UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
Quarterly Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 20222023
OR
Transition Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from __________ to __________.
Commission File Number: 001-38002
laureatea09.jpg
Laureate Education, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware52-1492296
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
78 SW 7th Street,PMB 1158, 1000 Brickell Avenue, Suite 900715,Miami,Florida3313033131
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (786) 209-3368
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.004 per shareLAURThe NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
Nasdaq Global Select Market
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.                                 Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).                                                                                               Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer x              Accelerated filer              Non-accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company          Emerging Growth Company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No x
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
ClassOutstanding at June 30, 20222023
Common stock, par value $0.004 per share164,663,328157,220,400 shares







INDEX
PART I. - FINANCIAL INFORMATIONPage No.
Item 1.Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Consolidated Statements of Operations - Three months ended June 30, 20222023 and June 30, 20212022
Consolidated Statements of Operations - Six months ended June 30, 20222023 and June 30, 20212022
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - Three months ended June 30, 20222023 and
June 30, 20212022
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - Six months ended June 30, 20222023 and June 30, 20212022
Consolidated Balance Sheets - June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 20212022
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Six months ended June 30, 20222023 and June 30, 20212022
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Item 2.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 4.Controls and Procedures
PART II. - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.Legal Proceedings
Item 1A.Risk Factors
Item 2.5.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of ProceedsOther Information
Item 6.Exhibits
SIGNATURES

1


PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)

LAUREATE EDUCATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Operations
IN THOUSANDS, except per share amounts
For the three months ended June 30,20222021
(Unaudited)(Unaudited)
Revenues$385,381 $327,579 
Costs and expenses:
Direct costs242,814 213,315 
General and administrative expenses15,926 49,361 
Loss on impairment of assets— 7,219 
Operating income126,641 57,684 
Interest income1,685 477 
Interest expense(4,164)(13,541)
Loss on debt extinguishment— (77,927)
Loss on derivatives— (53,847)
Other income (expense), net246 (55)
Foreign currency exchange loss, net(14,451)(15,519)
Gain on disposal of subsidiaries, net1,461 27 
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net loss of affiliates111,418 (102,701)
Income tax expense(71,966)(13,184)
Equity in net loss of affiliates, net of tax(38)— 
Income (loss) from continuing operations39,414 (115,885)
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax benefit of $0 and $1,063, respectively4,145 86,661 
Net income (loss)43,559 (29,224)
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests(136)224 
Net income (loss) attributable to Laureate Education, Inc.$43,423 $(29,000)
Basic earnings (loss) per share:
Income (loss) from continuing operations$0.24 $(0.60)
Income from discontinued operations0.02 0.45 
Basic earnings (loss) per share$0.26 $(0.15)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Income (loss) from continuing operations$0.23 $(0.60)
Income from discontinued operations0.02 0.45 
Diluted earnings (loss) per share$0.25 $(0.15)
For the three months ended June 30,20232022
(Unaudited)(Unaudited)
Revenues$462,067 $385,381 
Costs and expenses:
Direct costs293,998 242,814 
General and administrative expenses11,960 15,926 
Loss on impairment of assets1,620 — 
Operating income154,489 126,641 
Interest income1,951 1,685 
Interest expense(6,137)(4,164)
Other (expense) income, net(129)246 
Foreign currency exchange loss, net(32,357)(14,451)
Gain on disposal of subsidiaries, net1,461 
Income from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net loss of affiliates117,818 111,418 
Income tax expense(57,468)(71,966)
Equity in net loss of affiliates, net of tax— (38)
Income from continuing operations60,350 39,414 
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax of $0 for both periods(4,037)4,145 
Net income56,313 43,559 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests(136)(136)
Net income attributable to Laureate Education, Inc.$56,177 $43,423 
Basic earnings (loss) per share:
Income from continuing operations$0.38 $0.24 
(Loss) income from discontinued operations(0.03)0.02 
Basic earnings per share$0.35 $0.26 
Diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Income from continuing operations$0.38 $0.23 
(Loss) income from discontinued operations(0.03)0.02 
Diluted earnings per share$0.35 $0.25 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.















2



LAUREATE EDUCATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Operations
IN THOUSANDS, except per share amounts
For the six months ended June 30,For the six months ended June 30,20222021For the six months ended June 30,20232022
(Unaudited)(Unaudited)(Unaudited)(Unaudited)
RevenuesRevenues$594,944 $522,280 Revenues$713,322 $594,944 
Costs and expenses:Costs and expenses:Costs and expenses:
Direct costsDirect costs425,694 395,163 Direct costs519,310 425,694 
General and administrative expensesGeneral and administrative expenses33,431 91,955 General and administrative expenses22,274 33,431 
Loss on impairment of assetsLoss on impairment of assets144 63,869 Loss on impairment of assets1,620 144 
Operating income (loss)135,675 (28,707)
Operating incomeOperating income170,118 135,675 
Interest incomeInterest income3,653 1,188 Interest income4,109 3,653 
Interest expenseInterest expense(7,895)(37,059)Interest expense(12,089)(7,895)
Loss on debt extinguishment— (77,940)
Loss on derivatives— (24,517)
Other expense, net(980)(21)
Foreign currency exchange (loss) gain, net(18,052)12,664 
Other income (expense), netOther income (expense), net132 (980)
Foreign currency exchange loss, netForeign currency exchange loss, net(61,309)(18,052)
Gain on disposal of subsidiaries, netGain on disposal of subsidiaries, net1,461 27 Gain on disposal of subsidiaries, net307 1,461 
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net income of affiliates113,862 (154,365)
Income from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net (loss) income of affiliatesIncome from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net (loss) income of affiliates101,268 113,862 
Income tax expenseIncome tax expense(119,933)(126,045)Income tax expense(67,663)(119,933)
Equity in net income of affiliates, net of tax70 — 
Loss from continuing operations(6,001)(280,410)
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax expense of $0 and $8,602, respectively4,880 86,243 
Net loss(1,121)(194,167)
Equity in net (loss) income of affiliates, net of taxEquity in net (loss) income of affiliates, net of tax(3)70 
Income (loss) from continuing operationsIncome (loss) from continuing operations33,602 (6,001)
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax of $0 for both periods(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax of $0 for both periods(4,051)4,880 
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)29,551 (1,121)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interestsNet loss attributable to noncontrolling interests333 239 Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests19 333 
Net loss attributable to Laureate Education, Inc.$(788)$(193,928)
Net income (loss) attributable to Laureate Education, Inc.Net income (loss) attributable to Laureate Education, Inc.$29,570 $(788)
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Loss from continuing operations$(0.03)$(1.43)
Income from discontinued operations0.03 0.44 
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share$— $(0.99)
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Income (loss) from continuing operations$0.21 $(0.03)
(Loss) income from discontinued operations(0.03)0.03 
Basic and diluted earnings per share$0.18 $— 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

3



LAUREATE EDUCATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
IN THOUSANDS
For the three months ended June 30,For the three months ended June 30,20222021For the three months ended June 30,20232022
(Unaudited)(Unaudited)(Unaudited)(Unaudited)
Net income (loss)$43,559 $(29,224)
Net incomeNet income$56,313 $43,559 
Other comprehensive income:Other comprehensive income:Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax of $0 for both periodsForeign currency translation adjustment, net of tax of $0 for both periods17,972 510,443 Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax of $0 for both periods91,915 17,972 
Minimum pension liability adjustment, net of tax of $0 for both periods— 27 
Total other comprehensive incomeTotal other comprehensive income17,972 510,470 Total other comprehensive income91,915 17,972 
Comprehensive incomeComprehensive income61,531 481,246 Comprehensive income148,228 61,531 
Net comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests(139)226 
Net comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interestsNet comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests(44)(139)
Comprehensive income attributable to Laureate Education, Inc.Comprehensive income attributable to Laureate Education, Inc.$61,392 $481,472 Comprehensive income attributable to Laureate Education, Inc.$148,184 $61,392 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

4



LAUREATE EDUCATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
IN THOUSANDS
For the six months ended June 30,For the six months ended June 30,20222021For the six months ended June 30,20232022
(Unaudited)(Unaudited)(Unaudited)(Unaudited)
Net loss$(1,121)$(194,167)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)$29,551 $(1,121)
Other comprehensive income:Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax of $0 for both periodsForeign currency translation adjustment, net of tax of $0 for both periods67,547 450,682 Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax of $0 for both periods164,712 67,547 
Minimum pension liability adjustment, net of tax of $0 for both periodsMinimum pension liability adjustment, net of tax of $0 for both periods14 (141)Minimum pension liability adjustment, net of tax of $0 for both periods— 14 
Total other comprehensive incomeTotal other comprehensive income67,561 450,541 Total other comprehensive income164,712 67,561 
Comprehensive incomeComprehensive income66,440 256,374 Comprehensive income194,263 66,440 
Net comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interestsNet comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests328 259 Net comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests105 328 
Comprehensive income attributable to Laureate Education, Inc.Comprehensive income attributable to Laureate Education, Inc.$66,768 $256,633 Comprehensive income attributable to Laureate Education, Inc.$194,368 $66,768 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

5



LAUREATE EDUCATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
IN THOUSANDS, except per share amounts
June 30,
2022
December 31,
2021
June 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
AssetsAssets(Unaudited)Assets(Unaudited)
Current assets:Current assets:Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$156,909 $324,801 Cash and cash equivalents$111,650 $85,167 
Restricted cashRestricted cash20,192 20,774 Restricted cash8,853 8,617 
Receivables:Receivables:Receivables:
Accounts and notes receivableAccounts and notes receivable152,037 117,987 Accounts and notes receivable186,729 133,105 
Other receivablesOther receivables78,405 96,229 Other receivables12,383 9,486 
Allowance for doubtful accountsAllowance for doubtful accounts(57,564)(62,226)Allowance for doubtful accounts(71,174)(61,882)
Receivables, netReceivables, net172,878 151,990 Receivables, net127,938 80,709 
Income tax receivableIncome tax receivable26,519 30,474 Income tax receivable13,731 32,261 
Prepaid expenses and other current assetsPrepaid expenses and other current assets24,025 16,280 Prepaid expenses and other current assets30,343 19,445 
Current assets held for saleCurrent assets held for sale1,066 — 
Total current assetsTotal current assets400,523 544,319 Total current assets293,581 226,199 
Property and equipment:Property and equipment:Property and equipment:
LandLand126,789 121,173 Land136,760 127,154 
BuildingsBuildings345,558 328,343 Buildings383,094 348,931 
Furniture, equipment and softwareFurniture, equipment and software478,110 459,189 Furniture, equipment and software557,574 494,004 
Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements114,245 106,813 Leasehold improvements133,537 117,820 
Construction in-progressConstruction in-progress7,503 9,622 Construction in-progress12,428 11,871 
Accumulated depreciation and amortizationAccumulated depreciation and amortization(566,150)(525,623)Accumulated depreciation and amortization(660,932)(576,373)
Property and equipment, netProperty and equipment, net506,055 499,517 Property and equipment, net562,461 523,407 
Operating lease right-of-use assets, netOperating lease right-of-use assets, net382,248 384,344 Operating lease right-of-use assets, net373,999 389,565 
GoodwillGoodwill570,614 546,795 Goodwill658,723 583,493 
Tradenames149,064 142,848 
Tradenames, netTradenames, net168,903 151,645 
Deferred costs, netDeferred costs, net5,588 5,981 Deferred costs, net5,065 5,310 
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes46,630 38,713 Deferred income taxes57,739 51,941 
Other assetsOther assets41,227 42,629 Other assets40,399 40,677 
Long-term assets held for saleLong-term assets held for sale— 6,164 Long-term assets held for sale10,021 — 
Total assetsTotal assets$2,101,949 $2,211,310 Total assets$2,170,891 $1,972,237 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


6



LAUREATE EDUCATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets (continued)
IN THOUSANDS, except per share amounts
June 30,
2022
December 31,
2021
June 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
Liabilities and stockholders' equityLiabilities and stockholders' equity(Unaudited)Liabilities and stockholders' equity(Unaudited)
Current liabilities:Current liabilities:Current liabilities:
Accounts payableAccounts payable$34,456 $26,870 Accounts payable$36,955 $42,842 
Accrued expensesAccrued expenses57,141 65,558 Accrued expenses72,711 50,563 
Accrued compensation and benefitsAccrued compensation and benefits71,405 90,454 Accrued compensation and benefits84,474 85,215 
Deferred revenue and student depositsDeferred revenue and student deposits50,468 43,959 Deferred revenue and student deposits57,526 51,264 
Current portion of operating leasesCurrent portion of operating leases39,513 38,149 Current portion of operating leases52,293 38,994 
Current portion of long-term debt and finance leasesCurrent portion of long-term debt and finance leases46,096 49,082 Current portion of long-term debt and finance leases62,702 56,184 
Income taxes payableIncome taxes payable49,387 38,705 Income taxes payable19,930 38,738 
Other current liabilitiesOther current liabilities21,450 18,097 Other current liabilities25,433 17,587 
Current liabilities held for saleCurrent liabilities held for sale— 1,054 Current liabilities held for sale1,388 — 
Total current liabilitiesTotal current liabilities369,916 371,928 Total current liabilities413,412 381,387 
Long-term operating leases, less current portionLong-term operating leases, less current portion367,744 377,104 Long-term operating leases, less current portion358,740 376,898 
Long-term debt and finance leases, less current portionLong-term debt and finance leases, less current portion89,872 104,588 Long-term debt and finance leases, less current portion146,112 175,929 
Deferred compensationDeferred compensation12,046 11,896 Deferred compensation10,670 10,379 
Income taxes payableIncome taxes payable125,381 96,463 Income taxes payable133,456 131,301 
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes92,458 73,624 Deferred income taxes92,607 89,765 
Other long-term liabilitiesOther long-term liabilities27,907 24,640 Other long-term liabilities32,943 30,823 
Long-term liabilities held for saleLong-term liabilities held for sale— 9,795 Long-term liabilities held for sale10,349 — 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities1,085,324 1,070,038 Total liabilities1,198,289 1,196,482 
Redeemable equityRedeemable equity1,398 1,714 Redeemable equity1,398 1,398 
Stockholders' equity:Stockholders' equity:Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share – 50,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021— — 
Common stock, par value $0.004 per share – 700,000 shares authorized, 230,381 shares issued and 164,663 shares outstanding as of June 30, 2022 and 228,831 shares issued and 180,611 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2021922 915 
Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share – 50,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share – 50,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022— — 
Common stock, par value $0.004 per share – 700,000 shares authorized, 157,220 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and 230,779 shares issued and 157,013 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2022Common stock, par value $0.004 per share – 700,000 shares authorized, 157,220 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and 230,779 shares issued and 157,013 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2022629 923 
Additional paid-in capitalAdditional paid-in capital2,404,243 2,388,783 Additional paid-in capital1,181,501 2,204,755 
Retained earningsRetained earnings14,735 15,523 Retained earnings68,814 39,244 
Accumulated other comprehensive lossAccumulated other comprehensive loss(452,648)(520,204)Accumulated other comprehensive loss(277,626)(442,424)
Treasury stock at cost (65,718 shares held at June 30, 2022 and 48,220 shares held at December 31, 2021)(950,410)(744,174)
Treasury stock at cost (73,766 shares held at December 31, 2022)Treasury stock at cost (73,766 shares held at December 31, 2022)— (1,026,272)
Total Laureate Education, Inc. stockholders' equityTotal Laureate Education, Inc. stockholders' equity1,016,842 1,140,843 Total Laureate Education, Inc. stockholders' equity973,318 776,226 
Noncontrolling interestsNoncontrolling interests(1,615)(1,285)Noncontrolling interests(2,114)(1,869)
Total stockholders' equityTotal stockholders' equity1,015,227 1,139,558 Total stockholders' equity971,204 774,357 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equityTotal liabilities and stockholders' equity$2,101,949 $2,211,310 Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$2,170,891 $1,972,237 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

