4,283 | | |
| Debt issuance costs incurred | Debt issuance costs incurred | 1,217 | | | 3,677 | | | Debt issuance costs incurred | 1,189 | | | 0 | | |
| Amortization of debt issuance costs | Amortization of debt issuance costs | (932) | | | (297) | | | Amortization of debt issuance costs | (310) | | | (149) | | |
| | Unamortized debt issuance costs as of September 30, 2020 | $ | 5,540 | | | $ | 4,482 | | | |
| Unamortized debt issuance costs as of March 31, 2021 | | Unamortized debt issuance costs as of March 31, 2021 | $ | 6,111 | | | $ | 4,134 | | |
Loan Obligations of the Consolidated CLOs
Loan obligations of the Consolidated Funds that are CLOs (“Consolidated CLOs”) represent amounts due to holders of debt securities issued by the Consolidated CLOs. The Company measures the loan obligations of the Consolidated CLOs using the fair value of the financial assets of its Consolidated CLOs.
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
The following loan obligations were outstanding and classified as liabilities of the Consolidated CLOs:
| | | | As of March 31, 2021 | | As of December 31, 2020 |
| | | As of September 30, 2020 | | As of December 31, 2019 | |
| | Loan Obligations | | Fair Value of Loan Obligations | | Weighted
Average
Remaining Maturity
In Years | | Loan
Obligations | | Fair Value of Loan Obligations | | Weighted Average Remaining Maturity In Years | | Loan
Obligations | | Fair Value of
Loan Obligations | | Weighted
Average
Remaining Maturity
In Years | | Loan
Obligations | | Fair Value of Loan Obligations | | Weighted
Average
Remaining
Maturity
In Years |
Senior secured notes(1) | Senior secured notes(1) | $ | 9,679,210 | | | $ | 9,361,670 | | | 10.2 | | $ | 7,738,337 | | | $ | 7,700,038 | | | 11.0 | Senior secured notes(1) | $ | 9,614,038 | | | $ | 9,553,375 | | | 9.9 | | $ | 9,796,442 | | | $ | 9,665,804 | | | 10.1 |
Subordinated notes(2) | Subordinated notes(2) | 523,459 | | | 246,457 | | | 10.4 | | 449,877 | | | 273,710 | | | 11.0 | Subordinated notes(2) | 469,415 | | | 286,264 | | | 10.0 | | 482,391 | | | 292,272 | | | 10.2 |
| Total loan obligations of Consolidated CLOs | Total loan obligations of Consolidated CLOs | $ | 10,202,669 | | | $ | 9,608,127 | | | $ | 8,188,214 | | | $ | 7,973,748 | | | Total loan obligations of Consolidated CLOs | $ | 10,083,453 | | | $ | 9,839,639 | | | $ | 10,278,833 | | | $ | 9,958,076 | | |
(1)Original borrowings under the senior secured notes totaled $9.7$9.6 billion, with various maturity dates ranging from July 2028 to October 2032.2033. The weighted average interest rate as of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 was 1.88%1.89%.
(2)Original borrowings under the subordinated notes totaled $523.5$469.4 million, with various maturity dates ranging from July 2028 to October 2032.2033. The notes do not have contractual interest rates,rates; instead, holders of the notes receive distributions from the excess cash flows generated by each Consolidated CLO.
Loan obligations of the Consolidated CLOs are collateralized by the assets held by the Consolidated CLOs, consisting of cash and cash equivalents, corporate loans, corporate bonds and other securities. The assets of one Consolidated CLO may not be used to satisfy the liabilities of another Consolidated CLO. Loan obligations of the Consolidated CLOs include floating rate notes, deferrable floating rate notes, revolving lines of credit and subordinated notes. Amounts borrowed under the notes are repaid based on available cash flows subject to priority of payments under each Consolidated CLO’s governing documents. Based on the terms of these facilities, the creditors of the facilities have no recourse to the Company.
Credit Facilities of the Consolidated Funds
Certain Consolidated Funds maintain credit facilities to fund investments between capital drawdowns. These facilities generally are collateralized by the unfunded capital commitments of the Consolidated Funds’ limited partners, bear an annual commitment fee based on unfunded commitments and contain various affirmative and negative covenants and reporting obligations, including restrictions on additional indebtedness, liens, margin stock, affiliate transactions, dividends and distributions, release of capital commitments and portfolio asset dispositions. The creditors of these facilities have no recourse to the Company and only have recourse to a subsidiary of the Company to the extent the debt is guaranteed by such subsidiary. As of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the Consolidated Funds were in compliance with all covenants under such credit facilities.
The Consolidated Funds had the following revolving bank credit facilities and term loan outstanding:
| | | | As of March 31, 2021 | | As of December 31, 2020 | |
| | | As of September 30, 2020 | | As of December 31, 2019 | | |
| Consolidated Funds' Debt Facilities | Consolidated Funds' Debt Facilities | | Maturity Date | | Total Capacity | | Outstanding Loan(1) | | Effective Rate | | Outstanding Loan(1) | | Effective Rate | | Consolidated Funds' Debt Facilities | | Maturity Date | | Total Capacity | | Outstanding Loan(1) | | Effective Rate | | Outstanding Loan(1) | | Effective Rate | |
| Credit Facilities: | Credit Facilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Credit Facilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 3/5/2021 | | $ | 71,500 | | | $ | 71,500 | | | 1.59% | | $ | 71,500 | | | 3.14% | | | 3/4/2022 | | $ | 71,500 | | | $ | 71,500 | | | 1.59% | | $ | 71,500 | | | 1.59% | |
| | 6/30/2021 | | 117,195 | | | 67,324 | | | 1.00 | (2) | | 0 | | | N/A | (2) | | 1/1/2023 | | 18,000 | | | 17,909 | | | 1.69 | | 17,909 | | | 1.75 | |
| | 1/1/2023 | | 18,000 | | | 17,909 | | | 1.77 | | 17,550 | | | 3.44 | | | 10/14/2021 | | 75,000 | | | 21,000 | | | 2.70 | | 32,500 | | | 2.75 | |
| 7/15/2028 | | 75,000 | | | 6,000 | | | 2.72 | | 17,000 | | | 4.75 | | |
| Revolving Term Loan | | 2/9/2022(3) | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | 1,194 | | | 7.70 | | |
| Total borrowings of Consolidated Funds | Total borrowings of Consolidated Funds | | $ | 162,733 | | | $ | 107,244 | | | Total borrowings of Consolidated Funds | | $ | 110,409 | | | $ | 121,909 | | |
(1)The fair values of the borrowings approximate the carrying value as the interest rate on the borrowings is a floating rate.
(2)The effective rate is based on the three month EURIBOR or 0, whichever is higher, plus a spread of 1.00%.
(3)
On July 15, 2020, the revolving term loan was terminated at the Consolidated Fund's discretion.
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
8. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Indemnification Arrangements
Consistent with standard business practices in the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts that contain indemnities for affiliates of the Company, persons acting on behalf of the Company or such affiliates and third parties. The terms of the indemnities vary from contract to contract and the Company’s maximum exposure under these arrangements cannot be determined and has not been recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. As of September 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, the Company has not had prior claims or losses pursuant to these contracts and expects the risk of loss to be remote.
Commitments
As of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the Company had aggregate unfunded commitments to invest in funds it manages or to support certain strategic initiatives of $706.4$759.7 million and $387.4$784.2 million, respectively.
Performance Income
Performance income is affected by changes in the fair values of the underlying investments in the funds that we advise. Valuations, on an unrealized basis, can be significantly affected by a variety of external factors including, but not limited to, public equity market volatility, industry trading multiples and interest rates. Generally, if at the termination of a fund (and increasingly at interim points in the life of a fund), the fund has not achieved investment returns that (in most cases) exceed the preferred return threshold or (in all cases) the general partner receives net profits over the life of the fund in excess of its allocable share under the applicable partnership agreement, the Company will be obligated to repay carried interest that was received by the Company in excess of the amounts to which the Company is entitled. This contingent obligation is normally reduced by income taxes paid by the Company related to its carried interest.
Senior professionals of the Company who have received carried interest distributions are responsible for funding their proportionate share of any contingent repayment obligations. However, the governing agreements of certain of the Company's funds provide that if a current or former professional does not fund his or her respective share for such fund, then the Company may have to fund additional amounts beyond what was received in carried interest, although the Company will generally retain the right to pursue any remedies under such governing agreements against those carried interest recipients who fail to fund their obligations.
Additionally, at the end of the life of the funds there could be a payment due to a fund by the Company if the Company has recognized more performance income than was ultimately earned. The general partner obligation amount, if any, will depend on final realized values of investments at the end of the life of the fund.
At September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, if the Company assumed all existing investments were worthless, the amount of performance income subject to potential repayment, net of tax distributions, which may differ from the recognition of revenue, would have been approximately $294.0$303.2 million and $233.4$326.4 million, respectively, of which approximately $226.8$235.9 million and $175.1$252.4 million, respectively, is reimbursable to the Company by certain professionals who are the recipients of such performance income. Management believes the possibility of all of the investments becoming worthless is remote. As of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, if the funds were liquidated at their fair values, there would be 0 contingent repayment obligation or liability.
Litigation
From time to time, the Company is named as a defendant in legal actions relating to transactions conducted in the ordinary course of business. Although there can be no assurance of the outcome of such legal actions, in the opinion of
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
management, the Company does not have a potential liability related to any current legal proceeding or claim that would individually or in the aggregate materially affect its results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
Leases
The Company leases office space and certain office equipment. The Company's leases have remaining lease terms of one to 10nine years. The tables below present certain supplemental quantitative disclosures regarding the Company's leases:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | As of March 31, | | As of December 31, |
| | As of September 30, | | As of December 31, | |
| | Classification | | 2020 | | 2019 | | Classification | | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Operating lease assets | Operating lease assets | | Right-of-use operating lease assets | | $ | 136,392 | | | $ | 143,406 | | Operating lease assets | | Right-of-use operating lease assets | | $ | 157,908 | | | $ | 154,742 | |
| Finance lease assets | Finance lease assets | | Other assets(1) | | 1,508 | | | 1,787 | | Finance lease assets | | Other assets(1) | | 1,260 | | | 1,386 | |
| Total lease assets | Total lease assets | | $ | 137,900 | | | $ | 145,193 | | Total lease assets | | $ | 159,168 | | | $ | 156,128 | |
| | Operating lease liabilities | Operating lease liabilities | | Operating lease liabilities | | $ | 161,737 | | | $ | 168,817 | | Operating lease liabilities | | Operating lease liabilities | | $ | 186,594 | | | $ | 180,236 | |
| Finance lease obligations | Finance lease obligations | | Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | | 1,306 | | | 1,651 | | Finance lease obligations | | Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | | 912 | | | 1,273 | |
| Total lease liabilities | Total lease liabilities | | $ | 163,043 | | | $ | 170,468 | | Total lease liabilities | | $ | 187,506 | | | $ | 181,509 | |
(1) Finance lease assets are recorded net of accumulated amortization of $0.9$1.1 million and $0.6$1.0 million as of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Three months ended September 30, | | Nine months ended September 30, | | |
| | Classification | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | |
| Operating lease expense | | General, administrative and other expenses | | $ | 7,701 | | | $ | 7,314 | | | $ | 23,138 | | | $ | 21,463 | | | |
| Finance lease expense: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Amortization of finance lease assets | | General, administrative and other expenses | | 127 | | | 89 | | | 346 | | | 194 | | | |
| Interest on finance lease liabilities | | Interest expense | | 11 | | | 9 | | | 33 | | | 30 | | | |
| Total lease expense | | | | $ | 7,839 | | | $ | 7,412 | | | $ | 23,517 | | | $ | 21,687 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Other information | | Nine months ended September 30, 2020 | | Nine months ended September 30, 2019 |
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: | | | | |
| Operating cash flows for operating leases | | $ | 23,098 | | | $ | 23,273 | |
| Operating cash flows for finance leases | | 48 | | | 54 | |
| Financing cash flows for finance leases | | 412 | | | 283 | |
| Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities | | 0 | | | 128 | |
| Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities | | 12,477 | | | 49,833 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of September 30, | | As of December 31, |
| Lease term and discount rate | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Weighted-average remaining lease terms (in years): | | | | |
| Operating leases | | 5.9 | | 6.5 |
| Finance leases | | 2.9 | | 3.3 |
| Weighted-average discount rate: | | | | |
| Operating leases | | 3.97 | % | | 4.00 | % |
| Finance leases | | 3.26 | % | | 3.39 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Maturity of lease liabilities | | Operating Leases | | Finance Leases |
| 2021 | | $ | 27,311 | | | $ | 150 | |
| 2022 | | 39,825 | | | 485 | |
| 2023 | | 35,795 | | | 158 | |
| 2024 | | 32,844 | | | 156 | |
| 2025 | | 31,717 | | | 6 | |
| After 2025 | | 38,665 | | | 0 | |
| Total future payments | | 206,157 | | | 955 | |
| Less: interest | | 19,563 | | | 43 | |
| Total lease liabilities | | $ | 186,594 | | | $ | 912 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Three months ended March 31, |
| | Classification | | | | | | 2021 | | 2020 | | |
| Operating lease expense | | General, administrative and other expenses | | | | | | $ | 8,493 | | | $ | 7,632 | | | |
| Finance lease expense: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Amortization of finance lease assets | | General, administrative and other expenses | | | | | | 126 | | | 94 | | | |
| Interest on finance lease liabilities | | Interest expense | | | | | | 10 | | | 11 | | | |
| Total lease expense | | | | | | | | $ | 8,629 | | | $ | 7,737 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended March 31, |
| Other information | | 2021 | | 2020 |
| | | | |
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: | | | | |
| Operating cash flows for operating leases | | $ | 8,419 | | | $ | 8,178 | |
| Operating cash flows for finance leases | | 25 | | | 6 | |
| Financing cash flows for finance leases | | 341 | | | 36 | |
| | | | |
| Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities | | 13,374 | | | 8,744 | |
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Maturity of lease liabilities | | Operating Leases | | Finance Leases |
| 2020 | | $ | 8,647 | | | $ | 45 | |
| 2021 | | 31,044 | | | 518 | |
| 2022 | | 31,925 | | | 485 | |
| 2023 | | 28,549 | | | 158 | |
| 2024 | | 25,593 | | | 156 | |
| After 2024 | | 55,850 | | | 8 | |
| Total future payments | | 181,608 | | | 1,370 | |
| Less: interest | | 19,871 | | | 64 | |
| Total lease liabilities | | $ | 161,737 | | | $ | 1,306 | |
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of March 31, | | As of December 31, |
| | |
| Lease term and discount rate | | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Weighted-average remaining lease terms (in years): | | | | |
| Operating leases | | 5.7 | | 6.0 |
| Finance leases | | 2.7 | | 2.6 |
| Weighted-average discount rate: | | | | |
| Operating leases | | 3.43 | % | | 3.59 | % |
| Finance leases | | 3.21 | % | | 3.26 | % |
9. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is earned from its affiliates, including management fees, carried interest allocation, incentive fees, principal investment income and administrative expense reimbursements. The related accounts receivable are included within due from affiliates within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, except that accrued carried interest allocations, and incentive fees receivable, which areis predominantly due from affiliated funds, areis presented separately within investments and other assets, respectively, withinin the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
The Company has investment management agreements with the Ares Funds that it manages. In accordance with these agreements, these Ares Funds may bear certain operating costs and expenses which are initially paid by the Company and subsequently reimbursed by the Ares Funds.
The Company also has entered into agreements to be reimbursed for its expenses incurred for providing administrative services to certain related parties, including AAC, ARCC, ACRE, ARDC, Ivy Hill Asset Management, L.P., ACF FinCo I L.P. and CION Ares Diversified Credit Fund.
Employees and other related parties may be permitted to participate in co-investment vehicles that generally invest in Ares funds alongside fund investors. Participation is limited by law to individuals who qualify under applicable securities laws. These co-investment vehicles generally do not require these individuals to pay management or performance income.
Performance income the Company earns from the funds can be distributed to professionals or their related entities on a current basis, subject, in the case of carried interest programs, to repayment by the subsidiary of the Company that acts as general partner of the relevant fund in the event that certain specified return thresholds are not ultimately achieved. The professionals have personally guaranteed, subject to certain limitations, the obligations of these subsidiaries in respect of this general partner obligation. Such guarantees are several, and not joint, and are limited to distributions received by the relevant recipient.
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
The Company considers its professionals and non-consolidated funds to be affiliates. Amounts due from and to affiliates were composed of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | As of March 31, | | As of December 31, |
| | | As of September 30, | | As of December 31, | |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Due from affiliates: | Due from affiliates: | | | | Due from affiliates: | | | |
| Management fees receivable from non-consolidated funds | Management fees receivable from non-consolidated funds | $ | 257,029 | | | $ | 203,554 | | Management fees receivable from non-consolidated funds | $ | 244,018 | | | $ | 308,581 | |
| Incentive fee receivable from non-consolidated funds | | Incentive fee receivable from non-consolidated funds | 17,214 | | | 21,495 | |
| Payments made on behalf of and amounts due from non-consolidated funds and employees | Payments made on behalf of and amounts due from non-consolidated funds and employees | 71,030 | | | 64,545 | | Payments made on behalf of and amounts due from non-consolidated funds and employees | 74,218 | | | 75,811 | |
| Due from affiliates—Company | Due from affiliates—Company | $ | 328,059 | | | $ | 268,099 | | Due from affiliates—Company | $ | 335,450 | | | $ | 405,887 | |
| Amounts due from portfolio companies and non-consolidated funds | Amounts due from portfolio companies and non-consolidated funds | $ | 8,684 | | | $ | 6,192 | | Amounts due from portfolio companies and non-consolidated funds | $ | 16,240 | | | $ | 17,172 | |
| Due from affiliates—Consolidated Funds | Due from affiliates—Consolidated Funds | $ | 8,684 | | | $ | 6,192 | | Due from affiliates—Consolidated Funds | $ | 16,240 | | | $ | 17,172 | |
| Due to affiliates: | Due to affiliates: | | | | Due to affiliates: | | | |
| Management fee rebate payable to non-consolidated funds | $ | 1,725 | | | $ | 2,420 | | |
| Management fees received in advance | 6,291 | | | 3,012 | | |
| Management fee received in advance and rebates payable to non-consolidated funds | | Management fee received in advance and rebates payable to non-consolidated funds | $ | 3,280 | | | $ | 4,808 | |
| | Tax receivable agreement liability | Tax receivable agreement liability | 36,443 | | | 26,542 | | Tax receivable agreement liability | 61,125 | | | 62,505 | |
| Undistributed carried interest and incentive fees | Undistributed carried interest and incentive fees | 4,369 | | | 28,086 | | Undistributed carried interest and incentive fees | 7,933 | | | 27,322 | |
| Payments made by non-consolidated funds on behalf of and payable by the Company | Payments made by non-consolidated funds on behalf of and payable by the Company | 15,025 | | | 11,385 | | Payments made by non-consolidated funds on behalf of and payable by the Company | 5,479 | | | 5,551 | |
| Due to affiliates—Company | Due to affiliates—Company | $ | 63,853 | | | $ | 71,445 | | Due to affiliates—Company | $ | 77,817 | | | $ | 100,186 | |
| | Amounts due to portfolio companies and non-consolidated funds | | Amounts due to portfolio companies and non-consolidated funds | $ | 622 | | | $ | 0 | |
| Due to affiliates—Consolidated Funds | | Due to affiliates—Consolidated Funds | $ | 622 | | | $ | 0 | |
Due from Ares Funds and Portfolio Companies
In the normal course of business, the Company pays certain expenses on behalf of Consolidated Funds and non-consolidated funds for which it is reimbursed. Amounts advanced on behalf of Consolidated Funds are eliminated in consolidation. Certain expenses initially paid by the Company, primarily professional services, travel and other costs associated with particular portfolio company holdings, are subject to reimbursement by the portfolio companies.
ARCC Fee Waiver
In conjunction with ARCC's acquisition of American Capital, Ltd., the Company agreed to waive up to $10.0 million per quarter of ARCC's Part I Fees for ten calendar quarters, which began with the second quarter of 2017 and ended with the third quarter of 2019. ARCC Part I Fees are reported net of the fee waiver. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company waived $10.0 million and $30.0 million, respectively.
10. INCOME TAXES
The Company’s income tax provision includes corporate income taxes and other entity level income taxes, as well as income taxes incurred by certain affiliated funds that are consolidated in these financial statements. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, March 31, 2021,the Company recorded income tax expense of $18.3 million and $22.1 million, respectively.$25.8 million. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019,March 31, 2020, the Company recorded income tax expensebenefit of $11.7 million and $35.6$20.6 million, respectively.
The Company’s effective income tax rate is dependent on many factors, including the estimated nature and amounts of income and expenses allocated to the non-controlling interests without being subject to federal, state and local income taxes at the corporate level. Additionally, the Company’s effective tax rate is influenced by the amount of income tax provision recorded for any affiliated funds and co-investment entities that are consolidated in the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements. For the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, the Company recorded its interim income tax provision utilizing the estimated annual effective tax rate.
The income tax effects of temporary differences give rise to significant portions of deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are presented on a net basis. As of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the Company recorded a net deferred tax asset of $59.8$46.0 million and $46.4$70.0 million, respectively, within other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
The Company files its tax returns as prescribed by the tax laws of the jurisdictions in which it operates. In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to examination by U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax authorities. With limited
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to income tax audits by taxing authorities for any years prior to 2016.2017. Although the outcome of tax audits is always uncertain, the Company does not believe the outcome of any future audit will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
11. EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share of Class A common stock is computed by using the two-class method. Diluted earnings per share of Class A common stock is computed using the more dilutive method of either the two-class method or the treasury stock method.
For the ninethree months ended September 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, the two-classtreasury stock method was the more dilutive method. For the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2020, and the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the treasury stocktwo-class method was the more dilutive method.
The computation of diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2021 excludes the following AOG Units, as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. For the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2020, and 2019, the computation of dilutive earnings per share excludes the following options, restricted units and AOG Units as their effect would have been anti-dilutive:represent the securities not included in the two-class method:
| | | Three months ended September 30, | | Nine months ended September 30, | | | Three months ended March 31, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | | | 2021 | | 2020 | |
| | Options | | Options | | 0 | | | 12,859,532 | | |
| Restricted units | Restricted units | 572 | | | 40 | | | 0 | | | 53 | | | Restricted units | | 0 | | | 16,377,716 | | |
| AOG Units | AOG Units | 114,726,173 | | | 116,707,849 | | | 0 | | | 116,844,099 | | | AOG Units | | 112,353,043 | | | 116,328,089 | | |
|
The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share:
| | | Three months ended September 30, | | Nine months ended September 30, | | | | Three months ended March 31, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | | | 2021 | | 2020 | |
| Basic earnings per share of Class A common stock: | Basic earnings per share of Class A common stock: | | | | | | | | | Basic earnings per share of Class A common stock: | | | | | |
| Net income attributable to Ares Management Corporation Class A common stockholders | $ | 42,120 | | | $ | 27,906 | | | $ | 56,605 | | | $ | 94,144 | | | |
| Net income (loss) attributable to Ares Management Corporation Class A common stockholders | | Net income (loss) attributable to Ares Management Corporation Class A common stockholders | | $ | 52,953 | | | $ | (36,461) | | |
| Distributions on unvested restricted units | Distributions on unvested restricted units | (2,757) | | | (1,927) | | | (7,715) | | | (5,630) | | | Distributions on unvested restricted units | | (3,255) | | | (2,290) | | |
| | Net income available to Class A common stockholders | $ | 39,363 | | | $ | 25,979 | | | $ | 48,890 | | | $ | 88,514 | | | |
| Net income (loss) available to Class A common stockholders | | Net income (loss) available to Class A common stockholders | | $ | 49,698 | | | $ | (38,751) | | |
| Basic weighted-average shares of Class A common stock | Basic weighted-average shares of Class A common stock | 143,466,209 | | | 108,481,929 | | | 131,866,471 | | | 105,546,219 | | | Basic weighted-average shares of Class A common stock | | 149,271,822 | | | 118,366,539 | | |
| Basic earnings per share of Class A common stock | $ | 0.27 | | | $ | 0.24 | | | $ | 0.37 | | | $ | 0.84 | | | |
| Basic earnings (loss) per share of Class A common stock | | Basic earnings (loss) per share of Class A common stock | | $ | 0.33 | | | $ | (0.33) | | |
| | Diluted earnings per share of Class A common stock: | Diluted earnings per share of Class A common stock: | | | Diluted earnings per share of Class A common stock: | | | |
| Net income available to Class A common stockholders | $ | 42,120 | | | $ | 27,906 | | | $ | 56,605 | | | $ | 94,144 | | | |
| Distributions on unvested restricted units | 0 | | | 0 | | | (7,715) | | | 0 | | | |
| Net income attributable to Ares Management Corporation Class A common stockholders | $ | 42,120 | | | $ | 27,906 | | | $ | 48,890 | | | $ | 94,144 | | | |
| Net income (loss) available to Class A common stockholders | | Net income (loss) available to Class A common stockholders | | $ | 52,953 | | | $ | (36,461) | | |
| | Net income (loss) attributable to Ares Management Corporation Class A common stockholders | | Net income (loss) attributable to Ares Management Corporation Class A common stockholders | | $ | 52,953 | | | $ | (36,461) | | |
| Effect of dilutive shares: | Effect of dilutive shares: | | | | | | | | | Effect of dilutive shares: | | | | | |
| Restricted units | Restricted units | 9,762,645 | | | 8,722,690 | | | 0 | | | 7,140,271 | | | Restricted units | | 9,218,424 | | | 0 | | |
| Options | Options | 4,893,709 | | | 4,685,403 | | | 0 | | | 3,731,646 | | | Options | | 5,174,138 | | | 0 | | |
| | Diluted weighted-average shares of Class A common stock | Diluted weighted-average shares of Class A common stock | 158,122,563 | | | 121,890,022 | | | 131,866,471 | | | 116,418,136 | | | Diluted weighted-average shares of Class A common stock | | 163,664,384 | | | 118,366,539 | | |
| Diluted earnings per share of Class A common stock | $ | 0.27 | | | $ | 0.23 | | | $ | 0.37 | | | $ | 0.81 | | | |
| Diluted earnings (loss) per share of Class A common stock | | Diluted earnings (loss) per share of Class A common stock | | $ | 0.32 | | | $ | (0.33) | | |
| | Dividend declared and paid per Class A common stock | Dividend declared and paid per Class A common stock | $ | 0.40 | | | $ | 0.32 | | | $ | 1.20 | | | $ | 0.96 | | | Dividend declared and paid per Class A common stock | | $ | 0.47 | | | $ | 0.40 | | |
12. EQUITY COMPENSATION
Equity Incentive Plan
Equity-based compensation is granted under the Company's 2014 Equity Incentive Plan most recently(as amended, on November 26, 2018 (thethe "Equity Incentive Plan"). The total number of shares available to be issued under the Equity Incentive Plan resets based on a formula defined in the Equity Incentive Plan and may increase on January 1 of each year. On January 1, 2021, the total number of shares available for issuance under the Equity Incentive Plan reset to 44,510,451 shares, and as of March 31, 2021, 40,639,397 shares remain available for issuance.
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
2020, the total number of shares available for issuance under the Equity Incentive Plan reset to 37,528,029 shares, and as of September 30, 2020, 34,055,707 shares remain available for issuance.
Generally, unvested restricted units and options are forfeited upon termination of employment in accordance with the Equity Incentive Plan. The Company recognizes forfeitures as a reversal of previously recognized compensation expense in the period the forfeiture occurs.
Equity-based compensation expense, net of forfeitures, recorded by the Company is included in the following table:
| | | Three months ended September 30, | | Nine months ended September 30, | | | | Three months ended March 31, | |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | | | 2021 | | 2020 | |
| Restricted units | Restricted units | $ | 30,036 | | | $ | 21,430 | | | $ | 86,804 | | | $ | 66,226 | | | Restricted units | | $ | 44,087 | | | $ | 28,381 | | |
| Restricted units with a market condition | Restricted units with a market condition | 300 | | | 911 | | | 4,729 | | | 2,702 | | | Restricted units with a market condition | | 11,562 | | | 4,133 | | |
| Options | Options | 0 | | | 52 | | | 43 | | | 4,310 | | | Options | | 0 | | | 43 | | |
| Phantom shares | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 736 | | | |
| | Equity-based compensation expense | Equity-based compensation expense | $ | 30,336 | | | $ | 22,393 | | | $ | 91,576 | | | $ | 73,974 | | | Equity-based compensation expense | | $ | 55,649 | | | $ | 32,557 | | |
Restricted Units
Each restricted unit represents an unfunded, unsecured right of the holder to receive a share of the Company's Class A common stock on a specific date. The restricted units generally vest and are settled in shares of Class A common stock either (i) at a rate of one-third per year, beginning on the third anniversary of the grant date, (ii) in their entirety on the fifth anniversary of the grant date, (iii) at a rate of one quarter per year, beginning on either the first or second anniversary of the grant date or the holder's employment commencement date, or (iv) at a rate of one third per year, beginning on the first anniversary of the grant date in each case generally subject to the holder’s continued employment as of the applicable vesting date (subject to accelerated vesting upon certain qualifying terminations of employment or retirement eligibility provisions). Compensation expense associated with restricted units is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award.
Restricted units are delivered net of the holder's payroll related taxes upon vesting. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, 4.2 million restricted units vested and 2.4 million shares of Class A common stock were delivered to the holders. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, 4.6 million restricted units vested and 2.6 million shares of Class A common stock were delivered to the holders.
The holders of restricted units, other than awards that have not yet been issued as described in the market condition awards described below,subsequent sections, generally have the right to receive as current compensation an amount in cash equal to (i) the amount of any dividend paid with respect to a share of Class A common stock multiplied by (ii) the number of restricted units held at the time such dividends are declared (“Dividend Equivalent”). During the ninethree months ended September 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, the Company declared dividends of $0.40$0.47 per share to Class A common stockholders at the close of business on March 17, 2020, June 16, 2020 and September 16, 2020.2021. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, Dividend Equivalents were made to the holders of restricted units in the aggregate amount of $6.5$7.5 million, and $19.5 million, respectively, which are presented as dividends within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity. When units are forfeited, the cumulative amount of dividend equivalentsDividend Equivalents previously paid is reclassified to compensation and benefits expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
During the first quarter of 2021, in addition to grants awarded in 2021, the Company approved the future grant of restricted units to certain senior executives in each of 2022, 2023 and 2024, subject to the holder’s continued employment and acceleration in certain instances. The vesting period of these awards are at a rate of 25% per year, beginning on the second anniversary of the grant date. Given that these future restricted units have been communicated to the recipient, the Company accounts for these awards as if they have been granted and recognizes the compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the service period. The restricted units that have been approved and communicated but not yet granted are not eligible to receive a Dividend Equivalent until the grant date.
The following table presents unvested restricted units' activity:
| | | | Restricted Units | | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Unit | | | Restricted Units | | Weighted Average
Grant Date Fair
Value Per Unit | |
| Balance - January 1, 2020 | 16,810,473 | | | $ | 20.07 | | | |
| Balance - January 1, 2021 | | Balance - January 1, 2021 | 16,299,664 | | | $ | 24.30 | | |
| Granted | Granted | 3,716,355 | | | 36.52 | | | Granted | 9,012,823 | | | 45.63 | | |
| Vested | Vested | (3,990,212) | | | 19.45 | | | Vested | (4,191,773) | | | 21.85 | | |
| Forfeited | Forfeited | (220,421) | | | 23.24 | | | Forfeited | (4,269) | | | 50.75 | | |
| Balance - September 30, 2020 | 16,316,195 | | | $ | 23.97 | | | |
| Balance - March 31, 2021 | | Balance - March 31, 2021 | 21,116,445 | | | $ | 33.80 | | |
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
The total compensation expense expected to be recognized in all future periods associated with the restricted units is approximately $247.7$593.8 million as of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average period of 2.94.3 years.
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
Performance-Based Restricted Unit Awards with a Market Condition
During the first quarter of 2021, the Company granted certain restricted units with a vesting condition contingent upon the volume-weighted, average closing price of the Company’s Class A common stock meeting or exceeding a stated price for 30 consecutive calendar days on or prior to January 22, 2029, referred to as the market condition. 537,500 restricted units with a market condition of $55.00 per share (“Tranche I”), 537,500 restricted units with a market condition of $60.00 per share (“Tranche II”), 537,500 restricted units with a market condition of $65.00 per share (“Tranche III”) and 537,500 restricted units with a market condition of $75.00 per share (“Tranche IV”) were granted. Vesting is also generally subject to continued employment at the time such market condition is achieved, subject to certain exceptions upon certain qualifying terminations of employment. Under the terms of the awards, if the target price of the applicable market condition is not achieved by the close of business on January 22, 2029, the unvested market condition awards will be automatically canceled and forfeited for no consideration. Restricted units subject to a market condition are not eligible to receive a Dividend Equivalent.
The grant date fair values for Tranche I, Tranche II, Tranche III and Tranche IV awards were $37.28, $34.47, $31.92 and $27.75 per unit, respectively, based on a probability distributed Monte-Carlo simulation. Due to the existence of the market condition, the vesting period for the awards is not explicit, and as such, compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the median vesting period derived from the positive iterations of the Monte Carlo simulation where the market condition was achieved. The median vesting period is 0.7 years, 1.2 years, 1.6 years and 2.3 years for Tranche I, Tranche II, Tranche III and Tranche IV, respectively.
Below is a summary of the significant assumptions used to estimate the grant date fair value of market condition awards:
| | | | | | | | |
| Closing price of the Company's common shares as of valuation date | | $45.76 |
| Risk-free interest rate | | 0.88% |
| Volatility | | 35.0% |
| Dividend yield | | 3.5% |
| Cost of equity | | 10.0% |
The following table presents the unvested market condition awards' activity:
| | | | Market Condition Awards Units | | Weighted Average
Grant Date Fair
Value Per Unit | | Market Condition Awards Units | | Weighted Average
Grant Date Fair
Value Per Unit |
| Balance - January 1, 2020 | 1,333,334 | | | $ | 9.30 | | |
| Balance - January 1, 2021 | | Balance - January 1, 2021 | 0 | | | $ | 0 | |
| Granted | Granted | 0 | | | 0 | | Granted | 2,150,000 | | | 32.86 | |
| Vested | Vested | (666,667) | | | 10.92 | | Vested | 0 | | | 0 | |
| Forfeited | Forfeited | 0 | | | 0 | | Forfeited | 0 | | | 0 | |
| Balance - September 30, 2020 | 666,667 | | | $ | 7.68 | | |
| Balance - March 31, 2021 | | Balance - March 31, 2021 | 2,150,000 | | | $ | 32.86 | |
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the market-priced vesting condition was met for one of the tranches of the market condition awards and compensation expense of $3.7 million was accelerated. The total compensation expense expected to be recognized in all future periods associated with the market condition awards is approximately $2.5$59.1 million as of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average period of 2.137.81 years.
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
Options
A summary of options activity during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 is presented below:
| | | | Options | | Weighted Average Exercise Price | | Weighted Average Remaining Life (in years) | | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | | Options | | Weighted Average Exercise Price | | Weighted Average
Remaining Life
(in years) | | Aggregate Intrinsic Value |
| Balance - January 1, 2020 | 13,426,870 | | | $ | 18.99 | | | 4.3 | | $ | 224,260 | | |
| Balance - January 1, 2021 | | Balance - January 1, 2021 | 8,312,203 | | | $ | 18.99 | | | 3.4 | | $ | 233,251 | |
| Granted | Granted | 0 | | | 0 | | | — | | | — | | Granted | 0 | | | 0 | | | — | | | — | |
| Exercised | Exercised | (4,382,165) | | | 18.98 | | | — | | | — | | Exercised | 0 | | | 0 | | | — | | | — | |
| Expired | Expired | 0 | | | 0 | | | — | | | — | | Expired | 0 | | | 0 | | | — | | | — | |
| Forfeited | Forfeited | 0 | | | 0 | | | — | | | — | | Forfeited | 0 | | | 0 | | | — | | | — | |
| Balance - September 30, 2020 | 9,044,705 | | | $ | 18.99 | | | 3.6 | | $ | 193,831 | | |
| Exercisable at September 30, 2020 | 9,044,705 | | | $ | 18.99 | | | 3.6 | | $ | 193,831 | | |
| Balance - March 31, 2021 | | Balance - March 31, 2021 | 8,312,203 | | | 18.99 | | | 3.1 | | $ | 307,895 | |
| Exercisable at March 31, 2021 | | Exercisable at March 31, 2021 | 8,312,203 | | | $ | 18.99 | | | 3.1 | | $ | 307,895 | |
Net cash proceeds from exercises of stock options were $83.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The Company realized tax benefits of approximately $10.5 million from those exercises.
13. EQUITY AND REDEEMABLE INTEREST
Common Stock
The Company's common stock consists of Class A, Class B, Class C and non-voting common stock, each $0.01 par value per share. The Class B common stock and Class C common stock are non-economic and holders are not entitled to dividends from the Company or to receive any assets of the Company in the event of any dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the Company. Ares Management GP LLC is the sole holder of the Class B common stock and Ares Voting LLC (“Ares Voting”) is the sole holder of the Class C common stock.
In February 2019,2021, the Company's board of directors authorized the renewal of the stock repurchase program that allows for the repurchase of up to $150 million of shares of Class A common stock. Under this stock repurchasethe program, shares may be repurchased from time to time in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, including in reliance on Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Act. In February 2020, the board of directors approved the renewal of the program and reset the repurchase amount back to $150 million. The renewed program is scheduled to expire in March 2021.February 2022. Repurchases under the program, if any, will depend on the prevailing market conditions and other factors. During the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company did not repurchase any shares as part of the stock repurchase program. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company repurchased 0.4 million shares as part of the stock repurchase program at a total cost of $10.4 million.
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
On March 31, 2020, the Company issued and sold 12,130,540 shares of new Class A common stock in a private offering (the “Offering”) to Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation (“SMBC”) in connection with a share purchase agreement. The Company received $383.8 million in gross proceeds and incurred approximately $0.7 million of expenses in connection with the Offering. The expenses have been recorded as a reduction in the proceeds received and are presented on a net basis together with contributions in additional paid-in-capital within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity. In connection with the Offering, the Company approved the amendment to its certificate of incorporation to, among other things, establish a new series of non-voting common stock, par value $0.01 per share, that has the same economic rights as the Class A common stock. SMBC may exchange all or a portion of the Class A common stock for an equivalent amount of the newly established non-voting common stock pursuant to certain terms set forth in an investor rights agreement entered into between the Company and SMBC. As of September 30, 2020, the Company had authorized 500,000,000 shares of the non-voting common stock with no shares issued. To satisfy a condition related to the Offering, the Company also issued 115,199,620 shares of its Class C common stock to Ares Voting on March 30, 2020. The issuance of the Class C units did not change the aggregate voting power of Ares Voting, and Ares Voting will continue to be entitled to the number of votes equal to the number of AOG Units held of record by each Ares Operating Group limited partner, other than the Company and its subsidiaries, that does not own a share of Class C common stock.
The following table presents the changes in each class of common stock:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Class A Common Stock | | Class B Common Stock | | Class C Common Stock | | Total |
| Balance - January 1, 2020 | 115,242,028 | | | 1,000 | | | 1 | | | 115,243,029 | |
Issuance of stock (1) | 19,854,764 | | | 0 | | | 115,199,620 | | | 135,054,384 | |
Exchanges of AOG Units (2) | 1,891,240 | | | 0 | | | (514,818) | | | 1,376,422 | |
| Redemptions of AOG Units | 0 | | | 0 | | | (66,000) | | | (66,000) | |
| Stock option exercises, net of shares withheld for tax | 4,216,240 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 4,216,240 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Vesting of restricted stock awards, net of shares withheld for tax | 2,622,438 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 2,622,438 | |
| Balance Outstanding - September 30, 2020 | 143,826,710 | | | 1,000 | | | 114,618,803 | | | 258,446,513 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Class A Common Stock | | Class B Common Stock | | Class C Common Stock | | Total |
| Balance - January 1, 2021 | 147,182,562 | | | 1,000 | | | 112,447,618 | | | 259,631,180 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Exchanges of AOG Units | 283,724 | | | 0 | | | (283,724) | | | 0 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Vesting of restricted stock awards, net of shares withheld for tax | 2,374,692 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 2,374,692 | |
| Balance - March 31, 2021 | 149,840,978 | | | 1,000 | | | 112,163,894 | | | 262,005,872 | |
(1) On July 1, 2020, the Company issued 7,724,224 shares of new Class A common stock in connection with the SSG Acquisition.
(2) Effective March 30, 2020, Class C common stock activity represents redemptions to correspond with exchanges of AOG Units.
The following table presents each partner's AOG Units and corresponding ownership interest in each of the Ares Operating Group entities, as well as its daily average ownership of AOG Units in each of the Ares Operating Group entities:
| | | Daily Average Ownership | | Daily Average Ownership |
| | As of September 30, 2020 | | As of December 31, 2019 | | Three months ended September 30, | | Nine months ended September 30, | | | As of March 31, 2021 | | As of December 31, 2020 | | | | Three months ended March 31, |
| | AOG Units | | Direct Ownership Interest | | AOG Units | | Direct Ownership Interest | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | | AOG Units | | Direct Ownership Interest | | AOG Units | | Direct Ownership Interest | | | | 2021 | | 2020 | |
| Ares Management Corporation | Ares Management Corporation | | 143,826,710 | | | 55.65 | % | | 115,242,028 | | | 49.70 | % | | 55.57 | % | | 48.17 | % | | 53.33 | % | | 47.46 | % | | Ares Management Corporation | | 149,840,978 | | | 57.19 | % | | 147,182,562 | | | 56.69 | % | | | | 57.06 | % | | 50.43 | % | |
| Ares Owners Holding L.P. | Ares Owners Holding L.P. | | 114,618,803 | | | 44.35 | | | 116,641,833 | | | 50.30 | | | 44.43 | | | 51.83 | | | 46.67 | | | 52.54 | | | Ares Owners Holding L.P. | | 112,163,894 | | | 42.81 | | | 112,447,618 | | | 43.31 | | | | | 42.94 | | | 49.57 | | |
| | Total | Total | | 258,445,513 | | | 100.00 | % | | 231,883,861 | | | 100.00 | % | | | Total | | 262,004,872 | | | 100.00 | % | | 259,630,180 | | | 100.00 | % | | | | |
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
Preferred Stock
As of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the Company had 12,400,000 shares of the Series A Preferred Stock outstanding. When, as and if declared by the Company’s board of directors, dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock are payable quarterly at a rate per annum equal to 7.00%. The Series A Preferred Stock may be redeemed at the Company’s option, in whole or in part, at any time on or after June 30, 2021, at a price per share of $25.00.
Redeemable Interest
The following table summarizes the activities associated with the redeemable interest in Ares Operating Group entities that was established in connection with the SSG Acquisition:entities:
| | | | | |
| Total |
AdditionsBalance - January 1, 2021 | $ | 99,804100,366 | |
| |
| |
Net lossincome | (1,007)32 | |
| Currency translation adjustment, net of tax | 642 (590) | |
Balance at September 30, 2020- March 31, 2021 | $ | 99,43999,808 | |
The following table summarizes the activities associated with the redeemable interest in Consolidated Funds:
| | | | | |
| Total |
| Balance - January 1, 2021 | $ | 0 | |
| Redemption value | 930,924 | |
| |
| |
| Balance - March 31, 2021 | $ | 930,924 | |
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
14. SEGMENT REPORTING
The Company operates through its distinct operating segments that are summarized below:
Credit Group: The Credit Group manages credit strategies across the liquid and illiquid spectrum, including syndicated loans, high yield bonds, multi-asset credit, alternative credit investments and direct lending. The syndicated loans strategy focuses on evaluating individual credit opportunities related primarily to non-investment grade senior secured loans and primarily targettargets first lien secured debt, with a secondary focus on second lien secured loans mezzanine loans, high yield bonds and subordinated and other unsecured loans. The high yield bond strategy seeks to deliver a diversified portfolio of liquid, traded non-investment grade corporate bonds, including secured, unsecured and subordinated debt instruments. Multi-asset credit is a “go anywhere” strategy designed to offer investors a flexible solution to global credit investing by tactical allocationallowing us to tactically allocate between multiple asset classes in various market conditions. The alternative credit strategy seeks to capitalize on asset-focused investment opportunities that fall outside of traditional, well-defined markets such as corporate debt, real estate and private equity. The alternative credit strategy emphasizes downside protection and capital preservation through a focus on investments that tend to share the following key attributes: asset security, covenants, structural protections and cash flow velocity. The direct lending strategy is one of the largest self-originating direct lenders to the U.S. and European markets and has a multi-channel origination strategy designed to address a broad set of investment opportunities in the middle market. U.S.The direct lending activities are managed through a publicly traded business development company, ARCC, as well as through private funds. The groupteam maintains a flexible investment strategy with the capability to invest in first lien senior secured loans (including “unitranche” loans which are loans that combine senior and mezzanine debt, generally in a first lien position), second lien senior secured loans, mezzaninesubordinated debt, preferred equity and non-control equity co-investments in private middle market companiescompanies. U.S. direct lending activities are managed through a publicly traded business development company, ARCC, as well as through private commingled funds and power generation projects.SMAs.
Private Equity Group: The Private Equity Group manages investment strategies broadly categorized as corporate private equity, infrastructurecategorizes its investment activities into three strategies: Corporate Private Equity, Special Opportunities and power, special opportunities,Infrastructure and energy opportunities.Power. In its North American and European flexible capital corporate private equitythe Corporate Private Equity strategy, the Company targets opportunistic majority or shared-controlfour principal transactions types: prudently leveraged control buyouts, growth equity, rescue/deleveraging capital and distressed buyouts/discounted debt accumulation together with the broad resources of potential investment opportunities. This flexible capital approach, together with the broad resources of the Ares platform, widens our universe of potential investment opportunities and allows us to remain active in different markets and to be highly selective in making investments in businesses with strong franchises and attractive growth opportunities in North America and Europe. The infrastructure and poweracross various market environments. In Special Opportunities strategy, targets infrastructure-related assets across the power generation, transmission, midstream sectors and renewables seeking attractive risk-adjusted equity returns with current cash flow andCompany employs a flexible capital appreciation. The special opportunities strategy seeks to invest opportunisticallytarget non-control positions across a broad spectrum of stressed, distressed or mispriced investments, including corporate debt, rescue capital, private asset-backed investments, post-reorganization securities and non-performing portfolios.opportunistic situations. The energy opportunitiesInfrastructure and Power strategy targets investments invalue-added approach that seeks to source and structure essential infrastructure assets with strong downside protection and potential for capital appreciation throughout the climate infrastructure, natural gas generation, and energy industry where its flexible capital can provide attractive risk-adjusted returns while attempting to mitigate commodity risk.transportation sectors.
Real Estate Group: The Real Estate Group manages comprehensive real estate equity and debt strategies. Real Estate equity strategies focus on applying hands-on value creation initiatives to mismanaged and capital-starved assets, as well as new development, ultimately selling stabilized assets back into the market. The Real Estate Group manages both a value-add strategy and an opportunistic strategy. The value-add strategy seeks to create value by buyinginvestment activities focus on the acquisition of underperforming, income-producing, institutional-quality assets at attractive valuations andthat can be improved through active asset management of income-producing propertiesselect value-creation initiatives across the U.S. and Western Europe. The opportunistic
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
strategy focuses on manufacturing corecapitalizing on distressed and special situations, repositioning underperforming assets throughand undertaking select development and redevelopment and fixing distressed capital structuresprojects across major properties in the U.S. and Europe. The Company’s debt strategies leverage the Real Estate Group’s diverse sources of capital to directly originate and manage commercial mortgage investments on properties thatinvest in a wide range from stabilized to requiring hands-on value creation.of financing opportunities in the U.S. In addition to managing private debtcommingled funds and SMAs, the Real Estate Group makes debt investments through ACRE, a publicly traded commercial mortgage REIT.
