UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____ to ____

Commission File Number 001-38252

Spark Networks SE

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)


Germany			N/A
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
Kohlfurter Straße 41/43 Berlin Germany			10999
(Address of principal executive offices)			(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (+49) 30 868000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading

Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

American Depository Shares each representing one-tenth of an ordinary share

LOV

The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC

Ordinary shares, €1.00 nominal value per share*

* Not for trading purposes, but only in connection with the registration of American Depository Shares pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☐

Accelerated filer

☒

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☒

Emerging growth company

☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of ordinary shares outstanding as of ~~May 2,~~August 1, 2022 was ~~2,619,586~~2,617,397.

Table of Contents


		Page
PART I
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of ~~March 31,~~June 3 0 , 2022 and December 31, 2021	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 3 0 , 2022 and 2021	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 3 0 , 2022 and 2021	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 3 0 , 2022 and 2021	6
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
	Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	7
	Note 2 - Revenue	8
	Note 3 - Income Taxes	8
	Note 4 - ~~Accrued Expenses~~Goodwill and ~~Other Liabilities~~Intangible Assets	9
	Note 5 - ~~Long-term Debt~~Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities	910
	Note 6 - ~~Contingencies~~Long-term Debt	11
	Note 7 - ~~Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements~~Contingencies	12
	Note 8 - Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements	13
	Note 9 - Stock-based Compensation	1214


Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	1517
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	2023
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	2023

PART II
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	2225
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	2225
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	2225
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	2225
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	2225
Item 5.	Other Information	2225
Item 6.	Exhibits	2326
	Signatures	2427

PART I

Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

Spark Networks SE

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share data)


		March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021			June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Assets	Assets					Assets
Current assets:	Current assets:					Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	$	13,007	$	16,141	Cash and cash equivalents	$	11,350	$	16,141
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $361 and $368, respectively		5,753		6,261
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $338 and $368, respectively						Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $338 and $368, respectively	5,584		6,261
Prepaid expenses	Prepaid expenses	4,395		3,201		Prepaid expenses	4,421		3,201
Other current assets	Other current assets	886		1,085		Other current assets	2,323		1,085
Total current assets	Total current assets	24,041		26,688		Total current assets	23,678		26,688
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $4,212 and $3,998, respectively		3,748		3,613
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $4,268 and $3,998, respectively						Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $4,268 and $3,998, respectively	4,064		3,613
Goodwill	Goodwill	134,733		134,744		Goodwill	134,693		134,744
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $15,799 and $15,522, respectively		29,049		29,369
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $16,162 and $15,522, respectively						Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $16,162 and $15,522, respectively	28,725		29,369
Deferred tax assets	Deferred tax assets	7,471		7,623		Deferred tax assets	6,990		7,623
Other assets	Other assets	7,142		7,764		Other assets	6,515		7,764
Total assets	Total assets	$	206,184	$	209,801	Total assets	$	204,665	$	209,801
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity	Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity					Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Current liabilities:	Current liabilities:					Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	Current portion of long-term debt	$	—	$	17,593	Current portion of long-term debt	$	1,182	$	17,593
Accounts payable	Accounts payable	2,098		11,474		Accounts payable	8,319		11,474
Deferred revenue	Deferred revenue	35,299		36,973		Deferred revenue	34,877		36,973
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	26,359		27,042		Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	25,690		27,042
Total current liabilities	Total current liabilities	63,756		93,082		Total current liabilities	70,068		93,082
Long-term debt, net of current portion	Long-term debt, net of current portion	94,282		64,531		Long-term debt, net of current portion	93,343		64,531
Deferred tax liabilities	Deferred tax liabilities	999		1,077		Deferred tax liabilities	928		1,077
Other liabilities	Other liabilities	18,192		18,418		Other liabilities	17,900		18,418
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	177,229		177,108		Total liabilities	182,239		177,108
Contingencies (Note 6)		0		0
Contingencies (Note 7)						Contingencies (Note 7)	0		0
Shareholders' Equity:	Shareholders' Equity:					Shareholders' Equity:
Common stock, €1.00 nominal value; 3,521,005 shares authorized; 2,661,386 shares issued; 2,617,397 shares outstanding as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021		3,064		3,064
Treasury stock, at €1.00 nominal value; 43,989 shares as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021		(48)		(48)
Common stock, €1.00 nominal value; 3,521,005 shares authorized; 2,661,386 shares issued; 2,617,397 shares outstanding as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021						Common stock, €1.00 nominal value; 3,521,005 shares authorized; 2,661,386 shares issued; 2,617,397 shares outstanding as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021	3,064		3,064
Treasury stock, at €1.00 nominal value; 43,989 shares as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021						Treasury stock, at €1.00 nominal value; 43,989 shares as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021	(48)		(48)
Additional paid-in capital	Additional paid-in capital	223,605		223,103		Additional paid-in capital	224,095		223,103
Accumulated deficit	Accumulated deficit	(205,752)		(200,403)		Accumulated deficit	(216,635)		(200,403)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	Accumulated other comprehensive income	8,086		6,977		Accumulated other comprehensive income	11,950		6,977
Total shareholders' equity	Total shareholders' equity	28,955		32,693		Total shareholders' equity	22,426		32,693
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	206,184	$	209,801	Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	204,665	$	209,801

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Spark Networks SE

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share data)


		Three Months Ended March 31,					Three Months Ended June 30,			Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022		2021				2022		2021		2022		2021
Revenue	Revenue	$	52,374	$	56,379	Revenue		$	48,035	$	55,253	$	97,942	$	111,632
Operating costs and expenses:	Operating costs and expenses:					Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization	Cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization	34,246		36,918		Cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization		36,356		32,881		70,602		69,799
Other operating expenses	Other operating expenses	15,435		16,151		Other operating expenses		14,520		14,924		29,955		31,075
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization	603		2,290		Depreciation and amortization		577		2,298		1,180		4,588

Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets						Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets		—		32,086		—		32,086
Total operating costs and expenses	Total operating costs and expenses	50,284		55,359		Total operating costs and expenses		51,453		82,189		101,737		137,548
Operating income		2,090		1,020
Operating loss						Operating loss		(3,418)		(26,936)		(3,795)		(25,916)
Other income (expense):	Other income (expense):					Other income (expense):

Interest expense	Interest expense	(6,882)		(3,440)		Interest expense		(2,706)		(3,802)		(9,588)		(7,242)
Loss on foreign currency transactions		(767)		(1,728)
Other income (expense)		263		(16)
(Loss) gain on foreign currency transactions						(Loss) gain on foreign currency transactions		(2,441)		584		(3,208)		(1,144)
Other (expense) income						Other (expense) income		(3)		(2)		260		(18)
Total other expense, net	Total other expense, net	(7,386)		(5,184)		Total other expense, net		(5,150)		(3,220)		(12,536)		(8,404)
Loss before income taxes	Loss before income taxes	(5,296)		(4,164)		Loss before income taxes		(8,568)		(30,156)		(16,331)		(34,320)
Income tax expense		(53)		(2,340)
Income tax (expense) benefit						Income tax (expense) benefit		(193)		(18,871)		99		(21,211)
Net loss	Net loss	(5,349)		(6,504)		Net loss		(8,761)		(49,027)		(16,232)		(55,531)
Other comprehensive income (loss):	Other comprehensive income (loss):					Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustment	Foreign currency translation adjustment	1,109		2,354		Foreign currency translation adjustment		3,880		(800)		4,973		1,554
Comprehensive loss	Comprehensive loss	$	(4,240)	$	(4,150)	Comprehensive loss		$	(4,881)	$	(49,827)	$	(11,259)	$	(53,977)

Loss per share:	Loss per share:					Loss per share:
Basic loss per share	Basic loss per share	$	(2.04)	$	(2.50)	Basic loss per share		$	(3.35)	$	(18.80)	$	(6.20)	$	(21.30)
Diluted loss per share	Diluted loss per share	$	(2.04)	$	(2.50)	Diluted loss per share		$	(3.35)	$	(18.80)	$	(6.20)	$	(21.30)

Weighted average shares outstanding:	Weighted average shares outstanding:					Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic	Basic	2,617,397		2,605,689		Basic		2,617,397		2,608,370		2,617,397		2,607,038
Diluted	Diluted	2,617,397		2,605,689		Diluted		2,617,397		2,608,370		2,617,397		2,607,038

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Spark Networks SE

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share data)


		Three Months Ended March 31, 2022															Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
		Common Stock			Treasury Stock												Common Stock			Treasury Stock
		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Total shareholders' equity			Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Total shareholders' equity
Balance at January 1, 2022		2,661,386	$	3,064	(43,989)	$	(48)	$	223,103	$	(200,403)	$	6,977	$	32,693
Balance at April 1, 2022																Balance at April 1, 2022	2,661,386	$	3,064	(43,989)	$	(48)	$	223,605	$	(207,874)	$	8,070	$	26,817
Stock-based compensation	Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		502		—		—		502		Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		490		—		—		490

Net loss	Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(5,349)		—		(5,349)		Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(8,761)		—		(8,761)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—	—		—		—		1,109		1,109		Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—	—		—		—		3,880		3,880
Balance at March 31, 2022		2,661,386	$	3,064	(43,989)	$	(48)	$	223,605	$	(205,752)	$	8,086	$	28,955
Balance at June 30, 2022																Balance at June 30, 2022	2,661,386	$	3,064	(43,989)	$	(48)	$	224,095	$	(216,635)	$	11,950	$	22,426