7



LAUREATE EDUCATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
IN THOUSANDS
For the six months ended June 30,For the six months ended June 30,20222021For the six months ended June 30,20232022
Cash flows from operating activitiesCash flows from operating activities(Unaudited)(Unaudited)Cash flows from operating activities(Unaudited)(Unaudited)
Net loss$(1,121)$(194,167)
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)$29,551 $(1,121)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization29,158 49,689 Depreciation and amortization34,038 29,158 
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assetsAmortization of operating lease right-of-use assets15,320 27,003 Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets15,191 15,320 
Loss on impairment of assetsLoss on impairment of assets144 65,137 Loss on impairment of assets1,620 144 
Gain on sales and disposal of subsidiaries and property and equipment, net(6,587)(13,516)
Loss on derivative instruments— 24,517 
Loss (gain) on sales and disposal of subsidiaries and property and equipment, netLoss (gain) on sales and disposal of subsidiaries and property and equipment, net5,698 (6,587)
Loss on debt extinguishment— 77,999 
Non-cash interest expenseNon-cash interest expense825 5,662 Non-cash interest expense842 825 
Non-cash share-based compensation expenseNon-cash share-based compensation expense5,122 4,778 Non-cash share-based compensation expense3,100 5,122 
Bad debt expenseBad debt expense8,196 21,372 Bad debt expense16,180 8,196 
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes9,549 66,965 Deferred income taxes(6,867)9,549 
Unrealized foreign currency exchange loss (gain)15,115 (13,455)
Non-cash loss from non-income tax contingencies175 11,925 
Unrealized foreign currency exchange lossUnrealized foreign currency exchange loss61,264 15,115 
Other, netOther, net(3,182)(3,879)Other, net(8,828)(3,007)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
ReceivablesReceivables(37,548)(43,148)Receivables(57,095)(37,548)
Prepaid expenses and other assetsPrepaid expenses and other assets(4,094)(13,558)Prepaid expenses and other assets(11,068)(4,094)
Accounts payable and accrued expensesAccounts payable and accrued expenses(25,644)(33,013)Accounts payable and accrued expenses4,954 (25,644)
Income tax receivable/payable, netIncome tax receivable/payable, net41,215 (17,859)Income tax receivable/payable, net(1,742)41,215 
Deferred revenue and other liabilitiesDeferred revenue and other liabilities(1,005)(4,600)Deferred revenue and other liabilities(8,049)(1,005)
Net cash provided by operating activitiesNet cash provided by operating activities45,638 17,852 Net cash provided by operating activities78,789 45,638 
Cash flows from investing activitiesCash flows from investing activitiesCash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property and equipmentPurchase of property and equipment(8,091)(20,551)Purchase of property and equipment(14,851)(8,091)
Expenditures for deferred costsExpenditures for deferred costs(130)(4,444)Expenditures for deferred costs— (130)
Receipts from sales of discontinued operations, net of cash sold, and property and equipment10,259 725,323 
Payments on derivatives related to sale of discontinued operations— (50,341)
Receipts from sales of discontinued operations and property and equipmentReceipts from sales of discontinued operations and property and equipment366 10,259 
Net cash provided by investing activities2,038 649,987 
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activitiesNet cash (used in) provided by investing activities(14,485)2,038 
Cash flows from financing activitiesCash flows from financing activitiesCash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of original issue discountProceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of original issue discount204,691 55,394 Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of original issue discount43,956 204,691 
Payments on long-term debtPayments on long-term debt(230,476)(932,901)Payments on long-term debt(88,112)(230,476)
Payment of dividend equivalent rights for vested share-based awardsPayment of dividend equivalent rights for vested share-based awards(4,361)— Payment of dividend equivalent rights for vested share-based awards(2,318)(4,361)
Payments to purchase noncontrolling interestsPayments to purchase noncontrolling interests(123)— 
Proceeds from exercise of stock optionsProceeds from exercise of stock options11,624 374 Proceeds from exercise of stock options1,530 11,624 
Withholding of shares to satisfy tax withholding for vested stock awards and exercised stock optionsWithholding of shares to satisfy tax withholding for vested stock awards and exercised stock options(1,373)(1,236)Withholding of shares to satisfy tax withholding for vested stock awards and exercised stock options(616)(1,373)
Payments to repurchase common stockPayments to repurchase common stock(206,289)(251,374)Payments to repurchase common stock— (206,289)
Payments of call premiums and debt issuance costs— (32,980)
Net cash used in financing activitiesNet cash used in financing activities(226,184)(1,162,723)Net cash used in financing activities(45,683)(226,184)
Effects of exchange rate changes on Cash and cash equivalents and Restricted cashEffects of exchange rate changes on Cash and cash equivalents and Restricted cash10,034 (3,438)Effects of exchange rate changes on Cash and cash equivalents and Restricted cash8,658 10,034 
Change in cash included in current assets held for saleChange in cash included in current assets held for sale— 164,936 Change in cash included in current assets held for sale(560)— 
Net change in Cash and cash equivalents and Restricted cashNet change in Cash and cash equivalents and Restricted cash(168,474)(333,386)Net change in Cash and cash equivalents and Restricted cash26,719 (168,474)
Cash and cash equivalents and Restricted cash at beginning of periodCash and cash equivalents and Restricted cash at beginning of period345,575 867,298 Cash and cash equivalents and Restricted cash at beginning of period93,784 345,575 
Cash and cash equivalents and Restricted cash at end of periodCash and cash equivalents and Restricted cash at end of period$177,101 $533,912 Cash and cash equivalents and Restricted cash at end of period$120,503 $177,101 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
8



Laureate Education, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars and shares in thousands)
Note 1. Description of Business

Laureate Education, Inc. and subsidiaries (hereinafter Laureate, we, us, our, or the Company) provide higher education programs and services to students through licensed universities and higher education institutions (institutions). Laureate's programs are provided through institutions that are campus-based and through electronically distributed educational programs (online). In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we temporarily transitioned the educational delivery method at all of our campus-based institutions to be online, leveraging our existing technologies and learning platforms to serve students outside of the traditional classroom setting. Face-to-face educational activities have now resumed across our campuses.

We are domiciled in Delaware as a public benefit corporation, a demonstration of our long-term commitment to our mission to benefit our students and society. The Company completed its initial public offering (IPO) on February 6, 2017, and its shares are listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “LAUR.”

Discontinued Operations

As a result of the strategic review first announced in January 2020, during the third quarter of 2020, the Company completed a sale of its operations in Chile and signed agreements to sell its operations in Brazil, Australia and New Zealand, as well as Walden University in the United States. Additionally, prior to 2020, the Company had announced the divestiture of certain other subsidiaries in Europe, Asia and Central America, which has been completed. These announcements represented strategic shifts that had a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results. Accordingly, all of the divestitures that were part of these strategic shifts were accounted for as Discontinued Operations for all periods presented in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 205-20, “Discontinued Operations” (ASC 205).

All planned divestitures have now been completed, and the Company has concluded its strategic review process. The Company’s continuing operations are Mexico and Peru. All other markets have been divested (the Discontinued Operations). See Note 3, Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale, for more information. Unless indicated otherwise, the information in the footnotes to the Consolidated Financial Statements relates to continuing operations.

The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In our opinion, these financial statements include all adjustments considered necessary to present a fair statement of our consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows. Operating results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. These unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with Laureate's audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 20212022 (the 20212022 Form 10-K).

Note 2. Revenue

Revenue Recognition

Laureate's revenues primarily consist of tuition and educational service revenues. We also generate other revenues from student fees and other education-related activities. These other revenues are less material to our overall financial results and have a tendency to trend with tuition revenues. Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. These revenues are recognized net of scholarships and other discounts, refunds and waivers. Laureate's institutions have various billing and academic cycles.

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We determine revenue recognition through the five-step model prescribed by ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as follows:

Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;
Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;
Determination of the transaction price;
Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
Recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation.

We assess collectibility on a portfolio basis prior to recording revenue. Generally, students cannot re-enroll for the next academic session without satisfactory resolution of any past-due amounts. If a student withdraws from an institution, Laureate's obligation to issue a refund depends on the refund policy at that institution and the timing of the student's withdrawal. Generally, our refund obligations are reduced over the course of the academic term. We record refunds as a reduction of deferred revenue as applicable.

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The following table shows the components of Revenues by reportable segment and as a percentage of total revenue for the three months ended June 30, 20222023 and 2021:
MexicoPeru
Corporate(1)
Total
2022
Tuition and educational services$188,936 $247,069 $— $436,005 113 %
Other19,503 12,963 1,568 34,034 %
Gross revenue208,439 260,032 1,568 470,039 122 %
Less: Discounts / waivers / scholarships(63,780)(20,878)— (84,658)(22)%
Total$144,659 $239,154 $1,568 $385,381 100 %
2021
Tuition and educational services$157,714 $205,022 $— $362,736 111 %
Other17,804 12,863 1,636 32,303 10 %
Gross revenue175,518 217,885 1,636 395,039 121 %
Less: Discounts / waivers / scholarships(51,235)(16,225)— (67,460)(21)%
Total$124,283 $201,660 $1,636 $327,579 100 %
2022:
MexicoPeru
Corporate(1)
Total
2023
Tuition and educational services$253,238 $276,576 $— $529,814 115 %
Other27,687 16,315 (65)43,937 %
Gross revenue280,925 292,891 (65)573,751 124 %
Less: Discounts / waivers / scholarships(88,790)(22,894)— (111,684)(24)%
Total$192,135 $269,997 $(65)$462,067 100 %
2022
Tuition and educational services$188,936 $247,069 $— $436,005 113 %
Other19,503 12,963 1,568 34,034 %
Gross revenue208,439 260,032 1,568 470,039 122 %
Less: Discounts / waivers / scholarships(63,780)(20,878)— (84,658)(22)%
Total$144,659 $239,154 $1,568 $385,381 100 %
(1) Includes the elimination of inter-segment revenues.

The following table shows the components of Revenues by reportable segment and as a percentage of total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 2021:2022:
MexicoPeru
Corporate(1)
TotalMexicoPeru
Corporate(1)
Total
20232023
Tuition and educational servicesTuition and educational services$476,246 $339,603 $— $815,849 114 %
OtherOther62,382 27,388 (6)89,764 13 %
Gross revenueGross revenue538,628 366,991 (6)905,613 127 %
Less: Discounts / waivers / scholarshipsLess: Discounts / waivers / scholarships(164,530)(27,761)— (192,291)(27)%
TotalTotal$374,098 $339,230 $(6)$713,322 100 %
202220222022
Tuition and educational servicesTuition and educational services$363,010 $303,588 $— $666,598 112 %Tuition and educational services$363,010 $303,588 $— $666,598 112 %
OtherOther48,120 26,349 3,178 77,647 13 %Other48,120 26,349 3,178 77,647 13 %
Gross revenueGross revenue411,130 329,937 3,178 744,245 125 %Gross revenue411,130 329,937 3,178 744,245 125 %
Less: Discounts / waivers / scholarshipsLess: Discounts / waivers / scholarships(123,921)(25,380)— (149,301)(25)%Less: Discounts / waivers / scholarships(123,921)(25,380)— (149,301)(25)%
TotalTotal$287,209 $304,557 $3,178 $594,944 100 %Total$287,209 $304,557 $3,178 $594,944 100 %
2021
Tuition and educational services$323,738 $256,474 $— $580,212 111 %
Other41,327 22,446 3,442 67,215 13 %
Gross revenue365,065 278,920 3,442 647,427 124 %
Less: Discounts / waivers / scholarships(105,385)(19,762)— (125,147)(24)%
Total$259,680 $259,158 $3,442 $522,280 100 %
(1) Includes the elimination of inter-segment revenues.

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Contract Balances

The timing of billings, cash collections and revenue recognition results in accounts receivable (contract assets) and Deferred revenue and student deposits (contract liabilities) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We have various billing and academic cycles and recognize student receivables when an academic session begins, although students generally enroll in courses prior to the start of the academic session. Receivables are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that we will collect substantially all of the consideration to which we are entitled in exchange for the goods and services that will be transferred to the student. We receive advance payments or deposits from our students before revenue is recognized, which are recorded as contract liabilities in deferred revenue and student deposits. Payment terms vary by university with some universities requiring payment in advance of the academic session and other universities allowing students to pay in installments over the term of the academic session.

All of our contract assets are considered accounts receivable and are included within the Accounts and notes receivable balance in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Total accounts receivable from our contracts with students were $152,037$186,729 and $117,987$133,105 as of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, respectively. The increase in the contract assets balance at June 30, 20222023 compared to December 31, 20212022 was primarily driven by our enrollment cycles. The first and third calendar quarters generally coincide with the primary and secondary intakes for our larger institutions. All contract asset amounts are classified as current.
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Contract liabilities in the amount of $50,468$57,526 and $43,959$51,264 were included within the Deferred revenue and student deposits balance in the current liabilities section of the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, respectively. The increase in the contract liability balance during the period ended June 30, 20222023 was the result of semester billings and cash payments received in advance of satisfying performance obligations, partially offset by revenue recognized during that period. Revenue recognized for the six months ended June 30, 20222023 that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the year was approximately $34,493.$49,400.

Note 3. Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale

As discussed in Note 1, Description of Business, the Company’s remaining principal markets are Mexico and Peru. All other markets have been divested.

Summarized operating results and cash flows of the Discontinued Operations are presented in the following tables:
For the three months ended June 30,20222021
Revenues$— $232,114 
Share-based compensation expense— (585)
Other direct costs— (171,469)
Loss on impairment of assets— (204)
Other non-operating expense— (4,389)
Gain on sale of discontinued operations before taxes, net4,145 30,131 
Pretax income of discontinued operations4,145 85,598 
Income tax benefit— 1,063 
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax$4,145 $86,661 

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For the six months ended June 30,20222021
Revenues$— $471,863 
Share-based compensation expense— (827)
Other direct costs— (372,665)
Loss on impairment of assets— (1,268)
Other non-operating expense— (15,551)
Gain on sale of discontinued operations before taxes, net4,880 13,293 
Pretax income of discontinued operations4,880 94,845 
Income tax expense— (8,602)
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax$4,880 $86,243 
Operating cash flows of discontinued operations$— $56,567 
Investing cash flows of discontinued operations$— $(9,941)
Financing cash flows of discontinued operations$— $(18,059)

During the second quarter of 2022, the Company completed the transfer2023, two of the remainingCompany’s subsidiaries that operate K-12 educational programs in Mexico met the criteria for classification as held for sale under ASC 360-10-45-9, “Long-Lived Assets Classified as Held for Sale.” The sale of the K-12 campuses is intended to allow the Mexico segment to focus on its core business. The assets and liabilities of this disposal group are recorded at the Discontinued Operations that were classifiedlower of their carrying values or their estimated fair values less costs to sell. The planned sale of this disposal group does not represent a strategic shift and therefore does not qualify for presentation as held for sale as of December 31, 2021, which resulteda discontinued operation in a gain of approximately $4,300.the Consolidated Financial Statements. The carrying amounts of the major classes of assets and liabilities that were classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2021 are presented in the following table:

June 30, 20222023December 31, 20212022
Assets of Discontinued OperationsHeld for Sale
Cash and cash equivalents$560 $— 
Receivables, net473 — 
Property and equipment, net917 
— 
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net$9,104 — 
$Other assets6,16433 
— 
Total assets held for sale$11,087 $6,164 

Liabilities of Discontinued OperationsHeld for Sale
Deferred revenue and student deposits$879 — 
Operating leases, including current portion$9,226 — 
Long-term debt, including current portion868 $10,849 
Other liabilities764 
— 
Total liabilities held for sale$11,737 $10,849 

The long-term debt balance represents a finance lease for property.

Note 4. Business and Geographic Segment Information

Laureate’s educational services are offered through 2two reportable segments: Mexico and Peru. Laureate determines its segments based on information utilized by the chief operating decision maker to allocate resources and assess performance.

Our segments generate revenues by providing an education that emphasizes profession-oriented fields of study with undergraduate and graduate degrees in a wide range of disciplines. Our educational offerings utilize campus-based, online and hybrid (a combination of online and in-classroom) courses and programs to deliver their curriculum. The Mexico and Peru markets are characterized by what we believe is a significant imbalance between supply and demand. The demand for higher education is large and growing and is fueled by several demographic and economic factors, including a growing middle class, global growth in services and technology-related industries and recognition of the significant personal and economic benefits gained by graduates of higher education institutions. The target demographics are primarily 18- to 24-year-olds in theboth countries in which we compete. We compete with other private higher education institutions on the basis of price, educational quality, reputation and location. We believe that we compare favorably with competitors because of our focus on quality, professional-oriented curriculum and the competitive advantages provided by our network. There are a number of private and public institutions in Mexico and Peru,both countries in which we operate, and it is difficult to predict how the markets will evolve and how many competitors there will be in the future. We expect competition to increase as the Mexican and Peruvian markets mature.
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Essentially all of our revenues were generated from private pay sources as there are no material government-sponsored loan programs in Mexico or Peru. Specifics related to both of our reportable segments are discussed below.

In Mexico, the private sector plays a meaningful role in higher education, bridging supply and demand imbalances created by a lack of capacity at public universities. Laureate owns 2two nationally licensed institutions and is present throughout the country with a footprint of over 35 campuses. Students in our Mexican institutions typically finance their own education.

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In Peru, private universities are increasingly providing the capacity to meet growing demand in the higher-education market. Laureate owns 3three institutions in Peru.

As discussed in Note 1, DescriptionPeru, with a footprint of Business, and Note 3, Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale, in prior periods a number of our subsidiaries met the requirements to be classified as Discontinued Operations. As a result, the Discontinued Operationshave been excluded from the segment information for all periods presented.19 campuses.

Inter-segment transactions are accounted for in a similar manner as third-party transactions and are eliminated in consolidation. The Corporate amounts presented in the following tables include corporate charges that were not allocated to our reportable segments and adjustments to eliminate inter-segment items.

We evaluate segment performance based on Adjusted EBITDA, which is a non-GAAP performance measure defined as Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net income of affiliates, adding back the following items: Gain on disposal of subsidiaries, net, Foreign currency exchange (loss) gain,loss, net, Other (expense) income, (expense), net, Loss on derivatives, Loss on debt extinguishment, Interest expense, Interest income, Depreciation and amortization expense, Loss on impairment of assets, Share-based compensation expense and expenses related to our Excellence-in-Process (EiP) initiative. Our EiP initiative was completed as of December 31, 2021, except for certain EiP expenses related to the completion of programs that began in prior periods. EiP was an enterprise-wide initiative to optimize and standardize Laureate’s processes, creating vertical integration of procurement, information technology, finance, accounting and human resources. It included the establishment of regional shared services organizations (SSOs), as well as improvements to the Company's system of internal controls over financial reporting. The EiP initiative also included other back- and mid-office areas, as well as certain student-facing activities, expenses associated with streamlining the organizational structure, an enterprise-wide program aimed at revenue growth, and certain non-recurring costs that were incurred in connection with theprevious dispositions.

