UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
[ x ]  QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 20172018
 
OR
[   ]  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the transition period from                to                 
 
Commission File Number 000-16435
 
 
Vermont03-0284070
(State of Incorporation)(IRS Employer Identification Number)
 
4811 US Route 5, Derby, Vermont05829
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)(zip code)
  
Registrant's Telephone Number: (802) 334-7915
 
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file for such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ( X )  No (  )
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). YES ( X ) NO ( )
 
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
Large accelerated filer (  )Accelerated filer ( )
Non-accelerated filer (  ) (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)Smaller reporting company ( X )
 Emerging growth company (  )
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. (  )
1
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
YES (  )     NO(X)
 
At November 02, 2017,2018, there were 5,099,4795,156,884 shares outstanding of the Corporation's common stock.
 


 
 
FORMFORM 10-Q
Index  
  Page  
PART IFINANCIAL INFORMATION 
   
3  
31 
30  
5350  
5350  
   
PART IIOTHER INFORMATION 
   
5350  
5350  
5451  
5451  
 5552  
 5653  
 

 
2
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEMITEM 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)
 
The following are the unaudited consolidated financial statements for Community Bancorp. and Subsidiary, "the Company".the Company.
 
Community Bancorp. and Subsidiary
 
September 30,
 
 
December 31,
 
 
September 30,
 
 
September 30,
 
 
December 31,
 
 
September 30,
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
(Unaudited)
 
 
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
 $13,655,114 
 $10,943,344 
 $11,705,902 
 $11,133,208 
 $10,690,396 
 $13,655,114 
Federal funds sold and overnight deposits
  16,064,422 
  18,670,942 
  673,911 
  29,264,467 
  31,963,105 
  16,064,422 
Total cash and cash equivalents
  29,719,536 
  29,614,286 
  12,379,813 
  40,397,675 
  42,653,501 
  29,719,536 
Securities held-to-maturity (HTM) (fair value $54,571,000 at
    
09/30/17, $51,035,000 at 12/31/16 and $57,592,000 at 09/30/16)
  53,882,287 
  49,886,631 
  56,837,100 
Securities available-for-sale (AFS)
  36,719,673 
  33,715,051 
  29,412,216 
Securities held-to-maturity (fair value $50,960,000 at 09/30/18,
    
$48,796,000 at 12/31/17 and $54,571,000 at 09/30/17)
  50,801,832 
  48,824,965 
  53,882,287 
Securities available-for-sale
  38,927,383 
  38,450,653 
  36,719,673 
Restricted equity securities, at cost
  1,700,050 
  2,755,850 
  1,855,850 
  1,744,650 
  1,703,650 
  1,700,050 
Loans held-for-sale
  687,100 
  0 
  708,975 
  460,597 
  1,037,287 
  687,100 
Loans
  506,048,119 
  487,249,226 
  470,186,895 
  530,503,023 
  502,864,651 
  506,048,119 
Allowance for loan losses (ALL)
  (5,436,313)
  (5,278,445)
  (5,179,965)
Allowance for loan losses
  (5,641,227)
  (5,438,099)
  (5,436,313)
Deferred net loan costs
  318,452 
  310,130 
  312,565 
  353,548 
  318,651 
  318,452 
Net loans
  500,930,258 
  482,280,911 
  465,319,495 
  525,215,344 
  497,745,203 
  500,930,258 
Bank premises and equipment, net
  10,542,790 
  10,830,556 
  10,833,164 
  9,699,740 
  10,344,177 
  10,542,790 
Accrued interest receivable
  1,893,478 
  1,818,510 
  1,649,964 
  2,215,988 
  2,051,918 
  1,893,478 
Bank owned life insurance (BOLI)
  4,697,837 
  4,625,406 
  4,599,301 
Bank owned life insurance
  4,790,593 
  4,721,782 
  4,697,837 
Core deposit intangible
  68,166 
  272,691 
  340,861 
  0 
  68,166 
Goodwill
  11,574,269 
  11,574,269 
Other real estate owned (OREO)
  324,235 
  394,000 
  409,000 
Other real estate owned
  198,235 
  284,235 
  324,235 
Other assets
  8,799,392 
  9,885,504 
  9,870,422 
  8,473,251 
  7,653,955 
  8,799,392 
Total assets
 $661,539,071 
 $637,653,665 
 $605,790,430 
 $694,499,557 
 $667,045,595 
 $661,539,071 
    
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
    
    
Liabilities
    
    
Deposits:
    
    
Demand, non-interest bearing
 $115,930,899 
 $104,472,268 
 $101,259,470 
 $117,735,114 
 $117,245,565 
 $115,930,899 
Interest-bearing transaction accounts
  127,426,517 
  118,053,360 
  119,981,648 
  144,505,290 
  132,633,533 
  127,426,517 
Money market funds
  85,947,545 
  79,042,619 
  76,976,376 
  84,260,680 
  93,392,005 
  85,947,545 
Savings
  99,439,616 
  86,776,856 
  91,274,380 
  98,664,688 
  97,516,284 
  99,439,616 
Time deposits, $250,000 and over
  18,097,628 
  19,274,880 
  10,848,979 
  15,626,904 
  18,909,898 
  18,097,628 
Other time deposits
  109,910,115 
  97,115,049 
  103,466,053 
  124,692,046 
  100,937,695 
  109,910,115 
Total deposits
  556,752,320 
  504,735,032 
  503,806,906 
  585,484,722 
  560,634,980 
  556,752,320 
    
Borrowed funds
  3,550,000 
  31,550,000 
  5,795,000 
  1,550,000 
  3,550,000 
Repurchase agreements
  27,458,927 
  30,423,195 
  25,834,249 
  30,678,830 
  28,647,848 
  27,458,927 
Capital lease obligations
  409,147 
  483,161 
  493,810 
  296,391 
  381,807 
  409,147 
Junior subordinated debentures
  12,887,000 
  12,887,000 
Accrued interest and other liabilities
  3,260,937 
  3,123,760 
  3,129,831 
  2,710,699 
  3,008,106 
  3,260,937 
Total liabilities
  604,318,331 
  583,202,148 
  551,946,796 
  633,607,642 
  609,109,741 
  604,318,331 
    
Shareholders' Equity
    
    
Preferred stock, 1,000,000 shares authorized, 25 shares issued
    
and outstanding ($100,000 liquidation value)
  2,500,000 
Preferred stock, 1,000,000 shares authorized, 20 and 25 shares
    
issued and outstanding in 2018 and 2017, respectively
    
($100,000 liquidation value)
  2,000,000 
  2,500,000 
Common stock - $2.50 par value; 15,000,000 shares authorized,
    
    
5,310,776 shares issued at 09/30/17, 5,269,053 shares issued
    
at 12/31/16 and 5,253,090 shares issued at 09/30/16
  13,276,940 
  13,172,633 
  13,132,725 
5,367,359 shares issued at 09/30/18, 5,322,320 shares issued
    
at 12/31/17 and 5,310,776 shares issued at 09/30/17
  13,418,398 
  13,305,800 
  13,276,940 
Additional paid-in capital
  31,434,250 
  30,825,658 
  30,639,268 
  32,303,813 
  31,639,189 
  31,434,250 
Retained earnings
  12,711,488 
  10,666,782 
  9,991,842 
  16,745,737 
  13,387,739 
  12,711,488 
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income
  (79,161)
  (90,779)
  202,576 
Less: treasury stock, at cost; 210,101 shares at 09/30/17,
    
12/31/16, and 09/30/16
  (2,622,777)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
  (953,256)
  (274,097)
  (79,161)
Less: treasury stock, at cost; 210,101 shares at 09/30/18,
    
12/31/17 and 09/30/17
  (2,622,777)
Total shareholders' equity
  57,220,740 
  54,451,517 
  53,843,634 
  60,891,915 
  57,935,854 
  57,220,740 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
 $661,539,071 
 $637,653,665 
 $605,790,430 
 $694,499,557 
 $667,045,595 
 $661,539,071 
    
    
Book value per common share outstanding
 $10.73 
 $10.27 
 $10.18 
 $11.42 
 $10.84 
 $10.73 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
 
3

 
Community Bancorp. and Subsidiary
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Consolidated Statements of Income
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest and fees on loans
 $6,244,899 
 $5,732,855 
 $6,835,452 
 $6,244,899 
Interest on debt securities
    
    
Taxable
  171,880 
  128,767 
  228,497 
  171,880 
Tax-exempt
  332,102 
  339,999 
  330,962 
  332,102 
Dividends
  41,320 
  49,429 
  36,587 
  41,320 
Interest on federal funds sold and overnight deposits
  29,964 
  3,048 
  85,524 
  29,964 
Total interest income
  6,820,165 
  6,254,098 
  7,517,022 
  6,820,165 
    
    
Interest expense
    
    
Interest on deposits
  628,534 
  504,170 
  920,361 
  628,534 
Interest on borrowed funds
  12,213 
  53,404 
  65,074 
  12,213 
Interest on repurchase agreements
  20,564 
  18,820 
  60,049 
  20,564 
Interest on junior subordinated debentures
  134,881 
  115,349 
  174,661 
  134,881 
Total interest expense
  796,192 
  691,743 
  1,220,145 
  796,192 
    
    
Net interest income
  6,023,973 
  5,562,355 
  6,296,877 
  6,023,973 
Provision for loan losses
  150,000 
  210,000 
  150,000 
Net interest income after provision for loan losses
  5,873,973 
  5,412,355 
  6,086,877 
  5,873,973 
    
    
Non-interest income
    
    
Service fees
  773,419 
  719,341 
  820,956 
  773,419 
Income from sold loans
  185,844 
  230,623 
  212,105 
  185,844 
Other income from loans
  222,026 
  209,882 
  232,485 
  222,026 
Net realized gain on sale of securities available-for-sale
  1,246 
  0 
Net realized (loss) gain on sale of securities AFS
  (9,741)
  1,246 
Other income
  266,712 
  323,674 
  286,988 
  266,712 
Total non-interest income
  1,449,247 
  1,483,520 
  1,542,793 
  1,449,247 
    
    
Non-interest expense
    
    
Salaries and wages
  1,653,751 
  1,725,000 
  1,730,386 
  1,653,751 
Employee benefits
  682,944 
  679,762 
  695,735 
  682,944 
Occupancy expenses, net
  614,817 
  605,378 
  629,389 
  614,817 
Other expenses
  1,890,604 
  1,780,363 
  1,818,822 
  1,890,604 
Total non-interest expense
  4,842,116 
  4,790,503 
  4,874,332 
  4,842,116 
    
    
Income before income taxes
  2,481,104 
  2,105,372 
  2,755,338 
  2,481,104 
Income tax expense
  688,155 
  589,472 
  485,606 
  688,155 
Net income
 $1,792,949 
 $1,515,900 
 $2,269,732 
 $1,792,949 
    
    
Earnings per common share
 $0.35 
 $0.30 
 $0.44 
 $0.35 
Weighted average number of common shares
    
    
used in computing earnings per share
  5,091,283 
  5,032,156 
  5,146,817 
  5,091,283 
Dividends declared per common share
 $0.17 
 $0.16 
 $0.19 
 $0.17 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
4

 
Community Bancorp. and Subsidiary
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
Consolidated Statements of Income
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest and fees on loans
 $17,737,531 
 $16,582,276 
 $19,363,489 
 $17,737,531 
Interest on debt securities
    
    
Taxable
  488,250 
  384,413 
  652,398 
  488,250 
Tax-exempt
  992,831 
  942,246 
  953,606 
  992,831 
Dividends
  117,979 
  108,141 
  96,135 
  117,979 
Interest on federal funds sold and overnight deposits
  84,802 
  18,654 
  257,091 
  84,802 
Total interest income
  19,421,393 
  18,035,730 
  21,322,719 
  19,421,393 
    
    
Interest expense
    
    
Interest on deposits
  1,734,432 
  1,529,465 
  2,326,812 
  1,734,432 
Interest on borrowed funds
  92,492 
  106,807 
  90,199 
  92,492 
Interest on repurchase agreements
  64,326 
  56,125 
  128,896 
  64,326 
Interest on junior subordinated debentures
  388,855 
  339,603 
  481,486 
  388,855 
Total interest expense
  2,280,105 
  2,032,000 
  3,027,393 
  2,280,105 
    
    
Net interest income
  17,141,288 
  16,003,730 
  18,295,326 
  17,141,288 
Provision for loan losses
  450,000 
  400,000 
  570,000 
  450,000 
Net interest income after provision for loan losses
  16,691,288 
  15,603,730 
  17,725,326 
  16,691,288 
    
    
Non-interest income
    
    
Service fees
  2,293,773 
  1,992,560 
  2,401,769 
  2,293,773 
Income from sold loans
  560,210 
  683,114 
  586,434 
  560,210 
Other income from loans
  616,931 
  616,473 
  643,107 
  616,931 
Net realized gain on sale of securities available-for-sale
  4,647 
  0 
Net realized (loss) gain on sale of securities AFS
  (19,977)
  4,647 
Other income
  725,635 
  747,923 
  1,017,292 
  725,635 
Total non-interest income
  4,201,196 
  4,040,070 
  4,628,625 
  4,201,196 
    
    
Non-interest expense
    
    
Salaries and wages
  5,068,626 
  5,175,000 
  5,260,388 
  5,068,626 
Employee benefits
  2,016,923 
  2,049,926 
  2,092,039 
  2,016,923 
Occupancy expenses, net
  1,963,543 
  1,857,482 
  1,961,859 
  1,963,543 
Other expenses
  5,416,710 
  5,065,565 
  5,395,138 
  5,416,710 
Total non-interest expense
  14,465,802 
  14,147,973 
  14,709,424 
  14,465,802 
    
    
Income before income taxes
  6,426,682 
  5,495,827 
  7,644,527 
  6,426,682 
Income tax expense
  1,720,003 
  1,515,234 
  1,389,598 
  1,720,003 
Net income
 $4,706,679 
 $3,980,593 
 $6,254,929 
 $4,706,679 
    
    
Earnings per common share
 $0.91 
 $0.78 
 $1.20 
 $0.91 
Weighted average number of common shares
    
    
used in computing earnings per share
  5,077,473 
  5,016,191 
  5,131,654 
  5,077,473 
Dividends declared per common share
 $0.51 
 $0.48 
 $0.55 
 $0.51 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.statements
5

 
Community Bancorp. and Subsidiary
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 $1,792,949 
 $1,515,900 
 $2,269,732 
 $1,792,949 
    
    
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
    
Unrealized holding loss on available-for-sale securities
    
arising during the period
  (55,963)
  (46,840)
Reclassification adjustment for gain realized in income
  (1,246)
  0 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
    
Unrealized holding loss on securities AFS arising during the period
  (175,306)
  (55,963)
Reclassification adjustment for loss (gain) realized in income
  9,741 
  (1,246)
Unrealized loss during the period
  (57,209)
  (46,840)
  (165,565)
  (57,209)
Tax effect
  19,451 
  15,926 
  34,772 
  19,451 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
  (37,758)
  (30,914)
  (130,793)
  (37,758)
Total comprehensive income
 $1,755,191 
 $1,484,986 
 $2,138,939 
 $1,755,191 
 
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 $4,706,679 
 $3,980,593 
 
    
    
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
    
    
  Unrealized holding gain on available-for-sale securities
    
    
    arising during the period
  22,250 
  375,713 
  Reclassification adjustment for gain realized in income
  (4,647)
  0 
     Unrealized gain during the period
  17,603 
  375,713 
  Tax effect
  (5,985)
  (127,742)
  Other comprehensive income, net of tax
  11,618 
  247,971 
          Total comprehensive income
 $4,718,297 
 $4,228,564 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 $6,254,929 
 $4,706,679 
 
    
    
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
    
    
  Unrealized holding (loss) gain on securities AFS arising during the period
  (879,673)
  22,250 
  Reclassification adjustment for loss (gain) realized in income
  19,977 
  (4,647)
     Unrealized (loss) gain during the period
  (859,696)
  17,603 
  Tax effect
  180,537 
  (5,985)
  Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax
  (679,159)
  11,618 
          Total comprehensive income
 $5,575,770 
 $4,718,297 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
6

 
Community Bancorp. and Subsidiary
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Unaudited)
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 $4,706,679 
 $3,980,593 
 $6,254,929 
 $4,706,679 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by
    
    
operating activities:
    
    
Depreciation and amortization, bank premises and equipment
  772,344 
  779,240 
  736,352 
  772,344 
Provision for loan losses
  450,000 
  400,000 
  570,000 
  450,000 
Deferred income tax
  8,937 
  (132,862)
  (70,716)
  8,937 
Gain on sale of securities available-for-sale
  (4,647)
  0 
Net realized loss (gain) on sale of securities AFS
  19,977 
  (4,647)
Gain on sale of loans
  (250,826)
  (351,824)
  (265,035)
  (250,826)
Loss on sale of bank premises and equipment
  1,580 
  0 
(Gain) loss on sale of OREO
  (143)
  4,965 
Income from Trust LLC
  (314,572)
  (326,675)
(Gain) loss on sale of bank premises and equipment
  (260,013)
  1,580 
Loss (gain) on sale of OREO
  2,397 
  (143)
Income from CFSG Partners
  (429,786)
  (314,572)
Amortization of bond premium, net
  86,467 
  90,099 
  98,245 
  86,467 
Write down of OREO
  0 
  26,000 
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale
  11,163,180 
  18,648,432 
  8,702,602 
  11,163,180 
Originations of loans held for sale
  (11,599,454)
  (17,806,183)
  (7,860,877)
  (11,599,454)
Increase in taxes payable
  298,146 
  358,630 
  292,201 
  298,146 
Increase in interest receivable
  (74,968)
  (16,751)
  (164,070)
  (74,968)
Decrease in mortgage servicing rights
  97,661 
  77,768 
  62,413 
  97,661 
Decrease (increase) in other assets
  1,013,781 
  (17,149)
(Increase) decrease in other assets
  (775,983)
  1,013,781 
Increase in cash surrender value of BOLI
  (72,431)
  (78,815)
  (68,811)
  (72,431)
Amortization of core deposit intangible
  204,525 
  0 
  204,525 
Amortization of limited partnerships
  462,924 
  439,470 
  283,113 
  462,924 
(Increase) decrease in unamortized loan costs
  (8,322)
  3,926 
Increase (decrease) in interest payable
  36,179 
  (8,421)
Increase in unamortized loan costs
  (34,897)
  (8,322)
Increase in interest payable
  44,079 
  36,179 
Increase in accrued expenses
  457,667 
  93,410 
  103,133 
  457,667 
(Decrease) increase in other liabilities
  (860,426)
  17,835 
Decrease in other liabilities
  (35,961)
  (860,426)
Net cash provided by operating activities
  6,574,281 
  6,386,213 
  7,203,292 
  6,574,281 
    
    
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
    
    
Investments - held-to-maturity
    
Investments - HTM
    
Maturities and pay downs
  30,488,706 
  28,312,853 
  26,937,438 
  30,488,706 
Purchases
  (34,484,362)
  (41,795,534)
  (28,914,305)
  (34,484,362)
Investments - available-for-sale
    
Investments - AFS
    
Maturities, calls, pay downs and sales
  9,737,133 
  4,550,645 
  6,896,563 
  9,737,133 
Purchases
  (12,805,972)
  (7,206,847)
  (8,351,213)
  (12,805,972)
Proceeds from redemption of restricted equity securities
  1,055,800 
  1,866,400 
  1,147,500 
  1,055,800 
Purchases of restricted equity securities
  0 
  (1,280,600)
  (1,188,500)
  0 
Increase (decrease) in limited partnership contributions payable
  459,250 
  (687,500)
(Decrease) increase in limited partnership contributions payable
  (486,250)
  459,250 
Investments in limited partnerships
  (486,750)
  0 
  0 
  (486,750)
Increase in loans, net
  (19,492,075)
  (12,747,728)
  (28,370,104)
  (19,492,076)
Capital expenditures for bank premises and equipment
  (486,158)
  (152,199)
Capital expenditures net of proceeds from sales of bank
    
premises and equipment
  168,098 
  (486,158)
Proceeds from sales of OREO
  399,123 
  217,143 
  333,503 
  399,123 
Recoveries of loans charged off
  71,835 
  53,242 
  114,960 
  71,836 
Net cash used in investing activities
  (25,543,470)
  (28,870,125)
  (31,712,310)
  (25,543,470)
 
7

 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net increase (decrease) in demand and interest-bearing transaction accounts
  20,831,788 
  (3,019,738)
Net increase in money market and savings accounts
  19,567,686 
  4,588,578 
Net increase in demand and interest-bearing transaction accounts
  12,361,306 
  20,831,788 
Net (decrease) increase in money market and savings accounts
  (7,982,921)
  19,567,686 
Net increase in time deposits
  11,617,814 
  6,752,504 
  20,471,357 
  11,617,814 
Net (decrease) increase in repurchase agreements
  (2,964,268)
  3,761,011 
Net increase (decrease) in repurchase agreements
  2,030,982 
  (2,964,268)
Net decrease in short-term borrowings
  (30,000,000)
  (4,755,000)
  0 
  (30,000,000)
Proceeds from long-term borrowings
  2,000,000 
  550,000 
  0 
  2,000,000 
Repayments on long-term borrowings
  (2,000,000)
  0 
Decrease in capital lease obligations
  (74,014)
  (64,555)
  (85,416)
  (74,014)
Redemption of preferred stock
  (500,000)
  0 
Dividends paid on preferred stock
  (75,000)
  (65,625)
  (76,875)
  (75,000)
Dividends paid on common stock
  (1,829,567)
  (1,735,340)
  (1,965,241)
  (1,829,567)
Net cash provided by financing activities
  19,074,439 
  6,011,835 
  22,253,192 
  19,074,439 
    
    
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
  105,250 
  (16,472,077)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
  (2,255,826)
  105,250 
Cash and cash equivalents:
    
    
Beginning
  29,614,286 
  28,851,890 
  42,653,501 
  29,614,286 
Ending
 $29,719,536 
 $12,379,813 
 $40,397,675 
 $29,719,536 
    
    
Supplemental Schedule of Cash Paid During the Period:
    
    
Interest
 $2,243,926 
 $2,040,421 
 $2,983,314 
 $2,243,926 
    
    
Income taxes, net of refunds
 $950,000 
 $850,000 
 $885,000 
 $950,000 
    
    
Supplemental Schedule of Noncash Investing and Financing Activities:
    
    
Change in unrealized gain on securities available-for-sale
 $17,603 
 $375,713 
Change in unrealized (loss) gain on securities AFS
 $(859,696)
 $17,603 
    
    
Loans transferred to OREO
 $329,215 
 $395,108 
 $249,900 
 $329,215 
    
    
Common Shares Dividends Paid:
    
    
Dividends declared
 $2,586,973 
 $2,405,222 
 $2,820,056 
 $2,586,973 
(Increase) decrease in dividends payable attributable to dividends declared
  (44,507)
  1,380 
Increase in dividends payable attributable to dividends declared
  (77,593)
  (44,507)
Dividends reinvested
  (712,899)
  (671,262)
  (777,222)
  (712,899)
 $1,829,567 
 $1,735,340 
 $1,965,241 
 $1,829,567 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
8

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 1. Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
 
The interim consolidated financial statements of Community Bancorp. and Subsidiary are unaudited. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of the Company and its subsidiary, Community National Bank (the Bank), contained herein have been made. The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 20162017 contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K. The results of operations for the interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the full annual period ending December 31, 2017,2018, or for any other interim period.
 
Certain amounts in the 20162017 unaudited consolidated income statements have been reclassified to conform to the 20172018 presentation. Reclassifications had no effect on prior period net income or shareholders’ equity.
 
In addition to the definitions provided elsewhere in this quarterly report, the definitions, acronyms and abbreviations identified below are used throughout this Form 10-Q, including Part I. “Financial Information” and Part II. “Other Information”, and is intended to aid the reader and provide a reference page when reviewing this Form 10-Q.
ABS and OAS:Asset backed or other amortizing securityFHLMCFederal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
AFS:Available-for-saleFRB:Federal Reserve Board
Agency MBS:MBS issued by a US government agencyFRBB:Federal Reserve Bank of Boston
or GSEGAAP:Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
ALCO:Asset Liability Committee
in the United States
ALL:Allowance for loan lossesGSEGovernment sponsored enterprise
ASC:Accounting Standards CodificationHTM:Held-to-maturity
ASU:Accounting Standards UpdateICS:Insured Cash Sweeps of the Promontory
BIC:Borrower-in-Custody
Interfinancial Network
Board:Board of DirectorsIRS:Internal Revenue Service
BOLIBank owned life insuranceJNE:Jobs for New England
bp or bps:Basis point(s)Jr:Junior
CBLR:Community Bank Leverage RatioMBS:Mortgage-backed security
CDARS:Certificate of Deposit Accounts RegistryMPF:Mortgage Partnership Finance
Service of the Promontory InterfinancialMSRs:Mortgage servicing rights
NetworkNII:Net interest income
CDs:Certificates of depositOCI:Other comprehensive income (loss)
CDI:Core deposit intangibleOREO:Other real estate owned
CECL:Current Expected Credit LossOTTI:Other-than-temporary impairment
CFSG:Community Financial Services GroupPMIPrivate mortgage insurance
CFSG Partners:Community Financial Services Partners,RD:USDA Rural Development
LLCSBAU.S. Small Business Administration
Company:Community Bancorp. and SubsidiarySEC:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
CRE:Commercial Real EstateSERPSupplemental Employee Retirement Plan
DDA or DDAsDemand Deposit Account(s)TDR:Troubled-debt restructuring
DTC:Depository Trust CompanyUSDA:U.S. Department of Agriculture
DRIP:Dividend Reinvestment PlanVA:U.S. Veterans Administration
Exchange Act:Securities Exchange Act of 19342017 Tax Act:Tax Cut and Jobs Act of 2017
FASB:Financial Accounting Standards Board2018Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and
FDIC:Federal Deposit Insurance CorporationRegulatoryConsumer Protection Act of 2018
FHLBB:Federal Home Loan Bank of BostonRelief Act:

Note 2. Recent Accounting Developments
 
The FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09,Revenue from Contracts with Customers, in 2014 to replace the current plethora of industry-specific rules with a broad, principles-based framework for recognizing and measuring revenue. Due to the complexity of the new pronouncement and the anticipated effort required by entities in many industries to implement ASU No. 2014-09, FASB delayed the effective date. ASU 2014-09 became effective for the Company on January 1, 2018 and has been applied prospectively.
FASB formed a Transition Resource Group to assist it in identifying implementation issues that may require further clarification or amendment to ASU No. 2014-09. As a result of that group’s deliberations, FASB has issued several amendments, which became effective concurrently with ASU No. 2014-09, including ASU No. 2016-08,Principal versus Agent Considerations, which clarifies whether an entity should record the gross amount of revenue or only its ultimate share when a third party is also involved in providing goods or services to a customer. Since the guidance does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including loans and securities that are accounted for under other GAAP, the new guidance did not have a material impact on revenue most closely associated with financial instruments, including interest income and expense. This ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In January 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU)ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. This guidance changes how entities account for equity investments that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted for under the equity method of accounting. This guidance also changes certain disclosure requirements and other aspects of current accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (US GAAP).principles. Public businesses must use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU was not material on the adoption of the ASU on itsCompany’s consolidated financial statements.
 