																	Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
		Three Months Ended March 31, 2021															Common Stock			Treasury Stock
		Common Stock			Treasury Stock												Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Total shareholders' equity
		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Total shareholders' equity
Balance at January 1, 2021		2,661,386	$	3,064	(55,697)	$	(61)	$	220,852	$	(132,248)	$	3,296	$	94,903
Balance at April 1, 2021																Balance at April 1, 2021	2,661,386	$	3,064	(55,697)	$	(61)	$	221,888	$	(138,752)	$	5,650	$	91,789
Stock-based compensation	Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		1,036		—		—		1,036		Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		580		—		—		580
Treasury stock issued pursuant to equity-based plans																Treasury stock issued pursuant to equity-based plans	—	—		7,569	8		(386)		—		—		(378)
Net loss	Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(6,504)		—		(6,504)		Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(49,027)		—		(49,027)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—	—		—		—		2,354		2,354		Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—	—		—		—		(800)		(800)
Balance at March 31, 2021		2,661,386	$	3,064	(55,697)	$	(61)	$	221,888	$	(138,752)	$	5,650	$	91,789

Balance at June 30, 2021																Balance at June 30, 2021	2,661,386	$	3,064	(48,128)	$	(53)	$	222,082	$	(187,779)	$	4,850	$	42,164


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Common Stock			Treasury Stock
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Total shareholders' equity
Balance at January 1, 2022	2,661,386	$	3,064	(43,989)	$	(48)	$	223,103	$	(200,403)	$	6,977	$	32,693
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		992		—		—		992
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(16,232)		—		(16,232)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—	—		—		—		4,973		4,973
Balance at June 30, 2022	2,661,386	$	3,064	(43,989)	$	(48)	$	224,095	$	(216,635)	$	11,950	$	22,426

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
	Common Stock			Treasury Stock
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Total shareholders' equity
Balance at January 1, 2021	2,661,386	$	3,064	(55,697)	$	(61)	$	220,852	$	(132,248)	$	3,296	$	94,903
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		1,616		—		—		1,616
Treasury stock issued pursuant to equity-based plans	—	—		7,569	8		(386)		—		—		(378)
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(55,531)		—		(55,531)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—	—		—		—		1,554		1,554
Balance at June 30, 2021	2,661,386	$	3,064	(48,128)	$	(53)	$	222,082	$	(187,779)	$	4,850	$	42,164

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Spark Networks SE

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(in thousands)


		Three Months Ended March 31,					Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022		2021			2022		2021
Net loss	Net loss	$	(5,349)	$	(6,504)	Net loss	$	(16,232)	$	(55,531)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities:
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:						Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization	603		2,290		Depreciation and amortization	1,180		4,588

Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets						Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets	—		32,086
Loss on tangible and intangible assets	Loss on tangible and intangible assets	15		—		Loss on tangible and intangible assets	30		—
Unrealized loss on foreign currency transactions	Unrealized loss on foreign currency transactions	1,078		340		Unrealized loss on foreign currency transactions	3,837		1,630
Stock-based compensation expense	Stock-based compensation expense	502		1,036		Stock-based compensation expense	992		1,616
Amortization of debt issuance costs and accretion of debt discounts	Amortization of debt issuance costs and accretion of debt discounts	805		916		Amortization of debt issuance costs and accretion of debt discounts	1,343		2,275
Loss on extinguishment of debt	Loss on extinguishment of debt	3,964		—		Loss on extinguishment of debt	3,964		—
Deferred tax expense	Deferred tax expense	(79)		2,340		Deferred tax expense	(158)		21,211
Provision for credit losses	Provision for credit losses	142		95		Provision for credit losses	256		214
Non-cash lease expense	Non-cash lease expense	546		470		Non-cash lease expense	1,092		563
Change in operating assets and liabilities:	Change in operating assets and liabilities:					Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	Accounts receivable	261		(3,328)		Accounts receivable	326		(4,099)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(1,053)		(2,095)		Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(2,687)		(793)
Other assets	Other assets	(31)		(33)		Other assets	(5)		525
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other current liabilities	Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other current liabilities	(9,937)		1,533		Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other current liabilities	(2,980)		(774)
Other liabilities	Other liabilities	(599)		(93)		Other liabilities	(1,045)		(814)
Deferred revenue	Deferred revenue	(1,343)		2,646		Deferred revenue	(608)		1,932
Net cash used in operating activities		$	(10,475)	$	(387)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities						Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	$	(10,695)	$	4,629

Capital expenditures	Capital expenditures	(490)		(423)		Capital expenditures	(1,268)		(661)

Net cash used in investing activities	Net cash used in investing activities	$	(490)	$	(423)	Net cash used in investing activities	$	(1,268)	$	(661)

Proceeds from debt, net of discount and issuance costs	Proceeds from debt, net of discount and issuance costs	$	97,750	$	—	Proceeds from debt, net of discount and issuance costs	$	97,750	$	—
Repayment of debt	Repayment of debt	(85,552)		(3,163)		Repayment of debt	(85,552)		(13,087)
Debt issuance costs paid to third parties	Debt issuance costs paid to third parties	(3,531)		—		Debt issuance costs paid to third parties	(3,531)		—
Payment of early extinguishment of debt charge	Payment of early extinguishment of debt charge	(893)		—		Payment of early extinguishment of debt charge	(893)		—
Payments directly related to debt	Payments directly related to debt	—		(523)		Payments directly related to debt	—		(523)

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	$	7,774	$	(3,686)	Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	$	7,774	$	(13,610)

Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	(3,191)		(4,496)		Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	(4,189)		(9,642)
Effects of exchange rate fluctuations on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	Effects of exchange rate fluctuations on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	55		781		Effects of exchange rate fluctuations on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	(613)		(275)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	(3,136)	$	(3,715)	Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	(4,802)	$	(9,917)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	16,279		21,117		Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	16,279		21,117
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	13,143	$	17,402	Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	11,477	$	11,200

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:	Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:					Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest including payment of early extinguishment of debt charges of $893 and $0, respectively	Cash paid for interest including payment of early extinguishment of debt charges of $893 and $0, respectively	$	2,953	$	2,497	Cash paid for interest including payment of early extinguishment of debt charges of $893 and $0, respectively	$	5,107	$	4,849
Cash paid for income taxes	Cash paid for income taxes	$	29	$	—	Cash paid for income taxes	$	2,538	$	—

Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash to the condensed consolidated balance sheets	Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash to the condensed consolidated balance sheets	Mar-22		Dec-21		Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash to the condensed consolidated balance sheets	Jun-22		Dec-21
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	$	13,007	$	16,141	Cash and cash equivalents	$	11,350	$	16,141
Restricted cash included in other current assets	Restricted cash included in other current assets	136		138		Restricted cash included in other current assets	127		138
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as shown on the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows	Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as shown on the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows	$	13,143	$	16,279	Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as shown on the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows	$	11,477	$	16,279

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Spark Networks SE

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Note 1. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business

Spark Networks SE (the "Company") is a leader in social dating platforms for meaningful relationships focusing on the 40+ age demographic and faith-based affiliations, including Zoosk, EliteSingles, SilverSingles, Christian Mingle, Jdate, and JSwipe, among others. The Company's brands are tailored to quality dating with real users looking for love and companionship in a safe and comfortable environment. The Company is domiciled in Germany with significant corporate operations, including executive leadership, accounting and finance, located in the United States. Except where the context clearly indicates otherwise, the terms “the Company,” “Spark Networks,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Spark Networks SE and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

The Company prepares its consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("U.S. GAAP") and applicable rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), regarding interim financial reporting. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

In management's opinion, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual consolidated financial statements and reflect, in management’s opinion, all adjustments, consisting of normal and recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company's balance sheets, statement of operations and comprehensive loss, statement of shareholders' equity and statement of cash flows for the periods presented. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the Company's entire fiscal year. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC for the year ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2021 ("2021 Form 10-K").

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Significant estimates and assumptions are required in the determination of: revenue reserves, deferred tax asset valuation allowances, unrecognized tax benefits, classification and measurement of virtual stock option plans, and annual impairment testing of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets. The Company evaluates its estimates and judgements on an ongoing basis based on historical experience, expectations of future events and various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances and revises them when necessary. Actual results may differ from the original or revised estimates.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company's financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which contemplates the realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of the date of the financial statements, the Company has generated losses from operations, incurred historical impairment charges to its Zoosk goodwill and intangible assets and has a working capital deficiency. These factors are potential indications of the Company's inability to continue as a going concern. In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 205-40, Going Concern, the Company evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that these consolidated financial statements are issued.

The Company's plans to alleviate these indicators include growing its subscriber base by improving its marketing techniques and implementing new features to increase customer engagement on its various platforms. Further, on March 11, 2022, the Company completed the successful refinancing of its existing term and revolving facility with borrowings under a new term loan facility with MGG Investment Group LP (the "Term Loan"), which provides more covenant flexibility and allows more resources to be invested into the business to drive growth. The Term Loan was amended on August 5, 2022 to, among other things, revise certain financial covenants related to quarterly testing of the Company's leverage ratio. Refer to Note 5.6. Long-term Debt for additional information. The Company's plans, along with its current cash and cash equivalents, is expected to be

sufficient to meet its anticipated cash requirements for financial liabilities, capital expenditures and contractual obligations, for at least the next 12 months from the issuance of these financial statements.