Adjusted EBITDA is a key measure used by our management and Board of Directors to understand and evaluate our core operating performance and trends, to prepare and approve our annual budget and to develop short- and long-term operational plans. In particular, the exclusion of certain expenses in calculating Adjusted EBITDA can provide a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our core business. Additionally, Adjusted EBITDA is a key financial measure used by the compensation committee of our Board of Directors and our Chief Executive Officer in connection with the payment of incentive compensation to our executive officers and other members of our management team. Accordingly, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results in the same manner as our management and Board of Directors. We use total assets as the measure of assets for reportable segments.

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The following tables provide financial information for our reportable segments, including a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net income of affiliates, as reported in the Consolidated Statements of Operations:
For the three months endedFor the six months endedFor the three months endedFor the six months ended
June 30,June 30,June 30,June 30,
20222021202220212023202220232022
RevenuesRevenuesRevenues
MexicoMexico$144,659 $124,283 $287,209 $259,680 Mexico$192,135 $144,659 $374,098 $287,209 
PeruPeru239,154 201,660 304,557 259,158 Peru269,997 239,154 339,230 304,557 
CorporateCorporate1,568 1,636 3,178 3,442 Corporate(65)1,568 (6)3,178 
Revenues$385,381 $327,579 $594,944 $522,280 
Total RevenuesTotal Revenues$462,067 $385,381 $713,322 $594,944 
Adjusted EBITDA of reportable segmentsAdjusted EBITDA of reportable segmentsAdjusted EBITDA of reportable segments
MexicoMexico$19,455 $17,187 $56,406 $34,456 Mexico$38,197 $19,455 $87,143 $56,406 
PeruPeru136,311 113,631 140,140 125,225 Peru147,169 136,311 140,714 140,140 
Total Adjusted EBITDA of reportable segmentsTotal Adjusted EBITDA of reportable segments155,766 130,818 196,546 159,681 Total Adjusted EBITDA of reportable segments185,366 155,766 227,857 196,546 
Reconciling items:Reconciling items:Reconciling items:
CorporateCorporate(11,671)(23,708)(25,295)(42,911)Corporate(9,965)(11,670)(18,981)(25,295)
Depreciation and amortization expenseDepreciation and amortization expense(14,792)(26,983)(29,158)(49,744)Depreciation and amortization expense(17,317)(14,792)(34,038)(29,158)
Loss on impairment of assetsLoss on impairment of assets— (7,219)(144)(63,869)Loss on impairment of assets(1,620)— (1,620)(144)
Share-based compensation expenseShare-based compensation expense(2,360)(2,617)(5,122)(3,951)Share-based compensation expense(1,975)(2,360)(3,100)(5,122)
EiP expensesEiP expenses(302)(12,607)(1,152)(27,913)EiP expenses— (303)— (1,152)
Operating income (loss)126,641 57,684 135,675 (28,707)
Operating incomeOperating income154,489 126,641 170,118 135,675 
Interest incomeInterest income1,685 477 3,653 1,188 Interest income1,951 1,685 4,109 3,653 
Interest expenseInterest expense(4,164)(13,541)(7,895)(37,059)Interest expense(6,137)(4,164)(12,089)(7,895)
Loss on debt extinguishment— (77,927)— (77,940)
Loss on derivatives— (53,847)— (24,517)
Other income (expense), net246 (55)(980)(21)
Foreign currency (loss) gain, net(14,451)(15,519)(18,052)12,664 
Other (expense) income, netOther (expense) income, net(129)246 132 (980)
Foreign currency loss, netForeign currency loss, net(32,357)(14,451)(61,309)(18,052)
Gain on disposal of subsidiaries, netGain on disposal of subsidiaries, net1,461 27 1,461 27 Gain on disposal of subsidiaries, net1,461 307 1,461 
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net income of affiliates$111,418 $(102,701)$113,862 $(154,365)
Income from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net income of affiliatesIncome from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net income of affiliates$117,818 $111,418 $101,268 $113,862 

June 30, 2022December 31, 2021June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
AssetsAssetsAssets
MexicoMexico$1,185,999 $1,251,791 Mexico$1,386,524 $1,220,630 
PeruPeru572,732 598,862 Peru595,439 536,141 
Corporate and Discontinued Operations343,218 360,657 
CorporateCorporate188,928 215,466 
Total assetsTotal assets$2,101,949 $2,211,310 Total assets$2,170,891 $1,972,237 

Note 5. Goodwill

The change in the net carrying amount of Goodwill from December 31, 20212022 through June 30, 20222023 was composed of the following items:
MexicoPeruTotal
Balance at December 31, 2021$479,223 $67,572 $546,795 
Currency translation adjustments20,306 3,513 23,819 
Balance at June 30, 2022$499,529 $71,085 $570,614 
MexicoPeruTotal
Balance at December 31, 2022$512,990 $70,503 $583,493 
Currency translation adjustments71,689 3,541 75,230 
Balance at June 30, 2023$584,679 $74,044 $658,723 

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Note 6. Debt

Outstanding long-term debt was as follows:
June 30, 2022December 31, 2021June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Senior long-term debt:Senior long-term debt:Senior long-term debt:
Senior Secured Credit Facility (stated maturity date October 2024)$— $— 
Senior Secured Credit Facility (stated maturity date October 7, 2024)Senior Secured Credit Facility (stated maturity date October 7, 2024)$88,000 $100,000 
Other debt:Other debt:Other debt:
Lines of creditLines of credit5,102 10,131 Lines of credit4,129 13,778 
Notes payable and other debtNotes payable and other debt89,123 102,003 Notes payable and other debt59,818 72,209 
Total senior and other debtTotal senior and other debt94,225 112,134 Total senior and other debt151,947 185,987 
Finance lease obligations and sale-leaseback financingsFinance lease obligations and sale-leaseback financings44,567 45,124 Finance lease obligations and sale-leaseback financings58,175 48,186 
Total long-term debt and finance leasesTotal long-term debt and finance leases138,792 157,258 Total long-term debt and finance leases210,122 234,173 
Less: total unamortized deferred financing costsLess: total unamortized deferred financing costs2,824 3,588 Less: total unamortized deferred financing costs1,308 2,060 
Less: current portion of long-term debt and finance leasesLess: current portion of long-term debt and finance leases46,096 49,082 Less: current portion of long-term debt and finance leases62,702 56,184 
Long-term debt and finance leases, less current portionLong-term debt and finance leases, less current portion$89,872 $104,588 Long-term debt and finance leases, less current portion$146,112 $175,929 

Senior Secured Credit Facility

Under our Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the Third A&R Credit Agreement), the Company maintains a revolving credit facility (the Senior Secured Credit Facility) that has a borrowing capacity of $410,000 and a maturity date of October 7, 2024. As of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021, no amounts were borrowed on this facility.2022, the Senior Secured Credit Facility had a total outstanding balance of $88,000 and $100,000, respectively.

Estimated Fair Value of Debt

As of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, the estimated fair value of our debt approximated its carrying value.

Certain Covenants

As of June 30, 2022,2023, our Third A&R Credit Agreement contained certain negative covenants including, among others: (1) limitations on additional indebtedness; (2) limitations on dividends; (3) limitations on asset sales, including the sale of ownership interests in subsidiaries and sale-leaseback transactions; and (4) limitations on liens, guarantees, loans or investments. The Third A&R Credit Agreement provides, solely with respect to the revolving credit facility, that the Company shall not permit its Consolidated Senior Secured Debt to Consolidated EBITDA ratio, as defined in the Third A&R Credit Agreement, to exceed 3.50x as of the last day of each quarter commencing with the quarter ending December 31, 2019 and thereafter. The agreement also provides that if (i) the Company’s Consolidated Total Debt to Consolidated EBITDA ratio, as defined in the Third A&R Credit Agreement, is not greater than 4.75x as of such date and (ii) less than 25% of the revolving credit facility is utilized as of that date, then such financial covenant shall not apply. As of June 30, 2022,2023, these conditions were satisfied and, therefore, we were not subject to the leverage ratio.ratio covenant. In addition, indebtedness at some of our locations contain financial maintenance covenants. We were in compliance with these covenants as of June 30, 2022.2023.

Note 7. Leases

Laureate conducts a significant portion of its operations at leased facilities, including many of Laureate's higher education facilities and other office locations. In accordance with ASC Topic 842, “Leases,” Laureate analyzes each lease agreement to determine whether it should be classified as a finance lease or an operating lease.

Finance Leases

Our finance lease agreements are for property and equipment. The lease assets are included within buildings as well as furniture, equipment and software, and the related lease liability is included within debt and finance leases on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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Operating Leases

Our operating lease agreements are primarily for real estate space and are included within operating lease right-of-use (ROU) assets and operating lease liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The terms of our operating leases vary and generally contain renewal options. Certain of these operating leases provide for increasing rent over the term of the lease. Laureate also leases certain equipment under noncancellable operating leases, which are typically for terms of 60 months or less.

ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Our variable lease payments consist of non-lease services related to the lease. Variable lease payments are excluded from the ROU assets and lease liabilities and are recognized in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Many of our lease agreements include options to extend the lease, which we do not include in our minimum lease terms unless they are reasonably certain to be exercised. Rental expense for lease payments related to operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. On occasion, Laureate has entered into sublease agreements for certain leased office space; however, the sublease income from these agreements is immaterial.

Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies

Loss Contingencies

Laureate is subject to legal actions arising in the ordinary course of its business. In management's opinion, we have adequate legal defenses, insurance coverage and/or accrued liabilities with respect to the eventuality of such actions. We do not believe that any settlement would have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Contingent Liabilities for TaxesIncome Tax Contingencies

As of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, Laureate had recorded cumulative liabilities for income tax contingencies of $122,850$132,552 and $91,585,$130,323, respectively.

OtherNon-Income Tax Loss Contingencies

Laureate has accrued liabilities for certain civil actions against our institutions, a portion of which existed prior to our acquisition of these entities. Laureate intends to vigorously defend against these matters. As of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, approximately $9,800$12,700 and $7,200,$11,400, respectively, of loss contingencies were included in Other long-term liabilities and Other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

We have also identified certain loss contingencies that we have assessed as being reasonably possible of loss, but not probable of loss, and could have an adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations if the outcomes are unfavorable. In the aggregate, we estimate that the reasonably possible loss for these unrecorded contingencies could be up to approximately $18,300 if the outcomes were unfavorable.

Guarantees

In connection with a loan agreement entered into by a Laureate subsidiary in Peru, all of the shares of Universidad Privada del Norte, one of our universities, were pledged to the third-party lender as a guarantee of the payment obligations under the loan.

During the first quarter of 2021, one of our Peruvian institutions issued a bank guarantee in order to appeal a preliminary tax assessment received related to tax audits of 2014 and 2015. As of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, the amount of the guarantee was $6,188$7,428 and $5,885,$7,076, respectively.


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Note 9. Share-based Compensation

Share-based compensation expense was as follows:
For the three months ended June 30,For the six months ended June 30,
2022202120222021
Continuing operations
Stock options, net of estimated forfeitures$— $101 $— $277 
Restricted stock awards2,360 2,516 5,122 3,674 
Total continuing operations2,360 2,617 5,122 3,951 
Discontinued operations
Share-based compensation expense for discontinued operations— 585 — 827 
Total continuing and discontinued operations$2,360 $3,202 $5,122 $4,778 

Note 10.9. Stockholders’ Equity

The components of net changes in stockholders’ equity for the fiscal quarters of 20222023 are as follows:
Laureate Education, Inc. Stockholders
Common stockAdditional paid-in capitalRetained earnings (accumulated deficit)Accumulated other comprehensive lossTreasury stock at costNon-controlling interestsTotal stockholders’ equity
SharesAmount
Balance at December 31, 2021180,611 $915 $2,388,783 $15,523 $(520,204)$(744,174)$(1,285)$1,139,558 
Non-cash stock compensation— — 2,762 — — — — 2,762 
Purchase of treasury stock at cost(9,485)— — — — (112,874)— (112,874)
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock, net of shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding1,379 10,716 — — — — 10,722 
Equitable adjustments to stock-based awards— — (189)— — — — (189)
Net loss— — — (44,211)— — (469)(44,680)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax of $0— — — — 49,573 — 49,575 
Minimum pension liability adjustment, net of tax of $0— — — — 14 — — 14 
Balance at March 31, 2022172,505 $921 $2,402,072 $(28,688)$(470,617)$(857,048)$(1,752)$1,044,888 
Non-cash stock compensation— — 2,360 — — — — 2,360 
Purchase of treasury stock at cost(8,013)— — — — (93,362)— (93,362)
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock, net of shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding171 (472)— — — — (471)
Equitable adjustments to stock-based awards— — (35)— — — — (35)
Change in noncontrolling interests— — — — — (2)— 
Reclassification of redeemable equity to non-redeemable equity— — 316 — — — — 316 
Net income— — — 43,423 — — 136 43,559 
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax of $0— — — — 17,969 — 17,972 
Balance at June 30, 2022164,663 $922 $2,404,243 $14,735 $(452,648)$(950,410)$(1,615)$1,015,227 
Laureate Education, Inc. Stockholders
Common stockAdditional paid-in capitalRetained earningsAccumulated other comprehensive lossTreasury stock at costNon-controlling interestsTotal stockholders’ equity
SharesAmount
Balance at December 31, 2022157,013 $923 $2,204,755 $39,244 $(442,424)$(1,026,272)$(1,869)$774,357 
Non-cash share-based compensation— — 1,124 — — — — 1,124 
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units, net of shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding161 (448)— — — — (447)
Equitable adjustments to stock-based awards— — (13)— — — — (13)
Change in noncontrolling interests— — 16 — — — (140)(124)
Net loss— — — (26,607)— — (155)(26,762)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax of $0— — — — 72,791 — 72,797 
Balance at March 31, 2023157,174 $924 $2,205,434 $12,637 $(369,633)$(1,026,272)$(2,158)$820,932 
Non-cash share-based compensation— — 1,976 — — — — 1,976 
Retirement of treasury stock— (295)(1,025,977)— — 1,026,272 — — 
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units, net of shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding46 — 44 — — — — 44 
Equitable adjustments to stock-based awards— — 24 — — — — 24 
Net income— — — 56,177 — — 136 56,313 
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax of $0— — — — 92,007 — (92)91,915 
Balance at June 30, 2023157,220 $629 $1,181,501 $68,814 $(277,626)$— $(2,114)$971,204 

Retirement of Treasury Stock

On May 24, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the retirement of all outstanding shares of treasury stock, which totaled 73,766 shares. The Company recorded the purchases of treasury stock at cost as a separate component within stockholders’ equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Upon retirement of treasury stock, the Company allocates the excess of the purchase price over par value to additional paid-in capital, subject to certain limitations.

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The components of net changes in stockholders’ equity for the fiscal quarters of 20212022 are as follows:
Laureate Education, Inc. Stockholders
Class A
common stock
Class B
common stock
Additional paid-in capitalAccumulated deficitAccumulated other comprehensive lossTreasury stock at costNon-controlling interestsTotal stockholders’ equity
SharesAmountSharesAmount
Balance at December 31, 2020115,119 $548 90,792 $363 $3,760,029 $(176,822)$(941,986)$(365,316)$(12,882)$2,263,934 
Beginning retained earnings adjustment— — — — — (101)— — — (101)
Non-cash stock compensation— — — — 1,576 — — — — 1,576 
Conversion of Class B shares to Class A shares17,248 69 (17,248)(69)— — — — — — 
Purchase of treasury stock at cost(10,401)— — — — — — (145,806)— (145,806)
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock, net of shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding247 — — (1,223)— — — — (1,222)
Accretion of redeemable noncontrolling interests and equity— — — — (20)— — — — (20)
Net loss— — — — — (164,928)— — (15)(164,943)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax of $0— — — — — — (59,743)— (18)(59,761)
Minimum pension liability adjustment, net of tax of $0— — — — — — (168)— — (168)
Balance at March 31, 2021122,213 $618 73,544 $294 $3,760,362 $(341,851)$(1,001,897)$(511,122)$(12,915)$1,893,489 
Non-cash stock compensation— — — — 3,202 — — — — 3,202 
Conversion of Class B shares to Class A shares— (2)— — — — — — — 
Purchase of treasury stock at cost(7,548)— — — — — — (105,786)— (105,786)
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock, net of shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding119 — — 359 — — — — 360 
Accretion of redeemable noncontrolling interests and equity— — — — (68)— — — — (68)
Reclassification of redeemable noncontrolling interests and equity— — — — — — — — (1)(1)
Net loss— — — — — (29,000)— — (224)(29,224)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax of $0— — — — — — 510,445 — (2)510,443 
Minimum pension liability adjustment, net of tax of $0— — — — — — 27 — — 27 
Balance at June 30, 2021114,786 $619 73,542 $294 $3,763,855 $(370,851)$(491,425)$(616,908)$(13,142)$2,272,442 
Laureate Education, Inc. Stockholders

Common stock
Additional paid-in capitalRetained earnings (accumulated deficit)Accumulated other comprehensive lossTreasury stock at costNon-controlling interestsTotal stockholders’ equity
SharesAmount
Balance at December 31, 2021180,611 $915 $2,388,783 $15,523 $(520,204)$(744,174)$(1,285)$1,139,558 
Non-cash share-based compensation— — 2,762 — — — — 2,762 
Purchase of treasury stock at cost(9,485)— — — — (112,874)— (112,874)
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units, net of shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding1,379 10,716 — — — — 10,722 
Equitable adjustments to stock-based awards— — (189)— — — — (189)
Net loss— — — (44,211)— — (469)(44,680)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax of $0— — — — 49,573 — 49,575 
Minimum pension liability adjustment, net of tax of $0— — — — 14 — — 14 
Balance at March 31, 2022172,505 $921 $2,402,072 $(28,688)$(470,617)$(857,048)$(1,752)$1,044,888 
Non-cash share-based compensation— — 2,360 — — — — 2,360 
Purchase of treasury stock at cost(8,013)— — — — (93,362)— (93,362)
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units, net of shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding171 (472)— — — — (471)
Equitable adjustments to stock-based awards— — (35)— — — — (35)
Change in noncontrolling interests— — — — — (2)— 
Reclassification of redeemable equity to non-redeemable equity— — 316 — — — — 316 
Net income— — — 43,423 — — 136 43,559 
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax of $0— — — — 17,969 — 17,972 
Balance at June 30, 2022164,663 $922 $2,404,243 $14,735 $(452,648)$(950,410)$(1,615)$1,015,227 

Effective October 29, 2021, each share of Company Class A common stock and each share of Company Class B common stock automatically converted into 1 share of common stock of the Company. Following the conversion, the Company has only 1 class of common stock outstanding.Share-based Compensation Expense

Stock Repurchase Program

On March 14, 2022, the Company announced that its Board of Directors had approved an increase of $50,000 to the existing authorization to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock under its share repurchase program, for a total authorization of $650,000. The authorizations do not have an expiration date. The Company’s repurchases may be made on the open market at prevailing market prices, in privately negotiated transactions, in block trades and/or through other legally permissible means, depending on market conditions and in accordance with applicable rules and regulations promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). Repurchases may be effected pursuant to a trading plan adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act. The Company’s Board of Directors will review the share repurchase program periodically and may authorize adjustment of its terms and size or suspend or discontinue the program. The Company expects to finance the repurchases with free cash flow, from excess cash and liquidity on-hand, or from its revolving credit facility, or a combination thereof. During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022,, the Company repurchased 17,498 sharesrecorded share-based compensation expense for restricted stock unit awards of its outstanding common stock for a total purchase price of $206,236.$3,100 and $5,122, respectively.