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The ASU was issued to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. In July 2018, the FASB amended the updated guidance and provided an additional transition method for adoption of the guidance. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application of the amendments in the ASU is permitted for all entities. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of the ASU on its consolidated financial statements.statements, but does not anticipate any material impact at this time.
 
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. Under the new guidance, which will replace the existing incurred loss model for recognizing credit losses, banks and other lending institutions will be required to recognize the full amount of expected credit losses. The new guidance, which is referred to as the Current Expected Credit Loss (CECL)current expected credit loss, or CECL model, requires that expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date that are accounted for at amortized cost be measured and recognized based on historical experience and current and reasonably supportable forecasted conditions to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. A modified version of these requirements also applies to debt securities classified as available for sale, which will require that credit losses on those securities be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than a write-down. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within such years. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of the ASU on its consolidated financial statements. The ASU may have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements upon adoption as it will require a change in the Company's methodology for calculating its ALL and allowance on unused commitments. The Company will transition from an incurred loss model to an expected loss model, which will likely result in an increase in the ALL upon adoption and may negatively impact the CompanyCompany’s and the Bank's regulatory capital ratios. Additionally, ASU No. 2016-13 may reduce the carrying value of the Company's HTM investment securities as it will require an allowance for the expected losses over the life of these securities to be recorded upon adoption. The Company has formed a committee to assess the implications of this new pronouncement and transitioned to a software solution for preparing the ALL calculation and related reports that provides the Company with stronger data integrity, ease and efficiency in ALL preparation. The new software solution also provides numerous training opportunities for the appropriate personnel within the Company. The Company has gathered and will analyze the historical data to serve as a basis for estimating the ALL under CECL.
 
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The ASU was issued to reduce the cost and complexity of the goodwill impairment test. To simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill, step two of the goodwill impairment test was eliminated. Instead, a Company will recognize an impairment of goodwill should the carrying value of a reporting unit exceed its fair value (i.e., step one). The ASU will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2020 and will be applied prospectively.
 
9

 
The Company has goodwill from its acquisition of LyndonBank in 2007 and performs an impairment test annually or more frequently if circumstances warrant (see Note 6). The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of the ASU on its consolidated financial statements, but does not anticipate any material impact at this time.
 
TheIn February 2018, FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09,2018-02, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. RevenueThis ASU was issued to allow a reclassification from Contracts with Customers, in 2014accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to replaceretained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the current plethora of industry-specific rules with a broad, principles-based framework for recognizing and measuring revenue. Due2017 Tax Act to the complexity of the new pronouncement and the anticipated effort required by entities in many industries to implement ASU No. 2014-09, FASB delayed the effective date. ASU 2014-09 is effective for the Company for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017.
FASB formed a Transition Resource Group to assist it in identifying implementation issues that may require further clarification or amendment to ASU No. 2014-09. As a result of that group’s deliberations, FASB has issued several amendments, which will be effective concurrently with ASU No. 2014-09, including ASU No. 2016-08,Principal versus Agent Considerations, which clarifies whether an entity should record the gross amount of revenue or only its ultimate share when a third party is also involved in providing goods or services to a customer. Since the guidance does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including loans and securities that are accounted for under other US GAAP, the Company does not expect the new guidance to have a material impact on revenue most closely associated with financial instruments, including interest income and expense. The Company is currently performing an overall assessment of revenue streams and reviewing contracts potentially affected by the ASU including deposit related fees, interchange fees, and merchant income, to determine the potential impact the new guidance is expected to have on its consolidated financial statements. In addition, the Company continues to follow certain implementation issues relevant to the banking industry which are still pending resolution.
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815). The amendments in this ASU improve the usefulness of information reported to financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements. In addition, thisstatement users. The ASU makes certain targeted improvements to simplify the application of the hedge accounting guidance in current US GAAP. The amendments in this ASU areis effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted for financial statements which have not yet been issued. The Company adopted the ASU for the December 31, 2017 consolidated financial statements. See Note 12 to the audited consolidated financial statements contained in the Company’s December 31, 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. This ASU eliminates, adds and modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements as part of its disclosure framework project. The standard is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early applicationadoption is permitted in any interim period after issuance of the ASU.permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adoption of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements, but does not currently engage in hedging transactions; therefore, the ASU does not have ananticipate any material impact on the Company’s current consolidated financial statements.at this time.
 
Note 3.  Earnings per Common Share
 
Earnings per common share amounts are computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock issued during the period (retroactively adjusted for stock splits and stock dividends, if any), including Dividend Reinvestment Plan shares issuable upon reinvestment of dividends declared, and reduced for shares held in treasury.
 
The following tables illustrate the calculation of earnings per common share for the periods presented, as adjusted for the cash dividends declared on the preferred stock:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income, as reported
 $1,792,949 
 $1,515,900 
 $2,269,732 
 $1,792,949 
Less: dividends to preferred shareholders
  26,562 
  21,875 
  25,000 
  26,562 
Net income available to common shareholders
 $1,766,387 
 $1,494,025 
 $2,244,732 
 $1,766,387 
Weighted average number of common shares
    
    
used in calculating earnings per share
  5,091,283 
  5,032,156 
  5,146,817 
  5,091,283 
Earnings per common share
 $0.35 
 $0.30 
 $0.44 
 $0.35 
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income, as reported
 $4,706,679 
 $3,980,593 
 $6,254,929 
 $4,706,679 
Less: dividends to preferred shareholders
  75,000 
  65,625 
  76,875 
  75,000 
Net income available to common shareholders
 $4,631,679 
 $3,914,968 
 $6,178,054 
 $4,631,679 
Weighted average number of common shares
    
    
used in calculating earnings per share
  5,077,473 
  5,016,191 
  5,131,654 
  5,077,473 
Earnings per common share
 $0.91 
 $0.78 
 $1.20 
 $0.91 
 
10

 
Note 4.  Investment Securities
 
Securities AFS and HTM as of the balance sheet dates consisted of the following:
 
 
 
 
 
Gross
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized
 
 
Unrealized
 
 
Fair
 
 
Amortized
 
 
Unrealized
 
 
Fair
 
Securities AFS
 
Cost
 
 
Gains
 
 
Losses
 
 
Value
 
 
Cost
 
 
Gains
 
 
Losses
 
 
Value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
 
U.S. Government sponsored enterprise (GSE) debt securities
 $15,316,323 
 $9,140 
 $68,619 
 $15,256,844 
Agency mortgage-backed securities (Agency MBS)
  16,568,291 
  29,716 
  89,963 
  16,508,044 
September 30, 2018
 
 
 
U.S. GSE debt securities
 $14,015,244 
 $0 
 $447,484 
 $13,567,760 
Agency MBS
  16,705,094 
  0 
  596,234 
  16,108,860 
ABS and OAS
  1,988,699 
  0 
  21,831 
  1,966,868 
Other investments
  4,955,000 
  11,831 
  12,046 
  4,954,785 
  7,425,000 
  0 
  141,105 
  7,283,895 
 $36,839,614 
 $50,687 
 $170,628 
 $36,719,673 
 $40,134,037 
 $0 
 $1,206,654 
 $38,927,383 
    
    
December 31, 2016
    
December 31, 2017
    
U.S. GSE debt securities
 $17,365,805 
 $24,854 
 $73,331 
 $17,317,328 
 $17,308,229 
 $0 
 $149,487 
 $17,158,742 
Agency MBS
  13,265,790 
  3,896 
  115,458 
  13,154,228 
  16,782,380 
  11,144 
  180,187 
  16,613,337 
Other investments
  3,221,000 
  24,947 
  2,452 
  3,243,495 
  4,707,000 
  165 
  28,591 
  4,678,574 
 $33,852,595 
 $53,697 
 $191,241 
 $33,715,051 
 $38,797,609 
 $11,309 
 $358,265 
 $38,450,653 
    
    
September 30, 2016
    
September 30, 2017
    
U.S. GSE debt securities
 $13,751,867 
 $96,874 
 $5,247 
 $13,843,494 
 $15,316,323 
 $9,140 
 $68,619 
 $15,256,844 
Agency MBS
  12,380,416 
  164,771 
  18,571 
  12,526,616 
  16,568,291 
  29,716 
  89,963 
  16,508,044 
Other investments
  2,973,000 
  69,106 
  0 
  3,042,106 
  4,955,000 
  11,831 
  12,046 
  4,954,785 
 $29,105,283 
 $330,751 
 $23,818 
 $29,412,216 
 $36,839,614 
 $50,687 
 $170,628 
 $36,719,673 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized
 
 
Unrealized
 
 
Fair
 
 
Amortized
 
 
Unrealized
 
 
Fair
 
Securities HTM
 
Cost
 
 
Gains
 
 
Losses
 
 
Value*
 
 
Cost
 
 
Gains
 
 
Losses
 
 
Value*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
 
States and political subdivisions
 $50,801,832 
 $354,476 
 $196,307 
 $50,960,000 
    
December 31, 2017
    
States and political subdivisions
 $48,824,965 
 $0 
 $28,965 
 $48,796,000 
    
September 30, 2017
 
 
 
    
States and political subdivisions
 $53,882,287 
 $688,713 
 $0 
 $54,571,000 
 $53,882,287 
 $688,713 
 $0 
 $54,571,000 
    
December 31, 2016
    
States and political subdivisions
 $49,886,631 
 $1,148,369 
 $0 
 $51,035,000 
    
September 30, 2016
    
States and political subdivisions
 $56,837,100 
 $754,900 
 $0 
 $57,592,000 
 
*Method used to determine fair value of HTM securities rounds values to nearest thousand.
 
Investments pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements consisted of U.S. GSE debt securities, Agency MBS, securitiesABS and certificates of deposit (CDs).OAS, and CDs. These repurchase agreements mature daily. These investments as of the balance sheet dates were as follows:
 
 
 
Amortized
 
 
Fair
 
 
 
Cost
 
 
Value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2017
 $36,839,614 
 $36,719,673 
December 31, 2016
  33,604,595 
  33,469,254 
September 30, 2016
  29,105,283 
  29,412,216 
 
 
Amortized
 
 
Fair
 
 
 
Cost
 
 
Value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2018
 $40,134,037 
 $38,927,383 
December 31, 2017
  38,797,609 
  38,450,653 
September 30, 2017
  36,839,614 
  36,719,673 
 
11

 
The scheduled maturities of debt securities AFS as of the balance sheet dates were as follows:
 
 
Amortized
 
 
Fair
 
 
Cost
 
 
Value
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
 
Due from one to five years
 $12,978,972 
 $12,693,580 
Due from five to ten years
  10,449,971 
  10,124,943 
Agency MBS
  16,705,094 
  16,108,860 
 $40,134,037 
 $38,927,383 
    
December 31, 2017
    
Due in one year or less
 $3,749,956 
 $3,739,512 
Due from one to five years
  11,275,824 
  11,168,065 
Due from five to ten years
  6,989,449 
  6,929,739 
Agency MBS
  16,782,380 
  16,613,337 
 
Amortized
 
 
Fair
 
 $38,797,609 
 $38,450,653 
 
Cost
 
 
Value
 
    
September 30, 2017
 
 
 
    
Due in one year or less
 $2,250,000 
 $2,245,258 
 $2,250,000 
 $2,245,258 
Due from one to five years
  13,029,323 
  13,009,642 
  13,029,323 
  13,009,642 
Due from five to ten years
  4,992,000 
  4,956,729 
  4,992,000 
  4,956,729 
Agency MBS
  16,568,291 
  16,508,044 
  16,568,291 
  16,508,044 
 $36,839,614 
 $36,719,673 
 $36,839,614 
 $36,719,673 
    
December 31, 2016
    
Due in one year or less
 $2,006,027 
 $2,010,287 
Due from one to five years
  17,335,778 
  17,329,503 
Due from five to ten years
  1,245,000 
  1,221,033 
Agency MBS
  13,265,790 
  13,154,228 
 $33,852,595 
 $33,715,051 
    
September 30, 2016
    
Due in one year or less
 $1,000,000 
 $1,001,865 
Due from one to five years
  14,479,867 
  14,630,210 
Due from five to ten years
  1,245,000 
  1,253,525 
Agency MBS
  12,380,416 
  12,526,616 
 $29,105,283 
 $29,412,216 
 
Because the actual maturities of Agency MBS usually differ from their contractual maturities due to the right of borrowers to prepay the underlying mortgage loans, usually without penalty, those securities are not presented in the table by contractual maturity date.
 
The scheduled maturities of debt securities HTM as of the balance sheet dates were as follows:
 
 
Amortized
 
 
Fair
 
 
Cost
 
 
Value*
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
 
Due in one year or less
 $26,373,125 
 $26,373,000 
Due from one to five years
  5,335,244 
  5,375,000 
Due from five to ten years
  6,828,026 
  6,868,000 
Due after ten years
  12,265,437 
  12,344,000 
 $50,801,832 
 $50,960,000 
    
December 31, 2017
    
Due in one year or less
 $24,817,334 
 $24,817,000 
Due from one to five years
  4,494,343 
  4,487,000 
Due from five to ten years
  4,338,246 
  4,331,000 
Due after ten years
  15,175,042 
  15,161,000 
 
Amortized
 
 
Fair
 
 $48,824,965 
 $48,796,000 
 
Cost
 
 
Value*
 
    
September 30, 2017
 
 
 
    
Due in one year or less
 $28,773,116 
 $28,773,000 
 $28,773,116 
 $28,773,000 
Due from one to five years
  4,866,604 
  5,039,000 
  4,866,604 
  5,039,000 
Due from five to ten years
  3,990,576 
  4,163,000 
  3,990,576 
  4,163,000 
Due after ten years
  16,251,991 
  16,596,000 
  16,251,991 
  16,596,000 
 $53,882,287 
 $54,571,000 
 $53,882,287 
 $54,571,000 
    
December 31, 2016
    
Due in one year or less
 $25,368,725 
 $25,369,000 
Due from one to five years
  4,030,900 
  4,318,000 
Due from five to ten years
  4,013,242 
  4,300,000 
Due after ten years
  16,473,764 
  17,048,000 
 $49,886,631 
 $51,035,000 
    
September 30, 2016
    
Due in one year or less
 $35,141,204 
 $35,141,000 
Due from one to five years
  4,029,095 
  4,218,000 
Due from five to ten years
  3,430,921 
  3,620,000 
Due after ten years
  14,235,880 
  14,613,000 
 $56,837,100 
 $57,592,000 
 
*Method used to determine fair value of HTM securities rounds values to nearest thousand.
 
12

 
There were no debt securities HTM in an unrealized loss position as of the balance sheet dates. Debt securities AFS and HTM with unrealized losses as of the balance sheet dates are presented in the table below.
 
 
Less than 12 months
 
 
12 months or more
 
 
Total
 
 
Less than 12 months
 
 
12 months or more
 
 
Total
 
 
Fair
 
 
Unrealized
 
 
Fair
 
 
Unrealized
 
 
Number of
 
 
Fair
 
 
Unrealized
 
 
Value
 
 
Loss
 
 
Value
 
 
Loss
 
 
Securities
 
 
Value
 
 
Loss
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
 
U.S. GSE debt securities
 $5,368,134 
 $148,475 
 $8,199,626 
 $299,009 
  12 
 $13,567,760 
 $447,484 
Agency MBS
  7,628,403 
  194,458 
  8,480,457 
  401,776 
  25 
  16,108,860 
  596,234 
ABS and OAS
  1,966,868 
  21,831 
  0 
  2 
  1,966,868 
  21,831 
Other investments
  5,353,587 
  92,413 
  1,437,308 
  48,692 
  28 
  6,790,895 
  141,105 
State and political subdivisions
  22,917,317 
  196,307 
  0 
  87 
  22,917,317 
  196,307 
 $43,234,309 
 $653,484 
 $18,117,391 
 $749,477 
  154 
 $61,351,700 
 $1,402,961 
    
December 31, 2017
    
U.S. GSE debt securities
 $13,223,739 
 $84,490 
 $3,935,003 
 $64,997 
  15 
 $17,158,742 
 $149,487 
Agency MBS
  9,251,323 
  105,063 
  4,542,446 
  75,124 
  21 
  13,793,769 
  180,187 
Other investments
  3,692,571 
  25,429 
  244,838 
  3,162 
  16 
  3,937,409 
  28,591 
State and political subdivisions
  22,530,141 
  28,965 
  0 
  79 
  22,530,141 
  28,965 
 
Fair
 
 
Unrealized
 
 
Fair
 
 
Unrealized
 
 
Number of
 
 
Fair
 
 
Unrealized
 
 $48,697,774 
 $243,947 
 $8,722,287 
 $143,283 
  131 
 $57,420,061 
 $387,230 
 
Value
 
 
Loss
 
 
Value
 
 
Loss
 
 
Securities
 
 
Value
 
 
Loss
 
    
September 30, 2017
 
 
 
    
U.S. GSE debt securities
 $9,702,979 
 $41,405 
 $1,972,786 
 $27,214 
  10 
 $11,675,765 
 $68,619 
 $9,702,979 
 $41,405 
 $1,972,786 
 $27,214 
  10 
 $11,675,765 
 $68,619 
Agency MBS
  11,618,020 
  86,230 
  209,545 
  3,733 
  15 
  11,827,565 
  89,963 
  11,618,020 
  86,230 
  209,545 
  3,733 
  15 
  11,827,565 
  89,963 
Other investments
  1,969,953 
  12,046 
  0 
  8 
  1,969,953 
  12,046 
  1,969,953 
  12,046 
  0 
  8 
  1,969,953 
  12,046 
 $23,290,952 
 $139,681 
 $2,182,331 
 $30,947 
  33 
 $25,473,283 
 $170,628 
 $23,290,952 
 $139,681 
 $2,182,331 
 $30,947 
  33 
 $25,473,283 
 $170,628 
    
December 31, 2016
    
U.S. GSE debt securities
 $5,176,669 
 $73,331 
 $0 
  4 
 $5,176,669 
 $73,331 
Agency MBS
  10,704,717 
  115,458 
  0 
  15 
  10,704,717 
  115,458 
Other investments
  493,548 
  2,452 
  0 
  2 
  493,548 
  2,452 
 $16,374,934 
 $191,241 
 $0 
  21 
 $16,374,934 
 $191,241 
    
September 30, 2016
    
U.S. GSE debt securities
 $1,994,753 
 $5,247 
 $0 
  1 
 $1,994,753 
 $5,247 
Agency MBS
  2,054,035 
  18,571 
  0 
  4 
  2,054,035 
  18,571 
 $4,048,788 
 $23,818 
 $0 
  5 
 $4,048,788 
 $23,818 
 
The unrealized losses for all periods presented were principally attributable to changes in prevailing interest rates for similar types of securities and not deterioration in the creditworthiness of the issuer.
 
Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairmentOTTI at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions, or adverse developments relating to the issuer, warrant such evaluation. Consideration is given to (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than the carrying value, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and (3) the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. In analyzing an issuer's financial condition, management considers whether the securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies or other adverse developments in the status of the securities have occurred, and the results of reviews of the issuer's financial condition. As of September 30, 2017,2018, there were no declines in the fair value of any of the securities reflected in the table above that were deemed by management to be other than temporary.OTTI.
 
Note 5. Loans, Allowance for Loan Losses and Credit Quality
 
The composition of net loans as of the balance sheet dates was as follows:
 
 
September 30,
 
 
December 31,
 
 
September 30,
 
 
September 30,
 
 
December 31,
 
 
September 30,
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial & industrial
 $77,604,260 
 $68,730,573 
 $69,791,331 
 $89,120,826 
 $77,110,747 
 $77,604,260 
Commercial real estate
  210,983,668 
  201,728,280 
  190,246,590 
  224,220,329 
  207,044,227 
  210,983,668 
Residential real estate - 1st lien
  167,185,874 
  166,691,962 
  161,277,406 
  167,853,992 
  168,184,135 
  167,185,874 
Residential real estate - Junior (Jr) lien
  43,962,578 
  42,927,335 
  41,739,827 
Residential real estate - Jr lien
  44,549,279 
  45,256,862 
  43,962,578 
Consumer
  6,311,739 
  7,171,076 
  7,131,741 
  4,758,597 
  5,268,680 
  6,311,739 
Gross Loans
  506,048,119 
  487,249,226 
  470,186,895 
  530,503,023 
  502,864,651 
  506,048,119 
Deduct (add):
    
    
Allowance for loan losses
  5,436,313 
  5,278,445 
  5,179,965 
  5,641,227 
  5,438,099 
  5,436,313 
Deferred net loan costs
  (318,452)
  (310,130)
  (312,565)
  (353,548)
  (318,651)
  (318,452)
Net Loans
 $500,930,258 
 $482,280,911 
 $465,319,495 
 $525,215,344 
 $497,745,203 
 $500,930,258 
 
13

 
The following is an age analysis of loans (including non-accrual) as of the balance sheet dates, by portfolio segment:
 
 
 
 
 
90 Days or
 
 
 
 
 
90 Days or
 
 
 
 
 
90 Days
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
Non-Accrual
 
 
More and
 
 
 
 
 
90 Days
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
Non-Accrual
 
 
More and
 
September 30, 2017
 
30-89 Days
 
 
or More
 
 
Past Due
 
 
Current
 
 
Total Loans
 
 
Loans
 
 
Accruing
 
September 30, 2018
 
30-89 Days
 
 
or More
 
 
Past Due
 
 
Current
 
 
Total Loans
 
 
Loans
 
 
Accruing
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial & industrial
 $76,185 
 $0 
 $76,185 
 $77,528,075 
 $77,604,260 
 $48,385 
 $0 
 $133,884 
 $0 
 $133,884 
 $88,986,942 
 $89,120,826 
 $97,936 
 $0 
Commercial real estate
  1,186,687 
  228,621 
  1,415,308 
  209,568,360 
  210,983,668 
  714,720 
  15,011 
  463,307 
  195,354 
  658,661 
  223,561,668 
  224,220,329 
  1,869,717 
  0 
Residential real estate
    
    
- 1st lien
  1,366,466 
  1,823,490 
  3,189,956 
  163,995,918 
  167,185,874 
  1,511,891 
  725,581 
  1,134,943 
  1,926,540 
  3,061,483 
  164,792,509 
  167,853,992 
  1,959,124 
  1,075,393 
- Jr lien
  454,613 
  261,256 
  715,869 
  43,246,709 
  43,962,578 
  450,192 
  64,292 
  312,418 
  385,253 
  697,671 
  43,851,608 
  44,549,279 
  420,624 
  103,298 
Consumer
  53,597 
  2,777 
  56,374 
  6,255,365 
  6,311,739 
  0 
  2,777 
  30,418 
  8,631 
  39,049 
  4,719,548 
  4,758,597 
  0 
  8,631 
 $3,137,548 
 $2,316,144 
 $5,453,692 
 $500,594,427 
 $506,048,119 
 $2,725,188 
 $807,661 
 $2,074,970 
 $2,515,778 
 $4,590,748 
 $525,912,275 
 $530,503,023 
 $4,347,401 
 $1,187,322 
 
 
 
 
 
 
90 Days or
 
 
 
 
 
90 Days or
 
 
 
 
 
90 Days
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
Non-Accrual
 
 
More and
 
 
 
 
 
90 Days
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
Non-Accrual
 
 
More and
 
December 31, 2016
 
30-89 Days
 
 
or More
 
 
Past Due
 
 
Current
 
 
Total Loans
 
 
Loans
 
 
Accruing
 
December 31, 2017
 
30-89 Days
 
 
or More
 
 
Past Due
 
 
Current
 
 
Total Loans
 
 
Loans
 
 
Accruing
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial & industrial
 $328,684 
 $26,042 
 $354,726 
 $68,375,847 
 $68,730,573 
 $143,128 
 $26,042 
 $308,712 
 $0 
 $308,712 
 $76,802,035 
 $77,110,747 
 $98,806 
 $0 
Commercial real estate
  824,836 
  222,738 
  1,047,574 
  200,680,706 
  201,728,280 
  765,584 
  0 
  1,482,982 
  418,255 
  1,901,237 
  205,142,990 
  207,044,227 
  1,065,385 
  0 
Residential real estate
    
  �� 
    
- 1st lien
  4,881,496 
  1,723,688 
  6,605,184 
  160,086,778 
  166,691,962 
  1,227,220 
  1,068,083 
  4,238,933 
  2,011,419 
  6,250,352 
  161,933,783 
  168,184,135 
  1,585,473 
  1,249,241 
- Jr lien
  984,849 
  116,849 
  1,101,698 
  41,825,637 
  42,927,335 
  338,602 
  27,905 
  156,101 
  168,517 
  324,618 
  44,932,244 
  45,256,862 
  346,912 
  0 
Consumer
  53,972 
  2,176 
  56,148 
  7,114,928 
  7,171,076 
  0 
  2,176 
  80,384 
  1,484 
  81,868 
  5,186,812 
  5,268,680 
  0 
  1,484 
 $7,073,837 
 $2,091,493 
 $9,165,330 
 $478,083,896 
 $487,249,226 
 $2,474,534 
 $1,124,206 
 $6,267,112 
 $2,599,675 
 $8,866,787 
 $493,997,864 
 $502,864,651 
 $3,096,576 
 $1,250,725 
 
 
 
 
 
 
90 Days or
 
 
 
 
 
90 Days or
 
 
 
 
 
90 Days
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
Non-Accrual
 
 
More and
 
 
 
 
 
90 Days
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
Non-Accrual
 
 
More and
 
September 30, 2016
 
30-89 Days
 
 
or More
 
 
Past Due
 
 
Current
 
 
Total Loans
 
 
Loans
 
 
Accruing
 
September 30, 2017
 
30-89 Days
 
 
or More
 
 
Past Due
 
 
Current
 
 
Total Loans
 
 
Loans
 
 
Accruing
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial & industrial
 $236,510 
 $116,720 
 $353,230 
 $69,438,101 
 $69,791,331 
 $205,358 
 $116,720 
 $76,185 
 $0 
 $76,185 
 $77,528,075 
 $77,604,260 
 $48,385 
 $0 
Commercial real estate
  655,874 
  249,749 
  905,623 
  189,340,967 
  190,246,590 
  759,332 
  227,302 
  1,186,687 
  228,621 
  1,415,308 
  209,568,360 
  210,983,668 
  714,720 
  15,011 
Residential real estate
    
    
- 1st lien
  1,837,612 
  1,005,342 
  2,842,954 
  158,434,452 
  161,277,406 
  1,289,968 
  744,379 
  1,366,466 
  1,823,490 
  3,189,956 
  163,995,918 
  167,185,874 
  1,511,891 
  725,581 
- Jr lien
  203,174 
  91,420 
  294,594 
  41,445,233 
  41,739,827 
  343,766 
  91,420 
  454,613 
  261,256 
  715,869 
  43,246,709 
  43,962,578 
  450,192 
  64,292 
Consumer
  66,776 
  0 
  66,776 
  7,064,965 
  7,131,741 
  0 
  53,597 
  2,777 
  56,374 
  6,255,365 
  6,311,739 
  0 
  2,777 
 $2,999,946 
 $1,463,231 
 $4,463,177 
 $465,723,718 
 $470,186,895 
 $2,598,424 
 $1,179,821 
 $3,137,548 
 $2,316,144 
 $5,453,692 
 $500,594,427 
 $506,048,119 
 $2,725,188 
 $807,661 
 
For all loan segments, loans over 30 days past due are considered delinquent.
 