COVID-19 Update

During 2020, the novel coronavirus ("COVID-19") outbreak spread worldwide and was declared a global pandemic in March 2020. Despite challenging economic conditions on consumers, we maintained stable churn levels during the period and experienced positive user engagement. The global outbreak of COVID-19 continues to rapidly evolve. Management is actively monitoring the global situation and potential impact on the Company's business. The effects of COVID-19 did not have a material impact on the Company's result of operations or financial condition for the period ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022. However, given the evolution of the COVID-19 situation, and the global responses to curb its spread, the Company is not able to estimate the effects COVID-19 may have on its future results of operations or financial condition.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

There were no new accounting pronouncements issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board during the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022 and through the date of filing of this report that had or are expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Note 2. Revenue

For the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022 and 2021, revenue was as follows:


		Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	2022		2021			(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Subscription revenue	Subscription revenue	$	50,009	$	54,546		Subscription revenue	$	45,975	$	53,697	$	93,517	$	108,243
Virtual currency revenue	Virtual currency revenue	1,525		1,096			Virtual currency revenue	1,440		811		2,965		1,907
Advertising revenue	Advertising revenue	840		737			Advertising revenue	620		745		1,460		1,482
Total Revenue	Total Revenue	$	52,374	$	56,379		Total Revenue	$	48,035	$	55,253	$	97,942	$	111,632

Revenue disaggregated by geography, based on where the revenue is generated, consists of the following:


		Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	2022		2021			(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
United States	United States	$	34,569	$	36,550		United States	$	32,616	$	36,039	$	66,047	$	72,588
France		3,229		5,374
Germany	Germany	308		333			Germany	278		305		562		638
Rest of world	Rest of world	14,268		14,122			Rest of world	15,141		18,909		31,333		38,406
Total Revenue	Total Revenue	$	52,374	$	56,379		Total Revenue	$	48,035	$	55,253	$	97,942	$	111,632

~~The Company's deferred revenue balances as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are $35.3 million and $37.0 million, respectively.~~ During the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized ~~$26.1~~$33.5 million and ~~$28.8~~$34.1 million of revenue, respectively, that was included in the deferred revenue balances as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Note 3. Income Taxes

For the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded income tax expense of ~~$0.1~~$0.2 million and ~~$2.3~~$18.9 million, respectively, which reflects an effective tax rate of ~~(1.0)~~(2.3)% and ~~112.5%~~(62.7)%, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded income tax benefit of $0.1 million and income tax expense of $21.2 million, respectively, which reflects an effective rate of 0.6% and (61.9)%, respectively. The ~~decrease~~change in the ~~income tax expense~~provision for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022 was primarily driven by the Company benefiting from year to date losses in the U.S. ~~jurisdiction.~~jurisdiction and the June 2021 establishment of a valuation allowance against US deferred tax assets.

The Company had a valuation allowance against certain U.S., Israel, and German deferred tax assets as of both ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The Company evaluates on a quarterly basis whether the deferred tax assets are realizable which requires significant judgement. The Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including historical operating performance and expectations of future operating performance.

As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company has $4.8 million and $4.7 million of unrecognized tax benefits, respectively. Of the $4.8 million of unrecognized tax benefits as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022, $1.4 million would impact the effective tax rate if recognized, and $2.9 million would result ~~would result~~ in an increase in the valuation allowance. As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company has recorded $0.8 million and $0.7 million of interest and penalties, ~~for both periods~~respectively, related to unrecognized tax benefits. The Company’s policy is to classify interest and penalties as a component of income tax expense.

As a matter of course, the Company may be audited by Germany, U.S. Federal and state, Israel, France, the U.K. and other foreign tax authorities within which it operates. From time to time, these audits result in proposed assessments. The Company was notified during 2020 that the Israeli tax authorities were auditing Spark Networks Ltd. for the tax years 2016-2019. There is minimal activity in the entity and, while we do not expect adverse findings, any potential ~~finding~~findings would result in a reduction of the net operating loss carryforward which has a full valuation allowance against it.The Company received correspondence from the German tax authorities auditing Spark SE for the tax years 2017-2018, as well as Spark GmbH for the tax years 2016-2018 ~~after March 31,~~during the quarter ending June 30, 2022. While the ~~company~~Company is in the process of assessing and responding to the correspondence, there does not appear to be any material changes or adjustments.

Based on the current status of Germany, U.S. Federal, state, local and other foreign audits, the Company does not expect the amount of unrecognized tax benefits to significantly decrease in the next 12 months as a result of settlements of tax audits and/or the expiration of statutes of limitations.

Note 4. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The Company performs its annual goodwill impairment test during the fourth quarter of each year, or more frequently if triggering events indicate a possible impairment in one or more of its reporting units. During the second quarter of 2021, the Company lowered its financial expectations for the remainder of 2021 due to increased cyberattacks, delays in product initiatives and a more uncertain COVID-19 outlook. These factors constituted an interim triggering event as of the end of the Company's second quarter of 2021, and the Company performed an impairment analysis with regard to its indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill.

Goodwill

The following table summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and June 30, 2021:


(in thousands)
Balance as of January 1, 2022	$	134,744
Impairment charges	—
Impact of currency translation	(51)
Balance as of June 30, 2022	$	134,693

Balance as of January 1, 2021	$	156,582
Impairment charges	(21,786)
Impact of currency translation	(21)
Balance as of June 30, 2021	$	134,775

For the quarter ended June 30, 2021, the Company recognized $21.8 million impairment charges for its Zoosk reporting unit. NaN goodwill impairment was recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2022.

The total accumulated impairment loss of the Company's goodwill was $84.5 million as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consists of the following as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:


	June 30, 2022
(in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Impairment Charges		Accumulated Amortization		Currency Translation Impact on Carrying Amount		Net Carrying Amount
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Brands and trademarks	$	63,800	$	(36,360)	$	—	$	—	$	27,440
Long-lived intangible assets:
Brands and trademarks	86		—		(54)		(2)		30
Acquired technology	5,910		—		(4,663)		—		1,247
Customer relationships	10,780		—		(10,780)		—		—
Licenses and domains	205		—		(195)		(2)		8
Other	470		—		(470)		—		—
Total intangible assets	$	81,251	$	(36,360)	$	(16,162)	$	(4)	$	28,725


	December 31, 2021
(in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Impairment Charges		Accumulated Amortization		Currency Translation Impact on Carrying Amount		Net Carrying Amount
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Brands and trademarks	$	63,800	$	(36,360)	$	—	$	—	$	27,440
Long-lived intangible assets:
Brands and trademarks	86		—		(50)		—		36
Acquired technology	5,910		—		(4,039)		—		1,871
Customer relationships	10,780		—		(10,780)		—		—
Licenses and domains	205		—		(183)		—		22
Other	470		—		(470)		—		—
Total intangible assets	$	81,251	$	(36,360)	$	(15,522)	$	—	$	29,369

During the quarter ended June 30, 2021, the Company recognized a Zoosk trademark impairment charge of $10.3 million. No impairment charge was recorded for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

Amortization expense for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and June 30, 2021 was $0.3 million and $1.7 million, respectively. Amortization expense for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and June 30, 2021 was $0.6 million and $3.4 million, respectively.

Note 4.5. Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:


(in thousands)	(in thousands)	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		(in thousands)	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Accrued advertising	Accrued advertising	$	7,824	$	6,483	Accrued advertising	$	9,984	$	6,483
Accrued employee compensation and benefits	Accrued employee compensation and benefits	1,619		1,487		Accrued employee compensation and benefits	1,396		1,487
Accrued professional fees	Accrued professional fees	1,001		835		Accrued professional fees	1,198		835
Accrued service providers	Accrued service providers	2,018		1,806		Accrued service providers	1,359		1,806
Accrued value-added, sales, and other non-income-based taxes	Accrued value-added, sales, and other non-income-based taxes	7,629		8,837		Accrued value-added, sales, and other non-income-based taxes	8,399		8,837
Current portion of income tax payable	Current portion of income tax payable	3,673		3,733		Current portion of income tax payable	606		3,733
Current portion of lease liabilities	Current portion of lease liabilities	2,344		2,325		Current portion of lease liabilities	2,331		2,325
Other	Other	251		1,536		Other	417		1,536
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	26,359	$	27,042	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	25,690	$	27,042

Other liabilities consist of the following as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

(in thousands) March 31, 2022 December 31, 2021
Deferred payment to Zoosk's shareholders $ 11,833 $ 11,545
Lease liabilities, less current portion 3,272 3,887
Sublease security deposit 1,038 1,038
Other 2,049 1,948
Other liabilities $ 18,192 $ 18,418


(in thousands)	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Deferred payment to Zoosk's shareholders	$	12,126	$	11,545
Lease liabilities, less current portion	2,639		3,887
Sublease security deposit	1,038		1,038
Other	2,097		1,948
Other liabilities	$	17,900	$	18,418

Note 5.6. Long-term Debt

MGG Term Loan Agreement

On March 11, 2022, the Company entered into a Financing Agreement ( the "Financing Agreement" ) with Zoosk, Inc. and Spark Networks, Inc., the subsidiary guarantor party thereto, the lender party thereto, and MGG Investment Group LP ("MGG"), as administrative agent and collateral agent (the "Term Loan"). The ~~agreement~~Financing Agreement provides for senior secured term loans of $100.0 million. Substantially all of the Company's assets are pledged as collateral. Borrowings under the Term Loan bear interest at a rate equal to LIBOR plus an applicable margin of 7.5% per annum. The proceeds were used to repay in full all amounts outstanding under the ~~Loan Facilities~~loan facilities with Blue Torch Finance LLC. The outstanding principal amounts will be repayable in quarterly payments of $1.25

million commencing with the quarter ending June 30, 2023 through March 31, 2025, and $2.50 million commencing with the quarter ending June 30, 2025 and thereafter.