18


Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI) in our Consolidated Balance Sheets includes the accumulated translation adjustments arising from translation of foreign subsidiaries’ financial statements, the unrealized gain on a derivative designated as an effective net investment hedge, and the accumulated net gains or losses that are not recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost for our minimum pension liability. The AOCI related to the net investment hedge will be deferred from earnings until the sale or liquidation of the hedged investee. The components of these balances were as follows:
June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Laureate Education, Inc.Noncontrolling InterestsTotalLaureate Education, Inc.Noncontrolling InterestsTotal
Foreign currency translation adjustment$(461,930)$951 $(460,979)$(529,472)$946 $(528,526)
Unrealized gain on derivatives10,416 — 10,416 10,416 — 10,416 
Minimum pension liability adjustment(1,134)— (1,134)(1,148)— (1,148)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss$(452,648)$951 $(451,697)$(520,204)$946 $(519,258)

Note 11. Derivative Instruments

In the normal course of business, our operations are exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency values and interest rate changes. We may seek to control a portion of these risks through a risk management program that includes the use of derivative instruments.

Prior to their repayment, Laureate’s senior long-term debt arrangements were primarily in USD. Our ability to make debt payments was subject to fluctuations in the value of the USD against foreign currencies, since a majority of our operating cash used to make these payments was generated by subsidiaries with functional currencies other than USD. As part of our overall risk management policies, Laureate has at times entered into foreign currency swap contracts and floating-to-fixed interest rate swap contracts. For example, in November 2020 we entered into the BRL to USD foreign currency swap described below. In addition, we occasionally enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to reduce the impact of other non-functional currency-denominated receivables and payables. We do not enter into speculative or leveraged transactions, nor do we hold or issue derivatives for trading purposes. We generally intend to hold our derivatives until maturity.

Laureate reports all derivatives at fair value. These contracts are recognized as either assets or liabilities, depending upon the derivative’s fair value. Gains or losses associated with the change in the fair value of these swaps are recognized in our Consolidated Statements of Operations on a current basis over the term of the contracts, unless designated and effective as a hedge. For swaps that are designated and effective as cash flow hedges, gains or losses associated with the change in fair value of the swaps are recognized in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as a component of AOCI and amortized into earnings as a component of Interest expense over the term of the related hedged items. Upon early termination of an effective interest rate swap designated as a cash flow hedge, unrealized gains or losses are deferred in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as a component of AOCI and are amortized as an adjustment to Interest expense over the period during which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. For derivatives that are both designated and effective as net investment hedges, gains or losses associated with the change in fair value of the derivatives are recognized on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as a component of AOCI.

Laureate did not hold any derivatives as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Laureate Education, Inc.Noncontrolling InterestsTotalLaureate Education, Inc.Noncontrolling InterestsTotal
Foreign currency translation adjustment$(287,454)$873 $(286,581)$(452,252)$959 $(451,293)
Unrealized gain on derivatives10,416 — 10,416 10,416 — 10,416 
Minimum pension liability adjustment(588)— (588)(588)— (588)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss$(277,626)$873 $(276,753)$(442,424)$959 $(441,465)

1917


BRL to USD Foreign Currency Swaps

In November 2020, in connection with the signing of the sale agreement for its Brazilian operations, Laureate entered into 6 BRL-to-USD swap agreements. The purpose of these swaps was to mitigate the risk of foreign currency exposure on the expected proceeds from the sale. NaN of the swaps were deal contingent, with the settlement date occurring on the second business day following the completion of the sale. On the settlement date, Laureate would deliver the combined notional amount of BRL 1,900,000 (BRL 950,000 for each swap) and receive an amount in USD equal to each swap's notional amount multiplied by each swap's contract rate of exchange at the settlement date. The remaining 4 swaps were originally put/call options with a maturity date of May 13, 2021, where Laureate could put the combined notional amount of BRL 1,875,000 and call a combined USD amount of $343,783 at an exchange rate of 5.4540 BRL per 1 USD. The terms of these options included deferred premium payments from Laureate to the counterparties of $18,294, which were paid in full in January 2021. During the second quarter of 2021, all 4 of these swaps were converted to be deal contingent, with the settlement date occurring on the second business day following the aforementioned sale. This conversion resulted in cash proceeds to Laureate of $1,663. On the settlement date, Laureate would deliver the combined notional amount of BRL 1,875,000 and receive an amount in USD equal to each swap’s notional amount multiplied by each swap’s contract rate of exchange at the settlement date.

The sale of Laureate’s Brazilian operations closed on May 28, 2021. Per the terms of the agreements, the swaps were settled on June 2, 2021, which resulted in a realized loss and net settlement amount paid to the counterparties at closing of $33,710. These swaps were not designated as hedges for accounting purposes.

Components of the reported Loss on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations were as follows:
For the three months ended June 30,For the six months ended June 30,
2022202120222021
Cross currency swaps
Unrealized (loss) gain$— $(21,800)$— $25,824 
Realized loss— (32,047)— (50,341)
Loss on derivatives, net$— $(53,847)$— $(24,517)

Credit Risk and Credit-Risk-Related Contingent Features
Derivatives expose us to credit risk to the extent that the counterparty may possibly fail to perform its contractual obligation. The amount of our credit risk exposure is equal to the fair value of the derivative when any of the derivatives are in a net gain position. Laureate limits its credit risk by only entering into derivative transactions with highly rated major financial institutions. We have not entered into collateral agreements with our derivatives’ counterparties. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we did not hold any derivatives in a net gain position, and thus had no credit risk.

Laureate’s agreements with its derivative counterparties typically contain a provision under which the Company could be declared in default on its derivative obligations if repayment of the underlying indebtedness is accelerated by the lender due to a default on the indebtedness. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company did not have any outstanding derivative agreements.

Note 12.10. Income Taxes

Laureate's income tax provisions for all periods consist of federal, state and foreign income taxes. The tax provisions for the six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 20212022 are based on estimated full-year effective tax rates, adjusted for discrete income tax items related specifically to the interim periods. Laureate has operations in multiple countries at various statutory tax rates and other operations that are loss-making entities for which it is not more likely than not that a tax benefit will be realized on the loss.

For the six months ended June 30, 2022,2023, the Company recognized income tax expense of $119,933,$67,663, as compared to $126,045$119,933 in the prior year period.

Income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was attributable to pretax income, the jurisdictional mix of earnings, and pretax losses for which the Company cannot recognize a tax benefit.

Income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2022was in part driven by discrete tax expense of approximately $32,500 that was recorded for income tax reserves related to a retrospective provisionthe application of final regulations from the U.S. Treasury Department that were published during the first quarter of 2022.high-tax exception to global intangible low-taxed income. In addition, income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2022 was attributable to pretax income, the jurisdictional mix of earnings and pretax losses for which the Company cannot recognize a tax benefit, the tax effect of stock options that expired unexercised, and additional valuation allowance.

2018


allowance. The income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2021was driven by discrete tax expense recorded for income tax reserves of approximately $58,900.

Note 13.11. Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Effective October 29, 2021, each share of the Company's Class A common stock and each share of the Company's Class B common stock automatically converted into 1 share of common stock of the Company. Following the conversion, the Company has only 1 class of common stock outstanding. Prior to that, our common stock had a dual class structure, consisting of Class A common stock and Class B common stock. Other than voting rights, the Class B common stock had the same rights as the Class A common stock, and therefore both were treated as the same class of stock for purposes of the earnings per share calculation. Laureate computes basic earnings per share (EPS) by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the reporting period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that would occur if share-based compensation awards contingently issuable shares, or convertible securities were exercised or converted into common stock. To calculate the diluted EPS, the basic weighted average number of shares is increased by the dilutive effect of stock options, restricted stock restricted stock units, and any contingently issuable sharesother share-based compensation arrangements determined using the treasury stock method, and any convertible securities using the if-converted method.

The following tables summarize the computations of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share:
For the three months ended June 30,20222021
Numerator used in basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share for continuing operations:
Income (loss) from continuing operations$39,414 $(115,885)
(Income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests(136)
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Laureate Education, Inc.39,278 (115,883)
Accretion of redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests and equity— (68)
Net income (loss) from continuing operations for basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share$39,278 $(115,951)
Numerator used in basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share for discontinued operations:
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax$4,145 $86,661 
Loss attributable to noncontrolling interests— 222 
Net income from discontinued operations for basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share$4,145 $86,883 
Denominator used in basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share:
Basic weighted average shares outstanding167,119 191,990 
Dilutive effect of stock options224 — 
Dilutive effect of restricted stock units120 — 
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding167,463 191,990 
Basic earnings (loss) per share:
Income (loss) from continuing operations$0.24 $(0.60)
Income from discontinued operations0.02 0.45 
Basic earnings (loss) per share$0.26 $(0.15)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Income (loss) from continuing operations$0.23 $(0.60)
Income from discontinued operations0.02 0.45 
Diluted earnings (loss) per share$0.25 $(0.15)
For the three months ended June 30,20232022
Numerator used in basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share for continuing operations:
Income from continuing operations$60,350 $39,414 
Income attributable to noncontrolling interests(136)(136)
Net income from continuing operations for basic and diluted earnings per share$60,214 $39,278 
Numerator used in basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share for discontinued operations:
Net (loss) income from discontinued operations for basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share$(4,037)$4,145 
Denominator used in basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share:
Basic weighted average shares outstanding157,185 167,119 
Dilutive effect of stock options217 224 
Dilutive effect of restricted stock units182 120 
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding157,584 167,463 
Basic earnings (loss) per share:
Income from continuing operations$0.38 $0.24 
(Loss) income from discontinued operations(0.03)0.02 
Basic earnings per share$0.35 $0.26 
Diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Income from continuing operations$0.38 $0.23 
(Loss) income from discontinued operations(0.03)0.02 
Diluted earnings per share$0.35 $0.25 

2119


For the six months ended June 30,20222021
Numerator used in basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share for continuing operations:
Loss from continuing operations$(6,001)$(280,410)
Loss attributable to noncontrolling interests333 27 
Loss from continuing operations attributable to Laureate Education, Inc.(5,668)(280,383)
Accretion of redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests and equity— (88)
Net loss from continuing operations for basic and diluted loss per share$(5,668)$(280,471)
Numerator used in basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share for discontinued operations:
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax$4,880 $86,243 
Loss attributable to noncontrolling interests— 212 
Net income from discontinued operations for basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share$4,880 $86,455 
Denominator used in basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share:
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding172,511 196,085 
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Loss from continuing operations$(0.03)$(1.43)
Income from discontinued operations0.03 0.44 
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share$— $(0.99)
For the six months ended June 30,20232022
Numerator used in basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share for continuing operations:
Income (loss) from continuing operations$33,602 $(6,001)
Loss attributable to noncontrolling interests19 333 
Net income (loss) from continuing operations for basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share$33,621 $(5,668)
Numerator used in basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share for discontinued operations:
Net (loss) income from discontinued operations for basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share$(4,051)$4,880 
Denominator used in basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share:
Basic weighted average shares outstanding157,191 172,511 
Dilutive effect of stock options210 — 
Dilutive effect of restricted stock units195 — 
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding157,596 172,511 
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Income (loss) from continuing operations$0.21 $(0.03)
(Loss) income from discontinued operations(0.03)0.03 
Basic and diluted earnings per share$0.18 $— 

The following table summarizes the number of stock options and shares of restricted stock units that were excluded from the diluted EPS calculations because the effect would have been antidilutive:
For the three months ended June 30,For the six months ended June 30,For the three months ended June 30,For the six months ended June 30,
20222021202220212023202220232022
Stock optionsStock options59 3,256 1,277 3,324 Stock options— 59 — 1,277 
Restricted stock unitsRestricted stock units277 776 714 688 Restricted stock units107 277 101 714 

Note 14.12. Legal and Regulatory Matters

Laureate is subject to legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. In management’s opinion, we have adequate legal defenses, insurance coverage, and/or accrued liabilities with respect to the eventuality of these actions. Management believes that any settlement would not have a material impact on Laureate’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Our institutions are subject to uncertain and varying laws and regulations, and any changes to these laws or regulations or their application to us may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. ThereExcept as set forth below, there have been no material changes to the laws and regulations affecting our higher education institutions that are described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.2022.

Peru Regulation

Superintendencia Nacional de Educación Superior Universitaria (“SUNEDU”), the regulatory agency that supervises university standards and quality in Peru, is currently reviewing all regulations applicable to universities, with new regulations expected to be announced during 2023.This follows the appointment of new members to the board of SUNEDU in the first quarter of 2023 in connection with the implementation of the July 2022 law that modified SUNEDU’s board representation and authority.

On March 30, 2023, Cibertec, the Company’s technical-vocational institute, was granted a higher education colleges license for a six-year period. This license will now allow Cibertec to offer four-year programs for professional bachelor degrees.
22
20



Note 15.13. Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Reconciliation of Cash and cash equivalents and Restricted cash

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheets, as well as the June 30, 20212022 balance. The June 30, 20222023 and June 30, 20212022 balances sum to the amounts shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 2021:2022:
June 30, 2022June 30, 2021December 31, 2021June 30, 2023June 30, 2022December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$156,909 $427,142 $324,801 Cash and cash equivalents$111,650 $156,909 $85,167 
Restricted cashRestricted cash20,192 106,770 20,774 Restricted cash8,853 20,192 8,617 
Total Cash and cash equivalents and Restricted cash shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash FlowsTotal Cash and cash equivalents and Restricted cash shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows$177,101 $533,912 $345,575 Total Cash and cash equivalents and Restricted cash shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows$120,503 $177,101 $93,784 

Restricted cash represents cash that is not immediately available for use in current operations and primarily includes cash held to collateralize standby letters of credit.

Note 16. Subsequent Events

Spanish Tax Audits-Spanish Supreme Court Appeal

As previously reported, during the third quarter of 2021, both the Company and the Spanish Taxing Authority (STA) appealed the Spanish National Court’s decision regarding the STA’s audits of Iniciativas Culturales de España, S.L. (ICE), our former Spanish holding company, for the fiscal years 2006-2007 and 2008-2010.

In July 2022, the Spanish Supreme Court decided not to admit the Company’s appeal. However, the Spanish Supreme Court has decided to admit the STA’s appeal, which the Company believes will provide resolution of the same issues raised in the Company’s appeal. The Company does not expect that this matter will have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.operations.