As of the balance sheet dates presented, residential mortgage loans in process of foreclosure consisted of the following:
 
 
 
Number of loans
 
 
Balance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2017
  7 
 $443,099 
December 31, 2016
  8 
  322,663 
September 30, 2016
  6 
  250,413 
 
 
Number of loans
 
 
Balance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2018
  8 
 $625,328 
December 31, 2017
  10 
  791,944 
September 30, 2017
  7 
  443,099 
 

 
Allowance for loan losses
 
The ALL is established through a provision for loan losses charged to earnings. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibilitythat future payments of a loan balance is probable.are unlikely. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.
14
 
Unsecured loans, primarily consumer loans, are charged off when they become uncollectible and no later than 120 days past due. Unsecured loans to customers who subsequently file bankruptcy are charged off within 30 days of receipt of the notification of filing or by the end of the month in which the loans become 120 days past due, whichever occurs first. For secured loans, both residential and commercial, the potential loss on impaired loans is carried as a loan loss reserve specific allocation; the loss portion is charged off when collection of the full loan appears unlikely. The unsecured portion of a real estate loan is that portion of the loan exceeding the "fair value" of the collateral less the estimated cost to sell. Value of the collateral is determined in accordance with the Company’s appraisal policy. The unsecured portion of an impaired real estate secured loan is charged off by the end of the month in which the loan becomes 180 days past due.
 
As described below, the allowance consists of general, specific and unallocated components. However, the entire allowance is available to absorb losses in the loan portfolio, regardless of specific, general and unallocated components considered in determining the amount of the allowance.
 
General component
 
The general component of the ALL is based on historical loss experience and various qualitative factors and is stratified by the following loan segments: commercial and industrial, commercial real estate,CRE, residential real estate 1st lien, residential real estate Jr lien and consumer loans. The Company does not disaggregate its portfolio segments further into classes.
 
Loss ratios are calculated by loan segment for one year, two year, three year, four year and five year look back periods. Management uses an average of historical losses based on a time frame appropriate to capture relevant loss data for each loan segment in the current economic climate. During periods of economic stability, a relatively longer period (e.g., five years) may be appropriate. During periods of significant expansion or contraction, the Company may appropriately shorten the historical time period. The Company is currently using an extended look back period of five years.
 
Qualitative factors include the levels of and trends in delinquencies and non-performing loans, levels of and trends in loan risk groups, trends in volumes and terms of loans, effects of any changes in loan related policies, experience, ability and the depth of management, documentation and credit data exception levels, national and local economic trends, external factors such as competition and regulation and lastly, concentrations of credit risk in a variety of areas, including portfolio product mix, the level of loans to individual borrowers and their related interests, loans to industry segments, and the geographic distribution of commercial real estateCRE loans. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to revision as more information becomes available.
 
The qualitative factors are determined based on the various risk characteristics of each loan segment. The Company has policies, procedures and internal controls that management believes are commensurate with the risk profile of each of these segments. Major risk characteristics relevant to each portfolio segment are as follows:
 
Commercial & Industrial – Loans in this segment include commercial and industrial loans and to a lesser extent loans to finance agricultural production. Commercial loans are made to businesses and are generally secured by assets of the business, including trade assets and equipment. While not the primary collateral, in many cases these loans may also be secured by the real estate of the business. Repayment is expected from the cash flows of the business. A weakened economy, soft consumer spending, unfavorable foreign trade conditions and the rising cost of labor or raw materials are examples of issues that can impact the credit quality in this segment.
 
Commercial Real Estate – Loans in this segment are principally made to businesses and are generally secured by either owner-occupied, or non-owner occupied commercial real estate.CRE. A relatively small portion of this segment includes farm loans secured by farm land and buildings. As with commercial and industrial loans, repayment of owner-occupied commercial real estateCRE loans is expected from the cash flows of the business and the segment would be impacted by the same risk factors as commercial and industrial loans. The non-owner occupied commercial real estateCRE portion includes both residential and commercial construction loans, vacant land and real estate development loans, multi-family dwelling loans and commercial rental property loans. Repayment of construction loans is expected from permanent financing takeout; the Company generally requires a commitment or eligibility for the take-out financing prior to construction loan origination. Real estate development loans are generally repaid from the sale of the subject real property as the project progresses. Construction and development lending entail additional risks, including the project exceeding budget, not being constructed according to plans, not receiving permits, or the pre-leasing or occupancy rate not meeting expectations. Repayment of multi-family loans and commercial rental property loans is expected from the cash flow generated by rental payments received from the individuals or businesses occupying the real estate. Commercial real estateCRE loans are impacted by factors such as competitive market forces, vacancy rates, cap rates, net operating incomes, lease renewals and overall economic demand. In addition, loans in the recreational and tourism sector can be affected by weather conditions, such as unseasonably low winter snowfalls. Commercial real estateCRE lending also carries a higher degree of environmental risk than other real estate lending.
 
15

 
Residential Real Estate – 1st - 1stLien – All loans in this segment are collateralized by first mortgages on 1 – 4 family owner-occupied residential real estate and repayment is dependent on the credit quality of the individual borrower. The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates and housing prices, has an impact on the credit quality of this segment.
 
Residential Real Estate – Jr Lien – All loans in this segment are collateralized by junior lien mortgages on 1 – 4 family residential real estate and repayment is primarily dependent on the credit quality of the individual borrower. The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates and housing prices, has an impact on the credit quality of this segment.
 
Consumer – Loans in this segment are made to individuals for consumer and household purposes. This segment includes both loans secured by automobiles and other consumer goods, as well as loans that are unsecured. This segment also includes overdrafts, which are extensions of credit made to both individuals and businesses to cover temporary shortages in their deposit accounts and are generally unsecured. The Company maintains policies restricting the size and term of these extensions of credit. The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates, has an impact on the credit quality of this segment.
 
Specific component
 
The specific component of the ALL relates to loans that are impaired. Impaired loans include all troubled debt restructurings (TDR) regardless of amount and all loansare loan(s) to a borrower that in the aggregate are greater than $100,000 and that are in non-accrual status.status or are TDRs regardless of amount. A specific allowance is established for an impaired loan when its estimated impaired basis is less than the total recorded investment incarrying value of the loan. For all loan segments, except consumer loans, a loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, in management’s estimation it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant or temporary payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management evaluates the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length and frequency of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan by loan basis, by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s obtainable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.
 
Impaired loans also include troubled loans that are restructured. A TDR occurs when the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that would otherwise not be granted. TDRs may include the transfer of assets to the Company in partial satisfaction of a troubled loan, a modification of a loan’s terms, or a combination of the two.
 
Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, the Company does not separately identify individual consumer loans for impairment evaluation, unless such loans are subject to a restructuring agreement.
 
Unallocated component
 
An unallocated component of the ALL is maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect management’s estimate of probable losses. The unallocated component reflects management’s estimate of the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the portfolio.
 
ALL methodology changes implemented as of June 30, 2017
During the second quarter of 2017, the Company transitioned to a software solution for preparing the ALL calculation and related reports, replacing previously used Excel spreadsheets. The software solution provides the Company with stronger data integrity, ease and efficiency in ALL preparation, and helps ready the Company for the future transition to the CECL model. During the implementation and testing of the software, several changes to the underlying ALL methodology were made. Those changes included (i) removing the government guaranteed balances from the calculation of the ALL for both the pooled loans and impaired loans, (ii) treating all TDRs as impaired regardless of size, and (iii) using a fixed look back period for historical losses based on loss history and economic conditions rather than applying the highest look back period of the last 5 years. The Company has a solid history of collection of government guarantees; removal of the guaranteed portion of the loan balance from the ALL calculation for government guaranteed loans reduces the amount of reserves that would otherwise be required against those loans. Management expects the change to the historical loss methodology will eliminate sharp increases or decreases in loss ratios resulting from isolated losses rolling into or out of the look back period and is more reflective of the Company’s loss history during periods of economic stability. Although the inclusion of all TDRs in the impaired calculation now requires the individual analysis of a significantly larger number of loans than was the case under the previous ALL methodology, the ability to individually analyze a greater number of loans is facilitated by the new software. Compared to the prior ALL methodology, the net impact of the foregoing methodology changes reduced required reserves by approximately $247,000 for the quarter ended June 30, 2017, the quarter during which the changes were first implemented.
16

 
The tables below summarize changes in the ALL and select loan information, by portfolio segment, for the periods indicated.
 
As of or for the three months ended September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
 
 
Residential
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
& Industrial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
1st Lien
 
 
Jr Lien
 
 
Consumer
 
 
Unallocated
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALL beginning balance
 $785,089 
 $2,708,239 
 $1,398,041 
 $287,602 
 $51,635 
 $182,417 
 $5,413,023 
  Charge-offs
  0 
  0 
  (591)
  (12,174)
  (37,327)
  0 
  (50,092)
  Recoveries
  34,818 
  0 
  17,353 
  260 
  15,865 
  0 
  68,296 
  Provision (credit)
  (34,687)
  102,491 
  (18,277)
  78,108 
  21,590 
  60,775 
  210,000 
ALL ending balance
 $785,220 
 $2,810,730 
 $1,396,526 
 $353,796 
 $51,763 
 $243,192 
 $5,641,227 
As of or for the nine months ended September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
 
 
Residential
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
& Industrial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
1st Lien
 
 
Jr Lien
 
 
Consumer
 
 
Unallocated
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALL beginning balance
 $675,687 
 $2,674,029 
 $1,460,547 
 $316,982 
 $43,303 
 $267,551 
 $5,438,099 
  Charge-offs
  (131,273)
  (124,645)
  (79,025)
  (36,174)
  (110,715)
  0 
  (481,832)
  Recoveries
  54,858 
  0 
  26,511 
  935 
  32,656 
  0 
  114,960 
  Provision (credit)
  185,948 
  261,346 
  (11,507)
  72,053 
  86,519 
  (24,359)
  570,000 
ALL ending balance
 $785,220 
 $2,810,730 
 $1,396,526 
 $353,796 
 $51,763 
 $243,192 
 $5,641,227 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
ALL evaluated for impairment
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  Individually
 $0 
 $0 
 $141,863 
 $82,236 
 $0 
 $0 
 $224,099 
  Collectively
  785,220 
  2,810,730 
  1,254,663 
  271,560 
  51,763 
  243,192 
  5,417,128 
 
 $785,220 
 $2,810,730 
 $1,396,526 
 $353,796 
 $51,763 
 $243,192 
 $5,641,227 
 
 
 
Loans evaluated for impairment
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  Individually
 $62,879 
 $1,879,008 
 $4,509,626 
 $369,591 
 $0 
    
 $6,821,104 
  Collectively
  89,057,947 
  222,341,321 
  163,344,366 
  44,179,688 
  4,758,597 
    
  523,681,919 
 
 $89,120,826 
 $224,220,329 
 $167,853,992 
 $44,549,279 
 $4,758,597 
    
 $530,503,023 
As of or for the year ended December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
 
 
 
& Industrial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
1st Lien
 
 
Jr Lien
 
 
Consumer
 
 
Unallocated
 
 
Total
 
 
& Industrial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
1st Lien
 
 
Jr Lien
 
 
Consumer
 
 
Unallocated
 
 
Total
 
Allowance for loan losses
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 $695,663 
 $2,530,215 
 $1,363,324 
 $374,364 
 $51,295 
 $359,517 
 $5,374,378 
 
 
 
ALL beginning balance
 $726,848 
 $2,496,085 
 $1,369,757 
 $371,176 
 $83,973 
 $230,606 
 $5,278,445 
Charge-offs
  0 
  (84,098)
  0 
  (35,825)
  0 
  (119,923)
  (20,000)
  (160,207)
  (159,533)
  (118,359)
  (124,042)
  0 
  (582,141)
Recoveries
  19,151 
  0 
  4,621 
  60 
  8,026 
  0 
  31,858 
  27,051 
  230 
  26,826 
  465 
  37,223 
  0 
  91,795 
Provision (credit)
  (41,481)
  113,047 
  136,764 
  11,115 
  28,115 
  (97,560)
  150,000 
  (58,212)
  337,921 
  223,497 
  63,700 
  46,149 
  36,945 
  650,000 
Ending balance
 $673,333 
 $2,643,262 
 $1,420,611 
 $385,539 
 $51,611 
 $261,957 
 $5,436,313 
ALL ending balance
 $675,687 
 $2,674,029 
 $1,460,547 
 $316,982 
 $43,303 
 $267,551 
 $5,438,099 
    
ALL evaluated for impairment
    
Individually
 $0 
 $69,015 
 $125,305 
 $26,353 
 $0 
 $220,673 
Collectively
  675,687 
  2,605,014 
  1,335,242 
  290,629 
  43,303 
  267,551 
  5,217,426 
 $675,687 
 $2,674,029 
 $1,460,547 
 $316,982 
 $43,303 
 $267,551 
 $5,438,099 
    
Loans evaluated for impairment
    
Individually
 $98,806 
 $1,306,057 
 $4,075,666 
 $300,759 
 $0 
    
 $5,781,288 
Collectively
  77,011,941 
  205,738,170 
  164,108,469 
  44,956,103 
  5,268,680 
    
  497,083,363 
 $77,110,747 
 $207,044,227 
 $168,184,135 
 $45,256,862 
 $5,268,680 
    
 $502,864,651 

As of or for the three months ended September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
 
 
Residential
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
& Industrial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
1st Lien
 
 
Jr Lien
 
 
Consumer
 
 
Unallocated
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALL beginning balance
 $695,663 
 $2,530,215 
 $1,363,324 
 $374,364 
 $51,295 
 $359,517 
 $5,374,378 
  Charge-offs
  0 
  0 
  (84,098)
  0 
  (35,825)
  0 
  (119,923)
  Recoveries
  19,151 
  0 
  4,621 
  60 
  8,026 
  0 
  31,858 
  Provision (credit)
  (41,481)
  113,047 
  136,764 
  11,115 
  28,115 
  (97,560)
  150,000 
ALL ending balance
 $673,333 
 $2,643,262 
 $1,420,611 
 $385,539 
 $51,611 
 $261,957 
 $5,436,313 
 
 
As of or for the nine months ended September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
 
 
 
& Industrial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
1st Lien
 
 
Jr Lien
 
 
Consumer
 
 
Unallocated
 
 
Total
 
 
& Industrial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
1st Lien
 
 
Jr Lien
 
 
Consumer
 
 
Unallocated
 
 
Total
 
Allowance for loan losses
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 $726,848 
 $2,496,085 
 $1,369,757 
 $371,176 
 $83,973 
 $230,606 
 $5,278,445 
 
 
 
ALL beginning balance
 $726,848 
 $2,496,085 
 $1,369,757 
 $371,176 
 $83,973 
 $230,606 
 $5,278,445 
Charge-offs
  0 
  (160,207)
  (88,833)
  (15,311)
  (99,617)
  0 
  (363,968)
  0 
  (160,207)
  (88,833)
  (15,311)
  (99,617)
  0 
  (363,968)
Recoveries
  23,469 
  231 
  14,838 
  180 
  33,118 
  0 
  71,836 
  23,469 
  231 
  14,838 
  180 
  33,118 
  0 
  71,836 
Provision (credit)
  (76,984)
  307,153 
  124,849 
  29,494 
  34,137 
  31,351 
  450,000 
  (76,984)
  307,153 
  124,849 
  29,494 
  34,137 
  31,351 
  450,000 
Ending balance
 $673,333 
 $2,643,262 
 $1,420,611 
 $385,539 
 $51,611 
 $261,957 
 $5,436,313 
ALL ending balance
 $673,333 
 $2,643,262 
 $1,420,611 
 $385,539 
 $51,611 
 $261,957 
 $5,436,313 
    
    
Allowance for loan losses
    
Evaluated for impairment
    
ALL evaluated for impairment
    
Individually
 $0 
 $65,150 
 $153,570 
 $119,224 
 $0 
 $337,944 
 $0 
 $65,150 
 $153,570 
 $119,224 
 $0 
 $337,944 
Collectively
  673,333 
  2,578,112 
  1,267,041 
  266,315 
  51,611 
  261,957 
  5,098,369 
  673,333 
  2,578,112 
  1,267,041 
  266,315 
  51,611 
  261,957 
  5,098,369 
 $673,333 
 $2,643,262 
 $1,420,611 
 $385,539 
 $51,611 
 $261,957 
 $5,436,313 
 $673,333 
 $2,643,262 
 $1,420,611 
 $385,539 
 $51,611 
 $261,957 
 $5,436,313 
Loans evaluated for impairment
    
    
Individually
 $48,385 
 $1,936,399 
 $3,760,913 
 $379,777 
 $0 
    
 $6,125,474 
 $48,385 
 $1,936,399 
 $3,760,913 
 $379,777 
 $0 
    
 $6,125,474 
Collectively
  77,555,875 
  209,047,269 
  163,424,961 
  43,582,801 
  6,311,739 
    
  499,922,645 
  77,555,875 
  209,047,269 
  163,424,961 
  43,582,801 
  6,311,739 
    
  499,922,645 
 $77,604,260 
 $210,983,668 
 $167,185,874 
 $43,962,578 
 $6,311,739 
    
 $506,048,119 
 $77,604,260 
 $210,983,668 
 $167,185,874 
 $43,962,578 
 $6,311,739 
    
 $506,048,119 
 
17
As of or for the year ended December 31, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
 
 
Residential
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
& Industrial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
1st Lien
 
 
Jr Lien
 
 
Consumer
 
 
Unallocated
 
 
Total
 
Allowance for loan losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 $712,902 
 $2,152,678 
 $1,368,028 
 $422,822 
 $75,689 
 $279,759 
 $5,011,878 
  Charge-offs
  (49,009)
  0 
  (244,149)
  0 
  (15,404)
  0 
  (308,562)
  Recoveries
  36,032 
  0 
  23,712 
  240 
  15,145 
  0 
  75,129 
  Provision (credit)
  26,923 
  343,407 
  222,166 
  (51,886)
  8,543 
  (49,153)
  500,000 
Ending balance
 $726,848 
 $2,496,085 
 $1,369,757 
 $371,176 
 $83,973 
 $230,606 
 $5,278,445 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Allowance for loan losses
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Evaluated for impairment
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  Individually
 $0 
 $86,400 
 $6,200 
 $114,800 
 $0 
 $0 
 $207,400 
  Collectively
  726,848 
  2,409,685 
  1,363,557 
  256,376 
  83,973 
  230,606 
  5,071,045 
 
 $726,848 
 $2,496,085 
 $1,369,757 
 $371,176 
 $83,973 
 $230,606 
 $5,278,445 
 
 
 
Loans evaluated for impairment
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  Individually
 $48,385 
 $687,495 
 $946,809 
 $224,053 
 $0 
    
 $1,906,742 
  Collectively
  68,682,188 
  201,040,785 
  165,745,153 
  42,703,282 
  7,171,076 
    
  485,342,484 
 
 $68,730,573 
 $201,728,280 
 $166,691,962 
 $42,927,335 
 $7,171,076 
    
 $487,249,226 
As of or for the three months ended September 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
 
 
Residential
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
& Industrial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
1st Lien
 
 
Jr Lien
 
 
Consumer
 
 
Unallocated
 
 
Total
 
Allowance for loan losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 $825,242 
 $2,316,966 
 $1,294,272 
 $414,082 
 $80,560 
 $146,298 
 $5,077,420 
  Charge-offs
  (1,358)
  0 
  (42,000)
  0 
  (14,438)
  0 
  (57,796)
  Recoveries
  2,174 
  0 
  3,974 
  60 
  4,133 
  0 
  10,341 
  Provision (credit)
  (54,384)
  34,435 
  82,396 
  (32,861)
  (11,915)
  132,329 
  150,000 
Ending balance
 $771,674 
 $2,351,401 
 $1,338,642 
 $381,281 
 $58,340 
 $278,627 
 $5,179,965 
As of or for the nine months ended September 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
 
 
Residential
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
& Industrial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
1st Lien
 
 
Jr Lien
 
 
Consumer
 
 
Unallocated
 
 
Total
 
Allowance for loan losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 $712,902 
 $2,152,678 
 $1,368,028 
 $422,822 
 $75,689 
 $279,759 
 $5,011,878 
  Charge-offs
  (12,194)
  0 
  (234,549)
  0 
  (38,412)
  0 
  (285,155)
  Recoveries
  22,650 
  0 
  9,660 
  180 
  20,752 
  0 
  53,242 
  Provision (credit)
  48,316 
  198,723 
  195,503 
  (41,721)
  311 
  (1,132)
  400,000 
Ending balance
 $771,674 
 $2,351,401 
 $1,338,642 
 $381,281 
 $58,340 
 $278,627 
 $5,179,965 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Allowance for loan losses
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Evaluated for impairment
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  Individually
 $0 
 $92,900 
 $19,000 
 $115,600 
 $0 
 $0 
 $227,500 
  Collectively
  771,674 
  2,258,501 
  1,319,642 
  265,681 
  58,340 
  278,627 
  4,952,465 
 
 $771,674 
 $2,351,401 
 $1,338,642 
 $381,281 
 $58,340 
 $278,627 
 $5,179,965 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Loans evaluated for impairment
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  Individually
 $188,528 
 $703,852 
 $1,064,752 
 $226,590 
 $0 
    
 $2,183,722 
  Collectively
  69,602,803 
  189,542,738 
  160,212,654 
  41,513,237 
  7,131,741 
    
  468,003,173 
 
 $69,791,331 
 $190,246,590 
 $161,277,406 
 $41,739,827 
 $7,131,741 
    
 $470,186,895 
18

 
Impaired loans, by portfolio segment, were as follows:
 
 
As of September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unpaid
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
 
Average
 
 
Interest
 
 
 
Recorded
 
 
Principal
 
 
Related
 
 
Recorded
 
 
Recorded
 
 
Income
 
 
 
Investment
 
 
Balance
 
 
Allowance
 
 
Investment (1)
 
 
Investment (2)
 
 
Recognized (2)
 
 
 
 
    
    
    
Related allowance recorded
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
    
   Commercial real estate
 $0 
 $0 
 $0 
 $0 
 $72,073 
 $0 
   Residential real estate
    
    
    
    
    
    
    - 1st lien
  857,688 
  900,987 
  141,863 
  823,580 
  809,816 
  46,721 
    - Jr lien
  217,869 
  220,712 
  82,236 
  112,833 
  95,126 
  571 
 
  1,075,557 
  1,121,699 
  224,099 
  936,413 
  977,015 
  47,292 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
No related allowance recorded
    
    
    
    
    
    
   Commercial & industrial
  62,879 
  82,267 
    
  129,979 
  135,944 
  0 
   Commercial real estate
  1,879,357 
  2,082,229 
    
  1,972,312 
  1,642,662 
  56,857 
   Residential real estate
    
    
    
    
    
    
    - 1st lien
  3,671,955 
  4,225,575 
    
  3,607,829 
  3,505,936 
  180,255 
    - Jr lien
  151,731 
  152,678 
    
  224,653 
  216,944 
  0 
 
  5,765,922 
  6,542,749 
    
  5,934,773 
  5,501,486 
  237,112 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
 
 $6,841,479 
 $7,664,448 
 $224,099 
 $6,871,186 
 $6,478,501 
 $284,404 
(1) For the three months ended September 30, 2018
(2) For the nine months ended September 30, 2018
In the table above, recorded investment in impaired loans as of September 30, 2018 includes accrued interest receivable and deferred net loan costs of $20,375.
 
 
As of December 31, 2017
 
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unpaid
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
 
Interest
 
 
 
Recorded
 
 
Principal
 
 
Related
 
 
Recorded
 
 
Income
 
 
 
Investment
 
 
Balance
 
 
Allowance
 
 
Investment
 
 
Recognized
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Related allowance recorded
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Commercial real estate
 $204,645 
 $225,681 
 $69,015 
 $210,890 
 $0 
   Residential real estate
    
    
    
    
    
    - 1st lien
  798,226 
  837,766 
  125,305 
  646,799 
  29,262 
    - Jr lien
  146,654 
  293,351 
  26,353 
  220,274 
  400 
 
  1,149,525 
  1,356,798 
  220,673 
  1,077,963 
  29,662 
 
    
    
    
    
    
No related allowance recorded
    
    
    
    
    
   Commercial & industrial
  98,806 
  136,590 
    
  75,868 
  72,426 
   Commercial real estate
  1,102,859 
  1,226,040 
    
  1,105,030 
  237,792 
   Residential real estate
    
    
    
    
    
    - 1st lien
  3,300,175 
  3,641,627 
    
  1,930,108 
  133,732 
    - Jr lien
  154,116 
  154,423 
    
  116,519 
  16,574 
 
  4,655,956 
  5,158,680 
    
  3,227,525 
  460,524 
 
    
    
    
    
    
 
 $5,805,481 
 $6,515,478 
 $220,673 
 $4,305,488 
 $490,186 
In the table above, recorded investment in impaired loans as of December 31, 2017 includes accrued interest receivable and deferred net loan costs of $24,193.