The Term Loan was issued at a discount of 2.0% of the aggregate principal amount of the $100.0 million. Transaction costs and overhead fees of $3.5 million and $0.3 million, respectively, were paid at closing. Through the effective interest rate method, the discount and overhead fees on the Term Loan are amortized to interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss through the maturity on March 11, 2027 ("Maturity Date"). The effective interest on the ~~loan~~Term Loan was 10.1%. In addition, pursuant to the terms of the Term Loan, within 5 days after the annual financial statements are required to be delivered to the lender, commencing with the delivery of the fiscal year 2022 audited financial statements, the Company is required to make a prepayment of the loan principal in an amount equal to a percentage of the excess ~~cashflow~~cash flow of the most recently completed fiscal year.

The ~~Loan~~Financing Agreement requires the following financial covenants to be maintained: (i) quarterly leverage ratio no greater than 4.50 to 1.00 for the quarter ending June 30, 2022, 4.25 to 1.00 through June 30, 2023, 3.75 to 1.00 through June 30, 2024, 3.25 to 1.00 through June 30, 2025, 2.75 to 1.00 through June 30, 2026 and 2.25 to 1.00 through the maturity date of the loan; (ii) marketing efficiency ratio to be less than 1.36 to 1.00 for the quarter ending June 30, 2022 through the maturity date of the loan; and (iii) minimum liquidity of $5.0 million at any time. In addition, the ~~Term Loan~~Financing Agreement contains a number of covenants that, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, the Company and its subsidiaries' ability to: incur additional indebtedness, create liens, engage in mergers or consolidations, sell or transfer assets, pay dividends and distributions, make share repurchases, make certain acquisitions, engage in certain transactions with affiliates and change lines of business.

On August 5, 2022, the Company entered into an amendment to the Financing Agreement (the "Amendment"). The Amendment revised certain financial covenants associated with the quarterly leverage ratio and requires the Company to maintain quarterly leverage ratio no greater than 5.25 to 1.00 for the quarter ending June 30, 2022, 5.50 to 1.00 for the quarter ending September 30, 2022, 5.75 to 1.00 for the quarter ending December 31, 2022, and 5.50 to 1.00 for the quarter ending March 31, 2023. The remaining quarterly leverage ratio did not change. The Amendment also requires the Company's minimum marketing spend for the twelve consecutive month period ending at the end of each fiscal quarter, commencing with the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2022, not to be less than $80.0 million.

Additionally, the Amendment amended the margin for the Term Loan interest to be set at the levels based on the period for which the leverage ratio is calculated. Specifically, from August 5, 2022 to June 30, 2023, the margin shall be 7.5% or 8.5% on reference rate or LIBOR rate, respectively, based on the leverage ratio greater than or equal to 4.25 to 1.00, or 7.0% or 8.0% on reference rate or LIBOR rate, respectively, based on the leverage ratio less than 4.25 to 1.00, and after June 30, 2023, the margin shall be 7.5% or 8.5% on reference rate or LIBOR rate, respectively, based on the leverage ratio greater than or equal to 3.75 to 1.00, or 7.0% or 8.0% on reference rate or LIBOR rate, respectively, based on the leverage ratio less than 3.75 to 1.00.

As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022,, we were in compliance with all such covenants, and the aggregated outstanding principal balance and amortized cost basis of the Term Loan was ~~$100.0~~$100 million and ~~$94.3~~$94.5 million, respectively.

Termination of Blue Torch Term Loan Facility and Blue Torch Revolving Credit Facility

~~On July 1, 2019, in connection with~~During the ~~acquisition of Zoosk,~~quarter ended March 31, 2022, the Company ~~entered into a Loan~~used funds borrowed under the Financing Agreement ~~with Zoosk, Spark Networks, Inc.,~~to pay off the ~~subsidiary guarantors party thereto,~~outstanding balance of the ~~lenders party thereto, and~~debt under the existing Blue Torch Finance LLC ("Administrative Agent"), as administrative agent and collateral agent (the "Senior Secured Facilities Agreement") that provides for a four-year $125.0 million Senior Secured Facility, maturing July 1, 2023 (the "Maturity Date"). The Senior Secured Facilities Agreement provides for a term loan facility ~~in an aggregate amount equal to $120.0 million~~ (the ~~"Term~~"Blue Torch Term Loan Facility") ~~and~~with a revolving credit facility in an aggregate amount equal to $5.0 million (the "Revolving Credit Facility" and, together with the Term Loan Facility, the "Facilities"). Borrowings under the Facilities bear interest at a rate equal to either LIBOR plus an applicable margin of 8.0% per annum.

On December 2, 2020, the Company entered into the Second Amendment to Loan Agreement (the "Second Amendment" and together with the Term Loan Facility, the "Amended Term Loan Facility"), which established an additional $6.0 million of term loan commitment to its existing Term Loan Facility. The additional borrowing was applied to pay the quarterly Term Loan Facility principal and interest payments on December 31, 2020 and March 31, 2021. The Second Amendment was accounted for as a modification of debt, and as such, the third-party costs incurred in connection with the Second Amendment of approximately $1.3 million were expensed as incurred. The debt issuance costs of $1.3 million that were paid directly to the lender at the closing date were capitalized and will be amortized using the effective interest method over the term of the loan. The effective interest rate on the modified loan is 11.3%. The Second Amendment required repayment of the principal amount of ~~$0.15 million quarterly, beginning on March 31, 2021, in addition to the $3.0 million quarterly principal repayment of the original Term Loan Facility and the modified interest.~~

On March 5, 2021, the Company entered into a Limited Waiver under Loan Agreement (the "Limited Waiver") with the Administrative Agent and the lenders pursuant to which certain defaults under the Senior Secured Facilities Agreement were waived. In consideration of the Limited Waiver, the Company agreed to pay the Administrative Agent, for the ratable benefit of the lenders, a fee of $0.5 million upon the execution of the Limited Waiver, plus $0.3 million paid in kind by capitalizing such amount into the principal balance under the Senior Secured Facilities Agreement. The aggregated fees were capitalized and was amortized using the effective interest rate of 11.8%.

On March 11, 2022, the Company entered into the Term Loan Agreement with MGG as described above and the facility was terminated. The aggregated outstanding principal balance of the existing Term Loan Facility and the Second Amendment was $85.6 million, and the amortized cost basis ~~was~~of $82.1 million as of December 31, 2021. The Company recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $3.9 million, ~~in the first quarter of Fiscal 2022,~~ which is comprised of $3.0 million of unamortized debt issuance cost offset by the debt discount with the Blue Torch ~~term loan facility,~~Term Loan Facility, and a prepayment penalty of $0.9 million.

The loss on extinguishment of debt is included ~~as a component of~~in the Interest expense inon the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022.~~2022, The existing Blue Torch Term Loan Facility was terminated.

Additionally, the Company terminated the existing Blue Torch revolving credit facility (the "Blue Torch Revolving Credit ~~Facility~~

The $5.0 million Revolving Credit Facility has a commitment fee of 0.75% per annum on the unutilized commitments thereunder payable on the Maturity Date. As the Revolving Credit Facility is not expected to be drawn down, transaction costsFacility") and upfront fees totaling $0.3 million related to the Revolving Credit Facility were deferred and are being amortized over the term of the agreement. On March 11, 2022, the Company entered in to the Term Loan Agreement as described above and the facility was terminated, and there were no outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility as of December 31, 2021. The Company recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $0.1 million induring the ~~first~~ quarter ~~of Fiscal~~ended March 31, 2022 for unamortized transaction costs and upfront fees related to the Blue Torch Revolving Credit Facility, which iswas included ~~as a component of~~in Interest expense in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive ~~Loss for~~Loss. There was no outstanding debt under the ~~three months ended March 31, 2022.~~Blue Torch Revolving Credit Facility at the time of termination.

The Facilities contain a number of covenants that, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, the Company's ability and the ability of its subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness, create liens, engage in mergers or consolidations, sell or transfer assets, pay dividends and distributions and make share repurchases, make certain acquisitions, engage in certain transactions with affiliates, and change lines of business. The Company was in compliance with all applicable financial covenants as of ~~March 31, 2022~~.

Note 6.7. Contingencies

The Company is involved in lawsuits, claims and proceedings incident to the ordinary course of business and establishes reserves for specific legal matters when it determines that the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is probable and the loss is reasonably estimable. Management has also identified certain other legal matters where the Company believes an unfavorable outcome is not probable and, therefore, no reserve is established. Any claims against the Company, whether meritorious or not, could result in costly litigation, require significant amounts of management's time and result in the diversion of significant operational resources. The results of these lawsuits, claims and proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty. However, the Company believes that the ultimate resolution of these current matters will not have a material adverse effect on its liquidity, results of operations or financial condition.