Strategic Initiatives: The Company began reflecting the Strategic Initiatives category beginning in the third quarter of 2020. It represents an all other category that includes operating segments and strategic investments that are seekingseek to broadenexpand the Company's distribution channels or expandCompany’s reach and its access toscale in new and existing global markets and includes the results ofincluding Ares SSG, subsequent to the completion of the SSG Acquisition on July 1, 2020.Ares Insurance Solutions (“AIS”) and AAC.
The OMG consists of shared resource groups to support the Company’s operating segments by providing infrastructure and administrative support in the areas of accounting/finance, operations, information technology, strategy and relationship management, legal, compliance and human resources. Additionally, the OMG provides services to certain of the Company’s investment companies and partnerships, which reimburse the OMG for expenses equal to the costs of services provided. The OMG’s expenses are not allocated to the Company’s reportable segments but the Company does consider the cost structure of the OMG when evaluating its financial performance.
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
Segment Profit Measures: These measures supplement and should be considered in addition to, and not in lieu of, the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations prepared in accordance with GAAP.
Fee related earnings (“FRE”) is used to assess core operating performance by determining whether recurring revenue, primarily consisting of management fees, is sufficient to cover operating expenses and to generate profits. FRE differs from income before taxes computed in accordance with GAAP as it excludes performance income, performance related compensation, investment income from the Consolidated Funds and non-consolidated funds and certain other items that the Company believes are not indicative of its core operating performance.
Realized income (“RI”) is an operating metric used by management to evaluate performance of the business based on operating performance and the contribution of each of the business segments to that performance, while removing the fluctuations of unrealized income and expenses, which may or may not be eventually realized at the levels presented and whose realizations depend more on future outcomes than current business operations. RI differs from income before taxes by excluding (a) operating results of the Consolidated Funds, (b) depreciation and amortization expense, (c) the effects of changes arising from corporate actions, (d) unrealized gains and losses related to performance income and investment performance and (e) certain other items that the Company believes are not indicative of operating performance. Changes arising from corporate actions include equity-based compensation expenses, the amortization of intangible assets, transaction costs associated with mergers, acquisitions and capital transactions, underwriting costs and expenses incurred in connection with corporate reorganization. Management believes RI is a more appropriate metric to evaluate the Company's current business operations.
Management makes operating decisions and assesses the performance of each of the Company’s business segments based on financial and operating metrics and other data that is presented before giving effect to the consolidation of any of the Consolidated Funds. Consequently, all segment data excludes the assets, liabilities and operating results related to the Consolidated Funds and non-consolidated funds.
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
The following tables present the financial results for the Company’s operating segments, as well as the OMG:
| | | Three months ended September 30, 2020 | |
| | Credit Group | | Private Equity Group | | Real
Estate Group | |
Strategic Initiatives | | Total
Segments | | OMG | | Total | |
| Management fees (Credit Group includes ARCC Part I Fees of $41,643) | $ | 208,371 | | | $ | 54,653 | | | $ | 23,787 | | | 13,320 | | | $ | 300,131 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 300,131 | | |
| | | | | | Three months ended March 31, 2021 |
| | | Credit Group | | Private Equity Group | | Real
Estate Group | | Strategic Initiatives | | Total
Segments | | OMG | | Total |
| Management fees | | Management fees | $ | 232,877 | | | $ | 49,331 | | | $ | 29,632 | | | $ | 15,623 | | | $ | 327,463 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 327,463 | |
| Other fees | Other fees | 4,898 | | | 2 | | | 5 | | | 6 | | | 4,911 | | | 0 | | | 4,911 | | Other fees | 5,969 | | | 108 | | | 648 | | | 79 | | | 6,804 | | | 0 | | | 6,804 | |
| Compensation and benefits | Compensation and benefits | (74,373) | | | (21,224) | | | (13,011) | | | (4,241) | | | (112,849) | | | (41,551) | | | (154,400) | | Compensation and benefits | (80,365) | | | (20,685) | | | (15,941) | | | (4,740) | | | (121,731) | | | (44,407) | | | (166,138) | |
| General, administrative and other expenses | General, administrative and other expenses | (13,789) | | | (6,002) | | | (2,987) | | | (1,514) | | | (24,292) | | | (19,519) | | | (43,811) | | General, administrative and other expenses | (10,809) | | | (4,868) | | | (3,295) | | | (2,035) | | | (21,007) | | | (18,656) | | | (39,663) | |
| Fee related earnings | Fee related earnings | 125,107 | | | 27,429 | | | 7,794 | | | 7,571 | | | 167,901 | | | (61,070) | | | 106,831 | | Fee related earnings | 147,672 | | | 23,886 | | | 11,044 | | | 8,927 | | | 191,529 | | | (63,063) | | | 128,466 | |
| Performance income—realized | Performance income—realized | 7,069 | | | 115,997 | | | 199 | | | 0 | | | 123,265 | | | 0 | | | 123,265 | | Performance income—realized | 3,816 | | | 71,218 | | | 1,947 | | | 0 | | | 76,981 | | | 0 | | | 76,981 | |
| Performance related compensation—realized | Performance related compensation—realized | (4,131) | | | (93,284) | | | (123) | | | 0 | | | (97,538) | | | 0 | | | (97,538) | | Performance related compensation—realized | (2,893) | | | (57,026) | | | (1,177) | | | 0 | | | (61,096) | | | 0 | | | (61,096) | |
| Realized net performance income | Realized net performance income | 2,938 | | | 22,713 | | | 76 | | | 0 | | | 25,727 | | | 0 | | | 25,727 | | Realized net performance income | 923 | | | 14,192 | | | 770 | | | 0 | | | 15,885 | | | 0 | | | 15,885 | |
| Investment income—realized | 0 | | | 16,351 | | | 486 | | | 0 | | | 16,837 | | | 0 | | | 16,837 | | |
| Interest and other investment income (expense) —realized | 1,962 | | | 1,065 | | | 1,308 | | | (4) | | | 4,331 | | | (503) | | | 3,828 | | |
| Investment loss—realized | | Investment loss—realized | 0 | | | (7,170) | | | (222) | | | 0 | | | (7,392) | | | 0 | | | (7,392) | |
| Interest and other investment income—realized | | Interest and other investment income—realized | 3,669 | | | 444 | | | 2,028 | | | 33 | | | 6,174 | | | 355 | | | 6,529 | |
| Interest expense | | Interest expense | (1,515) | | | (1,663) | | | (1,125) | | | (2,302) | | | (6,605) | | | (90) | | | (6,695) | |
| Realized net investment income (loss) | | Realized net investment income (loss) | 2,154 | | | (8,389) | | | 681 | | | (2,269) | | | (7,823) | | | 265 | | | (7,558) | |
| Realized income | | Realized income | $ | 150,749 | | | $ | 29,689 | | | $ | 12,495 | | | $ | 6,658 | | | $ | 199,591 | | | $ | (62,798) | | | $ | 136,793 | |
| | | | Three months ended March 31, 2020 |
| | | Credit Group | | Private Equity Group | | Real Estate Group | | Strategic Initiatives | | Total
Segments | | OMG | | Total |
| Management fees | | Management fees | $ | 197,437 | | | $ | 52,157 | | | $ | 24,184 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 273,778 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 273,778 | |
| Other fees | | Other fees | 3,058 | | | 110 | | | 704 | | | 0 | | | 3,872 | | | 0 | | | 3,872 | |
| Compensation and benefits | | Compensation and benefits | (70,925) | | | (19,596) | | | (12,413) | | | 0 | | | (102,934) | | | (36,426) | | | (139,360) | |
| General, administrative and other expenses | | General, administrative and other expenses | (15,313) | | | (5,633) | | | (2,935) | | | 0 | | | (23,881) | | | (21,305) | | | (45,186) | |
| Fee related earnings | | Fee related earnings | 114,257 | | | 27,038 | | | 9,540 | | | 0 | | | 150,835 | | | (57,731) | | | 93,104 | |
| Performance income—realized | | Performance income—realized | 9,016 | | | 116,154 | | | 26,600 | | | 0 | | | 151,770 | | | 0 | | | 151,770 | |
| Performance related compensation—realized | | Performance related compensation—realized | (7,899) | | | (92,924) | | | (17,170) | | | 0 | | | (117,993) | | | 0 | | | (117,993) | |
| Realized net performance income | | Realized net performance income | 1,117 | | | 23,230 | | | 9,430 | | | 0 | | | 33,777 | | | 0 | | | 33,777 | |
| Investment income (loss)—realized | | Investment income (loss)—realized | (843) | | | 11,470 | | | 1,290 | | | 0 | | | 11,917 | | | (5,698) | | | 6,219 | |
| Interest and other investment income—realized | | Interest and other investment income—realized | 4,575 | | | 812 | | | 796 | | | 0 | | | 6,183 | | | 168 | | | 6,351 | |
| Interest expense | Interest expense | (2,340) | | | (2,216) | | | (1,389) | | | (729) | | | (6,674) | | | (141) | | | (6,815) | | Interest expense | (1,715) | | | (1,643) | | | (971) | | | 0 | | | (4,329) | | | (977) | | | (5,306) | |
| Realized net investment income (loss) | Realized net investment income (loss) | (378) | | | 15,200 | | | 405 | | | (733) | | | 14,494 | | | (644) | | | 13,850 | | Realized net investment income (loss) | 2,017 | | | 10,639 | | | 1,115 | | | 0 | | | 13,771 | | | (6,507) | | | 7,264 | |
| Realized income | Realized income | $ | 127,667 | | | $ | 65,342 | | | $ | 8,275 | | | $ | 6,838 | | | $ | 208,122 | | | $ | (61,714) | | | $ | 146,408 | | Realized income | $ | 117,391 | | | $ | 60,907 | | | $ | 20,085 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 198,383 | | | $ | (64,238) | | | $ | 134,145 | |
| | | | Three months ended September 30, 2019 | |
| | Credit Group | | Private Equity Group | | Real
Estate Group | | Strategic Initiatives | | Total
Segments | | OMG | | Total | |
| Management fees (Credit Group includes ARCC Part I Fees of $38,786) | $ | 178,447 | | | $ | 54,543 | | | $ | 26,988 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 259,978 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 259,978 | | |
| Other fees | 5,174 | | | 141 | | | 28 | | | 0 | | | 5,343 | | | 0 | | | 5,343 | | |
| Compensation and benefits | (67,770) | | | (19,226) | | | (14,523) | | | 0 | | | (101,519) | | | (34,061) | | | (135,580) | | |
| General, administrative and other expenses | (12,789) | | | (5,532) | | | (3,341) | | | 0 | | | (21,662) | | | (21,405) | | | (43,067) | | |
| Fee related earnings | 103,062 | | | 29,926 | | | 9,152 | | | 0 | | | 142,140 | | | (55,466) | | | 86,674 | | |
| Performance income—realized | 1,037 | | | 0 | | | 6,277 | | | 0 | | | 7,314 | | | 0 | | | 7,314 | | |
| Performance related compensation—realized | (630) | | | 0 | | | (1,412) | | | 0 | | | (2,042) | | | 0 | | | (2,042) | | |
| Realized net performance income | 407 | | | 0 | | | 4,865 | | | 0 | | | 5,272 | | | 0 | | | 5,272 | | |
| Investment income—realized | 114 | | | 47 | | | 2,015 | | | 0 | | | 2,176 | | | 0 | | | 2,176 | | |
| Interest and other investment income (expense) —realized | 6,964 | | | 435 | | | 1,588 | | | 0 | | | 8,987 | | | (11) | | | 8,976 | | |
| Interest expense | (1,561) | | | (1,628) | | | (967) | | | 0 | | | (4,156) | | | (535) | | | (4,691) | | |
| Realized net investment income (loss) | 5,517 | | | (1,146) | | | 2,636 | | | 0 | | | 7,007 | | | (546) | | | 6,461 | | |
| Realized income | $ | 108,986 | | | $ | 28,780 | | | $ | 16,653 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 154,419 | | | $ | (56,012) | | | $ | 98,407 | | |
| | |
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Nine months ended September 30, 2020 |
| Credit Group | | Private Equity Group | | Real
Estate Group | | Strategic Initiatives | | Total
Segments | | OMG | | Total |
| Management fees (Credit Group includes ARCC Part I Fees of $126,872) | $ | 606,596 | | | $ | 160,206 | | | $ | 71,459 | | | $ | 13,320 | | | $ | 851,581 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 851,581 | |
| Other fees | 12,057 | | | 142 | | | 716 | | | 6 | | | 12,921 | | | 0 | | | 12,921 | |
| Compensation and benefits | (222,063) | | | (62,946) | | | (38,159) | | | (4,241) | | | (327,409) | | | (114,916) | | | (442,325) | |
| General, administrative and other expenses | (41,626) | | | (16,083) | | | (9,185) | | | (1,514) | | | (68,408) | | | (56,877) | | | (125,285) | |
| Fee related earnings | 354,964 | | | 81,319 | | | 24,831 | | | 7,571 | | | 468,685 | | | (171,793) | | | 296,892 | |
| Performance income—realized | 16,085 | | | 276,469 | | | 27,106 | | | 0 | | | 319,660 | | | 0 | | | 319,660 | |
| Performance related compensation—realized | (12,142) | | | (222,949) | | | (17,484) | | | 0 | | | (252,575) | | | 0 | | | (252,575) | |
| Realized net performance income | 3,943 | | | 53,520 | | | 9,622 | | | 0 | | | 67,085 | | | 0 | | | 67,085 | |
| Investment income (loss)—realized | (843) | | | 35,866 | | | 2,740 | | | 0 | | | 37,763 | | | (5,698) | | | 32,065 | |
| Interest and other investment income (expense) —realized | 13,166 | | | 2,364 | | | 3,024 | | | (4) | | | 18,550 | | | (588) | | | 17,962 | |
| Interest expense | (6,391) | | | (6,106) | | | (3,715) | | | (729) | | | (16,941) | | | (1,262) | | | (18,203) | |
| Realized net investment income (loss) | 5,932 | | | 32,124 | | | 2,049 | | | (733) | | | 39,372 | | | (7,548) | | | 31,824 | |
| Realized income | $ | 364,839 | | | $ | 166,963 | | | $ | 36,502 | | | $ | 6,838 | | | $ | 575,142 | | | $ | (179,341) | | | $ | 395,801 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Nine months ended September 30, 2019 |
| Credit Group | | Private Equity Group | | Real Estate Group | | Strategic Initiatives | | Total
Segments | | OMG | | Total |
| Management fees (Credit Group includes ARCC Part I Fees of $116,336) | $ | 513,760 | | | $ | 158,101 | | | $ | 67,408 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 739,269 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 739,269 | |
| Other fees | 12,179 | | | 141 | | | 709 | | | 0 | | | 13,029 | | | 0 | | | 13,029 | |
| Compensation and benefits | (193,083) | | | (61,713) | | | (35,735) | | | 0 | | | (290,531) | | | (100,716) | | | (391,247) | |
| General, administrative and other expenses | (39,675) | | | (14,501) | | | (9,996) | | | 0 | | | (64,172) | | | (61,911) | | | (126,083) | |
| Fee related earnings | 293,181 | | | 82,028 | | | 22,386 | | | 0 | | | 397,595 | | | (162,627) | | | 234,968 | |
| Performance income—realized | 38,921 | | | 62,492 | | | 10,468 | | | 0 | | | 111,881 | | | 0 | | | 111,881 | |
| Performance related compensation—realized | (22,857) | | | (49,993) | | | (3,638) | | | 0 | | | (76,488) | | | 0 | | | (76,488) | |
| Realized net performance income | 16,064 | | | 12,499 | | | 6,830 | | | 0 | | | 35,393 | | | 0 | | | 35,393 | |
| Investment income—realized | 662 | | | 12,013 | | | 7,041 | | | 0 | | | 19,716 | | | 0 | | | 19,716 | |
| Interest and other investment income (expense) —realized | 14,500 | | | 4,047 | | | 4,812 | | | 0 | | | 23,359 | | | (13) | | | 23,346 | |
| Interest expense | (5,368) | | | (6,239) | | | (3,136) | | | 0 | | | (14,743) | | | (1,330) | | | (16,073) | |
| Realized net investment income (loss) | 9,794 | | | 9,821 | | | 8,717 | | | 0 | | | 28,332 | | | (1,343) | | | 26,989 | |
| Realized income | $ | 319,039 | | | $ | 104,348 | | | $ | 37,933 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 461,320 | | | $ | (163,970) | | | $ | 297,350 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
The following table presents the components of the Company’s operating segments’ revenue, expenses and realized net investment income:
| | | Three months ended September 30, | | Nine months ended September 30, | | | | Three months ended March 31, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | | | 2021 | | 2020 | |
| Segment revenues | Segment revenues | | | | | | | | | Segment revenues | | | | | |
| Management fees (includes ARCC Part I Fees of $41,643, $126,872 and $38,786, $116,336 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively) | $ | 300,131 | | | $ | 259,978 | | | $ | 851,581 | | | $ | 739,269 | | | |
| Management fees | | Management fees | | $ | 327,463 | | | $ | 273,778 | | |
| Other fees | Other fees | 4,911 | | | 5,343 | | | 12,921 | | | 13,029 | | | Other fees | | 6,804 | | | 3,872 | | |
| Performance income—realized | Performance income—realized | 123,265 | | | 7,314 | | | 319,660 | | | 111,881 | | | Performance income—realized | | 76,981 | | | 151,770 | | |
| Total segment revenues | Total segment revenues | $ | 428,307 | | | $ | 272,635 | | | $ | 1,184,162 | | | $ | 864,179 | | | Total segment revenues | | $ | 411,248 | | | $ | 429,420 | | |
| Segment expenses | Segment expenses | | | | | | | | | Segment expenses | | | | | |
| Compensation and benefits | Compensation and benefits | $ | 112,849 | | | $ | 101,519 | | | $ | 327,409 | | | $ | 290,531 | | | Compensation and benefits | | $ | 121,731 | | | $ | 102,934 | | |
| General, administrative and other expenses | General, administrative and other expenses | 24,292 | | | 21,662 | | | 68,408 | | | 64,172 | | | General, administrative and other expenses | | 21,007 | | | 23,881 | | |
| Performance related compensation—realized | Performance related compensation—realized | 97,538 | | | 2,042 | | | 252,575 | | | 76,488 | | | Performance related compensation—realized | | 61,096 | | | 117,993 | | |
| Total segment expenses | Total segment expenses | $ | 234,679 | | | $ | 125,223 | | | $ | 648,392 | | | $ | 431,191 | | | Total segment expenses | | $ | 203,834 | | | $ | 244,808 | | |
| Segment realized net investment income | | | | | | | | | |
| Investment income—realized | $ | 16,837 | | | $ | 2,176 | | | $ | 37,763 | | | $ | 19,716 | | | |
| Segment realized net investment income (expense) | | Segment realized net investment income (expense) | | | | | |
| Investment income (loss)—realized | | Investment income (loss)—realized | | $ | (7,392) | | | $ | 11,917 | | |
| Interest and other investment income —realized | Interest and other investment income —realized | 4,331 | | | 8,987 | | | 18,550 | | | 23,359 | | | Interest and other investment income —realized | | 6,174 | | | 6,183 | | |
| Interest expense | Interest expense | (6,674) | | | (4,156) | | | (16,941) | | | (14,743) | | | Interest expense | | (6,605) | | | (4,329) | | |
| Total segment realized net investment income | $ | 14,494 | | | $ | 7,007 | | | $ | 39,372 | | | $ | 28,332 | | | |
| Total segment realized net investment income (expense) | | Total segment realized net investment income (expense) | | $ | (7,823) | | | $ | 13,771 | | |
The following table reconciles the Company's consolidated revenues to segment revenue:
| | | Three months ended September 30, | | Nine months ended September 30, | | | | Three months ended March 31, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | | | 2021 | | 2020 | |
| Total consolidated revenue | Total consolidated revenue | $ | 489,866 | | | $ | 466,490 | | | $ | 1,106,033 | | | $ | 1,328,509 | | | Total consolidated revenue | | $ | 658,388 | | | $ | 13,409 | | |
| Performance (income) loss-unrealized | (52,488) | | | (181,174) | | | 77,866 | | | (426,411) | | | |
| Performance (income) loss—unrealized | | Performance (income) loss—unrealized | | (224,954) | | | 387,657 | | |
| Management fees of Consolidated Funds eliminated in consolidation | Management fees of Consolidated Funds eliminated in consolidation | 11,719 | | | 8,780 | | | 33,601 | | | 25,928 | | | Management fees of Consolidated Funds eliminated in consolidation | | 11,706 | | | 10,502 | | |
| | Incentive fees of Consolidated Funds eliminated in consolidation | Incentive fees of Consolidated Funds eliminated in consolidation | 0 | | | 0 | | | (70) | | | 5,184 | | | Incentive fees of Consolidated Funds eliminated in consolidation | | 1,525 | | | (45) | | |
| Administrative, transaction and other fees of Consolidated Funds eliminated in consolidation | Administrative, transaction and other fees of Consolidated Funds eliminated in consolidation | 4,448 | | | 0 | | | 12,249 | | | 0 | | | Administrative, transaction and other fees of Consolidated Funds eliminated in consolidation | | 4,145 | | | 3,317 | | |
Administrative fees(1) | Administrative fees(1) | (9,216) | | | (9,649) | | | (27,715) | | | (22,853) | | | Administrative fees(1) | | (9,808) | | | (9,661) | | |
| Performance income (loss) reclass(2) | Performance income (loss) reclass(2) | (291) | | | (27) | | | (3,664) | | | 553 | | | Performance income (loss) reclass(2) | | 55 | | | (1,717) | | |
| Principal investment income, net of eliminations | (11,408) | | | (11,389) | | | (8,330) | | | (45,992) | | | |
| Principal investment (income) loss, net of eliminations | | Principal investment (income) loss, net of eliminations | | (25,100) | | | 26,723 | | |
| Net income of non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries | Net income of non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries | (4,323) | | | (396) | | | (5,808) | | | (739) | | | Net income of non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries | | (4,709) | | | (765) | | |
| Total consolidation adjustments and reconciling items | Total consolidation adjustments and reconciling items | (61,559) | | | (193,855) | | | 78,129 | | | (464,330) | | | Total consolidation adjustments and reconciling items | | (247,140) | | | 416,011 | | |
| Total segment revenue | Total segment revenue | $ | 428,307 | | | $ | 272,635 | | | $ | 1,184,162 | | | $ | 864,179 | | | Total segment revenue | | $ | 411,248 | | | $ | 429,420 | | |
(1)Represents administrative fees that are presented in administrative, transaction and other fees in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and are netted against the respective expenses for segment reporting.
(2)Related to performance income for AREA Sponsor Holdings LLC, an investment pool. Changes in value of this investment are reflected within net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
The following table reconciles the Company's consolidated expenses to segment expenses:
| | | Three months ended September 30, | | Nine months ended September 30, | | | | Three months ended March 31, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | | | 2021 | | 2020 | |
| Total consolidated expenses | Total consolidated expenses | $ | 392,580 | | | $ | 395,701 | | | $ | 958,106 | | | $ | 1,100,509 | | | Total consolidated expenses | | $ | 525,109 | | | $ | 81,959 | | |
| Performance related compensation-unrealized | Performance related compensation-unrealized | (24,818) | | | (137,174) | | | 61,010 | | | (311,936) | | | Performance related compensation-unrealized | | (160,337) | | | 285,892 | | |
| Expenses of Consolidated Funds added in consolidation | Expenses of Consolidated Funds added in consolidation | (17,737) | | | (19,664) | | | (50,237) | | | (61,977) | | | Expenses of Consolidated Funds added in consolidation | | (17,436) | | | (17,899) | | |
| Expenses of Consolidated Funds eliminated in consolidation | Expenses of Consolidated Funds eliminated in consolidation | 11,718 | | | 8,780 | | | 33,531 | | | 31,112 | | | Expenses of Consolidated Funds eliminated in consolidation | | 13,265 | | | 10,456 | | |
Administrative fees(1) | Administrative fees(1) | (9,216) | | | (9,649) | | | (27,715) | | | (22,853) | | | Administrative fees(1) | | (9,808) | | | (9,661) | | |
| OMG expenses | OMG expenses | (61,070) | | | (55,466) | | | (171,793) | | | (162,627) | | | OMG expenses | | (63,063) | | | (57,731) | | |
| Acquisition and merger-related expense | Acquisition and merger-related expense | (3,474) | | | (4,777) | | | (9,430) | | | (10,757) | | | Acquisition and merger-related expense | | (8,590) | | | (3,115) | | |
| Equity compensation expense | Equity compensation expense | (30,336) | | | (22,393) | | | (91,576) | | | (73,974) | | | Equity compensation expense | | (55,649) | | | (32,557) | | |
| Deferred placement fees | Deferred placement fees | (2,942) | | | (4,366) | | | (18,677) | | | (17,319) | | | Deferred placement fees | | (297) | | | (5,415) | | |
| Depreciation and amortization expense | Depreciation and amortization expense | (14,336) | | | (24,564) | | | (26,197) | | | (35,609) | | | Depreciation and amortization expense | | (14,100) | | | (5,542) | | |
| | Expense of non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries | Expense of non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries | (5,690) | | | (1,205) | | | (8,630) | | | (3,378) | | | Expense of non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries | | (5,260) | | | (1,579) | | |
| Total consolidation adjustments and reconciling items | Total consolidation adjustments and reconciling items | (157,901) | | | (270,478) | | | (309,714) | | | (669,318) | | | Total consolidation adjustments and reconciling items | | (321,275) | | | 162,849 | | |
| Total segment expenses | Total segment expenses | $ | 234,679 | | | $ | 125,223 | | | $ | 648,392 | | | $ | 431,191 | | | Total segment expenses | | $ | 203,834 | | | $ | 244,808 | | |
(1)Represents administrative fees that are presented in administrative, transaction and other fees in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and are netted against the respective expenses for segment reporting.
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
The following table reconciles the Company's consolidated other income to segment realized net investment income:
| | | Three months ended September 30, | | Nine months ended September 30, | | | | Three months ended March 31, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | | | 2021 | | 2020 | |
| Total consolidated other income (expense) | Total consolidated other income (expense) | $ | 62,355 | | | $ | 32,787 | | | $ | (43,602) | | | $ | 95,919 | | | Total consolidated other income (expense) | | $ | 56,785 | | | $ | (227,863) | | |
| Investment (income) loss—unrealized | Investment (income) loss—unrealized | 1,479 | | | (4,138) | | | 83,369 | | | (12,703) | | | Investment (income) loss—unrealized | | (22,168) | | | 105,594 | | |
| Interest and other investment (income) loss—unrealized | Interest and other investment (income) loss—unrealized | (1,390) | | | 3,044 | | | (10,330) | | | 3,394 | | | Interest and other investment (income) loss—unrealized | | 3,950 | | | (4,961) | | |
| Other (income) loss from Consolidated Funds added in consolidation, net | Other (income) loss from Consolidated Funds added in consolidation, net | (68,132) | | | (37,070) | | | 20,719 | | | (101,285) | | | Other (income) loss from Consolidated Funds added in consolidation, net | | (67,316) | | | 198,245 | | |
| Other income from Consolidated Funds eliminated in consolidation, net | (3,470) | | | (1,124) | | | (11,478) | | | (1,214) | | | |
| OMG other (income) expense | (1,820) | | | 87 | | | (781) | | | (71) | | | |
| Other expense from Consolidated Funds eliminated in consolidation, net | | Other expense from Consolidated Funds eliminated in consolidation, net | | (4,112) | | | (3,819) | | |
| OMG other expense | | OMG other expense | | 333 | | | 1,141 | | |
Performance (income) loss reclass(1) | Performance (income) loss reclass(1) | 291 | | | 27 | | | 3,664 | | | (553) | | | Performance (income) loss reclass(1) | | (55) | | | 1,717 | | |
| Principal investment income (loss) | Principal investment income (loss) | 18,080 | | | 13,865 | | | (24,951) | | | 45,336 | | | Principal investment income (loss) | | 25,095 | | | (75,988) | | |
Other (income) expense, net(2) | Other (income) expense, net(2) | 9,534 | | | (461) | | | 9,903 | | | (460) | | | Other (income) expense, net(2) | | (473) | | | 22 | | |
| Other (income) loss of non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries | (2,433) | | | (10) | | | 12,859 | | | (31) | | | |
| Other loss of non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries | | Other loss of non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries | | 138 | | | 19,683 | | |
| Total consolidation adjustments and reconciling items | Total consolidation adjustments and reconciling items | (47,861) | | | (25,780) | | | 82,974 | | | (67,587) | | | Total consolidation adjustments and reconciling items | | (64,608) | | | 241,634 | | |
| Total segment realized net investment income | $ | 14,494 | | | $ | 7,007 | | | $ | 39,372 | | | $ | 28,332 | | | |
| Total segment realized net investment income (expense) | | Total segment realized net investment income (expense) | | $ | (7,823) | | | $ | 13,771 | | |
(1)Related to performance income for AREA Sponsor Holdings LLC. Changes in value of this investment are reflected within net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(2)The three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 includes a $9.5 million non-cash unrealized guarantee expense.
The following table presents the reconciliation of income before taxes as reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations to segment results of RI and FRE:
| | | Three months ended September 30, | | Nine months ended September 30, | | | | Three months ended March 31, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | | | 2021 | | 2020 | |
| Income before taxes | $ | 159,641 | | | $ | 103,576 | | | $ | 104,325 | | | $ | 323,919 | | | |
| Income (loss) before taxes | | Income (loss) before taxes | | $ | 190,064 | | | $ | (296,413) | | |
| Adjustments: | Adjustments: | | | Adjustments: | | | |
| Depreciation and amortization expense | Depreciation and amortization expense | 14,336 | | | 24,564 | | | 26,197 | | | 35,609 | | | Depreciation and amortization expense | | 14,100 | | | 5,542 | | |
| Equity compensation expense | Equity compensation expense | 30,336 | | | 22,393 | | | 91,576 | | | 73,974 | | | Equity compensation expense | | 55,649 | | | 32,557 | | |
| Acquisition and merger-related expense | Acquisition and merger-related expense | 3,490 | | | 4,777 | | | 9,815 | | | 10,757 | | | Acquisition and merger-related expense | | 8,590 | | | 3,137 | | |
| Deferred placement fees | Deferred placement fees | 2,942 | | | 4,366 | | | 18,677 | | | 17,319 | | | Deferred placement fees | | 297 | | | 5,415 | | |
| OMG expense, net | OMG expense, net | 59,250 | | | 55,553 | | | 171,012 | | | 162,556 | | | OMG expense, net | | 63,396 | | | 58,872 | | |
Other (income) expense, net(1) | 9,518 | | | (461) | | | 9,518 | | | (460) | | | |
| Net (income) expense of non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries | (1,066) | | | 799 | | | 15,681 | | | 2,608 | | | |
| Other income, net | | Other income, net | | (473) | | | 0 | | |
| Net expense of non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries | | Net expense of non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries | | 689 | | | 20,497 | | |
| (Income) loss before taxes of non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds, net of eliminations | (Income) loss before taxes of non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds, net of eliminations | (42,744) | | | (16,054) | | | 38,446 | | | (41,178) | | | (Income) loss before taxes of non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds, net of eliminations | | (49,886) | | | 166,378 | | |
| Total performance (income) loss-unrealized | (52,488) | | | (181,174) | | | 77,866 | | | (426,411) | | | |
| Total performance related compensation - unrealized | 24,818 | | | 137,174 | | | (61,010) | | | 311,936 | | | |
| Total investment (income) loss-unrealized | 89 | | | (1,094) | | | 73,039 | | | (9,309) | | | |
| Total performance (income) loss—unrealized | | Total performance (income) loss—unrealized | | (224,954) | | | 387,657 | | |
| Total performance related compensation—unrealized | | Total performance related compensation—unrealized | | 160,337 | | | (285,892) | | |
| Total investment (income) loss—unrealized | | Total investment (income) loss—unrealized | | (18,218) | | | 100,633 | | |
| Realized income | Realized income | 208,122 | | | 154,419 | | | 575,142 | | | 461,320 | | | Realized income | | 199,591 | | | 198,383 | | |
| Total performance income - realized | (123,265) | | | (7,314) | | | (319,660) | | | (111,881) | | | |
| Total performance related compensation - realized | 97,538 | | | 2,042 | | | 252,575 | | | 76,488 | | | |
| Total investment income - realized | (14,494) | | | (7,007) | | | (39,372) | | | (28,332) | | | |
| Total performance income—realized | | Total performance income—realized | | (76,981) | | | (151,770) | | |
| Total performance related compensation—realized | | Total performance related compensation—realized | | 61,096 | | | 117,993 | | |
| Total investment income—realized | | Total investment income—realized | | 7,823 | | | (13,771) | | |
| Fee related earnings | Fee related earnings | $ | 167,901 | | | $ | 142,140 | | | $ | 468,685 | | | $ | 397,595 | | | Fee related earnings | | $ | 191,529 | | | $ | 150,835 | | |
(1)The three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 includes a $9.5 million non-cash unrealized guarantee expense.
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
15. CONSOLIDATION
Investments in Consolidated Variable Interest Entities
The Company consolidates entities in which the Company has a variable interest and as the general partner or investment manager, has both the power to direct the most significant activities and a potentially significant economic interest. Investments in the consolidated VIEs are reported at fair value and represent the Company’s maximum exposure to loss.
Investments in Non-Consolidated Variable Interest Entities
The Company holds interests in certain VIEs that are not consolidated as the Company is not the primary beneficiary. The Company's interest in such entities generally is in the form of direct equity interests, fixed fee arrangements or both. The maximum exposure to loss represents the potential loss of assets by the Company relating to these non-consolidated entities. Investments in the non-consolidated VIEs are carried at fair value.