2321


Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this Form 10-Q) contains “forward-looking“forward‑looking statements” within the meaning of the federal securities laws, which involve risks and uncertainties. You can identify forward-lookingforward‑looking statements because they contain words such as “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “seeks,” “approximately,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates” or “anticipates” or similar expressions that concern our strategy, plans or intentions. All statements we make relating to estimated and projected earnings, costs, expenditures, cash flows, growth rates and financial results, and all statements we make relating to (i) our current growth strategy and other future plans, strategies or transactions that may be identified, explored or implemented and any litigation or dispute resulting from any completed transaction (ii) any anticipated share repurchases or cash distributions, and (iii) the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business or the global economy as a whole are forward‑lookingforward-looking statements. In addition, we, through our senior management, from time to time make forward‑looking public statements concerning our expected future operations and performance and other developments. All of these forward‑looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may change at any time, including with respect to our current growth strategy and the impact of any completed divestiture or separation transaction on our remaining businesses. Accordingly, our actual results may differ materially from those we expected. We derive most of our forward‑looking statements from our operating budgets and forecasts, which are based upon many detailed assumptions. While we believe that our assumptions are reasonable, we caution that it is very difficult to predict the impact of known factors, and, of course, it is impossible for us to anticipate all factors that could affect our actual results. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations, including, without limitation, in conjunction with the forward-looking statements and risk factor included in this Form 10-Q, are disclosed in “Item 1—Business,” and “Item 1A—Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 20212022 (the 20212022 Form 10-K). Some of the factors that we believe could affect our results include:
the risks associated with operating our portfolio of degree-granting higher education institutions in Mexico and Peru, including complex business, foreign currency, political, legal, regulatory, tax and economic risks;
our ability to maintain and, subsequently, increase tuition rates and student enrollments in our institutions;
the risks and uncertainties related to the long-term effect to the Company of the COVID-19 pandemic and any resurgence, including, but not limited to, its effect on student enrollment, tuition pricing, and collections in future periods;
our ability to effectively manage the growth of our business and increase our operating leverage;
the risks associated with maintaining the value of our brands and our reputation;
the effect of existing international and U.S. laws and regulations governing our business or changes to those laws and regulations or in their application to our business;
changes in the political, economic and business climate in the markets in which we operate;
risks of downturns in general economic conditions and in the educational services and education technology industries that could, among other things, impair our goodwill and intangible assets;
possible increased competition from other educational service providers;
market acceptance of new service offerings by us or our competitors and our ability to predict and respond to changes in the markets for our educational services;
the effect of greater than anticipated tax liabilities;
the effect on our business and results of operations from fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies;
the fluctuations in revenues due to seasonality;
the risks associated with disruptions to our computer networks and other cybersecurity incidents, including misappropriation of personal or proprietary information;
the risks and uncertainties associated with an epidemic, pandemic or other public health emergency, such as the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, including, but not limited to, effects on student enrollment, tuition pricing, and collections in future periods;
the risks associated with protests, strikes or natural or other disasters;
our ability to attract and retain key personnel;
the fluctuations in revenues due to seasonality;
our ability to maintain proper and effective internal controls necessary to produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis;
the risks associated with indebtedness and disruptions to credit and equity markets;
our focus on a specific public benefit purpose and producing a positive effect for society may negatively influence our financial performance; and
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the future trading prices of our common stock and the impact of any securities analysts’ reports on these prices.
We caution you that the foregoing list of important factors may not contain all of the material factors that are important to you. In addition, in light of these risks and uncertainties, the matters referred to in the forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q may not in fact occur. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as otherwise required by law.

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Introduction

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (the MD&A) is provided to assist readers of the financial statements in understanding the results of operations, financial condition and cash flows of Laureate Education, Inc. This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q. The consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q are presented in U.S. dollars (USD) rounded to the nearest thousand, with the amounts in MD&A rounded to the nearest tenth of a million. Therefore, discrepancies in the tables between totals and the sums of the amounts listed may occur due to such rounding. Our MD&A is presented in the following sections:

Overview;
Results of Operations;
Liquidity and Capital Resources;
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates; and
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards.

Overview

Our Business

We operate a portfolio of degree-granting higher education institutions in Mexico and Peru. Collectively, we have approximately 388,700424,400 students enrolled at five institutions in these two countries. We believe that the higher education markets in Mexico and Peru present an attractive long-term opportunity, primarily because of the large and growing imbalance between the supply and demand for affordable, quality higher education in those markets. We believe that the combination of the projected growth in the middle class, limited government resources dedicated to higher education, and a clear value proposition demonstrated by the higher earnings potential afforded by higher education, creates substantial opportunities for high-quality private institutions to meet this growing and unmet demand. By offering high-quality, outcome-focused education, we believe that we enable students to prosper and thrive in the dynamic and evolving knowledge economy. We have two reportable segments as described below. We group our institutions by geography in Mexico and Peru for reporting purposes.

COVID-19

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we transitioned the educational delivery method at all of our institutions to be online, leveraging our existing technologies and learning platforms to serve students outside of the traditional classroom setting. Face-to-face educational activities have now resumed across our campuses. We will continue to monitor the situation and adjust based on what is most appropriateAssets Held for each market. See also “Item 1A—Risk Factors—An epidemic, pandemic or other public health emergency, such as the current global coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak and the efficacy and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines in the locations in which we operate could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations” in our 2021 Form 10-K.

Discontinued OperationsSale

As a result of the strategic review first announceddiscussed in January 2020, during the third quarter of 2020, the Company completed a sale of its operations in Chile and signed agreements to sell its operations in Brazil, Australia and New Zealand, as well as Walden University in the United States. Additionally, prior to 2020, the Company had announced the divestiture of certain other subsidiaries in Europe, Asia and Central America, which has been completed. These announcements represented strategic shifts that had a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results. Accordingly, all of the divestitures that were part of these strategic shifts were accounted for as Discontinued Operations for all periods presented in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 205-20, “Discontinued Operations” (ASC 205).

All planned divestitures have now been completed, and the Company has concluded its strategic review process. The Company’s continuing operations are Mexico and Peru. All other markets have been divested (the Discontinued Operations).

The Discontinued Operations are excluded from the segment information for all periods presented, as they do not meet the criteria for a reportable segment under ASC 280, “Segment Reporting.” Unless indicated otherwise, the information in the MD&A relates to continuing operations. See also Note 3, Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale, inof our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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10-Q, the Company has undertaken a process to sell two of our subsidiaries in Mexico that operate K-12 educational programs. As such, these subsidiaries are classified as assets held for sale as of June 30, 2023. The planned sale does not represent a strategic shift and therefore does not qualify for presentation as a discontinued operation in the consolidated financial statements. The completion of the sale is not expected to have a material effect on our financial results.

Our Segments

Our segments generate revenues by providing an education that emphasizes profession-oriented fields of study with undergraduate and graduate degrees in a wide range of disciplines. Our educational offerings utilize campus-based, online and hybrid (a combination of online and in-classroom) courses and programs to deliver their curriculum. The Mexico and Peru markets are characterized by what we believe is a significant imbalance between supply and demand. The demand for higher education is large and growing and is fueled by several demographic and economic factors, including a growing middle class, global growth in services and technology-related industries and recognition of the significant personal and economic benefits gained by graduates of higher education institutions. The target demographics are primarily 18- to 24-year-olds in theboth countries in which we compete. We compete with other private higher education institutions on the basis of price, educational quality, reputation and location. We believe that we compare favorably with competitors because of our focus on quality, professional-oriented curriculum and the competitive advantages provided by our network. There are a number of private and
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public institutions in Mexico and Peru,both countries in which we operate, and it is difficult to predict how the markets will evolve and how many competitors there will be in the future. We expect competition to increase as the Mexican and Peruvian markets mature. Essentially all of our revenues were generated from private pay sources as there are no material government-sponsored loan programs in Mexico or Peru. Specifics related to both of our reportable segments are discussed below:

Private education providers in Mexico constitute 35%approximately 36% of the total higher-education market. The private sector plays a meaningful role in higher education, bridging supply and demand imbalances created by a lack of capacity at public universities. Laureate owns two nationally licensed institutions and is present throughout the country with a footprint of over 35 campuses. Students in our Mexican institutions typically finance their own education.

In Peru, private universities are increasingly providing the capacity to meet growing demand and constitute approximately 69%73% of the total higher-education market. Laureate owns three institutions in Peru.Peru, with a footprint of 19 campuses.

Corporate is a non-operating business unit whose purpose is to support operations. Its departments are responsible for establishing operational policies and internal control standards, implementing strategic initiatives, and monitoring compliance with policies and controls throughout our operations. Our Corporate segment is an internal source of capital and provides financial, human resource, information technology, insurance, legal, and tax compliance services. The Corporate segment also contains the eliminations of inter-segment revenues and expenses.

The following information for our reportable segments is presented as of June 30, 2022:2023:
InstitutionsEnrollment
2022 YTD Revenues
($ in millions)(1)
% Contribution to 2022 YTD Revenues
Mexico2182,800 $287.2 49 %
Peru3205,900 304.6 51 %
Total (1)
5388,700 $594.9 100 %
(1) Amounts related to Corporate totaled $3.2 million and are not separately presented.
InstitutionsEnrollment2023 YTD Revenues
($ in millions)
% Contribution to 2023 YTD Revenues
Mexico2205,100 $374.1 52 %
Peru3219,300 339.2 48 %
Total5424,400 $713.3 100 %

Challenges

Our operations are outside of the United States and are subject to complex business, economic, legal, regulatory, political, tax and foreign currency risks, which may be difficult to adequately address. As a result, we face risks that are inherent in international operations, including: fluctuations in exchange rates, possible currency devaluations, inflation and hyper-inflation; price controls and foreign currency exchange restrictions; potential economic and political instability in theboth countries in which we operate; expropriation of assets by local governments; key political elections and changes in government policies; multiple and possibly overlapping and conflicting tax laws; and compliance with a wide variety of foreign laws. See “Item 1A—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—We operate a portfolio of degree-granting higher education institutions in Mexico and Peru and are subject to complex business, economic, legal, political, tax and foreign currency risks, which risks may be difficult to adequately address,” in our 20212022 Form 10-K. We plan to grow our operations organically by: 1) adding new programs and course offerings, including online and hybrid offerings; 2) expanding target student demographics; and 3) increasing capacity at existing and new campus locations. Our success in growing our business will depend on the ability to anticipate and effectively manage these and other risks related to operating in various countries.

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Regulatory Environment and Other Matters

Our business is subject to varying laws and regulations based on the requirements of local jurisdictions. These laws and regulations are subject to updates and changes. We cannot predict the form of the rules that ultimately may be adopted in the future or what effects they might have on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. We will continue to develop and implement necessary changes that enable us to comply with such laws and regulations. See also “Item 1A—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—Our institutions are subject to uncertain and varying laws and regulations, and any changes to these laws or regulations or their application to us may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations,” and “Item 1—Business—Industry Regulation” in our 20212022 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion of our different regulatory environments.

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Key Business Metric

Enrollment

Enrollment is our lead revenue indicator and represents our most important non-financial metric. We define “enrollment” as the number of students registered in a course on the last day of the enrollment reporting period. New enrollments provide an indication of future revenue trends. Total enrollment is a function of continuing student enrollments, new student enrollments and enrollments from acquisitions, offset by graduations, attrition and enrollment decreases due to dispositions. Attrition is defined as a student leaving the institution before completion of the program. To minimize attrition, we have implemented programs that involve assisting students in remedial education, mentoring, counseling and student financing.

Each of our institutions has an enrollment cycle that varies by geographic region and academic program. Each institution has a “Primary Intake” period during each academic year in which the majority of the enrollment occurs. Most institutionsEach institution also have one or morehas a smaller “Secondary Intake” periods.period. Our Peruvian institutions have their Primary Intake during the first calendar quarter and a Secondary Intake during the third calendar quarter. Institutions in our Mexico segment have their Primary Intake during the third calendar quarter and a Secondary Intake during the first calendar quarter. Our institutions in Peru are generally out of session in January, February and July, while institutions in Mexico are generally out of session in May through July. Revenues are recognized when classes are in session.

Principal Components of Income Statement

Revenues

The majority of our revenue is derived from tuition and educational services. The amount of tuition generated in a given period depends on the price per credit hour and the total credit hours or price per program taken by the enrolled student population. The price per credit hour varies by program, by market and by degree level. Additionally, varying levels of discounts and scholarships are offered depending on market-specific dynamics and individual achievements of our students. Revenues are recognized net of scholarships and other discounts, refunds and waivers. In addition to tuition revenues, we generate other revenues from student fees and other education-related activities. These other revenues are less material to our overall financial results and have a tendency to trend with tuition revenues. The main drivers of changes in revenues between periods are student enrollment and price. We continually monitor market conditions and carefully adjust our tuition rates to meet local demand levels. We proactively seek the best price and content combinations to remain competitive in all the markets in which we operate.

Direct Costs

Our direct costs include labor and operating costs associated with the delivery of services to our students, including the cost of wages, payroll taxes and benefits, depreciation and amortization, rent, utilities, bad debt expenses, and marketing and promotional costs to grow future enrollments. In general, a significant portion of our direct costs tend to be variable in nature and trend with enrollment, and management continues to monitor and improve the efficiency of instructional delivery.

General and Administrative Expenses

Our general and administrative expenses primarily consist of costs associated with corporate departments, including executive management, finance, legal, business development and other departments that do not provide direct operational services.

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Factors Affecting Comparability

Foreign Exchange

While the USD is our reporting currency, our institutions are located in Mexico and Peru and operate in other functional currencies, namely the Mexican peso and Peruvian nuevo sol. We monitor the impact of foreign currency movements and the correlation between the local currency and the USD. Our revenues and expenses are generally denominated in local currency. The principal foreign exchange exposure is the risk related to the translation of revenues and expenses incurred in each country from the local currency into USD. See “Item 1A—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—Our reported revenues and earnings may be negatively affected by the strengthening of the U.S. dollar and currency exchange rates” in our 20212022 Form 10-K. In order to provide a framework for assessing how our business performed excluding the effects of foreign currency fluctuations, we present organic constant currency in our segment results, which is calculated using the change from prior-year
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average foreign exchange rates to current-year average foreign exchange rates, as applied to local-currency operating results for the current year, and then excludes the impact of other items, as described in the segmentssegments’ results.

Seasonality

Our institutions have a summer break during which classes are generally not in session and minimal revenues are recognized. In addition to the timing of summer breaks, holidays such as Easter also have an impact on our academic calendar. Operating expenses, however, do not fully correlate to the enrollment and revenue cycles, as the institutions continue to incur expenses during summer breaks. Given the geographic diversity of our institutions and differences in timing of summer breaks, our second and fourth quarters are stronger revenue quarters as the majority of our institutions are in session for most of these respective quarters. Our first and third fiscal quarters are weaker revenue quarters because our institutions have summer breaks for some portion of one of these two quarters. However, our primary enrollment intakes occur during the first and third quarters. Due to this seasonality, revenues and profits in any one quarter are not necessarily indicative of results in subsequent quarters and may not be correlated to new enrollment in any one quarter. Additionally, seasonality may be affected due to other events that could change the academic calendar at our institutions. See “Item 1A—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—We experience seasonal fluctuations in our results of operations” in our 20212022 Form 10-K.

Income Tax Expense

Our consolidated income tax provision is derived based on the combined impact of federal, state and foreign income taxes. Also, discrete items can arise in the course of our operations that can further impact the Company’s effective tax rate for the period. Our tax rate fluctuates from period to period due to changes in the mix of earnings between our tax-paying entities and our loss-making entities for which it is not 'more likely than not' that a tax benefit will be realized on the loss. See “Item 1A—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—We may have exposure to greater-than-anticipated tax liabilities” in our 20212022 Form 10-K.

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Results from the Discontinued Operations

The results of operations ofOrganization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has proposed changes to numerous long-standing tax principles. These proposals, if finalized and adopted by its member countries, will likely increase tax uncertainty, and may adversely affect our Discontinued Operationsprovision for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:
For the three months endedFor the six months ended
June 30,June 30,
(in millions)2022202120222021
Revenues$— $232.1 $— $471.9 
Share-based compensation expense— (0.6)— (0.8)
Other direct costs— (171.5)— (372.7)
Loss on impairment of assets— (0.2)— (1.3)
Other non-operating expense— (4.4)— (15.6)
Gain on sale of discontinued operations before taxes, net4.1 30.1 4.9 13.3 
Pretax income of discontinued operations4.1 85.6 4.9 94.8 
Income tax benefit (expense)— 1.1 — (8.6)
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax$4.1 $86.7 $4.9 $86.2 

We completed all of our planned divestitures in 2021. Our remaining operations are included in continuing operations.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2022

During the second quarter of 2022, we completed the transfer of the remaining assets and liabilities that were classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2021, which relatedincome taxes. The Company will continue to monitor regulatory developments to assess potential impacts to the divestiture of our operations in Chile. This resulted in a gain of approximately $4.3 million.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2021

On March 8, 2021, we sold our operations in Honduras, which resulted in an after-tax loss of $1.7 million, including a working capital adjustment during the second quarter of 2021.

On January 25, 2018, we completed the sale of LEI Lie Ying Limited in China. At the closing of the sale, a portion of the total transaction value was paid into an escrow account, to be distributed to the Company pursuant to the terms and conditions of the escrow agreement. During the first quarter of 2021, the Company adjusted the final receivable balance from the escrow account of 168.3 million Hong Kong Dollars (approximately $21.7 million at the date of receipt in April 2021), which resulted in a pre-tax gain of approximately $13.6 million.

During the first quarter of 2021, we recorded a loss of approximately $32.4 million in order to adjust the carrying value of our Brazil disposal group to its estimated fair value less costs to sell as of March 31, 2021. This loss is included in Gain on sale of discontinued operations before taxes, net.

On May 28, 2021, we completed the sale of our operations in Brazil, which resulted in pre-tax gain of $27.5 million.Company.

Results of Operations

The following discussion of the results of our operations is organized as follows:

Summary Comparison of Consolidated Results;
Non-GAAP Financial Measure; and
Segment Results.

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Summary Comparison of Consolidated Results

Discussion of Significant Items Affecting the Consolidated Results for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021

In March 2021, the Company decided that, during 2021, it would wind down certain support functions related to the Laureate network and would no longer invest in and support the Laureate tradename beyond 2021. As a result, the Company tested the asset for impairment and estimated the fair value of the tradename asset using the relief-from-royalty method, based on the projected revenues for each business over the estimated remaining useful life of the asset. As a result of the impairment test, the Company concluded that the estimated fair value of the Laureate tradename was less than its carrying value by approximately $51.4 million and recorded an impairment charge for that amount.

During the second quarter of 2021, we fully repaid the remaining balance outstanding under our Senior Notes due 2025 using a portion of the proceeds received from the sales of our operations in Australia and New Zealand and Brazil. In connection with the debt repayment, the Company recorded a loss on debt extinguishment of $77.9 million, related to the redemption premium paid and the write off of the unamortized deferred financing costs associated with the repaid debt balances. This loss is included in other non-operating expense in the tables below.