Cybersecurity Matters

On July 22, 2020, a putative class action was filed against the Company and Zoosk in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California by individuals claiming to be Zoosk users whose information was affected by the 2020 security incident disclosed by Zoosk. The complaint, as subsequently amended, asserts that by reason of the Zoosk security incident Spark and Zoosk violated the California Consumer Privacy Act ("CCPA"), the California Unfair Competition Law ("UCL"), and common-law obligations. Based on these assertions, the complaint seeks statutory damages, compensatory damages, punitive damages, attorneys' fees, and injunctive relief. On December 14, 2020, plaintiffs voluntarily withdrew their claim under the CCPA. On January 30, 2021, the district court granted in part, and denied in part, Zoosk's motion to dismiss the remainder of the complaint for failure to state a claim by dismissing the UCL claim, but allowing the common-law claim to go forward. The court held in abeyance the Company's motion to dismiss itself on jurisdictional grounds and for failure to state a claim. The court granted plaintiffs limited jurisdictional discovery as to the Company. Zoosk answered the portion of the complaint that asserts the one remaining common-law claim by denying its material allegations and asserting a number of affirmative defenses. The court stayed the case pending resolution of the jurisdictional discovery. On May 6, 2021, plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed the Company from the case and the stay was lifted. On July 28, 2021, plaintiffs filed a second amended complaint re-alleging the UCL claim on behalf of a subclass. The court granted Zoosk’s motion to dismiss that amended claim on October 5, 2021. On October 28, 2021, plaintiffs sought leave to file a third amended complaint that re-alleges a UCL claim. Following briefing and oral argument, the court granted plaintiffs’ motion for leave to file an amended complaint as to one theory of UCL liability and ordered plaintiffs either file the third amended complaint or seek leave to file a fourth amended complaint by February 17, 2022. Plaintiffs filed a third amended complaint, then sought leave to file a fourth amended complaint to substitute one of the two named plaintiffs. On March 31 2022, the court granted Zoosk’s motion to dismiss with prejudice one named plaintiff for failure to prosecute. The court also granted Plaintiffs’ motion to substitute the dismissed plaintiff with a new plaintiff but ordered Plaintiffs to reimburse Zoosk for reasonable costs and attorney fees incurred in connection with the dismissed named plaintiff. Fact discovery concluded on April 29, 2022 except as to discovery from the new named plaintiff, and the parties are engaged in expert discovery. The parties have submitted a proposed order to the court setting the deadline for plaintiffs’ motion for class certification on May 20, 2022 and trial in late 2022. On July 27, 2022, the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California denied the plaintiff's move for class certification due to the valid class action waiver the plaintiff agreed to in Zoosk's Terms of Use (the "TOU").

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Separately, a group of lawyers that is different from those who filed the putative class action described above filed 77 separate arbitration demands against Zoosk in the Judicial Arbitration and Mediation Services, Inc. ("JAMS") arbitration forum. Zoosk has objected that neither JAMS nor any arbitrator appointed by JAMS has authority to arbitrate any of these claims or to rule on the issue of arbitrability. JAMS decided to commence arbitration proceedings in regard to one of the arbitration claims filed to date, but that claim was withdrawn in November 2021 as it was established that the claimant was not affected by the incident. On May 5, 2021, the same group of attorneys that filed the arbitration demands, described above, filed a petition to compel arbitration in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California on behalf of three other individuals claiming to be Zoosk users affected by the 2020 security incident. The attorneys then voluntarily dismissed the petition in its entirety on July 15, 2021. JAMS has initiated three further arbitration claims previously filed and intends to proceed with those arbitrations if requisite fees are paid. Zoosk has refused to pay the respondents’ share of the initiation fee for those arbitrations. On December 8, 2021, the same attorneys then filed a petition to compel arbitration in Orange County Superior Court in California on behalf of those three individuals. In response, Zoosk filed a motion to dismiss the California petition based on the forum selection clause in the Zoosk ~~Terms of Use~~TOU that selects New York as the venue for any dispute. Zoosk's motion to dismiss was granted in April 2022. Zoosk has also filed a petition to stay arbitration in New York on the basis that the claimants breached the TOU when they filed their arbitration demands and Zoosk is therefore under no obligation to arbitrate.

Intellectual Property

Trademarks are an important element in running online dating websites and mobile applications. Given the large number of markets and brands, the Company deals with claims against its trademarks from time to time in the ordinary course of business. The Company vigorously defends against each of the above legal proceedings.

The Company may encounter future legal claims in the normal course of business.

At this time, management does not believe the above matters, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations or financial condition and believes the recorded legal provisions as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022 are adequate with respect to the probable and estimable liabilities. However, no assurance can be given that these matters will be resolved in the Company's favor.

Hungarian Proceeding

On May 18, 2022, the Hungarian Competition Authority (the “GVH”) initiated a proceeding against Spark Networks Services GmbH alleging unfair commercial practices concerning the Company’s Hungarian EliteSingles (in Hungarian: Elittárs) dating service. As a result of the proceeding, the GVH could determine that certain commercial practices were not compliant with Hungarian laws and may need to be changed. In addition, the GVH could impose fines. We expect the proceeding to take 12-18 months; at this early stage, we cannot predict the outcome of the proceeding. Accordingly, we cannot predict what the GVH may determine regarding the Company’s compliance with Hungarian laws or whether the GVH might impose any fines.

At this time, management does not believe the above matters, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations or financial condition and believes the recorded legal provisions as of June 30, 2022 are adequate with respect to the probable and estimable liabilities. However, no assurance can be given that these matters will be resolved in the Company's favor.

Note 7.8. Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

The Company records long-term debt at carrying value less unamortized discount and unamortized fees as it is not required to be carried at fair value on a recurring basis. The fair value of long-term debt was determined using observable inputs (Level 2). The valuation considers the present value of expected future repayments, discounted using a market interest rate equal to the interest margin on the borrowings and variable interest rate.

The following table presents the carrying values and the estimated fair values of long-term debt as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:


		March 31, 2022				December 31, 2021					June 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value		(in thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Long-term debt, including current portion(1)	Long-term debt, including current portion(1)	$	94,282	$	100,161	$	82,124	$	96,089	Long-term debt, including current portion(1)	$	94,525	$	95,158	$	82,124	$	96,089

(1) At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the carrying value of long-term debt is net of unamortized original issue discount and debt issuance costs of ~~$5.7~~$5.5 million and $3.4 million, respectively.

The Company's financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, deposits, accounts receivable, and accounts payable are carried at cost, which approximates their fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The Company does not have financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Note 8.9. Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense reflects share awards issued under the Company's 2018 virtual stock option plan and the Long Term Incentive Plan adopted in 2020 (the "LTIP"). For the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized total stock-based compensation expense for all the plans of $0.5 million and $0.6 million, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized total stock-based compensation expense for all the plans of $1.0 million ~~respectively, which~~and $1.6 million, respectively. Total stock-based compensation expense is included as a component of Other operating expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

2020 Long Term Incentive Plan

The LTIP provides for the grant of virtual stock options, where each option represents the right to receive, upon exercise, a certain amount in cash determined based on the relevant ADS Stock Price of the option minus the strike price of such options; provided, however, that the Company may elect to settle options in ADSs or ordinary shares of the Company instead of cash. In connection with the adoption of the LTIP, the Administrative Board of the Company (the "Administrative Board") authorized ~~for 2020~~ the issuance of virtual options for up to ~~3000000 ADSs, including up~~3.5 million American Depository Shares ("ADSs"), subject to 1000000 zero-priced options. In 2021, the Administrative Board authorized the issuance of an additional 500,000 ADSs, which can be used for the issuance of both options and zero-priced options. The additional authorized ADSs were used in connection with the options granted in the first quarter of 2022.limitations imposed by German law. As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022, ~~215,833 virtual options, and 208,867 zero-priced options were available for future grant under the LTIP.~~117,080 ADSs have been issued pursuant to previous exercises.

The fair value of the virtual stock options and zero-priced options are measured using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022. The inputs used in the measurement of the fair values at the date of grant are summarized below:


		Virtual Stock Options		Zero-Priced Options			Virtual Stock Options		Zero-Priced Options
		Long Call	Short Call	Long Call	Short Call		Long Call	Short Call	Long Call	Short Call
		Option	Option (Cap)	Option	Option (Cap)		Option	Option (Cap)	Option	Option (Cap)
Stock price	Stock price	$2.70	$2.70	$2.70	$2.70	Stock price	$2.30 - $2.70	$2.30 -$2.70	$2.30 - $3.19	$2.30 - $3.19
Strike price	Strike price	$2.93	$29.30	$—	$50.00	Strike price	$2.93	$29.30	$—	$50.00
Term	Term	4.65	4.65	4.65	4.65	Term	4.65	4.65	4.65	4.65
Volatility	Volatility	65.0%	65.0%	65.0%	65.0%	Volatility	65.0%	65.0%	65.0% - 69.0%	65.0% - 69.0%
Dividend	Dividend	—%	—%	—%	—%	Dividend	—%	—%	—%	—%
Risk-free rate	Risk-free rate	2.4%	2.4%	2.4%	2.4%	Risk-free rate	2.4% - 2.9%	2.4% - 2.9%	2.4% - 3.0%	2.4% - 3.0%

The following table summarizes the activity for the Company's options under the LTIP during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31, 2022~~:June 30, 2022:

Number of Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value
(in years)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2021 1,802,228 $4.71 5.62 $0.01
Granted 530,000 2.93
Forfeited (48,061) 5.24
Outstanding as of March 31, 2022 2,284,167 4.29 5.76 0.01
Vested and exercisable at March 31, 2022 684,513 $4.81 4.95 $0.01


	Number of Options	Weighted Average Exercise Price	Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
			(in years)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2021	1,802,228	$4.71	5.62	$0.01
Granted	943,000	2.93

Forfeited	(215,611)	4.43

Outstanding as of June 30, 2022	2,529,617	4.07	5.72	0.25
Vested and exercisable at June 30, 2022	792,015	$4.84	4.77	$0.01


		Number of Options	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Number of Options	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value

Unvested as of December 31, 2021	Unvested as of December 31, 2021	1,190,967	$2.53	Unvested as of December 31, 2021	1,190,967	$2.53
Granted	Granted	530,000	1.20	Granted	943,000	1.10
Vested	Vested	(73,252)	3.03	Vested	(180,754)	2.91
Forfeited	Forfeited	(48,061)	2.56	Forfeited	(215,611)	2.26
Unvested as of March 31, 2022		1,599,654	$2.06
Unvested as of June 30, 2022				Unvested as of June 30, 2022	1,737,602	$1.75

The following table summarizes the activity for the Company's zero priced options under the LTIP during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022:


						Number of Options

Outstanding as of December 31, 2021						584,068
Granted						~~220,000~~493,000

Forfeited						~~(12,935)~~(69,106)
Outstanding as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022						~~791,133~~1,007,962
Vested and exercisable at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022						~~104,233~~149,892


		Number of Options	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Number of Options	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value

Unvested as of December 31, 2021	Unvested as of December 31, 2021	514,370	$5.29	Unvested as of December 31, 2021	514,370	$5.29
Granted	Granted	220,000	2.59	Granted	493,000	2.56
Vested	Vested	(34,535)	6.21	Vested	(80,194)	6.04
Forfeited	Forfeited	(12,935)	5.35	Forfeited	(69,106)	4.58
Unvested as of March 31, 2022		686,900	$4.38
Unvested as of June 30, 2022				Unvested as of June 30, 2022	858,070	$3.71

The total unrecognized compensation expense related to awards granted under the LTIP at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022 was $3.2 million, which will be recognized over a weighted-average period of ~~3.00~~3.11 years.