The Company's interests in consolidated and non-consolidated VIEs, as presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, and its respective maximum exposure to loss relating to non-consolidated VIEs are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | As of March 31, | | As of December 31, |
| | As of September 30, | | As of December 31, | |
| | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
Maximum exposure to loss attributable to the Company's investment in non-consolidated VIEs(1) | Maximum exposure to loss attributable to the Company's investment in non-consolidated VIEs(1) | $ | 233,394 | | | $ | 260,520 | | Maximum exposure to loss attributable to the Company's investment in non-consolidated VIEs(1) | $ | 199,819 | | | $ | 224,203 | |
Maximum exposure to loss attributable to the Company's investment in consolidated VIEs(1) | Maximum exposure to loss attributable to the Company's investment in consolidated VIEs(1) | 168,603 | | | 181,856 | | Maximum exposure to loss attributable to the Company's investment in consolidated VIEs(1) | 387,934 | | | 391,963 | |
| Assets of consolidated VIEs | Assets of consolidated VIEs | 11,217,650 | | | 9,454,572 | | Assets of consolidated VIEs | 11,724,262 | | | 11,580,003 | |
| Liabilities of consolidated VIEs | Liabilities of consolidated VIEs | 10,568,273 | | | 8,679,869 | | Liabilities of consolidated VIEs | 10,851,579 | | | 10,716,438 | |
(1)As of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the Company's maximum exposure of loss for CLO securities was equal to the cumulative fair value of our capital interest in CLOs that are managed and totaled $94.0$106.6 million and $104.7$107.7 million, respectively.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended September 30, | | Nine months ended September 30, | | |
| 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | |
| Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests related to consolidated VIEs | $ | 42,627 | | | $ | 15,908 | | | $ | (38,593) | | | $ | 41,878 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Three months ended March 31, |
| | | | | 2021 | | 2020 | | |
| Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests related to consolidated VIEs | | | | | $ | 27,816 | | | $ | (166,406) | | | |
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
Consolidating Schedules
The following supplemental financial information illustrates the consolidating effects of the Consolidated Funds on the Company's financial condition, results from operations and cash flows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of September 30, 2020 |
| | Consolidated
Company
Entities | | Consolidated
Funds | | Eliminations | | Consolidated |
| Assets | | | | | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 868,752 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 868,752 | |
| Investments (includes $1,063,570 of accrued carried interest) | 1,761,000 | | | — | | | (159,084) | | | 1,601,916 | |
| Due from affiliates | 347,067 | | | — | | | (19,008) | | | 328,059 | |
| Other assets | 781,295 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 781,295 | |
| Right-of-use operating lease assets | 136,392 | | | — | | | — | | | 136,392 | |
| Assets of Consolidated Funds | | | | | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | — | | | 365,185 | | | 0 | | | 365,185 | |
| Investments, at fair value | — | | | 10,600,408 | | | 4,448 | | | 10,604,856 | |
| Due from affiliates | — | | | 18,203 | | | (9,519) | | | 8,684 | |
| Receivable for securities sold | — | | | 197,518 | | | 0 | | | 197,518 | |
| Other assets | — | | | 36,336 | | | 0 | | | 36,336 | |
| Total assets | $ | 3,894,506 | | | $ | 11,217,650 | | | $ | (183,163) | | | $ | 14,928,993 | |
| Liabilities | | | | | | | |
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | $ | 135,632 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (9,519) | | | $ | 126,113 | |
| Accrued compensation | 215,765 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 215,765 | |
| Due to affiliates | 63,853 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 63,853 | |
| Performance related compensation payable | 741,635 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 741,635 | |
| Debt obligations | 642,665 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 642,665 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Operating lease liabilities | 161,737 | | | — | | | — | | | 161,737 | |
| Liabilities of Consolidated Funds | | | | | | | |
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | — | | | 51,454 | | | 0 | | | 51,454 | |
| Due to affiliates | — | | | 14,560 | | | (14,560) | | | 0 | |
| Payable for securities purchased | — | | | 684,591 | | | 0 | | | 684,591 | |
| CLO loan obligations, at fair value | — | | | 9,654,935 | | | (46,808) | | | 9,608,127 | |
| Fund borrowings | — | | | 162,733 | | | 0 | | | 162,733 | |
| Total liabilities | 1,961,287 | | | 10,568,273 | | | (70,887) | | | 12,458,673 | |
| Commitments and contingencies | | | | | | | |
| Redeemable interest in Ares Operating Group entities | 99,439 | | | — | | | — | | | 99,439 | |
| Non-controlling interest in Consolidated Funds | — | | | 649,377 | | | (112,276) | | | 537,101 | |
| Non-controlling interest in Ares Operating Group entities | 691,609 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 691,609 | |
| Stockholders' Equity | | | | | | | |
| Series A Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized (12,400,000 shares issued and outstanding) | 298,761 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 298,761 | |
| Class A common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,500,000,000 shares authorized (143,826,710 shares issued and outstanding) | 1,438 | | | — | | | — | | | 1,438 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Class B common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000 shares authorized (1,000 shares issued and outstanding) | — | | | — | | | — | | | 0 | |
| Class C common stock, $0.01 par value, 499,999,000 shares authorized (114,618,803 shares issued and outstanding) | 1,146 | | | — | | | — | | | 1,146 | |
| Additional paid-in-capital | 1,011,697 | | | — | | | — | | | 1,011,697 | |
| Retained earnings | (164,084) | | | — | | | — | | | (164,084) | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax | (6,787) | | | — | | | 0 | | | (6,787) | |
| Total stockholders' equity | 1,142,171 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 1,142,171 | |
| Total equity | 1,833,780 | | | 649,377 | | | (112,276) | | | 2,370,881 | |
| Total liabilities, redeemable interest, non-controlling interests and equity | $ | 3,894,506 | | | $ | 11,217,650 | | | $ | (183,163) | | | $ | 14,928,993 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of March 31, 2021 |
| | Consolidated
Company
Entities | | Consolidated
Funds | | Eliminations | | Consolidated |
| Assets | | | | | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 609,872 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 609,872 | |
| Investments (includes $1,369,684 of accrued carried interest) | 2,323,728 | | | — | | | (391,750) | | | 1,931,978 | |
| Due from affiliates | 358,106 | | | — | | | (22,656) | | | 335,450 | |
| Other assets | 781,464 | | | — | | | (1,523) | | | 779,941 | |
| Right-of-use operating lease assets | 157,908 | | | — | | | — | | | 157,908 | |
| Assets of Consolidated Funds | | | | | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | — | | | 557,271 | | | — | | | 557,271 | |
| U.S. Treasury securities, at fair value | — | | | 1,000,040 | | | — | | | 1,000,040 | |
| Investments, at fair value | — | | | 10,944,061 | | | 4,112 | | | 10,948,173 | |
| Due from affiliates | — | | | 25,990 | | | (9,750) | | | 16,240 | |
| Receivable for securities sold | — | | | 166,960 | | | — | | | 166,960 | |
| Other assets | — | | | 32,096 | | | — | | | 32,096 | |
| Total assets | $ | 4,231,078 | | | $ | 12,726,418 | | | $ | (421,567) | | | $ | 16,535,929 | |
| Liabilities | | | | | | | |
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | $ | 129,327 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (9,749) | | | $ | 119,578 | |
| Accrued compensation | 89,791 | | | — | | | — | | | 89,791 | |
| Due to affiliates | 77,817 | | | — | | | — | | | 77,817 | |
| Performance related compensation payable | 968,582 | | | — | | | — | | | 968,582 | |
| Debt obligations | 811,279 | | | — | | | — | | | 811,279 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Operating lease liabilities | 186,594 | | | — | | | — | | | 186,594 | |
| Liabilities of Consolidated Funds | | | | | | | |
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | — | | | 112,014 | | | (13,541) | | | 98,473 | |
| Due to affiliates | — | | | 20,690 | | | (20,068) | | | 622 | |
| Payable for securities purchased | — | | | 781,845 | | | — | | | 781,845 | |
| CLO loan obligations, at fair value | — | | | 9,892,853 | | | (53,214) | | | 9,839,639 | |
| Fund borrowings | — | | | 110,409 | | | — | | | 110,409 | |
| Total liabilities | 2,263,390 | | | 10,917,811 | | | (96,572) | | | 13,084,629 | |
| Commitments and contingencies | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 |
| Redeemable interest in Consolidated Funds | — | | | 930,924 | | | — | | | 930,924 | |
| Redeemable interest in Ares Operating Group entities | 99,808 | | | — | | | — | | | 99,808 | |
| Non-controlling interest in Consolidated Funds | — | | | 877,683 | | | (324,995) | | | 552,688 | |
| Non-controlling interest in Ares Operating Group entities | 706,381 | | | — | | | — | | | 706,381 | |
| Stockholders' Equity | | | | | | | |
| Series A Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized (12,400,000 shares issued and outstanding) | 298,761 | | | — | | | — | | | 298,761 | |
| Class A common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,500,000,000 shares authorized (149,840,978 shares issued and outstanding) | 1,498 | | | — | | | — | | | 1,498 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Class B common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000 shares authorized (1,000 shares issued and outstanding) | 0 | | | — | | | — | | | 0 | |
| Class C common stock, $0.01 par value, 499,999,000 shares authorized (112,163,894 shares issued and outstanding) | 1,122 | | | — | | | — | | | 1,122 | |
| Additional paid-in-capital | 1,033,735 | | | — | | | — | | | 1,033,735 | |
| Retained earnings | (173,555) | | | — | | | — | | | (173,555) | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax | (62) | | | — | | | — | | | (62) | |
| Total stockholders' equity | 1,161,499 | | | — | | | — | | | 1,161,499 | |
| Total equity | 1,867,880 | | | 877,683 | | | (324,995) | | | 2,420,568 | |
| Total liabilities, redeemable interest, non-controlling interests and equity | $ | 4,231,078 | | | $ | 12,726,418 | | | $ | (421,567) | | | $ | 16,535,929 | |
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of December 31, 2019 |
| | Consolidated
Company
Entities | | Consolidated
Funds | | Eliminations | | Consolidated |
| Assets | | | | | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 138,384 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 138,384 | |
| Investments (includes $1,134,967 of accrued carried interest) | 1,845,520 | | | — | | | (181,856) | | | 1,663,664 | |
| Due from affiliates | 282,197 | | | — | | | (14,098) | | | 268,099 | |
| Other assets | 343,674 | | | — | | | (2,381) | | | 341,293 | |
| Right-of-use operating lease assets | 143,406 | | | — | | | — | | | 143,406 | |
| Assets of Consolidated Funds | | | | | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | — | | | 606,321 | | | 0 | | | 606,321 | |
| Investments, at fair value | — | | | 8,723,169 | | | 4,778 | | | 8,727,947 | |
| Due from affiliates | — | | | 6,192 | | | 0 | | 6,192 | |
| Receivable for securities sold | — | | | 88,809 | | | 0 | | 88,809 | |
| Other assets | — | | | 30,081 | | | 0 | | 30,081 | |
| Total assets | $ | 2,753,181 | | | $ | 9,454,572 | | | $ | (193,557) | | | $ | 12,014,196 | |
| Liabilities | | | | | | | |
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | $ | 88,173 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 88,173 | |
| Accrued compensation | 37,795 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 37,795 | |
| Due to affiliates | 71,445 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 71,445 | |
| Performance related compensation payable | 829,764 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 829,764 | |
| Debt obligations | 316,609 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 316,609 | |
| Operating lease liabilities | 168,817 | | | — | | | — | | | 168,817 | |
| Liabilities of Consolidated Funds | | | | | | | |
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | — | | | 61,857 | | | 0 | | | 61,857 | |
| Due to affiliates | — | | | 11,700 | | | (11,700) | | | 0 | |
| Payable for securities purchased | — | | | 500,146 | | | 0 | | | 500,146 | |
| CLO loan obligations | — | | | 7,998,922 | | | (25,174) | | | 7,973,748 | |
| Fund borrowings | — | | | 107,244 | | | 0 | | | 107,244 | |
| Total liabilities | 1,512,603 | | | 8,679,869 | | | (36,874) | | | 10,155,598 | |
| Commitments and contingencies | | | | | | | |
| Non-controlling interest in Consolidated Funds | — | | | 774,703 | | | (156,683) | | | 618,020 | |
| Non-controlling interest in Ares Operating Group entities | 472,288 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 472,288 | |
| Stockholders' Equity | | | | | | | |
| Series A Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized (12,400,000 shares issued and outstanding) | 298,761 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 298,761 | |
| Class A common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,500,000,000 shares authorized (115,242,028 shares issued and outstanding) | 1,152 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 1,152 | |
| Class B common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000 shares authorized (1,000 shares issued and outstanding) | — | | | — | | | — | | | 0 | |
| Class C common stock, $0.01 par value, 499,999,000 shares authorized (1 share issued and outstanding) | 0 | | | — | | | — | | | 0 | |
| Additional paid-in-capital | 525,244 | | | — | | | — | | | 525,244 | |
| Retained earnings | (50,820) | | | — | | | — | | | (50,820) | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax | (6,047) | | | — | | | 0 | | | (6,047) | |
| Total stockholders' equity | 768,290 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 768,290 | |
| Total equity | 1,240,578 | | | 774,703 | | | (156,683) | | | 1,858,598 | |
| Total liabilities, non-controlling interests and equity | $ | 2,753,181 | | | $ | 9,454,572 | | | $ | (193,557) | | | $ | 12,014,196 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of December 31, 2020 |
| | Consolidated
Company
Entities | | Consolidated
Funds | | Eliminations | | Consolidated |
| Assets | | | | | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 539,812 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 539,812 | |
| Investments (includes $1,145,853 of accrued carried interest) | 2,064,517 | | | — | | | (381,758) | | | 1,682,759 | |
| Due from affiliates | 426,021 | | | — | | | (20,134) | | | 405,887 | |
| Other assets | 812,630 | | | — | | | (211) | | | 812,419 | |
| Right-of-use operating lease assets | 154,742 | | | — | | | — | | | 154,742 | |
| Assets of Consolidated Funds | | | | | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | — | | | 522,377 | | | — | | | 522,377 | |
| Investments, at fair value | — | | | 10,873,522 | | | 3,575 | | | 10,877,097 | |
| Due from affiliates | — | | | 27,377 | | | (10,205) | | 17,172 | |
| Receivable for securities sold | — | | | 121,225 | | | — | | 121,225 | |
| Other assets | — | | | 35,502 | | | — | | 35,502 | |
| Total assets | $ | 3,997,722 | | | $ | 11,580,003 | | | $ | (408,733) | | | $ | 15,168,992 | |
| Liabilities | | | | | | | |
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | $ | 125,494 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (10,205) | | | $ | 115,289 | |
| Accrued compensation | 103,010 | | | — | | | — | | | 103,010 | |
| Due to affiliates | 100,186 | | | — | | | — | | | 100,186 | |
| Performance related compensation payable | 813,378 | | | — | | | — | | | 813,378 | |
| Debt obligations | 642,998 | | | — | | | — | | | 642,998 | |
| Operating lease liabilities | 180,236 | | | — | | | — | | | 180,236 | |
| Liabilities of Consolidated Funds | | | | | | | |
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | — | | | 46,824 | | | — | | | 46,824 | |
| Due to affiliates | — | | | 16,770 | | | (16,770) | | | 0 | |
| Payable for securities purchased | — | | | 514,946 | | | — | | | 514,946 | |
| CLO loan obligations | — | | | 10,015,989 | | | (57,913) | | | 9,958,076 | |
| Fund borrowings | — | | | 121,909 | | | — | | | 121,909 | |
| Total liabilities | 1,965,302 | | | 10,716,438 | | | (84,888) | | | 12,596,852 | |
| Commitments and contingencies | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 |
| Redeemable interest in Ares Operating Group entities | 100,366 | | | — | | | — | | | 100,366 | |
| Non-controlling interest in Consolidated Funds | — | | | 863,565 | | | (323,845) | | | 539,720 | |
| Non-controlling interest in Ares Operating Group entities | 738,369 | | | — | | | — | | | 738,369 | |
| Stockholders' Equity | | | | | | | |
| Series A Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized (12,400,000 shares issued and outstanding) | 298,761 | | | — | | | — | | | 298,761 | |
| Class A common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,500,000,000 shares authorized (147,182,562 shares issued and outstanding) | 1,472 | | | — | | | — | | | 1,472 | |
| Class B common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000 shares authorized (1,000 shares issued and outstanding) | — | | | — | | | — | | | 0 | |
| Class C common stock, $0.01 par value, 499,999,000 shares authorized (112,447,618 share issued and outstanding) | 1,124 | | | — | | | — | | | 1,124 | |
| Additional paid-in-capital | 1,043,669 | | | — | | | — | | | 1,043,669 | |
| Retained earnings | (151,824) | | | — | | | — | | | (151,824) | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax | 483 | | | — | | | — | | | 483 | |
| Total stockholders' equity | 1,193,685 | | | — | | | — | | | 1,193,685 | |
| Total equity | 1,932,054 | | | 863,565 | | | (323,845) | | | 2,471,774 | |
| Total liabilities, redeemable interest, non-controlling interests and equity | $ | 3,997,722 | | | $ | 11,580,003 | | | $ | (408,733) | | | $ | 15,168,992 | |
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended September 30, 2020 |
| | Consolidated
Company
Entities | | Consolidated
Funds | | Eliminations | | Consolidated |
| Revenues | | | | | | | |
| Management fees (includes ARCC Part I Fees of $41,643) | $ | 304,153 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (11,719) | | | $ | 292,434 | |
| Carried interest allocation | 168,978 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 168,978 | |
| Incentive fees | 7,194 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 7,194 | |
| Principal investment income | 18,080 | | | — | | | (6,672) | | | 11,408 | |
| Administrative, transaction and other fees | 14,300 | | | 0 | | | (4,448) | | | 9,852 | |
| Total revenues | 512,705 | | | — | | | (22,839) | | | 489,866 | |
| Expenses | | | | | | | |
| Compensation and benefits | 194,267 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 194,267 | |
| Performance related compensation | 122,356 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 122,356 | |
| General, administrative and other expense | 69,938 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 69,938 | |
| Expenses of the Consolidated Funds | — | | | 17,737 | | | (11,718) | | | 6,019 | |
| Total expenses | 386,561 | | | 17,737 | | | (11,718) | | | 392,580 | |
| Other income (expense) | | | | | | | |
| Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments | 2,303 | | | — | | | (4,910) | | | (2,607) | |
| Interest and dividend income | 1,602 | | | — | | | (258) | | | 1,344 | |
| Interest expense | (6,815) | | | — | | | — | | | (6,815) | |
| Other income (expense), net | (6,337) | | | — | | | 8,540 | | | 2,203 | |
| Net realized and unrealized gains on investments of the Consolidated Funds | — | | | 9,850 | | | 8,121 | | | 17,971 | |
| Interest and other income of the Consolidated Funds | — | | | 126,100 | | | (9,519) | | | 116,581 | |
| Interest expense of the Consolidated Funds | — | | | (67,818) | | | 1,496 | | | (66,322) | |
| Total other income (expense) | (9,247) | | | 68,132 | | | 3,470 | | | 62,355 | |
| Income before taxes | 116,897 | | | 50,395 | | | (7,651) | | | 159,641 | |
| Income tax expense | 18,197 | | | 117 | | | 0 | | | 18,314 | |
| Net income | 98,700 | | | 50,278 | | | (7,651) | | | 141,327 | |
| Less: Net loss attributable to redeemable interest in Ares Operating Group entities | (1,007) | | | — | | | — | | | (1,007) | |
| Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | — | | | 50,278 | | | (7,651) | | | 42,627 | |
| Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in Ares Operating Group entities | 52,162 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 52,162 | |
| Net income attributable to Ares Management Corporation | 47,545 | | | — | | | — | | | 47,545 | |
| Less: Series A Preferred Stock dividends paid | 5,425 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 5,425 | |
| Net income attributable to Ares Management Corporation Class A common stockholders | $ | 42,120 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 42,120 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended March 31, 2021 |
| | Consolidated
Company
Entities | | Consolidated
Funds | | Eliminations | | Consolidated |
| Revenues | | | | | | | |
| Management fees | $ | 331,979 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (11,706) | | | $ | 320,273 | |
| Carried interest allocation | 297,535 | | | — | | | — | | | 297,535 | |
| Incentive fees | 4,345 | | | — | | | (1,525) | | | 2,820 | |
| Principal investment income | 25,095 | | | — | | | 5 | | | 25,100 | |
| Administrative, transaction and other fees | 16,805 | | | — | | | (4,145) | | | 12,660 | |
| Total revenues | 675,759 | | | — | | | (17,371) | | | 658,388 | |
| Expenses | | | | | | | |
| Compensation and benefits | 231,850 | | | — | | | — | | | 231,850 | |
| Performance related compensation | 221,432 | | | — | | | — | | | 221,432 | |
| General, administrative and other expense | 67,656 | | | — | | | — | | | 67,656 | |
| Expenses of the Consolidated Funds | — | | | 17,436 | | | (13,265) | | | 4,171 | |
| Total expenses | 520,938 | | | 17,436 | | | (13,265) | | | 525,109 | |
| Other income (expense) | | | | | | | |
| Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments | (6,118) | | | — | | | 11,551 | | | 5,433 | |
| Interest and dividend income | 1,863 | | | — | | | (903) | | | 960 | |
| Interest expense | (6,695) | | | — | | | — | | | (6,695) | |
| Other expense, net | (3,693) | | | — | | | (456) | | | (4,149) | |
| Net realized and unrealized gains on investments of the Consolidated Funds | — | | | 26,468 | | | (10,046) | | | 16,422 | |
| Interest and other income of the Consolidated Funds | — | | | 115,383 | | | 456 | | | 115,839 | |
| Interest expense of the Consolidated Funds | — | | | (74,535) | | | 3,510 | | | (71,025) | |
| Total other income (expense) | (14,643) | | | 67,316 | | | 4,112 | | | 56,785 | |
| Income before taxes | 140,178 | | | 49,880 | | | 6 | | | 190,064 | |
| Income tax expense | 25,726 | | | 28 | | | — | | | 25,754 | |
| Net income | 114,452 | | | 49,852 | | | 6 | | | 164,310 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | — | | | 49,852 | | | 6 | | | 49,858 | |
| Net income attributable to Ares Operating Group entities | 114,452 | | | — | | | — | | | 114,452 | |
| Less: Net income attributable to redeemable interest in Ares Operating Group entities | 32 | | | — | | | — | | | 32 | |
| Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in Ares Operating Group entities | 56,042 | | | — | | | — | | | 56,042 | |
| Net income attributable to Ares Management Corporation | 58,378 | | | — | | | — | | | 58,378 | |
| Less: Series A Preferred Stock dividends paid | 5,425 | | | — | | | — | | | 5,425 | |
| Net income attributable to Ares Management Corporation Class A common stockholders | $ | 52,953 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 52,953 | |
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended September 30, 2019 |
| | Consolidated
Company
Entities | | Consolidated
Funds | | Eliminations | | Consolidated |
| Revenues | | | | | | | |
| Management fees (includes ARCC Part I Fees of $38,786) | $ | 260,371 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (8,780) | | | $ | 251,591 | |
| Carried interest allocation | 186,803 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 186,803 | |
| Incentive fees | 1,712 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 1,712 | |
| Principal investment income | 13,865 | | | — | | | (2,476) | | | 11,389 | |
| Administrative, transaction and other fees | 14,995 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 14,995 | |
| Total revenues | 477,746 | | | — | | | (11,256) | | | 466,490 | |
| Expenses | | | | | | | |
| Compensation and benefits | 166,216 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 166,216 | |
| Performance related compensation | 139,216 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 139,216 | |
| General, administrative and other expense | 79,385 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 79,385 | |
| Expenses of the Consolidated Funds | — | | | 19,664 | | | (8,780) | | | 10,884 | |
| Total expenses | 384,817 | | | 19,664 | | | (8,780) | | | 395,701 | |
| Other income (expense) | | | | | | | |
| Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments | (522) | | | — | | | 2,044 | | | 1,522 | |
| Interest and dividend income | 2,800 | | | — | | | (770) | | | 2,030 | |
| Interest expense | (4,691) | | | — | | | — | | | (4,691) | |
| Other expense, net | (2,994) | | | — | | | 1,124 | | | (1,870) | |
| Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments of the Consolidated Funds | — | | | 1,399 | | | (2,391) | | | (992) | |
| Interest and other income of the Consolidated Funds | — | | | 107,922 | | | 0 | | | 107,922 | |
| Interest expense of the Consolidated Funds | — | | | (72,251) | | | 1,117 | | | (71,134) | |
| Total other income (expense) | (5,407) | | | 37,070 | | | 1,124 | | | 32,787 | |
| Income before taxes | 87,522 | | | 17,406 | | | (1,352) | | | 103,576 | |
| Income tax expense | 11,555 | | | 146 | | | 0 | | | 11,701 | |
| Net income | 75,967 | | | 17,260 | | | (1,352) | | | 91,875 | |
| Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | — | | | 17,260 | | | (1,352) | | | 15,908 | |
| Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in Ares Operating Group entities | 42,636 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 42,636 | |
| Net income attributable to Ares Management Corporation | 33,331 | | | — | | | — | | | 33,331 | |
| Less: Series A Preferred Stock dividends paid | 5,425 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 5,425 | |
| Net income attributable to Ares Management Corporation Class A common stockholders | $ | 27,906 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 27,906 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended March 31, 2020 |
| | Consolidated
Company
Entities | | Consolidated
Funds | | Eliminations | | Consolidated |
| Revenues | | | | | | | |
| Management fees | $ | 274,351 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (10,502) | | | $ | 263,849 | |
| Carried interest allocation | (230,876) | | | — | | | — | | | (230,876) | |
| Incentive fees | (3,294) | | | — | | | 45 | | | (3,249) | |
| Principal investment loss | (75,988) | | | — | | | 49,265 | | | (26,723) | |
| Administrative, transaction and other fees | 13,725 | | | — | | | (3,317) | | | 10,408 | |
| Total revenues | (22,082) | | | — | | | 35,491 | | | 13,409 | |
| Expenses | | | | | | | |
| Compensation and benefits | 180,084 | | | — | | | — | | | 180,084 | |
| Performance related compensation | (167,899) | | | — | | | — | | | (167,899) | |
| General, administrative and other expense | 62,331 | | | — | | | — | | | 62,331 | |
| Expenses of the Consolidated Funds | — | | | 17,899 | | | (10,456) | | | 7,443 | |
| Total expenses | 74,516 | | | 17,899 | | | (10,456) | | | 81,959 | |
| Other income (expense) | | | | | | | |
| Net realized and unrealized losses on investments | (35,695) | | | — | | | 27,661 | | | (8,034) | |
| Interest and dividend income | 2,602 | | | — | | | (812) | | | 1,790 | |
| Interest expense | (5,306) | | | — | | | — | | | (5,306) | |
| Other income, net | 4,962 | | | — | | | 502 | | | 5,464 | |
| Net realized and unrealized losses on investments of the Consolidated Funds | — | | | (230,173) | | | (24,588) | | | (254,761) | |
| Interest and other income of the Consolidated Funds | — | | | 113,225 | | | — | | | 113,225 | |
| Interest expense of the Consolidated Funds | — | | | (81,297) | | | 1,056 | | | (80,241) | |
| Total other expense | (33,437) | | | (198,245) | | | 3,819 | | | (227,863) | |
| Loss before taxes | (130,035) | | | (216,144) | | | 49,766 | | | (296,413) | |
| Income tax expense (benefit) | (20,644) | | | 28 | | | — | | | (20,616) | |
| Net loss | (109,391) | | | (216,172) | | | 49,766 | | | (275,797) | |
| Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | — | | | (216,172) | | | 49,766 | | | (166,406) | |
| Net loss attributable to Ares Operating Group entities | (109,391) | | | — | | | — | | | (109,391) | |
| Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests in in Ares Operating Group entities | (78,355) | | | — | | | — | | | (78,355) | |
| Net loss attributable to Ares Management Corporation | (31,036) | | | — | | | — | | | (31,036) | |
| Less: Series A Preferred Stock dividends paid | 5,425 | | | — | | | — | | | 5,425 | |
| Net loss attributable to Ares Management Corporation Class A common stockholders | $ | (36,461) | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | (36,461) | |
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Nine months ended September 30, 2020 |
| | Consolidated
Company
Entities | | Consolidated
Funds | | Eliminations | | Consolidated |
| Revenues | | | | | | | |
| Management fees (includes ARCC Part I Fees of $126,872) | $ | 856,751 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (33,601) | | | $ | 823,150 | |
| Carried interest allocation | 241,380 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 241,380 | |
| Incentive fees | 4,206 | | | — | | | 70 | | | 4,276 | |
| Principal investment income (loss) | (24,951) | | | — | | | 33,281 | | | 8,330 | |
| Administrative, transaction and other fees | 41,146 | | | 0 | | | (12,249) | | | 28,897 | |
| Total revenues | 1,118,532 | | | — | | | (12,499) | | | 1,106,033 | |
| Expenses | | | | | | | |
| Compensation and benefits | 559,482 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 559,482 | |
| Performance related compensation | 191,565 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 191,565 | |
| General, administrative and other expense | 190,353 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 190,353 | |
| Expenses of the Consolidated Funds | — | | | 50,237 | | | (33,531) | | | 16,706 | |
| Total expenses | 941,400 | | | 50,237 | | | (33,531) | | | 958,106 | |
| Other income (expense) | | | | | | | |
| Net realized and unrealized losses on investments | (25,360) | | | — | | | 15,009 | | | (10,351) | |
| Interest and dividend income | 8,102 | | | — | | | (2,990) | | | 5,112 | |
| Interest expense | (18,203) | | | — | | | — | | | (18,203) | |
| Other income, net | 1,100 | | | — | | | 8,748 | | | 9,848 | |
| Net realized and unrealized losses on investments of the Consolidated Funds | — | | | (148,826) | | | (4,442) | | | (153,268) | |
| Interest and other income of the Consolidated Funds | — | | | 355,639 | | | (9,519) | | | 346,120 | |
| Interest expense of the Consolidated Funds | — | | | (227,532) | | | 4,672 | | | (222,860) | |
| Total other expense | (34,361) | | | (20,719) | | | 11,478 | | | (43,602) | |
| Income (loss) before taxes | 142,771 | | | (70,956) | | | 32,510 | | | 104,325 | |
| Income tax expense | 21,972 | | | 147 | | | 0 | | | 22,119 | |
| Net income (loss) | 120,799 | | | (71,103) | | | 32,510 | | | 82,206 | |
| Less: Net loss attributable to redeemable interest in Ares Operating Group entities | (1,007) | | | — | | | — | | | (1,007) | |
| Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | — | | | (71,103) | | | 32,510 | | | (38,593) | |
| Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in Ares Operating Group entities | 48,926 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 48,926 | |
| Net income attributable to Ares Management Corporation | 72,880 | | | — | | | — | | | 72,880 | |
| Less: Series A Preferred Stock dividends paid | 16,275 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 16,275 | |
| Net income attributable to Ares Management Corporation Class A common stockholders | $ | 56,605 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 56,605 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended March 31, 2021 |
| | Consolidated
Company
Entities | | Consolidated
Funds | | Eliminations | | Consolidated |
| Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | | |
| Net income | $ | 114,452 | | | $ | 49,852 | | | $ | 6 | | | $ | 164,310 | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 34,292 | | | — | | | 9,992 | | | 44,284 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities allocable to redeemable and non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | — | | | (1,208,767) | | | 587 | | | (1,208,180) | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Cash flows due to changes in operating assets and liabilities | (11,336) | | | — | | | 4,292 | | | (7,044) | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Cash flows due to changes in operating assets and liabilities allocable to redeemable and non-controlling interest in Consolidated Funds | — | | | 314,126 | | | (48,614) | | | 265,512 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 137,408 | | | (844,789) | | | (33,737) | | | (741,118) | |
| Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | | | |
| Purchase of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements, net of disposals | (3,284) | | | — | | | — | | | (3,284) | |
| | | | | | | |
| Net cash used in investing activities | (3,284) | | | — | | | — | | | (3,284) | |
| Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Proceeds from Credit Facility | 168,000 | | | — | | | — | | | 168,000 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Dividends and distributions | (141,768) | | | — | | | — | | | (141,768) | |
| Series A Preferred Stock dividends | (5,425) | | | — | | | — | | | (5,425) | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards | (84,590) | | | — | | | — | | | (84,590) | |
| Other financing activities | 341 | | | — | | | — | | | 341 | |
| Allocable to redeemable and non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds: | | | | | | | |
| Contributions from redeemable and non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | — | | | 955,083 | | | (13,148) | | | 941,935 | |
| Distributions to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | — | | | (50,822) | | | 11,993 | | | (38,829) | |
| Borrowings under loan obligations by Consolidated Funds | — | | | 7,000 | | | — | | | 7,000 | |
| Repayments under loan obligations by Consolidated Funds | — | | | (29,453) | | | — | | | (29,453) | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (63,442) | | | 881,808 | | | (1,155) | | | 817,211 | |
| Effect of exchange rate changes | (622) | | | (2,127) | | | 0 | | | (2,749) | |
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents | 70,060 | | | 34,892 | | | (34,892) | | | 70,060 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 539,812 | | | 522,377 | | | (522,377) | | | 539,812 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 609,872 | | | $ | 557,269 | | | $ | (557,269) | | | $ | 609,872 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Nine months ended September 30, 2019 |
| | Consolidated
Company
Entities | | Consolidated
Funds | | Eliminations | | Consolidated |
| Revenues | | | | | | | |
| Management fees (includes ARCC Part I Fees of $116,336) | $ | 740,024 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (25,928) | | | $ | 714,096 | |
| Carried interest allocation | 503,808 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 503,808 | |
| Incentive fees | 33,931 | | | — | | | (5,184) | | | 28,747 | |
| Principal investment income | 45,336 | | | — | | | 656 | | | 45,992 | |
| Administrative, transaction and other fees | 35,866 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 35,866 | |
| Total revenues | 1,358,965 | | | — | | | (30,456) | | | 1,328,509 | |
| Expenses | | | | | | | |
| Compensation and benefits | 485,232 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 485,232 | |
| Performance related compensation | 388,424 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 388,424 | |
| General, administrative and other expense | 195,988 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 195,988 | |
| Expenses of the Consolidated Funds | — | | | 61,977 | | | (31,112) | | | 30,865 | |
| Total expenses | 1,069,644 | | | 61,977 | | | (31,112) | | | 1,100,509 | |
| Other income (expense) | | | | | | | |
| Net realized and unrealized gains on investments | 4,829 | | | — | | | 690 | | | 5,519 | |
| Interest and dividend income | 7,448 | | | — | | | (1,922) | | | 5,526 | |
| Interest expense | (16,073) | | | — | | | — | | | (16,073) | |
| Other expense, net | (2,784) | | | — | | | 1,214 | | | (1,570) | |
| Net realized and unrealized gains on investments of the Consolidated Funds | — | | | 4,661 | | | (1,405) | | | 3,256 | |
| Interest and other income of the Consolidated Funds | — | | | 303,312 | | | 0 | | | 303,312 | |
| Interest expense of the Consolidated Funds | — | | | (206,688) | | | 2,637 | | | (204,051) | |
| Total other income (expense) | (6,580) | | | 101,285 | | | 1,214 | | | 95,919 | |
| Income before taxes | 282,741 | | | 39,308 | | | 1,870 | | | 323,919 | |
| Income tax expense (benefit) | 36,290 | | | (700) | | | 0 | | | 35,590 | |
| Net income | 246,451 | | | 40,008 | | | 1,870 | | | 288,329 | |
| Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | — | | | 40,008 | | | 1,870 | | | 41,878 | |
| Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in Ares Operating Group entities | 136,032 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 136,032 | |
| Net income attributable to Ares Management Corporation | 110,419 | | | — | | | — | | | 110,419 | |
| Less: Series A Preferred Stock dividends paid | 16,275 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 16,275 | |
| Net income attributable to Ares Management Corporation Class A common stockholders | $ | 94,144 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 94,144 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended March 31, 2020 |
| | Consolidated
Company
Entities | | Consolidated
Funds | | Eliminations | | Consolidated |
| Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | | |
| Net loss | $ | (109,391) | | | $ | (216,172) | | | $ | 49,766 | | | $ | (275,797) | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 190,761 | | | — | | | (65,691) | | | 125,070 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities allocable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | — | | | (478,695) | | | 25,680 | | | (453,015) | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Cash flows due to changes in operating assets and liabilities | 45,995 | | | — | | | 6,000 | | | 51,995 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Cash flows due to changes in operating assets and liabilities allocable to non-controlling interest in Consolidated Funds | — | | | 99,272 | | | 89,238 | | | 188,510 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 127,365 | | | (595,595) | | | 104,993 | | | (363,237) | |
| Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | | | |
| Purchase of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements, net of disposals | (3,062) | | | — | | | — | | | (3,062) | |
| Cash paid for asset acquisition | (35,844) | | | — | | | — | | | (35,844) | |
| Net cash used in investing activities | (38,906) | | | — | | | — | | | (38,906) | |
| Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | | | |
| Proceeds from issuance of Class A common stock | 383,334 | | | — | | | — | | | 383,334 | |
| Proceeds from Credit Facility | 790,000 | | | — | | | — | | | 790,000 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Repayments of Credit Facility | (60,000) | | | — | | | — | | | (60,000) | |
| Dividends and distributions | (106,838) | | | — | | | — | | | (106,838) | |
| Series A Preferred Stock dividends | (5,425) | | | — | | | — | | | (5,425) | |
| | | | | | | |
| Stock option exercises | 19,551 | | | — | | | — | | | 19,551 | |
| Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards | (73,500) | | | — | | | — | | | (73,500) | |
| Other financing activities | (2,125) | | | — | | | — | | | (2,125) | |
| Allocable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds: | | | | | | | |
| Contributions from non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | — | | | 148,270 | | | (15,005) | | | 133,265 | |
| Distributions to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | — | | | (15,426) | | | 1,934 | | | (13,492) | |
| Borrowings under loan obligations by Consolidated Funds | — | | | 454,391 | | | 0 | | | 454,391 | |
| Repayments under loan obligations by Consolidated Funds | — | | | (73,609) | | | 0 | | | (73,609) | |
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 944,997 | | | 513,626 | | | (13,071) | | | 1,445,552 | |
| Effect of exchange rate changes | (4,167) | | | (9,953) | | | 0 | | | (14,120) | |
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents | 1,029,289 | | | (91,922) | | | 91,922 | | | 1,029,289 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 138,384 | | | 606,321 | | | (606,321) | | | 138,384 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 1,167,673 | | | $ | 514,399 | | | $ | (514,399) | | | $ | 1,167,673 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Nine months ended September 30, 2020 |
| | Consolidated
Company
Entities | | Consolidated
Funds | | Eliminations | | Consolidated |
| Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | | |
| Net income (loss) | $ | 120,799 | | | $ | (71,103) | | | $ | 32,510 | | | $ | 82,206 | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities | 207,358 | | | — | | | (22,772) | | | 184,586 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities allocable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | — | | | (733,607) | | | (32,792) | | | (766,399) | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Cash flows due to changes in operating assets and liabilities | 152,691 | | | — | | | (6,989) | | | 145,702 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Cash flows due to changes in operating assets and liabilities allocable to non-controlling interest in Consolidated Funds: | — | | | 105,992 | | | 260,375 | | | 366,367 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 480,848 | | | (698,718) | | | 230,332 | | | 12,462 | |
| Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | | | |
| Purchase of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements, net | (8,608) | | | — | | | — | | | (8,608) | |
| Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (117,829) | | | — | | | — | | | (117,829) | |
| Net cash used in investing activities | (126,437) | | | — | | | — | | | (126,437) | |
| Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | | | |
| Net proceeds from issuance of Class A common stock | 383,154 | | | — | | | — | | | 383,154 | |
| Proceeds from credit facility | 790,000 | | | — | | | — | | | 790,000 | |
| Proceeds from senior notes | 399,084 | | | — | | | — | | | 399,084 | |
| Repayments of credit facility | (860,000) | | | — | | | — | | | (860,000) | |
| | | | | | | |
| Dividends and distributions | (334,957) | | | — | | | — | | | (334,957) | |
| Series A Preferred Stock dividends | (16,275) | | | — | | | — | | | (16,275) | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Stock option exercises | 78,959 | | | — | | | — | | | 78,959 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards | (75,657) | | | — | | | — | | | (75,657) | |
| | | | | | | |
| Other financing activities | (4,137) | | | — | | | — | | | (4,137) | |
| Allocable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds: | | | | | | | |
| Contributions from non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | — | | | 138,760 | | | (15,047) | | | 123,713 | |
| Distributions to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | — | | | (195,598) | | | 25,851 | | | (169,747) | |
| Borrowings under loan obligations by Consolidated Funds | — | | | 618,207 | | | — | | | 618,207 | |
| Repayments under loan obligations by Consolidated Funds | — | | | (104,794) | | | — | | | (104,794) | |
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 360,171 | | | 456,575 | | | 10,804 | | | 827,550 | |
| Effect of exchange rate changes | 15,786 | | | 1,007 | | | 0 | | | 16,793 | |
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents | 730,368 | | | (241,136) | | | 241,136 | | | 730,368 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 138,384 | | | 606,321 | | | (606,321) | | | 138,384 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 868,752 | | | $ | 365,185 | | | $ | (365,185) | | | $ | 868,752 | |
| Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities | | | | | | | |
| Issuance of Class A common stock in connection with acquisitions | $ | 305,338 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 305,338 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Nine months ended September 30, 2019 |
| | Consolidated
Company
Entities | | Consolidated
Funds | | Eliminations | | Consolidated |
| Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | | |
| Net income | $ | 246,451 | | | $ | 40,008 | | | $ | 1,870 | | | $ | 288,329 | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities | 49,996 | | | — | | | 9,740 | | | 59,736 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities allocable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | — | | | (1,913,517) | | | 86,907 | | | (1,826,610) | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Cash flows due to changes in operating assets and liabilities | 18,855 | | | — | | | 183 | | | 19,038 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Cash flows due to changes in operating assets and liabilities allocable to non-controlling interest in Consolidated Funds: | — | | | (29,418) | | | (191,159) | | | (220,577) | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 315,302 | | | (1,902,927) | | | (92,459) | | | (1,680,084) | |
| Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | | | |
| Purchase of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements, net | (12,073) | | | — | | | — | | | (12,073) | |
| | | | | | | |
| Net cash used in investing activities | (12,073) | | | — | | | — | | | (12,073) | |
| Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | | | |
| Proceeds from issuance of Class A common stock | 206,705 | | | — | | | — | | | 206,705 | |
| Proceeds from credit facility | 265,000 | | | — | | | — | | | 265,000 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Repayments of credit facility | (500,000) | | | — | | | — | | | (500,000) | |
| Dividends and distributions | (238,301) | | | — | | | — | | | (238,301) | |
| Series A Preferred Stock dividends | (16,275) | | | — | | | — | | | (16,275) | |
| Repurchases of Class A common stock | (10,449) | | | — | | | — | | | (10,449) | |
| Stock option exercises | 83,090 | | | — | | | — | | | 83,090 | |
| Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards | (32,022) | | | — | | | — | | | (32,022) | |
| Other financing activities | (3,240) | | | — | | | — | | | (3,240) | |
| Allocable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds: | | | | | | | |
| Contributions from non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | — | | | 281,305 | | | (116,415) | | | 164,890 | |
| Distributions to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | — | | | (78,220) | | | 12,645 | | | (65,575) | |
| Borrowings under loan obligations by Consolidated Funds | — | | | 2,487,112 | | | (4,771) | | | 2,482,341 | |
| Repayments under loan obligations by Consolidated Funds | — | | | (595,517) | | | 10,021 | | | (585,496) | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (245,492) | | | 2,094,680 | | | (98,520) | | | 1,750,668 | |
| Effect of exchange rate changes | (15,781) | | | (774) | | | 0 | | | (16,555) | |
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents | 41,956 | | | 190,979 | | | (190,979) | | | 41,956 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 110,247 | | | 384,644 | | | (384,644) | | | 110,247 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 152,203 | | | $ | 575,623 | | | $ | (575,623) | | | $ | 152,203 | |
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Ares Management Corporation
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data and As Otherwise Noted)
16. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company evaluated all events or transactions that occurred after September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 through the date the condensed consolidated financial statements were issued. During this period, the Company had the following material subsequent events that require disclosure:
On April 5, 2021, the Company entered into a Share Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation (“SMBC”). Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to issue and sell to SMBC approximately $250.0 million of the Company’s common stock (consisting of 3,489,911 shares of non-voting common stock and 1,234,200 shares of Class A common stock) at a price per share equal to the public offering price of Class A common stock being offered pursuant to the Offering (as defined below), less underwriting discounts and commissions (the “Private Placement”). The Private Placement closed on April 8, 2021 and resulted in gross proceeds to the Company of approximately $250.0 million before deducting offering expenses.
On April 6, 2021, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell 10,925,000 shares of the Class A common stock (including 1,425,000 shares of Class A common stock sold pursuant to the exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase up to 1,425,000 additional shares of Class A common stock) (collectively, the “Offering”). The Offering closed on April 8, 2021 and resulted in gross proceeds to the Company of approximately $578.2 million before deducting offering expenses.
In October 2020,April 2021, the Company's board of directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.40$0.47 per share of Class A common stock payable on December 31, 2020June 30, 2021 to common stockholders of record at the close of business on December 17, 2020.June 16, 2021.
In October 2020,April 2021, the Company's board of directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.4375 per share of Series A Preferred Stock payable on December 31, 2020June 30, 2021 to preferred stockholders of record at the close of business on DecemberJune 15, 2020.2021.
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Ares Management Corporation is a Delaware corporation. Unless the context otherwise requires, references to “Ares,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and the “Company” are intended to mean the business and operations of Ares Management Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. The following discussion analyzes the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. “Consolidated Funds” refers collectively to certain Ares-affiliatedAres funds, related co-investment entities, CLOs and certain CLOsspecial purpose acquisition companies that are required under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) to be consolidated in our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Additional terms used by the Company are defined in the Glossary and throughout the Management's Discussion and Analysis in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Ares Management Corporation and the related notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited financial statements and the related notes included in the 20192020 Annual Report on Form 10-K of Ares Management Corporation and the related notes.
Amounts and percentages presented throughout our discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations may reflect rounded results in thousands (unless otherwise indicated) and consequently, totals may not appear to sum. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
Trends Affecting Our Business
We believe that our disciplined investment philosophy across our distinct but complementary investment groups contributes to the stability of our performance throughout market cycles. As of September 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, approximately 68%67% of our AUM were in funds with a remaining contractual life of three years or more, approximately 74%73% of our AUM were in funds with an initial duration greater than seven years at time of closing and 90%89% of our management fees were derived from permanent capital vehicles, CLOs and closed end funds. Our funds have a stable base of committed capital enabling us to invest in assets with a long-term focus over different points in a market cycle and to take advantage of market volatility. However, our results of operations, including the fair value of our AUM, are affected by a variety of factors, particularly in the United States and Western Europe, including conditions in the global financial markets and the economic and political environments.
Following a historic decline due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic,Performance across global capital markets continued to rallyduring the quarter was dominated by progress in the third quarter of 2020 as investor sentiment was encouraged by global central bank support,vaccine rollout and accommodative monetary and fiscal support. Despite rate volatility and concerns for elevated inflation, U.S. leveraged credit markets responded favorably to improving economic datagrowth trends and optimism surrounding vaccine development to combat COVID-19. In the U.S., corporate credit spreads continued to tighten amidst larger gainsrollout of additional economic stimulus in the equity markets, economic data showing signsU.S.
U.S. high yield bond spreads tightened into quarter-end as rising commodity prices, a wave of stabilizationrating upgrades and expectations for strong corporate earnings provided a supportive tailwind to the Federal Reserve’s secondary market corporate bond purchasing support programs.asset class. Specifically, the Credit Suisse Leveraged Loan Index ("CSLLI"), a leveraged loan index, returned 4.1% in the third quarter and a negative 0.8% for the year-to-date period, while the ICE BAML High Yield Master II Index, a high yield bond index, returned 4.7%0.9% in the thirdfirst quarter of 2021. Meanwhile, U.S. leveraged loans outperformed bonds, as demand for floating rate instruments increased amid rising rates and strong CLO origination. Specifically, the Credit Suisse Leveraged Loan Index (“CSLLI”), a negative 0.3% forleveraged loan index, returned 2.0% in the year-to-date period.quarter.
European credit markets experienced similar results, as European high yield and leveraged loan markets recoveredrallied alongside its U.S. counterparts, amid encouraging news surrounding the broader global financial markets. Spreads continuedrollout of vaccines and an improving macroeconomic outlook. Slower than expected vaccine distribution due to tighten since the widening seen during March. Performanceproduction issues slightly weighed on performance in March; however, sentiment was drivenbolstered heading into quarter-end by among other things, continued investor confidence in a market revival amidst the European Central Bank’s expansioncommitment to increase the pace of its asset-buying program, which increased bond purchases and extendedPandemic Emergency Purchasing Program. The ICEBAML European Currency High Yield Index returned 1.5% in the purchase horizon. Thefirst quarter of 2021, while the Credit Suisse Western European Leveraged Loan Index returned 2.8% in the third quarter and a negative 1.1% for the year-to-date period, while the ICE BAML European Currency High Yield Index returned 2.6% in the third quarter and a negative 2.5% for the year-to-date period.1.7%.
EquityGlobal equity markets also continued to recover duringfrom the quarter, with year-to-date performance in the U.S. equity markets in positive territory for the first time since the initial onsetlows of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the U.S., theThe S&P 500 returned 8.9% in the third quarterIndex and 5.6% for the year-to-date period. Outside the U.S., the MSCI All Country World ex USA Index returned 6.3% in the third quarterhad positive returns of 6.2% and a negative 5.4%3.5%, respectively, for the year-to-date period.quarter. Private equity market activity remained robust and has accelerated through the quarter, particularly for COVID-19-resilient businesses. Deal activity and valuations continued to rise and were higher in certain sectors, such as technology, amid an increasingly competitive market due to a variety of factors, including pent-up demand following the slowdown in 2020. In light of the highly competitive environment, we believe companies prefer to partner with sponsors who can help add value and navigate the challenging growth landscape.
Corporate performanceWith the European and earnings across many industries continueU.S. economies continuing to be impactedrecover over the quarter, real estate values have increased following declines caused by COVID-19. While certain industries and companies have demonstrated resilience in the current environment, and in some cases, are experiencing positive trends, others have been negatively affected. We believeonset of the market continues to experience a bifurcation between companies that can access the public markets versus those who cannot, creating an opportunity for our funds to provide flexible solutions.
While economies are continuing the gradual re-opening acrossglobal pandemic. The FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Europe and the U.S.FTSE NAREIT All Equity REITs indices returned a negative 0.9% and 7.5%, real estate fundamentals remain depressed followingrespectively, for the widespread lockdowns. Certain indications of asset-level distress have appeared including a rise inquarter. Rents and occupancies for
commercial mortgage backed securities delinquencies, primarily driven by retailcertain property types and hotel properties. At the same time, rent collection rates for industrial, office, and residential properties, bolstered by government stimulus plans,geographies are continuing to exceed expectations.
European and U.S. publicly-traded real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) rose over the third quarter. In the U.S., the FTSE NAREIT All Equity REITs Index returned 0.4% in the third quarter and a negative 14.6%still below where they were for the year-to-date period. In Europe,first quarter of 2020, though the FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Europe Index returned 0.7% foroutlook is improved with the third quarteracceleration of vaccinations and a negative 22.2% forprogress towards the year-to-date period.broader reopening of economies.
Recent Transactions
On July 1, 2020, we completed an acquisition of a majority interest in SSG Capital Holdings Limited and its operating subsidiaries ("SSG") in accordance with the purchase agreement entered into on January 21, 2020 ("SSG Acquisition"). Following the acquisition, SSG began operating under the Ares SSG brand and its results are presented within Strategic Initiatives. Strategic Initiatives represents operating segments and strategic investments that are seeking to broaden our distribution channels or expand our access to global markets.
On SeptemberMarch 30, 2020,2021, a subsidiary of Ares entered into a definitive agreement to acquire all outstanding common shares100% of F&G Reinsurance Ltd (“F&G Re”Landmark Partners, LLC (collectively with its subsidiaries, “Landmark”). F&G Re is, a Bermuda-domiciled lifeleading investment manager focused on the secondary markets. Landmark manages private equity, real estate and annuity reinsurer withinfrastructure secondaries funds totaling approximately $2$18.7 billion in invested assetsAUM as of June 30,December 31, 2020.
In April 2021, Ares sold approximately $250.0 million of common stock, consisting of non-voting common stock and Class A common stock, to Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation in a private offering and approximately $578.2 million of Class A common stock in connection with a public offering.
On April 1, 2021, Ares and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a series of transactions that simplified the organizational structure, including merging Ares Offshore and Ares Investments with and into Ares Holdings, with Ares Holdings surviving. Accordingly, the separate existence of each of Ares Offshore and Ares Investments ceased. Prior to these series of transactions, Ares Offshore and Ares Investments were part of the Ares Operating Group. Following closing, F&G Re expects to continue to operate as a reinsurance company underthese series of transactions, Ares Holdings became the Aspida brand. The transaction is subject to customary closing conditions.sole entity in the Ares Operating Group.
Managing Business Performance
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We use the following non-GAAP measures to assess and track our performance:
•Fee Related Earnings ("FRE")
•Realized Income ("RI")
These non-GAAP financial measures supplement and should be considered in addition to and not in lieu of, the results of operations, which are discussed further under “—Components of Consolidated Results of Operations” and are prepared in accordance with GAAP. For the specific components and calculations of these non-GAAP measures, as well as a reconciliation of these measures to the most comparable measure in accordance with GAAP, see "Note 14. Segment Reporting,” to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Operating Metrics
We monitormeasure our business performance using certain operating metrics that are common to the alternative asset management industry, which are discussed below.
Assets Under Management
AUM refers to the assets we manage and is viewed as a metric to measure our investment and fundraising performance as it reflects assets generally at fair value plus available uncalled capital.
The tables below present rollforwards of our total AUM by segment:
| | | | | ($ in millions) | ($ in millions) | | Credit Group | | Private Equity Group | | Real Estate Group | | Strategic Initiatives | | Total AUM | ($ in millions) | | Credit
Group | | Private Equity Group | | Real Estate
Group | | Strategic Initiatives | | Total AUM |
| Balance at 6/30/2020 | | $ | 117,413 | | | $ | 26,602 | | | $ | 14,395 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 158,410 | | |
| Acquisitions | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 6,871 | | | 6,871 | | |
| Net new par/equity commitments | | 10,111 | | | 475 | | | 26 | | | 190 | | | 10,802 | | |
| Balance at 12/31/2020 | | Balance at 12/31/2020 | | $ | 145,472 | | | $ | 27,439 | | | $ | 14,808 | | | $ | 9,261 | | | $ | 196,980 | |
| Net new par/equity commitments(1) | | Net new par/equity commitments(1) | | 4,519 | | | (21) | | | 730 | | | 700 | | | 5,928 | |
| Net new debt commitments | Net new debt commitments | | 1,701 | | | — | | | 23 | | | — | | | 1,724 | | Net new debt commitments | | 2,543 | | | — | | | 1,880 | | | — | | | 4,423 | |
| Capital reductions | Capital reductions | | (206) | | | (18) | | | (186) | | | — | | | (410) | | Capital reductions | | (545) | | | (2) | | | (232) | | | — | | | (779) | |
| Distributions | Distributions | | (568) | | | (1,066) | | | (161) | | | (122) | | | (1,917) | | Distributions | | (740) | | | (634) | | | (171) | | | (131) | | | (1,676) | |
| Redemptions | Redemptions | | (301) | | | (5) | | | — | | | — | | | (306) | | Redemptions | | (536) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (536) | |
| Change in fund value | Change in fund value | | 3,078 | | | 702 | | | 282 | | | 1 | | | 4,063 | | Change in fund value | | 403 | | | 2,237 | | | 114 | | | 64 | | | 2,818 | |
| Balance at 9/30/2020 | | $ | 131,228 | | | $ | 26,690 | | | $ | 14,379 | | | $ | 6,940 | | | $ | 179,237 | | |
Average AUM(1) | | $ | 124,323 | | | $ | 26,647 | | | $ | 14,388 | | | $ | 6,906 | | | $ | 172,264 | | |
| | Credit Group | | Private Equity Group | | Real Estate Group | | Strategic Initiatives | | Total AUM | |
| Balance at 6/30/2019 | | $ | 105,505 | | | $ | 24,735 | | | $ | 11,868 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 142,108 | | |
| Net new par/equity commitments | | 593 | | | 267 | | | 953 | | | — | | | 1,813 | | |
| Net new debt commitments | | 1,704 | | | 25 | | | — | | | — | | | 1,729 | | |
| Capital reductions | | (320) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (320) | | |
| Distributions | | (542) | | | (80) | | | (331) | | | — | | | (953) | | |
| Redemptions | | (311) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (311) | | |
| Change in fund value | | (327) | | | 568 | | | (9) | | | — | | | 232 | | |
| Balance at 9/30/2019 | | $ | 106,302 | | | $ | 25,515 | | | $ | 12,481 | | | — | | | $ | 144,298 | | |
Average AUM(1) | | $ | 105,905 | | | $ | 25,126 | | | $ | 12,176 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 143,207 | | |
| | (1) Represents a two-point average of quarter-end balances for each period; except for Strategic Initiatives, which represents the average calculated using AUM on the date of the SSG Acquisition and September 30, 2020. | |
| Balance at 3/31/2021 | | Balance at 3/31/2021 | | $ | 151,116 | | | $ | 29,019 | | | $ | 17,129 | | | $ | 9,894 | | | $ | 207,158 | |
Average AUM(2) | | Average AUM(2) | | $ | 148,296 | | | $ | 28,230 | | | $ | 15,970 | | | $ | 9,578 | | | $ | 202,074 | |
| | | Credit Group | | Private Equity Group | | Real Estate Group | | Strategic Initiatives | | Total AUM | | Credit
Group | | Private Equity Group | | Real Estate
Group | | Strategic Initiatives | | Total AUM |
| Balance at 12/31/2019 | Balance at 12/31/2019 | | $ | 110,543 | | | $ | 25,166 | | | $ | 13,207 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 148,916 | | Balance at 12/31/2019 | | $ | 110,543 | | | $ | 25,166 | | | $ | 13,207 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 148,916 | |
| Acquisitions | Acquisitions | | 2,693 | | | — | | | — | | | 6,871 | | | 9,564 | | Acquisitions | | 2,693 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 2,693 | |
| Net new par/equity commitments | Net new par/equity commitments | | 14,257 | | | 5,593 | | | 1,992 | | | 190 | | | 22,032 | | Net new par/equity commitments | | 2,036 | | | 364 | | | 1,560 | | | — | | | 3,960 | |
| Net new debt commitments | Net new debt commitments | | 5,704 | | | — | | | 287 | | | — | | | 5,991 | | Net new debt commitments | | 2,219 | | | — | | | 226 | | | — | | | 2,445 | |
| Capital reductions | Capital reductions | | (350) | | | (133) | | | (222) | | | — | | | (705) | | Capital reductions | | (47) | | | (25) | | | — | | | — | | | (72) | |
| Distributions | Distributions | | (1,905) | | | (3,293) | | | (993) | | | (122) | | | (6,313) | | Distributions | | (632) | | | (1,838) | | | (643) | | | — | | | (3,113) | |
| Redemptions | Redemptions | | (1,592) | | | (5) | | | — | | | — | | | (1,597) | | Redemptions | | (464) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (464) | |
| Change in fund value | Change in fund value | | 1,878 | | | (638) | | | 108 | | | 1 | | | 1,349 | | Change in fund value | | (3,836) | | | (1,652) | | | (238) | | | — | | | (5,726) | |
| Balance at 9/30/2020 | | $ | 131,228 | | | $ | 26,690 | | | $ | 14,379 | | | $ | 6,940 | | | $ | 179,237 | | |
Average AUM(1) | | $ | 117,924 | | | $ | 25,119 | | | $ | 14,024 | | | $ | 6,906 | | | $ | 163,973 | | |
| Balance at 3/31/2020 | | Balance at 3/31/2020 | | $ | 112,512 | | | $ | 22,015 | | | $ | 14,112 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 148,639 | |
Average AUM(2) | | Average AUM(2) | | $ | 111,528 | | | $ | 23,591 | | | $ | 13,660 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 148,779 | |
| | (1) Reallocation of capital among the segments may occur for pools of capital with investment mandates in more than one investment strategy. This reallocation activity is presented within net new par/equity commitments and may result in balances presented to be negative. | | (1) Reallocation of capital among the segments may occur for pools of capital with investment mandates in more than one investment strategy. This reallocation activity is presented within net new par/equity commitments and may result in balances presented to be negative. |
| (2) Represents the quarterly average of beginning and ending balances. | | (2) Represents the quarterly average of beginning and ending balances. |
| | Credit Group | | Private Equity Group | | Real Estate Group | | Strategic Initiatives | | Total AUM | |
| Balance at 12/31/2018 | | $ | 95,836 | | | $ | 23,487 | | | $ | 11,340 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 130,663 | | |
| Net new par/equity commitments | | 5,507 | | | 1,295 | | | 1,569 | | | — | | | 8,371 | | |
| Net new debt commitments | | 8,009 | | | 25 | | | 583 | | | — | | | 8,617 | | |
| Capital reductions | | (1,207) | | | (5) | | | (89) | | | — | | | (1,301) | | |
| Distributions | | (1,628) | | | (1,275) | | | (1,230) | | | — | | | (4,133) | | |
| Redemptions | | (2,060) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (2,060) | | |
| Change in fund value | | 1,845 | | | 1,988 | | | 308 | | | — | | | 4,141 | | |
| Balance at 9/30/2019 | | $ | 106,302 | | | $ | 25,515 | | | $ | 12,481 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 144,298 | | |
Average AUM(1) | | $ | 102,180 | | | $ | 24,379 | | | $ | 11,875 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 138,434 | | |
| | (1) Represents a four-point average of quarter-end balances for each period; except for Strategic Initiatives, which represents the average calculated using AUM on the date of the SSG Acquisition and September 30, 2020. | |
|
The components of our AUM are presented below as of ($ in billions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| AUM: $179.2$207.2 | | AUM: $144.3$148.6 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| FPAUM | | AUM not yet paying fees | | Non-fee paying(1) | | General partner and affiliates |
(1) Includes $8.5$9.1 billion and $7.6$8.0 billion of AUM of funds from which we indirectly earn management fees as of September 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, respectively.