 
 
 
As of September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unpaid
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
 
Average
 
 
Interest
 
 
 
Recorded
 
 
Principal
 
 
Related
 
 
Recorded
 
 
Recorded
 
 
Income
 
 
 
Investment
 
 
Balance
 
 
Allowance
 
 
Investment (1)
 
 
Investment (2)
 
 
Recognized (2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Related allowance recorded
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Commercial real estate
 $204,645 
 $225,681 
 $65,150 
 $207,572 
 $212,451 
 $0 
   Residential real estate
    
    
    
    
    
    
    - 1st lien
  1,071,713 
  1,108,286 
  153,570 
  1,055,232 
  608,943 
  20,535 
    - Jr lien
  224,957 
  293,638 
  119,224 
  254,291 
  238,679 
  305 
 
  1,501,315 
  1,627,605 
  337,944 
  1,517,095 
  1,060,073 
  20,840 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
No related allowance recorded
    
    
    
    
    
    
   Commercial & industrial
  48,385 
  62,498 
    
  91,882 
  70,133 
  0 
   Commercial real estate
  1,735,982 
  2,305,028 
    
  1,749,498 
  1,105,573 
  50,123 
   Residential real estate
    
    
    
    
    
    
    - 1st lien
  2,705,775 
  3,006,813 
    
  2,630,926 
  1,587,592 
  87,720 
    - Jr lien
  154,839 
  154,918 
    
  145,830 
  107,120 
  0 
 
  4,644,981 
  5,529,257 
    
  4,618,136 
  2,870,418 
  137,843 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
 
 $6,146,296 
 $7,156,862 
 $337,944 
 $6,135,231 
 $3,930,491 
 $158,683 
 
(1) For the three months ended September 30, 2017
(2) For the nine months ended September 30, 2017
 
In the table above, recorded investment ofin impaired loans as of September 30, 2017 includes accrued interest receivable and deferred net loan costs of $20,822.
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2016
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unpaid
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
 
 
Recorded
 
 
Principal
 
 
Related
 
 
Recorded
 
 
 
Investment
 
 
Balance
 
 
Allowance
 
 
Investment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Related allowance recorded
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Commercial real estate
 $220,257 
 $232,073 
 $86,400 
 $89,664 
   Residential real estate - 1st lien
  271,962 
  275,118 
  6,200 
  350,709 
   Residential real estate - Jr lien
  224,053 
  284,342 
  114,800 
  241,965 
 
  716,272 
  791,533 
  207,400 
  682,338 
 
    
    
    
    
No related allowance recorded
    
    
    
    
   Commercial & industrial
  48,385 
  62,498 
    
  183,925 
   Commercial real estate
  467,238 
  521,991 
    
  1,059,542 
   Residential real estate - 1st lien
  674,847 
  893,741 
    
  877,237 
   Residential real estate - Jr lien
  0 
  0 
    
  15,888 
 
  1,190,470 
  1,478,230 
    
  2,136,592 
 
    
    
    
    
 
 $1,906,742 
 $2,269,763 
 $207,400 
 $2,818,930 
19
 
 
As of September 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unpaid
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
 
Average
 
 
 
Recorded
 
 
Principal
 
 
Related
 
 
Recorded
 
 
Recorded
 
 
 
Investment
 
 
Balance
 
 
Allowance
 
 
Investment(1)
 
 
Investment(2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Related allowance recorded
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Commercial real estate
 $228,062 
 $235,152 
 $92,900 
 $0 
 $45,612 
   Residential real estate
    
    
    
    
    
    - 1st lien
  436,191 
  579,182 
  19,000 
  435,802 
  296,316 
    - Jr lien
  226,590 
  284,314 
  115,600 
  262,589 
  197,154 
 
  890,843 
  1,098,648 
  227,500 
  698,391 
  539,082 
 
    
    
    
    
    
No related allowance recorded
    
    
    
    
    
   Commercial & industrial
  188,528 
  262,297 
    
  198,137 
  174,248 
   Commercial real estate
  475,790 
  523,245 
    
  901,468 
  966,095 
   Residential real estate
    
    
    
    
    
    - 1st lien
  628,561 
  729,602 
    
  918,378 
  742,267 
    - Jr lien
  0 
  0 
    
  39,721 
  15,888 
 
  1,292,879 
  1,515,144 
    
  2,057,704 
  1,898,498 
 
    
    
    
    
    
 
 $2,183,722 
 $2,613,792 
 $227,500 
 $2,756,095 
 $2,437,580 
(1) For the three months ended September 30, 2016
(2) For the nine months ended September 30, 2016
Interest income recognized on impaired loans was immaterial for the December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2016 periods presented.
 
For all loan segments, the accrual of interest is discontinued when a loan is specifically determined to be impaired or when the loan is delinquent 90 days and management believes, after considering collection efforts and other factors, that the borrower's financial condition is such that collection of interest is considered by management to be doubtful. Any unpaid interest previously accrued on those loans is reversed from income. Interest income is generally not recognized on specific impaired loans unless the likelihood of further loss is considered by management to be remote. Interest payments received on impaired loans are generally applied as a reduction of the loan principal balance. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are considered by management to be reasonably assured.
 
Credit Quality Grouping
 
In developing the ALL, management uses credit quality grouping to help evaluate trends in credit quality. The Company groups credit risk into Groups A, B and C. The manner the Company utilizes to assign risk grouping is driven by loan purpose. Commercial purpose loans are individually risk graded while the retail portion of the portfolio is generally grouped by delinquency pool.
 
Group A loans - Acceptable Risk – are loans that are expected to perform as agreed under their respective terms. Such loans carry a normal level of risk that does not require management attention beyond that warranted by the loan or loan relationship characteristics, such as loan size or relationship size. Group A loans include commercial purpose loans that are individually risk rated and retail loans that are rated by pool. Group A retail loans include performing consumer and residential real estate loans. Residential real estate loans are loans to individuals secured by 1-4 family homes, including first mortgages, home equity and home improvement loans. Loan balances fully secured by deposit accounts or that are fully guaranteed by the Federal Governmentfederal government are considered acceptable risk.
 
Group B loans – Management Involved - are loans that require greater attention than the acceptable risk loans in Group A. Characteristics of such loans may include, but are not limited to, borrowers that are experiencing negative operating trends such as reduced sales or margins, borrowers that have exposure to adverse market conditions such as increased competition or regulatory burden, or borrowers that have had unexpected or adverse changes in management. These loans have a greater likelihood of migrating to an unacceptable risk level if these characteristics are left unchecked. Group B is limited to commercial purpose loans that are individually risk rated.
 
20

 
Group C loans – Unacceptable Risk – are loans that have distinct shortcomings that require a greater degree of management attention. Examples of these shortcomings include a borrower's inadequate capacity to service debt, poor operating performance, or insolvency. These loans are more likely to result in repayment through collateral liquidation. Group C loans range from those that are likely to sustain some loss if the shortcomings are not corrected, to those for which loss is imminent and non-accrual treatment is warranted. Group C loans include individually rated commercial purpose loans and retail loans adversely rated in accordance with the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council’s Uniform Retail Credit Classification Policy. Group C retail loans include 1-4 family residential real estate loans and home equity loans past due 90 days or more with loan-to-value ratios greater than 60%, home equity loans 90 days or more past due where the Bank does not hold first mortgage, irrespective of loan-to-value, loans in bankruptcy where repayment is likely but not yet established, and lastly consumer loans that are 90 days or more past due.
 
Commercial purpose loan ratings are assigned by the commercial account officer; for larger and more complex commercial loans, the credit rating is a collaborative assignment by the lender and the credit analyst. The credit risk rating is based on the borrower's expected performance, i.e., the likelihood that the borrower will be able to service its obligations in accordance with the loan terms. Credit risk ratings are meant to measure risk versus simply record history. Assessment of expected future payment performance requires consideration of numerous factors. While past performance is part of the overall evaluation, expected performance is based on an analysis of the borrower's financial strength, and historical and projected factors such as size and financing alternatives, capacity and cash flow, balance sheet and income statement trends, the quality and timeliness of financial reporting, and the quality of the borrower’s management. Other factors influencing the credit risk rating to a lesser degree include collateral coverage and control, guarantor strength and commitment, documentation, structure and covenants and industry conditions. There are uncertainties inherent in this process.
 
Credit risk ratings are dynamic and require updating whenever relevant information is received. The risk ratings of larger or more complex loans, and Group B and C rated loans, are assessed at the time of their respective annual reviews, during quarterly updates, in action plans or at any other time that relevant information warrants update. Lenders are required to make immediate disclosure to the Chief Credit Officer of any known increase in loan risk, even if considered temporary in nature.
 
The risk ratings within the loan portfolio, by segment, as of the balance sheet dates were as follows:
 
As of September 30, 20172018
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
 
 
 
& Industrial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
1st Lien
 
 
Jr Lien
 
 
Consumer
 
 
Total
 
 
& Industrial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
1st Lien
 
 
Jr Lien
 
 
Consumer
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Group A
 $74,066,398 
 $201,257,154 
 $164,684,918 
 $43,235,529 
 $6,308,962 
 $489,552,961 
 $86,827,911 
 $215,278,568 
 $164,281,005 
 $43,803,524 
 $4,749,966 
 $514,940,974 
Group B
  277,046 
  877,021 
  0 
  154,942 
  0 
  1,309,009 
  81,835 
  472,925 
  247,891 
  33,515 
  0 
  836,166 
Group C
  3,260,816 
  8,849,493 
  2,500,956 
  572,107 
  2,777 
  15,186,149 
  2,211,080 
  8,468,836 
  3,325,096 
  712,240 
  8,631 
  14,725,883 
 $77,604,260 
 $210,983,668 
 $167,185,874 
 $43,962,578 
 $6,311,739 
 $506,048,119 
 $89,120,826 
 $224,220,329 
 $167,853,992 
 $44,549,279 
 $4,758,597 
 $530,503,023 
 
 
As of December 31, 20162017
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
 
 
 
& Industrial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
1st Lien
 
 
Jr Lien
 
 
Consumer
 
 
Total
 
 
& Industrial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
1st Lien
 
 
Jr Lien
 
 
Consumer
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Group A
 $67,297,983 
 $191,755,393 
 $164,708,778 
 $42,289,062 
 $7,168,901 
 $473,220,117 
 $73,352,768 
 $194,066,034 
 $165,089,999 
 $44,687,951 
 $5,267,196 
 $482,463,948 
Group B
  512,329 
  2,971,364 
  0 
  169,054 
  0 
  3,652,747 
  617,526 
  4,609,847 
  282,671 
  37,598 
  0 
  5,547,642 
Group C
  920,261 
  7,001,523 
  1,983,184 
  469,219 
  2,175 
  10,376,362 
  3,140,453 
  8,368,346 
  2,811,465 
  531,313 
  1,484 
  14,853,061 
 $68,730,573 
 $201,728,280 
 $166,691,962 
 $42,927,335 
 $7,171,076 
 $487,249,226 
 $77,110,747 
 $207,044,227 
 $168,184,135 
 $45,256,862 
 $5,268,680 
 $502,864,651 
 
21

 
As of September 30, 20162017
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
 
 
 
& Industrial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
1st Lien
 
 
Jr Lien
 
 
Consumer
 
 
Total
 
 
& Industrial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
1st Lien
 
 
Jr Lien
 
 
Consumer
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Group A
 $67,062,235 
 $179,855,087 
 $158,989,152 
 $41,124,097 
 $7,131,741 
 $454,162,312 
 $74,066,398 
 $201,257,154 
 $164,684,918 
 $43,235,529 
 $6,308,962 
 $489,552,961 
Group B
  1,551,890 
  3,270,984 
  451,736 
  146,896 
  0 
  5,421,506 
  277,046 
  877,021 
  0 
  154,942 
  0 
  1,309,009 
Group C
  1,177,206 
  7,120,519 
  1,836,518 
  468,834 
  0 
  10,603,077 
  3,260,816 
  8,849,493 
  2,500,956 
  572,107 
  2,777 
  15,186,149 

 $69,791,331 
 $190,246,590 
 $161,277,406 
 $41,739,827 
 $7,131,741 
 $470,186,895 
 $77,604,260 
 $210,983,668 
 $167,185,874 
 $43,962,578 
 $6,311,739 
 $506,048,119 
 
Modifications of Loans and TDRs
 
A loan is classified as a TDR if, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, the Company grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider.
 
The Company is deemed to have granted such a concession if it has modified a troubled loan in any of the following ways:
 
Reduced accrued interest;
Reduced the original contractual interest rate to a rate that is below the current market rate for the borrower;
Converted a variable-rate loan to a fixed-rate loan;
Extended the term of the loan beyond an insignificant delay;
Deferred or forgiven principal in an amount greater than three months of payments; or
Performed a refinancing and deferred or forgiven principal on the original loan.
 
An insignificant delay or insignificant shortfall in the amount of payments typically would not require the loan to be accounted for as a TDR. However, pursuant to regulatory guidance, any payment delay longer than three months is generally not considered insignificant. Management’s assessment of whether a concession has been granted also takes into account payments expected to be received from third parties, including third-party guarantors, provided that the third party has the ability to perform on the guarantee.
 
The Company’s TDRs are principally a result of extending loan repayment terms to relieve cash flow difficulties. The Company has only, on a limited basis, reduced interest rates for borrowers below the current market rate for the borrower. The Company has not forgiven principal or reduced accrued interest within the terms of original restructurings, nor has it converted variable rate terms to fixed rate terms. However, the Company evaluates each TDR situation on its own merits and does not foreclose the granting of any particular type of concession.
 
New TDRs, by portfolio segment, during the periods presented were as follows:
 
Three months ended September 30, 2017Nine months ended September 30, 2017
 Pre-Post- Pre-Post-  Three months ended September 30, 2018  Nine months ended September 30, 2018
 
 Modification Modification    Pre-  Post-     Pre-  Post-
 
 Outstanding Outstanding    Modification  Modification     Modification  Modification
 
Number ofRecordedNumber ofRecorded    Outstanding  Outstanding     Outstanding  Outstanding
 
ContractsInvestmentContractsInvestment Number of  Recorded  Recorded  Number of  Recorded  Recorded
 
  Contracts  Investment  Investment  Contracts  Investment  Investment
 
Residential real estate    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- 1st lien1$80,323$87,8442$122,180$145,262
 
1
 
$
49,108
 
$
50,814
 
8
 
$
947,671
 
$
1,054,280
 
 
 
22
Year ended December 31, 2017    Pre-  Post-
 
     Modification  Modification
 
     Outstanding  Outstanding
 
  Number of  Recorded  Recorded
 
  Contracts  Investment  Investment
 
Residential real estate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - 1st lien
 
4
 
$
256,353
 
$
287,385
 
 
Year ended December 31, 2016
 
 
 
 
Pre-
 
 
Post-
 
 
 
 
 
 
Modification
 
 
Modification
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding
 
 
Outstanding
 
 
 
Number of
 
 
Recorded
 
 
Recorded
 
 
 
Contracts
 
 
Investment
 
 
Investment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential real estate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - 1st lien
  8 
 $572,418 
 $598,030 
 - Jr lien
  2 
  62,819 
  64,977 
 
  10 
 $635,237 
 $663,007 

 
 
Three months ended September 30, 2016
 
 
Nine months ended September 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
Pre-
 
 
Post-
 
 
 
 
 
Pre-
 
 
Post-
 
  Three months ended September 30, 2017  Nine months ended September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
Modification
 
 
 
 
 
Modification
 
    Pre-  Post-     Pre-  Post-
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding
 
    Modification  Modification     Modification  Modification
 
 
Number of
 
 
Recorded
 
 
Number of
 
 
Recorded
 
    Outstanding  Outstanding     Outstanding  Outstanding
 
 
Contracts
 
 
Investment
 
 
Contracts
 
 
Investment
 
 Number of  Recorded  Recorded  Number of  Recorded  Recorded
 
 
 
 
 Contracts  Investment  Investment  Contracts  Investment  Investment
 
Residential real estate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- 1st lien
  3 
 $177,182 
 $185,107 
  8 
 $572,418 
 $598,030 
 
1
 
$
80,323
 
$
87,844
 
2
 
$
122,180
 
$
145,262
 
- Jr lien
  0 
  2 
  62,819 
  64,977 

  3 
 $177,182 
 $185,107 
  10 
 $635,237 
 $663,007 
 
The TDR’sTDRs for which there was a payment default during the twelve month periods presented were as follows:
 
Twelve months ended September 30, 2017
 
Number of
 
 
Recorded
 
Twelve months ended September 30, 2018
 
Number of
 
 
Recorded
 
 
Contracts
 
 
Investment
 
 
Contracts
 
 
Investment
 
 
 
 
Residential real estate – 1st lien
  1 
 $87,844 
  3 
 $479,652 
 
 
Twelve months ended December 31, 2016
 
Number of
 
 
Recorded
 
 
 
Contracts
 
 
Investment
 
Residential real estate - 1st lien
  2 
 $93,230 
Residential real estate - Jr lien
  1 
  54,557 
 
  3 
 $147,787 
Twelve months ended December 31, 2017
 
Number of
 
 
Recorded
 
 
 
Contracts
 
 
Investment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential real estate - 1st lien
  1 
 $87,696 
 
 
Twelve months ended September 30, 2016
 
Number of
 
 
Recorded
 
 
 
Contracts
 
 
Investment
 
Commercial
  1 
 $71,808 
Commercial real estate
  1 
  228,063 
Residential real estate - 1st lien
  2 
  94,004 
Residential real estate - Jr lien
  1 
  54,557 
 
  5 
 $448,432 
Twelve months ended September 30, 2017
 
Number of
 
 
Recorded
 
 
 
Contracts
 
 
Investment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential real estate – 1st lien
  1 
 $87,844 
 
 
TDRs are treated as other impaired loans and carry individual specific reserves with respect to the calculation of the ALL. These loans are categorized as non-performing, may be past due, and are generally adversely risk rated. The TDRs that have defaulted under their restructured terms are generally in collection status and their reserve is typically calculated using the fair value of collateral method.
 
23
The specific allowances related to TDRs as of the balance sheet dates are presented in the table below.
 
 
 
September 30,
 
 
December 31,
 
 
September 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Specific Allocation(1)
 $216,939 
 $92,600 
 $98,600 
(1) The increase in specific allocations at September 30, 2017 is principally related to the change in methodology during the second quarter of 2017 that recognized all TDR’s as impaired.
 
 
September 30,
 
 
December 31,
 
 
September 30,
 
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Specific Allocation
 $142,767 
 $197,605 
 $216,939 
 
 
As of the balance sheet dates, the Company evaluates whether it is contractually committed to lend additional funds to debtors with impaired, non-accrual or modified loans. The Company is contractually committed to lend on one Small Business Administration (SBA)SBA guaranteed line of credit to a borrower whose lending relationship was previously restructured.
 
Note 6. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
 
As a result of a merger with LyndonBank on December 31, 2007, the Company recorded goodwill amounting to $11,574,269. The goodwill is not amortizable and is not deductible for tax purposes.
 
The Company also initially recorded $4,161,000 of acquired identified intangible assets in the LyndonBank merger, representing the core deposit intangibleCDI which iswas subject to amortization as a non-interest expense over a ten year period. The accumulated amortization expenseperiod and was $4,092,834 and $3,820,139 as of September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Amortization expense for the core deposit intangible for the first nine months of 2017 and 2016 was $204,525. The future amortization expense related to the remaining core deposit intangible is $68,166 and will be fully expensedamortized in 2017.
 
Management evaluates goodwill for impairment annually and the core deposit intangible for impairment if conditions warrant.annually. As of the date of the most recent evaluation (December 31, 2016)2017), management concluded that no impairment existed in either category.existed.

 
Note 7. Fair Value
 
Certain assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value to provide additional insight into the Company’s quality of earnings. The fair values of some of these assets and liabilities are measured on a recurring basis while others are measured on a non-recurring basis, with the determination based upon applicable existing accounting pronouncements. For example, securities available-for-saleAFS are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Other assets, such as MSRs, loans held-for-sale, impaired loans, and OREO are recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis using the lower of cost or market methodology to determine impairment of individual assets. The Company groups assets and liabilities which are recorded at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. The level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement (with Level 1 considered highest and Level 3 considered lowest). A brief description of each level follows.
 
Level 1 
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 1 assets and liabilities include debt and equity securities and derivative contracts that are traded in an active exchange market, as well as U.S. Treasury, other U.S. Government debt securities that are highly liquid and are actively traded in over-the-counter markets.
 
Level 2 
Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 2 assets and liabilities include debt securities with quoted prices that are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments and derivative contracts whose value is determined using a pricing model with inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. This category generally includes MSRs, impaired loans and OREO.
 
Level 3 
Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.
 
 
24
The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating its fair value measurements and disclosures:
 
Cash and cash equivalents:  The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for cash and cash equivalents approximate their fair values. As such, the Company classifies these financial instruments as Level 1.
 
Securities AFS and HTM:  Fair value measurement is based upon quoted prices for similar assets, if available. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using matrix pricing models, or other model-based valuation techniques requiring observable inputs other than quoted prices such as yield curves, prepayment speeds and default rates. Level 1 securities would include U.S. Treasury securities that are traded by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter markets. Level 2 securities include federal agency securities and securities of local municipalities.
 
Restricted equity securities:  Restricted equity securities are comprised primarily of Federal Reserve Bank of Boston (FRBB)FRBB stock and Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston (FHLBB)FHLBB stock. These securities are carried at cost, which is believed to approximate fair value, based on the redemption provisions of the FRBB and the FHLBB. The stock is nonmarketable, and redeemable at par value, subject to certain conditions. The Company classifies these securities as Level 2.
 
Loans and loans held-for-sale:  For variable-rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying amounts. The fair values for other loans (for example, fixed rate residential, commercial real estate,CRE, and rental property mortgage loans, and commercial and industrial loans) are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, based on interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality. Loan fair value estimates include judgments regarding future expected loss experience and risk characteristics. Loan impairment is deemed to exist when full repayment of principal and interest according to the contractual terms of the loan is no longer probable. Impaired loans are reported based on one of three measures: the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; the loan’s observable market price; or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. If the fair value is less than an impaired loan’s recorded investment, an impairment loss is recognized as part of the ALL. Accordingly, certain impaired loans may be subject to measurement at fair value on a non-recurring basis. Management has estimated the fair values of collateral-dependent loans using Level 2 inputs, such as the fair value of collateral based on independent third-party appraisals. All other loans are valued using Level 3 inputs.
 

The fair value of loans held-for-sale is based upon an actual purchase and sale agreement between the Company and an independent market participant. The sale is executed within a reasonable period following quarter end at the stated fair value.
 
MSRs:  MSRs represent the value associated with servicing residential mortgage loans. Servicing assets and servicing liabilities are reported using the amortization method and compared to fair value for impairment. In evaluating the carrying values of MSRs, the Company obtains third party valuations based on loan level data including note rate, and the type and term of the underlying loans. The Company classifies MSRs as non-recurring Level 2. See Note 1 under the “Use of estimates” section to the audited consolidated financial statements contained in the Company’s December 31, 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information.
 
OREO:  Real estate acquired through or in lieu of foreclosure and bank properties no longer used as bank premises are initially recorded at fair value. The fair value of OREO is based on property appraisals and an analysis of similar properties currently available. The Company records OREO as non-recurring Level 2.
 
Deposits, repurchase agreements and borrowed funds:  The fair values disclosed for demand deposits (for example, checking accounts and savings accounts) are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (that is, their carrying amounts). The carrying value of repurchase agreements approximates fair value due to their short term. The fair values for certificates of deposit and borrowed funds are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on certificates and indebtedness to a schedule of aggregated contractual maturities on such time deposits and indebtedness. The Company classifies deposits, repurchase agreements and borrowed funds as Level 2.
 
Capital lease obligations:  Fair value is determined using a discounted cash flow calculation using current rates. Based on current rates, carrying value approximates fair value. The Company classifies these obligations as Level 2.
 
Junior subordinated debentures:  Fair value is estimated using current rates for debentures of similar maturity. The Company classifies these instruments as Level 2.
 
25
Accrued interest:  The carrying amounts of accrued interest approximate their fair values. The Company classifies accrued interest as Level 2.
 
Off-balance-sheet credit related instruments:  Commitments to extend credit are evaluated and fair value is estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present credit-worthiness of the counterparties. For fixed-rate loan commitments, fair value also considers the difference between current levels of interest rates and the committed rates.
 
FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC)ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments”, requires disclosures of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheet, if the fair values can be reasonably determined. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques using observable inputs when available. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument. Topic 825 excludes certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial instruments from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented may not necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Company.
 
Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
 
Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and reflected in the consolidated balance sheets at the dates presented, segregated by fair value hierarchy, are summarized below:
September 30, 2017
Level 2
Assets: (market approach)
U.S. GSE debt securities
$15,256,844
Agency MBS
16,508,044
Other investments
4,954,785
$36,719,673
December 31, 2016
Level 2
Assets: (market approach)
U.S. GSE debt securities
$17,317,328
Agency MBS
13,154,228
Other investments
3,243,495
$33,715,051
September 30, 2016
Level 2
Assets: (market approach)
U.S. GSE debt securities
$13,843,494
Agency MBS
12,526,616
Other investments
3,042,106
$29,412,216
below. There were no Level 1 or Level 3 assets or liabilities measured on a recurring basis as of the balance sheet dates presented.presented, nor were there any transfers of assets between Levels during 2018 or 2017.
Level 2
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
Assets: (market approach)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. GSE debt securities
 $13,567,760 
 $17,158,742 
 $15,256,844 
Agency MBS
  16,108,860 
  16,613,337 
  16,508,044 
ABS and OAS
  1,966,868 
  0 
  0 
Other investments
  7,283,895 
  4,678,574 
  4,954,785 
 
 $38,927,383 
 $38,450,653 
 $36,719,673 

 
Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis
 
The following table includes assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis that have had a fair value adjustment since their initial recognition. Impaired loans measured at fair value only include impaired loans with a related specific ALL and are presented net of specific allowances as disclosed in Note 5.
 
26
Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and reflected in the consolidated balance sheets at the dates presented, segregated by fair value hierarchy, are summarized below:below. There were no Level 1 or Level 3 assets or liabilities measured on a non-recurring basis as of the balance sheet dates presented, nor were there any transfers of assets between Levels during 2018 or 2017.
 