As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022 and 2021, diluted loss per share excludes ~~1,096,902~~1,250,688 and ~~806,280~~938,384 potentially dilutive common shares, respectively, related to vested option awards, as their effect was anti-dilutive.

1416

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

This section and other parts of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q ("Form 10-Q") contain forward-looking statements, within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, that involve risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements provide current expectations of future events based on certain assumptions and include any statement that does not directly relate to any historical or current fact. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as "future," "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "expects," "intends," "plans," "predicts," "will," "would," "could," "can," "may," and similar terms. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and the Company’s actual results may differ significantly from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Part I, Item 1A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 ("2021 Form 10-K") under the heading "Risk Factors." The Company assumes no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements for any reason, except as required by law. Except the context clearly indicates otherwise, the terms “the Company,” “Spark Networks,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Spark Networks SE and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Overview

We are a leader in social dating platforms for meaningful relationships focusing on the 40+ age demographic and faith-based affiliations. Since our inception, we have had ~~103~~107 million users register with our dating platforms (which includes inactive accounts). We currently operate one or more of our brands worldwide.

We ~~will~~intend to continue to expand our presence in North America through significant marketing investment in this region as we look to drive both organic growth of our existing brand portfolio and expansion through the launch of new or acquired brands. We intend to incorporate more social features in our products with content, community and social discovery functionality to allow our users to meet in more informal ways and to provide new ways to date online. ~~Our~~We believe our portfolio of strong brands along with our improved financial strength positions us to deliver a superior user experience to our customers and drive long-term value to shareholders.

Our ability to compete effectively will depend upon our ability to address the needs of our members and paying subscribers, on the timely introduction and performance of innovative features and services associated with our brands, and our ability to respond to services and features introduced by competitors. We must also achieve these objectives within the parameters of our consolidated and operating segment profitability targets. We are focused on enhancing and augmenting our portfolio of services while also continuing to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of our operations. We believe we have sufficient available cash resources on hand to accomplish the enhancements currently contemplated.

Operations Overview

We offer services both via websites and mobile applications and utilize a "subscription" business model, where certain basic functionalities are provided free of charge, while providing premium features (such as interacting with other community members via messages) only to paying subscribers. We generate revenues primarily through paid membership subscriptions. We manage our operations through one reportable segment.

Foreign Currency Exchange and Inflation Risks

In addition to operating in the United States ("U.S."), we also operate in various markets outside the U.S., primarily in various jurisdictions within the European Union ("EU"), and as a result, are exposed to foreign exchange risk for the Euro, U.S. dollar, British pound, Australian dollar and Canadian dollar. Financial statements of subsidiaries outside the U.S. are generally measured using the local currency as the functional currency. ~~The~~We translate revenue generated outside the U.S. is(the "non-U.S. revenue") into U.S. dollar-denominated operating results and during periods of a strengthening U.S. dollar, such revenue will be reduced when translated into U.S. ~~dollar at~~dollars. In addition, as foreign currency exchange rates fluctuate, the ~~date~~translation of ~~transactions~~the non-U.S. revenue into U.S. dollar-denominated operating results affects the period-over-period comparability of such results and ~~subject to unpredictable fluctuations if the value of other currencies change relative to the U.S. dollar. Fluctuating foreign exchange rates~~can result in foreign currency exchange gains or losses. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, 32.6% of our total revenue was non-U.S. revenue. The average U.S. dollar versus Euro exchange rate was 13.3% and ~~losses. We~~10.3% higher, respectively, during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the same periods prior year. The strengthening in U.S. dollar against other major currencies has partially resulted in the decreases in our total revenue for the current periods. Historically, we have not ~~and do not intend to hedge~~hedged any foreign currency exposures. If U.S. dollar continue strengthening against Euro and other foreign currency our revenue earned in, our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations and as a result such fluctuations could adversely affect our future results of operations.

~~We believe that any effect of inflation at current levels will be minimal.~~Inflation has increased during the periods covered by this Quarterly Report, and is expected to continue to increase for the near future. Inflationary factors, such as increases in customer acquisition costs, interest rates and overhead costs may adversely affect our operating results. Historically, we have been able to increase prices at a rate equal to or greater than that of inflation and we do not believe that inflation has had a material impact on our financial position or results of operations to date, we ~~will~~may experience some effect in the future, especially if inflation rates continue to be able to do so for the foreseeable future. In addition, we have been able to maintain a relatively stable variable cost structure for our products due, in part, to a continued optimization of marketing spend.rise.

COVID-19 Update

Management continues to actively monitor the novel coronavirus ("COVID-19") developments and potential impact on our employees, business and operations. The effects of COVID-19 did not have a material impact on our result of operations or financial condition for the period ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022. However, given the evolution of the COVID-19 situation, and the

global responses to curb its spread, we are not able to estimate the effects COVID-19 may have on our future results of operations or financial condition.

Key Business Metrics

We regularly review certain operating metrics in order to evaluate the effectiveness of our operating strategies and monitor the financial performance of the business. The key business metrics that we utilize include the following:

Total Registrations

Total registrations are defined as the total number of new members registering to our platforms with their email address. Those include members who enter into premium subscriptions and free memberships.

Average Paying Subscribers

Paying subscribers are defined as individuals who have paid a monthly fee for access to premium services, which include, among others, unlimited communication with other registered users, access to user profile pictures and enhanced search functionality. Average paying subscribers for each month are calculated as the sum of the paying subscribers at the beginning and the end of the month, divided by two. Average paying subscribers for periods longer than one month are calculated as the sum of the average paying subscribers for each month, divided by the number of months in such period.

Monthly Average Revenue Per User ("ARPU")

Monthly ARPU represents the total net subscriber revenue for the period divided by the number of average paying subscribers for the period, divided by the number of months in the period.

Contribution

Contribution is defined as revenue, net of refunds and credit card chargebacks, less direct marketing.

Direct Marketing

Direct Marketing is defined as online and offline advertising spend and is included within Cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization within our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

Unaudited selected statistical information regarding the key business metrics described above is shown in the table below:

Three Months Ended March 31,
2022 2021
Registrations 3,415,750 3,607,702
Average Paying Subscribers 838,961 896,344
Total Monthly ARPU $ 20.81 $ 20.97
Net Revenue $ 52,374 $ 56,379
Direct Marketing 27,696 30,403
Contribution $ 24,678 $ 25,976


	Three Months Ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		Change		% Change		2022		2021		Change		% Change
Registrations	3,604,992		3,186,853		418,139		13.1	%	7,020,742		6,794,555		226,187		3.3	%
Average Paying Subscribers	829,610		878,618		(49,008)		(5.6)	%	834,285		887,481		(53,196)		(6.0)	%
Total Monthly ARPU	$	19.30	$	20.96	$	(1.66)	(7.9)	%	$	19.57	$	20.96	$	(1.39)	(6.6)	%

	Three Months Ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		Change		% Change		2022		2021		Change		% Change
Net Revenue	$	48,035	$	55,253	$	(7,218)	(13.1)	%	$	97,942	$	111,632	$	(13,690)	(12.3)	%
Direct Marketing	29,995		26,426		3,569		13.5	%	57,691		56,829		862		1.5	%
Contribution	$	18,040	$	28,827	$	(10,787)	(37.4)	%	$	40,251	$	54,803	$	(14,552)	(26.6)	%

During the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022, new members registered to our platforms ~~decreased~~increased by 0.4 million, or 13.1%, and 0.2 million, or ~~5.3%~~3.3%, respectively, compared to the same ~~period~~periods in 2021. ~~Average~~The increases were primarily driven by an increase in Zoosk registrations, as we began to scale our marketing spend in the second quarter of 2022.

While the new member registration increased, average paying subscribers during the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022 decreased by less than 0.1 million, or ~~6.4%~~5.6%, and 0.1 million, or 6.0%, respectively, compared to the same ~~period~~periods in ~~2021. The decreases were primarily driven by a reduction in~~2021, as it took us longer than expected to scale our marketing ~~spend.~~spend during the second quarter of 2022.

Monthly ARPU for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022 decreased by ~~0.8%~~7.9% and 6.6%, respectively, compared to the same ~~period~~periods in 2021. The decline in ARPU was a result of currency fluctuations and our emphasis on longer duration subscriptions through price incentives.