Please refer to “— Results of Operations by Segment” for a more detailed presentation of AUM by segment for each of the periods presented.presented
Fee Paying Assets Under Management
FPAUM refers to AUM from which we directly earn management fees and is equal to the sum of all the individual fee bases of our funds that directly contribute to our management fees.
The tables below present rollforwards of our total FPAUM by segment:
| | | | | | | | | ($ in millions) | ($ in millions) | | Credit Group | | Private Equity Group | | Real Estate Group | | Strategic Initiatives | | Total | ($ in millions) | | Credit
Group | | Private Equity Group | | Real Estate Group | | Strategic Initiatives | | Total |
| FPAUM Balance at 6/30/2020 | | $ | 78,744 | | | $ | 17,473 | | | $ | 9,331 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 105,548 | | |
| Acquisitions | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 4,183 | | | 4,183 | | |
| Commitments | | 323 | | | 210 | | | 43 | | | — | | | 576 | | |
| FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2020 | | FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2020 | | $ | 88,017 | | | $ | 21,172 | | | $ | 10,252 | | | $ | 6,596 | | | $ | 126,037 | |
| Commitments(1) | | Commitments(1) | | 1,585 | | | 79 | | | 496 | | | (231) | | | 1,929 | |
| Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | 2,152 | | | 310 | | | 76 | | | 278 | | | 2,816 | | Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | 4,539 | | | 592 | | | 337 | | | 538 | | | 6,006 | |
| Capital reductions | Capital reductions | | (547) | | | — | | | (2) | | | (22) | | | (571) | | Capital reductions | | (837) | | | — | | | (32) | | | (1) | | | (870) | |
| Distributions | Distributions | | (686) | | | (219) | | | (85) | | | (174) | | | (1,164) | | Distributions | | (1,322) | | | (576) | | | (141) | | | (256) | | | (2,295) | |
| Redemptions | Redemptions | | (281) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (281) | | Redemptions | | (646) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (646) | |
| Change in fund value | Change in fund value | | 1,600 | | | (33) | | | 156 | | | — | | | 1,723 | | Change in fund value | | 279 | | | (1) | | | (92) | | | (20) | | | 166 | |
| Change in fee basis | Change in fee basis | | — | | | (22) | | | (86) | | | 24 | | | (84) | | Change in fee basis | | — | | | (2,739) | | | — | | | — | | | (2,739) | |
| FPAUM Balance at 9/30/2020 | | $ | 81,305 | | | $ | 17,719 | | | $ | 9,433 | | | $ | 4,289 | | | $ | 112,746 | | |
Average FPAUM(1) | | $ | 80,027 | | | $ | 17,596 | | | $ | 9,383 | | | $ | 4,236 | | | $ | 111,242 | | |
| | Credit Group | | Private Equity Group | | Real Estate Group | | Strategic Initiatives | | Total | |
| FPAUM Balance at 6/30/2019 | | $ | 64,763 | | | $ | 17,188 | | | $ | 7,463 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 89,414 | | |
| Commitments | | 690 | | | 161 | | | 426 | | | — | | | 1,277 | | |
| Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | 4,769 | | | 174 | | | 275 | | | — | | | 5,218 | | |
| Capital reductions | | (53) | | | — | | | (74) | | | — | | | (127) | | |
| Distributions | | (621) | | | — | | | (160) | | | — | | | (781) | | |
| Redemptions | | (297) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (297) | | |
| Change in fund value | | (270) | | | (4) | | | (96) | | | — | | | (370) | | |
| Change in fee basis | | — | | | (599) | | | (418) | | | — | | | (1,017) | | |
| FPAUM Balance at 9/30/2019 | | $ | 68,981 | | | $ | 16,920 | | | $ | 7,416 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 93,317 | | |
Average FPAUM(1) | | $ | 66,873 | | | $ | 17,056 | | | $ | 7,440 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 91,369 | | |
| | (1) Represents a two-point average of quarter-end balances for each period; except for Strategic Initiatives, which represents the average calculated using FPAUM on the date of the SSG Acquisition and September 30, 2020. | |
| FPAUM Balance at 3/31/2021 | | FPAUM Balance at 3/31/2021 | | $ | 91,615 | | | $ | 18,527 | | | $ | 10,820 | | | $ | 6,626 | | | $ | 127,588 | |
Average FPAUM(2) | | Average FPAUM(2) | | $ | 89,817 | | | $ | 19,850 | | | $ | 10,537 | | | $ | 6,611 | | | $ | 126,815 | |
| | | Credit Group | | Private Equity Group | | Real Estate Group | | Strategic Initiatives | | Total | | Credit
Group | | Private Equity Group | | Real Estate Group | | Strategic Initiatives | | Total |
| FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2019 | FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2019 | | $ | 71,880 | | | $ | 17,040 | | | $ | 7,963 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 96,883 | | FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2019 | | $ | 71,880 | | | $ | 17,040 | | | $ | 7,963 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 96,883 | |
| Acquisitions | Acquisitions | | 2,596 | | | — | | | — | | | 4,183 | | | 6,779 | | Acquisitions | | 2,596 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 2,596 | |
| Commitments | Commitments | | 2,844 | | | 210 | | | 1,541 | | | — | | | 4,595 | | Commitments | | 1,240 | | | — | | | 1,368 | | | — | | | 2,608 | |
| Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | 9,691 | | | 1,330 | | | 608 | | | 278 | | | 11,907 | | Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | 4,563 | | | 352 | | | 480 | | | — | | | 5,395 | |
| Capital reductions | Capital reductions | | (1,519) | | | — | | | (49) | | | (22) | | | (1,590) | | Capital reductions | | (101) | | | — | | | (11) | | | — | | | (112) | |
| Distributions | Distributions | | (2,866) | | | (801) | | | (394) | | | (174) | | | (4,235) | | Distributions | | (1,031) | | | (367) | | | (226) | | | — | | | (1,624) | |
| Redemptions | Redemptions | | (1,605) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (1,605) | | Redemptions | | (481) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (481) | |
| Change in fund value | Change in fund value | | 324 | | | (39) | | | 161 | | | — | | | 446 | | Change in fund value | | (2,906) | | | (5) | | | (48) | | | — | | | (2,959) | |
| Change in fee basis | Change in fee basis | | (40) | | | (21) | | | (397) | | | 24 | | | (434) | | Change in fee basis | | — | | | — | | | (311) | | | — | | | (311) | |
| FPAUM Balance at 9/30/2020 | | $ | 81,305 | | | $ | 17,719 | | | $ | 9,433 | | | $ | 4,289 | | | $ | 112,746 | | |
Average FPAUM(1) | | $ | 76,922 | | | $ | 17,313 | | | $ | 8,987 | | | $ | 4,236 | | | $ | 107,458 | | |
| FPAUM Balance at 3/31/2020 | | FPAUM Balance at 3/31/2020 | | $ | 75,760 | | | $ | 17,020 | | | $ | 9,215 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 101,995 | |
Average FPAUM(2) | | Average FPAUM(2) | | $ | 73,821 | | | $ | 17,031 | | | $ | 8,590 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 99,442 | |
| | Credit Group | | Private Equity Group | | Real Estate Group | | Strategic Initiatives | | Total | |
| FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2018 | | $ | 57,847 | | | $ | 17,071 | | | $ | 6,952 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 81,870 | | |
| Commitments | | 4,098 | | | 242 | | | 790 | | | — | | | 5,130 | | |
| Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | 11,396 | | | 675 | | | 835 | | | — | | | 12,906 | | |
| Capital reductions | | (1,281) | | | (8) | | | (142) | | | — | | | (1,431) | | |
| Distributions | | (1,793) | | | (462) | | | (503) | | | — | | | (2,758) | | |
| Redemptions | | (2,352) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (2,352) | | |
| Change in fund value | | 1,200 | | | 1 | | | (98) | | | — | | | 1,103 | | |
| Change in fee basis | | (134) | | | (599) | | | (418) | | | — | | | (1,151) | | |
| FPAUM Balance at 9/30/2019 | | $ | 68,981 | | | $ | 16,920 | | | $ | 7,416 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 93,317 | | |
Average FPAUM(1) | | $ | 63,631 | | | $ | 17,125 | | | $ | 7,202 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 87,958 | | |
| | (1) Represents a four-point average of quarter-end balances for each period; except for Strategic Initiatives, which represents the average calculated using FPAUM on the date of the SSG Acquisition and September 30, 2020. | |
| (1) Reallocation of capital among the segments may occur for pools of capital with investment mandates in more than one investment strategy. This reallocation activity is presented within commitments and may result in balances presented to be negative. | | (1) Reallocation of capital among the segments may occur for pools of capital with investment mandates in more than one investment strategy. This reallocation activity is presented within commitments and may result in balances presented to be negative. |
| (2) Represents the quarterly average of beginning and ending balances. | | (2) Represents the quarterly average of beginning and ending balances. |
Please refer to “— Results of Operations by Segment” for detailed information by segment of the activity affecting total FPAUM for each of the periods presented.
The charts below present FPAUM by its fee basis ($ in billions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| FPAUM: $112.7$127.6 | | FPAUM: $93.3$102.0 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Invested capital/other(1) | | Market value(2) | | Collateral balances (at par) | | Capital commitments |
(1)Other consists of ACRE's FPAUM, which is based on ACRE’s stockholders’ equity.
(2)Includes $20.3$24.8 billion and $18.0$20.5 billion from funds that primarily invest in illiquid strategies as of September 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, respectively. The underlying investments held in these funds are generally subject to less market volatility than investments held in liquid strategies.
Incentive Eligible Assets Under Management, Incentive Generating Assets Under Management and Available Capital
IEAUM generally represents the NAV plus uncalled equity or total assets plus uncalled debt, as applicable, of our funds from which we are entitled to receive performance income, excluding capital committed by us and our professionals (from which we generally do not earn performance income). With respect to ARCC's AUM, only ARCC Part II Fees may be generated from IEAUM.
IGAUM generally represents the AUM of our funds that are currently generating performance income on a realized or unrealized basis. It generally represents the NAV or total assets of our funds, as applicable, forbasis on which we are entitled to receive performance income. The basis is typically the NAV or total assets of the fund, excluding amounts on which we do not earn performance income, excludingsuch as capital committed by us and our professionals (from which we generally do not earn performance income).professionals. ARCC is only included in IGAUM when ARCC Part II Fees are being generated.
The charts below present our IEAUM and IGAUM by segment ($ in billions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Credit | | Private Equity | | Real Estate | | Strategic Initiatives |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Credit | | Private Equity | | Real Estate | | Strategic Initiatives |
The charts below present our available capital andAs of March 31, 2021, AUM not yet paying fees by segment ($of $40.2 billion could generate approximately $423.1 million in billions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Credit | | Private Equity | | Real Estate | | Strategic Initiatives |
potential incremental annual management fees, of which $395.7 million relates to $37.6 billion of AUM that is available for future deployment. As of March 31, 2020, AUM not yet paying fees of $23.1 billion could generate approximately $222.3 million in potential incremental annual management fees, of which $199.8 million relates to $21.0 billion of AUM that is available for future deployment.
Management Fees Fund Duration
We view the duration of funds we manage as a metric to measure the stability of our future management fees. For the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, 77% and 82%78%, respectively, of our segment management fees were attributable to funds with three or more years in duration. The charts below present the composition of our segment management fees by the initial fund duration:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Permanent Capital | | 10 or more years | | 7 to 9 years | | 3 to 6 years | | Fewer than 3 years | | Differentiated Managed Accounts(1) | | Managed Accounts |
(1) Differentiated managed accounts have been managed by the Company for longer than three years, are investing in illiquid strategies or are co-investments structured to pay management fees.
Fund Performance Metrics
Fund performance information for our investment funds considered to be “significant funds” is included throughout this discussion with analysis to facilitate an understanding of our results of operations for the periods presented. Our significant funds are thosecommingled funds that contributed at least 1% of our total management fees or represented at least 1% of the Company’s total FPAUM for the past two consecutive reporting periods, and where we have sole discretion for investment decisions within the fund.quarterly periods. In addition to management fees, each of our significant funds may generate performance income upon the achievement of performance hurdles. The fund performance information reflected in this discussion and analysis is not indicative of our overall performance. An investment in Ares is not an investment in any of our funds. Past performance is not indicative of future results. As with any investment, there is always the potential for gains as well as the possibility of losses. There can be no assurance that any of these funds or our other existing and future funds will achieve similar returns.
We do not present fund performance metrics for significant funds with less than two years of investment performance from the date of the fund's first investment, except for those significant funds that pay management fees on invested capital, in which case investment performance will be presented on the earlier of (i) the one-year anniversary of the fund's first investment or (ii) such time that the fund has invested at least 50% of its capital.
To further facilitate an understanding of the impact a significant fund may have on our results, we present our drawdown funds as either funds harvesting investments or funds deploying capital to indicate the fund's stage in its life cycle. A fund harvesting investments indicates a fund is generally not seeking to deploy capital into new investment opportunities, while a fund deploying capital is generally seeking new investment opportunities.
Consolidation and Deconsolidation of Ares Funds
In February 2021, our first sponsored SPAC, Ares Acquisition Corporation (“AAC”), consummated its initial public offering that generated gross proceeds of $1.0 billion. Prior to the completion of a business combination, the sponsor, a wholly owned subsidiary, owns the majority of the Class B ordinary shares outstanding of AAC. We consolidate AAC under the voting interest model and reflect the results of the SPAC as a Consolidated Fund.
Consolidated Funds represented approximately 7% of our AUM as of September 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, 4% of our management fees and less than 1% of our carried interest and incentive fees for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2020.March 31, 2021. As of September 30,March 31, 2021, we consolidated 21 CLOs, nine private funds and one SPAC, and as of March 31, 2020, we consolidated 21 CLOs and seven private funds, and as of September 30, 2019, we consolidated 15 CLOs and eight private funds.
The activity of the Consolidated Funds is reflected within the condensed consolidated financial statement line items indicated by reference thereto. The impact of the Consolidated Funds also typically will decrease management fees, carried interest allocation and incentive fees reported under GAAP to the extent these are eliminated upon consolidation.
The assets and liabilities of our Consolidated Funds are held within separate legal entities and, as a result, the liabilities of our Consolidated Funds are typically non-recourse to us. Generally, the consolidation of our Consolidated Funds has a significant gross-up effect on our assets, liabilities and cash flows but has no net effect on the net income attributable to us or our stockholders' equity. The net economic ownership interests of our Consolidated Funds, to which we have no economic rights, are reflected as redeemable and non-controlling interests in the Consolidated Funds in our condensed consolidated financial statements. Redeemable interest in Consolidated Funds represent the shares issued by AAC that are redeemable for cash by the public shareholders in connection with AAC’s failure to complete a business combination or tender offer associated with stockholder approval provisions.
We generally deconsolidate funds and CLOs when we are no longer deemed to have a controlling interest in the entity. During the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2021, we did not deconsolidate any entities and during the three months ended March 31, 2020, we deconsolidated one entity was liquidated/dissolved and no entities experiencedas a significant change in ownership that resulted in deconsolidationresult of the fund or CLO during each of the periods. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, two entities were liquidated/dissolved and two entities experienced a significant change in ownership that resulted in deconsolidation of the fund or CLO during each of the periods.liquidation/dissolution.
The performance of our Consolidated Funds is not necessarily consistent with, or representative of, the combined performance trends of all of our funds.
For the actual impact that consolidation had on our results and further discussion on consolidation and deconsolidation of funds, see “Note 15. Consolidation” to our condensed consolidated financial statements included herein.
Results of Operations
Consolidated Results of Operations
We consolidate funds and entities where we are deemed to hold a controlling financial interest. The Consolidated Funds are not necessarily the same entities in each year presented due to changes in ownership, changes in limited partners' or investor rights, and the creation and termination of funds.funds and entities. The consolidation of these funds and entities had no effect on net income attributable to us for the periods presented. As such, we separate the analysis of the Consolidated Funds and evaluate that activity in total. The following table and discussion sets forth information regarding our consolidated results of operations:
| | | | Three months ended September 30, | | Favorable (Unfavorable) | | Nine months ended September 30, | | Favorable (Unfavorable) | | | Three months ended March 31, | | Favorable (Unfavorable) |
| ($ in thousands) | ($ in thousands) | 2020 | | 2019 | | $ Change | | % Change | | 2020 | | 2019 | | $ Change | | % Change | ($ in thousands) | | 2021 | | 2020 | | $ Change | | % Change |
| Revenues | Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Revenues | | | | | | | | |
| Management fees (includes ARCC Part I Fees of $41,643, $126,872 and $38,786, $116,336 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively) | $ | 292,434 | | | $ | 251,591 | | | $ | 40,843 | | | 16 | % | | $ | 823,150 | | | $ | 714,096 | | | $ | 109,054 | | | 15 | % | |
| Management fees | | Management fees | | $ | 320,273 | | | $ | 263,849 | | | $ | 56,424 | | | 21 | % |
| Carried interest allocation | Carried interest allocation | 168,978 | | | 186,803 | | | (17,825) | | | (10) | | 241,380 | | | 503,808 | | | (262,428) | | | (52) | Carried interest allocation | | 297,535 | | | (230,876) | | | 528,411 | | | NM |
| Incentive fees | Incentive fees | 7,194 | | | 1,712 | | | 5,482 | | | NM | | 4,276 | | | 28,747 | | | (24,471) | | | (85) | Incentive fees | | 2,820 | | | (3,249) | | | 6,069 | | | NM |
| Principal investment income | 11,408 | | | 11,389 | | | 19 | | | 0 | | 8,330 | | | 45,992 | | | (37,662) | | | (82) | |
| Principal investment income (loss) | | Principal investment income (loss) | | 25,100 | | | (26,723) | | | 51,823 | | | NM |
| Administrative, transaction and other fees | Administrative, transaction and other fees | 9,852 | | | 14,995 | | | (5,143) | | | (34) | | 28,897 | | | 35,866 | | | (6,969) | | | (19) | Administrative, transaction and other fees | | 12,660 | | | 10,408 | | | 2,252 | | | 22 |
| Total revenues | Total revenues | 489,866 | | | 466,490 | | | 23,376 | | | 5 | | 1,106,033 | | | 1,328,509 | | | (222,476) | | | (17) | Total revenues | | 658,388 | | | 13,409 | | | 644,979 | | | NM |
| Expenses | Expenses | | | | | | | | | Expenses | | | | | |
| Compensation and benefits | Compensation and benefits | 194,267 | | | 166,216 | | | (28,051) | | | (17) | | 559,482 | | | 485,232 | | | (74,250) | | | (15) | Compensation and benefits | | 231,850 | | | 180,084 | | | (51,766) | | | (29) |
| Performance related compensation | Performance related compensation | 122,356 | | | 139,216 | | | 16,860 | | | 12 | | 191,565 | | | 388,424 | | | 196,859 | | | 51 | Performance related compensation | | 221,432 | | | (167,899) | | | (389,331) | | | NM |
| General, administrative and other expenses | General, administrative and other expenses | 69,938 | | | 79,385 | | | 9,447 | | | 12 | | 190,353 | | | 195,988 | | | 5,635 | | | 3 | General, administrative and other expenses | | 67,656 | | | 62,331 | | | (5,325) | | | (9) |
| | Expenses of Consolidated Funds | Expenses of Consolidated Funds | 6,019 | | | 10,884 | | | 4,865 | | | 45 | | 16,706 | | | 30,865 | | | 14,159 | | | 46 | Expenses of Consolidated Funds | | 4,171 | | | 7,443 | | | 3,272 | | | 44 |
| Total expenses | Total expenses | 392,580 | | | 395,701 | | | 3,121 | | | 1 | | 958,106 | | | 1,100,509 | | | 142,403 | | | 13 | Total expenses | | 525,109 | | | 81,959 | | | (443,150) | | | NM |
| Other income (expense) | Other income (expense) | | | | | | | | | Other income (expense) | | | | | |
| Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments | Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments | (2,607) | | | 1,522 | | | (4,129) | | | NM | | (10,351) | | | 5,519 | | | (15,870) | | | NM | Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments | | 5,433 | | | (8,034) | | | 13,467 | | | NM |
| Interest and dividend income | Interest and dividend income | 1,344 | | | 2,030 | | | (686) | | | (34) | | 5,112 | | | 5,526 | | | (414) | | | (7) | Interest and dividend income | | 960 | | | 1,790 | | | (830) | | | (46) |
| Interest expense | Interest expense | (6,815) | | | (4,691) | | | (2,124) | | | (45) | | (18,203) | | | (16,073) | | | (2,130) | | | (13) | Interest expense | | (6,695) | | | (5,306) | | | (1,389) | | | (26) |
| Other income (expense), net | Other income (expense), net | 2,203 | | | (1,870) | | | 4,073 | | | NM | | 9,848 | | | (1,570) | | | 11,418 | | | NM | Other income (expense), net | | (4,149) | | | 5,464 | | | (9,613) | | | NM |
| Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments of Consolidated Funds | Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments of Consolidated Funds | 17,971 | | | (992) | | | 18,963 | | | NM | | (153,268) | | | 3,256 | | | (156,524) | | | NM | Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments of Consolidated Funds | | 16,422 | | | (254,761) | | | 271,183 | | | NM |
| Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds | Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds | 116,581 | | | 107,922 | | | 8,659 | | | 8 | | 346,120 | | | 303,312 | | | 42,808 | | | 14 | Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds | | 115,839 | | | 113,225 | | | 2,614 | | | 2 |
| Interest expense of Consolidated Funds | Interest expense of Consolidated Funds | (66,322) | | | (71,134) | | | 4,812 | | | 7 | | (222,860) | | | (204,051) | | | (18,809) | | | (9) | Interest expense of Consolidated Funds | | (71,025) | | | (80,241) | | | 9,216 | | | 11 |
| Total other income (expense) | Total other income (expense) | 62,355 | | | 32,787 | | | 29,568 | | | 90 | | (43,602) | | | 95,919 | | | (139,521) | | | NM | Total other income (expense) | | 56,785 | | | (227,863) | | | 284,648 | | | NM |
| Income before taxes | 159,641 | | | 103,576 | | | 56,065 | | | 54 | | 104,325 | | | 323,919 | | | (219,594) | | | (68) | |
| Income tax expense | 18,314 | | | 11,701 | | | (6,613) | | | (57) | | 22,119 | | | 35,590 | | | 13,471 | | | 38 | |
| Net income | 141,327 | | | 91,875 | | | 49,452 | | | 54 | | 82,206 | | | 288,329 | | | (206,123) | | | (71) | |
| Less: Net loss attributable to redeemable interest in Ares Operating Group entities | (1,007) | | | — | | | (1,007) | | | NM | | (1,007) | | | — | | | (1,007) | | | NM | |
| Income (loss) before taxes | | Income (loss) before taxes | | 190,064 | | | (296,413) | | | 486,477 | | | NM |
| Income tax expense (benefit) | | Income tax expense (benefit) | | 25,754 | | | (20,616) | | | (46,370) | | | NM |
| Net income (loss) | | Net income (loss) | | 164,310 | | | (275,797) | | | 440,107 | | | NM |
| | Less: Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | Less: Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | 42,627 | | | 15,908 | | | 26,719 | | | 168 | | (38,593) | | | 41,878 | | | (80,471) | | | NM | Less: Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | | 49,858 | | | (166,406) | | | 216,264 | | | NM |
| Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in Ares Operating Group entities | 52,162 | | | 42,636 | | | 9,526 | | | 22 | | 48,926 | | | 136,032 | | | (87,106) | | | (64) | |
| Net income attributable to Ares Management Corporation | 47,545 | | | 33,331 | | | 14,214 | | | 43 | | 72,880 | | | 110,419 | | | (37,539) | | | (34) | |
| Net income (loss) attributable to Ares Operating Group entities | | Net income (loss) attributable to Ares Operating Group entities | | 114,452 | | | (109,391) | | | 223,843 | | | NM |
| Less: Net income attributable to redeemable interest in Ares Operating Group entities | | Less: Net income attributable to redeemable interest in Ares Operating Group entities | | 32 | | | — | | | 32 | | | NM |
| Less: Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in Ares Operating Group entities | | Less: Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in Ares Operating Group entities | | 56,042 | | | (78,355) | | | 134,397 | | | NM |
| Net income (loss) attributable to Ares Management Corporation | | Net income (loss) attributable to Ares Management Corporation | | 58,378 | | | (31,036) | | | 89,414 | | | NM |
| Less: Series A Preferred Stock dividends paid | Less: Series A Preferred Stock dividends paid | 5,425 | | | 5,425 | | | — | | | — | | 16,275 | | | 16,275 | | | — | | | — | Less: Series A Preferred Stock dividends paid | | 5,425 | | | 5,425 | | | — | | | — |
| Net income attributable to Ares Management Corporation Class A common stockholders | $ | 42,120 | | | $ | 27,906 | | | 14,214 | | | 51 | | $ | 56,605 | | | $ | 94,144 | | | (37,539) | | | (40) | |
| Net income (loss) attributable to Ares Management Corporation Class A common stockholders | | Net income (loss) attributable to Ares Management Corporation Class A common stockholders | | $ | 52,953 | | | $ | (36,461) | | | 89,414 | | | NM |
NM - Not Meaningful
Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 Compared to Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019March 31, 2020
Consolidated Results of Operations of the Company
Management Fees. Total managementManagement fees increased by $40.8$56.4 million, or 16%21%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and by $109.1 million, or 15%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019.March 31, 2020. The increases wereincrease was primarily due to the Credit Group, driven by an increase in ARCC Part I Fees and by higher FPAUM from capital deployments in direct lending funds. InManagement fees also increased by $17.5 million in connection with the acquisition of SSG Acquisition, management fees increased(“SSG Acquisition”) that occurred in the third quarter of 2020 and by $16.7$1.7 million in connection with the acquisition of which our proportionate share is includedF&G Reinsurance Ltd (“F&G Re”) that occurred in Strategic Initiatives.the fourth quarter of 2020. For detail regarding the fluctuations of management fees within each of our segments see “—Results of Operations by Segment.”
Carried Interest Allocation. Carried interest allocation decreasedincreased by $17.8$528.4 million or 10%,to $297.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and by $262.4 million, or 52%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019.March 31, 2020. The activity was principally composed of the following:
| | | | ($ in millions) | ($ in millions) | Three months ended September 30, 2020 | Primary Drivers | | Three months ended September 30, 2019 | Primary Drivers | ($ in millions) | Three months ended March 31, 2021 | Primary Drivers | | Three months ended March 31, 2020 | Primary Drivers |
| Credit funds | Credit funds | $ | 62.9 | | Four direct lending funds and one alternative credit fund with $11.1 billion of IGAUM generating returns in excess of their hurdle rates. Ares Private Credit Solutions, L.P. ("PCS") and Ares Capital Europe IV L.P. ("ACE IV") generated carried interest allocation of $19.4 million and $17.6 million, respectively, that was driven by net investment income on an increasing invested capital base. An alternative credit fund generated carried interest allocation of $9.7 million primarily driven by net investment income during the period. Ares Capital Europe III, L.P. (“ACE III”) generated carried interest allocation of $9.4 million primarily due to a partial recovery of unrealized losses related to market volatility driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. | | $ | 25.2 | | 10 direct lending funds with $8.9 billion of IGAUM generating returns in excess of their hurdle rates, primarily from PCS, ACE III and ACE IV that generated $7.2 million, $5.5 million and $14.0 million of carried interest allocation during the period, respectively.
| Credit funds | $ | 85.6 | | Four direct lending funds and one alternative credit fund with $11.7 billion of IGAUM generating returns in excess of their hurdle rates, primarily consisting of: $15.5 million from Ares Private Credit Solutions, L.P. ("PCS"), $27.9 million from Ares Capital Europe IV, L.P. ("ACE IV") and $12.0 million from Ares Pathfinder Fund, L.P. (“Pathfinder”). The carried interest allocation generated by these funds was driven by net investment income on an increasing invested capital base. In addition, Ares Capital Europe III, L.P. ("ACE III") generated carried interest allocation of $9.5 million primarily driven by net investment income during the period. | | $ | (27.5) | | Four direct lending funds with $10.2 billion of IGAUM generating lower returns due to market volatility driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, primarily from ACE III and Ares Private Credit Solutions, L.P. ("PCS") that led to the reversal of unrealized carried interest allocation of $7.8 million and $18.2 million during the period, respectively. Ares Capital Europe IV, L.P. ("ACE IV") generated $4.6 million of carried interest allocation during the period. |
| Private equity funds | Private equity funds | 82.0 | | Ares Corporate Opportunities Fund IV, L.P. ("ACOF IV") generated carried interest allocation of $43.7 million primarily driven by market appreciation of its investment in The AZEK Company ("AZEK") following its initial public offering. In addition, market appreciation across several investments generated carried interest allocation of $24.2 million for Ares Special Opportunities Fund, L.P. ("ASOF"). The market appreciation was driven by the recovery of investment valuations from the market lows from the COVID-19 pandemic. | | 146.3 | | Market appreciation across several Ares Corporate Opportunities Fund V, L.P. ("ACOF V") portfolio companies; and market appreciation of ACOF III investments in Floor & Decor Holdings, Inc. ("FND") and a professional service company resulting from a pending sale of the company which closed in the fourth quarter of 2019. | Private equity funds | 188.8 | | Ares Corporate Opportunities Fund IV, L.P. ("ACOF IV") generated carried interest allocation of $105.8 million primarily due to market appreciation of its investment in The AZEK Company (“AZEK”) following its initial public offering. In addition, market appreciation across several investments generated carried interest allocation of $43.3 million from Ares Special Opportunities Fund, L.P. (“ASOF”) and $18.4 million from our sixth flagship corporate private equity fund. | | (194.4) | | Market depreciation across several investments that led to the reversal of unrealized carried interest allocation of $49.0 million from Ares Corporate Opportunities Fund III, L.P. (“ACOF III”), $23.7 million from ACOF IV, $75.1 million from Ares Corporate Opportunities Fund V, L.P. (“ACOF V”) and $27.4 million from Ares Energy Opportunities Fund, L.P. ("AEOF"). The market depreciation was driven by the extreme market volatility from the COVID-19 pandemic and the energy market dislocation. |
| Real estate funds | Real estate funds | 24.1 | | Market appreciation from properties within real estate equity funds that was driven by the recovery of valuations from the market lows from the COVID-19 pandemic, primarily from two of our U.S. real estate equity funds and Ares European Real Estate Fund IV, L.P. ("EF IV") in the amount of $9.1 million and $11.2 million, respectively. | | 15.3 | | Market appreciation from multiple properties within three of our U.S. real estate equity funds, EF IV and a certain European real estate equity fund. | Real estate funds | 22.8 | | Market appreciation from properties within real estate equity funds, primarily driven by gains generated across several industrial and multi-family assets, generated carried interest allocation of $9.2 million from US Real Estate Fund IX, L.P. ("US IX") and $8.1 million from US Real Estate Fund VIII. | | (9.0) | | Market depreciation from multiple properties within real estate equity funds that led to the reversal of unrealized carried interest allocation primarily from US IX and Ares European Real Estate Fund IV, L.P. ("EF IV") in the amount of $6.8 million and $9.0 million for the period, respectively, offset by gains generated in multiple funds from the monetization of a pan-European logistics portfolio. |
| | Strategic initiatives funds | | Strategic initiatives funds | 0.3 | | Market appreciation of investments in an Asian secured lending fund. | | — | | No activity. |
| Carried interest allocation | Carried interest allocation | $ | 169.0 | | | $ | 186.8 | | | Carried interest allocation | $ | 297.5 | | | $ | (230.9) | | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| ($ in millions) | Nine months ended September 30, 2020 | Primary Drivers | | Nine months ended September 30, 2019 | Primary Drivers |
| Credit funds | $ | 77.9 | | Four direct lending funds and one alternative credit fund with $8.9 billion of IGAUM generating returns in excess of their hurdle rates. PCS and ACE IV generated carried interest allocation of $25.7 million and $34.1 million, respectively, driven by net investment income on an increasing invested capital base that was partially offset by net unrealized losses on investments that were primarily incurred during the first quarter of 2020 due to the market volatility driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. An alternative credit fund generated carried interest allocation of $10.1 million primarily driven by net investment income during the period. | | $ | 97.9 | | 10 direct lending funds with $8.9 billion of IGAUM generating returns in excess of their hurdle rates, primarily from PCS, ACE III and ACE IV that generated $23.6 million, $25.4 million and $33.7 million of carried interest allocation during the period, respectively. |
| Private equity funds | 152.6 | | ACOF IV generated carried interest allocation of $199.7 million primarily due to market appreciation of its investment in AZEK following its initial public offering. In addition, market appreciation across several investments generated carried interest allocation of $53.1 million for ASOF. Market depreciation across several investments led to the reversal of unrealized carried interest allocation of $75.1 million for ACOF V and $27.4 million for Ares Energy Opportunities Fund, L.P. ("AEOF"). The market depreciation for investments of these funds was driven by depressed prices in the energy market. | | 355.5 | | Market appreciation of ACOF III's investments in FND and a professional service company resulting from a pending sale of this company; increased fair value of ACOF IV investment in a professional services company resulting from a pending sale of the company which closed in the fourth quarter of 2019; and market appreciation across several ACOF IV and ACOF V portfolio companies. |
| Real estate funds | 10.9 | | Market appreciation from properties within real estate equity funds that was driven by the recovery of valuations from the market lows from the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, there were gains generated in multiple funds resulting from the sale of a pan-European logistics portfolio at a higher price than the December 31, 2019 price. This activity was offset by net market depreciation that led to the reversal of unrealized carried interest allocation, primarily from US Real Estate Fund IX, L.P. ("US IX") and EF IV in the amount of $6.8 million and $4.6 million, respectively. | | 50.4 | | Market appreciation from multiple properties within four of our U.S. real estate equity funds, EF IV and three European real estate equity funds.
|
| | | | | |
| Carried interest allocation | $ | 241.4 | | | | $ | 503.8 | | |
Incentive Fees. Incentive fees increased by $5.5$6.1 million to $2.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and decreased by $24.5 million, or 85%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019.March 31, 2020: The activity was principally composed of the following:
| | | | ($ in millions) | ($ in millions) | Three months ended September 30, 2020 | Primary Drivers | | Three months ended September 30, 2019 | Primary Drivers | ($ in millions) | Three months ended March 31, 2021 | Primary Drivers | | Three months ended March 31, 2020 | Primary Drivers |
| Credit funds | Credit funds | $ | 7.2 | | An alternative credit fund with incentive fees that crystallized during the period. | | $ | 1.0 | | An alternative credit fund and a direct lending fund with incentive fees that crystallized during the period. | Credit funds | $ | 2.2 | | Two direct lending funds with incentive fees that crystallized during the period. | | $ | (3.2) | | One-time reversal of incentive fees following management's decision to extend the measurement period after the fees were crystallized. |
| Real estate funds | Real estate funds | — | | No activity | | 0.7 | | Incentive fees generated from a real estate debt fund. | Real estate funds | 0.7 | | Incentive fees generated from ACRE. | | — | | No activity |
| Incentive fees | Incentive fees | $ | 7.2 | | | $ | 1.7 | | | Incentive fees | $ | 2.8 | | | $ | (3.2) | | |
| | ($ in millions) | Nine months ended September 30, 2020 | Primary Drivers | | Nine months ended September 30, 2019 | Primary Drivers | |
| Credit funds | $ | 4.0 | | An alternative credit fund with incentive fees that crystallized during the period, offset by a one-time reversal of incentive fees following management's decision to extend the measurement period after the fees were crystallized. | | $ | 28.0 | | 16 direct lending funds with incentive fees that crystallized during the period. | |
| Real estate funds | 0.3 | | Incentive fees generated from a real estate debt fund. | | 0.7 | | Incentive fees generated from a real estate debt fund. | |
| Incentive fees | $ | 4.3 | | | $ | 28.7 | | | |
Principal Investment Income.Income (Loss). Principal investment income decreased(loss) increased by $37.7$51.8 million or 82%,from a loss of $26.7 million for the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2020 compared to income of $25.1 million for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2019.March 31, 2021. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused extreme volatility during 2020.activity for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was primarily driven by market appreciation of ACOF IV’s investment in AZEK and of various investments in ACOF III and our sixth flagship corporate private equity fund. The global equity and credit markets experienced significant downturns in the first quarter of 2020 that were largely, but not fully, offset bydue to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and to the energy market dislocation, leading to a recoverybroad decrease in valuations in the secondprior year period.
Administrative, Transaction and third quarters. TheOther Fees. Administrative, transaction and other fees increased by $2.3 million, or 22%, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 also included gains from a higher fair value of our investments in ACOF IV primarily fromMarch 31, 2021 compared to the market appreciation and partial sale of AZEK and in an infrastructure and power fund primarily from the market appreciation and sale of an investment in a wind project. The three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 included gains from a higher fair value of our investment in ACOF IV largelyMarch 31, 2020. The increase during the current year period was primarily driven by the pending sale of ACOF IV's investmenthigher transaction fees for certain funds in National Veterinary Associates ("NVA"), which closed in the first quarter of 2020. The nine months ended September 30, 2019 also included gains from a higher fair value of our investment in ACOF III predominantly from the market appreciation of FND.Credit Group that increased with originations.
Compensation and Benefits. Compensation and benefits increased by $28.1$51.8 million, or 17%29%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and by $74.3 million, or 15%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019.March 31, 2020. The increases wereincrease was primarily driven by headcount growth,and merit increases, by higher incentive compensation attributable to improved operating performance and margin expansion from scaling our business,, and by equity compensation increases for the comparative periods.period. Average headcount for the year-to-date period increased by 20%17% to 1,3361,460 professionals for the 2020 periodfirst quarter of 2021 from 1,1151,251 professionals for the same period in the prior year.2020.
Equity compensation expense increased by $7.9 million and $17.6$23.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared to the ninethree months ended September 30, 2019, respectively,March 31, 2020 primarily due to additional performance-based restricted units granted to certain executive officers in the first quarter of 2021 and to the approval of awards to these executive officers, as well as to certain other senior leaders, that will be granted during the first quarter of 2022, 2023 and 2024. These awards increased expense by $18.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021. Additional expense was incurred from an increase fromin recurring, discretionary merit-based awards of $4.7 million and $13.5 million for the three and nine month comparative period. Additional expense incurred from restricted units awarded as part of the annual bonus program increased by $2.7$6.6 million and $9.0$2.1 million, for therespectively. The three and nine month comparative period, driven by headcount growth and a change in vesting schedule from a four-year service period to a three-year service period. The nine month period alsomonths ended March 31, 2020 included $3.7 million of accelerated expense from the vesting of certain restricted units granted to our Chief Executive Officer as a result of the achievementachieving one of the firstapplicable performance condition and a reduction of $8.3 million of expense resulting from the final vesting of the initial public offering awards in the second quarter of 2019.conditions.
For detail regarding the fluctuations of compensation and benefits within each of our segments see “—Results of Operations by Segment."
Performance Related Compensation. Performance related compensation decreasedincreased by $16.9$389.3 million or 12%,to $221.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and by $196.9 million, or
51%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019.March 31, 2020. Changes in performance related compensation are directly associated with the changes in carried interest allocation and incentive fees described above.
General, Administrative and Other Expenses. General, administrative and other expenses decreasedincreased by $9.4$5.3 million, or 12%9%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and by $5.6 million, or 3%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019.March 31, 2020. The decreaseincrease was primarily driven by the non-cash impairment chargea net increase of $20.0$9.6 million that was recognized during the third quarter of 2019 related to certain intangible assets that were recorded as part of our acquisition of the Energy Investor Funds, offset by additionalin amortization expense of $8.9 millionincurred in 2021 when compared to 2020 related to the intangible assets that were recorded as part ofin connection with the SSG Acquisition during the third quartersecond half of 2020 and by higher professional service fees of $5.5 million during the current year, largely as a result of due diligence and legal expenses related to certain strategic initiatives. Certain expenses have also increased during the current period, including occupancy costs to support our growing headcount and information services and information technology to support the expansion of our business. Collectively, these expenses increased by $2.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 when compared to the same period in 2020.
The three and nine month comparative periods were bothmonths ended March 31, 2021 continued to be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic that began at the end of the first quarter of 2020 and resulted in a decrease in certain operating expenses. During the second and thirdfirst quarter of 2020,2021, our operating expenses were impacted by limitations in certain business activities, most notably travel, entertainment and marketing sponsorships, and by certain office services and fringe benefits from the modified remote working environment. Collectively, these expenses decreased by $7.6 million and $14.1$8.8 million for the quarterly and year-to-date periodsthree months ended September 30, 2020, respectively,March 31, 2021, when compared to the same periodsperiod in 2019.
Certain expenses2020. While there have also increased during the current periods, including occupancy costs to support our growing headcount, information servicesbeen positive developments that have resulted in a reduction in travel and communication costs to support the expansion of our business and information technology to support our modified remote working environment. Collectively, these expenses increased by $3.2 million and $7.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2019. During the third quarter of 2020, we also recorded $3.8 million in one-time expenses related to expense concessions made to a limited number of funds. Placement fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 also increased by $5.8 million primarily due to new commitments to our third U.S. opportunistic real estate equity fund and fifth flagship European direct lending fund.
During the second quarter of 2020, we received insurance proceeds of $2.5 million in connection with the previously disclosed SEC matter. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded net expenses of $1.0 million in connection with this matter that included a civil penalty of $1.0 million.
Whilegathering restrictions, the timing of recovery is uncertain, we expectuncertain. We anticipate that future periods will continue to be impacted similarly until we return to pre-pandemic working conditions. Those operating expenses that were impacted by the pandemic are expected to increase throughout the year, particularly with marketing sponsorships and events that have been postponed to future periods in 2021.
Net Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments. Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments decreasedincreased by $4.1$13.5 million tofrom a $2.6$8.0 million loss for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2020 compared to a $5.4 million gain for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and by $15.9 million to a $10.4 million loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019.March 31, 2021. The activity for the three months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 was primarily attributable to unrealized losses ofgains on certain strategic initiative related investments. The unrealized loss was partially offset by unrealized gains from CLO securities due to prices rebounding from the market lows that were driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. The activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily attributable to an unrealized loss from market depreciation of properties held by an investment vehicle ininvestments and on our U.S. real estate equity strategy, to net unrealized losses from CLO securities driven by the COVID-19 pandemic and unrealized losses of certain strategic initiative related investments. The activity in the prior year period was primarily attributable to net gainslosses from CLO securities that rebounded frominvestments due to market volatility driven by the market dislocation at the end of 2018 and from our foreign currency forward contracts to hedge against foreign currency exchange rate risk on certain non-U.S. dollar denominated cash flows.
Interest Expense. Interest expense increased by $2.1$1.4 million, or 45%26%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and by $2.1 million, or 13%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019.March 31, 2020. The issuance of the 2030 Senior Notes late in the second quarter of 2020 increased interest expense by $3.4 million and $4.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.March 31, 2021. The increase was partially offset by a lower average outstanding balance of the Credit Facility during 2020 whenin the current year period compared to 2019.the prior year period.
Other Income (Expense), Net. Other income (expense), net is principally composed of transaction gains (losses) associated with currency fluctuations for our businesses domiciled outside of the U.S. and is based on the fluctuations in currency exchange rates primarily betweenamong the U.S. dollar, against the British pound and the Euro.
Income Tax Expense.Expense (Benefit) Ares Management Corporation ("AMC") is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes and is subject to U.S. federal, state and local corporate income taxes at the entity level on its share of net taxable income. In addition, the AOG entities and certain of AMC's subsidiaries operate in the United States as partnerships or disregarded entities
for U.S. federal income tax purposes and as corporate entities in certain non-U.S. jurisdictions. These entities, in some cases, are subject to U.S. state or local income taxes or non-U.S. income taxes. Our effective tax rate is impacted by AMC’s net taxable income and the applicable U.S. federal, state and local income taxes as well as, in some cases, non-U.S. income taxes. Net taxable income is based on AMC’s ownership of the AOG entities and special allocations for preferred units corresponding to the Preferred Stock. As such, our effective tax rate will be directly impacted by changes in AMC’s ownership of the AOG entities and changes to statutory rates in the United States and other non-U.S. jurisdictions and, to a lesser extent, income taxes that are recorded for certain affiliated funds and co-investment entities that are consolidated in our financial results.
Income tax expense (benefit) increased by $6.6$46.4 million or 57%,from income tax benefit of $20.6 million for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2020 compared to income tax expense of $25.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and decreased by $13.5 million, or 38%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019.March 31, 2021. The changeschange in the comparative periods areperiod is primarily a result of taxable netan increases in income allocable to AMC.before taxes and weighted average daily ownership. The weighted average daily ownership for AMC common stockholders increased from 48.2% and 47.5%50.4% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019March 31, 2020 to 55.6% and 53.3%57.1% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.March 31, 2021. The increases were primarily driven by the issuance of Class A common stock in connection with stock option exercises, vesting of restricted stock awards and the issuance of stock in connection with the SSG Acquisition and by our Offering that occurred after September 30, 2019.March 31, 2020.
Redeemable and Non-Controlling Interests. Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable and non-controlling interests in AOG entities represents results attributable to the owners of AOG Units that are not held by AMC. In connection with the SSG Acquisition, the former owners of SSG retained an ownership interest in certain AOG entities that is reflected as redeemable interest in AOG entities. Net lossincome attributable to redeemable interest in AOG entities is allocated based on the ownership percentage for periods presented.
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in AOG entities is generally allocated based on the weighted average daily ownership of the other AOG unitholders, except for income (loss) generated from certain joint venture partnerships. Net income (loss) is allocated to other strategic distribution partners with whom we have established joint ventures based on the respective ownership percentages and to Crestline Denali Class B membership interests based on the activity of those financial interests. For the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020, net income of $2.9 million and net loss of $12.3$0.5 million and $19.6 million, respectively, was also allocated to the Crestline Denali Class B membership interests related to the gains and losses from those CLO securities held.