September 30, 2017
Level 2
Assets: (market approach)
MSRs (1)
$1,113,034
Impaired loans, net of related allowance
0
OREO
324,235
December 31, 2016
Level 2
Assets: (market approach)
MSRs (1)
$1,210,695
Impaired loans, net of related allowance
508,872
OREO
394,000
September 30, 2016
Level 2
Assets: (market approach)
MSRs (1)
$1,215,311
Impaired loans, net of related allowance
663,343
OREO
409,000
Level 2
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
Assets: (market approach)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MSRs (1)
 $1,020,873 
 $1,083,286 
 $1,113,034 
Impaired loans, net of related allowance
  129,043 
  135,630 
  0 
OREO
  198,235 
  284,235 
  324,235 
 
(1) Represents MSRs at lower of cost or fair value, including MSRs deemed to be impaired and for which a valuation allowance was established to carry at fair value as of the balance sheet dates presented.
 
There were no Level 1 or Level 3 assets or liabilities measured on a non-recurring basis as of the balance sheet dates presented.
27
 
The estimated fair values of commitments to extend credit and letters of credit were immaterial as of the dates presented in the tables below. The estimated fair values of the Company's financial instruments were as follows:
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
Fair
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
Fair
 
 
Carrying
 
 
Value
 
 
Carrying
 
 
Value
 
 
Amount
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
 
 
Amount
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
 
Financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 $29,720 
 $0 
 $29,720 
 $40,398 
 $0 
 $40,398 
Securities held-to-maturity
  53,882 
  0 
  54,571 
  0 
  54,571 
Securities available-for-sale
  36,720 
  0 
  36,720 
  0 
  36,720 
Securities HTM
  50,802 
  0 
  50,960 
  0 
  50,960 
Securities AFS
  38,927 
  0 
  38,927 
  0 
  38,927 
Restricted equity securities
  1,700 
  0 
  1,700 
  0 
  1,700 
  1,745 
  0 
  1,745 
  0 
  1,745 
Loans and loans held-for-sale
    
Loans and loans held-for-sale, net of ALL
    
Commercial & industrial
  76,890 
  0 
  77,533 
  88,295 
  0 
  87,925 
Commercial real estate
  208,232 
  0 
  209,648 
  221,306 
  0 
  218,670 
Residential real estate - 1st lien
  166,366 
  0 
  168,903 
  166,842 
  0 
  163,511 
Residential real estate - Jr lien
  43,555 
  0 
  43,931 
  44,175 
  0 
  129 
  43,927 
  44,056 
Consumer
  6,256 
  0 
  6,491 
  4,705 
  0 
  4,797 
MSRs (1)
  1,113 
  0 
  1,289 
  0 
  1,289 
  1,021 
  0 
  1,438 
  0 
  1,438 
Accrued interest receivable
  1,893 
  0 
  1,893 
  0 
  1,893 
  2,216 
  0 
  2,216 
  0 
  2,216 
    
    
Financial liabilities:
    
    
Deposits
    
    
Other deposits
  502,963 
  0 
  502,203 
  0 
  502,203 
  542,798 
  0 
  540,845 
  0 
  540,845 
Brokered deposits
  53,789 
  0 
  53,786 
  0 
  53,786 
  42,687 
  0 
  42,627 
  0 
  42,627 
Long-term borrowings
  3,550 
  0 
  3,219 
  0 
  3,219 
  1,550 
  0 
  1,403 
  0 
  1,403 
Repurchase agreements
  27,459 
  0 
  27,459 
  0 
  27,459 
  30,679 
  0 
  30,679 
  0 
  30,679 
Capital lease obligations
  409 
  0 
  409 
  0 
  409 
  296 
  0 
  296 
  0 
  296 
Subordinated debentures
  12,887 
  0 
  12,844 
  0 
  12,844 
  12,887 
  0 
  12,808 
  0 
  12,808 
Accrued interest payable
  109 
  0 
  109 
  0 
  109 
  145 
  0 
  145 
  0 
  145 
 
(1) Reported fair value represents all MSRs for loans serviced by the Company at September 30, 2018, regardless of carrying amount.

December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
Fair
 
 
Fair
 
 
Fair
 
 
Fair
 
 
 
Carrying
 
 
Value
 
 
Value
 
 
Value
 
 
Value
 
 
 
Amount
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
 
Financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 $42,654 
 $42,654 
 $0 
 $0 
 $42,654 
Securities HTM
  48,825 
  0 
  48,796 
  0 
  48,796 
Securities AFS
  38,451 
  0 
  38,451 
  0 
  38,451 
Restricted equity securities
  1,704 
  0 
  1,704 
  0 
  1,704 
Loans and loans held-for-sale, net of ALL
    
    
    
    
    
  Commercial & industrial
  76,394 
  0 
  0 
  76,799 
  76,799 
  Commercial real estate
  204,260 
  0 
  136 
  204,697 
  204,833 
  Residential real estate - 1st lien
  167,671 
  0 
  0 
  169,205 
  169,205 
  Residential real estate - Jr lien
  44,916 
  0 
  0 
  45,207 
  45,207 
  Consumer
  5,223 
  0 
  0 
  5,425 
  5,425 
MSRs(1)
  1,083 
  0 
  1,337 
  0 
  1,337 
Accrued interest receivable
  2,052 
  0 
  2,052 
  0 
  2,052 
 
    
    
    
    
    
Financial liabilities:
    
    
    
    
    
Deposits
    
    
    
    
    
  Other deposits
  509,686 
  0 
  508,407 
  0 
  508,407 
  Brokered deposits
  50,949 
  0 
  50,926 
  0 
  50,926 
Long-term borrowings
  3,550 
  0 
  3,191 
  0 
  3,191 
Repurchase agreements
  28,648 
  0 
  28,648 
  0 
  28,648 
Capital lease obligations
  382 
  0 
  382 
  0 
  382 
Subordinated debentures
  12,887 
  0 
  12,832 
  0 
  12,832 
Accrued interest payable
  101 
  0 
  101 
  0 
  101 
(1) Reported fair value represents all MSRs for loans serviced by the Company at December 31, 2017, regardless of carrying amount.

September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
Fair
 
 
Fair
 
 
Fair
 
 
Fair
 
 
 
Carrying
 
 
Value
 
 
Value
 
 
Value
 
 
Value
 
 
 
Amount
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
 
Financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 $29,720 
 $29,720 
 $0 
 $0 
 $29,720 
Securities HTM
  53,882 
  0 
  54,571 
  0 
  54,571 
Securities AFS
  36,720 
  0 
  36,720 
  0 
  36,720 
Restricted equity securities
  1,700 
  0 
  1,700 
  0 
  1,700 
Loans and loans held-for-sale, net of ALL
    
    
    
    
    
  Commercial & industrial
  76,890 
  0 
  0 
  77,533 
  77,533 
  Commercial real estate
  208,232 
  0 
  0 
  209,648 
  209,648 
  Residential real estate - 1st lien
  166,366 
  0 
  0 
  168,903 
  168,903 
  Residential real estate - Jr lien
  43,555 
  0 
  0 
  43,931 
  43,931 
  Consumer
  6,256 
  0 
  0 
  6,491 
  6,491 
MSRs (1)
  1,113 
  0 
  1,289 
  0 
  1,289 
Accrued interest receivable
  1,893 
  0 
  1,893 
  0 
  1,893 
 
    
    
    
    
    
Financial liabilities:
    
    
    
    
    
Deposits
    
    
    
    
    
  Other deposits
  502,963 
  0 
  502,203 
  0 
  502,203 
  Brokered deposits
  53,789 
  0 
  53,786 
  0 
  53,786 
Long-term borrowings
  3,550 
  0 
  3,219 
  0 
  3,219 
Repurchase agreements
  27,459 
  0 
  27,459 
  0 
  27,459 
Capital lease obligations
  409 
  0 
  409 
  0 
  409 
Subordinated debentures
  12,887 
  0 
  12,844 
  0 
  12,844 
Accrued interest payable
  109 
  0 
  109 
  0 
  109 
 
(1) Reported fair value represents all MSRs for loans serviced by the Company at September 30, 2017, regardless of carrying amount.
28
December 31, 2016
 
 
 
 
Fair
 
 
Fair
 
 
Fair
 
 
Fair
 
 
 
Carrying
 
 
Value
 
 
Value
 
 
Value
 
 
Value
 
 
 
Amount
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
 
Financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 $29,614 
 $29,614 
 $0 
 $0 
 $29,614 
Securities held-to-maturity
  49,887 
  0 
  51,035 
  0 
  51,035 
Securities available-for-sale
  33,715 
  0 
  33,715 
  0 
  33,715 
Restricted equity securities
  2,756 
  0 
  2,756 
  0 
  2,756 
Loans and loans held-for-sale
    
    
    
    
    
  Commercial & industrial
  67,972 
  0 
  48 
  68,727 
  68,775 
  Commercial real estate
  199,136 
  0 
  601 
  201,560 
  202,161 
  Residential real estate - 1st lien
  165,243 
  0 
  941 
  166,858 
  167,799 
  Residential real estate - Jr lien
  42,536 
  0 
  109 
  42,948 
  43,057 
  Consumer
  7,084 
  0 
  0 
  7,371 
  7,371 
MSRs(1)
  1,211 
  0 
  1,302 
  0 
  1,302 
Accrued interest receivable
  1,819 
  0 
  1,819 
  0 
  1,819 
 
    
    
    
    
    
Financial liabilities:
    
    
    
    
    
Deposits
    
    
    
    
    
  Other deposits
  470,002 
  0 
  469,323 
  0 
  469,323 
  Brokered deposits
  34,733 
  0 
  34,745 
  0 
  34,745 
Short-term borrowings
  30,000 
  0 
  30,000 
  0 
  30,000 
Long-term borrowings
  1,550 
  0 
  1,376 
  0 
  1,376 
Repurchase agreements
  30,423 
  0 
  30,423 
  0 
  30,423 
Capital lease obligations
  483 
  0 
  483 
  0 
  483 
Subordinated debentures
  12,887 
  0 
  12,849 
  0 
  12,849 
Accrued interest payable
  73 
  0 
  73 
  0 
  73 
(1) Reported fair value represents all MSRs for loans serviced by the Company at December 31, 2016, regardless of carrying amount.
29
September 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
Fair
 
 
Fair
 
 
Fair
 
 
Fair
 
 
 
Carrying
 
 
Value
 
 
Value
 
 
Value
 
 
Value
 
 
 
Amount
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
 
Financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 $12,380 
 $12,380 
 $0 
 $0 
 $12,380 
Securities held-to-maturity
  56,837 
  0 
  57,592 
  0 
  57,592 
Securities available-for-sale
  29,412 
  0 
  29,412 
  0 
  29,412 
Restricted equity securities
  1,856 
  0 
  1,856 
  0 
  1,856 
Loans and loans held-for-sale
    
    
    
    
    
  Commercial & industrial
  68,978 
  0 
  189 
  69,957 
  70,146 
  Commercial real estate
  187,783 
  0 
  611 
  192,329 
  192,940 
  Residential real estate - 1st lien
  160,552 
  0 
  1,046 
  163,770 
  164,816 
  Residential real estate - Jr lien
  41,334 
  0 
  111 
  41,826 
  41,937 
  Consumer
  7,069 
  0 
  0 
  7,358 
  7,358 
MSRs (1)
  1,215 
  0 
  1,333 
  0 
  1,333 
Accrued interest receivable
  1,650 
  0 
  1,650 
  0 
  1,650 
 
    
    
    
    
    
Financial liabilities:
    
    
    
    
    
Deposits
    
    
    
    
    
  Other deposits
  470,587 
  0 
  470,785 
  0 
  470,785 
  Brokered deposits
  33,220 
  0 
  33,223 
  0 
  33,223 
Federal funds purchased and short-term borrowings
  5,245 
  0 
  5,245 
  0 
  5,245 
Long-term borrowings
  550 
  0 
  503 
  0 
  503 
Repurchase agreements
  25,834 
  0 
  25,834 
  0 
  25,834 
Capital lease obligations
  494 
  0 
  494 
  0 
  494 
Subordinated debentures
  12,887 
  0 
  12,852 
  0 
  12,852 
Accrued interest payable
  44 
  0 
  44 
  0 
  44 
(1) Reported fair value represents all MSRs for loans serviced by the Company at September 30, 2016, regardless of carrying amount.
 
 
Note 8. Loan Servicing
 
The following table shows the changes in the carrying amount of the mortgage servicing rights,MSRs, included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets, for the periods indicated:
 
 Nine Months EndedYear EndedNine Months Ended
 September 30, 2017December 31, 2016September 30, 2016
    
Balance at beginning of year$1,210,695$1,293,079$1,293,079
   Mortgage servicing rights capitalized82,686176,705152,900
   Mortgage servicing rights amortized(180,347)(266,603)(208,706)
   Change in valuation allowance07,514(21,962)
Balance at end of period$1,113,034$1,210,695$1,215,311
 
 
Nine Months Ended
 
 
Year Ended
 
 
Nine Months Ended
 
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of year
 $1,083,286 
 $1,210,695 
 $1,210,695 
   MSRs capitalized
  74,415 
  109,297 
  82,686 
   MSRs amortized
  (136,828)
  (236,706)
  (180,347)
Balance at end of period
 $1,020,873 
 $1,083,286 
 $1,113,034 
 
There were no changes in the valuation allowance for the periods presented.
 
Note 9. Legal Proceedings
 
In the normal course of business, the Company and its subsidiary areis involved in litigation that is considered incidental to their business. Management does not expect that any such litigation will be material to the Company's consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
 
Note 10. Subsequent Event
 
The Company has evaluated events and transactions through the date that the financial statements were issued for potential recognition or disclosure in these financial statements, as required by US GAAP. On September 22, 2017,14, 2018, the Company declared a cash dividend of $0.17$0.19 per common share payable November 1, 20172018 to shareholders of record as of October 15, 2017.2018. This dividend amounting to $864,746, was accrued at September 30, 2017.has been recorded as of the declaration date, including shares issuable under the DRIP.
 
30

 
ITEM 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Period Ended September 30, 20172018
 
The following discussion analyzes the consolidated financial condition of Community Bancorp. (the Company) and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Community National Bank (the Bank), as of September 30, 2017,2018, December 31, 20162017, and September 30, 2016,2017, and its consolidated results of operations for the three- and nine-month interim periods presented. Under applicable regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the Company is eligible for relief from certain disclosure requirements available to smaller reporting companies until it files its first quarterly report on Form 10-Q for 2018.
 
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in its 20162017 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC.
Capitalized terms, abbreviations and acronyms used throughout the following discussion are defined in Note 1 to the Company’s unaudited consolidated financial statements contained in Part I, Item 1 of this report.
 
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
This Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) contains certain forward-looking statements aboutwithin the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, regarding the results of operations, financial condition and business of the Company and its subsidiary. Words used in the discussion below such as "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "intends," "estimates," “projects”, "plans," “assumes”, "predicts," or“may”, “might”, “will”, “could”, “should” and similar expressions, indicate that management of the Company is making forward-looking statements.
 
Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance. They necessarily involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Future results of the Company may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements. Examples of forward looking statements included in this discussion include, but are not limited to, estimated contingent liability related to assumptions made within the asset/liability management process, management's expectations as to the future interest rate environment and the Company's related liquidity level, credit risk expectations relating to the Company's loan portfolio and its participation in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston (FHLBB) Mortgage Partnership Finance (MPF)FHLBB MPF program, and management's general outlook for the future performance of the Company or the local or national economy. Although forward-looking statements are based on management's current expectations and estimates as of the date they are made, many of the factors that could influence or determine actual results are unpredictable and not within the Company's control.
Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by these forward-looking statements include, among others, the following possibilities:
general economic or business conditions, either nationally, regionally or locally, deteriorate, resulting in a decline in credit quality or a diminished demand for the Company's products and services;
competitive pressures increase among financial service providers in the Company's northern New England market area or in the financial services industry generally, including competitive pressures from non-bank financial service providers, from increasing consolidation and integration of financial service providers, and from changes in technology and delivery systems;
interest rates change in such a way as to negatively affect the Company's net income, asset valuations or margins;
changes in laws or government rules, including the rules of the federal Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, or the way in which courts or government agencies interpret or implement those laws or rules, increase our costs of doing business, causing us to limit or change our product offerings or pricing, or otherwise adversely affect the Company's business;
changes in federal or state tax laws or policy;
changes in the level of nonperforming assets and charge-offs;
changes in applicable accounting policies, practices and standards, including, without limitation, implementation of pending changes to the measurement of credit losses in financial statements under US GAAP pursuant to the CECL model;
changes in consumer and business spending, borrowing and savings habits;
reductions in deposit levels, which necessitate increased borrowings to fund loans and investments;
the geographic concentration of the Company’s loan portfolio and deposit base;
losses due to the fraudulent or negligent conduct of third parties, including the Company’s service providers, customers and employees;
cybersecurity risks could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial performance or reputation and could result in financial liability for losses incurred by customers or others due to data breaches or other compromise of the Company’s information security systems;
higher-than-expected costs are incurred relating to information technology or difficulties arise in implementing technological enhancements;

changes to the calculation of the Company’s regulatory capital ratios which began in 2015 under the Basel III capital framework and which, among other things, requires additional regulatory capital, and changes the framework for risk-weighting of certain assets;
management’s risk management measures may not be completely effective;
changes in the United States monetary and fiscal policies, including the interest rate policies of the FRB and its regulation of the money supply; and
adverse changes in the credit rating of U.S. government debt.
Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such statements as they speak only as of the date they are made. The Company does not undertake, and disclaims any obligation, to revise or update any forward-looking statements to reflect the occurrence or anticipated occurrence of events or circumstances after the date of this Report, except as required by applicable law. The Company claims the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements provided in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
 
Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by these forward-looking statements include, among others, the following possibilities: (1) general economic conditions, either nationally, regionally or locally deteriorate, resulting in a decline in credit quality or a diminished demand for the Company's products and services; (2) competitive pressures increase among financial service providers in the Company's northern New England market area or in the financial services industry generally, including competitive pressures from non-bank financial service providers, from increasing consolidation and integration of financial service providers, and from changes in technology and delivery systems; (3) interest rates change in such a way as to negatively affect the Company's net income, asset valuations or margins; (4) changes in laws or government rules, including the rules of the federal Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, or the way in which courts or government agencies interpret or implement those laws or rules, increase our costs of doing business, causing us to limit or change our product offerings or pricing, or otherwise adversely affect the Company's business; (5) changes in federal or state tax policy; (6) changes in the level of nonperforming assets and charge-offs; (7) changes in estimates of future reserve requirements based upon relevant regulatory and accounting requirements; (8) changes in consumer and business spending, borrowing and savings habits; (9) reductions in deposit levels, which necessitate increased borrowings to fund loans and investments; (10) the geographic concentration of the Company’s loan portfolio and deposit base; (11) losses due to the fraudulent or negligent conduct of third parties, including the Company’s service providers, customers and employees; (12) the effect of changes to the calculation of the Company’s regulatory capital ratios which began in 2015 under the Basel III capital framework and which, among other things, requires additional regulatory capital, and changes the framework for risk-weighting of certain assets; (13) the effect of and changes in the United States monetary and fiscal policies, including the interest rate policies of the Federal Reserve Board (FRB) and its regulation of the money supply; and (14) adverse changes in the credit rating of U.S. government debt.
31
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
 
Under SEC Regulation G, public companies making disclosures containing financial measures that are not in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (US GAAP or GAAP) must also disclose, along with each non-GAAP financial measure, certain additional information, including a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure to the closest comparable GAAP financial measure, as well as a statement of the company’s reasons for utilizing the non-GAAP financial measure. The SEC has exempted from the definition of non-GAAP financial measures certain commonly used financial measures that are not based on GAAP. However, three non-GAAP financial measures commonly used by financial institutions, namely tax-equivalent net interest income and tax-equivalent net interest margin (as presented in the tables in the section labeled Interest Income Versus Interest Expense (Net Interest Income)) and core earnings (as defined and discussed in the Results of Operations section), have not been specifically exempted by the SEC, and may therefore constitute non-GAAP financial measures under Regulation G. We are unable to state with certainty whether the SEC would regard those measures as subject to Regulation G.
 
Management believes that these non-GAAP financial measures are useful in evaluating the Company’s financial performance and facilitate comparisons with the performance of other financial institutions. However, that information should be considered supplemental in nature and not as a substitute for related financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP.
 
OVERVIEW
 
The Company’s consolidated assets on September 30, 20172018 were $661,539,071,$694,499,557, an increase of $23,885,406,$27,453,962, or 3.8%4.1%, from December 31, 20162017 and an increase of $55,748,641,$32,960,486, or 9.2%5.0%, from September 30, 2016.2017. Net loans increased $18,649,347,$27,470,141, or 3.9%5.5%, since December 31, 20162017 and $35,610,763,$24,285,086, or 7.7%4.9%, since September 30, 2016.2017. The year to date and year over year increaseincreases in the loan portfolio iswere primarily attributable to growth in commercial loans and waswere funded primarily throughwith both core deposits and an increase in deposit accountsborrowed funds. There were changes in both of the investment portfolios, with the HTM portfolio noting an increase of $1,976,867, or 4.1%, from December 31, 2017 and wholesale funding ina decrease of $3,080,455, or 5.7%, from September 30, 2017, while the form of brokered deposits.AFS portfolio increased $476,730, or 1.2% from December 31, 2017 and $2,207,710, or 6.0% from September 30, 2017.
 
Total deposits increased $52,017,288,$24,849,742 or 10.3%4.4%, since December 31, 20162017 with a notable increase in wholesale time deposits of $21,644,907, or 102.9%, and a decrease of $9,131,325, or 9.8%, in money market funds attributable primarily to seasonal fluctuation in municipal deposits. The increase in wholesale time deposits is predominantly due to increases in most components including $11.5 million, or 11.0%, in non-interest bearing demand accounts, $12.7 million, or 14.6%, in savings accounts, and $12.8 million, or 13.2%, in other time deposits.the use of this funding source as an alternative to short term borrowing from the FHLBB. In the year over year comparison, deposits increased $52,945,414,$28,732,402, or 10.5%. Core deposits saw5.2%, with significant increases in all areas in the year over year comparison,noted for interest-bearing transactions accounts of $17,078,773, or 13.4%, and increases are noted in money market accounts andother time deposits as well. Some of the increase in time deposits in both comparison periods is attributable to the Company’s use of brokered deposits, both from purchases on the national certificate of deposit (CD) market and through the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service (CDARS)$14,781,931, or 13.5%.
Despite four federal funds rate increases of 25 basis points each since December 2015, interest rates remain at historically low levels, and the yield curve is still not providing any meaningful relief on margin pressure as long-term rates have stayed in a tight range. Growth of the commercial loan portfolio in recent years, which typically carries higher yields than residential and consumer loans, has helped to maintain a stable level of interest income. This shift in asset mix is in line with the Company’s strategic plan to increase its concentration in commercial loans while maintaining a stable residential loan portfolio. While commercial loans inherently carry more risk, the Company has dedicated significant resources in the credit administration department to mitigate the additional risk. The opportunities for growth continue to be primarily in the Central Vermont market, where economic activity is more robust than in the Company’s Orleans and Caledonia county markets, and where the Company is increasing its presence and market share. The Company opened a loan production office in Chittenden County, Vermont’s most populous county and economic hub, during the first quarter of 2017, which should further drive commercial loan activity.
 
Interest income increased $566,067,$696,857, or 9.1%10.2%, for the third quarter of 20172018 compared to the same quarter in 2016,2017, and $1,385,663,$1,901,326, or 7.7%9.8%, for the first nine months of 20172018 compared to the same period in 2016.2017. Interest expense increased $104,449,$423,953, or 15.1%53.3%, for the third quarter of 20172018 compared to the same quarter in 2016,2017, and $248,105,$747,288, or 12.2%32.8%, for the first nine months of 20172018 compared to the same period in 2016.2017. The increase in interest income year over year reflectsis due to the higher average loan balances, in net loans, which exceeded the prior yearnine month comparison period by $35.6$20.4 million, or 7.7%. While4.1%, as well as the continued increases in interest income in both comparison periods are largely due to the increase in the asset base,short-term rates. While the increase in short-term rates is starting to have anhaving a positive impact as well, as is reflected inon interest income, forit is also continuing to put upward pressure on interest rates paid on deposit accounts. During the threefirst nine months ended September 30, 2017 when compared toof 2018, the three months ended September 30, 2016. Theincrease in short-term rates, coupled with the increase in average interest-bearing deposit account balances, resulted in an increase in interest paid on deposits during the first three months and nine monthsdeposit accounts of 2017 is partially attributable to a higher utilization of brokered time deposits, which carry higher rates than core non-maturity deposits, as well as to increases in the volume of all categories of interest-bearing deposits. The increases in the federal funds rate have also impacted interest expense on borrowed funds and the Company’s junior subordinated debentures.$592,380, or 34.2%, year over year.
 
32

 
Net interest income after the provision for loan losses improved by $461,618,$212,904, or 8.5%3.6%, for the third quarter of 20172018 compared to the same quarter in 2016,2017, and $1,087,558,$1,034,038, or 7.0%6.2%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same periodyear over year, despite decreases in 2016.net spread of 15 bps and two bps, respectively. The charge to income for the provision for loan losses increased $50,000,$60,000, or 12.5%40.0%, for the nine month comparison period due to a combinationthird quarter of a low level of losses in2018 and $120,000, or 26.7%, for the first quarternine months of 2016 and2018, compared to the same periods last year, in order to accommodate the continued increase in the loan portfolio, year over year.portfolio. Please refer to the Allowance for loan lossesALL and provisions discussion in the Credit Risk section for more information.
 