Results of Operations

The following table shows our results of operations for the periods presented. The period-over-period comparison of our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected in the future.


		Three Months Ended March 31,									Three Months Ended June 30,
		2022		2021		$ Change		% Change
(in thousands)										(in thousands)	2022		2021		$ Change		% Change
Revenue	Revenue	$	52,374	$	56,379	$	(4,005)	(7.1)	%	Revenue	$	48,035	$	55,253	$	(7,218)	(13.1)	%
Operating costs and expenses:	Operating costs and expenses:									Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization	Cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization	34,246		36,918		(2,672)		(7.2)	%	Cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization	36,356		32,881		3,475		10.6	%
Other operating expenses	Other operating expenses	15,435		16,151		(716)		(4.4)	%	Other operating expenses	14,520		14,924		(404)		(2.7)	%
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization	603		2,290		(1,687)		(73.7)	%	Depreciation and amortization	577		2,298		(1,721)		(74.9)	%

Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets										Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets	—		32,086		(32,086)		(100.0)	%
Total operating costs and expenses	Total operating costs and expenses	50,284		55,359		(5,075)		(9.2)	%	Total operating costs and expenses	51,453		82,189		(30,736)		(37.4)	%
Operating income		2,090		1,020		1,070		104.9	%
Operating loss										Operating loss	(3,418)		(26,936)		23,518		(87.3)	%
Other income (expense):	Other income (expense):									Other income (expense):

Interest expense	Interest expense	(6,882)		(3,440)		(3,442)		100.1	%	Interest expense	(2,706)		(3,802)		1,096		(28.8)	%
Loss on foreign currency transactions		(767)		(1,728)		961		(55.6)	%
Other income (expense)		263		(16)		279		(1743.8)	%
(Loss) gain on foreign currency transactions										(Loss) gain on foreign currency transactions	(2,441)		584		(3,025)		(518.0)	%
Other expense										Other expense	(3)		(2)		(1)		50.0	%
Total other expense, net	Total other expense, net	(7,386)		(5,184)		(2,202)		42.5	%	Total other expense, net	(5,150)		(3,220)		(1,930)		59.9	%
Loss before income taxes	Loss before income taxes	(5,296)		(4,164)		(1,132)		27.2	%	Loss before income taxes	(8,568)		(30,156)		21,588		(71.6)	%
Income tax expense	Income tax expense	(53)		(2,340)		2,287		(97.7)	%	Income tax expense	(193)		(18,871)		18,678		(99.0)	%
Net loss	Net loss	$	(5,349)	$	(6,504)	$	1,155	(17.8)	%	Net loss	$	(8,761)	$	(49,027)	$	40,266	(82.1)	%



	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		$ Change		% Change
Revenue	$	97,942	$	111,632	$	(13,690)	(12.3)	%
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization	70,602		69,799		803		1.2	%
Other operating expenses	29,955		31,075		(1,120)		(3.6)	%
Depreciation and amortization	1,180		4,588		(3,408)		(74.3)	%
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets	—		32,086		(32,086)		(100.0)	%
Total operating costs and expenses	101,737		137,548		(35,811)		(26.0)	%
Operating loss	(3,795)		(25,916)		22,121		(85.4)	%
Other income (expense):

Interest expense	(9,588)		(7,242)		(2,346)		32.4	%
Loss on foreign currency transactions	(3,208)		(1,144)		(2,064)		180.4	%
Other income (expense)	260		(18)		278		(1544.4)	%
Total other expense, net	(12,536)		(8,404)		(4,132)		49.2	%
Loss before income taxes	(16,331)		(34,320)		17,989		(52.4)	%
Income tax benefit (expense)	99		(21,211)		21,310		(100.5)	%
Net loss	$	(16,232)	$	(55,531)	$	39,299	(70.8)	%

Comparison of Three and Six Months Ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022 and ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2021

Revenue

Revenue during the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022 decreased by ~~$4.0~~$7.2 million, or ~~7.1%~~13.1%, and $13.7 million, or 12.3%, respectively, compared to the same ~~period~~periods in 2021. ~~The decrease~~For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the decline in revenue was attributable to the ~~6.4%~~ decrease in the number of average paying subscribers ~~driven by a reduction in marketing spend.~~of 5.6% and 6.0%, respectively, as well as the fluctuations of foreign exchange rate as the U.S. dollar strengthened against all major currencies. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, 32.6% of total revenue was generated outside the United States.

Cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization

Cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization consists primarily of direct marketing expenses, data center expenses, credit card fees and mobile application processing fees. Cost of revenue during the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022 ~~decreased~~increased by ~~$2.7~~$3.5 million, or ~~7.2%~~10.6%, and $0.8 million, or 1.2%, respectively, compared to the same ~~period~~periods in ~~2021.~~2021, The ~~decrease was~~increases were primarily due to ~~a reduction in~~the increased marketing ~~spend and a decrease in commission expense for mobile application due to the decline in revenue.~~spend.

Other operating expenses

Other operating expenses consists primarily of costs for sales and marketing, customer service, technical operations and development, and corporate functions. These costs include personnel, technology platform and system costs, third-party service and professional fees, occupancy and other overhead costs. Other operating expenses during the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022 decreased by ~~$0.7~~$0.4 million, or ~~4.4%~~2.7%, and 1.1 million, or 3.6%, respectively, compared to the same ~~period~~periods in 2021. The ~~decrease was~~decreases were primarily driven by ~~higher~~increased capitalization of personnel and freelancer costs related to new product initiatives, as well as decreases in technical operations and development consulting costs, stock-based compensation expense, and accounting and audit fees due to higher fees in connection with the U.S. GAAP conversion in the first quarter of ~~2021,~~2021. The decreases in other operating expenses were partially offset by an increase in sales and ~~decreases in~~marketing expenses due to higher personnel costs driven by ~~lower stock-based compensation,~~increased headcount, and ~~recruiting fees.~~higher consulting costs.

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 decreased by $1.7 million, or 74.9%, and $3.4 million, or 74.3%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2021. The decreases were primarily driven by the decrease in amortization of our customer relationships asset which was fully amortized in 2021.

Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets

During the three months ended June 30 2021, the Company recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $21.8 million for the Zoosk reporting unit and recognized a Zoosk trademark impairment charge of $10.3 million. No impairment was recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022.

Other income (expense)

Other expense, net, consist primarily of interest income and expenses, foreign exchange gains and losses, and other related finance costs. Other expenses, net, during the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022 increased by ~~$2.2~~$1.9 million, or ~~42.5%~~59.9%, compared to the same period in 2021. The increase was primarily driven by a foreign currency transaction loss in the current period, partially offset by a decrease in interest expense due to a lower effective interest rate as a result of our debt refinancing in the first quarter of 2022.

Other expenses, net, during the six months ended June 30, 2022 increased by $4.1 million, or 49.2%, compared to the same periods in 2021. The increase was primarily driven by increases in interest expense and loss on foreign currency transactions. The increase in interest expense was primarily related to the $4.0 million loss ~~recognized~~ on extinguishment of

debt in connection with the ~~Amended~~Blue Torch Term Loan Facility and Blue Torch Revolving Credit Facility ~~as discussed in~~ during the quarter ended March 31, 2022. See Note 5.6. Long-term Debt~~. The increase was partially offset by a~~ ~~$1.0 million~~ ~~decrease in losses on foreign currency transactions compared to~~ for further discussion of the ~~same period in 2021.~~debt extinguishment.

Income tax expense

Income tax expense was ~~$0.1~~$0.2 million for the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022 compared to ~~$2.3~~$18.9 million for the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2021, which reflects an effective tax rate of ~~(1.0)~~(2.3)% and ~~112.5%~~(62.7)%, respectively. Income tax benefit was $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to income tax expense of $21.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, which reflects an effective tax rate of 0.6% and (61.9)%, respectively. The ~~decrease~~changes in income tax ~~expense was~~provision were primarily driven by the Company benefiting from year to date losses in the U.S. ~~jurisdiction.~~jurisdiction and the June 2021 establishment of a valuation allowance against US deferred tax assets.

See Note 3. Income Taxesin the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of this ~~quarterly report~~Form 10-Q for further discussion of income taxes.

Non-U.S. GAAP Financial Measures

We report our financial results in accordance with U.S. GAAP. However, management believes that certain non-U.S. GAAP financial measures provide users of our financial information with additional useful information in evaluating our performance.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("Adjusted EBITDA"), a non-U.S. GAAP financial measure, is one of the primary metrics by which we evaluate the performance of our business, budget, forecast and compensate management. We believe this measure provides management and investors with a consistent view, period to period, of the core earnings generated from the ongoing operations and allows for greater transparency with respect to key metrics used by senior leadership in its financial and operational decision-making. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net earnings (loss) excluding interest expense, (gain) loss on foreign currency transactions, income tax (benefit) expense, depreciation and amortization, asset impairments, stock-based compensation expense, acquisition related costs and other costs. Adjusted EBITDA has inherent limitations in evaluating the performance of the Company, including, but not limited to the following:

•Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the cash capital expenditures during the measurement period;

•Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect any changes in working capital requirements during the measurement period;

•Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the cash tax payments during the measurement period; and

•Adjusted EBITDA may be calculated differently by other companies in our industry, thus limiting its value as a comparative measure.