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in Ares Operating GroupAOG entities increased by $9.5$134.4 million or 22%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and decreased by $87.1 million, or 64%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019.March 31, 2020. The changeschange in the comparative periods areperiod is a result of the respective changes in income before taxes and weighted average daily ownership. TheWhile income before taxes increased, the weighted average daily ownership for the non-controlling AOG unitholders decreased from 51.8% and 52.5%49.6% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019March 31, 2020 to 44.4% and 46.7%42.9% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Consolidated Results of Operations of the Consolidated Funds
The following table presents the results of operations of the Consolidated Funds:
| | | | | | Three months ended September 30, | Favorable (Unfavorable) | | Nine months ended September 30, | | | Favorable (Unfavorable) | | | | Three months ended March 31, | | | Favorable (Unfavorable) | |
| ($ in thousands) | ($ in thousands) | | 2020 | | 2019 | | $ Change | | % Change | | 2020 | | 2019 | | | $ Change | | % Change | | ($ in thousands) | | 2021 | | 2020 | | | $ Change | | % Change | |
| Expenses of the Consolidated Funds | Expenses of the Consolidated Funds | | $ | (6,019) | | | $ | (10,884) | | | $ | 4,865 | | | 45 | % | | $ | (16,706) | | | $ | (30,865) | | | | $ | 14,159 | | | 46 | % | | Expenses of the Consolidated Funds | | $ | (4,171) | | | $ | (7,443) | | | | $ | 3,272 | | | 44 | % | |
| Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments of Consolidated Funds | Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments of Consolidated Funds | | 17,971 | | | (992) | | | 18,963 | | | NM | | (153,268) | | | 3,256 | | | | (156,524) | | | NM | | Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments of Consolidated Funds | | 16,422 | | | (254,761) | | | | 271,183 | | | NM | |
| Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds | Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds | | 116,581 | | | 107,922 | | | 8,659 | | | 8 | | 346,120 | | | 303,312 | | | | 42,808 | | | 14 | | Interest and other income of Consolidated Funds | | 115,839 | | | 113,225 | | | | 2,614 | | | 2 | |
| Interest expense of Consolidated Funds | Interest expense of Consolidated Funds | | (66,322) | | | (71,134) | | | 4,812 | | | 7 | | (222,860) | | | (204,051) | | | | (18,809) | | | (9) | | Interest expense of Consolidated Funds | | (71,025) | | | (80,241) | | | | 9,216 | | | 11 | |
| Income (loss) before taxes | Income (loss) before taxes | | 62,211 | | | 24,912 | | | 37,299 | | | 150 | | (46,714) | | | 71,652 | | | | (118,366) | | | NM | | Income (loss) before taxes | | 57,065 | | | (229,220) | | | | 286,285 | | | NM | |
| Income tax benefit (expense) of Consolidated Funds | | (117) | | | (146) | | | 29 | | | 20 | | (147) | | | 700 | | | | (847) | | | NM | | |
| Income tax expense of Consolidated Funds | | Income tax expense of Consolidated Funds | | (28) | | | (28) | | | | — | | | — | |
| Net income (loss) | Net income (loss) | | 62,094 | | | 24,766 | | | 37,328 | | | 151 | | (46,861) | | | 72,352 | | | | (119,213) | | | NM | | Net income (loss) | | 57,037 | | | (229,248) | | | | 286,285 | | | NM | |
| Less: Revenues attributable to Ares Management Corporation eliminated upon consolidation | Less: Revenues attributable to Ares Management Corporation eliminated upon consolidation | | 22,839 | | | 11,256 | | | 11,583 | | | 103 | | 12,499 | | | 30,456 | | | | (17,957) | | | (59) | | Less: Revenues attributable to Ares Management Corporation eliminated upon consolidation | | 17,371 | | | (35,491) | | | | 52,862 | | | NM | |
| Less: Other income (expense), net attributable to Ares Management Corporation eliminated upon consolidation | | (3,372) | | | (2,398) | | | (974) | | | (41) | | (20,767) | | | 18 | | | | (20,785) | | | NM | | |
| Less: Other expense, net attributable to Ares Management Corporation eliminated upon consolidation | | Less: Other expense, net attributable to Ares Management Corporation eliminated upon consolidation | | (10,192) | | | (27,351) | | | | 17,159 | | | 63 | |
| | Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | | $ | 42,627 | | | $ | 15,908 | | | 26,719 | | | 168 | | $ | (38,593) | | | $ | 41,878 | | | | (80,471) | | | NM | | Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds | | $ | 49,858 | | | $ | (166,406) | | | | 216,264 | | | NM | |
NM - Not Meaningful
The results of operations of the Consolidated Funds primarily represents activity from certain CLOs that we are deemed to control. Expenses primarily reflect professional fees that were incurred as a result of debt issuance costs related to the issuance of new, refinanced or restructured CLOs. These fees were expensed in the period incurred, as CLO debt is recorded at fair value on our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. For the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2021, expenses were primarily driven by professional fees incurred from the restructure of the European CLOs legal entities. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the expenses were primarily driven by the issuance of a newone European CLO. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the expenses were primarily driven by the issuance of two European CLOs and two U.S. CLOs. Net realized and unrealized gains fluctuated for the comparative periods,period, primarily due to a significant change in the value of loans held by the CLOs. The CSLLI returned 4.1% and2.0% for the first quarter of 2021 when compared to a negative 0.8%13.2% for the thirdfirst quarter and year-to-date period for 2020, respectively, primarily due to the uncertainty associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.of 2020. The increase in interest and other income anddecrease in interest expense was attributable to the net increaselower interest rates from newly issued and refinanced CLOs since the first quarter of six CLOs that we began consolidating subsequent to September 30, 2019, resulting in additional interest paying loans and interest expense from debt issued.2020.
Revenues and other income (expense) attributable to AMC represents management fees, incentive fees, principal investment income and administrative, transaction and other fees that are eliminated from the respective components of AMC's results upon consolidation. The decrease for the three and nine month comparative periodsperiod for other income (expense), principal investment income and incentive fees was primarily due to the price fluctuations associated with the COVID-19 pandemic mentioned above. The decrease was partially offset by management fees that increased due to the net increase of five consolidated CLOs and private funds and to administrative fees that increased due to the renegotiation of an administrative fee agreement with ACF during the third quarter of 2019. The renegotiated administration fee allowed for more operating expenses to be reimbursed but eliminated the management fee paid by the fund to us.previously mentioned.
Segment Analysis
For segment reporting purposes, revenues and expenses are presented before giving effect to the results of our Consolidated Funds.Funds and the results attributable to non-controlling interests of joint ventures that we consolidate. As a result, segment revenues from management fees, performance income and investment income are different than those presented on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP because revenuesGAAP. Revenues recognized from Consolidated Funds are eliminated in consolidation.consolidation and results attributable to the non-controlling interests of joint ventures have been excluded by us. Furthermore, expenses and the effects of other income (expense) are different than related amounts presented on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP due to the exclusion of the results of Consolidated Funds.Funds and the non-controlling interests of joint ventures.
Discussed below are our results of operations for our reportable segments. Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We separately discuss our OMG. This information is used by our managementuse the following non-GAAP measures to makemaking operating decisions, assess performance and allocate resources.resources:
71•Fee Related Earnings (“FRE”)
FRE, RI and Other Measures
FRE and RI areThese non-GAAP financial measures our management uses when making resource deployment decisionssupplement and should be considered in assessing performanceaddition to and not in lieu of, our segments. For definitionsthe results of eachoperations, which are discussed further under “—Components of these non-GAAP financial measures see the Glossary. Consolidated Results of Operations” and are prepared in accordance with GAAP.The following table sets forth FRE and RI by segment:reportable segment and OMG:
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| | | Three months ended September 30, | | Favorable (Unfavorable) | | Nine months ended September 30, | | Favorable (Unfavorable) |
| ($ in thousands) | | 2020 | | 2019 | | $ Change | | % Change | | 2020 | | 2019 | | $ Change | | % Change |
| Fee Related Earnings: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Credit Group | | $ | 125,107 | | | $ | 103,062 | | | $ | 22,045 | | | 21 | % | | $ | 354,964 | | | $ | 293,181 | | | $ | 61,783 | | | 21 | % |
| Private Equity Group | | 27,429 | | | 29,926 | | | (2,497) | | | (8) | | | 81,319 | | | 82,028 | | | (709) | | | (1) | |
| Real Estate Group | | 7,794 | | | 9,152 | | | (1,358) | | | (15) | | | 24,831 | | | 22,386 | | | 2,445 | | | 11 | |
| Strategic Initiatives | | 7,571 | | | — | | | 7,571 | | | NM | | 7,571 | | | — | | | 7,571 | | | NM |
| Operations Management Group | | (61,070) | | | (55,466) | | | (5,604) | | | (10) | | | (171,793) | | | (162,627) | | | (9,166) | | | (6) | |
| Fee Related Earnings | | $ | 106,831 | | | $ | 86,674 | | | 20,157 | | | 23 | | | $ | 296,892 | | | $ | 234,968 | | | 61,924 | | | 26 | |
| Realized Income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Credit Group | | $ | 127,667 | | | $ | 108,986 | | | $ | 18,681 | | | 17 | % | | $ | 364,839 | | | $ | 319,039 | | | $ | 45,800 | | | 14 | % |
| Private Equity Group | | 65,342 | | | 28,780 | | | 36,562 | | | 127 | | | 166,963 | | | 104,348 | | | 62,615 | | | 60 | |
| Real Estate Group | | 8,275 | | | 16,653 | | | (8,378) | | | (50) | | | 36,502 | | | 37,933 | | | (1,431) | | | (4) | |
| Strategic Initiatives | | 6,838 | | | — | | | 6,838 | | | NM | | 6,838 | | | — | | | 6,838 | | | NM |
| Operations Management Group | | (61,714) | | | (56,012) | | | (5,702) | | | (10) | | | (179,341) | | | (163,970) | | | (15,371) | | | (9) | |
| Realized Income | | $ | 146,408 | | | $ | 98,407 | | | 48,001 | | | 49 | | | $ | 395,801 | | | $ | 297,350 | | | 98,451 | | | 33 | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | Three months ended March 31, | | Favorable (Unfavorable) |
| ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | | | 2021 | | 2020 | | $ Change | | % Change |
| Fee Related Earnings: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Credit Group | | | | | | | | | | $ | 147,672 | | | $ | 114,257 | | | $ | 33,415 | | | 29 | % |
| Private Equity Group | | | | | | | | | | 23,886 | | | 27,038 | | | (3,152) | | | (12) | |
| Real Estate Group | | | | | | | | | | 11,044 | | | 9,540 | | | 1,504 | | | 16 | |
| Strategic Initiatives | | | | | | | | | | 8,927 | | | — | | | 8,927 | | | NM |
| Operations Management Group | | | | | | | | | | (63,063) | | | (57,731) | | | (5,332) | | | (9) | |
| Fee Related Earnings | | | | | | | | | | $ | 128,466 | | | $ | 93,104 | | | 35,362 | | | 38 | |
| Realized Income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Credit Group | | | | | | | | | | $ | 150,749 | | | $ | 117,391 | | | $ | 33,358 | | | 28 | % |
| Private Equity Group | | | | | | | | | | 29,689 | | | 60,907 | | | (31,218) | | | (51) | |
| Real Estate Group | | | | | | | | | | 12,495 | | | 20,085 | | | (7,590) | | | (38) | |
| Strategic Initiatives | | | | | | | | | | 6,658 | | | — | | | 6,658 | | | NM |
| Operations Management Group | | | | | | | | | | (62,798) | | | (64,238) | | | 1,440 | | | 2 | |
| Realized Income | | | | | | | | | | $ | 136,793 | | | $ | 134,145 | | | 2,648 | | | 2 | |
NM - Not Meaningful
Reconciliation of Consolidated GAAP Financial Measures to Certain Non-GAAP Measures
Income before provision for income taxes is the GAAP financial measure most comparable to RI and FRE. The following table presents the reconciliation of income before taxes as reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations to RI and FRE:FRE of the reportable segments and OMG:
| | | Three months ended September 30, | | Nine months ended September 30, | | Three months ended March 31, | |
| ($ in thousands) | ($ in thousands) | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2019 | ($ in thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 | |
| Income before taxes | $ | 159,641 | | | $ | 103,576 | | | $ | 104,325 | | | $ | 323,919 | | |
| Income (loss) before taxes | | Income (loss) before taxes | $ | 190,064 | | | $ | (296,413) | | |
| Adjustments: | Adjustments: | | Adjustments: | | |
| Depreciation and amortization expense | Depreciation and amortization expense | 14,336 | | | 24,564 | | | 26,197 | | | 35,609 | | Depreciation and amortization expense | 14,100 | | | 5,542 | | |
| Equity compensation expense | Equity compensation expense | 30,336 | | | 22,393 | | | 91,576 | | | 73,974 | | Equity compensation expense | 55,649 | | | 32,557 | | |
| Acquisition and merger-related expense | Acquisition and merger-related expense | 3,490 | | | 4,777 | | | 9,815 | | | 10,757 | | Acquisition and merger-related expense | 8,590 | | | 3,137 | | |
| Deferred placement fees | Deferred placement fees | 2,942 | | | 4,366 | | | 18,677 | | | 17,319 | | Deferred placement fees | 297 | | | 5,415 | | |
| Other (income) expense, net | 9,518 | | | (461) | | | 9,518 | | | (460) | | |
| Net (income) expense of non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries | (1,066) | | | 799 | | | 15,681 | | | 2,608 | | |
| Other income, net | | Other income, net | (473) | | | — | | |
| Net expense of non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries | | Net expense of non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries | 689 | | | 20,497 | | |
| (Income) loss before taxes of non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds, net of eliminations | (Income) loss before taxes of non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds, net of eliminations | (42,744) | | | (16,054) | | | 38,446 | | | (41,178) | | (Income) loss before taxes of non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds, net of eliminations | (49,886) | | | 166,378 | | |
| Unconsolidated performance (income) loss - unrealized | (52,488) | | | (181,174) | | | 77,866 | | | (426,411) | | |
| Unconsolidated performance related compensation - unrealized | 24,818 | | | 137,174 | | | (61,010) | | | 311,936 | | |
| Unconsolidated net investment (income) loss - unrealized | (2,375) | | | (1,553) | | | 64,710 | | | (10,723) | | |
| Unconsolidated performance (income) loss—unrealized | | Unconsolidated performance (income) loss—unrealized | (224,954) | | | 387,657 | | |
| Unconsolidated performance related compensation—unrealized | | Unconsolidated performance related compensation—unrealized | 160,337 | | | (285,892) | | |
| Unconsolidated net investment (income) loss—unrealized | | Unconsolidated net investment (income) loss—unrealized | (17,620) | | | 95,267 | | |
| Realized Income | Realized Income | 146,408 | | | 98,407 | | | 395,801 | | | 297,350 | | Realized Income | 136,793 | | | 134,145 | | |
| Unconsolidated performance income-realized | (123,265) | | | (7,314) | | | (319,660) | | | (111,881) | | |
| Unconsolidated performance related compensation - realized | 97,538 | | | 2,042 | | | 252,575 | | | 76,488 | | |
| Unconsolidated investment income-realized | (13,850) | | | (6,461) | | | (31,824) | | | (26,989) | | |
| Unconsolidated performance income—realized | | Unconsolidated performance income—realized | (76,981) | | | (151,770) | | |
| Unconsolidated performance related compensation—realized | | Unconsolidated performance related compensation—realized | 61,096 | | | 117,993 | | |
| Unconsolidated investment (income) loss—realized | | Unconsolidated investment (income) loss—realized | 7,558 | | | (7,264) | | |
| Fee Related Earnings | Fee Related Earnings | $ | 106,831 | | | $ | 86,674 | | | $ | 296,892 | | | $ | 234,968 | | Fee Related Earnings | $ | 128,466 | | | $ | 93,104 | | |
For the specific components and calculations of these non-GAAP measures, as well as a reconciliation of the reportable segments to the most comparable measures in accordance with GAAP, see “Note 14. Segment Reporting”, to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Discussed below are our results of operations for our reportable segments and OMG.
Results of Operations by Segment
Credit Group—Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 Compared to Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019March 31, 2020
Fee Related Earnings:
The following table presents the components of the Credit Group's FRE:
| | | | Three months ended September 30, | Favorable (Unfavorable) | | Nine months ended September 30, | Favorable (Unfavorable) | | | Three months ended March 31, | Favorable (Unfavorable) |
| ($ in thousands) | ($ in thousands) | 2020 | | 2019 | | $ Change | | % Change | | 2020 | | 2019 | | $ Change | | % Change | ($ in thousands) | | 2021 | | 2020 | | $ Change | | % Change |
| Management fees (includes ARCC Part I Fees of $41,643, $126,872 and $38,786, $116,336 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively) | $ | 208,371 | | | $ | 178,447 | | | $ | 29,924 | | | 17 | % | | $ | 606,596 | | | $ | 513,760 | | | $ | 92,836 | | | 18 | % | |
| Management fees | | Management fees | | $ | 232,877 | | | $ | 197,437 | | | $ | 35,440 | | | 18 | % |
| Other fees | Other fees | 4,898 | | | 5,174 | | | (276) | | | (5) | | | 12,057 | | | 12,179 | | | (122) | | | (1) | | Other fees | | 5,969 | | | 3,058 | | | 2,911 | | | 95 | |
| Compensation and benefits | Compensation and benefits | (74,373) | | | (67,770) | | | (6,603) | | | (10) | | | (222,063) | | | (193,083) | | | (28,980) | | | (15) | | Compensation and benefits | | (80,365) | | | (70,925) | | | (9,440) | | | (13) | |
| General, administrative and other expenses | General, administrative and other expenses | (13,789) | | | (12,789) | | | (1,000) | | | (8) | | | (41,626) | | | (39,675) | | | (1,951) | | | (5) | | General, administrative and other expenses | | (10,809) | | | (15,313) | | | 4,504 | | | 29 | |
| Fee Related Earnings | Fee Related Earnings | $ | 125,107 | | | $ | 103,062 | | | 22,045 | | | 21 | | | $ | 354,964 | | | $ | 293,181 | | | 61,783 | | | 21 | | Fee Related Earnings | | $ | 147,672 | | | $ | 114,257 | | | 33,415 | | | 29 | |
Management Fees. The chart below presents Credit Group management fees and effective management fee rates:
Management fees on existing direct lending funds increased primarily from deployment of capital, with ACE IV, PCS and Ares Senior Direct Lending Fund L.P. (“SDL”) collectively generating additional fees of $13.3$10.9 million and $38.5 million
for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.March 31, 2020. Management fees from ARCC increased $1.4$2.5 million and $10.4 million over the respective periodsfrom prior year primarily due to an increase in the average size of ARCC's portfolio,portfolio. The remaining increase in management fees on funds in existence in both periods was primarily driven by an increasedeployment of capital in leverage. ARCCother direct lending funds and SMAs. Management fees from CLOs also increased from the prior year primarily due to the net addition of four CLOs and to $1.2 million of incremental fees associated with managing the seven collateral management contracts acquired from Crestline Denali for the full quarter in 2021. In addition, Part I Fees increased primarily due to the expiration of the $10 million quarterlyan increase in pre-incentive fee waiver at the end of the third quarter of 2019 and was partially offset by a reduction in ARCC's net investment income drivengenerated by a decrease in new commitments. The volatilityARCC and disruption to the global economy from the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the pace of investment activity. Management fees from CLOs also increased over the respective periods primarily due to the net addition of nine CLOs that earn fees subsequent to the third quarter of 2019.CADC.
The decreasesdecrease in effective management fee rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 wereMarch 31, 2020 was primarily driven by newthe increase in fee paying AUM of U.S. CLOs that have fee rates below 0.50% and to deployment in certain alternative credit funds that have fee rates below 1.00%. The decrease for the year-to-date comparative periods was also driven by the decrease in ARCC Part I Fees' contribution to the effective management fee rate due to the proportional increase in fees from other credit funds.
Compensation and Benefits. Compensation and benefits increased by $6.6$9.4 million, or 10%13%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and by $29.0 million, or 15%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019.March 31, 2020. The increases wereincrease was primarily driven by higher incentive compensation attributable to improved operating performance and margin expansion from scaling our business, by headcount growth and by merit increases. Average headcount increased by 5% to 416 investment and investment support professionals for the first quarter of 2021 from 396 professionals for the same period in 2020 as we hiredadded additional investment professionals to support our growing U.S. and European direct lending and alternative credit platforms. Average headcount for the year-to-date period increased by 8% to 406 investment and investment support professionals for the 2020 period from 375 professionals for the same period in the prior year. The increase was further driven by ARCC Part I Fees compensation increasing by $1.7 million and $6.0 million for the three and nine month comparative period, respectively.
General, Administrative and Other Expenses. General, administrative and other expenses increaseddecreased by $1.0$4.5 million, or 8%29%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and by $2.0 million, or 5%, for the nineMarch 31, 2020. The three months ended September 30, 2020 comparedMarch 31, 2021 continued to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increases were primarily due to $3.2 million in one-time expenses that were recorded in the third quarter of 2020 related to expense concessions made to a limited number of funds. There were also certain expenses that increased during the current periods, including occupancy costs to support the headcount growth, information services and communication costs to support the expansion of the business and information technology to support the modified remote working environment. Collectively, these expenses increased by $0.6 million and $2.0 million for the three and nine month comparative periods, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2019.
The three and nine month comparative periods were also bothbe impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic that began at the end of the first quarter of 2020 and resulted in a decrease in certain operating expenses. During the second and thirdfirst quarter of 2020,2021, our operating expenses were impacted by limitations in certain business activities, most notably travel, entertainment and marketing sponsorships, and by certain office services and fringe benefits from the modified remote working environment. Collectively, these expenses decreased by $2.9 million and $4.9$4.2 million for the for the quarterly and year-to-date periodsthree months ended September 30, 2020, respectively,March 31, 2021, when compared to the same periodsperiod in 2019.2020.
Realized Income:
The following table presents the components of the Credit Group's RI:
| | | Three months ended September 30, | Favorable (Unfavorable) | | Nine months ended September 30, | | Favorable (Unfavorable) | | | Three months ended March 31, | | Favorable (Unfavorable) |
| ($ in thousands) | ($ in thousands) | 2020 | | 2019 | | $ Change | | % Change | | 2020 | | 2019 | | $ Change | | % Change | ($ in thousands) | | 2021 | | 2020 | | $ Change | | % Change |
| Fee Related Earnings | Fee Related Earnings | $ | 125,107 | | | $ | 103,062 | | | $ | 22,045 | | | 21 | % | | $ | 354,964 | | | $ | 293,181 | | | $ | 61,783 | | | 21 | % | Fee Related Earnings | | $ | 147,672 | | | $ | 114,257 | | | $ | 33,415 | | | 29 | % |
| Performance income-realized | 7,069 | | | 1,037 | | | 6,032 | | | NM | | 16,085 | | | 38,921 | | | (22,836) | | | (59) | |
| Performance related compensation-realized | (4,131) | | | (630) | | | (3,501) | | | NM | | (12,142) | | | (22,857) | | | 10,715 | | | 47 | |
| Performance income—realized | | Performance income—realized | | 3,816 | | | 9,016 | | | (5,200) | | | (58) |
| Performance related compensation—realized | | Performance related compensation—realized | | (2,893) | | | (7,899) | | | 5,006 | | | 63 |
| Realized net performance income | Realized net performance income | 2,938 | | | 407 | | | 2,531 | | | NM | | 3,943 | | | 16,064 | | | (12,121) | | | (75) | Realized net performance income | | 923 | | | 1,117 | | | (194) | | | (17) |
| Investment income (loss)-realized | — | | | 114 | | | (114) | | | (100) | | (843) | | | 662 | | | (1,505) | | | NM | |
| Interest and other investment income-realized | 1,962 | | | 6,964 | | | (5,002) | | | (72) | | 13,166 | | | 14,500 | | | (1,334) | | | (9) | |
| Investment loss—realized | | Investment loss—realized | | — | | | (843) | | | 843 | | | 100 |
| Interest and other investment income—realized | | Interest and other investment income—realized | | 3,669 | | | 4,575 | | | (906) | | | (20) |
| Interest expense | Interest expense | (2,340) | | | (1,561) | | | (779) | | | (50) | | (6,391) | | | (5,368) | | | (1,023) | | | (19) | Interest expense | | (1,515) | | | (1,715) | | | 200 | | | 12 |
| Realized net investment income (loss) | (378) | | | 5,517 | | | (5,895) | | | NM | | 5,932 | | | 9,794 | | | (3,862) | | | (39) | |
| Realized net investment income | | Realized net investment income | | 2,154 | | | 2,017 | | | 137 | | | 7 |
| Realized Income | Realized Income | $ | 127,667 | | | $ | 108,986 | | | 18,681 | | | 17 | | $ | 364,839 | | | $ | 319,039 | | | 45,800 | | | 14 | Realized Income | | $ | 150,749 | | | $ | 117,391 | | | 33,358 | | | 28 |
NM - Not Meaningful
Realized income for the periods presented was composed of FRE, as explained above, realized net performance income and realized net investment income for the respective periods.
Realized net performance income for the three months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 was primarily attributable to incentive fees for an alternative credit fund that crystallized during the period.on two direct lending funds. Realized net performance income for the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2020 was alsoprimarily attributable to tax distributions received from ACE III and certain otheron direct lending funds. During the first quarter of 2020, management elected to extend the measurement periodfunds, partially offset by a one-time reversal of certain incentive fees that were recognized in 2019. As a result, the performance obligation has no longer been met and achievement is not certain, leading to the one-time reversal of those fees. Realized net performance income was primarily attributable to an alternative credit fund and a direct lending fund during the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 16 direct lending funds during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 with incentive fees that crystallized during the respective periods.
Realized net investment income for the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020 was primarily attributable to interest income generated from our CLO investments and from a term loan investment that was made in the third quarter of 2019 and to investment income related to a distribution from a U.S. direct lending fund.investments. Realized net investment income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily attributable toMarch 31, 2020 also included a term loan investment that generated interest income, generatedpartially offset by a realized loss of $1.0 million from our CLO investments andthe write down of an investment income related to distributions from our direct lending funds. Interest income generated from our CLO investments was lower for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same periods in the prior year primarily due lower cash distributions received in the current year. Our CLO investments are primarily in subordinated notes that do not have contractual interest rates and instead distributions are based on the excess cash flowsa U.S. CLO.
Credit Group— Carried Interest and Incentive Fees
The following table presents the accrued carried interest and incentive fee receivables,fees receivable, also referred to as accrued performance income, and related performance compensation for the Credit Group:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | As of March 31, 2021 | | As of December 31, 2020 |
| | As of September 30, | | As of December 31, | |
| | 2020 | | 2019 | |
| ($ in thousands) | ($ in thousands) | Accrued Performance Income | | Accrued Performance Compensation | | Accrued Net Performance Income | | Accrued Performance Income | | Accrued Performance Compensation | | Accrued Net Performance Income | ($ in thousands) | Accrued Performance Income | | Accrued Performance Compensation | | Accrued Net Performance Income | | Accrued Performance Income | | Accrued Performance Compensation | | Accrued Net Performance Income |
| Accrued Carried Interest | | Accrued Carried Interest | | | | | | | | | | | |
| ACE III | ACE III | $ | 74,617 | | | $ | 44,770 | | | $ | 29,847 | | | $ | 76,628 | | | $ | 45,977 | | | $ | 30,651 | | ACE III | $ | 87,446 | | | $ | 52,468 | | | $ | 34,978 | | | $ | 77,959 | | | $ | 46,776 | | | $ | 31,183 | |
| ACE IV | ACE IV | 93,803 | | | 58,158 | | | 35,645 | | | 57,388 | | | 35,581 | | | 21,807 | | ACE IV | 121,369 | | | 75,249 | | | 46,120 | | | 93,462 | | | 57,946 | | | 35,516 | |
| CSF III | 14,927 | | | 8,956 | | | 5,971 | | | 13,991 | | | 8,394 | | | 5,597 | | |
| | PCS | PCS | 78,139 | | | 46,184 | | | 31,955 | | | 52,029 | | | 30,751 | | | 21,278 | | PCS | 117,424 | | | 69,401 | | | 48,023 | | | 101,656 | | | 60,084 | | | 41,572 | |
| Other credit funds | Other credit funds | 76,439 | | | 45,543 | | | 30,896 | | | 112,959 | | | 65,335 | | | 47,624 | | Other credit funds | 131,396 | | | 84,452 | | | 46,944 | | | 100,238 | | | 61,898 | | | 38,340 | |
| Total accrued carried interest | | Total accrued carried interest | 457,635 | | | 281,570 | | | 176,065 | | | 373,315 | | | 226,704 | | | 146,611 | |
| Incentive fees | | Incentive fees | 24,083 | | | 15,059 | | | 9,024 | | | 31,653 | | | 18,601 | | | 13,052 | |
| Total Credit Group | Total Credit Group | $ | 337,925 | | | $ | 203,611 | | | $ | 134,314 | | | $ | 312,995 | | | $ | 186,038 | | | $ | 126,957 | | Total Credit Group | $ | 481,718 | | | $ | 296,629 | | | $ | 185,089 | | | $ | 404,968 | | | $ | 245,305 | | | $ | 159,663 | |
The following table presents the change in accrued performance income from the prior year end was primarily attributable to the following: (i) a $81.6 million increase in total unrealized carried interest allocation for nine months ended September 30, 2020; offset by (ii) $16.1 million of carried interest allocation and incentive fees realized during the nine months ended September 30, 2020; offset by (iii) $42.7 million of net incentive fees realized in 2019 butperiod for which the cash receipt did not occur until 2020; and (iv) $2.1 million increase in foreign currency translation and other adjustments.Credit Group:
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| | | | | As of December 31, 2020 | | Activity during the period | | As of March 31, 2021 | |
| ($ in thousands) | | Fee Type | | Accrued Carried Interest | | Change in Unrealized | | Realized | | Foreign Exchange and Other Adjustments | | Accrued Carried Interest | |
| ACE III | | European | | $ | 77,959 | | | $ | 9,487 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 87,446 | | |
| ACE IV | | European | | 93,462 | | | 27,907 | | | — | | | — | | | 121,369 | | |
| PCS | | European | | 101,656 | | | 15,528 | | | — | | | 240 | | | 117,424 | | |
| Other credit funds | | European | | 99,980 | | | 32,720 | | | (137) | | | (1,422) | | | 131,141 | | |
| Other credit funds | | American | | 258 | | | (3) | | | — | | | — | | | 255 | | |
| Total Credit Group | | | | $ | 373,315 | | | $ | 85,639 | | | $ | (137) | | | $ | (1,182) | | | $ | 457,635 | | |
The following tables present the components of the total change in unrealized carried interest allocation and incentive fees for the Credit Group:
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| | Three months ended September 30, 2020 | | Three months ended September 30, 2019 | | | |
| ($ in thousands) | Realized | | Unrealized, net | | Total Change in Unrealized | | Realized | | Unrealized, net | | Total Change in Unrealized | | | | | | | |
| ACE III | $ | — | | | $ | 9,410 | | | $ | 9,410 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 5,482 | | | $ | 5,482 | | | | | | | | |
| ACE IV | — | | | 17,647 | | | 17,647 | | | — | | | 14,030 | | | 14,030 | | | | | | | | |
| CSF III | — | | | 572 | | | 572 | | | — | | | (219) | | | (219) | | | | | | | | |
| PCS | — | | | 19,416 | | | 19,416 | | | — | | | 7,166 | | | 7,166 | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Other credit funds | 7,069 | | | 15,806 | | | 22,875 | | | 1,037 | | | (1,282) | | | (245) | | | | | | | | |
| Total Credit Group | $ | 7,069 | | | $ | 62,851 | | | $ | 69,920 | | | $ | 1,037 | | | $ | 25,177 | | | $ | 26,214 | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Nine months ended September 30, 2020 | | Nine months ended September 30, 2019 | | | |
| ($ in thousands) | Realized | | Unrealized, net | | Total Change in Unrealized | | Realized | | Unrealized, net | | Total Change in Unrealized | | | | | | | |
| ACE III | $ | 5,255 | | | $ | (3,803) | | | $ | 1,452 | | | $ | 4,706 | | | $ | 20,738 | | | $ | 25,444 | | | | | | | | |
| ACE IV | — | | | 34,087 | | | 34,087 | | | — | | | 33,731 | | | 33,731 | | | | | | | | |
| CSF III | — | | | 936 | | | 936 | | | — | | | 2,876 | | | 2,876 | | | | | | | | |
| PCS | — | | | 25,722 | | | 25,722 | | | — | | | 23,565 | | | 23,565 | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Other credit funds | 10,830 | | | 8,588 | | | 19,418 | | | 34,215 | | | 10,803 | | | 45,018 | | | | | | | | |
| Total Credit Group | $ | 16,085 | | | $ | 65,530 | | | $ | 81,615 | | | $ | 38,921 | | | $ | 91,713 | | | $ | 130,634 | | | | | | | | |
Credit Group—Assets Under Management
The tables below present rollforwards of AUM for the Credit Group:
| | | | | | | | | ($ in millions) | ($ in millions) | | Syndicated Loans | | High Yield | | Multi-Asset Credit | | Alternative Credit | | U.S. Direct Lending | | European Direct Lending | | Total Credit Group | ($ in millions) | | Syndicated Loans | | High
Yield | | Multi-Asset Credit | | Alternative Credit | | U.S. Direct Lending | | European Direct Lending | | Total Credit Group |
| Balance at 6/30/2020 | | $ | 25,451 | | | $ | 2,660 | | | $ | 2,812 | | | $ | 8,821 | | | $ | 50,784 | | | $ | 26,885 | | | $ | 117,413 | | |
| Balance at 12/31/2020 | | Balance at 12/31/2020 | | $ | 27,967 | | | $ | 2,863 | | | $ | 2,953 | | | $ | 12,897 | | | $ | 56,516 | | | $ | 42,276 | | | $ | 145,472 | |
| | Net new par/equity commitments | Net new par/equity commitments | | 19 | | | 139 | | | 1 | | | 1,017 | | | 139 | | | 8,796 | | | 10,111 | | Net new par/equity commitments | | 115 | | | 101 | | | 393 | | | 1,230 | | | 1,067 | | | 1,613 | | | 4,519 | |
| Net new debt commitments | Net new debt commitments | | 501 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,200 | | | — | | | 1,701 | | Net new debt commitments | | 722 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,821 | | | — | | | 2,543 | |
| Capital reductions | Capital reductions | | (38) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (46) | | | (122) | | | (206) | | Capital reductions | | (59) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (451) | | | (35) | | | (545) | |
| Distributions | Distributions | | (19) | | | — | | | (7) | | | (115) | | | (239) | | | (188) | | | (568) | | Distributions | | (39) | | | — | | | (3) | | | (97) | | | (339) | | | (262) | | | (740) | |
| Redemptions | Redemptions | | (64) | | | (213) | | | (4) | | | — | | | (20) | | | — | | | (301) | | Redemptions | | (89) | | | (82) | | | (78) | | | (235) | | | (41) | | | (11) | | | (536) | |
| Change in fund value | Change in fund value | | 304 | | | 117 | | | 111 | | | 381 | | | 953 | | | 1,212 | | | 3,078 | | Change in fund value | | (175) | | | 45 | | | 67 | | | 148 | | | 778 | | | (460) | | | 403 | |
| Balance at 9/30/2020 | | $ | 26,154 | | | $ | 2,703 | | | $ | 2,913 | | | $ | 10,104 | | | $ | 52,771 | | | $ | 36,583 | | | $ | 131,228 | | |
| Balance at 3/31/2021 | | Balance at 3/31/2021 | | $ | 28,442 | | | $ | 2,927 | | | $ | 3,332 | | | $ | 13,943 | | | $ | 59,351 | | | $ | 43,121 | | | $ | 151,116 | |
Average AUM(1) | Average AUM(1) | | $ | 25,803 | | | $ | 2,682 | | | $ | 2,863 | | | $ | 9,463 | | | $ | 51,778 | | | $ | 31,734 | | | $ | 124,323 | | Average AUM(1) | | $ | 28,205 | | | $ | 2,895 | | | $ | 3,143 | | | $ | 13,420 | | | $ | 57,934 | | | $ | 42,699 | | | $ | 148,296 | |
| | Syndicated Loans | | High Yield | | Multi-Asset Credit | | Alternative Credit | | U.S. Direct Lending | | European Direct Lending | | Total Credit Group | |
| Balance at 6/30/2019 | | $ | 20,924 | | | $ | 3,494 | | | $ | 2,497 | | | $ | 7,339 | | | $ | 46,292 | | | $ | 24,959 | | | $ | 105,505 | | |
| Net new par/equity commitments | | 95 | | | 49 | | | 4 | | | 81 | | | 146 | | | 218 | | | 593 | | |
| Net new debt commitments | | 472 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,232 | | | — | | | 1,704 | | |
| Capital reductions | | (29) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (274) | | | (17) | | | (320) | | |
| Distributions | | (27) | | | — | | | — | | | (88) | | | (265) | | | (162) | | | (542) | | |
| Redemptions | | (71) | | | (201) | | | (14) | | | — | | | (25) | | | — | | | (311) | | |
| Change in fund value | | (89) | | | 70 | | | 25 | | | (61) | | | 297 | | | (569) | | | (327) | | |
| Balance at 9/30/2019 | | $ | 21,275 | | | $ | 3,412 | | | $ | 2,512 | | | $ | 7,271 | | | $ | 47,403 | | | $ | 24,429 | | | $ | 106,302 | | |
Average AUM(1) | | $ | 21,100 | | | $ | 3,453 | | | $ | 2,505 | | | $ | 7,305 | | | $ | 46,848 | | | $ | 24,694 | | | $ | 105,905 | | |
| | (1) Represents a two-point average of quarter-end balances for each period. | |
| | | | | Syndicated Loans | | High Yield | | Multi-Asset Credit | | Alternative Credit | | U.S. Direct Lending | | European Direct Lending | | Total Credit Group | | Syndicated Loans | | High
Yield | | Multi-Asset Credit | | Alternative Credit | | U.S. Direct Lending | | European Direct Lending | | Total Credit Group |
| Balance at 12/31/2019 | Balance at 12/31/2019 | | $ | 22,320 | | | $ | 3,492 | | | $ | 2,611 | | | $ | 7,571 | | | $ | 48,431 | | | $ | 26,118 | | | $ | 110,543 | | Balance at 12/31/2019 | | $ | 22,320 | | | $ | 3,492 | | | $ | 2,611 | | | $ | 7,571 | | | $ | 48,431 | | | $ | 26,118 | | | $ | 110,543 | |
| Acquisitions | Acquisitions | | 2,693 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 2,693 | | Acquisitions | | 2,693 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | $ | 2,693 | |
| Net new par/equity commitments | Net new par/equity commitments | | 140 | | | 367 | | | 431 | | | 2,874 | | | 1,553 | | | 8,892 | | | 14,257 | | Net new par/equity commitments | | 103 | | | 22 | | | 6 | | | 929 | | | 880 | | | 96 | | | 2,036 | |
| Net new debt commitments | Net new debt commitments | | 1,236 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 3,349 | | | 1,119 | | | 5,704 | | Net new debt commitments | | 255 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,407 | | | 557 | | | 2,219 | |
| Capital reductions | Capital reductions | | (70) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (128) | | | (152) | | | (350) | | Capital reductions | | (6) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (28) | | | (13) | | | (47) | |
| Distributions | Distributions | | (52) | | | — | | | (15) | | | (299) | | | (899) | | | (640) | | | (1,905) | | Distributions | | (15) | | | — | | | (2) | | | (94) | | | (349) | | | (172) | | | (632) | |
| Redemptions | Redemptions | | (241) | | | (1,093) | | | (96) | | | (96) | | | (66) | | | — | | | (1,592) | | Redemptions | | (124) | | | (267) | | | (37) | | | (18) | | | (18) | | | — | | | (464) | |
| Change in fund value | Change in fund value | | 128 | | | (63) | | | (18) | | | 54 | | | 531 | | | 1,246 | | | 1,878 | | Change in fund value | | (558) | | | (411) | | | (353) | | | (905) | | | (1,086) | | | (523) | | | (3,836) | |
| Balance at 9/30/2020 | | $ | 26,154 | | | $ | 2,703 | | | $ | 2,913 | | | $ | 10,104 | | | $ | 52,771 | | | $ | 36,583 | | | $ | 131,228 | | |
| Balance at 3/31/2020 | | Balance at 3/31/2020 | | $ | 24,668 | | | $ | 2,836 | | | $ | 2,225 | | | $ | 7,483 | | | $ | 49,237 | | | $ | 26,063 | | | $ | 112,512 | |
Average AUM(1) | Average AUM(1) | | $ | 24,649 | | | $ | 2,922 | | | $ | 2,640 | | | $ | 8,495 | | | $ | 50,306 | | | $ | 28,912 | | | $ | 117,924 | | Average AUM(1) | | $ | 23,494 | | | $ | 3,164 | | | $ | 2,418 | | | $ | 7,527 | | | $ | 48,834 | | | $ | 26,091 | | | $ | 111,528 | |
| | Syndicated Loans | | High Yield | | Multi-Asset Credit | | Alternative Credit | | U.S. Direct Lending | | European Direct Lending | | Total Credit Group | |
| Balance at 12/31/2018 | | $ | 18,880 | | | $ | 4,024 | | | $ | 2,761 | | | $ | 5,448 | | | $ | 40,668 | | | $ | 24,055 | | | $ | 95,836 | | |
| Net new par/equity commitments | | 929 | | | 124 | | | (70) | | | 2,047 | | | 1,736 | | | 741 | | | 5,507 | | |
| Net new debt commitments | | 2,435 | | | — | | | — | | | 75 | | | 5,160 | | | 339 | | | 8,009 | | |
| Capital reductions | | (697) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (460) | | | (50) | | | (1,207) | | |
| Distributions | | (73) | | | (22) | | | (70) | | | (194) | | | (803) | | | (466) | | | (1,628) | | |
| Redemptions | | (323) | | | (1,158) | | | (315) | | | (220) | | | (44) | | | — | | | (2,060) | | |
| Change in fund value | | 124 | | | 444 | | | 206 | | | 115 | | | 1,146 | | | (190) | | | 1,845 | | |
| Balance at 9/30/2019 | | $ | 21,275 | | | $ | 3,412 | | | $ | 2,512 | | | $ | 7,271 | | | $ | 47,403 | | | $ | 24,429 | | | $ | 106,302 | | |
Average AUM(1) | | $ | 20,580 | | | $ | 3,794 | | | $ | 2,558 | | | $ | 6,659 | | | $ | 44,090 | | | $ | 24,499 | | | $ | 102,180 | | |
| | (1) Represents a four-point average of quarter-end balances for each period. | |
| (1) Represents the quarterly average of beginning and ending balances. | | (1) Represents the quarterly average of beginning and ending balances. |
The components of our AUM for the Credit Group are presented below ($ in billions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| AUM: $131.2$151.1 | | AUM: $106.3$112.5 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | FPAUM | | AUM not yet paying fees | | Non-fee paying(1) | | General partner and affiliates |
(1) Includes $8.5$9.1 billion and $7.6$8.0 billion of AUM of funds from which we indirectly earn management fees as of September 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, respectively.
Credit Group—Fee Paying AUM
The tables below present rollforwards of fee paying AUM for the Credit Group:
| | | | | | | | | | | ($ in millions) | ($ in millions) | | Syndicated Loans | | High Yield | | Multi-Asset Credit | | Alternative Credit | | U.S. Direct Lending | | European Direct Lending | | Total Credit Group | ($ in millions) | | Syndicated Loans | | High
Yield | | Multi-Asset Credit | | Alternative Credit | | U.S. Direct Lending | | European Direct Lending | | Total Credit Group |
| FPAUM Balance at 6/30/2020 | $ | 24,832 | | | $ | 2,621 | | | $ | 2,278 | | | $ | 5,352 | | | $ | 28,679 | | | $ | 14,982 | | | $ | 78,744 | | |
| FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2020 | | FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2020 | $ | 27,171 | | | $ | 2,861 | | | $ | 2,457 | | | $ | 6,331 | | | $ | 32,337 | | | $ | 16,860 | | | $ | 88,017 | |
| | Commitments | Commitments | 9 | | | 126 | | | 1 | | | 48 | | | 139 | | | — | | | 323 | | Commitments | 138 | | | 101 | | | 415 | | | 481 | | | 450 | | | — | | | 1,585 | |
| Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | 15 | | | 13 | | | 7 | | | 152 | | | 1,699 | | | 266 | | | 2,152 | | Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | — | | | — | | | — | | | 618 | | | 902 | | | 3,019 | | | 4,539 | |
| Capital reductions | Capital reductions | (38) | | | — | | | — | | | (227) | | | (27) | | | (255) | | | (547) | | Capital reductions | (59) | | | — | | | (18) | | | — | | | (725) | | | (35) | | | (837) | |
| Distributions | Distributions | (13) | | | — | | | (10) | | | (161) | | | (373) | | | (129) | | | (686) | | Distributions | (10) | | | — | | | (7) | | | (102) | | | (1,054) | | | (149) | | | (1,322) | |
| Redemptions | Redemptions | (64) | | | (185) | | | (11) | | | — | | | (20) | | | (1) | | | (281) | | Redemptions | (88) | | | (82) | | | (78) | | | (235) | | | (32) | | | (131) | | | (646) | |
| Change in fund value | Change in fund value | 226 | | | 116 | | | 108 | | | 194 | | | 468 | | | 488 | | | 1,600 | | Change in fund value | (352) | | | 45 | | | 64 | | | (49) | | | 423 | | | 148 | | | 279 | |
| Change in fee basis | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | |
| FPAUM Balance at 9/30/2020 | $ | 24,967 | | | $ | 2,691 | | | $ | 2,373 | | | $ | 5,358 | | | $ | 30,565 | | | $ | 15,351 | | | $ | 81,305 | | |
| | FPAUM Balance at 3/31/2021 | | FPAUM Balance at 3/31/2021 | $ | 26,800 | | | $ | 2,925 | | | $ | 2,833 | | | $ | 7,044 | | | $ | 32,301 | | | $ | 19,712 | | | $ | 91,615 | |
Average FPAUM(1) | Average FPAUM(1) | $ | 24,900 | | | $ | 2,657 | | | $ | 2,326 | | | $ | 5,355 | | | $ | 29,622 | | | $ | 15,167 | | | $ | 80,027 | | Average FPAUM(1) | $ | 26,986 | | | $ | 2,893 | | | $ | 2,645 | | | $ | 6,688 | | | $ | 32,319 | | | $ | 18,286 | | | $ | 89,817 | |
| | Syndicated Loans | | High Yield | | Multi-Asset Credit | | Alternative Credit | | U.S. Direct Lending | | European Direct Lending | | Total Credit Group | |
| FPAUM Balance at 6/30/2019 | $ | 20,195 | | | $ | 3,496 | | | $ | 2,092 | | | $ | 3,828 | | | $ | 24,365 | | | $ | 10,787 | | | $ | 64,763 | | |
| Commitments | 551 | | | 46 | | | 3 | | | 80 | | | 10 | | | — | | | 690 | | |
| Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | 338 | | | 3 | | | 8 | | | 274 | | | 2,711 | | | 1,435 | | | 4,769 | | |
| Capital reductions | (30) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (6) | | | (17) | | | (53) | | |
| Distributions | (13) | | | — | | | (11) | | | (131) | | | (386) | | | (80) | | | (621) | | |
| Redemptions | (72) | | | (110) | | | (19) | | | — | | | (26) | | | (70) | | | (297) | | |
| Change in fund value | (119) | | | (21) | | | 25 | | | (79) | | | 155 | | | (231) | | | (270) | | |
| | FPAUM Balance at 9/30/2019 | $ | 20,850 | | | $ | 3,414 | | | $ | 2,098 | | | $ | 3,972 | | | $ | 26,823 | | | $ | 11,824 | | | $ | 68,981 | | |
Average FPAUM(1) | $ | 20,523 | | | $ | 3,455 | | | $ | 2,095 | | | $ | 3,900 | | | $ | 25,594 | | | $ | 11,306 | | | $ | 66,873 | | |
| | (1) Represents a two-point average of quarter-end balances for each period. | |
| | | Syndicated Loans | | High Yield | | Multi-Asset Credit | | Alternative Credit | | U.S. Direct Lending | | European Direct Lending | | Total Credit Group | | Syndicated Loans | | High
Yield | | Multi-Asset Credit | | Alternative Credit | | U.S. Direct Lending | | European Direct Lending | | Total Credit Group |
| FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2019 | FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2019 | $ | 21,458 | | | $ | 3,495 | | | $ | 2,144 | | | $ | 4,340 | | | $ | 27,876 | | | $ | 12,567 | | | $ | 71,880 | | FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2019 | $ | 21,458 | | | $ | 3,495 | | | $ | 2,144 | | | $ | 4,340 | | | $ | 27,876 | | | $ | 12,567 | | | $ | 71,880 | |
| Acquisitions | Acquisitions | 2,596 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 2,596 | | Acquisitions | 2,596 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 2,596 | |
| Commitments | Commitments | 1,309 | | | 354 | | | 379 | | | 527 | | | 275 | | | — | | | 2,844 | | Commitments | 802 | | | 22 | | | 6 | | | 335 | | | 75 | | | — | | | 1,240 | |
| Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | 15 | | | 13 | | | 57 | | | 1,184 | | | 5,220 | | | 3,202 | | | 9,691 | | Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | — | | | — | | | 9 | | | 212 | | | 2,490 | | | 1,852 | | | 4,563 | |
| Capital reductions | Capital reductions | (89) | | | — | | | (59) | | | (227) | | | (857) | | | (287) | | | (1,519) | | Capital reductions | (25) | | | — | | | (59) | | | — | | | (2) | | | (15) | | | (101) | |
| Distributions | Distributions | (39) | | | — | | | (31) | | | (370) | | | (1,905) | | | (521) | | | (2,866) | | Distributions | (15) | | | — | | | (11) | | | (127) | | | (816) | | | (62) | | | (1,031) | |
| Redemptions | Redemptions | (241) | | | (1,065) | | | (99) | | | (96) | | | (65) | | | (39) | | | (1,605) | | Redemptions | (124) | | | (267) | | | (33) | | | (18) | | | (18) | | | (21) | | | (481) | |
| Change in fund value | Change in fund value | (42) | | | (66) | | | (18) | | | — | | | 21 | | | 429 | | | 324 | | Change in fund value | (568) | | | (411) | | | (343) | | | (571) | | | (797) | | | (216) | | | (2,906) | |
| Change in fee basis | — | | | (40) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (40) | | |
| FPAUM Balance at 9/30/2020 | $ | 24,967 | | | $ | 2,691 | | | $ | 2,373 | | | $ | 5,358 | | | $ | 30,565 | | | $ | 15,351 | | | $ | 81,305 | | |
| | FPAUM Balance at 3/31/2020 | | FPAUM Balance at 3/31/2020 | $ | 24,124 | | | $ | 2,839 | | | $ | 1,713 | | | $ | 4,171 | | | $ | 28,808 | | | $ | 14,105 | | | $ | 75,760 | |
Average FPAUM(1) | Average FPAUM(1) | $ | 23,845 | | | $ | 2,912 | | | $ | 2,127 | | | $ | 4,805 | | | $ | 28,982 | | | $ | 14,251 | | | $ | 76,922 | | Average FPAUM(1) | $ | 22,791 | | | $ | 3,167 | | | $ | 1,929 | | | $ | 4,256 | | | $ | 28,342 | | | $ | 13,336 | | | $ | 73,821 | |
| | Syndicated Loans | | High Yield | | Multi-Asset Credit | | Alternative Credit | | U.S. Direct Lending | | European Direct Lending | | Total Credit Group | |
| FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2018 | $ | 18,328 | | | $ | 4,025 | | | $ | 2,196 | | | $ | 2,826 | | | $ | 21,657 | | | $ | 8,815 | | | $ | 57,847 | | |
| Commitments | 3,179 | | | 121 | | | 105 | | | 663 | | | 30 | | | — | | | 4,098 | | |
| Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | 354 | | | 3 | | | 31 | | | 889 | | | 6,158 | | | 3,961 | | | 11,396 | | |
| Capital reductions | (650) | | | — | | | (10) | | | — | | | (558) | | | (63) | | | (1,281) | | |
| Distributions | (40) | | | (22) | | | (90) | | | (229) | | | (1,058) | | | (354) | | | (1,793) | | |
| Redemptions | (324) | | | (1,066) | | | (333) | | | (220) | | | (40) | | | (369) | | | (2,352) | | |
| Change in fund value | 3 | | | 353 | | | 199 | | | 43 | | | 634 | | | (32) | | | 1,200 | | |
| Change in fee basis | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (134) | | | (134) | | |
| FPAUM Balance at 9/30/2019 | $ | 20,850 | | | $ | 3,414 | | | $ | 2,098 | | | $ | 3,972 | | | $ | 26,823 | | | $ | 11,824 | | | $ | 68,981 | | |
Average FPAUM(1) | $ | 19,760 | | | $ | 3,796 | | | $ | 2,112 | | | $ | 3,454 | | | $ | 24,132 | | | $ | 10,377 | | | $ | 63,631 | | |
| | (1) Represents a four-point average of quarter-end balances for each period. | |
| (1) Represents the quarterly average of beginning and ending balances. | | (1) Represents the quarterly average of beginning and ending balances. |
The charts below present FPAUM for the Credit Group by its fee basis ($ in billions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| FPAUM: $81.3$91.6 | | FPAUM: $69.0$75.8 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Invested capital | | |
| Market value(1) | | Invested capital | | Collateral balances (at par) | | Capital commitments |
(1)Includes $19.3$20.9 billion and $17.6$19.0 billion from funds that primarily invest in illiquid strategies as of September 30,March 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, respectively. The underlying investments held in these funds are generally subject to less market volatility than investments held in liquid strategies.