Net income for the third quarter of 20172018 was $1,792,949,$2,269,732, an increase of $277,049,$476,783, or 18.3%26.6%, over net income of $1,515,900$1,792,949 for the third quarter of 2016.2017. Net income for the first nine months of 2018 increased $1,548,250, or 32.9%, from $4,706,679 for 2017 was $4,706,679, an increase of $726,086, or 18.2%, over net income of $3,980,593to $6,254,929 for the same period in 2016. As stated above, net2018. Net interest income contributed significantly to the Company’s increase in earnings. A decreaseearnings in both periods. Increases in non-interest income of $34,273,$93,546, or 2.3%6.5%, for the third quarter and an increase$427,429, or 10.2%, for the first nine months of $161,126, or 4.0% year to date2018 are also noted, while total non-interest expense increased in both periodsslightly, by $51,613,$32,216, or 1.1%.7%, for the quarter and $317,829, or 2.3%, year to date. The decrease in non-interest income for the third quarter of 2017 is attributable, in part, to activity associated with the Bank’s Supplemental Employee Retirement Program (SERP). While income was reported from fair market value adjustments of SERP assets in 2016, the Company reported a net loss on the liquidation of the SERP assets during the third quarter of 2017 following the final payout to the last retired participant. The increase in non-interest income year to date is attributable mostly to the courtesy overdraft program implemented in the third quarter of 2016. With the increase in market rates, the opportunity for refinancing has diminished and the mortgage business is primarily from new purchase financing, resulting in lower levels of residential mortgage lending activity in 2017 compared to 2016. Residential mortgage originations totaled $34,486,938$243,622, or 1.7%, for the first nine months of 2017 compared to $35,257,5802018. The increase in net income for the same periodthree- and nine-month periods ended September 20, 2018, also reflects the impact of 2016, which is also reflected in the decrease inlower federal corporate tax rate under the Company’s loan fee income. Of those originations during the first nine months of 2017 secondary market sales totaled $10,912,354, compared to $18,296,608 for the first nine months of 2016, providing points and premiums from the sales of these mortgages of $250,826 and $351,824, respectively, a decrease of 28.7%.
The increases in non-interest expenses are mostly attributable to increases in occupancy expense, marketing expense and expenditures related to technology initiatives.Tax Act. Please refer to the Non-interest Income and Expense sections for more information.
 
On September 22, 2017,14, 2018, the Company's Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.17$0.19 per common share, payable on November 1, 20172018 to shareholders of record on October 15, 2017. This represents an increase in2018.
There were two favorable legal developments during the quarterly dividendsecond quarter of $0.01 per share, compared to 20162018 that management believes will help lighten the regulatory burden on community banks and is attributable toother small public companies and will reduce the Bank’s strong performance in 2016, demonstratingunproductive diversion of management resources resulting from excessive regulation. In May, Congress enacted the confidence2018 Regulatory Relief Act, which rolls back some of the Boardregulatory excesses of Directorsthe Dodd-Frank Act and management team incontains provisions aimed specifically at relieving some of the Company’s abilityregulatory burdens on community banks, including simplifying the calculation of regulatory capital. In addition, the SEC recently adopted regulations increasing the thresholds for companies to generate shareholder value.qualify as smaller reporting companies, which are permitted to utilize the SEC’s scaled disclosure requirements. The Company is focused on increasing the profitabilityintends to avail itself of the balance sheet,opportunity to provide scaled disclosures where management and prudently managing operating expenses and risk, particularly credit risk, in order to remain a well-capitalized bank in this challenging interest rate environment.the Board deem it appropriate.
 
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
The Company’s significant accounting policies are fundamental to understanding the Company’s results of operations and financial condition because they require management to use estimates and assumptions that may affect the value of the Company’s assets or liabilities and financial results.results, sometimes in material respects. These policies are considered by management to be critical because they require subjective and complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain and because it is likely that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions. The Company’s critical accounting policies govern:
 
 the allowance for loan losses (ALL);ALL;
 other real estate owned (OREO);OREO;
 valuation of residential mortgage servicing rights (MSRs);MSRs;
 other than temporary impairmentOTTI of investment securities; and
 the carrying value of goodwill.
 
These policies are described further in the Company’s 20162017 Annual Report on Form 10-K in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policies” and in Note 1 (Significant Accounting Policies) to the audited consolidated financial statements. Except for certain changes in the Company’s methodology for calculating the ALL, which were adopted during the second quarter of 2017 and which are described below in the Credit Risk section of this MD&A, and in Note 5 (Loans, Allowance for Loan Losses and Credit Quality), thereThere were no material changes during the first nine months of 20172018 in the Company’s critical accounting policies.
33
 
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
Net income for the third quarter of 20172018 was $1,792,949$2,269,732, or $0.35$0.44 per common share, compared to $1,515,900$1,792,949, or $0.30$0.35 per common share, for the same quarter of 2016, and net2017. Net income for the first nine months of 20172018 was $6,254,929, or $1.20 per common share, compared to $4,706,679, or $0.91 per common share, compared to $3,980,593 or $0.78 per common share for the same period in 2016.2017. Core earnings (net interest income) for the third quarter of 20172018 increased $461,618,$272,904, or 8.3%4.5%, compared to the same quarter in 20162017, and $1,137,558,$1,154,038, or 7.1%6.7%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the prioryear over year. In light of the continued pressure on net interest margin and spread in this flat yield curve environment, the Company is pleased with these increases. To help offset this pressure, the Company has focused on growing the commercial loan portfolio, and shifting a portion of the investment portfolio to higher yielding Small Business Administration securities (SBA) and agency mortgage-backed securities (Agency MBS) within its available-for-sale (AFS) portfolio. FDIC insured Certificates of Deposit have also been an attractive investment class that have seen increased volume. Compared to the same period last year, during the first nine months of 2017, theThe loan mix continued to shift in favor of higher yielding commercial loans, while the deposit mix experienced an increase in lower cost non-maturity deposits, both of which have benefitted the Company’s net interest income. Interest paid on deposits, which is the major component of total interest expense, increased $124,364,$291,827, or 24.7%46.4%, for the third quarter of 20172018 compared to the same quarter of 2016,2017, and $204,967,$592,380, or 13.4%34.2%, year over year, reflecting the increases in short term rates and higher average interest-bearing deposit balances. The continuing increases in the first nine months of 2017 comparedprime rate also had an impact on the interest paid on the junior subordinated debentures, contributing to the same period of 2016, reflecting the increased deposit balances and increasesincrease in rates on wholesale funds and brokered deposits.interest expense in both comparison periods. The Company recorded a provision for loan losses of $150,000 for the third quarters of 2017 and 2016, and nine month provisions for loan losses of $450,000 and $400,000, respectively. Non-interest income decreased $34,273, or 2.3%,$210,000 for the third quarter of 2017 compared to the same quarter of 20162018 and increased $161,126, or 4.0%,$570,000 for the first nine months of 20172018, compared to 2016. Non-interest expense increased $51,613, or 1.1%, for$150,000 and $450,000, respectively in 2017, reflecting the third quarter of 2017 compared togrowth in the same quarter of 2016 and $317,829, or 2.3%, for the first nine months of 2017 compared to the prior year. The section labeled Non-Interest Income and Non-Interest Expense provides a more detailed discussion on the significant components of these items.loan portfolio between periods.

 
Return on average assets, which is net income divided by average total assets, measures how effectively a corporation uses its assets to produce earnings. Return on average equity, which is net income divided by average shareholders' equity, measures how effectively a corporation uses its equity capital to produce earnings.
 
The following table shows these ratios annualized for the comparison periods.
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
Return on Average Assets
  1.09%
  0.99%
  1.38%
  1.09%
Return on Average Equity
  12.53%
  11.29%
  14.99%
  12.53%
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
Return on Average Assets
  1.26%
  0.98%
Return on Average Equity
  14.16%
  11.29%
 
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
Return on Average Assets
  0.98%
  0.89%
Return on Average Equity
  11.29%
  10.08%
34
 
The following table summarizes the earnings performance and certain balance sheet data of the Company for the periods presented.
 
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA (Unaudited)
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA (Unaudited)
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA (Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30,
 
 
December 31,
 
 
September 30,
 
 
September 30,
 
 
December 31,
 
 
September 30,
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
Balance Sheet Data
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loans
 $500,930,258 
 $482,280,911 
 $465,319,495 
 $525,215,344 
 $497,745,203 
 $500,930,258 
Total assets
  661,539,071 
  637,653,665 
  605,790,430 
  694,499,557 
  667,045,595 
  661,539,071 
Total deposits
  556,752,320 
  504,735,032 
  503,806,906 
  585,484,722 
  560,634,980 
  556,752,320 
Borrowed funds
  3,550,000 
  31,550,000 
  5,795,000 
  1,550,000 
  3,550,000 
Junior subordinated debentures
  12,887,000 
Total liabilities
  604,318,331 
  583,202,148 
  551,946,796 
  633,607,642 
  609,109,741 
  604,318,331 
Total shareholders' equity
  57,220,740 
  54,451,517 
  53,843,634 
  60,891,915 
  57,935,854 
  57,220,740 
    
    
Book value per common share outstanding
 $10.73 
 $10.27 
 $10.18 
 $11.42 
 $10.84 
 $10.73 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
Operating Data
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total interest income
 $19,421,393 
 $18,035,730 
 $21,322,719 
 $19,421,393 
Total interest expense
  2,280,105 
  2,032,000 
  3,027,393 
  2,280,105 
Net interest income
  17,141,288 
  16,003,730 
  18,295,326 
  17,141,288 
    
    
Provision for loan losses
  450,000 
  400,000 
  570,000 
  450,000 
Net interest income after provision for loan losses
  16,691,288 
  15,603,730 
  17,725,326 
  16,691,288 
    
    
Non-interest income
  4,201,196 
  4,040,070 
  4,628,625 
  4,201,196 
Non-interest expense
  14,465,802 
  14,147,973 
  14,709,424 
  14,465,802 
Income before income taxes
  6,426,682 
  5,495,827 
  7,644,527 
  6,426,682 
Applicable income tax expense(1)
  1,720,003 
  1,515,234 
  1,389,598 
  1,720,003 
    
    
Net Income
 $4,706,679 
 $3,980,593 
 $6,254,929 
 $4,706,679 
    
    
Per Common Share Data
    
    
Earnings per common share (2)
 $0.91 
 $0.78 
 $1.20 
 $0.91 
Dividends declared per common share
 $0.51 
 $0.48 
 $0.55 
 $0.51 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding
  5,077,473 
  5,016,191 
  5,131,654 
  5,077,473 
Number of common shares outstanding, period end
  5,100,675 
  5,042,989 
  5,157,258 
  5,100,675 
 
(1) Applicable income tax expense assumes a 21% and 34% tax rate.rate for 2018 and 2017, respectively.
(2) Computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the periods presented.
 
35

 
INTEREST INCOME VERSUS INTEREST EXPENSE (NET INTEREST INCOME)
 
The largest component of the Company’s operating income is net interest income, which is the difference between interest earned on loans and investments and the interest paid on deposits and other sources of funds (i.e. other, borrowings). The Company’s level of net interest income can fluctuate over time due to changes in the level and mix of earning assets and sources of funds (volume), and from changes in the yield earned and costs of funds (rate). A portion of the Company’s income from municipal investments is not subject to income taxes. Because the proportion of tax-exempt items in the Company's portfolio varies from year-to-year, to improve comparability of information, the non-taxable income shown in the tables below has been converted to a tax equivalent basis. Because theThe Company’s corporate tax rate is 21% for 2018 and was 34%, for previous years. Therefore, to equalize tax-free and taxable income in the comparison, we divide the tax-free income by 79% for 2018 and 66%, for 2017, with the result that every tax-free dollar is equivalent to $1.27 and $1.52, in taxable income.income for the two periods, respectively.
 
The Company’s tax-exempt interest income of $330,962 and $332,102 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $953,606 and $992,831 for the first nine months ofended September 30, 2018 and 2017, compared to $339,999 and $942,246, respectively, for the same periods last year, was derived from municipal investments, which comprised the entire held-to-maturity (HTM)HTM portfolio of $50,801,832 at September 30, 2018, and $53,882,287 at September 30, 2017, and $56,837,100 at September 30, 2016.2017.
 
The following table shows the reconciliation between reported net interest income and tax equivalent, net interest income for the comparison periods presented.
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income as presented
 $6,023,973 
 $5,562,355 
 $6,296,877 
 $6,023,973 
Effect of tax-exempt income
  171,083 
  175,151 
  87,978 
  171,083 
Net interest income, tax equivalent
 $6,195,056 
 $5,737,506 
 $6,384,855 
 $6,195,056 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income as presented
 $17,141,288 
 $16,003,730 
 $18,295,326 
 $17,141,288 
Effect of tax-exempt income
  511,458 
  485,399 
  253,490 
  511,458 
Net interest income, tax equivalent
 $17,652,746 
 $16,489,129 
 $18,548,816 
 $17,652,746 
 
36

 
The following tables present average interest-earning assets and average interest-bearing liabilities supporting earning assets. Interest income (excluding interest on non-accrual loans) and interest expense are bothis expressed on a tax equivalent basis, both in dollars and as a rate/yield for the comparison periods presented.presented, utilizing an effective tax rate of 21% for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 34% for the 2017 comparison periods.
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
 
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
 
 Average
 
 
Income/
 
 
Rate/
 
 
 Average
 
 
Income/
 
 
Rate/
 
 
 Average
 
 
Income/
 
 
Rate/
 
 
 Average
 
 
Income/
 
 
Rate/
 
 
Balance
 
 
Expense
 
 
Yield
 
 
Balance
 
 
Expense
 
 
Yield
 
 
Balance
 
 
Expense
 
 
Yield
 
 
Balance
 
 
Expense
 
 
Yield
 
Interest-Earning Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans (1)
 $506,853,347 
 $6,244,899 
  4.89%
 $476,137,513 
 $5,732,855 
  4.79%
 $530,888,833 
 $6,835,452 
  5.11%
 $506,853,347 
 $6,244,899 
  4.89%
Taxable investment securities
  35,519,175 
  171,880 
  1.92%
  27,393,741 
  128,767 
  1.87%
  37,311,866 
  228,497 
  2.43%
  35,519,175 
  171,880 
  1.92%
Tax-exempt investment securities
  49,608,712 
  503,185 
  4.02%
  55,195,067 
  515,150 
  3.71%
  49,106,752 
  418,939 
  3.38%
  49,608,712 
  503,185 
  4.02%
Sweep and interest-earning accounts
  10,355,461 
  29,964 
  1.15%
  2,591,082 
  3,048 
  0.47%
  15,736,866 
  85,524 
  2.13%
  10,355,461 
  29,964 
  1.15%
Other investments (2)
  2,195,121 
  41,320 
  7.47%
  3,176,788 
  49,429 
  6.19%
  2,516,383 
  36,587 
  5.95%
  2,195,121 
  41,320 
  7.47%
 $604,531,816 
 $6,991,248 
  4.59%
 $564,494,191 
 $6,429,249 
  4.53%
 $635,560,700 
 $7,604,999 
  4.75%
 $604,531,816 
 $6,991,248 
  4.59%
    
    
Interest-Bearing Liabilities
    
    
Interest-bearing transaction accounts
 $115,801,161 
 $91,951 
  0.32%
 $107,853,436 
 $51,580 
  0.19%
 $129,329,266 
 $165,856 
  0.51%
 $115,801,161 
 $91,951 
  0.32%
Money market accounts
  84,791,867 
  187,889 
  0.88%
  81,796,244 
  209,212 
  1.02%
  84,309,511 
  283,388 
  1.33%
  84,791,867 
  187,889 
  0.88%
Savings deposits
  99,061,882 
  32,277 
  0.13%
  88,078,948 
  27,216 
  0.12%
  100,816,941 
  35,870 
  0.14%
  99,061,882 
  32,277 
  0.13%
Time deposits
  133,068,701 
  316,417 
  0.94%
  105,959,177 
  216,162 
  0.81%
  130,792,374 
  435,247 
  1.32%
  133,068,701 
  316,417 
  0.94%
Borrowed funds
  4,535,815 
  3,644 
  0.32%
  31,398,913 
  42,412 
  0.54%
  11,699,457 
  58,759 
  1.99%
  4,535,815 
  3,644 
  0.32%
Repurchase agreements
  27,263,645 
  20,564 
  0.30%
  25,387,081 
  18,820 
  0.29%
  30,096,655 
  60,049 
  0.79%
  27,263,645 
  20,564 
  0.30%
Capital lease obligations
  418,393 
  8,569 
  8.19%
  501,328 
  10,992 
  8.77%
  306,646 
  6,315 
  8.24%
  418,393 
  8,569 
  8.19%
Junior subordinated debentures
  12,887,000 
  134,881 
  4.15%
  12,887,000 
  115,349 
  3.56%
  12,887,000 
  174,661 
  5.38%
  12,887,000 
  134,881 
  4.15%
 $477,828,464 
 $796,192 
  0.66%
 $453,862,127 
 $691,743 
  0.61%
 $500,237,850 
 $1,220,145 
  0.97%
 $477,828,464 
 $796,192 
  0.66%
    
    
Net interest income
    
 $6,195,056 
    
 $5,737,506 
    
    
 $6,384,854 
    
 $6,195,056 
    
Net interest spread (3)
    
  3.93%
    
  3.92%
    
  3.78%
    
  3.93%
Net interest margin (4)
    
  4.07%
    
  4.04%
    
  3.99%
    
  4.07%
 
 
(1) Included in gross loans are non-accrual loans with an average balance of $2,596,724$4,185,018 and $2,958,744$2,596,724 for the three
      months ended September 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, respectively. Loans are stated before deduction of unearned discount
      and allowance for loan losses,ALL, less loans held-for-sale.
(2) Included in other investments is the Company’s FHLBB Stock with an average balance of $1,219,971$1,167,654 and $2,201,638$1,219,971
      for the three months ended September 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, respectively, and a dividend rate of approximately
      4.22%5.87% and 3.65%4.22%, respectively, per quarter.
(3) Net interest spread is the difference between the average yield on average interest-earning assets and the average
      rate paid on average interest-bearing liabilities.
(4) Net interest margin is net interest income divided by average earning assets.
 
37

 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
 
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
 
 Average
 
 
Income/
 
 
Rate/
 
 
 Average
 
 
Income/
 
 
Rate/
 
 
 Average
 
 
Income/
 
 
Rate/
 
 
 Average
 
 
Income/
 
 
Rate/
 
 
Balance
 
 
Expense
 
 
Yield
 
 
Balance
 
 
Expense
 
 
Yield
 
 
Balance
 
 
Expense
 
 
Yield
 
 
Balance
 
 
Expense
 
 
Yield
 
Interest-Earning Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans (1)
 $495,170,740 
 $17,737,531 
  4.79%
 $465,314,118 
 $16,582,276 
  4.76%
 $515,558,758 
 $19,363,489 
  5.02%
 $495,170,740 
 $17,737,531 
  4.79%
Taxable investment securities
  35,001,161 
  488,250 
  1.87%
  29,210,491 
  384,413 
  1.76%
  37,680,536 
  652,398 
  2.31%
  35,001,161 
  488,250 
  1.87%
Tax-exempt investment securities
  51,924,841 
  1,504,289 
  3.87%
  50,577,436 
  1,427,645 
  3.77%
  48,169,647 
  1,207,096 
  3.35%
  51,924,841 
  1,504,289 
  3.87%
Sweep and interest-earning accounts
  11,938,565 
  84,802 
  0.95%
  5,225,968 
  18,654 
  0.48%
  17,448,217 
  257,091 
  1.97%
  11,938,565 
  84,802 
  0.95%
Other investments (2)
  2,545,091 
  117,979 
  6.20%
  2,766,541 
  108,141 
  5.22%
  2,287,439 
  96,135 
  5.62%
  2,545,091 
  117,979 
  6.20%
 $596,580,398 
 $19,932,851 
  4.47%
 $553,094,554 
 $18,521,129 
  4.47%
 $621,144,597 
 $21,576,209 
  4.64%
 $596,580,398 
 $19,932,851 
  4.47%
    
    
Interest-Bearing Liabilities
    
    
Interest-bearing transaction accounts
 $116,594,941 
 $216,227 
  0.25%
 $111,223,384 
 $155,413 
  0.19%
 $127,206,882 
 $396,923 
  0.42%
 $116,594,941 
 $216,227 
  0.25%
Money market accounts
  85,819,418 
  595,162 
  0.93%
  84,974,840 
  637,818 
  1.00%
  95,192,325 
  837,291 
  1.18%
  85,819,418 
  595,162 
  0.93%
Savings deposits
  96,382,338 
  91,597 
  0.13%
  85,668,159 
  79,225 
  0.12%
  99,284,051 
  97,688 
  0.13%
  96,382,338 
  91,597 
  0.13%
Time deposits
  125,015,108 
  831,446 
  0.89%
  107,919,364 
  657,009 
  0.81%
  118,247,883 
  994,910 
  1.12%
  125,015,108 
  831,446 
  0.89%
Borrowed funds
  12,140,165 
  65,311 
  0.72%
  18,588,663 
  74,046 
  0.53%
  6,779,670 
  69,520 
  1.37%
  12,140,165 
  65,311 
  0.72%
Repurchase agreements
  28,768,193 
  64,326 
  0.30%
  25,393,136 
  56,125 
  0.30%
  30,395,047 
  128,896 
  0.57%
  28,768,193 
  64,326 
  0.30%
Capital lease obligations
  442,977 
  27,181 
  8.18%
  522,708 
  32,761 
  8.36%
  334,817 
  20,679 
  8.23%
  442,977 
  27,181 
  8.18%
Junior subordinated debentures
  12,887,000 
  388,855 
  4.03%
  12,887,000 
  339,603 
  3.52%
  12,887,000 
  481,486 
  5.00%
  12,887,000 
  388,855 
  4.03%
 $478,050,140 
 $2,280,105 
  0.64%
 $447,177,254 
 $2,032,000 
  0.61%
 $490,327,675 
 $3,027,393 
  0.83%
 $478,050,140 
 $2,280,105 
  0.64%
    
    
Net interest income
    
 $17,652,746 
    
 $16,489,129 
    
    
 $18,548,816 
    
 $17,652,746 
    
Net interest spread (3)
    
  3.83%
    
  3.86%
    
  3.81%
    
  3.83%
Net interest margin (4)
    
  3.96%
    
  3.98%
    
  3.99%
    
  3.96%
 
(1) Included in gross loans are non-accrual loans with an average balance of $2,565,181$3,917,1283 and $3,384,345$2,565,181 for the nine
      months ended September 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, respectively. Loans are stated before deduction of unearned discount
      and allowance for loan losses,ALL, less loans held-for-sale.
(2) Included in other investments is the Company’s FHLBB Stock with average balances of $1,569,941$1,246,025 and $1,791,391$1,569,941
      respectively, and a dividend rate of approximately 4.19%5.92% and 4.84%4.19%, respectively, for the first nine months of
      20172018 and 2016,2017, respectively.
(3) Net interest spread is the difference between the average yield on average interest-earning assets and the average
       rate paid on average interest-bearing liabilities.
(4) Net interest margin is net interest income divided by average earning assets.
 
38
The average volume of interest-earning assets for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 20172018 increased 7.1%5.1% and 7.9%4.1%, respectively, compared to the same periods last year. Average yield on interest-earning assets for the third quarter increased six basis points,16 bps, to 4.59%4.75%, compared to 4.53%4.59% for the same period last year, and remained unchanged at 4.47%increased 17 bps for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared2018, to 4.64%, from 4.47% for the same period last year.
 
The average volume of loans increased over the three- and nine-month comparison periods of 2018 versus 2017, versus 2016, by 6.5%4.7% and 6.4%4.1%, respectively, while the average yield on loans increased 10 basis points22 bps for the third quarter, to 4.89%5.11%, compared to 4.79%4.89% for the third quarter of 2016,2017, and increased three basis points23 bps for the nine months ended September 30, 2017,2018, to 5.02%, from 4.79% compared to 4.76% for the same period in 2016.2017. These increases were due toreflected a combination of the steadily increasing federal funds rate over the periods noted, and a shift in asset mix toward commercial loans; however, this has been partially offset by continued pressure on medium term (5-10 year) fixed rates. Interest earned on the loan portfolio as a percentage of total interest income increased slightly in both comparison periods, comprising 89.9% and 89.7% for the third quarterthree- and decreased slightly for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2017, comprising approximatelycomparison periods of 2018, versus 89.3% and 89.0% of total interest income in the two periods respectively, versus 89.2% and 89.5%, respectively, for the samecomparison periods last year.

 
The average volume of the taxable investment portfolio (classified as available-for-sale)AFS) increased 29.7%5.1% during the third quarter of 20172018 and 19.8%7.7% year to date, compared to the same periods last year. Average yields on the taxable investment portfolio increased five basis points and 11 basis points, for the third quarter of 2017 and year to date, respectively, compared to the same periods last year. These increases are due primarily to anmanagement’s continued effort to continue to incrementally grow the investment portfolio as the balance sheet grows in order to provide additional liquidity and pledge quality assets.  Average yields on the taxable investment portfolio increased 51 bps and 44 bps, respectively, during the three- and nine-month periods of 2018 compared to the same periods last year, due primarily to rising market rates, as the mix of the portfolio remained relatively stable.  The average volume of the tax exempttax-exempt portfolio (classified as held-to-maturityHTM and consisting entirely of municipal securities) decreased 10.1%1.0% during the third quarter of 20172018 and increased 2.7%7.2% year to date, compared to the same periods last year.year, as competitive pressures for municipal loan and deposit relationships increase and market pricing has not yet fully reflected the effect of lower federal tax rates under the 2017 Tax Act. The average tax-equivalent yield on the tax exempttax-exempt portfolio increased 31 basis pointsdecreased 64 bps during the third quarter of 20172018, and increased 10 basis points52 bps for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2017,2018, compared to the same periods last year, reflectingdue to the increases in short term market rates.effect of the lower tax rate on the existing tax-exempt portfolio.
 
The average volume of sweep and interest-earning accounts, which consists primarily of an interest-bearing account at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston (FRBB)FRBB and two correspondent banks, increased 299.7%52.0% during the three-month period and 128.5%46.2% during the nine-month period ended September 30, 20172018, compared to the same periods last year, and the average yield on these funds increased 68 basis points98 bps and 47 basis points,102 bps, respectively. This increaseThese increases in average volume isare attributable to a higher balance of cash periodically held on hand in anticipation of funding loan growth and other liquidity needs. The increases in average rate are directly related to the increases in the federal funds rate.
 
The average volume of interest-bearing liabilities for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 20172018 increased 5.4%4.7% and 6.9%2.6%, respectively, compared to the same periods last year. The average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities increased five basis points31 bps during the third quarter of 20172018 and three basis points19 bps during the first nine months of 2017,2018, compared to the same periods last year.year, reflecting the rising rate environment and competitive pressures in deposit pricing.
 