In November 2020, in connection with the signing of the sale agreement for our Brazil operations, the Company entered into six BRL-to-USD swap agreements to mitigate the risk of foreign currency exposure on the expected proceeds from the sale. The sale of our Brazil operations closed on May 28, 2021. On June 2, 2021, the Company settled the swap agreements, which resulted in a realized loss on derivatives of $24.5 million. This loss is included in other non-operating expense in the tables below.

Comparison of Consolidated Results for the Three Months Ended June 30, 20222023 and 20212022
% Change% Change
Better/(Worse)Better/(Worse)
(in millions)(in millions)202220212022 vs. 2021(in millions)202320222023 vs. 2022
RevenuesRevenues$385.4 $327.6 18 %Revenues$462.1 $385.4 20 %
Direct costsDirect costs242.8 213.3 (14)%Direct costs294.0 242.8 (21)%
General and administrative expensesGeneral and administrative expenses15.9 49.4 68 %General and administrative expenses12.0 15.9 25 %
Loss on impairment of assetsLoss on impairment of assets— 7.2 100 %Loss on impairment of assets1.6 — nm
Operating incomeOperating income126.6 57.7 119 %Operating income154.5 126.6 22 %
Interest expense, net of interest incomeInterest expense, net of interest income(2.5)(13.0)81 %Interest expense, net of interest income(4.1)(2.5)(64)%
Other non-operating expenseOther non-operating expense(12.8)(147.3)91 %Other non-operating expense(32.5)(12.8)(154)%
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes111.4 (102.7)nm
Income from continuing operations before income taxesIncome from continuing operations before income taxes117.8 111.4 %
Income tax expenseIncome tax expense(72.0)(13.2)nmIncome tax expense(57.5)(72.0)20 %
Income (loss) from continuing operations39.4 (115.9)134 %
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax4.1 86.7 (95)%
Net income (loss)43.6 (29.2)nm
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests(0.1)0.2 150 %
Net income (loss) attributable to Laureate Education, Inc.$43.4 $(29.0)nm
Income from continuing operationsIncome from continuing operations60.4 39.4 53 %
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax(4.0)4.1 (198)%
Net incomeNet income56.3 43.6 29 %
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interestsNet income attributable to noncontrolling interests(0.1)(0.1)— %
Net income attributable to Laureate Education, Inc.Net income attributable to Laureate Education, Inc.$56.2 $43.4 29 %
nm - percentage changes not meaningful

For further details on certain discrete items discussed below, see “Discussion of Significant Items Affecting the Consolidated Results.”

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Comparison of Consolidated Results for the Three Months Ended June 30, 20222023 to the Three Months Ended June 30, 20212022

Revenues increased by $57.876.7 million to $385.4 million for the three months ended June��30, 2022 (the 2022 fiscal quarter) from $327.6$462.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 20212023 (the 20212023 fiscal quarter) from $385.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 (the 2022 fiscal quarter). This increase in revenues was largely attributable toto: (1) higher average total organic enrollment at our institutions during the 20222023 fiscal quarter, increasingwhich increased revenues by $38.0$28.2 million compared to the 20212022 fiscal quarter. Thequarter; (2) the effect of changes in tuition rates and enrollments in programs at varying price points (product mix), pricing and timing, which increased revenues by $16.4$25.7 million compared to the 20212022 fiscal quarter. Additionally,quarter; and (3) the effect of a net change in foreign currency exchange rates, which increased revenues by $3.4$24.5 million, mainly due to the strengthening of the Mexican peso against the USD compared to the 20212022 fiscal quarter. These increases in revenues were partially offset by other Corporate and Eliminations changes, which accounted for a decrease in revenues of $1.7 million.

Direct costs and general and administrative expenses combined decreasedincreased by $4.0$47.3 million to $306.0 million for the 2023 fiscal quarter from $258.7 million for the 2022 fiscal quarter from $262.7 million for the 2021 fiscal quarter. Expenses related to the Excellence-in-Process (EiP) program were $12.3 million lower in the 2022 fiscal quarter as compared to the 2021 fiscal quarter, following the completion of the EiP program in the fourth quarter of 2021. Depreciation and amortization expense was lower by $12.3 million, which was mostly attributable to the finite-lived tradename being fully amortized during 2021. In addition, Corporate and Eliminations expenses accounted for a decrease in costs of $12.0 million, driven by cost-saving initiatives. These decreasesThe increase in direct costs were partially offsetwas primarily driven by the effect of operational changes, which increased costs by $31.0 million, primarily due to the effectresult of higher enrollment at our institutions. Theinstitutions, as well as return-to-campus expenses. In addition, the effect of a net change in foreign currency exchange rates also increased costs by $1.6$19.7 million, mainly due to the strengthening of the Mexican peso against the USD compared to the 20212022 fiscal quarter. These increases in direct costs were partially offset by a decrease of $3.4 million in Corporate and Eliminations expenses.

Operating income increased by $68.9$27.9 million to $154.5 million for the 2023 fiscal quarter from $126.6 million for the 2022 fiscal quarter from $57.7 million for the 2021 fiscal quarter. OperatingThe increase in operating income increasedwas mainly driven by higher operating income at both our Peru and Mexico segments, aswhich was primarily attributable to higher revenues compared to the 20212022 fiscal quarter.

Interest expense, net of interest income decreasedincreased by $10.5$1.6 million to $4.1 million for the 2023 fiscal quarter from $2.5 million for the 2022 fiscal quarter from $13.0 million for the 2021 fiscal quarter. The decreaseincrease in interest expense was primarily attributable to lowerhigher average debt balances as a result of debt repayments.compared to the 2022 fiscal quarter.

Other non-operating expense decreasedincreased by $134.5$19.7 million to $32.5 million for the 2023 fiscal quarter from $12.8 million for the 2022 fiscal quarter from $147.3 million for the 2021 fiscal quarter. This decreaseincrease was attributable to: (1) the year-over-year effect of a higher loss on debt extinguishmentforeign currency exchange of $77.9$17.9 million during the 20212022 fiscal quarter, in connection with the repayment of the Senior Notes due 2025;mainly related to intercompany loan arrangements; (2) the year-over-year effect of a loss on derivative instruments of $53.8 million during the 2021 fiscal quarter, related to the settlement of foreign currency swap agreements in connection with the sale of our Brazilian operations; (3) higher gain on disposal of subsidiaries of $1.5 million during the 2022 fiscal quarter; (4) a lower loss onquarter, which was primarily attributable to the release of accumulated foreign currency exchangetranslation gains upon liquidation of $1.0 million duringcertain subsidiaries; and (3) the 2022 fiscal quarter; and (5) an increaseyear-over-year change in other non-operating incomeexpense of $0.3 million during the 2022 fiscal quarter.million.

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Income tax expense decreasedincreased by $58.8$14.5 million to $57.5 million for the 2023 fiscal quarter from $72.0 million for the 2022 fiscal quarter from $13.2 million for the 2021 fiscal quarter. This increase in income tax expensedecrease was primarily dueattributable to changesa change in the mix of pre-tax book income attributable to taxable and non-taxable entities in various taxingearnings among jurisdictions.

Income(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax decreasedchanged by $82.6$8.1 million to a loss of $(4.0) million for the 2023 fiscal quarter from income of $4.1 million for the 2022 fiscal quarter. This change was primarily attributable to changes in estimates during the 2023 fiscal quarter regarding the realizability of certain receivables from $86.7 million forprevious divestitures, combined with the 2021year-over-year impact of a gain recognized during the 2022 fiscal quarter. See Overview for further detail on resultsquarter upon completion of the Discontinued Operations.transfer of certain leases related to our former operations in Chile.

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Summary Comparison of Consolidated Results


Comparison of Consolidated Results for the Six Months Ended June 30, 20222023 and 20212022
% Change% Change
Better/(Worse)Better/(Worse)
(in millions)(in millions)202220212022 vs. 2021(in millions)202320222023 vs. 2022
RevenuesRevenues$594.9 $522.3 14 %Revenues$713.3 $594.9 20 %
Direct costsDirect costs425.7 395.2 (8)%Direct costs519.3 425.7 (22)%
General and administrative expensesGeneral and administrative expenses33.4 92.0 64 %General and administrative expenses22.3 33.4 33 %
Loss on impairment of assetsLoss on impairment of assets0.1 63.9 100 %Loss on impairment of assets1.6 0.1 nm
Operating income (loss)135.7 (28.7)nm
Operating incomeOperating income170.1 135.7 25 %
Interest expense, net of interest incomeInterest expense, net of interest income(4.2)(35.9)88 %Interest expense, net of interest income(8.0)(4.2)(90)%
Other non-operating expenseOther non-operating expense(17.6)(89.8)80 %Other non-operating expense(60.9)(17.6)nm
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net income of affiliates113.9 (154.4)174 %
Income from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net income of affiliatesIncome from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net income of affiliates101.3 113.9 (11)%
Income tax expenseIncome tax expense(119.9)(126.0)%Income tax expense(67.7)(119.9)44 %
Equity in net income of affiliates, net of taxEquity in net income of affiliates, net of tax0.1 — nmEquity in net income of affiliates, net of tax— 0.1 (100)%
Loss from continuing operations(6.0)(280.4)98 %
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax4.9 86.2 (94)%
Net loss(1.1)(194.2)99 %
Income (loss) from continuing operationsIncome (loss) from continuing operations33.6 (6.0)nm
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax(4.1)4.9 (184)%
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)29.6 (1.1)nm
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interestsNet loss attributable to noncontrolling interests0.3 0.2 (50)%Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests— 0.3 100 %
Net loss attributable to Laureate Education, Inc.$(0.8)$(193.9)100 %
Net income (loss) attributable to Laureate Education, Inc.Net income (loss) attributable to Laureate Education, Inc.$29.6 $(0.8)nm
nm - percentage changes not meaningful

For further details on certain discrete items discussed below, see “Discussion of Significant Items Affecting the Consolidated Results.”

Comparison of Consolidated Results for the Six Months Ended June 30, 20222023 to the Six Months Ended June 30, 20212022

Revenues increased by $72.6118.4 million to $713.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 (the 2023 fiscal period) from $594.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 (the 2022 fiscal period) from $522.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 (the 2021 fiscal period). AverageThis increase was attributable to: (1) higher average total organic enrollment was higher at our institutions, increasingwhich increased revenues by $63.0$47.3 million compared to the 2021 fiscal period. The effect of product mix, pricing and timing increased revenues by $9.3 million for the 2022 fiscal period. In addition,period; (2) the effect of a net change in foreign currency exchange rates, which increased revenues by $0.5$41.4 million, mostly driven by the strengthening of the Mexican peso against the USD compared to the 20212022 fiscal period; and (3) the effect of product mix, pricing and timing, which increased revenues by $32.9 million for the 2023 fiscal period. OtherThese increases in revenues were partially offset by other Corporate and Eliminations changes, which accounted for a decrease in revenues of $0.2$3.2 million.

Direct costs and general and administrative expenses combined decreasedincreased by $28.1$82.5 million to $541.6 million for the 2023 fiscal period from $459.1 million for the 2022 fiscal period from $487.2period. The effect of operational changes mostly attributable to the effect of higher enrollments at our institutions as well as return-to-campus expenses, increased direct costs by $60.0 million forcompared to the 20212022 fiscal period. This decreaseAdditionally, the effect of a net change in foreign currency exchange rates increased costs by $32.0 million compared to the 2022 fiscal period. These increases in direct costs was primarily related to: (1) lower EiP implementation expense of $26.7 million in the 2022 fiscal period following the completion of our EiP program in 2021; (2) lower depreciation and amortization expense of $20.2 million mainly drivenwere partially offset by the full amortization of the finite-lived tradename in 2021; (3) Otherother Corporate and Eliminations expenses, which accounted for a decrease in costs of $17.8$9.5 million in the 20222023 fiscal period, related to cost-reduction efforts; (4) a period-over-period decrease in direct costs of $13.3 million from changes in acquisition-related contingent liabilities for taxes other-than-income tax, net of changes in indemnification assets; and (5) the effect of a net change in foreign currency exchange rates, which decreased costs by $2.4 million. These decreases in direct costs were partially offset by the effect of operational changes, which increased direct costs by $52.3 million, mostly attributable to our Peru segment.period.

Operating income (loss) changedincreased by $164.4$34.4 million to an income of$170.1 million for the 2023 fiscal period from $135.7 million for the 2022 fiscal period from a loss of $(28.7) million for the 2021 fiscal period. This changeincrease was primarily a result of the impairment loss related to the Laureate tradename impairment that was recognized during the 2021 fiscal period, combined with higher operating income at our Mexico and Peru segments duringsegment, combined with lower operating costs at Corporate, as compared to the 2022 fiscal period.
28



Interest expense, net of interest income decreasedincreased by $31.7$3.8 million to $8.0 million for the 2023 fiscal period from $4.2 million for the 2022 fiscal period from $35.9 million for the 2021 fiscal period. The decreaseincrease in interest expense was primarily attributable to lowerhigher average debt balances as a result of debt repayments.compared to the 2022 fiscal period.

32


Other non-operating expense decreasedincreased by $72.2$43.3 million to $60.9 million for the 2023 fiscal period from $17.6 million for the 2022 fiscal period from $89.8 million for the 2021 fiscal period. This changeincrease was attributable to: (1) the year-over-year effect ofto a higher loss on debt extinguishmentforeign currency exchange of $77.9$43.2 million duringcompared to the 2021 fiscal quarter in connection with the repayment of the Senior Notes due 2025; (2) a loss on derivative instruments of $24.5 million during the 20212022 fiscal period, driven by settlement of foreign currency swap agreements in connection with the sale of our Brazilian operations; and (3) highermainly related to intercompany loan arrangements. Additionally, gain on disposal of subsidiaries, which was primarily attributable to the release of $1.5accumulated foreign currency translation gains upon liquidation of certain subsidiaries, was lower by $1.2 million during the 20222023 fiscal period. These decreasesincreases in other non-operating expense were partially offset by a loss on foreign currency exchange in the 2022 fiscal period, compared to a gain in the 2021 fiscal period, for a change of $30.8 million and the period-over-period effect ofchange in other non-operating expenseincome of $0.9$1.1 million during the 20222023 fiscal period.

Income tax expense decreased by $6.1$52.2 million to $67.7 million for the 2023 fiscal period from $119.9 million for the 2022 fiscal period from $126.0 million for the 2021 fiscal period. This decrease was primarily attributable to discrete tax expense recorded during the 2021 fiscal period of approximately $58.9 million for increases to income tax reserves, partially offset by a discrete tax expense recorded during the 2022 fiscal period of approximately $32.5 million for additions to income tax reserves.reserves related to the application of the high-tax exception to global intangible low-taxed income. The remaining difference was primarily attributable to the change in pretax earnings.

Income(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax decreasedchanged by $81.3$9.0 million to a loss of $(4.1) million for the 2023 fiscal period from income of $4.9 million for the 2022 fiscal periodperiod. This change was attributable to changes in estimates during the 2023 fiscal quarter regarding the realizability of certain receivables from $86.2 million forprevious divestitures, combined with the 2021year-over-year impact of a gain recognized during the 2022 fiscal period. See Overview for further detail on resultsquarter upon completion of the Discontinued Operations.transfer of certain leases related to our former operations in Chile.

Non-GAAP Financial Measure

We define Adjusted EBITDA as income (loss) from continuing operations, before equity in net (income) loss of affiliates, net of tax, income tax expense (benefit), (gain) loss on disposal of subsidiaries, net, foreign currency exchange (gain) loss, net, other (income) expense, net, loss (gain) on derivatives, loss on debt extinguishment, interest expense and interest income, plus depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation expense, loss on impairment of assets and expenses related to our Excellence-in-Process (EiP) initiative. Adjusted EBITDA is used in addition to and in conjunction with results presented in accordance with GAAP and should not be relied upon to the exclusion of GAAP financial measures.

Adjusted EBITDA is a key measure used by our management and Board of Directors to understand and evaluate our core operating performance and trends, to prepare and approve our annual budget and to develop short- and long-term operational plans. In particular, the exclusion of certain expenses in calculating Adjusted EBITDA can provide a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our core business. Additionally, Adjusted EBITDA is a key financial measure used by the compensation committee of our Board of Directors and our Chief Executive Officer in connection with the payment of incentive compensation to our executive officers and other members of our management team. Accordingly, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results in the same manner as our management and Board of Directors.