Credit Group—Fund Performance Metrics as of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021
ARCC contributed approximately 47%45% of the Credit Group’s total management fees for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2020.March 31, 2021. In addition, to ARCC, sixfive other significant funds, ACE III, ACE IV, Ares Credit Strategies Fund III L.P. (“CSF III”), Ares Secured Income Master Fund L.P. (“ASIF”), PCS and SDL, collectively contributed approximately 20%19% of the Credit Group’s management fees for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2020.March 31, 2021.
The following table presents the performance data for our significant non-drawdownfunds that are not drawdown funds in the Credit Group as of September 30, 2020:March 31, 2021:
| | | | | | | | Returns(%)(1) | | | | | | | | | Returns(%)(1) | | |
| ($ in millions) | ($ in millions) | Year of Inception | | AUM | | Current Quarter | | Year-To-Date | | Since Inception(2) | | Primary Investment Strategy | ($ in millions) | Year of Inception | | AUM | | | Year-To-Date | | Since Inception(2) | | Primary Investment Strategy |
| Fund | Fund | | Gross | | Net | | Gross | | Net | | Gross | | Net | | Fund | | | Gross | | Net | | Gross | | Net | |
ARCC(3) | ARCC(3) | 2004 | | $ | 18,892 | | | N/A | | 6.5 | | | N/A | | 2.4 | | | N/A | | 11.4 | | | U.S. Direct Lending | ARCC(3) | 2004 | | $ | 20,687 | | | | N/A | | 5.2 | | | N/A | | 11.7 | | | U.S. Direct Lending |
ASIF(4) | ASIF(4) | 2018 | | 1,066 | | | 2.3 | | | 2.1 | | | 0.3 | | | (0.1) | | | 2.0 | | | 1.3 | | | Alternative Credit | ASIF(4) | 2018 | | 1,237 | | | | 1.2 | | | 1.0 | | | 3.2 | | | 2.6 | | | Alternative Credit |
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(1)Returns are time-weighted rates of return and include the reinvestment of income and other earnings from securities or other investments and reflect the deduction of all trading expenses.
(2)Since inception returns are annualized.
(3)Net returns are calculated using the fund's NAV and assume dividends are reinvested at the closest quarter-end NAV to the relevant quarterly ex-dividend dates. Additional information related to ARCC can be found in its financial statements filed with the SEC, which are not part of this report.
(4)Gross returns do not reflect the deduction of management fees or other expenses. Net returns are calculated by subtracting the applicable management feefees and other expenses from the gross returns on a monthly basis. ASIF is a master/feeder structure and theits AUM and returns include activity from itsits' investment in an affiliated Ares fund. Returns presented in the table are expressed in U.S. dollarsDollars and are for the master fund, excluding the share class hedges. The current quarter, to-date, year-to-date, and since inception returns (gross / net) for the pound sterling hedged Cayman feeder, the fund's sole feeder, are as follows: 2.3%1.8% / 2.1%1.7%, (1.0)%1.8% / (1.4)%1.7%, 0.2%1.9% / (0.4)%1.3%, respectively.
The following table presents the performance data of our significant drawdown funds as of September 30, 2020:March 31, 2021:
| | ($ in millions) | ($ in millions) | Year of Inception | | AUM | | Original Capital Commitments | | Capital Invested to Date | | Realized Value(1) | | Unrealized Value(2) | | Total Value | | MoIC | | IRR(%) | | Primary Investment Strategy | ($ in millions) | Year of Inception | | AUM | | Original Capital Commitments | | Capital Invested to Date | | Realized Value(1) | | Unrealized Value(2) | | Total Value | | MoIC | | IRR(%) | | Primary Investment Strategy |
| Fund | Fund | | Gross(3) | | Net(4) | | Gross(5) | | Net(6) | | Fund | | Gross(3) | | Net(4) | | Gross(5) | | Net(6) | |
| Funds Harvesting Investments | Funds Harvesting Investments | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Funds Harvesting Investments | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| CSF III | 2010 | | $ | 1,598 | | | $ | 1,135 | | | $ | 1,297 | | | $ | 867 | | | $ | 1,031 | | | $ | 1,898 | | | 1.5x | | 1.5x | | 8.9 | | | 7.6 | | | European & U.S. Direct Lending | |
| ACE III(7) | ACE III(7) | 2015 | | 5,097 | | | 2,822 | | | 2,562 | | | 682 | | | 2,587 | | | 3,269 | | | 1.4x | | 1.3x | | 11.5 | | | 8.1 | | | European Direct Lending | ACE III(7) | 2015 | | $ | 5,175 | | | $ | 2,822 | | | $ | 2,563 | | | $ | 751 | | | $ | 2,634 | | | $ | 3,385 | | | 1.4x | | 1.3x | | 11.5 | | | 8.2 | | | European Direct Lending |
| Funds Deploying Capital | Funds Deploying Capital | | Funds Deploying Capital | |
| PCS | PCS | 2017 | | 3,758 | | | 3,365 | | | 2,381 | | | 303 | | | 2,476 | | | 2,779 | | | 1.2x | | 1.1x | | 11.6 | | | 8.0 | | | U.S. Direct Lending | PCS | 2017 | | 3,957 | | | 3,365 | | | 2,381 | | | 862 | | | 2,118 | | | 2,980 | | | 1.3x | | 1.2x | | 13.1 | | | 9.3 | | | U.S. Direct Lending |
ACE IV Unlevered(8) | ACE IV Unlevered(8) | 2018 | | 10,541 | | | 2,851 | | | 1,962 | | | 104 | | | 2,006 | | | 2,110 | | | 1.1x | | 1.1x | | 8.7 | | | 6.0 | | | European Direct Lending | ACE IV Unlevered(8) | 2018 | | 10,766 | | | 2,851 | | | 2,345 | | | 162 | | | 2,411 | | | 2,573 | | | 1.1x | | 1.1x | | 9.0 | | | 6.3 | | | European Direct Lending |
ACE IV Levered(8) | ACE IV Levered(8) | | 4,819 | | | 3,279 | | | 241 | | | 3,433 | | | 3,674 | | | 1.2x | | 1.1x | | 13.1 | | | 9.3 | | | ACE IV Levered(8) | | 4,819 | | | 3,897 | | | 373 | | | 4,114 | | | 4,487 | | | 1.2x | | 1.1x | | 13.2 | | | 9.5 | | |
| SDL Unlevered | SDL Unlevered | 2018 | | 5,029 | | | 922 | | | 471 | | | 862 | | | 408 | | | 1,270 | | | 1.1x | | 1.0x | | 8.3 | | | 5.7 | | | U.S. Direct Lending | SDL Unlevered | 2018 | | 5,154 | | | 922 | | | 602 | | | 101 | | | 548 | | | 649 | | | 1.1x | | 1.1x | | 9.8 | | | 7.2 | | | U.S. Direct Lending |
| SDL Levered | SDL Levered | | 2,045 | | | 1,045 | | | 258 | | | 878 | | | 1,136 | | | 1.1x | | 1.1x | | 15.5 | | | 10.3 | | | SDL Levered | | 2,045 | | | 1,336 | | | 320 | | | 1,210 | | | 1,530 | | | 1.2x | | 1.1x | | 19.0 | | | 13.7 | | |
(1)Realized value represents the sum of all cash distributions to all partners and if applicable, exclude tax and incentive distributions made to the general partner.
(2)Unrealized value represents the fund's NAV reduced by the accrued incentive allocation, if applicable. There can be no assurance that unrealized values will be realized at the valuations indicated.
(3)The gross multiple of invested capital (“MoIC”) is calculated at the fund-level and is based on the interests of the fee-paying limited partners and if applicable, excludes interests attributable to the non-fee paying limited partners and/or the general partner which does not pay management fees or carried interest. The gross MoIC is before giving effect to management fees, carried interest and other expenses, as applicable, but after giving effect to credit facility interest expenses, as applicable. The funds may utilize a credit facility during the investment period and for general cash management purposes. The gross MoIC would generally have been lower had such fund called capital from its limited partners instead of utilizing the credit facility.facilities.
(4)The net MoIC is calculated at the fund-level and is based on the interests of the fee-paying limited partners and if applicable, excludes those interests attributable to the non-fee paying limited partners and/or the general partner which does not pay management fees or carried interest. The net MoIC is after giving effect to management fees and carried interest, other expenses and credit facility interest expenses, as applicable. The funds may utilize a credit facility during the investment period and for general cash management purposes. The net MoIC would generally have been lower had such fund called capital from its limited partners instead of utilizing the credit facility.
(5)The gross IRR is an annualized since inception gross internal rate of return of cash flows to and from the fund and the fund’s residual value at the end of the measurement period. Gross IRR reflects returns to the fee-paying limited partners and, if applicable, excludes interests attributable to the non-fee paying limited partners and/or the general partner which does not pay management fees or carried interest. The cash flow dates used in the gross IRR calculation are based on the actual dates of the cash flows. The gross IRRs are calculated before giving effect to management fees, carried interest and other expenses, as applicable, but after giving effect to credit facility interest expenses, as applicable. The funds may utilize a credit facility during the investment period and for general cash management purposes. Gross fund-level IRRs would likelygenerally have been lower had such fund called capital from its limited partners instead of utilizing the credit facility.
(6)The net IRR is an annualized since inception net internal rate of return of cash flows to and from the fund and the fund’s residual value at the end of the measurement period. Net IRRs reflect returns to the fee-paying limited partners and, if applicable, exclude interests attributable to the non-fee paying limited partners and/or the general partner which does not pay management fees or carried interest. The cash flow dates used in the net IRR calculations are based on the actual dates of the cash flows. The net IRRs are calculated after giving effect to management fees and carried interest, other expenses and credit facility interest expenses, as applicable. The funds may utilize a credit facility during the investment period and for general cash management purposes. Net fund-level IRRs would likelygenerally have been lower had such fund called capital from its limited partners instead of utilizing the credit facility.
(7)ACE III is made up of two feeder funds, one denominated in U.S. dollars and one denominated in Euros. The gross and net IRR and MoIC presented in the table are for the Euro denominated feeder fund. The gross and net IRR for the U.S. dollar denominated feeder fund are 12.8% and 9.2%9.3%, respectively. The gross and net MoIC for the U.S. dollar denominated feeder fund are 1.4x1.5x and 1.3x,1.4x, respectively. Original capital commitments are converted to U.S. dollars at the prevailing exchange rate at the time of the fund's closing. All other values for ACE III are for the combined fund and are converted to U.S. dollars at the prevailing quarter-end exchange rate.
(8)ACE IV is made up of four parallel funds, two denominated in Euros and two denominated in pound sterling: ACE IV (E) Unlevered, ACE IV (G) Unlevered, ACE IV (E) Levered and ACE IV (G) Levered. The gross and net IRR and MoIC presented in the table are for ACE IV (E) Unlevered and ACE IV (E) Levered. Metrics for ACE IV (E) Levered are inclusive of a U.S. dollar denominated feeder fund, which has not been presented separately.separately The gross and net IRR for ACE IV (G) Unlevered are 11.1%11.0% and 7.6%7.7%, respectively. The gross and net MoIC for ACE IV (G) Unlevered are 1.1x1.2x and 1.1x, respectively. The gross and net IRR for ACE IV (G) Levered are 15.1%15.2% and 10.5%10.8%, respectively. The gross and net MoIC for ACE IV (G) Levered are 1.2x and 1.1x,1.2x, respectively. Original capital commitments are converted to U.S. dollars at the prevailing exchange rate at the time of the fund's closing. All other values for ACE IV Unlevered and ACE IV Levered are for the combined levered and unlevered parallel funds and are converted to U.S. dollars at the prevailing quarter-end exchange rate.
Private Equity Group—Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 Compared to Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019March 31, 2020
Fee Related Earnings:
The following table presents the components of the Private Equity Group's FRE:
| | | Three months ended September 30, | | Favorable (Unfavorable) | | Nine months ended September 30, | | Favorable (Unfavorable) | | | Three months ended March 31, | | Favorable (Unfavorable) |
| | | | | Three months ended March 31, | Favorable (Unfavorable) |
| ($ in thousands) | ($ in thousands) | 2020 | | 2019 | | $ Change | | % Change | | 2020 | | 2019 | | $ Change | | % Change | ($ in thousands) | | 2021 | | 2020 | | $ Change | | % Change |
| Management fees | Management fees | $ | 54,653 | | | $ | 54,543 | | | $ | 110 | | | 0 | % | | $ | 160,206 | | | $ | 158,101 | | | $ | 2,105 | | | 1 | % | Management fees | | $ | 49,331 | | | $ | 52,157 | | | $ | (2,826) | | | (5) | % |
| Other fees | Other fees | 2 | | | 141 | | | (139) | | | (99) | | | 142 | | | 141 | | | 1 | | | 1 | | Other fees | | 108 | | | 110 | | | (2) | | | (2) | |
| Compensation and benefits | Compensation and benefits | (21,224) | | | (19,226) | | | (1,998) | | | (10) | | | (62,946) | | | (61,713) | | | (1,233) | | | (2) | | Compensation and benefits | | (20,685) | | | (19,596) | | | (1,089) | | | (6) | |
| General, administrative and other expenses | General, administrative and other expenses | (6,002) | | | (5,532) | | | (470) | | | (8) | | | (16,083) | | | (14,501) | | | (1,582) | | | (11) | | General, administrative and other expenses | | (4,868) | | | (5,633) | | | 765 | | | 14 | |
| Fee Related Earnings | Fee Related Earnings | $ | 27,429 | | | $ | 29,926 | | | (2,497) | | | (8) | | | $ | 81,319 | | | $ | 82,028 | | | (709) | | | (1) | | Fee Related Earnings | | $ | 23,886 | | | $ | 27,038 | | | (3,152) | | | (12) | |
Management Fees. The chart below presents Private Equity Group management fees and effective management fee rates:
Management fees increaseddecreased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019March 31, 2020 primarily from additional commitments and deployment in ASOF. Management fees also increased due to the launchstep down in fee rate and change in fee base for ACOF V as a result of theour sixth flagship corporate private equity continuation fund subsequent to the third quarter of 2019 and decreased due to ACOF III no longer paying management fees beginning in the fourth quarter of 2019. Management fees also2020. Fees from ACOF V decreased dueby $18.0 million compared to one-time catch upthe prior year period, partially offset by $12.1 million of fees from AEOF duringour sixth flagship corporate private equity fund in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.current year period. The decrease in management fees was also partially offset by an increase in fees of $5.5 million from ASOF that was driven by increased deployment.
The increasesdecrease in effective management fee ratesrate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 wereMarch 31, 2020 was primarily driven by the step down in fee rate to 0.75% for ACOF V, partially offset by increased deployment in ASOF that has a higher fee rate than the average effective management fee rate. In addition, ACOF IV continues to reduce its fee basis through the monetization of investments. While the smaller asset base reduces our management fees, it contributes to the increase in effective fee rate because the lower than average rate is paid on a smaller asset base.
Compensation and Benefits. Compensation and benefits increased by $2.0$1.1 million, or 10%6%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and by $1.2 million, or 2%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019.March 31, 2020. The increases wereactivity was primarily driven by headcount growth as we hired professionals to support the expansion of our global presence, such as our growing corporate private equity and special opportunities platforms. Average headcount for the year-to-date period increased by 6%8% to 139143 investment and investment support professionals for the 2020 periodfirst quarter of 2021 from 131133 professionals for the same period in the prior year.2020.
General, Administrative and Other Expenses. General, administrative and other expenses increaseddecreased by $0.5$0.8 million, or 8%14%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and by $1.6 million, or 11%, for the nineMarch 31, 2020. The three months ended September 30, 2020 comparedMarch 31, 2021 continued to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increases were driven by an increase in placement fees of $0.9 million and $2.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, primarily associated with new commitments to ASOF, and by costs associated with the launch of the sixth flagship corporate private equity fund, ASOF and AEOF of $0.9 million and $1.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. There were also certain expenses that increased during the current periods, including occupancy costs to support the headcount growth, information services and communication costs to support the expansion of the business and information technology to support the modified remote working environment.
The three and nine month comparative periods were also bothbe impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic that began at the end of the first quarter of 2020 and resulted in a decrease in certain operating expenses. During the second and thirdfirst quarter of 2020,2021, our operating expenses were impacted by limitations in certain business activities, most notably travel, entertainment and marketing sponsorships, and by certain office services and fringe benefits from the modified remote working environment. Collectively, these expenses decreased by $0.9 million and $2.6$1.6 million for the quarterly and year-to-date periodsthree months ended September 30, 2020, respectively,March 31, 2021, when compared to the same periodsperiod in 2019.2020.
Conversely, in connection with our fundraising efforts and the addition of investment professionals, placement fees increased by $1.0 million primarily associated with new commitments to ASOF and our sixth flagship corporate private equity fund, and recruiting fees increased to support the expanding platform.
Realized Income:
The following table presents the components of the Private Equity Group's RI:
| | | Three months ended September 30, | | Favorable (Unfavorable) | | Nine months ended September 30, | | Favorable (Unfavorable) | | | Three months ended March 31, | | Favorable (Unfavorable) |
| ($ in thousands) | ($ in thousands) | 2020 | | 2019 | | $ Change | | % Change | | 2020 | | 2019 | | $ Change | | % Change | ($ in thousands) | | 2021 | | 2020 | | $ Change | | % Change |
| Fee Related Earnings | Fee Related Earnings | $ | 27,429 | | | $ | 29,926 | | | $ | (2,497) | | | (8) | % | | $ | 81,319 | | | $ | 82,028 | | | $ | (709) | | | (1) | % | Fee Related Earnings | | $ | 23,886 | | | $ | 27,038 | | | $ | (3,152) | | | (12) | % |
| Performance income-realized | 115,997 | | | — | | | 115,997 | | | NM | | 276,469 | | | 62,492 | | | 213,977 | | | NM | |
| Performance related compensation-realized | (93,284) | | | — | | | (93,284) | | | NM | | (222,949) | | | (49,993) | | | (172,956) | | | NM | |
| Performance income-—realized | | Performance income-—realized | | 71,218 | | | 116,154 | | | (44,936) | | | (39) |
| Performance related compensation—realized | | Performance related compensation—realized | | (57,026) | | | (92,924) | | | 35,898 | | | 39 |
| Realized net performance income | Realized net performance income | 22,713 | | | — | | | 22,713 | | | NM | | 53,520 | | | 12,499 | | | 41,021 | | | NM | Realized net performance income | | 14,192 | | | 23,230 | | | (9,038) | | | (39) |
| Investment income-realized | 16,351 | | | 47 | | | 16,304 | | | NM | | 35,866 | | | 12,013 | | | 23,853 | | | 199 | |
| Interest and other investment income-realized | 1,065 | | | 435 | | | 630 | | | 145 | | 2,364 | | | 4,047 | | | (1,683) | | | (42) | |
| Investment income (loss)—realized | | Investment income (loss)—realized | | (7,170) | | | 11,470 | | | (18,640) | | | NM |
| Interest and other investment income—realized | | Interest and other investment income—realized | | 444 | | | 812 | | | (368) | | | (45) |
| Interest expense | Interest expense | (2,216) | | | (1,628) | | | (588) | | | (36) | | (6,106) | | | (6,239) | | | 133 | | | 2 | Interest expense | | (1,663) | | | (1,643) | | | (20) | | | (1) |
| Realized net investment income (loss) | Realized net investment income (loss) | 15,200 | | | (1,146) | | | 16,346 | | | NM | | 32,124 | | | 9,821 | | | 22,303 | | | 227 | Realized net investment income (loss) | | (8,389) | | | 10,639 | | | (19,028) | | | NM |
| Realized Income | Realized Income | $ | 65,342 | | | $ | 28,780 | | | 36,562 | | | 127 | | $ | 166,963 | | | $ | 104,348 | | | 62,615 | | | 60 | Realized Income | | $ | 29,689 | | | $ | 60,907 | | | (31,218) | | | (51) |
NM - Not Meaningful
Realized net performance income for the periods presented was composedthree months ended March 31, 2021 were primarily attributable to realizations from a partial sale of FRE, as explained above, realized net performance income and realizedACOF IV's position in AZEK. Realized net investment income for the respective periods.was driven by realized losses recognized in connection with an Asian corporate private equity fund’s sale of its investment in a dairy farm company, partially offset by realizations from a partial sale of ACOF IV’s position in AZEK.
Realized net performance income and realized net investment income for the three months ended September 30, 2020 were primarily attributable to realizations from the sale of ACOF III's remaining position in FND and the partial sale of ACOF IV's position in AZEK. Realized net performance income and realized net investment income for the nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2020 were primarily attributable to realizations from the monetization of ACOF IV's investment in NVANational Veterinary Associates following the sale of the company fromduring the sale of ACOF III's remaining position in FND and from the partial sale of ACOF IV's position in AZEK. Realized net investment income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was also attributable to the monetization of an infrastructure and power fund's investment in a wind project.
Realized net performance income and realized net investment income for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were primarily attributable to realizations from the partial monetization of multiple investments held within ACOF III, including partial sale of its position in FND, partial sale of its position in a real estate development portfolio company and a dividend from an ACOF III professional services portfolio company.period.
Private Equity Group—Carried Interest
The following table presents the accrued carried interest, also referred to as accrued performance income, and related performance compensation for the Private Equity Group:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | As of March 31, 2021 | | As of December 31, 2020 |
| | | As of September 30, | | As of December 31, | |
| | 2020 | | 2019 | |
| ($ in thousands) | ($ in thousands) | Accrued Performance Income | | Accrued Performance Compensation | | Accrued Net Performance Income | | Accrued Performance Income | | Accrued Performance Compensation | | Accrued Net Performance Income | ($ in thousands) | Accrued Performance Income | | Accrued Performance Compensation | | Accrued Net Performance Income | | Accrued Performance Income | | Accrued Performance Compensation | | Accrued Net Performance Income |
| ACOF III | ACOF III | $ | 54,641 | | | $ | 43,713 | | | $ | 10,928 | | | $ | 156,053 | | | $ | 124,842 | | | $ | 31,211 | | ACOF III | $ | 63,609 | | | $ | 50,888 | | | $ | 12,721 | | | $ | 55,022 | | | $ | 44,018 | | | $ | 11,004 | |
| ACOF IV | ACOF IV | 376,128 | | | 300,902 | | | 75,226 | | | 343,546 | | | 274,837 | | | 68,709 | | ACOF IV | 386,377 | | | 309,102 | | | 77,275 | | | 345,748 | | | 276,598 | | | 69,150 | |
| ACOF V | — | | | — | | | — | | | 75,099 | | | 60,079 | | | 15,020 | | |
| | Sixth flagship corporate private equity fund | | Sixth flagship corporate private equity fund | 21,057 | | | 16,845 | | | 4,212 | | | 2,624 | | | 2,099 | | | 525 | |
| | ASOF | | ASOF | 156,627 | | | 109,639 | | | 46,988 | | | 113,313 | | | 79,319 | | | 33,994 | |
| EIF V | EIF V | 41,059 | | | 30,692 | | | 10,367 | | | 28,242 | | | 21,040 | | | 7,202 | | EIF V | 59,277 | | | 44,310 | | | 14,967 | | | 54,086 | | | 40,429 | | | 13,657 | |
| AEOF | — | | | — | | | — | | | 27,377 | | | 16,426 | | | 10,951 | | |
| ASOF | 63,779 | | | 44,645 | | | 19,134 | | | 10,709 | | | 7,496 | | | 3,213 | | |
| Other funds | Other funds | (563) | | | (563) | | | — | | | 17,867 | | | 11,524 | | | 6,343 | | Other funds | 1,652 | | | 1,652 | | | — | | | 175 | | | 175 | | | — | |
| Total Private Equity Group | Total Private Equity Group | $ | 535,044 | | | $ | 419,389 | | | $ | 115,655 | | | $ | 658,893 | | | $ | 516,244 | | | $ | 142,649 | | Total Private Equity Group | $ | 688,599 | | | $ | 532,436 | | | $ | 156,163 | | | $ | 570,968 | | | $ | 442,638 | | | $ | 128,330 | |
The following tables presenttable presents the components ofchange in accrued performance income during the total unrealized gains (losses) in the carried interest allocationperiod for the Private Equity Group:
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| ($ in thousands) | | Fee Type | | Accrued Performance Income | | Change in Unrealized | | Realized | | | | Accrued Performance Income | |
| ACOF III | | American | | $ | 55,022 | | | $ | 14,613 | | | $ | (6,026) | | | | | $ | 63,609 | | |
| ACOF IV | | American | | 345,748 | | | 105,821 | | | (65,192) | | | | | 386,377 | | |
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| Sixth flagship corporate private equity fund | | American | | 2,624 | | | 18,433 | | | — | | | | | 21,057 | | |
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| ASOF | | European | | 113,313 | | | 43,314 | | | — | | | | | 156,627 | | |
| EIF V | | European | | 54,086 | | | 5,191 | | | — | | | | | 59,277 | | |
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| Other funds | | American | | 175 | | | 1,477 | | | — | | | | | 1,652 | | |
| Total Private Equity Group | | | | $ | 570,968 | | | $ | 188,849 | | | $ | (71,218) | | | | | $ | 688,599 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended September 30, 2020 | | Three months ended September 30, 2019 | | |
| ($ in thousands) | Realized | | Unrealized, net | | Total Change in Unrealized | | Realized | | Unrealized, net | | Total Change in Unrealized | | | | | | |
| ACOF III | $ | 62,677 | | | $ | (55,230) | | | $ | 7,447 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 45,693 | | | $ | 45,693 | | | | | | | |
| ACOF IV | 53,320 | | | (9,629) | | | 43,691 | | | — | | | (1,746) | | | (1,746) | | | | | | | |
| ACOF V | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 85,774 | | | 85,774 | | | | | | | |
| EIF V | — | | | 7,823 | | | 7,823 | | | — | | | (1,121) | | | (1,121) | | | | | | | |
| AEOF | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 14,963 | | | 14,963 | | | | | | | |
| ASOF | — | | | 24,172 | | | 24,172 | | | — | | | 2,746 | | | 2,746 | | | | | | | |
| Other funds | — | | | (1,108) | | | (1,108) | | | — | | | 34 | | | 34 | | | | | | | |
| Total Private Equity Group | $ | 115,997 | | | $ | (33,972) | | | $ | 82,025 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 146,343 | | | $ | 146,343 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Nine months ended September 30, 2020 | | Nine months ended September 30, 2019 | | |
| ($ in thousands) | Realized | | Unrealized, net | | Total Change in Unrealized | | Realized | | Unrealized, net | | Total Change in Unrealized | | | | | | |
| ACOF III | $ | 109,388 | | | $ | (101,412) | | | $ | 7,976 | | | $ | 64,665 | | | $ | 63,787 | | | $ | 128,452 | | | | | | | |
| ACOF IV | 167,081 | | | 32,582 | | | 199,663 | | | — | | | 101,952 | | | 101,952 | | | | | | | |
| ACOF V | — | | | (75,099) | | | (75,099) | | | — | | | 85,774 | | | 85,774 | | | | | | | |
| EIF V | — | | | 12,817 | | | 12,817 | | | — | | | 14,573 | | | 14,573 | | | | | | | |
| AEOF | — | | | (27,377) | | | (27,377) | | | — | | | 25,996 | | | 25,996 | | | | | | | |
| ASOF | — | | | 53,069 | | | 53,069 | | | — | | | 5,561 | | | 5,561 | | | | | | | |
| Other funds | — | | | (18,401) | | | (18,401) | | | (2,173) | | | (4,684) | | | (6,857) | | | | | | | |
| Total Private Equity Group | $ | 276,469 | | | $ | (123,821) | | | $ | 152,648 | | | $ | 62,492 | | | $ | 292,959 | | | $ | 355,451 | | | | | | | |
Refer to "Consolidated Results of Operations of the Company—Carried Interest Allocation" of this report for further discussion of the total change in unrealized gains (losses) in carried interest allocation for the Private Equity Group.
Private Equity Group—Assets Under Management
The tables below present rollforwards of AUM for the Private Equity Group:
| | | | | | | | | | | ($ in millions) | ($ in millions) | | Corporate Private Equity | | Infrastructure & Power | | Special Opportunities | | Energy Opportunities | | Total Private Equity Group | ($ in millions) | | Corporate Private Equity | | Infrastructure & Power | | Special Opportunities | | Total Private Equity Group |
| Balance at 6/30/2020 | | $ | 17,404 | | | $ | 3,169 | | | $ | 5,343 | | | $ | 686 | | | $ | 26,602 | | |
| Balance at 12/31/2020 | | Balance at 12/31/2020 | $ | 18,233 | | | $ | 3,485 | | | $ | 5,721 | | | $ | 27,439 | |
| | Net new par/equity commitments | Net new par/equity commitments | 270 | | | 235 | | | (30) | | | — | | | 475 | | Net new par/equity commitments | 29 | | | — | | | (50) | | | (21) | |
| | Capital reductions | Capital reductions | (3) | | | — | | | (15) | | | — | | | (18) | | Capital reductions | (2) | | | — | | | — | | | (2) | |
| Distributions | Distributions | (966) | | | (90) | | | (10) | | | — | | | (1,066) | | Distributions | (582) | | | (52) | | | — | | | (634) | |
| Redemptions | (5) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (5) | | |
| | Change in fund value | Change in fund value | 488 | | | 59 | | | 170 | | | (15) | | | 702 | | Change in fund value | 1,705 | | | 213 | | | 319 | | | 2,237 | |
| Balance at 9/30/2020 | $ | 17,188 | | | $ | 3,373 | | | $ | 5,458 | | | $ | 671 | | | $ | 26,690 | | |
| Balance at 3/31/2021 | | Balance at 3/31/2021 | $ | 19,383 | | | $ | 3,646 | | | $ | 5,990 | | | $ | 29,019 | |
Average AUM(1) | Average AUM(1) | $ | 17,296 | | | $ | 3,271 | | | $ | 5,401 | | | $ | 679 | | | $ | 26,647 | | Average AUM(1) | $ | 18,808 | | | $ | 3,566 | | | $ | 5,856 | | | $ | 28,230 | |
| | Corporate Private Equity | | Infrastructure & Power | | Special Opportunities | | Energy Opportunities | | Total Private Equity Group | |
| Balance at 6/30/2019 | $ | 17,421 | | | $ | 3,557 | | | $ | 2,872 | | | $ | 885 | | | $ | 24,735 | | |
| Net new par/equity commitments | 100 | | | — | | | 4 | | | 163 | | | 267 | | |
| Net new debt commitments | — | | | — | | | 25 | | | — | | | 25 | | |
| | Distributions | (38) | | | (42) | | | — | | | — | | | (80) | | |
| | Balance at 9/30/2019 | $ | 17,949 | | | $ | 3,518 | | | $ | 2,924 | | | $ | 1,124 | | | $ | 25,515 | | |
Average AUM(1) | $ | 17,685 | | | $ | 3,538 | | | $ | 2,898 | | | $ | 1,005 | | | $ | 25,126 | | |
| | (1) Represents a two-point average of quarter-end balances for each period. | |
| | | Corporate Private Equity | | Infrastructure & Power | | Special Opportunities | | Energy Opportunities | | Total Private Equity Group | | Corporate Private Equity | | Infrastructure & Power | | Special Opportunities | | Total Private Equity Group |
| Balance at 12/31/2019 | Balance at 12/31/2019 | $ | 17,153 | | | $ | 3,233 | | | $ | 3,527 | | | $ | 1,253 | | | $ | 25,166 | | Balance at 12/31/2019 | $ | 18,406 | | | $ | 3,233 | | | $ | 3,527 | | | $ | 25,166 | |
| | Net new par/equity commitments | Net new par/equity commitments | 3,558 | | | 235 | | | 1,800 | | | — | | | 5,593 | | Net new par/equity commitments | — | | | — | | | 364 | | | 364 | |
| | Capital reductions | Capital reductions | (7) | | | — | | | (125) | | | (1) | | | (133) | | Capital reductions | — | | | — | | | (25) | | | (25) | |
| Distributions | Distributions | (3,173) | | | (108) | | | (12) | | | — | | | (3,293) | | Distributions | (1,836) | | | — | | | (2) | | | (1,838) | |
| Redemptions | (5) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (5) | | |
| | Change in fund value | Change in fund value | (338) | | | 13 | | | 268 | | | (581) | | | (638) | | Change in fund value | (1,499) | | | (6) | | | (147) | | | (1,652) | |
| Balance at 9/30/2020 | $ | 17,188 | | | $ | 3,373 | | | $ | 5,458 | | | $ | 671 | | | $ | 26,690 | | |
| Balance at 3/31/2020 | | Balance at 3/31/2020 | $ | 15,071 | | | $ | 3,227 | | | $ | 3,717 | | | $ | 22,015 | |
Average AUM(1) | Average AUM(1) | $ | 16,452 | | | $ | 3,251 | | | $ | 4,511 | | | $ | 905 | | | $ | 25,119 | | Average AUM(1) | $ | 16,739 | | | $ | 3,230 | | | $ | 3,622 | | | $ | 23,591 | |
| | Corporate Private Equity | | Infrastructure & Power | | Special Opportunities | | Energy Opportunities | | Total Private Equity Group | |
| Balance at 12/31/2018 | $ | 17,159 | | | $ | 3,842 | | | $ | 1,733 | | | $ | 753 | | | $ | 23,487 | | |
| Net new par/equity commitments | (25) | | | — | | | 1,076 | | | 244 | | | 1,295 | | |
| Net new debt commitments | — | | | — | | | 25 | | | — | | | 25 | | |
| Capital reductions | (4) | | | — | | | — | | | (1) | | | (5) | | |
| Distributions | (982) | | | (250) | | | (43) | | | — | | | (1,275) | | |
| | Change in fund value | 1,801 | | | (74) | | | 133 | | | 128 | | | 1,988 | | |
| Balance at 9/30/2019 | $ | 17,949 | | | $ | 3,518 | | | $ | 2,924 | | | $ | 1,124 | | | $ | 25,515 | | |
Average AUM(1) | $ | 17,512 | | | $ | 3,627 | | | $ | 2,334 | | | $ | 906 | | | $ | 24,379 | | |
| | (1) Represents a four-point average of quarter-end balances for each period. | |
| (1) Represents the quarterly average of beginning and ending balances. | | (1) Represents the quarterly average of beginning and ending balances. |
The components of our AUM for the Private Equity Group are presented below ($ in billions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| AUM: $26.7$29.0 | | AUM: $25.5$22.0 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| FPAUM | | AUM not yet paying fees | | Non fee paying | | General partner and affiliates |
Private Equity Group—Fee Paying AUM
The tables below present rollforwards of fee paying AUM for the Private Equity Group:
| | | | | | | | | | | ($ in millions) | ($ in millions) | | Corporate Private Equity | | Infrastructure & Power | | Special Opportunities | | Energy Opportunities | | Total Private Equity Group | ($ in millions) | | Corporate Private Equity | | Infrastructure
& Power | | Special Opportunities | | Total Private Equity Group |
| FPAUM Balance at 6/30/2020 | $ | 10,704 | | | $ | 3,300 | | | $ | 2,425 | | | $ | 1,044 | | | $ | 17,473 | | |
| FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2020 | | FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2020 | $ | 14,770 | | | $ | 3,679 | | | $ | 2,723 | | | $ | 21,172 | |
| | Commitments | Commitments | — | | | 210 | | | — | | | — | | | 210 | | Commitments | 79 | | | — | | | — | | | 79 | |
| Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | 16 | | | — | | | 294 | | | — | | | 310 | | Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | 108 | | | — | | | 484 | | | 592 | |
| | Distributions | Distributions | (170) | | | (7) | | | (42) | | | — | | | (219) | | Distributions | (410) | | | — | | | (166) | | | (576) | |
| | Change in fund value | Change in fund value | (33) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (33) | | Change in fund value | (1) | | | — | | | — | | | (1) | |
| Change in fee basis | Change in fee basis | (17) | | | (5) | | | — | | | — | | | (22) | | Change in fee basis | (2,739) | | | — | | | — | | | (2,739) | |
| FPAUM Balance at 9/30/2020 | $ | 10,500 | | | $ | 3,498 | | | $ | 2,677 | | | $ | 1,044 | | | $ | 17,719 | | |
| FPAUM Balance at 3/31/2021 | | FPAUM Balance at 3/31/2021 | $ | 11,807 | | | $ | 3,679 | | | $ | 3,041 | | | $ | 18,527 | |
Average FPAUM(1) | Average FPAUM(1) | $ | 10,602 | | | $ | 3,399 | | | $ | 2,551 | | | $ | 1,044 | | | $ | 17,596 | | Average FPAUM(1) | $ | 13,289 | | | $ | 3,679 | | | $ | 2,882 | | | $ | 19,850 | |
| | Corporate Private Equity | | Infrastructure & Power | | Special Opportunities | | Energy Opportunities | | Total Private Equity Group | |
| FPAUM Balance at 6/30/2019 | $ | 11,570 | | | $ | 3,409 | | | $ | 1,446 | | | $ | 763 | | | $ | 17,188 | | |
| Commitments | — | | | — | | | — | | | 161 | | | 161 | | |
| Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | 27 | | | 23 | | | 124 | | | — | | | 174 | | |
| | Change in fund value | (4) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (4) | | |
| Change in fee basis | (526) | | | — | | | (73) | | | — | | | (599) | | |
| FPAUM Balance at 9/30/2019 | $ | 11,067 | | | $ | 3,432 | | | $ | 1,497 | | | $ | 924 | | | $ | 16,920 | | |
Average FPAUM(1) | $ | 11,319 | | | $ | 3,421 | | | $ | 1,472 | | | $ | 844 | | | $ | 17,056 | | |
| | (1) Represents a two-point average of quarter-end balances for each period. | |
| | | Corporate Private Equity | | Infrastructure & Power | | Special Opportunities | | Energy Opportunities | | Total Private Equity Group | | Corporate Private Equity | | Infrastructure
& Power | | Special Opportunities | | Total Private Equity Group |
| FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2019 | FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2019 | $ | 10,924 | | | $ | 3,352 | | | $ | 1,720 | | | $ | 1,044 | | | $ | 17,040 | | FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2019 | $ | 11,968 | | | $ | 3,352 | | | $ | 1,720 | | | $ | 17,040 | |
| | Commitments | — | | | 210 | | | — | | | — | | | 210 | | |
| | Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | 35 | | | — | | | 1,295 | | | — | | | 1,330 | | Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | 19 | | | — | | | 333 | | | 352 | |
| | Distributions | Distributions | (404) | | | (59) | | | (338) | | | — | | | (801) | | Distributions | (229) | | | — | | | (138) | | | (367) | |
| | Change in fund value | Change in fund value | (39) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (39) | | Change in fund value | (5) | | | — | | | — | | | (5) | |
| Change in fee basis | (16) | | | (5) | | | — | | | — | | | (21) | | |
| FPAUM Balance at 9/30/2020 | $ | 10,500 | | | $ | 3,498 | | | $ | 2,677 | | | $ | 1,044 | | | $ | 17,719 | | |
| | FPAUM Balance at 3/31/2020 | | FPAUM Balance at 3/31/2020 | $ | 11,753 | | | $ | 3,352 | | | $ | 1,915 | | | $ | 17,020 | |
Average FPAUM(1) | Average FPAUM(1) | $ | 10,709 | | | $ | 3,376 | | | $ | 2,184 | | | $ | 1,044 | | | $ | 17,313 | | Average FPAUM(1) | $ | 11,861 | | | $ | 3,352 | | | $ | 1,818 | | | $ | 17,031 | |
| | Corporate Private Equity | | Infrastructure & Power | | Special Opportunities | | Energy Opportunities | | Total Private Equity Group | |
| FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2018 | $ | 11,716 | | | $ | 3,472 | | | $ | 1,201 | | | $ | 682 | | | $ | 17,071 | | |
| Commitments | — | | | — | | | — | | | 242 | | | 242 | | |
| Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | 227 | | | 70 | | | 378 | | | — | | | 675 | | |
| Capital reductions | — | | | — | | | (8) | | | — | | | (8) | | |
| Distributions | (351) | | | (110) | | | (1) | | | — | | | (462) | | |
| | Change in fund value | 1 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1 | | |
| Change in fee basis | (526) | | | — | | | (73) | | | — | | | (599) | | |
| FPAUM Balance at 9/30/2019 | $ | 11,067 | | | $ | 3,432 | | | $ | 1,497 | | | $ | 924 | | | $ | 16,920 | | |
Average FPAUM(1) | $ | 11,500 | | | $ | 3,432 | | | $ | 1,370 | | | $ | 823 | | | $ | 17,125 | | |
| | (1) Represents a four-point average of quarter-end balances for each period. | |
| (1) Represents the quarterly average of beginning and ending balances. | | (1) Represents the quarterly average of beginning and ending balances. |
The charts below present FPAUM for the Private Equity Group by its fee basis ($ in billions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| FPAUM: $17.7$18.6 | | FPAUM: $16.9$17.0 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Invested capital | | Capital commitments | | | Invested capital |
Private Equity Group—Fund Performance Metrics as of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021
Six significant funds, U.S. Power Fund IV ("(“USPF IV"IV”), ACOF IV, Ares Special Situations Fund IV, L.P. ("SSF IV"), ACOF V, AEOF, ASOF and ASOF,our sixth flagship corporate private equity fund, collectively contributed approximately 87%80% of the Private Equity Group’s management fees for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2020. Ares Energy Investors Fund V, L.P. ("EIF V") is no longer considered a significant fund as it did not meet our significant fund thresholds beginning in the first quarter of 2020.March 31, 2021.