The average volume of interest-bearing transaction accounts increased 7.4%11.7% and 4.8%9.1%, respectively, during the third quarter and first nine months of 2017,2018, compared to the same periods last year, and the average rate paid on these accounts increased 13 basis points19 bps and six basis points,17 bps, respectively. The average volume of money market accounts increased 3.7%decreased 0.6% during the three-month period, ended September 30, 2017, and 1.0%while increasing 10.9% during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2017,2018 compared to the same periods in 2016,2017, and the average rate paid on these deposits decreased 14 basis points during the third quarter of 2017increased 45 bps and seven basis points in the year to date comparison periods.25 bps, respectively. The average volume of savings accounts increased by 12.5%1.8% for the three-month period and nine-month comparison periods of 2017 versus 2016, partially due to several escrow accounts for deposits held3.0% for the future purchasenine-month period of properties in the Stowe area which account for approximately half of the increase.2018 versus 2017. Some of the increase is due in part to the continued shift in product mix from retail time deposits to savings accounts as consumers anticipate higher rates in the near future. Compared toFollowing the same periods in 2016, the average volume of retail time deposits increased 0.6% during the third quarter, and decreased 0.4% year to date 2017, while the average volume of wholesale time deposits increased during both the three- and nine-month comparison periods in 2017. With themost recent increasesincrease in short term rates, there has been modestmore pressure for higher rates from the more rate sensitive deposit holders. Otherwise,holders and the local market is not yetnow showing any signs of a willingness to pay higher rates being paid on deposit products. Wholesale time deposits have been an increasinglyThe brokered deposit market is still considered a beneficial source of funding throughout 2016 and into 2017 as they have provided large blocks of fundingto help smooth out the fluctuations in core deposit balances without the need to disrupt deposit pricing in the Company’s local markets. These funds can be obtained relatively quickly on an as-needed basis, making them a valuable alternative to traditional term borrowings from the FHLBB.
39
 
The average volume of borrowed funds increased $7,163,642, or 157.9%, and decreased 85.6% and 34.7%$5,381,405, or 44.2%, respectively, for the three-monththree- and nine-month comparison periods of 2018 versus the 2017 versus 2016.comparison periods. The average rate paid on these accounts decreased 22 basis pointsborrowings increased 167 bps for the three monththree-month period, and increased 19 basis points65 bps for the nine monthnine-month period in 2018 as compared to 2016.the same periods in 2017. The increase in the average rate paid is attributable in part to an increase in the average volume of overnight funds during the three-month comparison period of 2018. In addition, the average volume of repurchase agreements increased 7.4%10.4% and 13.3%5.7%, respectively, for three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017,2018, compared to the same periods in 2016,2017, while the average rate paid on repurchase agreements increased one basis point during the three-month period ended September 30, 2017, but remained flat for the first nine months of 2017,49 bps and 27 bps, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2016.2017.
 
ForBetween the three monthsthree-month periods ended September 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, the average yield on interest-earning assets increased six basis points,16 bps, while the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities increased five basis points. For31 bps. Between the nine months ended September 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, the average yield on interest-earning assets remained flat,increased 17 bps, while the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities increased three basis points.19 bps. Net interest spread for the third quarter of 20172018 was 3.93%3.78%, an increasea decrease of one basis point15 bps from 3.92%3.93% for the same period in 2016,2017, and fell three basis points3.81% for the first nine months of 2017 to2018, a decrease of two bps, from 3.83%, from 3.86% for the same period last year. Net interest margin increased three basis pointsdecreased eight bps during the third quarter of 2017 to 4.07%,2018 compared to 4.04% for the third quarter of 2016, and decreased two basis points2017, while increasing three bps during the first nine monthsnine-month comparison periods of 2017 compared to the same period last year.2018 and 2017.

 
The following table summarizes the variances in interest income and interest expense on a fully tax-equivalent basis for the periods presented for 20172018 and 20162017 resulting from volume changes in average assets and average liabilities and fluctuations in average rates earned and paid.
 
Changes in Interest Income and Interest Expense
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
Variance
 
 
 
 
 
Variance
 
 
 
 
 
Variance
 
 
 
 
 
Variance
 
 
 
 
 
Due to
 
 
Total
 
 
Due to
 
 
Total
 
 
Due to
 
 
Total
 
 
Due to
 
 
Total
 
 
Rate (1)
 
 
Volume (1)
 
 
Variance
 
 
Rate (1)
 
 
Volume (1)
 
 
Variance
 
 
Rate (1)(2)
 
 
Volume (1)(2)
 
 
Variance
 
 
Rate (1)(2)
 
 
Volume (1)(2)
 
 
Variance
 
Average Interest-Earning Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans
 $142,212 
 $369,832 
 $512,044 
 $91,315 
 $1,063,940 
 $1,155,255 
 $294,304 
 $296,249 
 $590,553 
 $895,525 
 $730,433 
 $1,625,958 
Taxable investment securities
  4,919 
  38,194 
  43,113 
  27,539 
  76,298 
  103,837 
  47,941 
  8,676 
  56,617 
  126,673 
  37,475 
  164,148 
Tax-exempt investment securities
  44,639 
  (56,604)
  (11,965)
  38,616 
  38,028 
  76,644 
  (79,969)
  (4,276)
  (84,246)
  (203,102)
  (94,091)
  (297,193)
Sweep and interest-earning accounts
  17,743 
  9,173 
  26,916 
  42,027 
  24,121 
  66,148 
  38,836 
  15,599 
  55,560 
  133,140 
  39,149 
  172,289 
Other investments
  10,374 
  (18,483)
  (8,109)
  20,107 
  (10,269)
  9,838 
  (9,657)
  6,049 
  (4,733)
  (11,014)
  (10,830)
  (21,844)
 $219,887 
 $342,112 
 $561,999 
 $219,604 
 $1,192,118 
 $1,411,722 
 $291,455 
 $322,297 
 $613,751 
 $941,222 
 $702,136 
 $1,643,358 
    
    
Average Interest-Bearing Liabilities
    
    
Interest-bearing transaction accounts
 $36,575 
 $3,796 
 $40,371 
 $53,173 
 $7,641 
 $60,814 
 $62,994 
 $10,911 
 $73,905 
 $160,853 
 $19,843 
 $180,696 
Money market accounts
  (29,004)
  7,681 
  (21,323)
  (48,979)
  6,323 
  (42,656)
  97,116 
  (1,617)
  95,499 
  176,932 
  65,197 
  242,129 
Savings deposits
  1,748 
  3,313 
  5,061 
  2,747 
  9,625 
  12,372 
  3,018 
  575 
  3,593 
  3,270 
  2,821 
  6,091 
Time deposits
  45,058 
  55,197 
  100,255 
  70,770 
  103,667 
  174,437 
  126,404 
  (7,574)
  118,830 
  220,153 
  (56,689)
  163,464 
Borrowed funds
  (17,101)
  (21,667)
  (38,768)
  25,991 
  (34,726)
  (8,735)
  49,337 
  5,778 
  55,115 
  59,137 
  (54,928)
  4,209 
Repurchase agreements
  376 
  1,368 
  1,744 
  621 
  7,580 
  8,201 
  37,343 
  2,142 
  39,485 
  60,920 
  3,650 
  64,570 
Capital lease obligations
  (711)
  (1,712)
  (2,423)
  (702)
  (4,878)
  (5,580)
  67 
  (2,321)
  (2,254)
  156 
  (6,658)
  (6,502)
Junior subordinated debentures
  19,532 
  0 
  19,532 
  49,252 
  0 
  49,252 
  39,780 
  0 
  39,780 
  92,631 
  0 
  92,631 
 $56,473 
 $47,976 
 $104,449 
 $152,873 
 $95,232 
 $248,105 
 $416,059 
 $7,894 
 $423,953 
 $774,052 
 $(26,764)
 $747,288 
    
    
Changes in net interest income
 $163,414 
 $294,136 
 $457,550 
 $66,731 
 $1,096,886 
 $1,163,617 
 $(124,604)
 $314,403 
 $189,798 
 $167,170 
 $728,900 
 $896,070 
 
(1) Items which have shown a year-to-year increase in volume have variances allocated as follows:
          Variance due to rate = Change in rate x new volume
          Variance due to volume = Change in volume x old rate
     Items which have shown a year-to-year decrease in volume have variances allocated as follows:
          Variance due to rate = Change in rate x old volume
          Variances due to volume = Change in volume x new rate
(2) Tax equivalent interest income is calculated utilizing an effective tax rate of 21% for 2018 and 34% for 2017.
40

 
NON-INTEREST INCOME AND NON-INTEREST EXPENSE
 
Non-interest Income
 
The components of non-interest income for the periods presented are as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended
 
 
 
 
 
September 30,
 
 
Change
 
 
September 30,
 
 
Change
 
 
September 30,
 
 
Change
 
 
September 30,
 
 
Change
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
Income
 
 
Percent
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
Income
 
 
Percent
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
Income
 
 
Percent
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
Income
 
 
Percent
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service fees
 $773,419 
 $719,341 
 $54,078 
  7.52%
 $2,293,773 
 $1,992,560 
 $301,213 
  15.12%
 $820,956 
 $773,419 
 $47,537 
  6.15%
 $2,401,769 
 $2,293,773 
 $107,996 
  4.71%
Income from sold loans
  185,844 
  230,623 
  (44,779)
  -19.42%
  560,210 
  683,114 
  (122,904)
  -17.99%
  212,105 
  185,844 
  26,261 
  14.13%
  586,434 
  560,210 
  26,224 
  4.68%
Other income from loans
  222,026 
  209,882 
  12,144 
  5.79%
  616,931 
  616,473 
  458 
  0.07%
  232,485 
  222,026 
  10,459 
  4.71%
  643,107 
  616,931 
  26,176 
  4.24%
Net realized gain on sale of
    
securities available-for-sale
  1,246 
  0 
  1,246 
  100.00%
  4,647 
  0 
  4,647 
  100.00%
Net realized (loss) gain on sale of securities AFS
  (9,741)
  1,246 
  (10,987)
  -881.78%
  (19,977)
  4,647 
  (24,624)
  -529.89%
Other income
    
Income from CFSG Partners
  116,059 
  143,095 
  (27,036)
  -18.89%
  314,573 
  326,676 
  (12,103)
  -3.70%
  159,000 
  116,059 
  42,941 
  37.00%
  429,786 
  314,573 
  115,213 
  36.63%
Currency exchange income
  22,000 
  27,000 
  (5,000)
  -18.52%
  66,500 
  78,500 
  (12,000)
  -15.29%
SERP fair value adjustment
  (2,179)
  32,352 
  (34,531)
  -106.74%
  45,312 
  46,758 
  (1,446)
  -3.09%
  0 
  (2,179)
  2,179 
  -100.00%
  0 
  45,312 
  (45,312)
  -100.00%
Other income
  130,832 
  121,227 
  9,605 
  7.92%
  299,250 
  295,989 
  3,261 
  1.10%
Rental income
  2,428 
  15,625 
  (13,197)
  -84.46%
  27,937 
  46,466 
  (18,529)
  -39.88%
Gain on sale of property
  0 
  100.00%
  263,118 
  0 
  263,118 
  100.00%
Other miscellaneous income
  127,988 
  152,832 
  (24,844)
  -16.26%
  324,388 
  365,750 
  (41,362)
  -11.31%
Total non-interest income
 $1,449,247 
 $1,483,520 
 $(34,273)
  -2.31%
 $4,201,196 
 $4,040,070 
 $161,126 
  3.99%
 $1,542,793 
 $1,449,247 
 $93,546 
  6.45%
 $4,628,625 
 $4,201,196 
 $427,429 
  10.17%
 
Total non-interest income decreased $34,273,increased $93,546, or 2.3%6.5%, for the third quarter of 20172018 and increased $161,126,$427,429, or 4.0%10.2%, for the first nine months of 20172018 versus the same periods in 2016,2017, with significant changes noted in the following:
 
Service fees on deposit accounts increased $54,078,$47,537, or 7.5%6.2%, for the third quarter and $301,213,$107,996, or 15.1%4.7%, year over year due primarily to the implementation of the Bank’s new courtesy overdraft protection program at the beginning of the third quarter in 2016, which provided an increase in fee income from interchange income and overdraft fees of $39,327, or 15.6% and $264,731, or 43.4%, compared to the third quarter and first nine months of 2016, respectively.charges.
 
Income from sold loans decreased $44,779, or 19.4%,A realized loss on sale of securities AFS of $9,741 for the third quarter of 2018 and $122,904, or 18.0%, year over year, due$19,977 for the first nine months of 2018, compared to a decreaserealized gains of $1,246 and $4,647, respectively, for the same periods in 2017 are the result of sales of low-yielding, short-duration securities held in the volume of secondary market sales year over year, resulting from the increase in market rates as mentionedCompany’s AFS portfolio which were replaced with higher-yielding investments available in the Overview andcurrent market. Management expects that the diminishing volume of residential mortgage loan refinancings following a long period of low rates.higher interest income earned by the replacement securities will quickly recover any realized losses.
 
Income from CFSG Partners decreased $27,036,increased $42,941, or 18.9%37.0%, for the third quarter and $12,103,$115,213, or 3.7%36.6%, year over year. The decrease for the third quarter and year over year reflects a one-time mark-to-market adjustmentdue to CFSG Partners’ investment portfolio during the third quarter of 2016 of approximately $85,000, partially offset by an increase in fee income, which is generally based on the market value of $57,964 for the quarter and $72,897 year over year.assets under management.
 
Currency exchange income decreased $5,000, or 18.5% when comparing the third quarter 2017 to 2016 and decreased $12,000, or 15.3%, year over year due to fluctuations in the currency rates as the U.S. dollar strengthened in relation to the Canadian dollar.
There were SERP fair value adjustment decreased $34,531, or 106.7%,adjustments of $2,179 for the third quarter and $1,446, or 3.09%, year over year.$45,312 for the first nine months of 2017, with none during 2018. The final payment of SERP benefits to the last participant was made on July 1, 2017 and the related asset was liquidated shortly thereafter. A net loss of $2,179 was recognized in
Rental income decreased $13,197, or 84.5%, for the third quarter of 2017 forand $18,529, or 39.9%, year over year due to the change in fair valuesale of the assetsoffice condominium unit to CFSG.
Gain on sale of property of $263,118 during the first nine months of 2018 was directly related to the sale of an office condominium unit to the Company’s affiliate, CFSG, during the second quarter. There will no longer be an impactPrior to earningsthe sale, CFSG had rented this unit from this line itemthe Company since its formation in future periods.2002.
 
 
41

 
Non-interest Expense
 
The components of non-interest expense for the periods presented are as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended
 
 
 
 
 
September 30,
 
 
Change
 
 
September 30,
 
 
Change
 
 
September 30,
 
 
Change
 
 
September 30,
 
 
Change
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
Expense
 
 
Percent
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
Expense
 
 
Percent
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
Expense
 
 
Percent
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
Expense
 
 
Percent
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salaries and wages
 $1,653,751 
 $1,725,000 
 $(71,249)
  -4.13%
 $5,068,626 
 $5,175,000 
 $(106,374)
  -2.06%
 $1,730,386 
 $1,653,751 
 $76,635 
  4.63%
 $5,260,388 
 $5,068,626 
 $191,762 
  3.78%
Employee benefits
  682,944 
  679,762 
  3,182 
  0.47%
  2,016,923 
  2,049,926 
  (33,003)
  -1.61%
  695,735 
  682,944 
  12,791 
  1.87%
  2,092,039 
  2,016,923 
  75,116 
  3.72%
Occupancy expenses, net
  614,817 
  605,378 
  9,439 
  1.56%
  1,963,543 
  1,857,482 
  106,061 
  5.71%
  629,389 
  614,817 
  14,572 
  2.37%
  1,961,859 
  1,963,543 
  (1,684)
  -0.09%
Other expenses
    
    
Computer outsourcing
  130,938 
  128,910 
  2,028 
  1.57%
  408,044 
  376,885 
  31,159 
  8.27%
Service contracts - administrative
  116,863 
  106,747 
  10,116 
  9.48%
  313,526 
  292,663 
  20,863 
  7.13%
  133,177 
  116,863 
  16,314 
  13.96%
  380,338 
  313,526 
  66,812 
  21.31%
Marketing expense
  135,498 
  98,339 
  37,159 
  37.79%
  382,996 
  283,139 
  99,857 
  35.27%
  138,501 
  135,498 
  3,003 
  2.22%
  415,503 
  382,996 
  32,507 
  8.49%
Audit Fees
  95,751 
  73,774 
  21,977 
  29.79%
  299,128 
  259,764 
  39,364 
  15.15%
Consultant services
  61,113 
  51,833 
  9,280 
  17.90%
  162,935 
  116,293 
  46,642 
  40.11%
  59,368 
  61,113 
  (1,745)
  -2.86%
  202,604 
  162,935 
  39,669 
  24.35%
Collection & non-accruing loan
    
expense
  15,455 
  46,500 
  (31,045)
  -66.76%
  36,165 
  84,500 
  (48,335)
  -57.20%
Miscellaneous computer expense
  54,010 
  28,383 
  25,627 
  90.29%
  110,822 
  54,246 
  56,576 
  104.30%
OREO expense
  5,240 
  5,498 
  (258)
  -4.69%
  18,044 
  37,467 
  (19,423)
  -51.84%
Collection & non-accruing loan expense
  25,755 
  15,455 
  10,300 
  66.65%
  119,254 
  36,165 
  83,089 
  229.75%
Amortization of CDI
  0 
  68,175 
  (68,175)
  -100.00%
  0 
  204,525 
  (204,525)
  -100.00%
Other miscellaneous expenses
  1,371,487 
  1,314,153 
  57,334 
  4.36%
  3,984,178 
  3,820,372 
  163,806 
  4.29%
  1,366,270 
  1,419,726 
  (53,456)
  -3.77%
  3,978,311 
  4,056,799 
  (78,488)
  -1.93%
Total non-interest expense
 $4,842,116 
 $4,790,503 
 $51,613 
  1.08%
 $14,465,802 
 $14,147,973 
 $317,829 
  2.25%
 $4,874,332 
 $4,842,116 
 $32,216 
  0.67%
 $14,709,424 
 $14,465,802 
 $243,622 
  1.68%
 
Total non-interest expense increased $51,613,$32,216, or 1.1%0.7%, for the third quarter of 20172018 and $317,829,$243,622, or 2.3%1.7%, for the first nine months of 20172018, compared to the same periods in 20162017 with significant changes noted in the following:
 
Salaries and wages decreased $71,249,increased $76,635, or 4.1%4.6%, for the third quarter and $106,374,$191,762, or 2.1%3.8%, year over year,year. These increases were mostly due primarily to a one-time bonus paid to all employees, except the retirement of an executive employee thatofficers, as well as a $0.25 increase per hour to all employees, other than the executive officers. The bonus was partially offset by a new hirepaid, and the increase was effective, in information technology and normal salary increases.September 2018.
 
Occupancy expensesEmployee benefits increased $9,439,$12,791, or 1.6%1.9%, for the third quarter and $106,061,$75,116, or 5.7%3.7%, year over year due in part to the fact that the region experienced a shift to more seasonable winter conditions compared to the past few years causing an increaseincreases in heating costs and maintenance costs for snow removal. The Company has also seen a higher level of repairs and service to HVAC and sprinkler systems and expenses for general maintenance and repair of branch premises. Also contributing to the increase in occupancy expense is the cost of the lease on the Burlington loan production office that opened in the first quarter of 2017 in the amount of $25,425 for the first nine months of 2017.employee health insurance plan.
 
Computer outsourcingService contracts – administrative increased $2,028,$16,314 or 1.6%,14.0% for the third quarter of 2018 and $31,159,$66,812, or 8.3%21.3%, year over year due in part to an increase in purchased electronicthe increasing cost to support information technology services from the Company’s core vendor, particularly in the area of electronic and mobile banking.branch infrastructure.
 
Marketing expense increased $37,159,$3,003, or 37.8%2.2%, for the third quarter and $99,857,$32,507, or 35.3%8.5%, year over year due to the Company’s strategic decision to enhance marketing efforts, including a shift to television ads from paper and radio inand marketing efforts to promote strategic initiatives.
Audit fees increased $21,977, or 29.8%, for the 2017 calendar year.third quarter and $39,364, or 15.2%, year over year due to increased audit requirements on internal control over financial reporting as the Company transitioned to accelerated filer status for SEC reporting purposes.
 
Consultant services increased $9,280,decreased $1,745, or 17.9%2.9%, for the third quarter and $46,642,while increasing $39,669, or 40.1%24.4%, year over year, partlymostly due to a contract with a consultant for technology related projects.
 
Collection & non-accruing loan expense decreased $31,045,increased $10,300, or 66.8%66.7%, for the third quarter and $48,335,$83,089, or 57.2%229.8%, year over year. Expenses on non-performing loans are increasing due to the length of time it takes to go through the foreclosure process, contributing to the increase in both periods. The variance in both comparison periodsyear over year is due primarily to non-recurring recovery of expenses of approximately $28,000 in the third quarter and $30,000 in the first quarter of 2017.2017 compared to none in 2018.
 
Miscellaneous computer expense increased $25,627, or 90.3%,The CDI from the 2007 acquisition of LyndonBank was fully amortized in 2017, accounting for the third quarter and $56,576, or 104.3%, year over year, partly dueabsence of a CDI amortization expense during 2018, compared to an upgradeexpense of $68,175 and $204,525 for the devices used for boardthree- and management reporting which has eliminated the use and distribution of paper reports. As the cost of some technology decreases, individual items are below the depreciable threshold and become a direct expense.nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017, respectively.
 
42
OREO expense decreased $258, or 4.7% for the third quarter and $19,423, or 51.8%, year over year. During the second quarter of 2016, a $26,000 write-down was taken on an OREO property, although it was offset by approximately $15,000 in condominium association fees recouped on a former OREO property in the first quarter, the net effect contributed to higher OREO expense in 2016 compared to 2017.

 
APPLICABLE INCOME TAXES
 
The provision for income taxes increased $98,683,decreased in both periods, by $202,549, or 16.7%29.4%, to $688,155$485,606 for the third quarter of 20172018 compared to $589,472$688,155 for the same period in 20162017, and $204,769,$330,405, or 13.5%19.2%, to $1,720,003$1,389,598 for the first nine months of 20172018 compared to $1,515,234$1,720,003 for the first nine months of 2016. These increases aresame period in 2017. This decrease is due primarily to an increasea decrease in incomethe corporate tax rate from 34% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, resulting from passage of the 2017 Tax Act. Income before taxes of $375,732,increased $274,234, or 17.9%11.1%, for the third quarter of 20172018 compared to the same quarter in 2016,2017, and an increase of $930,855,$1,217,845, or 16.9%19.0%, for the first nine months of 20172018 compared to the same period in 2016.2017. Tax credits related to limited partnerships amounted to $106,599$100,140 and $98,475,$106,599, respectively, for the third quarterquarters of 2018 and 2017, and 2016,$300,420 and $319,797, and $295,425respectively, for the first nine months of 2017 and 2016.2018 compared to 2017.
 
Amortization expense related to limited partnership investments is included as a component of income tax expense and amounted to $105,414$94,371 and $102,006,$105,414, respectively, for the third quarter of 2018 and 2017, and 2016,$283,113 and $316,242 and $306,018 for the first nine months of 20172018 and 2016,2017, respectively. These investments provide tax benefits, including tax credits, and are designed to provide ana targeted effective yield of between 8%7% and 10%.
 
CHANGES IN FINANCIAL CONDITION
 
The following table reflects the composition of the Company's major categories of assets and liabilities as a percentage of total assets or liabilities and shareholders’ equity, as the case may be, as of the dates indicated:
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
September 30, 2016
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans
 $506,048,119 
  76.50%
 $487,249,226 
  76.41%
 $470,186,895 
  77.62%
 $530,503,023 
  76.39%
 $502,864,651 
  75.39%
 $506,048,119 
  76.50%
Securities available-for-sale
  36,719,673 
  5.55%
  33,715,051 
  5.29%
  29,412,216 
  4.86%
Securities held-to-maturity
  53,882,287 
  8.14%
  49,886,631 
  7.82%
  56,837,100 
  9.38%
Securities AFS
  38,927,383 
  5.61%
  38,450,653 
  5.76%
  36,719,673 
  5.55%
Securities HTM
  50,801,832 
  7.31%
  48,824,965 
  7.32%
  53,882,287 
  8.14%
    
    
Liabilities
    
    
Demand deposits
  115,930,899 
  17.52%
  104,472,268 
  16.38%
  101,259,470 
  16.72%
  117,735,114 
  16.95%
  117,245,565 
  17.58%
  115,930,899 
  17.52%
Interest-bearing transaction accounts
  127,426,517 
  19.26%
  118,053,360 
  18.51%
  119,981,648 
  19.81%
  144,505,290 
  20.81%
  132,633,533 
  19.88%
  127,426,517 
  19.26%
Money market accounts
  85,947,545 
  12.99%
  79,042,619 
  12.40%
  76,976,376 
  12.71%
  84,260,680 
  12.13%
  93,392,005 
  14.00%
  85,947,545 
  12.99%
Savings deposits
  99,439,616 
  15.03%
  86,776,856 
  13.61%
  91,274,380 
  15.07%
  98,664,688 
  14.21%
  97,516,284 
  14.62%
  99,439,616 
  15.03%
Time deposits
  128,007,743 
  19.35%
  116,389,929 
  18.25%
  114,315,032 
  18.87%
  140,318,950 
  20.20%
  119,847,593 
  17.97%
  128,007,743 
  19.35%
Borrowed Funds
  0 
  0.00%
  0 
  0.00%
  5,245,000 
  0.87%
Short-term advances
  0 
  0.00%
  30,000,000 
  4.70%
  0 
  0.00%
Long-term advances
  3,550,000 
  0.54%
  1,550,000 
  0.24%
  550,000 
  0.09%
  1,550,000 
  0.22%
  3,550,000 
  0.53%
  3,550,000 
  0.54%
 
The Company's total loan portfolio at September 30, 20172018 increased $18,798,893,$27,638,372, or 3.9%5.5%, from December 31, 20162017 and $35,861,224,$24,454,904, or 7.6%4.8%, year over year. Securities available-for-sale (AFS)AFS securities increased $3,004,622$476,730 or 8.9%1.2%, year to date, and $7,307,457,$2,207,710, or 24.8%6.0%, year over year. Securities held-to-maturityAs assets have grown, management has sought to increase the AFS portfolio in order to maintain its size proportional to the overall asset base, as this portfolio serves an important role in the Company’s liquidity position. HTM securities increased $3,995,656$1,976,867 or 8.0%4.1%, year to date, and decreased $2,954,813,while decreasing $3,080,455, or 5.2%5.7%, year over year. Held-to-maturityHTM securities are made upconsist entirely of investments from the Company’s municipal customers in its service areas. WhileThe moderate increase from year end 2017 and the Company has used maturing securitiesdecrease at September 30, 2018 compared to fund loan growthSeptember 30, 2017 reflects the increasing competition for municipal relationships in recent periods, the liquidity provided by these investments is very important. As a result, the AFS portfolio has been expanding in recent periods to keep the Company’s on-balance-sheet liquidity proportional to the overall asset base.our market.
 