3329


The following table presents Adjusted EBITDA and reconciles income (loss) from continuing operations to Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended June 30, 20222023 and 2021:2022:
% Change% Change
 Better/(Worse) Better/(Worse)
(in millions)(in millions)202220212022 vs. 2021(in millions)202320222023 vs. 2022
Income (loss) from continuing operations$39.4 $(115.9)134 %
Income from continuing operationsIncome from continuing operations$60.4 $39.4 53 %
Plus:Plus:Plus:
Income tax expenseIncome tax expense72.0 13.2 nmIncome tax expense57.5 72.0 20 %
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes111.4 (102.7)nm
Income from continuing operations before income taxesIncome from continuing operations before income taxes117.8 111.4 %
Plus:Plus:Plus:
Gain on disposal of subsidiaries, net(1.5)— nm
Income on disposal of subsidiaries, netIncome on disposal of subsidiaries, net— (1.5)(100)%
Foreign currency exchange loss, netForeign currency exchange loss, net14.5 15.5 %Foreign currency exchange loss, net32.4 14.5 (123)%
Other (income) loss, net(0.2)0.1 nm
Loss on derivatives— 53.8 100 %
Loss on debt extinguishment— 77.9 100 %
Other loss (income), netOther loss (income), net0.1 (0.2)(150)%
Interest expenseInterest expense4.2 13.5 69 %Interest expense6.1 4.2 (45)%
Interest incomeInterest income(1.7)(0.5)nmInterest income(2.0)(1.7)18 %
Operating incomeOperating income126.6 57.7 119 %Operating income154.5 126.6 22 %
Plus:Plus:Plus:
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization14.8 27.0 45 %Depreciation and amortization17.3 14.8 (17)%
EBITDAEBITDA141.4 84.7 67 %EBITDA171.8 141.4 21 %
Plus:Plus:Plus:
Share-based compensation expense (a)
Share-based compensation expense (a)
2.4 2.6 %
Share-based compensation expense (a)
2.0 2.4 17 %
Loss on impairment of assets (b)
Loss on impairment of assets (b)
— 7.2 100 %
Loss on impairment of assets (b)
1.6 — nm
EiP implementation expenses (c)
EiP implementation expenses (c)
0.3 12.6 98 %
EiP implementation expenses (c)
— 0.3 100 %
Adjusted EBITDAAdjusted EBITDA$144.1 $107.1 35 %Adjusted EBITDA$175.4 $144.1 22 %
nm - percentage changes not meaningful

(a) Represents non-cash, share-based compensation expense pursuant to the provisions of ASC 718, “Stock Compensation.”
(b) Represents non-cash charges related to impairments of long-lived assets.
(c) EiP implementation expenses are related to our enterprise-wide initiative to optimize and standardize Laureate’s processes, creating vertical integration of procurement, information technology, finance, accounting and human resources. It included the establishment of regional shared services organizations (SSOs), as well as improvements to the Company's system of internal controls over financial reporting. The EiP initiative also included other back- and mid-office areas, as well as certain student-facing activities, expenses associated with streamlining the organizational structure, an enterprise-wide program aimed at revenue growth, and certain non-recurring costs that were incurred in connection with theprevious dispositions. The EiP initiative was completed as of December 31, 2021, except for certain EiP expenses related to the run out of programs that began in prior periods.

Comparison of Depreciation and Amortization Share-based Compensation and EiP Implementation Expenses for the Three Months Ended June 30, 20222023 and 20212022

Depreciation and amortization decreasedincreased by $12.2$2.5 million to $17.3 million for the 2023 fiscal quarter from $14.8 million for the 2022 fiscal quarter from $27.0 million for the 2021 fiscal quarter. This decrease was primarily attributable to the finite-lived Laureate’s tradename, which was fully amortized in 2021. When combined with other items, this change decreased depreciation and amortization by $12.3 million. The effects of foreign currency exchange increased depreciation and amortization expense by $0.1$1.2 million for the 20222023 fiscal quarter.

Share-based compensation expense decreased Other items increased depreciation and amortization by $0.2 million to $2.4 million for the 2022 fiscal quarter from $2.6 million for the 2021 fiscal quarter.$1.3 million.

3430


EiP implementation expenses decreased by $12.3 million to $0.3 million for the 2022 fiscal quarter from $12.6 million for the 2021 fiscal quarter. This decrease resulted from the completion of our EiP program in 2021, with exception of certain EiP expenses related to the run out of programs that began in prior periods.

The following table presents Adjusted EBITDA and reconciles lossincome (loss) from continuing operations to Adjusted EBITDA for the six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 2021:2022:
% Change% Change
 Better/(Worse) Better/(Worse)
(in millions)(in millions)202220212022 vs. 2021(in millions)202320222023 vs. 2022
Loss from continuing operations$(6.0)$(280.4)98 %
Income (loss) from continuing operationsIncome (loss) from continuing operations$33.6 $(6.0)nm
Plus:Plus:Plus:
Equity in net income of affiliates, net of taxEquity in net income of affiliates, net of tax(0.1)— nmEquity in net income of affiliates, net of tax— (0.1)(100)%
Income tax expenseIncome tax expense119.9 126.0 %Income tax expense67.7 119.9 44 %
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net income of affiliates113.9 (154.4)174 %
Income from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net income of affiliatesIncome from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in net income of affiliates101.3 113.9 (11)%
Plus:Plus:Plus:
Gain on disposal of subsidiaries, netGain on disposal of subsidiaries, net(1.5)— nmGain on disposal of subsidiaries, net(0.3)(1.5)(80)%
Foreign currency exchange loss (gain), net18.1 (12.7)nm
Other expense, net1.0 — nm
Loss on derivatives— 24.5 100 %
Loss on debt extinguishment— 77.9 100 %
Foreign currency exchange loss, netForeign currency exchange loss, net61.3 18.1 nm
Other (income) expense, netOther (income) expense, net(0.1)1.0 110 %
Interest expenseInterest expense7.9 37.1 79 %Interest expense12.1 7.9 (53)%
Interest incomeInterest income(3.7)(1.2)nmInterest income(4.1)(3.7)11 %
Operating income (loss)135.7 (28.7)nm
Operating incomeOperating income170.1 135.7 25 %
Plus:Plus:Plus:
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization29.2 49.7 41 %Depreciation and amortization34.0 29.2 (16)%
EBITDAEBITDA164.9 21.0 nmEBITDA204.1 164.9 24 %
Plus:Plus:Plus:
Share-based compensation expense (a)
Share-based compensation expense (a)
5.1 4.0 (28)%
Share-based compensation expense (a)
3.1 5.1 39 %
Loss on impairment of assets (b)
Loss on impairment of assets (b)
0.1 63.9 100 %
Loss on impairment of assets (b)
1.6 0.1 nm
EiP implementation expenses (c)
EiP implementation expenses (c)
1.2 27.9 96 %
EiP implementation expenses (c)
— 1.2 100 %
Adjusted EBITDAAdjusted EBITDA$171.3 $116.8 47 %Adjusted EBITDA$208.9 $171.3 22 %
nm - percentage changes not meaningful

(a) Represents non-cash, share-based compensation expense pursuant to the provisions of ASC 718, “Stock Compensation.”
(b) Represents non-cash charges related to impairments of long-lived assets. For further details, see “Discussion of Significant Items Affecting the Consolidated Results for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021.”
(c) EiP implementation expenses arewere related to our enterprise-wide initiative to optimize and standardize Laureate’s processes, creating vertical integration of procurement, information technology, finance, accounting and human resources. It included the establishment of regional shared services organizations (SSOs), as well as improvements to the Company's system of internal controls over financial reporting. The EiP initiative also included other back- and mid-office areas, as well as certain student-facing activities, expenses associated with streamlining the organizational structure, an enterprise-wide program aimed at revenue growth, and certain non-recurring costs that were incurred in connection with theprevious dispositions. The EiP initiative was completed as of December 31, 2021, except for certain EiP expenses related to the run out of programs that began in prior periods.
35


Comparison of Depreciation and Amortization, and Share-based Compensation and EiP Implementation ExpensesExpense for the Six Months Ended June 30, 20222023 and 20212022
Depreciation and amortization decreasedincreased by $20.5$4.8 million to $34.0 million for the 2023 fiscal period from $29.2 million for the 2022 fiscal period from $49.7 million for the 2021 fiscal period. This decrease was primarily attributable to the finite-lived Laureate tradename, which was fully amortized in 2021. When combined with other items, this change decreased depreciation and amortization by $20.2 million. The effecteffects of foreign currency exchange further decreasedincreased depreciation and amortization expense by $0.3$2.0 million for the 20222023 fiscal period. Other items increased depreciation and amortization by $2.8 million.

Share-based compensation expense increaseddecreased by $1.1$2.0 million to $3.1 million for the 2023 fiscal period from $5.1 million for the 2022 fiscal period from $4.0 million for the 2021 fiscal period. The increase wasdecrease is primarily related to the accelerated vesting of unvested equity awards that occurred during the 2022 fiscal period for employees terminated in connection with the now-completed strategic review process.

EiP implementation expenses decreased by $26.7 million to $1.2 million for the 2022 fiscal period from $27.9 million for the 2021 fiscal period. The decrease resulted from the completion of our EiP program in 2021, with the exception of certain EiP expenses related to the run out of programs that began in prior periods.
31


Segment Results

We have two reportable segments: Mexico and Peru, as discussed in Overview. For purposes of the following comparison of results discussion, “segment direct costs” represent direct costs incurred by the segment as they are included in Adjusted EBITDA, such that depreciation and amortization expense, loss on impairment of assets, share-based compensation expense and our EiP implementation expenses have been excluded. Organic enrollment is based on average total enrollment for the period. For a further description of our segments, see Overview.

The following table,tables, derived from our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q, presents selected financial information of our segments:
(in millions)(in millions)% Change(in millions)% Change
Better/(Worse)Better/(Worse)
For the three months ended June 30,For the three months ended June 30,202220212022 vs. 2021For the three months ended June 30,202320222023 vs. 2022
Revenues:Revenues:Revenues:
MexicoMexico$144.7 $124.3 16 %Mexico$192.1 $144.7 33 %
PeruPeru239.2 201.7 19 %Peru270.0 239.2 13 %
CorporateCorporate1.6 1.6 — %Corporate(0.1)1.6 (106)%
Consolidated Total RevenuesConsolidated Total Revenues$385.4 $327.6 18 %Consolidated Total Revenues$462.1 $385.4 20 %
Adjusted EBITDA:Adjusted EBITDA:Adjusted EBITDA:
MexicoMexico$19.5 $17.2 13 %Mexico$38.2 $19.5 96 %
PeruPeru136.3 113.6 20 %Peru147.2 136.3 %
CorporateCorporate(11.7)(23.7)51 %Corporate(10.0)(11.7)15 %
Consolidated Total Adjusted EBITDAConsolidated Total Adjusted EBITDA$144.1 $107.1 35 %Consolidated Total Adjusted EBITDA$175.4 $144.1 22 %

(in millions)% Change
Better/(Worse)
For the six months ended June 30,202320222023 vs. 2022
Revenues:
Mexico$374.1 $287.2 30 %
Peru339.2 304.6 11 %
Corporate— 3.2 (100)%
Consolidated Total Revenues$713.3 $594.9 20 %
Adjusted EBITDA:
Mexico$87.1 $56.4 54 %
Peru140.7 140.1 — %
Corporate(19.0)(25.3)25 %
Consolidated Total Adjusted EBITDA$208.9 $171.3 22 %

3632


(in millions)% Change
Better/(Worse)
For the six months ended June 30,202220212022 vs. 2021
Revenues:
Mexico$287.2 $259.7 11 %
Peru304.6 259.2 18 %
Corporate3.2 3.4 (6)%
Consolidated Total Revenues$594.9 $522.3 14 %
Adjusted EBITDA:
Mexico$56.4 $34.5 63 %
Peru140.1 125.2 12 %
Corporate(25.3)(42.9)41 %
Consolidated Total Adjusted EBITDA$171.3 $116.8 47 %

Mexico

Financial Overview


laur-20220630_g2.jpg808                     laur-20220630_g3.jpg844

Comparison of Mexico Results for the Three Months Ended June 30, 20222023 to the Three Months Ended June 30, 20212022
(in millions)(in millions)RevenuesDirect CostsAdjusted EBITDA(in millions)RevenuesDirect CostsAdjusted EBITDA
June 30, 2021$124.3 $107.1 $17.2 
June 30, 2022June 30, 2022$144.7 $125.2 $19.5 
Organic enrollment (1)
Organic enrollment (1)
8.9 
Organic enrollment (1)
15.0 
Product mix, pricing and timing (1)
Product mix, pricing and timing (1)
11.1 
Product mix, pricing and timing (1)
10.6 
Organic constant currencyOrganic constant currency20.0 17.8 2.2 Organic constant currency25.6 11.4 14.2 
Foreign exchangeForeign exchange0.4 0.3 0.1 Foreign exchange21.8 17.3 4.5 
June 30, 2022$144.7 $125.2 $19.5 
June 30, 2023June 30, 2023$192.1 $153.9 $38.2 
(1) Organic enrollment and product mix, pricing and timing are not separable for the calculation of direct costs and therefore are combined and defined as Organic constant currency for the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA.

Revenues increased by $20.4$47.4 million, a 16%33% increase from the 20212022 fiscal quarter.
Organic enrollment increased during the fiscal quarter by 8%11%, increasing revenues by $8.9$15.0 million.
Revenues from our Mexico segment represented 38%42% of our consolidated total revenues for boththe 2023 fiscal quarter, compared to 38% for the 2022 and 2021 fiscal quarters.quarter.
Adjusted EBITDA increased by $2.3$18.7 million, a 13%96% increase from the 20212022 fiscal quarter.quarter, mainly attributable to higher revenues and favorable timing impacts, partially offset by higher costs associated with return-to-campus expenses.

37


Comparison of Mexico Results for the Six Months Ended June 30, 20222023 to the Six Months Ended June 30, 20212022
(in millions)(in millions)RevenuesDirect CostsAdjusted EBITDA(in millions)RevenuesDirect CostsAdjusted EBITDA
June 30, 2021$259.7 $225.2 $34.5 
June 30, 2022June 30, 2022$287.2 $230.8 $56.4 
Organic enrollment (1)
Organic enrollment (1)
16.3 
Organic enrollment (1)
29.4 
Product mix, pricing and timing (1)
Product mix, pricing and timing (1)
11.6 
Product mix, pricing and timing (1)
18.4 
Organic constant currencyOrganic constant currency27.9 19.8 8.1 Organic constant currency47.8 27.3 20.5 
Foreign exchangeForeign exchange(0.4)(0.9)0.5 Foreign exchange39.1 29.0 10.1 
Other (2)
Other (2)
— (13.3)13.3 
Other (2)
— (0.1)0.1 
June 30, 2022$287.2 $230.8 $56.4 
June 30, 2023June 30, 2023$374.1 $287.0 $87.1 
(1) Organic enrollment and product mix, pricing and timing are not separable for the calculation of direct costs and therefore are combined and defined as Organic constant currency for the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA.
(2) Other is composed of acquisition-related contingent liabilities for taxes other-than-income tax, net of changes in recorded indemnification assets.

33


Revenues increased by $27.5$86.9 million, an 11%a 30% increase from the 20212022 fiscal period.
Organic enrollment increased during the 20222023 fiscal period by 7%11%, increasing revenues by $16.3$29.4 million.
Revenues from our Mexico segment represented 49%52% of our consolidated total revenues for the 20222023 fiscal period, compared to 50%49% for the 20212022 fiscal period.

Adjusted EBITDA increased by $21.9$30.7 million, a 63%54% increase from the 20212022 fiscal period, which included a period-over-period benefit from the $13.3 million charge recorded during the 2021 fiscal period related to acquisition-related contingencies.mainly driven by higher revenues and favorable timing impacts, partially offset by higher costs associated with return-to-campus expenses.

Peru

Financial Overview
laur-20220630_g4.jpg1657laur-20220630_g5.jpg

1695
Comparison of Peru Results for the Three Months Ended June 30, 20222023 to the Three Months Ended June 30, 20212022
(in millions)RevenuesDirect CostsAdjusted EBITDA
June 30, 2021$201.7 $88.1 $113.6 
Organic enrollment (1)
29.1 
Product mix, pricing and timing (1)
5.4 
Organic constant currency34.5 13.6 20.9 
Foreign exchange3.0 1.2 1.8 
June 30, 2022$239.2 $102.9 $136.3 
(1) Organic enrollment and product mix, pricing and timing are not separable for the calculation of direct costs and therefore are combined and defined as Organic constant currency for the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA.

38


Revenues increased by $37.5 million, a 19% increase from the 2021 fiscal quarter.
Organic enrollment increased during the 2022 fiscal quarter by 15%, increasing revenues by $29.1 million.
Revenues from our Peru segment represented 62% of our consolidated total revenues for both the 2022 and 2021 fiscal quarters.

Adjusted EBITDA increased by $22.7 million, a 20% increase from the 2021 fiscal quarter.

Comparison of Peru Results for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 to the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
(in millions)(in millions)RevenuesDirect CostsAdjusted EBITDA(in millions)RevenuesDirect CostsAdjusted EBITDA
June 30, 2021$259.2 $134.0 $125.2 
June 30, 2022June 30, 2022$239.2 $102.9 $136.3 
Organic enrollment (1)
Organic enrollment (1)
46.7 
Organic enrollment (1)
13.2 
Product mix, pricing and timing (1)
Product mix, pricing and timing (1)
(2.2)
Product mix, pricing and timing (1)
14.9 
Organic constant currencyOrganic constant currency44.5 31.7 12.8 Organic constant currency28.1 18.7 9.4 
Foreign exchangeForeign exchange0.9 (1.2)2.1 Foreign exchange2.7 1.2 1.5 
June 30, 2022$304.6 $164.5 $140.1 
June 30, 2023June 30, 2023$270.0 $122.8 $147.2 
(1) Organic enrollment and product mix, pricing and timing are not separable for the calculation of direct costs and therefore are combined and defined as Organic constant currency for the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA.

Revenues increased by $45.4$30.8 million, an 18%a 13% increase from the 20212022 fiscal quarter.
Organic enrollment increased during the 2023 fiscal quarter by 7%, increasing revenues by $13.2 million.
Revenues from our Peru segment represented 58% of our consolidated total revenues for the 2023 fiscal quarter, compared to 62% for the 2022 fiscal quarter.

Adjusted EBITDA increased by $10.9 million, an 8% increase from the 2022 fiscal quarter, which was net of higher costs associated with return-to-campus expenses.