The following table presents the performance data as of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 for our significant funds in the Private Equity Group, all of which are drawdown funds:
| | ($ in millions) | ($ in millions) | Year of Inception | | AUM | | Original Capital Commitments | | Capital Invested to Date | | Realized Value(1) | | Unrealized Value(2) | | Total Value | | MoIC | | IRR(%) | | Primary Investment Strategy | ($ in millions) | Year of Inception | | AUM | | Original Capital Commitments | | Capital Invested to Date | | Realized Value(1) | | Unrealized Value(2) | | Total Value | | MoIC | | IRR(%) | | Primary Investment Strategy |
| Fund | Fund | | Gross(3) | | Net(4) | | Gross(5) | | Net(6) | | Fund | | Gross(3) | | Net(4) | | Gross(5) | | Net(6) | |
| Funds Harvesting Investments | Funds Harvesting Investments | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Funds Harvesting Investments | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| USPF IV | USPF IV | 2010 | | $ | 1,272 | | | $ | 1,688 | | | $ | 2,121 | | | $ | 1,394 | | | $ | 1,255 | | | $ | 2,649 | | | 1.2x | | 1.1x | | 6.0 | | 2.3 | | Infrastructure and Power | USPF IV | 2010 | | $ | 1,230 | | | $ | 1,688 | | | $ | 2,121 | | | $ | 1,403 | | | $ | 1,220 | | | $ | 2,623 | | | 1.2x | | 1.1x | | 5.4 | | 1.7 | | Infrastructure and Power |
| ACOF IV | ACOF IV | 2012 | | 4,387 | | | 4,700 | | | 4,251 | | | 5,304 | | | 3,714 | | | 9,018 | | | 2.1x | | 1.8x | | 20.1 | | 13.8 | | Corporate Private Equity | ACOF IV | 2012 | | 4,107 | | | 4,700 | | | 4,251 | | | 6,635 | | | 3,401 | | | 10,036 | | | 2.4x | | 2.0x | | 21.7 | | 15.4 | | Corporate Private Equity |
| SSF IV | 2015 | | 1,484 | | | 1,515 | | | 3,489 | | | 2,221 | | | 1,326 | | | 3,547 | | | 1.0x | | 1.0x | | 1.2 | | (0.5) | | Special Opportunities | |
| Funds Deploying Capital | Funds Deploying Capital | | Funds Deploying Capital | |
| ACOF V | ACOF V | 2017 | | 7,242 | | | 7,850 | | | 6,589 | | | 537 | | | 6,016 | | | 6,553 | | | 1.0x | | 0.9x | | (0.3) | | (4.3) | | Corporate Private Equity | ACOF V | 2017 | | 8,405 | | | 7,850 | | | 6,896 | | | 995 | | | 7,209 | | | 8,204 | | | 1.2x | | 1.1x | | 8.2 | | 4.8 | | Corporate Private Equity |
| AEOF | AEOF | 2018 | | 672 | | | 1,120 | | | 936 | | | 16 | | | 534 | | | 550 | | | 0.6x | | 0.5x | | N/A | | N/A | | Energy Opportunities | AEOF | 2018 | | 730 | | | 1,120 | | | 965 | | | 73 | | | 576 | | | 649 | | | 0.7x | | 0.6x | | (20.1) | | (28.3) | | Corporate Private Equity |
| ASOF | ASOF | 2019 | | 3,836 | | | 3,518 | | | 2,049 | | | 568 | | | 1,839 | | | 2,407 | | | 1.2x | | 1.2x | | 43.4 | | 38.8 | | Special Opportunities | ASOF | 2019 | | 4,305 | | | 3,518 | | | 3,138 | | | 1,395 | | | 2,599 | | | 3,994 | | | 1.5x | | 1.4x | | 64.8 | | 48.9 | | Special Opportunities |
| Sixth flagship corporate private equity fund | | Sixth flagship corporate private equity fund | 2020 | | 4,329 | | | 4,218 | | | 1,402 | | | 24 | | | 1,525 | | | 1,549 | | | 1.1x | | 1.1x | | N/A | | N/A | | Corporate Private Equity |
(1)Realized value represents the sum of all cash dividends, interest income, other fees and cash proceeds from realizations of interests in portfolio investments. Realized value excludes any proceeds related to bridge financings.
(2)Unrealized value represents the fair market value of remaining investments. Unrealized value does not take into account any bridge financings. There can be no assurance that unrealized investments will be realized at the valuations indicated.
(3)TheFor the corporate private equity and infrastructure and power funds, the gross MoIC is calculated at the investment-level and is based on the interests of all partners. The gross MoIC is before giving effect to management fees, carried interest, as applicable, and other expenses. For the special opportunities funds, the gross MoIC is calculated at the fund-level and is based on the interests of the fee-paying limited partners and if applicable, excludes interests attributable to the non-fee paying limited partners and/or the general partner which does not pay management fees or carried interest. The gross MoIC is before giving effect to management fees, carried interest as applicable, and other expenses, but after giving effect to credit facility interest expenses, as applicable. The gross MoICMoICs for the corporate private equity and special opportunities funds isare also calculated before giving effect to any bridge financings. Inclusive of bridge financings, the gross MoIC would be 2.0x2.2x for ACOF IV, 1.0x1.2x for ACOF V, "N/A" for the sixth flagship corporate private equity fund, 0.7x for AEOF and 0.6x1.4x for AEOF.ASOF. The funds may utilize a credit facility during the investment period and for general cash management purposes. The gross MoIC would generally have been lower if such funds called capital from its limited partners instead of utilizing the credit facility.
(4)The net MoIC for USPF IV and SSF IVASOF is calculated at the fund-level. The net MoIC for the corporate private equity and energy opportunities funds is calculated at the investment level. For all funds, the net MoIC is based on the interests of the fee-paying limited partners and if applicable, excludes interests attributable to the non-fee paying limited partners and/or the general partner which does not pay management fees or performance fees. The net MoIC is after giving effect to management fees and carried interest, other expenses and credit facility interest expenses, as applicable. The funds may utilize a credit facility during the investment period and for general cash management purposes. The net MoIC would generally have been lower had such fund called capital from its limited partners instead of utilizing the credit facility.
(5)TheFor the corporate private equity and infrastructure and power funds, the gross IRR is an annualized since inception gross internal rate of return of cash flows to and from investments and the residual value of the investments at the end of the measurement period. Gross IRRs reflect returns to all partners. For SSF IV,The cash flowsflow dates used in the gross IRR calculation are based on the actual dates of the cash flows. For all other funds, cash flows are assumed to occur at month-end. The gross IRRs are calculated before giving effect to management fees, carried interest, as applicable, and other expenses. For the special opportunities funds the gross IRR is an annualized since inception gross internal rate of return of cash flows to and from the fund and the fund’s residual value at the end of the measurement period. Gross IRRs reflect returns to the fee-paying limited partners and, if applicable, excludes interests attributable to the non-fee paying limited partners and/or the general partner which does not pay management fees or carried interest. The cash flow dates used in the gross IRR calculation are based on the actual dates of the cash flows. The gross IRRs are calculated before giving effect to management fees, carried interest, as applicable, and other expenses, but after giving effect to credit facility interest expenses, as applicable. The gross IRRIRRs for the corporate private equity and special opportunities funds isare also calculated before giving effect to any bridge financings. Inclusive of bridge financings, the gross IRRIRRs would be 20.0%21.6% for ACOF IV, and 0.2%8.3% for ACOF V.V, "N/A" for the sixth flagship corporate private equity fund, (20.0)% for AEOF and 64.2% for ASOF. The funds may utilize a credit facility during the investment period and for general cash management purposes. Gross fund-level IRRs would generally have been lower had such fund called capital from its limited partners instead of utilizing the credit facility.
(6)The net IRR is an annualized since inception net internal rate of return of cash flows to and from the fund and the fund’s residual value at the end of the measurement period. Net IRRs reflect returns to the fee-paying limited partners and if applicable, exclude interests attributable to the non-fee paying limited partners and/or the general partner which does not pay management fees or carried interest. The cash flow dates used in the net IRR calculation are based on the actual dates of the cash flows. The net IRRs are calculated after giving effect to management fees, carried interest as applicable, and other expenses and exclude commitments by the general partner and Schedule I investorsnon-fee paying limited partners who do not pay either management fees or carried interest. The funds may utilize a credit facility during the investment period and for general cash management purposes. Net fund-level IRRs would generally have generally been lower had such fund called capital from its limited partners instead of utilizing the credit facility. Net IRRs in the table for ASOF are presented on a non-annualized basis since the calculation period is less than one year. On an annualized basis, ASOF's net IRR is 52.1%.
Real Estate Group—Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 Compared to Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019March 31, 2020
Fee Related Earnings:
The following table presents the components of the Real Estate Group's FRE:
| | | Three months ended September 30, | | Favorable (Unfavorable) | | Nine months ended September 30, | | Favorable (Unfavorable) | | | Three months ended March 31, | | Favorable (Unfavorable) |
| | | | | Three months ended March 31, | Favorable (Unfavorable) |
| ($ in thousands) | ($ in thousands) | 2020 | | 2019 | | $ Change | | % Change | | 2020 | | 2019 | | $ Change | | % Change | ($ in thousands) | | 2021 | | 2020 | | $ Change | | % Change |
| Management fees | Management fees | $ | 23,787 | | | $ | 26,988 | | | $ | (3,201) | | | (12) | % | | $ | 71,459 | | | $ | 67,408 | | | $ | 4,051 | | | 6 | % | Management fees | | $ | 29,632 | | | $ | 24,184 | | | $ | 5,448 | | | 23 | % |
| Other fees | Other fees | 5 | | | 28 | | | (23) | | | (82) | | | 716 | | | 709 | | | 7 | | | 1 | | Other fees | | 648 | | | 704 | | | (56) | | | (8) | |
| Compensation and benefits | Compensation and benefits | (13,011) | | | (14,523) | | | 1,512 | | | 10 | | | (38,159) | | | (35,735) | | | (2,424) | | | (7) | | Compensation and benefits | | (15,941) | | | (12,413) | | | (3,528) | | | (28) | |
| General, administrative and other expenses | General, administrative and other expenses | (2,987) | | | (3,341) | | | 354 | | | 11 | | | (9,185) | | | (9,996) | | | 811 | | | 8 | | General, administrative and other expenses | | (3,295) | | | (2,935) | | | (360) | | | (12) | |
| Fee Related Earnings | Fee Related Earnings | $ | 7,794 | | | $ | 9,152 | | | (1,358) | | | (15) | | | $ | 24,831 | | | $ | 22,386 | | | 2,445 | | | 11 | | Fee Related Earnings | | $ | 11,044 | | | $ | 9,540 | | | 1,504 | | | 16 | |
Management Fees. The chart below presents Real Estate Group management fees and effective management fee rates:
Management fees decreasedincreased for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 primarily due to one-time catch up fees from EF V in the prior period. Management fees increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared to the ninethree months ended September 30, 2019March 31, 2020 primarily due to new capitaladditional commitments relating to the launch ofAres U.S. Real Estate Opportunity Fund III, L.P. (“AREOF III”), which increased fees by $1.6 million, and to our third U.S. opportunisticEuropean value-add real estate equity fund, in the fourth quarter of 2019, thatwhich increased fees by $1.6 million. The additional commitments to these funds also generated one-time catch upcatch-up fees in the current year period.Management fees from real estate debt funds increased by $1.1 million from the prior year period primarily due to the continued fundraising and subsequent deployment of $0.2these open-ended funds. Management fees included $2.0 million and $0.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020,of
respectively. Management fees also increased with deployment from our open-ended real estate debt funds, generating additional fees of $0.7 million and $2.3 milliondeferred revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30,March 31, 2020 compared tothat did not recur in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the increase in management fees was alsocurrent year period, driven by our Real Estate Group completing the sale of its stake in a 40-property pan-European logistics portfolio that resulted in the recognition of $2.0 million of deferred revenue that will not recur in future periods.portfolio.
The decreasesdecrease in effective management fee ratesrate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 wereMarch 31, 2020 was primarily due to the increase in committed capital from the launch of our AREOF III and our third U.S. opportunisticEuropean value-add real estate equity fund. Our most recent real estate equity funds pay a fixed fee on committed capital that increases once that capital is invested. As a result, our effective management fee rate decreases immediately following capital raising and increases as capital is subsequently deployed.
Compensation and Benefits. Compensation and benefits decreasedincreased by $1.5$3.5 million, or 10%28%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and increased by $2.4 million, or 7%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Salaries and benefits increased for the three and nine month comparative periods primarily driven by headcount growth as we hired professionals to support each of the growing platforms, including the addition of new senior executives in the fourth quarter of 2019.March 31, 2020. The increase in salaries and benefits for the three month comparative period was more than offsetprimarily driven by lowerhigher incentive compensation attributable to theimproved operating performance for the comparative period, primarilyand margin expansion from the decrease in management fees resulting from the one-time catch up fees from EF V in the prior period.scaling our business, and by headcount and merit increases across all strategies. Average headcount for the year-to-date period increased by 8%12% to 100104 investment and investment support professionals for the 2020 periodfirst quarter of 2021 from 9293 professionals for the same period in the prior year.2020.
General, Administrative and Other Expenses. General, administrative and other expenses decreasedincreased by $0.4 million, or 11%12%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019March 31, 2020. The change was driven by an increase in placement fees of $0.5 million, primarily associated with new commitments to AREOF III, and by $0.8an increase of $0.2 million or 8%, for the ninein organizational and structuring costs associated with various funds.
The three months ended September 30, 2020 comparedMarch 31, 2021 continued to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The three and nine month comparative periods were bothbe impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic that began at the end of the first quarter of 2020 and resulted in a decrease in certain operating expenses. During the second and thirdfirst quarter of 2020,2021, our operating expenses were impacted by limitations in certain business activities, most notably travel, entertainment and marketing sponsorships, and by certain office services and fringe benefits from the modified remote working environment. Collectively, these expenses decreased by $0.7 million and $1.5$0.6 million for the quarterly and year-to-date periodsthree months ended September 30, 2020, respectively,March 31, 2021, when compared to the same periodsperiod in 2019.
There were also certain expenses that increased during the current periods, including occupancy costs to support the headcount growth, information services and communication costs to support the expansion of the business and information technology to support the modified remote working environment. In addition, placement fees increased by $0.5 million and $1.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, associated with new commitments to our third U.S. opportunistic real estate equity fund.2020.
Realized Income:
The following table presents the components of the Real Estate Group's RI:
| | | Three months ended September 30, | | Favorable (Unfavorable) | | Nine months ended September 30, | | Favorable (Unfavorable) | | | Three months ended March 31, | | Favorable (Unfavorable) |
| | | | | Three months ended March 31, | Favorable (Unfavorable) |
| ($ in thousands) | ($ in thousands) | 2020 | | 2019 | | $ Change | | % Change | | 2020 | | 2019 | | $ Change | | % Change | ($ in thousands) | | 2021 | | 2020 | | $ Change | | % Change |
| Fee Related Earnings | Fee Related Earnings | $ | 7,794 | | | $ | 9,152 | | | $ | (1,358) | | | (15)% | | $ | 24,831 | | | $ | 22,386 | | | $ | 2,445 | | | 11% | Fee Related Earnings | | $ | 11,044 | | | $ | 9,540 | | | $ | 1,504 | | | 16% |
| Performance income-realized | 199 | | | 6,277 | | | (6,078) | | | (97) | | 27,106 | | | 10,468 | | | 16,638 | | | 159 | |
| Performance related compensation-realized | (123) | | | (1,412) | | | 1,289 | | | 91 | | (17,484) | | | (3,638) | | | (13,846) | | | NM | |
| Performance income—realized | | Performance income—realized | | 1,947 | | | 26,600 | | | (24,653) | | | (93) |
| Performance related compensation—realized | | Performance related compensation—realized | | (1,177) | | | (17,170) | | | 15,993 | | | 93 |
| Realized net performance income | Realized net performance income | 76 | | | 4,865 | | | (4,789) | | | (98) | | 9,622 | | | 6,830 | | | 2,792 | | | 41 | Realized net performance income | | 770 | | | 9,430 | | | (8,660) | | | (92) |
| Investment income-realized | 486 | | | 2,015 | | | (1,529) | | | (76) | | 2,740 | | | 7,041 | | | (4,301) | | | (61) | |
| Interest and other investment income-realized | 1,308 | | | 1,588 | | | (280) | | | (18) | | 3,024 | | | 4,812 | | | (1,788) | | | (37) | |
| Investment income (loss)—realized | | Investment income (loss)—realized | | (222) | | | 1,290 | | | (1,512) | | | NM |
| Interest and other investment income—realized | | Interest and other investment income—realized | | 2,028 | | | 796 | | | 1,232 | | | 155 |
| Interest expense | Interest expense | (1,389) | | | (967) | | | (422) | | | (44) | | (3,715) | | | (3,136) | | | (579) | | | (18) | Interest expense | | (1,125) | | | (971) | | | (154) | | | (16) |
| Realized net investment income | Realized net investment income | 405 | | | 2,636 | | | (2,231) | | | (85) | | 2,049 | | | 8,717 | | | (6,668) | | | (76) | Realized net investment income | | 681 | | | 1,115 | | | (434) | | | (39) |
| Realized Income | Realized Income | $ | 8,275 | | | $ | 16,653 | | | (8,378) | | | (50) | | $ | 36,502 | | | $ | 37,933 | | | (1,431) | | | (4) | Realized Income | | $ | 12,495 | | | $ | 20,085 | | | (7,590) | | | (38) |
NM - Not Meaningful
Realized net performance income for the periods presentedthree months ended March 31, 2021 was composedprimarily generated from the sale of FRE, as explained above, realized net performance income and realizeda property held in a European real estate equity fund. Realized net investment income for the respective periods.
three months ended March 31, 2021 was primarily attributable to a distribution from a real estate debt vehicle. Realized net performance income and realized net investment income for the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2020 were primarily attributable to realizations from the sale of multiple properties held in a U.S. real estate equity fund and the sale of a 40-property pan-European logistics portfolio held within multiple European real estate funds.
Realized net performance income and investment income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 were primarily attributable to the sale
Real Estate Group— Carried Interest and Incentive Fees
The following table presents the accrued carried interest and incentive fee receivables,fees receivable, also referred to as accrued performance income, and related performance compensation for the Real Estate Group:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | As of March 31, 2021 | | As of December 31, 2020 |
| | | As of September 30, | | As of December 31, | |
| | 2020 | | 2019 | |
| ($ in thousands) | ($ in thousands) | Accrued Performance Income | | Accrued Performance Compensation | | Accrued Net Performance Income | | Accrued Performance Income | | Accrued Performance Compensation | | Accrued Net Performance Income | ($ in thousands) | Accrued Performance Income | | Accrued Performance Compensation | | Accrued Net Performance Income | | Accrued Performance Income | | Accrued Performance Compensation | | Accrued Net Performance Income |
| Accrued Carried Interest | | Accrued Carried Interest | | | | | | | | | | | |
| US IX | US IX | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 6,844 | | | $ | 4,243 | | | $ | 2,601 | | US IX | $ | 35,874 | | | $ | 22,241 | | | $ | 13,633 | | | $ | 26,704 | | | $ | 16,556 | | | $ | 10,148 | |
| EF IV | EF IV | 66,143 | | | 39,687 | | | 26,456 | | | 70,440 | | | 42,265 | | | 28,175 | | EF IV | 55,944 | | | 33,567 | | | 22,377 | | | 55,829 | | | 33,498 | | | 22,331 | |
| Other real estate funds | Other real estate funds | 124,994 | | | 78,947 | | | 46,047 | | | 128,826 | | | 80,974 | | | 47,852 | | Other real estate funds | 131,260 | | | 83,228 | | | 48,032 | | | 119,036 | | | 75,062 | | | 43,974 | |
| Subtotal | 191,137 | | | 118,634 | | | 72,503 | | | 206,110 | | | 127,482 | | | 78,628 | | |
Other fee generating funds(1) | Other fee generating funds(1) | 2,891 | | | — | | | 2,891 | | | 7,268 | | | — | | | 7,268 | | Other fee generating funds(1) | 2,841 | | | — | | | 2,841 | | | 2,786 | | | — | | | 2,786 | |
| Total accrued carried interest | | Total accrued carried interest | 225,919 | | | 139,036 | | | 86,883 | | | 204,355 | | | 125,116 | | | 79,239 | |
| Incentive fees | | Incentive fees | 658 | | | 395 | | | 263 | | | 525 | | | 315 | | | 210 | |
| Total Real Estate Group | Total Real Estate Group | $ | 194,028 | | | $ | 118,634 | | | $ | 75,394 | | | $ | 213,378 | | | $ | 127,482 | | | $ | 85,896 | | Total Real Estate Group | $ | 226,577 | | | $ | 139,431 | | | $ | 87,146 | | | $ | 204,880 | | | $ | 125,431 | | | $ | 79,449 | |
(1)Relates to investment income from AREA Sponsor Holdings LLC that is reclassified for segment reporting to align with the character of the underlying income generated.
The following table presents the change in accrued performance income from the prior year end was primarily attributable to the following: (i) a $7.5 million increase in total unrealized carried interest allocation for the nine months ended September 30, 2020; offset by (ii) $27.1 million of carried interest allocation and incentive fees realized during the nine months ended September 30, 2020; and (iii) $0.2 million increase in foreign currency translation and other adjustments.
The following tables present the components of total change in unrealized incentive fees and carried interest allocationperiod for the Real Estate Group:
| | | | | | | Three months ended September 30, 2020 | | Three months ended September 30, 2019 | | | | As of December 31, 2020 | | Activity during the period | | As of March 31, 2021 | |
| ($ in thousands) | ($ in thousands) | Realized | | Unrealized, net | | Total Change in Unrealized | | Realized | | Unrealized, net | | Total Change in Unrealized | | ($ in thousands) | | Waterfall Type | | Accrued Carried Interest | | Change in Unrealized | | Realized | | | Accrued Carried Interest | |
| US IX | US IX | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 144 | | | $ | 144 | | | US IX | | European | | $ | 26,704 | | | $ | 9,170 | | | $ | — | | | | $ | 35,874 | | |
| EF IV | EF IV | — | | | 11,179 | | | 11,179 | | | — | | | 6,953 | | | 6,953 | | | EF IV | | American | | 55,829 | | | 115 | | | — | | | | 55,944 | | |
| Other real estate funds | Other real estate funds | 174 | | | 12,747 | | | 12,921 | | | 2,318 | | | 6,542 | | | 8,860 | | | Other real estate funds | | European | | 86,592 | | | 8,824 | | | — | | | | 95,416 | | |
| Subtotal | 174 | | | 23,926 | | | 24,100 | | | 2,318 | | | 13,639 | | | 15,957 | | | |
| Other real estate funds | | Other real estate funds | | American | | 32,444 | | | 4,681 | | | (1,281) | | | | 35,844 | | |
Other fee generating funds(1) | | Other fee generating funds(1) | | European | | 426 | | | — | | | — | | | | 426 | | |
Other fee generating funds(1) | Other fee generating funds(1) | 25 | | | (317) | | | (292) | | | 3,959 | | | (3,985) | | | (26) | | | Other fee generating funds(1) | | American | | 2,360 | | | 55 | | | — | | | | 2,415 | | |
| Total Real Estate Group | Total Real Estate Group | $ | 199 | | | $ | 23,609 | | | $ | 23,808 | | | $ | 6,277 | | | $ | 9,654 | | | $ | 15,931 | | | Total Real Estate Group | | $ | 204,355 | | | $ | 22,845 | | | $ | (1,281) | | | | $ | 225,919 | | |
| | | Nine months ended September 30, 2020 | | Nine months ended September 30, 2019 | | |
| ($ in thousands) | Realized | | Unrealized, net | | Total Change in Unrealized | | Realized | | Unrealized, net | | Total Change in Unrealized | | |
| US IX | $ | — | | | $ | (6,844) | | | $ | (6,844) | | | $ | — | | | $ | 144 | | | $ | 144 | | | |
| EF IV | — | | | (4,562) | | | (4,562) | | | — | | | 8,025 | | | 8,025 | | | |
| Other real estate funds | 26,571 | | | (3,970) | | | 22,601 | | | 6,042 | | | 37,442 | | | 43,484 | | | |
| Subtotal | 26,571 | | | (15,376) | | | 11,195 | | | 6,042 | | | 45,611 | | | 51,653 | | | |
Other fee generating funds(1) | 535 | | | (4,199) | | | (3,664) | | | 4,426 | | | (3,872) | | | 554 | | | |
| Total Real Estate Group | $ | 27,106 | | | $ | (19,575) | | | $ | 7,531 | | | $ | 10,468 | | | $ | 41,739 | | | $ | 52,207 | | | |
(1)Relates to investment income from AREA Sponsor Holdings LLC that is reclassified for segment reporting to align with the character of the underlying income generated.
Real Estate Group—Assets Under Management
The tables below present rollforwards of AUM for the Real Estate Group:
| | | | | | | | | | | ($ in millions) | ($ in millions) | | Real Estate Equity - U.S. | | Real Estate Equity - Europe | | Real Estate Debt | | Total Real Estate Group | ($ in millions) | | Real Estate Equity - U.S. | | Real Estate Equity - Europe | | Real Estate Debt | | Total Real Estate Group |
| Balance at 6/30/2020 | $ | 4,148 | | | $ | 4,606 | | | $ | 5,641 | | | $ | 14,395 | | |
| Balance at 12/31/2020 | | Balance at 12/31/2020 | $ | 4,404 | | | $ | 4,811 | | | $ | 5,593 | | | $ | 14,808 | |
| | Net new par/equity commitments | Net new par/equity commitments | 30 | | | (25) | | | 21 | | | 26 | | Net new par/equity commitments | 433 | | | 94 | | | 203 | | | 730 | |
| Net new debt commitments | Net new debt commitments | — | | | — | | | 23 | | | 23 | | Net new debt commitments | — | | | — | | | 1,880 | | | 1,880 | |
| Capital reductions | Capital reductions | — | | | — | | | (186) | | | (186) | | Capital reductions | — | | | — | | | (232) | | | (232) | |
| Distributions | Distributions | (70) | | | (71) | | | (20) | | | (161) | | Distributions | (43) | | | (96) | | | (32) | | | (171) | |
| | Change in fund value | Change in fund value | 82 | | | 171 | | | 29 | | | 282 | | Change in fund value | 115 | | | (39) | | | 38 | | | 114 | |
| Balance at 9/30/2020 | $ | 4,190 | | | $ | 4,681 | | | $ | 5,508 | | | $ | 14,379 | | |
| Balance at 3/31/2021 | | Balance at 3/31/2021 | $ | 4,909 | | | $ | 4,770 | | | $ | 7,450 | | | $ | 17,129 | |
Average AUM(1) | Average AUM(1) | $ | 4,169 | | | $ | 4,644 | | | $ | 5,575 | | | $ | 14,388 | | Average AUM(1) | $ | 4,657 | | | $ | 4,791 | | | $ | 6,522 | | | $ | 15,970 | |
| | Real Estate Equity - U.S. | | Real Estate Equity - Europe | | Real Estate Debt | | Total Real Estate Group | |
| Balance at 6/30/2019 | $ | 3,504 | | | $ | 4,182 | | | $ | 4,182 | | | $ | 11,868 | | |
| Net new par/equity commitments | 8 | | | 496 | | | 449 | | | 953 | | |
| | Distributions | (207) | | | (112) | | | (12) | | | (331) | | |
| | Change in fund value | 50 | | | (71) | | | 12 | | | (9) | | |
| Balance at 9/30/2019 | $ | 3,355 | | | $ | 4,495 | | | $ | 4,631 | | | $ | 12,481 | | |
Average AUM(1) | $ | 3,430 | | | $ | 4,339 | | | $ | 4,407 | | | $ | 12,176 | | |
| | (1) Represents a two-point average of quarter-end balances for each period. | |
| | | Real Estate Equity - U.S. | | Real Estate Equity - Europe | | Real Estate Debt | | Total Real Estate Group | | Real Estate Equity - U.S. | | Real Estate Equity - Europe | | Real Estate Debt | | Total Real Estate Group |
| Balance at 12/31/2019 | Balance at 12/31/2019 | $ | 3,793 | | | $ | 4,588 | | | $ | 4,826 | | | $ | 13,207 | | Balance at 12/31/2019 | $ | 3,793 | | | $ | 4,588 | | | $ | 4,826 | | | $ | 13,207 | |
| | Net new par/equity commitments | Net new par/equity commitments | 664 | | | 687 | | | 641 | | | 1,992 | | Net new par/equity commitments | 559 | | | 581 | | | 420 | | | 1,560 | |
| Net new debt commitments | Net new debt commitments | — | | | — | | | 287 | | | 287 | | Net new debt commitments | — | | | — | | | 226 | | | 226 | |
| Capital reductions | — | | | — | | | (222) | | | (222) | | |
| | Distributions | Distributions | (214) | | | (722) | | | (57) | | | (993) | | Distributions | (53) | | | (572) | | | (18) | | | (643) | |
| | Change in fund value | Change in fund value | (53) | | | 128 | | | 33 | | | 108 | | Change in fund value | (126) | | | (86) | | | (26) | | | (238) | |
| Balance at 9/30/2020 | $ | 4,190 | | | $ | 4,681 | | | $ | 5,508 | | | $ | 14,379 | | |
| Balance at 3/31/2020 | | Balance at 3/31/2020 | $ | 4,173 | | | $ | 4,511 | | | $ | 5,428 | | | $ | 14,112 | |
Average AUM(1) | Average AUM(1) | $ | 4,076 | | | $ | 4,597 | | | $ | 5,351 | | | $ | 14,024 | | Average AUM(1) | $ | 3,983 | | | $ | 4,550 | | | $ | 5,127 | | | $ | 13,660 | |
| | Real Estate Equity - U.S. | | Real Estate Equity - Europe | | Real Estate Debt | | Total Real Estate Group | |
| Balance at 12/31/2018 | $ | 4,163 | | | $ | 3,711 | | | $ | 3,466 | | | $ | 11,340 | | |
| Net new par/equity commitments | (64) | | | 966 | | | 667 | | | 1,569 | | |
| Net new debt commitments | — | | | — | | | 583 | | | 583 | | |
| Capital reductions | — | | | — | | | (89) | | | (89) | | |
| Distributions | (995) | | | (204) | | | (31) | | | (1,230) | | |
| | Change in fund value | 251 | | | 22 | | | 35 | | | 308 | | |
| Balance at 9/30/2019 | $ | 3,355 | | | $ | 4,495 | | | $ | 4,631 | | | $ | 12,481 | | |
Average AUM(1) | $ | 3,729 | | | $ | 4,071 | | | $ | 4,075 | | | $ | 11,875 | | |
| | (1) Represents a four-point average of quarter-end balances for each period. | |
| (1) Represents the quarterly average of beginning and ending balances. | | (1) Represents the quarterly average of beginning and ending balances. |
The components of our AUM for the Real Estate Group are presented below ($ in billions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| AUM: $14.4$17.2 | | AUM: $12.5$14.1 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| FPAUM | | AUM not yet paying fees | | Non-fee paying | | General partner and affiliates |
Real Estate Group—Fee Paying AUM
The tables below present rollforwards of fee paying AUM for the Real Estate Group:
| | | | | | | | | | | ($ in millions) | ($ in millions) | | Real Estate Equity - U.S. | | Real Estate Equity - Europe | | Real Estate Debt | | Total Real Estate Group | ($ in millions) | | Real Estate Equity - U.S. | | Real Estate Equity - Europe | | Real Estate Debt | | Total Real Estate Group |
| FPAUM Balance at 6/30/2020 | $ | 3,508 | | | $ | 3,965 | | | $ | 1,858 | | | $ | 9,331 | | |
| FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2020 | | FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2020 | $ | 3,659 | | | $ | 4,088 | | | $ | 2,505 | | | $ | 10,252 | |
| | Commitments | Commitments | 43 | | | — | | | — | | | 43 | | Commitments | 301 | | | 94 | | | 101 | | | 496 | |
| Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | 18 | | | 3 | | | 55 | | | 76 | | Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | 119 | | | 10 | | | 208 | | | 337 | |
| Capital reductions | Capital reductions | — | | | — | | | (2) | | | (2) | | Capital reductions | — | | | — | | | (32) | | | (32) | |
| Distributions | Distributions | (17) | | | (48) | | | (20) | | | (85) | | Distributions | (43) | | | (54) | | | (44) | | | (141) | |
| | Change in fund value | Change in fund value | — | | | 130 | | | 26 | | | 156 | | Change in fund value | — | | | (122) | | | 30 | | | (92) | |
| Change in fee basis | (86) | | | — | | | — | | | (86) | | |
| FPAUM Balance at 9/30/2020 | $ | 3,466 | | | $ | 4,050 | | | $ | 1,917 | | | $ | 9,433 | | |
| | FPAUM Balance at 3/31/2021 | | FPAUM Balance at 3/31/2021 | $ | 4,036 | | | $ | 4,016 | | | $ | 2,768 | | | $ | 10,820 | |
Average FPAUM(1) | Average FPAUM(1) | $ | 3,487 | | | $ | 4,008 | | | $ | 1,888 | | | $ | 9,383 | | Average FPAUM(1) | $ | 3,848 | | | $ | 4,052 | | | $ | 2,637 | | | $ | 10,537 | |
| | Real Estate Equity - U.S. | | Real Estate Equity - Europe | | Real Estate Debt | | Total Real Estate Group | |
| FPAUM Balance at 6/30/2019 | $ | 2,628 | | | $ | 3,638 | | | $ | 1,197 | | | $ | 7,463 | | |
| Commitments | — | | | 426 | | | — | | | 426 | | |
| Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | 31 | | | 99 | | | 145 | | | 275 | | |
| Capital reductions | — | | | — | | | (74) | | | (74) | | |
| Distributions | (95) | | | (53) | | | (12) | | | (160) | | |
| | Change in fund value | (3) | | | (102) | | | 9 | | | (96) | | |
| Change in fee basis | (221) | | | (197) | | | — | | | (418) | | |
| FPAUM Balance at 9/30/2019 | $ | 2,340 | | | $ | 3,811 | | | $ | 1,265 | | | $ | 7,416 | | |
Average FPAUM(1) | $ | 2,484 | | | $ | 3,725 | | | $ | 1,231 | | | $ | 7,440 | | |
| | (1) Represents a two-point average of quarter-end balances for each period. | |
| | | Real Estate Equity - U.S. | | Real Estate Equity - Europe | | Real Estate Debt | | Total Real Estate Group | | Real Estate Equity - U.S. | | Real Estate Equity - Europe | | Real Estate Debt | | Total Real Estate Group |
| FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2019 | FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2019 | $ | 2,635 | | | $ | 3,792 | | | $ | 1,536 | | | $ | 7,963 | | FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2019 | $ | 2,635 | | | $ | 3,792 | | | $ | 1,536 | | | $ | 7,963 | |
| | Commitments | Commitments | 874 | | | 594 | | | 73 | | | 1,541 | | Commitments | 756 | | | 539 | | | 73 | | | 1,368 | |
| Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | 114 | | | 151 | | | 343 | | | 608 | | Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | 48 | | | 145 | | | 287 | | | 480 | |
| Capital reductions | Capital reductions | — | | | (17) | | | (32) | | | (49) | | Capital reductions | — | | | (10) | | | (1) | | | (11) | |
| Distributions | Distributions | (71) | | | (267) | | | (56) | | | (394) | | Distributions | (22) | | | (186) | | | (18) | | | (226) | |
| | Change in fund value | Change in fund value | — | | | 108 | | | 53 | | | 161 | | Change in fund value | — | | | (58) | | | 10 | | | (48) | |
| Change in fee basis | Change in fee basis | (86) | | | (311) | | | — | | | (397) | | Change in fee basis | — | | | (311) | | | — | | | (311) | |
| FPAUM Balance at 9/30/2020 | $ | 3,466 | | | $ | 4,050 | | | $ | 1,917 | | | $ | 9,433 | | |
| FPAUM Balance at 3/31/2020 | | FPAUM Balance at 3/31/2020 | $ | 3,417 | | | $ | 3,911 | | | $ | 1,887 | | | $ | 9,215 | |
Average FPAUM(1) | Average FPAUM(1) | $ | 3,257 | | | $ | 3,930 | | | $ | 1,800 | | | $ | 8,987 | | Average FPAUM(1) | $ | 3,026 | | | $ | 3,852 | | | $ | 1,712 | | | $ | 8,590 | |
| | Real Estate Equity - U.S. | | Real Estate Equity - Europe | | Real Estate Debt | | Total Real Estate Group | |
| FPAUM Balance at 12/31/2018 | $ | 2,739 | | | $ | 3,269 | | | $ | 944 | | | $ | 6,952 | | |
| Commitments | — | | | 790 | | | — | | | 790 | | |
| Subscriptions/deployment/increase in leverage | 186 | | | 187 | | | 462 | | | 835 | | |
| Capital reductions | — | | | — | | | (142) | | | (142) | | |
| Distributions | (361) | | | (111) | | | (31) | | | (503) | | |
| | Change in fund value | (3) | | | (127) | | | 32 | | | (98) | | |
| Change in fee basis | (221) | | | (197) | | | — | | | (418) | | |
| FPAUM Balance at 9/30/2019 | $ | 2,340 | | | $ | 3,811 | | | $ | 1,265 | | | $ | 7,416 | | |
Average FPAUM(1) | $ | 2,583 | | | $ | 3,509 | | | $ | 1,110 | | | $ | 7,202 | | |
| | (1) Represents a four-point average of quarter-end balances for each period. | |
| (1) Represents the quarterly average of beginning and ending balances. | | (1) Represents the quarterly average of beginning and ending balances. |
The charts below present FPAUM for the Real Estate Group by its fee basis ($ in billions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| FPAUM: $9.4$10.8 | | FPAUM: $7.4$9.2 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Capital commitments | | Invested capital/other(1) | | Market value(2) |
(1)Other consists of ACRE's FPAUM, which is based on ACRE’s stockholders’ equity.
(2)Amounts represent FPAUM from funds that primarily invest in illiquid strategies. The underlying investments held in these funds are generally subject to less market volatility than investments held in liquid strategies.
Real Estate Group—Fund Performance Metrics as of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021
Two significant funds, European Real Estate Fund V SCSp ("(“EF V"V”) and our third U.S. opportunistic real estate equity fund,AREOF III, collectively contributed approximately 26%45% of the Real Estate Group’s management fees for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2020. EF IV and US IX are no longer considered significant funds as they did not meet our significant fund thresholds beginning in the first quarter of 2020 and third quarter of 2020, respectively.March 31, 2021.
The following table presents the performance data as of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 for our significant funds in the Real Estate Group, all of which are drawdown funds:
| | ($ in millions) | ($ in millions) | Year of Inception | | AUM | | Original Capital Commitments | | Capital Invested to Date | | Realized Value(1) | | Unrealized Value(2) | | Total Value | | MoIC | | IRR(%) | | Primary Investment Strategy | ($ in millions) | Year of Inception | | AUM | | Original Capital Commitments | | Capital Invested to Date | | Realized Value(1) | | Unrealized Value(2) | | Total Value | | MoIC | | IRR(%) | | Primary Investment Strategy |
| Fund | Fund | | Gross(3) | | Net(4) | | Gross(5) | | Net(6) | | Fund | | Gross(3) | | Net(4) | | Gross(5) | | Net(6) | |
| Funds Deploying Capital | Funds Deploying Capital | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Funds Deploying Capital | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
EF V(7) | EF V(7) | 2018 | | $ | 1,996 | | | $ | 1,968 | | | $ | 714 | | | $ | 49 | | | $ | 712 | | | $ | 761 | | | 1.1x | | 0.9x | | 6.4 | | (7.1) | | European Real Estate Equity | EF V(7) | 2018 | | $ | 2,141 | | | $ | 1,968 | | | $ | 1,007 | | | $ | 54 | | | $ | 1,175 | | | $ | 1,229 | | | 1.2x | | 1.1x | | 17.7 | | 8.6 | | European Real Estate Equity |
| Third U.S. opportunistic real estate equity fund | 2019 | | 1,174 | | | 1,189 | | | 44 | | | — | | | 40 | | | 40 | | | 0.9x | | 0.7x | | N/A | | N/A | | U.S. Real Estate Equity | |
| AREOF III | | AREOF III | 2019 | | 1,675 | | | 1,697 | | | 330 | | | — | | | 334 | | | 334 | | | 1.0x | | 0.9x | | NA | | NA | | U.S. Real Estate Equity |
(1)Realized value includes distributions of operating income, sales and financing proceeds received.
(2)Unrealized value represents the fair market value of remaining investments. Unrealized value does not take into account any bridge financings. There can be no assurance that unrealized investments will be realized at the valuations indicated.
(3)The gross MoIC is calculated at the investment level and is based on the interests of all partners. The gross MoIC for all funds is before giving effect to management fees, carried interest and other expenses, as applicable.
(4)The net MoIC is calculated at the fund-level and is based on the interests of the fee-paying partners and, if applicable, excludes interests attributable to the non fee-paying partners and/or the general partner which does not pay management fees, carried interest or has such fees rebated outside of the fund. The net MoIC is after giving effect to management fees, carried interest as applicable and other expenses. Net fund-level MoICs would generally likely have been lower had such fund called capital from its limited partners instead of utilizing the credit facility.
(5)The gross IRR is an annualized since inception gross internal rate of return of cash flows to and from investments and the residual value of the investments at the end of the measurement period. Gross IRRs reflect returns to all partners. Cash flows used in the gross IRR calculation are assumed to occur at quarter-end. The gross IRRs are calculated before giving effect to management fees, carried interest and other expenses, as applicable.
(6)The net IRR is an annualized since inception net internal rate of return of cash flows to and from the fund and the fund’s residual value at the end of the measurement period. Net IRRs reflect returns to the fee-paying partners and, if applicable, exclude interests attributable to the non fee-paying partners and/or the general partner which does not pay management fees or carried interest or has such fees rebated outside of the fund. The cash flow dates used in the net IRR calculation are based on the actual dates of the cash flows. The net IRRs are calculated after giving effect to management fees, carried interest as applicable, and other expenses. The funds may utilize a credit facility during the investment period and for general cash management purposes. Net fund-level IRRs would generally likely have been lower had such fund called capital from its limited partners instead of utilizing the credit facility.
(7)EF V is made up of two parallel funds, one denominated in U.S. dollars and one denominated in Euros. The gross and net IRR and MoIC presented in the table are for the Euro denominated parallel fund. The gross and net IRRsMoIC and IRR presented in the chart is for the U.S. dollarEuro denominated parallel fund are 6.4% and (5.5)%, respectively.fund. The gross and net MoIC for the U.S. dollarDollar denominated parallel fund are 1.2x and 1.1x, respectively. The gross and 0.9x,net IRR for the U.S. Dollar denominated parallel fund are 18.8% and 9.6%, respectively. Original capital commitments are converted to U.S. dollars at the prevailing exchange rate at the time of fund's closing. All other values for EF V are for the combined fund and are converted to U.S. dollars at the prevailing quarter-end exchange rate.
Strategic Initiatives—Three Months Ended March 31, 2021Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Strategic Initiatives represents an all-other category formed in 2020 that includes operating segments and strategic investments that are seeking to broaden our distribution channels or expand our access to global markets. It includes the AUM and results of Ares SSG subsequent to the completion of the SSG Acquisition on July 1, 2020 and of Aspida Life Re Ltd subsequent to the acquisition of the outstanding common shares of F&G Re on December 18, 2020.
Strategic Initiatives—Fund Performance Metrics as of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021
Strategic Initiatives includes two significant funds, SSG Capital Partners IV, L.P. ("(“SSG Fund IV"IV”) and SSG Capital Partners V, L.P. ("(“SSG Fund V"V”). SSG Fund IV and SSG Fund V, that collectively contributed approximately 66%57.8% of the management fees reported in Strategic Initiatives for the three months ended September 30, 2020.March 31, 2021.
The following table presents the performance data as of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 for our significant funds reported in Strategic Initiatives, all of which are drawdown funds:
| | ($ in millions) | ($ in millions) | Year of Inception | | AUM | | Original Capital Commitments | | Capital Invested to Date | | Realized Value(1) | | Unrealized Value(2) | | Total Value | | MoIC | | IRR(%) | | Primary Investment Strategy | ($ in millions) | Year of Inception | | AUM | | Original Capital Commitments | | Capital Invested to Date | | Realized Value(1) | | Unrealized Value(2) | | Total Value | | MoIC | | IRR(%) | | Primary Investment Strategy |
| Fund | Fund | | Gross(3) | | Net(4) | | Gross(5) | | Net(6) | | Fund | | Gross(3) | | Net(4) | | Gross(5) | | Net(6) | |
| Funds Deploying Capital | Funds Deploying Capital | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Funds Deploying Capital | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| SSG Fund IV | SSG Fund IV | 2016 | | $ | 1,310 | | | $ | 1,181 | | | $ | 1,213 | | | $ | 649 | | | $ | 690 | | | $ | 1,339 | | | 1.2x | | 1.1x | | 13.9 | | | 8.0 | | | Asian Special Situations | SSG Fund IV | 2016 | | $ | 1,336 | | | $ | 1,181 | | | $ | 1,372 | | | $ | 804 | | | $ | 721 | | | $ | 1,525 | | | 1.2x | | 1.1x | | 13.6 | | | 8.0 | | | Asian Special Situations |
| SSG Fund V | SSG Fund V | 2018 | | 1,890 | | | 1,878 | | | 327 | | | 162 | | | 176 | | | 338 | | | 1.2x | | 1.0x | | N/A | | N/A | | Asian Special Situations | SSG Fund V | 2018 | | 2,014 | | | 1,878 | | | 956 | | | 328 | | | 763 | | | 1,091 | | | 1.2x | | 1.1x | | 66.5 | | | 35.5 | | | Asian Special Situations |
(1)Realized value represents the sum of all cash distributions to all partners and if applicable, exclude tax and incentive distributions made to the general partner.
(2)Unrealized value represents the fund's NAV reduced by the accrued incentive allocation, if applicable. There can be no assurance that unrealized values will be realized at the valuations indicated.
(3)The gross MoIC is calculated at the fund-level and is based on the interests of the fee-paying limited partners and if applicable, excludes interests attributable to the non-fee paying limited partners and/or the general partner which does not pay management fees or carried interest. The gross MoIC is before giving effect to management fees, carried interest as applicable and other expenses, but after giving effect to credit facility interest expenses, as applicable. The funds may utilize a credit facility during the investment period and for general cash management purposes. The gross MoIC would generally have been lower had such fund called capital from its limited partners instead of utilizing the credit facility.
(4)The net MoIC is calculated at the fund-level and is based on the interests of the fee-paying limited partners and if applicable, excludes those interests attributable to the non-fee paying limited partners and/or the general partner which does not pay management fees or carried interest. The net MoIC is after giving effect to management fees and other expenses, carried interest and credit facility interest expense, as applicable. The funds may utilize a credit facility during the investment period and for general cash management purposes. The net MoIC would generally have been lower had such fund called capital from its limited partners instead of utilizing the credit facility.
(5)The gross IRR is an annualized since inception gross internal rate of return of cash flows to and from the fund and the fund’s residual value at the end of the measurement period. Gross IRR reflects returns to the fee-paying limited partners and, if applicable, excludes interests attributable to the non-fee paying limited partners and/or the general partner which does not pay management fees or carried interest. The cash flow dates used in the gross IRR calculation are based on the actual dates of the cash flows. The gross IRRs are calculated before giving effect to management fees, carried interest, as applicable, and other expenses, but after giving effect to credit facility interest expenses, as applicable. The funds may utilize a credit facility during the investment period and for general cash management purposes. The gross fund-level IRR would generally have been lower had such fund called capital from its limited partners instead of utilizing the credit facility.
(6)The net IRR is an annualized since inception net internal rate of return of cash flows to and from the fund and the fund’s residual value at the end of the measurement period. Net IRRs reflect returns to the fee-paying limited partners and, if applicable, exclude interests attributable to the non-fee paying limited partners and/or the general partner who does not pay management fees or carried interest. The cash flow dates used in the net IRR calculations are based on the actual dates of the cash flows. The net IRRs are calculated after giving effect to management fees and other expenses, carried interest and credit facility interest expenses, as applicable. The funds may utilize a credit facility during the investment period and for general cash management purposes. Net fund-level IRRs would likelygenerally have been lower had such fund called capital from its limited partners instead of utilizing the credit facility.
Operations Management Group—Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 Compared to Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019March 31, 2020
Fee Related Earnings:
The following table presents OMG's operating expenses that are a component of FRE:
| | | Three months ended September 30, | | Favorable (Unfavorable) | | Nine months ended September 30, | | Favorable (Unfavorable) | | | Three months ended March 31, | | Favorable (Unfavorable) |
| | | | | Three months ended March 31, | Favorable (Unfavorable) |
| ($ in thousands) | ($ in thousands) | 2020 | | 2019 | | $ Change | | % Change | | 2020 | | 2019 | | $ Change | | % Change | ($ in thousands) | | 2021 | | 2020 | | $ Change | | % Change |
| Compensation and benefits | Compensation and benefits | $ | (41,551) | | | $ | (34,061) | | | $ | (7,490) | | | (22) | % | | $ | (114,916) | | | $ | (100,716) | | | $ | (14,200) | | | (14) | % | Compensation and benefits | | $ | (44,407) | | | $ | (36,426) | | | $ | (7,981) | | | (22) | % |
| General, administrative and other expenses | General, administrative and other expenses | (19,519) | | | (21,405) | | | 1,886 | | | 9 | | | (56,877) | | | (61,911) | | | 5,034 | | | 8 | | General, administrative and other expenses | | (18,656) | | | (21,305) | | | 2,649 | | | 12 | |
| Fee Related Earnings | Fee Related Earnings | $ | (61,070) | | | $ | (55,466) | | | (5,604) | | | (10) | | | $ | (171,793) | | | $ | (162,627) | | | (9,166) | | | (6) | | Fee Related Earnings | | $ | (63,063) | | | $ | (57,731) | | | (5,332) | | | (9) | |
Compensation and Benefits. Compensation and benefits increased by $7.5$8.0 million, or 22%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and by $14.2 million, or 14%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019.March 31, 2020. The increases were primarily driven by the headcount growth from the expansion of our strategy and relationship management teams to support global fundraising, and other strategic initiatives, from the SSG Acquisition and from the expansion of our business operations teams. teams and from other strategic growth initiatives, including the SSG Acquisition.