Because of these limitations, you should consider Adjusted EBITDA alongside other financial performance measures, including net income (loss) and our other U.S. GAAP results. The following table reconciles Net loss to Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented:


		Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	2022		2021			(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net loss	Net loss	$	(5,349)	$	(6,504)		Net loss	$	(8,761)	$	(49,027)	$	(16,232)	$	(55,531)
Interest expense	Interest expense	6,882		3,440			Interest expense	2,706		3,802		9,588		7,242
Loss on foreign currency transactions		767		1,728
Income tax expense		53		2,340
Loss (gain) on foreign currency transactions							Loss (gain) on foreign currency transactions	2,441		(584)		3,208		1,144
Income tax expense (benefit)							Income tax expense (benefit)	193		18,871		(99)		21,211
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization	603		2,290			Depreciation and amortization	577		2,298		1,180		4,588

Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets							Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets	—		32,086		—		32,086
Stock-based compensation expense	Stock-based compensation expense	502		1,036			Stock-based compensation expense	490		580		992		1,616

Other costs(1)	Other costs(1)	22		795			Other costs(1)	614		615		636		1,410
Adjusted EBITDA	Adjusted EBITDA	$	3,480	$	5,125		Adjusted EBITDA	$	(1,740)	$	8,641	$	(727)	$	13,766

(1) Includes primarily consulting and advisory fees related to special projects, as well as non-cash acquisition related expenses, post-merger integration activities and long-term debt transaction and advisory fees.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company's principal sources of liquidity are cash balances and cash flows from operations and borrowings. Our ongoing liquidity requirements arise primarily from working capital needs, research and development requirements and the debt service. In addition, we may use liquidity to fund acquisitions or make other investments. As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of ~~$13.0~~$11.4 million.

On March 11, 2022, the Company completed the successful refinancing of its existing term and revolving facility with borrowings under ~~a new term loan facility~~the Financing Agreement with MGG Investment Group LP, ~~(the "Term Loan").~~which provides more covenant flexibility and allows more resources to be invested into the business to drive growth. The Financing Agreement was amended on August 5, 2022 to, among other things, revise certain financial covenants related to quarterly testing of the Company's leverage ratio. As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had outstanding principal debt balance of $100.0 million and $85.6 million, respectively. See Note 5.6. Long-term Debt in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of this ~~quarterly report~~Form 10-Q for further discussion of our debt.

We believe that our current cash and cash flow from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for financial liabilities, capital expenditures and contractual obligations, for at least the next 12 months. Our future capital requirements and the adequacy of available funds will depend on many factors and those set forth in Part II, Item 1A "Risk Factors" of our 2021 Form ~~10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.~~10-K. We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022.

Cash Flows Information

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented:


		Three Months Ended March 31,					Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	2022		2021		(in thousands)	2022		2021		$ Change
Net cash provided by (used in):	Net cash provided by (used in):					Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	Operating activities	$	(10,475)	$	(387)	Operating activities	$	(10,695)	$	4,629	$	(15,324)
Investing activities	Investing activities	(490)		(423)		Investing activities	(1,268)		(661)		(607)
Financing activities	Financing activities	7,774		(3,686)		Financing activities	7,774		(13,610)		21,384
Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	(3,191)	$	(4,496)	Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	(4,189)	$	(9,642)	$	5,453

Operating Activities

Our cash flows from operating activities primarily include net loss adjusted for (i) non-cash items included in net loss, such as unrealized loss on foreign currency transactions, amortization of debt issuance costs and accretion of debt discounts, depreciation and amortization, impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, and stock-based compensation and (ii) changes in the balances of operating assets and liabilities.

Net cash used in operating activities was ~~$10.5~~$10.7 million for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022, an increase of ~~$10.1~~$15.3 million compared to ~~$0.4~~$4.6 million net cash provided by operating activities during the same period in 2021. The increase was primarily driven by a decrease in ~~accounts payable due~~cash collected from our customers, higher cash payments of income taxes, and an increase in payments to ~~the~~our vendors as a result of timing of payments.

Investing Activities

Our cash flows from investing activities primarily include development of internal-use software, and purchase of property and equipment.

Net cash used in investing activities was ~~$0.5~~$1.3 million for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022, an increase of ~~$0.1~~$0.6 million compared to ~~$0.4~~$0.7 million during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31~~June 30, 2021. The increase was primarily due to the additional capital expenditures on personnel and freelancers working on software development projects of ~~$0.1~~$0.6 million during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022.

Financing Activities

Our cash flows from financing activities primarily include changes in long-term debt.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $7.8 million for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022, an increase of ~~$11.5~~$21.4 million compared to net cash used in financing activities of ~~$3.7~~$13.6 million during the same period in 2021. ~~The increase was primarily attributable to~~Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2022 included $97.8 million of ~~proceeds,~~ net ~~of discount and issuance costs, received~~cash proceeds from the Term Loan, partially offset by the $85.6 million repayment of debt and the $0.9 million prepayment penalty under the existing Blue Torch Term Loan Facility, ~~and the Second Amendment,~~as well as $3.5 million of transaction

costs ~~of $3.5 million~~ paid to third parties in connection with the Term ~~Loan,~~ Loan.~~and a $0.9 million prepayment penalty in connection with the~~ ~~existing Term Loan Facility and the Second Amendment, as discussed in~~ See Note 5.6. Long-term Debt.for detail information. Net cash used in financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2021 included $13.1 million principal payments made on theBlue Torch Term Loan Facility and a $0.5 million fee paid in connection with the execution of the Limited Waiver under Loan Agreement in March 2021.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I. Item 1. of this ~~quarterly report~~Form 10-Q for a discussion of recently issued and adopted accounting standards.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Please refer to Part II. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation, the “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” section of our ~~Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 ("~~2021 Form ~~10-K")~~10-K for a full description of all of our critical accounting estimates. We believe there have been no new critical accounting policies and estimates, or material changes to our existing critical accounting policies and estimates during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not applicable.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, with the participation of its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures as of ~~December 31, 2021.~~June 30, 2022. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the rules and forms promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our management concluded that, as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022, due to the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting previously identified in our 2021 Form 10-K which continues to exist, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective.

Remediation Plan for Material Weakness in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

In connection with the audit of our consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Please refer to Part II. Item 9A. "Controls and Procedures" of our 2021 Form 10-K for a full description of the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting and remediation plan.

Our remediation of the identified material weaknesses and the strengthening of our internal control environment is ongoing. We continue to focus on the design and implementation of processes and procedures to improve our new and existing controls and remediate our material weaknesses. We are committed to maintaining a strong control environment and believe that these remediation efforts represent continued improvements in our control environment. As we continue to evaluate and take actions to improve our internal control over financial reporting, we may determine it is necessary to take additional action to address control deficiencies or modify certain of the remediation measures. The material weaknesses will not be considered remediated, however, until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these enhanced internal controls are operating effectively. We will continue to monitor and evaluate the

effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting in the areas affected by the material weaknesses. Our management is committed to remediating the material weakness in a timely manner.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There has been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II

Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

For information that updates the disclosure set forth under Part I. Item 3. Legal Proceedings in our 2021 Form 10-K, refer to Note 6. 7. Contingencies to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Please refer to Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors of our 2021 Form 10-K for a discussion of our risk factors. The risks and uncertainties are not limited to those set forth in the 2021 Form 10-K. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or that we currently believe are not material, may also become important factors that affect us. We believe there have been no new risk factors, or material changes to our existing risk factors, during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022.

Item 2. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

On May 9, 2022, the Company and David Clark amended Mr. Clark’s Employment Agreement with the Company dated as of August 10, 2021, to provide that the amount of severance paid under the agreement shall no longer be subject to offset for any other remuneration paid to Mr. Clark during the severance period. A copy of the amendment ~~is attached hereto~~was filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 10, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Incorporated by Reference

Filed/Furnished

Herewith

Incorporated by Reference

Filed/Furnished

Herewith

Exhibit

Number

Exhibit

Number

Description

Form

File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

Exhibit No.

Exhibit

Number

Description

Form

File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

Exhibit No.

10.1

Financing Agreement, dated as of March 11, 2022, between the Company, Zoosk, Inc., Spark Networks, Inc. and MGG Investment Group LP.

8-K

001-38252

March 14, 2022

10.1

First Amendment to Employment Agreement with David Clark, dated May 9, 2022.

10-Q

001-38252

May 10, 2022

10.2

First Amendment to Employment Agreement with David Clark, dated May 9, 2022 .

10.2

Amendment No.1 to Financing Agreement, dated as of August 5, 2022, between Spark Networks SE, Zoosk, Inc., Spark Networks, Inc. and MGG Investment Group LP.

8-K

001-38252

August 9, 2022

10.1

31.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.1

31.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2

32.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**

32.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**

32.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**

32.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**

101.1

The following financial statements from the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (“XBRL”):

•unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets;

•unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss;

•unaudited condensed consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity;

•unaudited condensed consolidated statement of cash flows; and

•notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

101.1

The following financial statements from the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (“XBRL”):

•unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets;

•unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss;

•unaudited condensed consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity;

•unaudited condensed consolidated statement of cash flows; and

•notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File – the cover page

from this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the

quarter ended March 31, 2022, is formatted in

Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.1

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File – the cover page

from this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the

quarter ended June 30, 2022, is formatted in

Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.1


**			The certifications furnished in Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 hereto are deemed to accompany this Form 10-Q and are not deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall they be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

2326

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


	Spark Networks SE

Date: ~~May 10,~~August 9, 2022	By:	/s/ Eric Eichmann
		Eric Eichmann
		Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: ~~May 10,~~August 9, 2022	By:	/s/ David Clark
		David Clark
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

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