34



Comparison of Peru Results for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 to the Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
(in millions)RevenuesDirect CostsAdjusted EBITDA
June 30, 2022$304.6 $164.5 $140.1 
Organic enrollment (1)
17.9 
Product mix, pricing and timing (1)
14.4 
Organic constant currency32.3 33.0 (0.7)
Foreign exchange2.3 1.0 1.3 
June 30, 2023$339.2 $198.5 $140.7 
(1) Organic enrollment and product mix, pricing and timing are not separable for the calculation of direct costs and therefore are combined and defined as Organic constant currency for the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA.

Revenues increased by $34.6 million, an 11% increase from the 2022 fiscal period.
Organic enrollment increased during the 20222023 fiscal period by 19%7%, increasing revenues by $46.7$17.9 million.
Revenues from our Peru segment represented 51%48% of our consolidated total revenues for the 20222023 fiscal period compared to 50%51% for the 20212022 fiscal period.

Adjusted EBITDA increased by $14.9$0.6 million a 12% increase from the 20212022 fiscal period.period, which was net of higher costs associated with return-to-campus expenses.

Corporate

Corporate revenues primarily include ourrepresent miscellaneous other revenues, net of the elimination of intersegment revenues. In 2022, corporate revenues also included transition services agreements related to divestitures, which are expected to end in 2022.previous divestitures.

Comparison of Corporate Results for the Three Months Ended June 30, 20222023 to the Three Months Ended June 30, 20212022
% Change% Change
Better/(Worse)Better/(Worse)
(in millions)(in millions)202220212022 vs. 2021(in millions)202320222023 vs. 2022
RevenuesRevenues$1.6 $1.6 — %Revenues$(0.1)$1.6 (106)%
ExpensesExpenses13.3 25.3 47 %Expenses9.9 13.3 26 %
Adjusted EBITDAAdjusted EBITDA$(11.7)$(23.7)51 %Adjusted EBITDA$(10.0)$(11.7)15 %
Adjusted EBITDA increased by $12.0$1.7 million, a 51%15% increase from the 20212022 fiscal quarter, mainly driven by a decrease in labor costs and other professional fees related to cost-reduction efforts.quarter.

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Comparison of Corporate Results for the Six Months Ended June 30, 20222023 to the Six Months Ended June 30, 20212022
% Change% Change
Better/(Worse)Better/(Worse)
(in millions)(in millions)202220212022 vs. 2021(in millions)202320222023 vs. 2022
RevenuesRevenues$3.2 $3.4 (6)%Revenues$— $3.2 (100)%
ExpensesExpenses28.5 46.3 38 %Expenses19.0 28.5 33 %
Adjusted EBITDAAdjusted EBITDA$(25.3)$(42.9)41 %Adjusted EBITDA$(19.0)$(25.3)25 %

Adjusted EBITDA increased by $17.6$6.3 million, a 41%25% increase from the 20212022 fiscal period, mainly driven by a decrease in contract labor costsexpenses and other professional fees, related to cost-reduction efforts.as well as a reduction in IT-related costs.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity Sources

We anticipate that cash flow from operations and available cash will be sufficient to meet our current operating requirements and manage our liquidity needs for at least the next 12 months from the date of issuance of this report.

Our primary source of cash is revenue from tuition charged to students in connection with our various education program offerings. Essentially all of our revenues are generated from private pay sources as there are no material government-sponsored loan programs in Mexico or Peru. We anticipate generating sufficient cash flow from operations in theboth countries in which we operate to satisfy the working capital and financing needs of our organic growth plans for each country. If our educational institutions within one country were unable to maintain sufficient liquidity, we would consider using internal cash resources or reasonable short-term working capital facilities to accommodate any short- to medium-term shortfalls.

As of June 30, 2022,2023, our secondary source of liquidity was cash and cash equivalents of $156.9$111.7 million. Our cash accounts are maintained with high-quality financial institutions with no significant concentration in any one institution.institutions.

The Company also maintains a revolving credit facility (the Senior Secured Credit Facility) with a syndicate of financial institutions as a source of liquidity. The Senior Secured Credit Facility provides for borrowings of $410.0 million and has a maturity date of October 7, 2024. From time to time, we draw down on the revolver and, in accordance with the terms of the credit agreement, any proceeds drawn on the revolving credit facility may be used for general corporate purposes. As of June 30, 2023, the Company had borrowed $88.0 million of the $410.0 million of available capacity.

If certain conditions are satisfied, the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the Third A&R Credit Agreement) also provides for an incremental revolving and term loan facilities, at the request of the Company, not to exceed (i) the greater of (a) $565.0 million and (b) 100% of the consolidated EBITDA of the Company, plus (ii) additional amounts so long as both immediately before and after giving effect to such incremental facilities the Company’s Consolidated Senior Secured Debt to Consolidated EBITDA ratio, as defined in the Third A&R Credit Agreement, on a pro forma basis, does not exceed 2.75x, plus, (iii) the aggregate amounts of any voluntary repayments of term loans, if any, and aggregate amount of voluntary repayments of revolving credit facilities that are accompanied by a corresponding termination or reduction of revolving credit commitments.

Liquidity Restrictions

Our liquidity is affected by restricted cash balances, which totaled $20.28.9 million and $20.8 million as of June 30, 20222023 and $8.6 million as of December 31, 2021, respectively.2022. Restricted cash consisted of cash equivalents held as assets for a supplemental employment retention agreement for a former executive.

Indefinite Reinvestment of Historical Foreign Earnings

We earn a significant portion of our income from subsidiaries located in countries outside the United States. As part of our business strategies, we have determined that all earnings from our foreign operations will be deemed indefinitely reinvested outside of the United States. As of June 30, 2022, $104.72023, $103.9 million of our total $156.9$111.7 million of cash and cash equivalents were held by foreign subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2021, $272.62022, $77.3 million of our total $324.8$85.2 million of cash and cash equivalents were held by foreign subsidiaries. As part of our business strategies, we have determined that the undistributed historical earnings of our foreign operations for which we have not already recorded taxes will be deemed indefinitely reinvested outside of the United States.

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Liquidity Requirements

Our short-term liquidity requirements include: funding for debt service (including finance leases); operating lease obligations; payments of deferred compensation; working capital; operating expenses; capital expenditures; and business development activities.

Long-term liquidity requirements include: payments on long-term debt (including finance leases); operating lease obligations; payments of deferred compensation; and payments of other third-party obligations.

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Debt

As of June 30, 2022,2023, our debt obligations includedconsisted of $88.0 million of borrowings under the Senior Secured Credit Facility and $63.9 million of other debt. Other debt includes lines of credit and short-term borrowing arrangements of subsidiaries and notes payable, which totaled $94.2 million.payable. In addition, our finance lease obligations and sale-leaseback financings were $44.6$58.2 million.

Senior Secured Credit Facility

As of both June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there was no balance outstanding under our Senior Secured Credit Facility.

Covenants

Under the Third A&R Credit Agreement, we are subject to a Consolidated Senior Secured Debt to Consolidated EBITDA financial maintenance covenant that applies only to the revolving credit facility (a leverage ratio covenant), as defined in the Third A&R Credit Agreement, unless certain conditions are satisfied. As of June 30, 2022,2023, those conditions were satisfied and, therefore, we were not subject to the leverage ratio.ratio covenant. The maximum ratio, as defined, is 3.50x as of the last day of each quarter commencing with the quarter ending December 31, 2019 and thereafter. In addition, indebtedness at some of our locations contain financial maintenance covenants and wecovenants. We were in compliance with those covenants as of June 30, 2022.2023.

Leases

We conduct a significant portion of our operations from leased facilities, including many of our higher education facilities and other office locations. As discussed in Note 7, Leases, inof our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q, we have significant operating lease liabilities. As of June 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, the present value of operating lease liabilities was $407.3$411.0 million and $415.3$415.9 million, respectively.

Capital Expenditures

Capital expenditures primarily consist of purchases of property and equipment. Our capital expenditure program is a component of our liquidity and capital management strategy. This program includes discretionary spending, which we can adjust in response to economic and other changes in our business environment, to grow our business through the following: (1) capacity expansion at institutions to support enrollment growth; (2) new programs and campuses for institutions in our existing markets; and (3) information technology to increase efficiency and controls. Our non-discretionary spending includes the maintenance of existing facilities. We typically fund our capital expenditures through cash flow from operations and external financing. In the event that we are unable to obtain the necessary funding for capital expenditures, our long-term growth strategy could be significantly affected. We believe that our internal sources of cash and our ability to obtain additional third-party financing, subject to market conditions, will be sufficient to fund our investing activities.

Our total capital expenditures, for our continuing and discontinued operations, excluding receipts from the sale of subsidiaries and property equipment, were $8.2$14.9 million and $25.0$8.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 2021,2022, respectively. The 67% decreaseincrease in capital expenditures was primarily due to the year-over-year effect of divestitures completedhigher spending related to return-to-campus activities as well as investment in 2021 combined with lower spendingequipment for health science programs in Mexico and Peru.

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Cash Flows

In the consolidated statements of cash flows, the changes in operating assets and liabilities are presented excluding the effects of exchange rate changes acquisitions, and reclassifications, as these effects do not represent operating cash flows. Accordingly, the amounts in the consolidated statements of cash flows do not agree with the changes of the operating assets and liabilities as presented in the consolidated balance sheets. The effects of exchange rate changes on cash are presented separately in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

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The following table summarizes our cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 20222023 and 2021:2022:
(in millions)(in millions)20222021(in millions)20232022
Cash provided by (used in):Cash provided by (used in):Cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities Operating activities$45.6 $17.9  Operating activities$78.8 $45.6 
Investing activities Investing activities2.0 650.0  Investing activities(14.5)2.0 
Financing activities Financing activities(226.2)(1,162.7) Financing activities(45.7)(226.2)
Effects of exchange rates changes on cashEffects of exchange rates changes on cash10.0 (3.4)Effects of exchange rates changes on cash8.7 10.0 
Change in cash included in current assets held for saleChange in cash included in current assets held for sale— 164.9 Change in cash included in current assets held for sale(0.6)— 
Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cashNet change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash$(168.5)$(333.4)Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash$26.7 $(168.5)

Comparison of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 20222023 to the Six Months Ended June 30, 20212022

Operating Activities
Cash provided by operating activities increased by $27.7$33.2 million to $78.8 million for the 2023 fiscal period from $45.6 million for the 2022 fiscal period from $17.9 million for the 2021 fiscal period. This increase in operating cash was primarily attributable to higher operating income, combined with the net effect of changes in operating assets and liabilities, which increased operating cash by $66.4 million compared to the 2022 fiscal period. This increase in operating cash was partially offset by an increase in cash paid for taxes of $30.3 million, from $48.5 million for the 2022 fiscal period to $78.8 million for the 2023 fiscal period, which was a result of higher tax prepayments during the 2023 fiscal period in Mexico and Peru, partially offset by tax refunds in the United States. Additionally, cash paid for interest which decreasedincreased by $48.4$2.9 million, from $56.9 million for the 2021 fiscal period to $8.5 million for the 2022 fiscal period attributable to lower$11.4 million for the 2023 fiscal period, primarily due to higher average debt balances. Additionally, cash paid for taxes decreased by $31.5 million, from $80.0 million for the 2021 fiscal period, primarily related to the payment of withholding taxes for intercompany loans that were capitalized during the 2021 fiscal period, to $48.5 million for the 2022 fiscal period. These increases in operating cash flows were partially offset by a $52.2 million decrease resulting from the net effect of changes in working capital and the divestiture of subsidiaries that, in the aggregate, contributed positive operating cash flows during the 2021 fiscal period.

Investing Activities

Cash provided byflows from investing activities decreased by $648.0$16.5 million to a cash outflow of $(14.5) million for the 2023 fiscal period from a cash inflow of $2.0 million for the 2022 fiscal period from $650.0 million for the 2021 fiscal period. This decrease in investing cash flows was attributable to lower cash receipts from the sales of Discontinued Operations and property and equipment of $715.0$9.9 million, from $725.3 million during the 2021 fiscal period (primarily for the sale of our operations in Honduras and Brazil, and the receipt of portions of the purchase prices that were withheld in connection to the 2018 sale of our China operations and the 2020 sale of our Malaysia operations) to $10.3 million, net, during the 2022 fiscal period (primarily related to the collection of certain receivables from the 2021 sale of our Brazilian operations). This decrease in investing cash flows was partially offset by payments of $50.3 to $0.4 million made during the 20212023 fiscal period for derivative instruments related to foreign exchange swap agreements associated with the sale of our Brazilian operations.period. Additionally, cash used for capital expenditures decreasedincreased by $16.8$6.6 million during the 20222023 fiscal period, as compared to the 20212022 fiscal period. Other items accountedperiod, mainly driven by higher spending related to return-to-campus activities as well as investment in equipment for the remaining difference of $0.1 million.health science programs in Mexico and Peru.

Financing Activities

Cash used in financing activities decreased by $936.5$180.5 million to $226.2$(45.7) million for the 2023 fiscal period from $(226.2) million for the 2022 fiscal period from $1,162.7 million for the 2021 fiscal period. This changedecrease in financing cash outflowoutflows was attributable to: (1) lower netto the period-over-period effect of $206.3 million of payments of long-term debt of $851.7 millionmade during the 2022 fiscal period as compared to the 2021 fiscal period, mainly driven by the 2021 repayment of the Senior Notes due 2025; (2) a period-over-period decrease of $45.1 million in the amount offor common stock repurchases; (3) payments of $33.0 million made during the 2021 fiscal period for call premiums associated with the redemption of the Senior Notes due 2025; and (4) higher proceeds from the exercise of common stock options of $11.2 million during the 2022 fiscal period. These changes were partially offset by higherrepurchases. In addition, payments of dividend equivalent rights for vested share-based awards were lower by $2.1 million for the 2023 fiscal period compared to 2022 fiscal period. These decreases in financing cash outflows were partially offset by higher net payments of $4.4long-term debt during the 2023 fiscal period of $18.4 million, duringcombined with lower proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $10.1 million compared to the 2022 fiscal period. Other items accounted for the remaining difference of $0.1$0.6 million.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Our significant accounting policies are discussed in Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, of the audited consolidated financial statements included in our 20212022 Form 10-K. Our critical accounting policies require the most significant judgments and estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. As a result, these accounting policies and estimates could materially affect our financial statements and are critical to the understanding of our results of operations and financial condition. For a complete discussion of our critical accounting policies, see the “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” section of the MD&A in our 20212022 Form 10-K. During the six months ended June 30, 2022,2023, there were no significant changes to our critical accounting policies.

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Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

None.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

For information regarding our exposure to certain market risks, see Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk, in our 20212022 Form 10-K. There have been no significant changes in our market risk exposures since our December 31, 20212022 fiscal year end.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”)(CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”)(CFO), has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)Exchange Act)), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The purpose of disclosure controls and procedures is to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our CEO and CFO, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

ThereThe Company is in the process of upgrading to a new cloud-based system for its planning and financial consolidation and close processes. This system implementation is not being made in response to any identified deficiency or weakness in our internal control over financial reporting.

Except as noted above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 20222023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Please refer to “Item 3. Legal Proceedings” in our Annual Report on2022 Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 (our “2021 Form 10-K”) for information regarding material pending legal proceedings. ThereExcept as set forth below, there have been no new material legal proceedings and no material developments in the legal proceedings previously disclosed.

As previously disclosed, our former Spanish holding company, Laureate Netherlands Holding B.V. (f/k/a Iniciativas Culturales de España, S.L.), has been subject to ongoing tax audits by the Spanish Taxing Authority (“STA”), resulting in the issuance of final assessments based on the STA’s rejection of the tax deductibility of financial expenses related to certain intercompany acquisitions. Accordingly, we have paid assessments totaling approximately $40.8 million for tax years during the period 2006 to 2015. We filed various appeals of the assessments, which have been rejected, and in June 2023, the Spanish Supreme Court ruled in the favor of the STA on its appeal regarding these issues. As a result, the Company has no further recourse with respect to the related final assessments for tax years 2006 to 2010. This ruling does not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In May 2023, we were notified by the STA that an audit of our former Spanish holding company was being initiated in relation to corporate income tax for the period from January 2018 to May 2020 and withholding on account of non-resident income tax for the period from May 2019 to May 2020. At this time we cannot predict the outcome of this matter or the impact, if any, to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 20212022 Form 10-K.10‑K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds5. Other Information

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities (amounts in table shown in thousands, except per share amounts)

The following table provides a summary of the Company’s purchases of its common stock duringDuring the three months ended June 30, 2022 pursuant to2023, none of the Company’s authorized share repurchase program:
PeriodTotal number of shares purchasedAverage price paid per shareTotal number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs
Approximate dollar value of shares yet to be purchased under the plans or programs (1)
4/1/22 - 4/30/224,401 $11.70 4,401 $42,555 
5/1/22 - 5/31/223,612 11.54 3,612 861 
6/1/22 - 6/30/22— — — 861 
Total8,013 $11.63 8,013 $861 
Company's directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), adopted, terminated or modified a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended).

(1) On March 14, 2022, the Company announced that its Board of Directors had approved an increase of$50 millionto the existing authorization to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock under its share repurchase program, for a total authorization of$650 million.


44



Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibit
No.
Exhibit Description
2.1
10.1†
31.1
31.2
32
101.INSXBRL Instance Document — the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document
101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
† Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


/s/ RICHARD M. BUSKIRK
Richard M. Buskirk
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Date: August 4, 20223, 2023

/s/ GERARD M. KNAUER
Gerard M. Knauer
Vice President, Accounting and Global Controller
Date: August 4, 20223, 2023

4641