Average headcount for the year-to-date period increased by 29%20% to 665754 operation management professionals for the 2020 periodfirst quarter of 2021 from 517628 professionals for the same period in 2020. Average headcount for our operations management professionals increased by the prior year.
The expansion of our business operations teams internalized certain business processes and included opening a new officeteam in India duringand by the second halfSSG Acquisition of 2019. The compensation expense growth associated with our business operations
initiative of $0.9 million49 and $2.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 is offset by reduced outsourced third party service provider expenses for accounting and information technology support that are reflected within general, administrative and other expenses.43, respectively.
General, Administrative and Other Expenses. General, administrative and other expenses decreased by $1.9$2.6 million, or 9%12%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 and by $5.0 million, or 8%, for the nineMarch 31, 2020. The three months ended September 30, 2020 comparedMarch 31, 2021 continued to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decreases were driven by a reduction in costs resulting from our efforts to build out operations in India. While occupancy and overhead costs increased, the reduction to outsourced third party service provider expenses resulted in the net reduction in total expenses of $1.3 million and $4.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. We also incurred $0.7 million of start-up costs related to our operations in India in the first half of 2019 that did not recur in the current year.
The three and nine month comparative periods were bothbe impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic that began at the end of the first quarter of 2020 and resulted in a decrease in certain operating expenses. During the second and thirdfirst quarter of 2020,2021, our operating expenses were impacted by limitations in certain business activities, most notably travel, entertainment and marketing sponsorships, and by certain office services and fringe benefits from the modified remote working environment. Collectively, these expenses decreased by $3.1 million and $5.1$2.4 million for the quarterly and year-to-date periodsthree months ended September 30, 2020, respectively,March 31, 2021, when compared to the same periodsperiod in 2019.2020.
During the first quarter of 2020, we recorded $3.3 million in expenses associated with settling an SEC compliance matter that is not expected to recur.
There were also certain other expenses that increased during the current periods,period, including occupancy costs to support theour growing headcount growth,and information services and communication costs to support the expansion of the business and information technology to support the modified remote working environment.expansion of our business. Collectively, these expenses increased by $1.9 million and $4.1$1.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectivelyMarch 31, 2021 when compared to the same periodsperiod in 2019.
During the second quarter of 2020, we received insurance proceeds of $2.5 million in connection with the previously disclosed SEC matter. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded net expenses of $1.0 million in connection with this matter that included a civil penalty of $1.0 million.2020.
Realized Income:
The following table presents the components of the OMG's RI:
| | | Three months ended September 30, | | Favorable (Unfavorable) | | Nine months ended September 30, | | Favorable (Unfavorable) | | | Three months ended March 31, | | Favorable (Unfavorable) |
| | | | | Three months ended March 31, | Favorable (Unfavorable) |
| ($ in thousands) | ($ in thousands) | 2020 | | 2019 | | $ Change | | % Change | | 2020 | | 2019 | | $ Change | | % Change | ($ in thousands) | | 2021 | | 2020 | | $ Change | | % Change |
| Fee Related Earnings | Fee Related Earnings | $ | (61,070) | | | $ | (55,466) | | | $ | (5,604) | | | (10) | % | | $ | (171,793) | | | $ | (162,627) | | | $ | (9,166) | | | (6) | % | Fee Related Earnings | | $ | (63,063) | | | $ | (57,731) | | | $ | (5,332) | | | (9) | % |
| Investment loss-realized | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | (5,698) | | | — | | | (5,698) | | | NM | |
| Interest and other investment loss-realized | (503) | | | (11) | | | (492) | | | NM | | (588) | | | (13) | | | (575) | | | NM | |
| Investment loss—realized | | Investment loss—realized | | — | | | (5,698) | | | 5,698 | | | 100 |
| Interest and other investment income—realized | | Interest and other investment income—realized | | 355 | | | 168 | | | 187 | | | 111 |
| Interest expense | Interest expense | (141) | | | (535) | | | 394 | | | 74 | | (1,262) | | | (1,330) | | | 68 | | | 5 | Interest expense | | (90) | | | (977) | | | 887 | | | 91 |
| Realized net investment loss | (644) | | | (546) | | | (98) | | | (18) | | (7,548) | | | (1,343) | | | (6,205) | | | NM | |
| Realized net investment income (loss) | | Realized net investment income (loss) | | 265 | | | (6,507) | | | 6,772 | | | NM |
| Realized Income | Realized Income | $ | (61,714) | | | $ | (56,012) | | | (5,702) | | | (10) | | $ | (179,341) | | | $ | (163,970) | | | (15,371) | | | (9) | Realized Income | | $ | (62,798) | | | $ | (64,238) | | | 1,440 | | | 2 |
NM - Not Meaningful
Realized income for the periods presented was composed of FRE, as explained above, and realized net investment income for the respective periods.
Realized net investment loss was $7.5 million for the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2020 was primarily driven by a realized loss associated with the sale of a non–core insurance-related investment.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Management assesses liquidity in terms of our ability to generate cash to fund operating, investing and financing activities. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, management believes that the Company is well-positioned and its liquidity will continue to be sufficient for its foreseeable working capital needs, contractual obligations, dividend payments, pending acquisitions and strategic initiatives. For further discussion regarding the potential risks and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company, see Item“Item 1A. "Risk Factors"Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Sources and Uses of Liquidity
Our sources of liquidity are (1) cash on hand, (2) net working capital, (3) cash from operations, including management fees, which are collected monthly, quarterly or semi-annually, and net realized performance income, which is unpredictable as to amount and timing, (4) fund distributions related to our investments that are also unpredictable as to amount and timing and (5) net borrowing from the Credit Facility. As of September 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, our cash and cash equivalents were $868.8$609.9 million, and we had no$168.0 million borrowings outstanding under our Credit Facility. Our ability to draw from the Credit Facility is subject to a leverage and other covenants. We remain in compliance with all covenants as of September 30, 2020.March 31, 2021. We believe that these sources of liquidity will be sufficient to fund our working capital requirements and to meet our commitments in the ordinary course of business and under the current market conditions for the foreseeable future. Market conditions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic may impact our liquidity. Cash flows from management fees may be impacted by a slowdown or declines in deployment, declines or write downs in valuations, or a slowdown or negatively impacted fundraising. In addition, management fees may be subject to deferral. Declines or delays and transaction activity may impact our fund distributions and net realized performance income which could adversely impact our cash flows and liquidity. Market conditions may make it difficult to extend the maturity or refinance our existing indebtedness or obtain new indebtedness with similar terms.
One of our sources of cash from operations is ARCC Part I Fees. Under certain circumstances, ARCC Part I Fees that have been earned and recorded by us as revenue may be deferred for payment under the terms of the applicable investment advisory and management agreement with ARCC. ARCC Part I Fees are earned based on ARCC’s net investment income, which does not include any realized gains or losses or any unrealized gains or losses resulting from changes in fair value. Cash payment of ARCC Part I Fees that we have earned is deferred if, during the most recent four full calendar quarter periods ending on or prior to the date such payment is to be made, the sum of (a) aggregate distributions to ARCC's stockholders and (b) ARCC's change in net assets (defined as ARCC's total assets less indebtedness and before taking into account any income based fees or capital gains incentive fees accrued during the period) is less than 7.0% of ARCC's net assets (defined as total assets less indebtedness) at the beginning of such period. These calculations will be adjusted for any share issuances or repurchases. Once earned, ARCC Part I Fees are not reversible even if payment is deferred. All fees deferred for payment will be carried over for payment in subsequent calculation periods to the extent the payment hurdle is achieved in accordance with the investment advisory and management agreement with ARCC. The impacts of COVID-19 are unknown and could result in market dislocations that could cause the ARCC Part I Fees to continue to be earned yet deferred for payment. In such cases, we may continue to recognize the revenue, and such earned but unpaid amounts would result in a larger receivable from affiliates. The impact of this deferral mechanic to our liquidity is offset by the fact that 60% of ARCC Part I Fees are due to certain professionals as compensation, which is recorded as a liability but may not be paid until the related cash is received by us. Therefore, the potential liquidity impact of a deferral of the payment of ARCC Part I Fees is limited to 40% of the total amount of ARCC Part I Fees earned. As a result, while the deferral of the payment of ARCC Part I Fees for the six months ended September 30, 2020 will reduce our liquidity by $33.2 million, we do not believe this limits our ability to meet our primary liquidity needs.
We expect that our primary liquidity needs will continue to be to (1) provide capital to facilitate the growth of our existing investment management businesses, (2) fund our investment commitments, (3) provide capital to facilitate our expansion into businesses that are complementary to our existing investment management businesses as well as other strategic growth initiatives, (4) pay operating expenses, including cash compensation to our employees and payments under the tax receivable agreement ("TRA"(“TRA”), (5) fund capital expenditures, (6) service our debt, (7) pay income taxes, and (8) make dividend payments to our Class A common stockholders and the Series A Preferred stockholders in accordance with our dividend policy.policies and (9) pay distributions to AOG unitholders.
In the normal course of business, we expect to pay dividends that are aligned with the expected changes in our after-tax fee related earnings. If cash flowflows from operations were insufficient to fund dividends over a sustained period of time, we expect that we would suspend or reduce paying such dividends. In addition, there is no assurance that dividends would continue at the current levels or at all. Unless quarterly dividends have been declared and paid (or declared and set apart for payment) on the Series A Preferred Stock, we may not declare or pay or set apart payment for dividends on any shares of our Class A common stock during the period. Dividends on Series A Preferred Stock are not cumulative and the Series A Preferred Stock is not convertible into our Class A common stock or any other security.
Our ability to obtain debt financing and complete stock offerings provides us with additional sources of liquidity. For further discussion of financing transactions occurring in the current period, and our debt obligations, see "Cash Flows"“Cash Flows” within this section and "Note“Note 7. Debt” and “Note 13. Equity and Redeemable Interest to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Stock offerings and repurchases may be additional sources and uses of liquidity, respectively. For a discussion of transactions occurring in the current period, see "Cash Flows" within this section and "Note 13. Equity and Redeemable Interest” to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Net realized performance income also provides us with a source of liquidity. Performance income may be realized when a portfolio investment is profitably disposed of and the fund’s cumulative returns are in excess of the preferred return or hurdle rate or may be realized at the end of each fund’s measurement period when investment performance exceeds a stated benchmark or hurdle rate. For a summary of accrued carried interest and incentive fee receivables by segment, see “— Results of Operations by Segment.”
Our condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the cash flows of our operating businesses as well as those of our Consolidated Funds. The assets of our Consolidated Funds, on a gross basis, are significantly larger than the assets of our operating businesses and therefore have a substantial effect on our reported cash flows. The primary cash flow activities of our Consolidated Funds include: (1) raising capital from third-party investors, which is reflected as non-controlling interests of our Consolidated Funds, (2) financing certain investments by issuing debt, (3) purchasing and selling investment securities, (4) generating cash through the realization of certain investments, (5) collecting interest and dividend income and (6) distributing cash to investors. Our Consolidated Funds are generally accounted for as investment companies under GAAP; therefore, the character and classification of all Consolidated Fund transactions are presented as cash flows from operations. Liquidity available at our Consolidated Funds is typically not available for corporate liquidity needs, and debt of the Consolidated Funds is non–recourse to the Company except to the extent of the Company's investment in the fund.
Cash Flows
We consolidate funds where we are deemed to hold a controlling interest. The Consolidated Funds are not necessarily the same entities in each year presented due to changes in ownership, changes in limited partners' rights and the creation andor termination of funds. The consolidation of these funds had no effect on cash flows attributable to us for the periods presented. As such, we evaluate the activity of the Consolidated Funds and the eliminations resulting from the consolidation separately. The following tables and discussion summarize our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows by activities attributable to the Company and to our Consolidated Funds. Negative amounts represent a net outflow or useFor more details on the activity of cash:the Company and Consolidated Funds, refer to “Note 15. Consolidation” to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
| | | | Nine months ended September 30, | | Three months ended March 31, |
| ($ in thousands) | ($ in thousands) | 2020 | | 2019 | ($ in thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Net cash provided by operating activities | Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 480,848 | | | $ | 315,302 | | Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 137,408 | | | $ | 127,365 | |
| Net cash used in the Consolidated Funds' operating activities, net of eliminations | Net cash used in the Consolidated Funds' operating activities, net of eliminations | (468,386) | | | (1,995,386) | | Net cash used in the Consolidated Funds' operating activities, net of eliminations | (878,526) | | | (490,602) | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 12,462 | | | (1,680,084) | | |
| Net cash used in operating activities | | Net cash used in operating activities | (741,118) | | | (363,237) | |
| Net cash used in the Company's investing activities | Net cash used in the Company's investing activities | (126,437) | | | (12,073) | | Net cash used in the Company's investing activities | (3,284) | | | (38,906) | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) the Company's financing activities | Net cash provided by (used in) the Company's financing activities | 360,171 | | | (245,492) | | Net cash provided by (used in) the Company's financing activities | (63,442) | | | 944,997 | |
| Net cash provided by the Consolidated Funds' financing activities, net of eliminations | Net cash provided by the Consolidated Funds' financing activities, net of eliminations | 467,379 | | | 1,996,160 | | Net cash provided by the Consolidated Funds' financing activities, net of eliminations | 880,653 | | | 500,555 | |
| Net cash provided by financing activities | Net cash provided by financing activities | 827,550 | | | 1,750,668 | | Net cash provided by financing activities | 817,211 | | | 1,445,552 | |
| Effect of exchange rate changes | Effect of exchange rate changes | 16,793 | | | (16,555) | | Effect of exchange rate changes | (2,749) | | | (14,120) | |
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents | Net change in cash and cash equivalents | $ | 730,368 | | | $ | 41,956 | | Net change in cash and cash equivalents | $ | 70,060 | | | $ | 1,029,289 | |
Operating Activities
Cash flow from operations is composed of (i) cash generated from our core business activities, primarily consisting of profits generated principally from management fees after covering for operating expenses, (ii) net realized performance income and (iii) net cash from investment related activities including purchases, sales and net realized investment income. We generated meaningful cash flow from operations in each of the last two periods. Although cash generated from our core business activities increased by $89.4 million when compared to the prior year, cash provided by the Company’s operating activities increased by only $10.0 million from $315.3$127.4 million for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2019March 31, 2020 to $480.8$137.4 million for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2020. While net incomeMarch 31, 2021. Net purchases associated with our investment portfolio, which represent a use of the Company decreasedcash, increased by $125.7$62.0 million for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2020,March 31, 2021 when compared to the decrease was primarily driven by non-cash activity associated with the unrealized depreciation from our carried interest allocation and investments. Non-cash activity also consists of equity compensation, amortization and depreciation and is added back to net income in determining cash that is provided by operations. Cash flow from operations increased primarily due to greater management fees and net realized performance income and to a reduction in general, administrative and other expenses.prior year period.
Net cash used in the Consolidated Funds' operating activities wascontinues to be principally attributable to net purchases of investment securities by recently launched funds during both periods.
Our increasing working capital needs reflect the growth of our business, while the capital requirements needed to support fund-related activities vary based upon the specific investment activities being conducted during such period. The movements within our Consolidated Funds do not adversely impact our liquidity or earnings trends. We believe that our ability to generate cash from operations, as well as the capacity under the Credit Facility, provides us with the necessary liquidity to manage short-term fluctuations in working capital and to meet our short-term commitments.
Investing Activities
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Nine months ended September 30, |
| 2020 | | 2019 |
| Purchase of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements, net | $ | (8,608) | | | $ | (12,073) | |
| Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (117,829) | | | — | |
| Net cash used in investing activities | $ | (126,437) | | | $ | (12,073) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended March 31, |
| 2021 | | 2020 |
| Purchase of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements, net of disposals | $ | (3,284) | | | $ | (3,062) | |
| Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | — | | | (35,844) | |
| Net cash used in investing activities | $ | (3,284) | | | $ | (38,906) | |
Net cash used in the Company's investing activities was principally composed of cash used to complete the SSG Acquisition and to purchase CLO collateral management agreements from Crestline Denali in the current period and ofprior year. We also used cash used forto purchase furniture, fixtures, equipment and leasehold improvements purchased during both periodsyears to support the growth in our staffing levels and our expanding global presence.
Financing Activities
| | | Nine months ended September 30, | | Three months ended March 31, |
| | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Net proceeds from issuance of Class A common stock | Net proceeds from issuance of Class A common stock | $ | 383,154 | | | $ | 206,705 | | Net proceeds from issuance of Class A common stock | $ | — | | | $ | 383,334 | |
| Net repayments of credit facility | (70,000) | | | (235,000) | | |
| Proceeds from senior notes | 399,084 | | | — | | |
| Net borrowings of Credit Facility | | Net borrowings of Credit Facility | 168,000 | | | 730,000 | |
| | Class A common stock dividends | Class A common stock dividends | (169,870) | | | (109,116) | | Class A common stock dividends | (74,684) | | | (51,090) | |
| AOG unitholder distributions | AOG unitholder distributions | (165,087) | | | (129,185) | | AOG unitholder distributions | (67,084) | | | (55,748) | |
| Series A Preferred Stock dividends | Series A Preferred Stock dividends | (16,275) | | | (16,275) | | Series A Preferred Stock dividends | (5,425) | | | (5,425) | |
| Repurchases of Class A common stock | — | | | (10,449) | | |
| | Stock option exercises | Stock option exercises | 78,959 | | | 83,090 | | Stock option exercises | — | | | 19,551 | |
| Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards | Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards | (75,657) | | | (32,022) | | Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards | (84,590) | | | (73,500) | |
| Other financing activities | Other financing activities | (4,137) | | | (3,240) | | Other financing activities | 341 | | | (2,125) | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) the Company's financing activities | Net cash provided by (used in) the Company's financing activities | $ | 360,171 | | | $ | (245,492) | | Net cash provided by (used in) the Company's financing activities | $ | (63,442) | | | $ | 944,997 | |
Net cash provided by (used in)used in the Company's financing activities for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 was principally composed of net proceeds from the issuance of the 2030 Senior Notes to provide additional liquidity at a reduced cost of capital during this period of uncertainty and to leverage our growth in future periods. A portion of these proceeds were used to repay borrowings under our Credit Facility. In addition, net cash provided by the Company's financing activities includes cash proceeds from the private offering of Class A common stock to SMBC. These proceeds were partially offset by cash used to pay higher dividends and distributions to Class A common stockholders and AOG unitholders, respectively, in connection with our expectation of generatingas we generated higher fee related earnings and with theon an increased number of Class A shares outstanding compared to the prior period.year. In connection with the vesting of restricted units that are granted to our employees under the Equity Incentive Plan, we withhold shares equal to the fair value of our employee's withholding tax liabilities and pay the taxes on their behalf. This use of cash increased from the prior period primarily as a result of our appreciating stock price, which is the basis on which employee compensation is recognized. The net settlement of shares minimizes the dilutive impact of our Equity Incentive Plan as fewer shares are issued upon vesting. For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, we retained and did not issue shares of 1.8 million and 2.0 million, respectively.
Net cash used inprovided by the Company's financing activities for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2019March 31, 2020 was principally composed of net proceeds from the Company’s Credit Facility to enhance our liquidity position as a precautionary measure in response to the uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and of cash proceeds from the private offering of Class A common stock to SMBC, partially offset by cash used to pay dividends and distributions to Class A common stockholders and AOG unitholders and net repayments on the Company's Credit Facility, offset by proceeds from our Class A common stock offering and from exercises of stock options.unitholders.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Nine months ended September 30, |
| 2020 | | 2019 |
| Contributions from non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds, net of eliminations | $ | 123,713 | | | $ | 164,890 | |
| Distributions to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds, net of eliminations | (169,747) | | | (65,575) | |
| Borrowings under loan obligations by Consolidated Funds | 618,207 | | | 2,482,341 | |
| Repayments under loan obligations by Consolidated Funds | (104,794) | | | (585,496) | |
| Net cash provided by the Consolidated Funds' financing activities | $ | 467,379 | | | $ | 1,996,160 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended March 31, |
| 2021 | | 2020 |
| Contributions from redeemable and non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds, net of eliminations | $ | 941,935 | | | $ | 133,265 | |
| Distributions to non-controlling interests in Consolidated Funds, net of eliminations | (38,829) | | | (13,492) | |
| Borrowings under loan obligations by Consolidated Funds | 7,000 | | | 454,391 | |
| Repayments under loan obligations by Consolidated Funds | (29,453) | | | (73,609) | |
| Net cash provided by the Consolidated Funds' financing activities | $ | 880,653 | | | $ | 500,555 | |
Net cash provided by the Consolidated Funds' financing activities was principally attributable to contributions from shareholders in the initial public offering of the SPAC.
Net cash provided by the Consolidated Funds’ financing activities for three months ended March 31, 2020 was principally attributable to the borrowings of a newly issued CLOs for both periods. There were one and four newly issued CLOs during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.CLO.
Capital Resources
We intend to use a portion of our available liquidity to pay cash dividends to our Series A Preferred stockholders and our Class A common stockholders on a quarterly basis in accordance with our dividend policies. Our ability to make cash dividends to the Series A Preferred stockholders and our Class A common stockholders is dependent on a myriad of factors, including among others: general economic and business conditions; our strategic plans and prospects; our business and investment opportunities; timing of capital calls by our funds in support of our commitments; our financial condition and operating results; working capital requirements and other anticipated cash needs; contractual restrictions and obligations; legal, tax and regulatory restrictions; restrictions on the payment of distributions by our subsidiaries to us and other relevant factors.
We are required to maintain minimum net capital balances for regulatory purposes for our broker-dealer and certain subsidiaries operating in non-U.S. jurisdictions.outside the U.S. These net capital requirements are met in part by retaining cash, cash equivalents and investment securities. As a result, we may be restricted in our ability to transfer cash between different operating entities and jurisdictions. As of September 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, we were required to maintain approximately $31.8$37.0 million in liquid net assets within these
subsidiaries to meet regulatory net capital and capital adequacy requirements. We remain in compliance with all regulatory requirements.
Holders of AOG Units, subject to the terms of the exchange agreement, may exchange their AOG Units for shares of our Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. These exchanges are expected to result in increases in the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of AMC that otherwise would not have been available. These increases in tax basis may increase depreciation and amortization for U.S. income tax purposes and thereby reduce the amount of tax that we would otherwise be required to pay in the future. We entered into the TRA that provides payment to the TRA recipients of 85% of the amount of actual cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income tax or franchise tax that we actually realize as a result of these increases in tax basis and of certain other tax benefits related to entering into the TRA, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the TRA and interest accrued thereon. Future payments under the TRA in respect of subsequent exchanges are expected to be substantial. The TRA liability balance was $36.4$61.1 million as of September 30, 2020.March 31, 2021.
For a discussion of our debt obligations, including the debt obligations of our consolidated funds, see "Note 7. Debt,” to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Series A Preferred Stock
For a discussion of our equity, including our Series A Preferred Stock, see "Note 13. Equity and Redeemable Interest,” to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Information regarding recent accounting pronouncements and their impact on the Company can be found in "Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in the “Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Critical Accounting Estimates
We prepare our condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP. In applying many of these accounting principles, we need to make assumptions, estimates or judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses in our condensed consolidated financial statements. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. These assumptions, estimates or judgments, however, are both subjective and subject to change, and actual results may differ from our assumptions and estimates. Actual results may also differ from our estimates and judgments due to risks and uncertainties, including uncertainty in the current economic environment due to the COVID-19 pandemic and oil and gas market volatility. As the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic continues to unfold, further volatility is likely to occur and may result in material differences in the valuation of our investments and the valuation of our interests in our funds and portfolio companies disclosed in this report.uncertainties. If actual amounts are ultimately different from our estimates, the revisions are included in our results of operations for the period in which the actual amounts become known.
Except as disclosed below, there have been no material changes to the critical accounting estimates previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.2020. For a summary of our significant accounting policies, see "Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. For a summary of our critical accounting estimates, please see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Estimates" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.
AcquisitionsEquity-Based Compensation
Management’s determinationWe granted certain restricted units with a vesting condition based upon the volume-weighted, average closing price of shares of our Class A common stock meeting or exceeding a stated price for 30 consecutive calendar days on or prior to January 22, 2029, referred to as the market condition. Vesting is also generally subject to continued employment at the time such market condition is achieved. Under the terms of the awards, if the target price of the applicable market condition is not achieved by the close of business on January 22, 2029, the unvested market condition awards will be automatically canceled and forfeited for no consideration, with any expense that was previously recognized reversed. Restricted units subject to a market condition are not eligible to receive dividend equivalents.
The grant date fair values are based on a probability distributed Monte-Carlo simulation. Due to the existence of the market condition, the vesting period for the awards is not explicit, and as such, compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the median vesting period derived from the positive iterations of the Monte Carlo simulations where the market condition is achieved.
Below is a summary of the significant assumptions used to estimate the grant date fair value of assets acquiredmarket condition awards:
| | | | | | | | |
| Closing price of the Company's common shares as of grant date | | $45.76 |
| Risk-free interest rate | | 0.88% |
| Volatility | | 35.0% |
| Dividend yield | | 3.5% |
| Cost of equity | | 10.0% |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Information regarding recent accounting pronouncements and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date is basedtheir impact on the best information availableCompany can be found in “Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the circumstances and may incorporate management’s own assumptions and involve a significant degree of judgment. We use our best estimates and assumptions to accurately assign fair value“Notes to the tangibleCondensed Consolidated Financial Statements” included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date as well as the useful lives of those acquired intangible assets. For business combinations accounted for under the acquisition method, the excess of the purchase consideration over the fair value of net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Examples of critical estimates in valuing certain of the intangible assets we have acquired include, but are not limited to, future expected cash inflows and outflows, expected useful life and discount rates. Our estimates for future cash flows are basedour Annual Report on historical data, various internal estimates and certain external sources, and are based on assumptions that are consistent with the plans and estimates we are using to manage the underlying assets acquired. We estimate the useful lives of the intangible assets based on the expected period over which we anticipate generating economic benefit from the asset. We base our estimates on assumptions we believe to be reasonable but that are unpredictable and inherently uncertain. Unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that could affect the accuracy or validity of such assumptions, estimates or actual results.Form 10-K.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In the normal course of business, we engage in off-balance sheet arrangements, including transactions in derivatives, guarantees, commitments, indemnifications and potential contingent repayment obligations. See "Note“Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies,” to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Commitments and Contingencies
For further discussion of our capital commitments, indemnification arrangements and contingent obligations, see "Note“Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies,” to our unaudited condensedaudited consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our primary exposure to market risk is related to our role as general partner or investment adviser to our investment funds and the sensitivity to movements in the fair value of their investments, including the effect on management fees, performance income and investment income. Uncertainty with respect to the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic has introduced significant volatilityuncertainty in the financial markets, and the effects of this volatilityuncertainty could materially impact our market risks, including those listed below. For additional information concerning the COVID-19 pandemic and its potential impact on our business and our operating results, see Item 1A. "Risk Factors" in this Quarterlyour Annual Report on Form 10-Q.10-K. Market Risk
The market price of investments may significantly fluctuate during the period of investment. Investments may decline in value due to factors affecting securities markets generally or particular industries represented in the securities markets. The value of an investment may decline due to general market conditions, which are not specifically related to such investment, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. It may also decline due to factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry.
Our credit orientation has been a central tenet of our business across our debt and equity investment strategies. Our investment professionals benefit from our independent research and relationship networks and insights from our portfolio of active investments. We believe the combination of high-quality proprietary information flow and a consistent, rigorous approach to managing investments across our strategies has been, and we believe will continue to be, a major driver of our strong risk-adjusted returns and the stability and predictability of our income.
Credit Risk
We are party to agreements providing for various financial services and transactions that contain an element of risk in the event that the counterparties are unable to meet the terms of such agreements. In such agreements, we depend on the counterparty to make payment or otherwise perform. We generally endeavor to minimize our risk of exposure by limiting to reputable financial institutions the counterparties with which we enter into financial transactions. In other circumstances, availability of financing from financial institutions may be uncertain due to market events, and we may not be able to access these financing markets.
In the ordinary course of business, we may extend loans to our funds or guarantee credit facilities held by our funds and could be subject to risk of loss or repayment if our funds do not perform.
Certain of our funds’ investments include lower-rated and comparable quality unrated distressed investments and other instruments. These issuers can be more sensitive to adverse market conditions, such as a recession or increasing interest rates, as compared to higher rated issuers. We seek to minimize risk exposure by subjecting each prospective investment to our rigorous, credit-oriented investment approach.
At September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, we had cash balances with financial institutions in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured limits. We seek to mitigate this exposure by monitoring the credit standing of these financial institutions.
There have been no material changes in our market risks for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2020.March 31, 2021. For additional information on our market risks, refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019,2020, which is accessible on the SEC's website at sec.gov.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2020.March 31, 2021. Based upon that evaluation and subject to the foregoing, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to accomplish their objectives at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 that have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II.
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
From time to time we are involved in various legal proceedings, lawsuits and claims incidental to the conduct of our business, some of which may be material. As of September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019,2020, we were not subject to any material pending legal proceedings. Our businesses are also subject to extensive regulation, which may result in regulatory proceedings against us.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the risk factors described below and in Part I, “Item 1A, Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019,2020, which could materially affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results. The risks described below and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 20192020 are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.
The rapid development and fluidity of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic precludes any prediction as to the ultimate adverse impact of the situation on economic and market conditions. In addition to the foregoing, COVID-19 may exacerbate the potential adverse effects on our business, financial performance, operating results, cash flows and financial condition described in the risk factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 20192020 filed with the SEC. Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20192020 is accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Risks Related to Our BusinessBusinesses
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe disruptions in the U.S. and global economy, has disrupted, and may continue to disrupt, industries in which we, our funds and our funds’ portfolio companies operate and could potentially negatively impact us, our funds or our funds’ portfolio companies.
As of
Over the date of this Quarterly Report, there is an ongoing outbreak of a novel and highly contagious form of coronavirus ("COVID-19"), whichpast year, the World Health Organization has declared a global pandemic, the United States has declared a national emergency and every state in the United States is under a federal disaster declaration. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in numerous deaths,a global and national health crisis, adversely impacted global commercial activity and contributed to significant volatility in equity and debt markets. Many countries and states in the United States, including those in which we, our funds'funds’ and our funds'funds’ portfolio companies operate, have issued (and continue to re-issue) orders requiring the closure of, or certain restrictions on the operation of, nonessential businesses and/or requiring residents to stay at home. The COVID-19 pandemic and preventative measures taken to contain or mitigate its spread have caused, and are continuing to cause, business shutdowns or the re-introduction of business shutdowns, cancellations of events and restrictions on travel, significant reductions in demand for certain goods and services, reductions in business activity and financial transactions, supply chain interruptions and overall economic and financial market instability both globally and in the United States. Such measures, as well as the general uncertainty surrounding the dangers and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, have created significant disruption in supply chains and economic activity and are havinghave had a particularly adverse impact on the energy, hospitality, travel, retail and restaurant industries, as well as other industries, including industries in which certain of our funds'funds’ portfolio companies operate. Such effects will likely continue for the duration of the pandemic, which is uncertain, and for some period thereafter. While several countries, as well as certain states, counties and cities in the United States, have relaxed the early public health restrictions with a view to partially or fully reopening their economies, recurringmany cities, both globally and in the United States, subsequently experienced a surge in the reported number of cases and hospitalizations related to the COVID-19 outbreaks havepandemic. This increase in cases led to the re-introduction of such restrictions and business shutdowns in certain states, counties and cities in the United States and globally and could continue to lead to the re-introduction of such restrictions elsewhere. Additionally,In December 2020, the absence or delayFederal Food and Drug Administration authorized COVID‑19 vaccines and the distribution of viable treatment options or a vaccinesuch vaccines has commenced. However, it remains unclear how quickly “herd immunity” will be achieved and whether the restrictions that were imposed to slow the spread of the virus will be lifted entirely. These uncertainties could lead people to continue to self-isolate and not participaterefrain from participating in the economy at pre-pandemic levels for a prolonged period of time. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic subsides, the U.S. economy and most other major global economies may continue to experience a recession, and we anticipate our and our funds'funds’ business and operations, as well as the business and operations of our funds’ portfolio companies, could be materially adversely affected by a prolonged recession in the U.S. and other major markets.
The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (including the restrictive measures taken in response thereto) on our and our funds’ operational and financial performance will depend on many factors, including the duration, severity and scope of the public health emergency, the actions taken by governmental authorities to contain its financial and economic
impact, the continued implementation of travel advisories and restrictions, the impact of such public health emergency on overall supply and demand, goods and services, investor liquidity, consumer confidence and levels of economic activity and the extent of its disruption to global, regional and local supply chains
and economic markets, all of which are uncertain and difficult to assess. The COVID-19 pandemic is continuing as of the filing date of this Quarterly Report and its extended duration may have further adverse impacts on our business, financial performance, operating results, cash flows and financial condition, including the market price of shares of our securities, including for the reasons described below.
The effects of a public health emergencycrisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic may materially and adversely impact our value and performance and the value and performance of our funds and our funds’ portfolio companies. TheFurther, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic may not be fully reflected in the valuation of our or our funds’ investments, which may differ materially from the values that we may ultimately realize with respect to such investments. Our valuations, and particularly valuations of our interests in our funds and our funds’ investments, reflect a moment in time, are inherently uncertain, may fluctuate over short periods of time and are often based on subjective estimates, comparisons and qualitative evaluations of private information. Valuations, on an unrealized basis, can also be significantly affected by a variety of external factors including, but not limited to, public equity market volatility, industry trading multiples and interest rates, all of which have been impacted and continue to be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, the extreme volatility in the broader market and particularly in the energy markets has led to a broad decrease in valuations andIt is uncertain whether such valuations may continue to decline and could become increasingly difficult to ascertain.ascertain depending on the pace of recovery. As a result, our valuations and the valuations of our interests in our funds and our funds’ investments, may not show the complete or continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting measures taken in response thereto. Accordingly, we and our funds may continue to incur additional net unrealized losses or may incur realized losses in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Any public health emergency, including the COVID-19 pandemic or any outbreak of other existing or new epidemic diseases, or the threat thereof, and the resulting financial and economic market uncertainty could have a significant adverse impact on us, the fair value of our and our funds’ investments and could adversely impact our funds’ ability to fulfill our investment objectives.
Our ability to market and raise new or successor funds in the future may be impacted by the continuation and reintroduction of shelter-in-place orders, travel restrictions and social distancing requirements implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This may lowerreduce or delay anticipated fee revenues. In addition, the significant volatility and declines in valuations in the global markets as well as liquidity concerns may impact our ability to raise funds or deter fund investors from investing in new or successor funds that we are marketing.
Our funds may experience a slowdown in the pace of their investment activity and capital deployment, which could also adversely affect the timing of raising capital for new or successor funds and could also impact the management fees we earn on funds that generate fees based on invested (and not committed) capital. While the increased volatility in the financial markets caused by the COVID-19 pandemic may present attractive investment opportunities, we or our funds may not be able to complete those investments due to, among other factors, increased competition or operational challenges such as our ability to obtain attractive financing, conduct due diligence and consummate the acquisition and disposition of investments for our funds because of continued and re-introduced shelter-in-place orders, travel restrictions and social distancing requirements.
If the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and current market conditions continue, we and our funds may have fewer opportunities to successfully exit investments, due to, among other reasons, lower valuations, decreased revenues and earnings, lack of potential buyers with financial resources or access to financing to pursue an acquisition, lack of refinancing markets, resulting in a reduced ability to realize value from such investments at attractive valuations or at all, and thereby negatively impacting our realized income.
Adverse market conditions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemicmay impact our liquidity. Our cash flows from management fees may be impacted by, among other things, a slowdown in fundraising or delayed deployment. ARCC Part I Fees may be subject to cashCash payment deferral if certain return hurdles are not met, which could have anof adverse effect on our cash flows. Adverse market conditions may make it difficult for us to refinance our existing indebtedness or obtain new indebtedness with similar terms and any failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business. The capital that will be available to us in the future, if at all, may be at a higher cost and on less favorable terms and conditions than we currently experience. While our senior professionals have historically made co-investments in our funds alongside our limited partners, thereby reducing our obligation to make such investments, due to financial uncertainty or liquidity concerns, our employees may be less likely to make co-investments, which would result in such general partner commitments remaining our obligation to fund and reducing our liquidity. In addition, our funds may be impacted due to failure by our fund investors to meet capital calls, which would negatively impact our funds’ ability to make investments or pay us management fees.
The COVID-19 pandemic is having a particularly severe impact on certain industries, including but not limited to the energy, hospitality, travel, retail and restaurant industries, which are industries in which some of our funds have made investments. As of September 30, 2020,March 31, 2021, approximately 2% of our total AUM was invested in the energy sector (including oil and
gas exploration and midstream investments) sector and approximately 2% in the retail sector that were challenged from the market
disruption and volatility seen in the recent past as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Many of our funds’ portfolio companies in these industries have faced and are facingcontinuing to face operational and financial hardshipschallenges resulting from the spread of COVID-19 and related governmental measures, such as the closure of stores, hotels, restaurants and other sites,locations, restrictions on travel, quarantines or continued and re-introduced stay-at-home orders. As a result of these disruptions, the businesses, financial results and prospects of certain of these portfolio companies have already been severely affected and could continue to be so affected. ThisThese disruptions have caused and may in the future result in potential impairment and decrease in value of our funds’ investments, which may be material.
Our funds’ portfolio companies are also facing or may face in the future increased credit and liquidity risk due to volatility in financial markets, reduced or eliminated revenue streams, and limited or higher cost of access to preferred sources of funding. Changes in the debt financing markets are impacting, and, if the volatility in financial markets continues, may in the future impact, the ability of our funds’ portfolio companies to meet their respective financial obligations and continue as going concerns. This could lead to the insolvency and/or bankruptcy of these companies which would cause our funds to realize losses in respect of those investments. Any of the foregoing would adversely affect our results of operations, perhaps materially, and could harm our reputation.
Our funds may experience similar credit and liquidity risk. Failure of our funds to meet their financial obligations could result in our funds being required to repay indebtedness or other financial obligations immediately in whole or in part, together with any attendant costs, and our funds could be forced to sell some of their assets to fund such costs. Our funds could lose both invested capital in, and anticipated profits from, the affected investment.
Borrowers of loans and other credit instruments made by our funds may be unable to make their loan payments on a timely basis and meet their loan covenants, and tenants leasing real estate properties owned by our funds may not be able to pay rents in a timely manner or at all, resulting in a decrease in value of our funds’ credit and real estate investments and lower than expected returns. In addition, for variable interest instruments, lower reference rates resulting from government stimulus programs in response to the COVID-19 pandemic could lead to lower interest income for funds making loans.
The COVID-19 pandemic may adversely impact our business and operations since an extended period of remote working by our employees could strain our technology resources and introduce operational risks, including heightened cybersecurity risk. While we have taken steps to secure our networks and systems, remote working environments may be less secure and more susceptible to hacking attacks, including phishing and social engineering attempts that seek to exploit the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, our data security, data privacy, investor reporting and business continuity processes could be impacted by a third party’s inability to perform due to the COVID-19 pandemic or by failures of, or attacks on, their information systems and technology. Also, our accounting and financial reporting systems, processes, and controls could be impacted as a result of these risks. In addition, COVID-19 presents a significant threat to our employees’ well-being and morale, and we may experience potential loss of productivity. If our senior management or other key personnel become ill or are otherwise unable to perform their duties for an extended period of time, we may experience a loss of productivity or a delay in the implementation of certain strategic plans. In addition to any potential impact of such extended illness on our operations, we may be exposed to the risk of litigation by our employees against us for, among other things, failure to take adequate steps to protect their well-being, particularly in the event they become sick after a return to the office. Further, local COVID-19-relatedCOVID-19 related laws can be subject to rapid change depending on public health developments, which can lead to confusion and make compliance with laws uncertain and subject us, our funds or our funds’ portfolio companies to increased risk of litigation for non-compliance.
Additionally, due to stay-at-home orders, travel restrictions, and other COVID-19 related responses, many of our staff cannot travel for in-person meetings and/or have been working remotely outside of their usual work location. This could create taxable presence or residency risks for our corporate entities, professionals, funds and portfolio companies, which could lead to increased tax liability and additional compliance complexities.
Regulatory oversight and enforcement may become more rigorous for the financial services industry and other regulated industries as a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial markets, especially in the wake of the array of governmental financial assistance programs provided by state and national governments around the world. In addition, new laws or regulations that are passed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic could adversely impact investment management firms. ThisThese changes may result in a more complex regulatory, tax and political environment, which could subject us to increased compliance costs and administrative burdens.
The global capital markets are currently in a period of disruption and instability. Abrupt changes in market conditions have in the past materially and adversely affected, and may in the future materially and adversely affect, debt and equity capital markets, which have had, and may continue to have, a negative impact on our business and operations.
Beginning in February 2020 and continuing through date of this Quarterly Report, capital markets entered into a period of disruption and instability, as evidenced by the volatility in global stock markets as a result of, among other things, uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, the fluctuating price of commodities such as oil and uncertainty between the United States and other countries with respect to trade policies, treaties and tariffs. Despite actions of the U.S. federal government and foreign governments, general economic conditions are materially and adversely impacting the broader financial and credit markets and reducing the availability of debt and equity capital for the market as a whole. These conditions could
continue for a prolonged period or worsen in the future. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and concerns regarding its global spread have negatively impacted, and are expected to continue to negatively impact, the domestic and international demand for oil and natural gas, which has caused and may continue to cause price volatility and reduced volumes of oil and natural gas transports. In April 2020, members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”) and Russia engaged in negotiations to potentially extend their agreed oil production cuts and to make additional oil production cuts. Market volatility was further amplified as a result of Saudi Arabia’s decision in early March to discount oil pricing and increase its production, and Russia’s announcement that all agreed oil production cuts between members of OPEC and Russia expired on April 1, 2020. Following these announcements, within one day global oil prices declined to their lowest levels since 2016. Although OPEC reached an agreement in April 2020 to limit production, and further agreed to extend oil production cuts through the end of July 2020, increased oil price volatility is expected to continue due to, among other factors, the uncertainties and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and any fluctuations in oil and natural gas prices, may adversely affect our funds and our funds’ investments.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
On July 1, 2020, we issued 7,724,224 shares of newly issued Class A common stockWe did not sell any equity securities during the period covered in a private transaction to equity holders of SSGthis report that was exempt from registration in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) ofwere not registered under the
Securities Act in partial consideration for the sellers' equity interests in SSG and its subsidiaries. In the acquisition of SSG, we indirectly acquired a majority interest in SSG and its subsidiaries in the form of a joint venture in exchange for the combination of the foregoing shares of newly issued Class A common stock and cash. See “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Recent Transactions” in this Quarterly Report for more information.1933.
Except as set forth below, all unregistered purchases of equity securities during the period covered by this Quarterly Report were previously disclosed in our current reports on Form 8-K or quarterly reports on Form 10-Q ($ in thousands; except share data):
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| Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased | Average Price Paid Per Share | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1) |
JulyJanuary 1, 20202021 - JulyJanuary 31, 20202021 | — | $ | — | | — | $ | 150,000 | |
AugustFebruary 1, 20202021 - August 31, 2020February 28, 2021 | — | — | | — | 150,000 | |
SeptemberMarch 1, 20202021 - September 30, 2020March 31, 2021 | — | — | | — | 150,000 | |
| Total | — | | — | |
(1)In February 2020,2021, our board of directors approved the renewal of our stock repurchase program that authorizes the repurchase of up to $150 million of shares of our Class A common stock. Under this stock repurchase program, shares may be repurchased from time to time in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, including in reliance on Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Act. The program is scheduled to expire in March 2021.February 2022. Repurchases under the program depend on the prevailing market conditions and other factors.
As permitted by our policies and procedures governing transactions in our securities by our directors, executive officers and other employees, from time to time some of these persons may establish plans or arrangements complying with Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act, and similar plans and arrangements relating to our Class A common stock.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
None.Disclosure Pursuant to Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act
Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 (“ITRA”) and Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act, require an issuer to disclose in its annual and quarterly reports whether it or any of its affiliates have knowingly engaged in specified activities or transactions relating to Iran. On January 31, 2019, funds and accounts managed by Ares’ European direct lending strategy (together, the “Ares funds”) collectively acquired a 32% equity stake in Daisy Group Limited (“Daisy”). Daisy is a provider of communication services to businesses based in the United Kingdom. The Ares funds do not hold a majority equity interest in Daisy and do not have the right to appoint a majority of directors to Daisy’s board of directors.
Subsequent to completion of the Ares funds’ investment in Daisy, in connection with Ares’s routine quarterly survey of its investment funds’ portfolio companies, Daisy informed the Ares funds that it has customer contracts with Melli Bank Plc and Persia International Bank Plc. Both Melli Bank Plc and Persia International Bank Plc have been designated by the Office of Foreign Assets Control within the U.S. Department of Treasury pursuant to Executive Order 13324. Daisy generated a total of £74,774 in annual revenues (less than 0.02% of Daisy’s annual revenues) from its dealings with Melli Bank Plc and Persia International Bank Plc and de minimis net profits. Daisy entered into the customer contracts with Melli Bank Plc and Persia International Bank Plc prior to the Ares funds’ investment in Daisy.
Daisy has given notice of termination of the contracts to Melli Bank Plc and Persia International Bank Plc. Following termination of the contracts, Daisy does not intend to engage in any further dealings or transactions with Melli Bank Plc or Persia International Bank Plc.
Item 6. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
(a)Exhibits.
The following is a list of all exhibits filed or furnished as part of this report.
| | | | | | | | |
| Exhibit No. | | Description |
| | Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Ares Management Corporation. |
| | Bylaws of Ares Management CorporationIncorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.4 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36429) filed with the SEC on November 15, 2018). |
| | Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of Ares Holdings L.P., dated April 1, 2021. |
| | Third Amended & Restated 2014 Equity Incentive Plan. |
| | Fifth Amended and Restated Exchange Agreement, dated April 1, 2021. |
| | Third Amended and Restated Tax Receivable Agreement, dated April 1, 2021. |
| | Form of Indemnification Agreement. |
| | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a). |
| | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a). |
| | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. |
| 101.INS* | | XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. |
| 101.SCH* | | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. |
| 101.CAL* | | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. |
| 101.DEF* | | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. |
| 101.LAB* | | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. |
| 101.PRE* | | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. |
| 104* | | Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. |
* These certifications are not deemed filed by the SEC and are not to be incorporated by reference in any filing we make under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, irrespective of any general incorporation language in any filings.
** Filed herewith
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | ARES MANAGEMENT CORPORATION |
| | | | |
| | | | |
Dated: NovemberMay 6, 20202021 | | By: | /s/ Michael J Arougheti |
| | | Name: | Michael J Arougheti |
| | | Title: | Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer & President (Principal Executive Officer) |
| | | |
| | | |
Dated: NovemberMay 6, 20202021 | | By: | /s/ Michael R. McFerran |
| | Name: | Michael R. McFerran |
| | Title: | Chief Operating Officer & Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
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