Total deposits increased $52,017,288,$24,849,742, or 10.3%4.4%, from December 31, 20162017 to September 30, 2017,2018, and an increase of $52,945,414,$28,732,402, or 10.5%5.2%, is noted year over year. Demand deposits increased $11,458,631,$489,549, or 11.0%0.4%, year to date and $14,671,429,$1,804,215, or 14.5%1.6%, year over year. Business checking accounts account for most of the fluctuations in balances with an increase in balances of $1,772,565 year split between growth in business checking ($13.5 million, or 21.8%)to date, and consumer checking ($1.2 million, or 3.1%). Thean increase of $4,077,065 year over year. With the improving economy, the Company is seeing growth in the business customer base and improvements in financial health of existing business customers. Money marketInterest-bearing transaction accounts increased $6,904,926,$11,871,757, or 8.7%9.0%, from December 31, 2017 and $17,078,773, or 13.4%, year over year. Interest-bearing DDAs are made up of both business and consumer accounts, and account for a good portion of the increase with increases of $6,388,305, or 10.1%, year to date and $8,971,169,$3,793,684, or 11.7%5.7%, year over year. Savings depositsICS DDAs increased significantly in both periods, with increases of $12,662,760,$5,031,113 or 14.6%50.6%, year to date and $8,165,236,$6,866,096, or 9.0%,84.6% year over year. As mentioned earlier, this is partially due to multiple construction escrow accounts. Time deposits increased $11,617,814,Money market accounts decreased $9,131,325, or 10.0%9.8%, year to date, and $13,692,711,$1,686,865, or 12.0%2.0%, year over year. The year whichto date decrease is entirely attributable to an increasethe seasonal municipal deposit decline. Savings deposits increased $1,148,404, or 1.2%, year to date, while decreasing $774,928, or 0.8%, year over year. Time deposits increased $20,471,357, or 17.1%, year to date and $12,311,207, or 9.6%, year over year. These increases were primarily driven by increases in wholesale purchased time deposits.deposits of $21,644,907 year to date and $14,743,812 year over year, offset in part by decreases in retail time deposits of $1,173,550 and $2,432,605, respectively. There were no overnight purchases and short-term advances fromfor any of the FHLBB at September 30, 2017, $30,000,000 at December 31, 2016 and $5,245,000 at September 30, 2016. In addition,periods presented, but there were outstanding long-term advances from the FHLBB of $3,550,000$1,550,000 at September 30, 2017, $1,550,0002018 and $3,550,000 at December 31, 2016,2017 and $550,000 at September 30, 2016.2017. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section for a discussion on the change in long-term advances during 2018.
 
43

 
Interest Rate Risk and Asset and Liability Management - Management actively monitors and manages the Company’s interest rate risk exposure and attempts to structure the balance sheet to maximize net interest income while controlling its exposure to interest rate risk. The Company's Asset/Liability Management Committee (ALCO)ALCO is made up of the Executive Officers and certain Vice Presidents of the Bank representing major business lines. The ALCO formulates strategies to manage interest rate risk by evaluating the impact on earnings and capital of such factors as current interest rate forecasts and economic indicators, potential changes in such forecasts and indicators, liquidity and various business strategies. The ALCO meets at least quarterly to review financial statements, liquidity levels, yields and spreads to better understand, measure, monitor and control the Company’s interest rate risk. In the ALCO process, the committee members apply policy limits set forth in the Asset Liability, Liquidity and Investment policies approved and periodically reviewed by the Company’s Board of Directors. The ALCO's methods for evaluating interest rate risk include an analysis of the effects of interest rate changes on net interest income and an analysis of the Company's interest rate sensitivity "gap", which provides a static analysis of the maturity and repricing characteristics of the entire balance sheet. The ALCO Policy also includes a contingency funding plan to help management prepare for unforeseen liquidity restrictions, including hypothetical severe liquidity crises.
 
Interest rate risk represents the sensitivity of earnings to changes in market interest rates. As interest rates change, the interest income and expense streams associated with the Company’s financial instruments also change, thereby impacting net interest income (NII),NII, the primary component of the Company’s earnings. Fluctuations in interest rates can also have an impact on liquidity. The ALCO uses an outside consultant to perform rate shock simulations to the Company's net interest income, as well as a variety of other analyses. It is the ALCO’s function to provide the assumptions used in the modeling process. Assumptions used in prior period simulation models are regularly tested by comparing projected NII with actual NII. The ALCO utilizes the results of the simulation model to quantify the estimated exposure of NII and liquidity to sustained interest rate changes. The simulation model captures the impact of changing interest rates on the interest income received and interest expense paid on all interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities reflected on the Company’s balance sheet. The model also simulates the balance sheet’s sensitivity to a prolonged flat rate environment. All rate scenarios are simulated assuming a parallel shift of the yield curve; however further simulations are performed utilizing non-parallel changes in the yield curve. The results of this sensitivity analysis are compared to the ALCO policy limits which specify a maximum tolerance level for NII exposure over a 1-year horizon, assuming no balance sheet growth, given a 200 basis point (bp)bps shift upward and a 100 bpbps shift downward in interest rates.
 
Under the Company’s interest rate sensitivity modeling, with the continued asset sensitive balance sheet, in a rising rate environment, NIIinterest income is expected to trend upward as the short-term asset base (cash and adjustable rate loans) quickly cycle upward whileupward. However, as rates continue to rise, the cost of wholesale funds increases and pressure to increase rates paid on the retail funding base (deposits) lagsis increasing, putting pressure on NII and reducing the market. If rates paid on deposits have to be increased more and/or more quickly than projected, the expected benefit to rising rates would be reduced.rates. In a falling rate environment, NII is expected to trend slightly downward compared with the current rate environment scenario for the first year of the simulation as asset yield erosion is not fully offset by decreasing funding costs. Thereafter, net interest income is projected to experience sustained downward pressure as funding costs reach their assumed floors and asset yields continue to reprice into the lower rate environment. The recent increases in the federal funds rate have generated a positive impact to the Company’s NII in 2017 as variable rate loans reprice; however the behavior of the long end of the yield curve will also be very important to the Company’s margins going forward, as funding costs continue to rise and the long end remains relatively anchored.
 
The following table summarizes the estimated impact on the Company's NII over a twelve month period, assuming a gradual parallel shift of the yield curve beginning September 30, 2017:2018:
 
Rate Change
 
Percent Change in NII
 
 
 
 
 
Down 100 basis pointsbps
  -2.8-1.6%
Up 200 basis pointsbps
  3.72.0%
 
The amounts shown in the table are well within the ALCO Policy limits. However, those amounts do not represent a forecast and should not be relied upon as indicative of future results. While assumptions used in the ALCO process, including the interest rate simulation analyses, are developed based upon current economic and local market conditions, and expected future conditions, the Company cannot provide any assurances as to the predictive nature of these assumptions, including how customer preferences or competitor influences might change.
44
 
Credit Risk - As a financial institution, one of the primary risks the Company manages is credit risk, the risk of loss stemming from borrowers’ failure to repay loans or inability to meet other contractual obligations. The Company’s Board of Directors prescribes policies for managing credit risk, including Loan, Appraisal and Environmental policies. These policies are supplemented by comprehensive underwriting standards and procedures. The Company maintains a Credit Administration department whose function includes credit analysis and monitoring of and reporting on the status of the loan portfolio, including delinquent and non-performing loan trends. The Company also monitors concentration of credit risk in a variety of areas, including portfolio mix, the level of loans to individual borrowers and their related interest, loans to industry segments, and the geographic distribution of commercial real estate loans. Loans are reviewed periodically by an independent loan review firm to help ensure accuracy of the Company's internal risk ratings and compliance with various internal policies, procedures and regulatory guidance.

 
Residential mortgages represent a little less than half40.0% of the Company’s loan balances; that level has been on a gradual decline in recent years, with a strategic shift to commercial lending. The Company maintains a mortgage loan portfolio of traditional mortgage products and does not engage in higher risk loans such as option adjustable rate mortgage products, high loan-to-value products, interest only mortgages, subprime loans and products with deeply discounted teaser rates. Residential mortgages with loan-to-values exceeding 80% are generally covered by private mortgage insurance (“PMI”).PMI. A 90% loan-to-value residential mortgage product without PMI is only available to borrowers with excellent credit and low debt-to-income ratios and has not been widely originated. Junior lien home equity products make up 20.8%21.0% of the residential mortgage portfolio with maximum loan-to-value ratios (including prior liens) of 80%. The Company also originates some home equity loans greater than 80% under an insured loan program with stringent underwriting criteria.
 
Consistent with the strategic focus on commercial lending, both segments saw solid growth during 2016 despite some significant loan payoffs during the year. The 2016 growth included balances being drawn on commercial construction loans& industrial and higher balances on commercial lines of credit. Commercial and commercial real estateCRE loan demand has continued intothrough 2017 and is increasinginto 2018 with the funding of construction projects and draws on lines of credit. The increase in CRE loans during 2018 is being driven by a combination of construction draws and new CRE term loans, while the rise in commercial & industrial loan balances is being driven by new loans and lines of credit in addition to seasonal draws on existing commercial lines of credit. Commercial & industrial and commercial real estateCRE loans together comprised 57.0%59.1% of the Company’s loan portfolio at September 30, 2017, 55.5%2018, 56.5% at December 31, 20162017 and 55.3%57.0% at September 30, 2016.2017. The increase in the absolute and relative size of the commercial loan portfolio has also increased geographic diversification, with much of the growth in commercial loans occurring along the I-89 corridor from White River Junction through Chittenden County.County, outside the Company’s primary banking markets.
 
The following table reflects the composition of the Company's loan portfolio, by portfolio segment, as a percentage of total loans as of the dates indicated:
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
September 30, 2016
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial & industrial
 $77,604,260 
  15.33%
 $68,730,573 
  14.11%
 $69,791,331 
  14.84%
 $89,120,826 
  16.80%
 $77,110,747 
  15.33%
 $77,604,260 
  15.33%
Commercial real estate
  210,983,668 
  41.69%
  201,728,280 
  41.40%
  190,246,590 
  40.46%
  224,220,329 
  42.26%
  207,044,227 
  41.17%
  210,983,668 
  41.69%
1 - 4 family residential - 1st lien
  167,185,874 
  33.04%
  166,691,962 
  34.21%
  161,277,406 
  34.30%
1 - 4 family residential - Jr lien
  43,962,578 
  8.69%
  42,927,335 
  8.81%
  41,739,827 
  8.88%
Residential real estate - 1st lien
  167,853,992 
  31.64%
  168,184,135 
  33.45%
  167,185,874 
  33.04%
Residential real estate - Jr lien
  44,549,279 
  8.40%
  45,256,862 
  9.00%
  43,962,578 
  8.69%
Consumer
  6,311,739 
  1.25%
  7,171,076 
  1.47%
  7,131,741 
  1.52%
  4,758,597 
  0.90%
  5,268,680 
  1.05%
  6,311,739 
  1.25%
Total loans
  506,048,119 
  100.00%
  487,249,226 
  100.00%
  470,186,895 
  100.00%
  530,503,023 
  100.00%
  502,864,651 
  100.00%
  506,048,119 
  100.00%
Deduct (add):
    
    
Allowance for loan losses
  5,436,313 
    
  5,278,445 
    
  5,179,965 
    
  5,641,227 
    
  5,438,099 
    
  5,436,313 
    
Deferred net loan costs
  (318,452)
    
  (310,130)
    
  (312,565)
    
  (353,548)
    
  (318,651)
    
  (318,452)
    
Net loans
 $500,930,258 
    
 $482,280,911 
    
 $465,319,495 
    
 $525,215,344 
    
 $497,745,203 
    
 $500,930,258 
    
 
Risk in the Company’s commercial & industrial and commercial real estateCRE loan portfolios is mitigated in part by government guarantees issued by federal agencies such as the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA)SBA and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Rural Development.RD. At September 30, 2017,2018, the Company had $28,112,585 in guaranteed loans with guaranteed balances of $21,208,209, compared to $25,457,081 in guaranteed loans with guaranteed balances of $19,101,965 at December 31, 2017 and $26,557,438 in guaranteed loans with guaranteed balances of $19,693,638 compared to $23,929,426 in guaranteed loans with guaranteed balances of $18,128,676 at December 31, 2016 and $26,476,719 in guaranteed loans with guaranteed balances of $20,070,993 at September 30, 2016.2017.
 
The Company works actively with customers early in the delinquency process to help them to avoid default and foreclosure. Commercial & industrial and commercial real estateCRE loans are generally placed on non-accrual status when there is deterioration in the financial position of the borrower, payment in full of principal and interest is not expected, and/or principal or interest has been in default for 90 days or more. However, such a loan need not be placed on non-accrual status if it is both well secured and in the process of collection. Residential mortgages and home equity loans are considered for non-accrual status at 90 days past due and are evaluated on a case-by-case basis. The Company obtains current property appraisals or market value analyses and considers the cost to carry and sell collateral in order to assess the level of specific allocations required. Consumer loans are generally not placed in non-accrual but are charged off by the time they reach 120 days past due. When a loan is placed in non-accrual status, the Company reverses the accrued interest against current period income and discontinues the accrual of interest until the borrower clearly demonstrates the ability and intention to resume normal payments, typically demonstrated by regular timely payments for a period of not less than six months. Interest payments received on non-accrual or impaired loans are generally applied as a reduction of the loan book balance.
 
45

 
The Company’s non-performing assets decreased $135,656,increased $1,101,422, or 3.4%23.8%, during the first nine months of 2017.2018. The change in non-performing assets was dueincrease is attributable primarily to a shiftcombination of several residential mortgage loans moving out of ninety days past due and into non-accrual, which was offset, in part, by a decrease in commercial & industrialreal estate loans and several commercial real estate loans in themoving into non-accrual portfolio.status. Claims receivable on related government guarantees were $189,719 at September 30, 2018 compared to $6,771 at December 31, 2017 and $0 at September 30, 2017, compared to $56,319 at December 31, 2016 and $0 at September 30, 2016, with numerous USDARD and SBA claims settled and paid throughout 20162017, and 2017.three new claims pending settlement in 2018. Non-performing loans as of September 30, 20172018 carried USDARD and SBA guarantees totaling $49,153,$384,082, compared to $146,323$59,617 at December 31, 20162017 and $168,861$49,153 at September 30, 2016.2017.
 
The following table reflects the composition of the Company's non-performing assets, by portfolio segment, as a percentage of total non-performing assets as of the dates indicated:
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
September 30, 2016
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans past due 90 days or more
 
 
 
 
 
 
and still accruing(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial & industrial
 $0 
  0.00%
 $26,042 
  0.65%
 $116,720 
  2.79%
Commercial real estate
  15,011 
  0.39%
  0 
  0.00%
  227,302 
  5.43%
 $0 
  0.00%
 $0 
  0.00%
  15,011 
  0.39%
Residential real estate - 1st lien
  725,581 
  18.81%
  1,068,083 
  26.75%
  744,379 
  17.78%
  1,075,393 
  18.76%
  1,249,241 
  26.97%
  725,581 
  18.81%
Residential real estate - Jr lien
  64,292 
  1.67%
  27,905 
  0.70%
  91,420 
  2.18%
  103,298 
  1.80%
  0 
  0.00%
  64,292 
  1.67%
Consumer
  2,777 
  0.07%
  2,176 
  0.05%
  0 
  0.00%
  8,631 
  0.15%
  1,484 
  0.03%
  2,777 
  0.07%
  807,661 
  20.94%
  1,124,206 
  28.15%
  1,179,821 
  28.18%
  1,187,322 
  20.71%
  1,250,725 
  27.00%
  807,661 
  20.94%
    
    
Non-accrual loans (1)
    
    
Commercial & industrial
  48,385 
  1.25%
  143,128 
  3.59%
  205,358 
  4.90%
  97,936 
  1.71%
  98,806 
  2.14%
  48,385 
  1.25%
Commercial real estate
  714,720 
  18.53%
  765,584 
  19.17%
  759,332 
  18.13%
  1,869,717 
  32.61%
  1,065,385 
  23.00%
  714,720 
  18.53%
Residential real estate - 1st lien
  1,511,891 
  39.20%
  1,227,220 
  30.74%
  1,289,968 
  30.81%
  1,959,124 
  34.17%
  1,585,473 
  34.23%
  1,511,891 
  39.20%
Residential real estate - Jr lien
  450,192 
  11.67%
  338,602 
  8.48%
  343,766 
  8.21%
  420,624 
  7.34%
  346,912 
  7.49%
  450,192 
  11.67%
  2,725,188 
  70.65%
  2,474,534 
  61.98%
  2,598,424 
  62.05%
  4,347,401 
  75.83%
  3,096,576 
  66.86%
  2,725,188 
  70.65%
    
    
Other real estate owned
  324,235 
  8.41%
  394,000 
  9.87%
  409,000 
  9.77%
  198,235 
  3.46%
  284,235 
  6.14%
  324,235 
  8.41%
    
    
 $3,857,084 
  100.00%
 $3,992,740 
  100.00%
 $4,187,245 
  100.00%
 $5,732,958 
  100.00%
 $4,631,536 
  100.00%
 $3,857,084 
  100.00%
 
(1) No commercial & industrial loans were past due 90 days or more and no consumer loans were in non-accrual status as of the consolidated balance sheet dates.dates presented. In accordance with Company policy, delinquent consumer loans are charged off at 120 days past due.
 
The Company’s OREO portfolio consisted of two commercial properties at September 30, 2017 consisted of2018, compared to one residential property and one commercial property compared to two residential properties at December 31, 20162017 and twoone residential propertiesand one commercial property at September 30, 2016. All of the2017. The residential properties were acquired through the normal foreclosure process. Theprocess, while the Company took control of twothe commercial properties. All properties in 2017, one in January and the other in March. One of the commercial properties sold in April, 2017 and the other failed to sell at auction in May, 2017 and iscurrent OREO portfolio are listed for sale.
 
The Company’s troubled debt restructurings (TDRs)TDRs are principally a result of extending loan repayment terms to relieve cash flow difficulties. The Company has only infrequently reduced interest rates below the current market rate. The Company has not forgiven principal or reduced accrued interest within the terms of original restructurings. Management evaluates each TDR situation on its own merits and does not foreclose the granting of any particular type of concession.
 
46
The non-performing assets in the table above include the following TDRs that were past due 90 days or more or in non-accrual status as of the dates presented:
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
September 30, 2016
 
 
Number of
 
 
Principal
 
 
Number of
 
 
Principal
 
 
Number of
 
 
Principal
 
 
Number of
 
 
Principal
 
 
Number of
 
 
Principal
 
 
Number of
 
 
Principal
 
 
Loans
 
 
Balance
 
 
Loans
 
 
Balance
 
 
Loans
 
 
Balance
 
 
Loans
 
 
Balance
 
 
Loans
 
 
Balance
 
 
Loans
 
 
Balance
 
 
 
 
Commercial & industrial
  1 
 $48,385 
  2 
 $143,127 
  3 
 $191,919 
  1 
 $24,685 
  1 
 $24,685 
  1 
 $48,385 
Commercial real estate
  2 
  329,149 
  2 
  354,811 
  2 
  373,767 
  4 
  476,194 
  3 
  531,117 
  2 
  329,149 
Residential real estate - 1st lien
  7 
  343,519 
  9 
  516,886 
  10 
  684,636 
  11 
  1,010,232 
  7 
  412,134 
  7 
  343,519 
Residential real estate - Jr lien
  0 
  2 
  117,158 
  1 
  52,130 
  10 
 $721,053 
  15 
 $1,131,982 
  16 
 $1,302,452 
  16 
 $1,511,111 
  11 
 $967,937 
  10 
 $721,053 
 

 
The remaining TDRs were performing in accordance with their modified terms as of the dates presented and consisted of the following:
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
September 30, 2016
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
Number of
 
 
Principal
 
 
Number of
 
 
Principal
 
 
Number of
 
 
Principal
 
 
Number of
 
 
Principal
 
 
Number of
 
 
Principal
 
 
Number of
 
 
Principal
 
 
Loans
 
 
Balance
 
 
Loans
 
 
Balance
 
 
Loans
 
 
Balance
 
 
Loans
 
 
Balance
 
 
Loans
 
 
Balance
 
 
Loans
 
 
Balance
 
Commercial & industrial
  0 
 $0 
  0 
 $0 
  2 
 $35,340 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
  5 
  1,291,887 
  5 
  1,350,480 
  5 
  1,391,990 
  1 
 $104,439 
  2 
 $308,460 
  5 
 $1,291,887 
Residential real estate - 1st lien
  53 
  2,811,263 
  28 
  2,722,973 
  27 
  2,558,079 
  50 
  2,834,574 
  54 
  2,837,572 
  53 
  2,811,263 
Residential real estate - Jr lien
  1 
  8,645 
  2 
  63,971 
  3 
  132,822 
  1 
  7,484 
  1 
  8,358 
  1 
  8,645 
  59 
 $4,111,795 
  35 
 $4,137,424 
  37 
 $4,118,231 
  52 
 $2,946,497 
  57 
 $3,154,389 
  59 
 $4,111,795 
 
As of the balance sheet dates, the Company evaluates whether it is contractually committed to lend additional funds to debtors with impaired, non-accrual or modified loans. The Company is contractually committed to lend on one SBA guaranteed line of credit to a borrower whose lending relationship was previously restructured.
 
Allowance for loan losses and provisions - The Company maintains an ALL at a level that management believes is appropriate to absorb losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the measurement date (See Note 5 to the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements). Although the Company, in establishing the ALL, considers the inherent losses in individual loans and pools of loans, the ALL is a general reserve available to absorb all credit losses in the loan portfolio. No part of the ALL is segregated to absorb losses from any particular loan or segment of loans.
 
When establishing the ALL each quarter, the Company applies a combination of historical loss factors and qualitative factors to loan segments, including residential first and junior lien mortgages, commercial real estate, commercial & industrial, and consumer loan portfolios. The Company applies numerous qualitative factors to each segment of the loan portfolio. Those factors include the levels of and trends in delinquencies and non-accrual loans, criticized and classified assets, volumes and terms of loans, and the impact of any loan policy changes. Experience, ability and depth of lending personnel, levels of policy and documentation exceptions, national and local economic trends, the competitive environment, and concentrations of credit are also factors considered.
 
Specific allocations to the ALL are made for certain impaired loans. Impaired loans include all troubled debt restructurings regardless of amount, and all loans to a borrower that in aggregate are greater than $100,000 and that are in non-accrual status. A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due, including interest and principal, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The Company will review all the facts and circumstances surrounding non-accrual loans and on a case-by-case basis may consider loans below the threshold as impaired when such treatment is material to the financial statements. See Note 5 to the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for information on the recorded investment in impaired loans and their related allocations.
 
During the second quarter of 2017, the Company transitioned to a software solution for preparing the ALL calculation and related reports, replacing previously used Excel spreadsheets. The software solution provides the Company with stronger data integrity, ease and efficiency in ALL preparation, and helps ready the Company for the future transition to the Current Expected Credit Loss (CECL) model. During the implementation and testing of the software, several changes to the underlying ALL methodology were made. Those changes included (i) removing the government guaranteed balances from the calculation of the ALL for both the pooled loans and impaired loans, (ii) treating all TDRs as impaired regardless of size, and (iii) using a fixed look back period for historical losses based on loss history and economic conditions rather than applying the highest look back period of the last 5 years. The Company has a solid history of collection of government guarantees; removal of the guaranteed portion of the loan balance from the ALL calculation for government guaranteed loans reduces the amount of reserves that would otherwise be required against those loans. Management expects the change to the historical loss methodology will eliminate sharp increases or decreases in loss ratios resulting from isolated losses rolling into or out of the look back period and is more reflective of the Company’s loss history during periods of economic stability. Although the inclusion of all TDRs in the impaired calculation now requires the individual analysis of a significantly larger number of loans than was the case under the previous ALL methodology, the ability to individually analyze a greater number of loans is facilitated by the new software. Compared to the prior ALL methodology, the net impact of the foregoing methodology changes reduced required reserves by approximately $247,000 for the quarter ended June 30, 2017, the quarter during which the changes were first implemented.
47

 
The following table summarizes the Company's loan loss experience for the periods presented:
 
 
As of or for the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
As of or Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans outstanding, end of period
 $506,048,119 
 $470,186,895 
 $530,503,023 
 $506,048,119 
Average loans outstanding during period
 $495,170,740 
 $465,314,118 
 $515,558,758 
 $495,170,740 
Non-accruing loans, end of period
 $2,725,188 
 $2,598,424 
 $4,347,401 
 $2,725,188 
Non-accruing loans, net of government guarantees
 $2,676,035 
 $2,429,563 
 $3,963,319 
 $2,676,035 
    
    
Allowance, beginning of period
 $5,278,445 
 $5,011,878 
 $5,438,099 
 $5,278,445 
Loans charged off:
    
    
Commercial & industrial
  0 
  (12,194)
  (131,273)
  0 
Commercial real estate
  (160,207)
  0 
  (124,645)
  (160,207)
Residential real estate - 1st lien
  (88,833)
  (234,549)
  (79,025)
  (88,833)
Residential real estate - Jr lien
  (15,311)
  0 
  (36,174)
  (15,311)
Consumer loans
  (99,617)
  (38,412)
  (110,715)
  (99,617)
Total loans charged off
  (363,968)
  (285,155)
  (481,832)
  (363,968)
Recoveries:
    
    
Commercial & industrial
  23,469 
  22,650 
  55,858 
  23,469 
Commercial real estate
  231 
  0 
  0 
  231 
Residential real estate - 1st lien
  14,838 
  9,660 
  26,511 
  14,838 
Residential real estate - Jr lien
  180 
  935 
  180 
Consumer loans
  33,118 
  20,752 
  31,656 
  33,118 
Total recoveries
  71,836 
  53,242 
  114,960 
  71,836 
Net loans charged off
  (292,132)
  (231,913)
  (366,872)
  (292,132)
Provision charged to income
  450,000 
  400,000 
  570,000 
  450,000 
Allowance, end of period
 $5,436,313 
 $5,179,965 
 $5,641,227 
 $5,436,313 
    
    
Net charge offs to average loans outstanding
  0.059%
  0.050%
  0.071%
  0.059%
Provision charged to income as a percent of average loans
  0.091%
  0.086%
  0.111%
  0.091%
Allowance to average loans outstanding
  1.098%
  1.113%
  1.094%
  1.098%
Allowance to non-accruing loans
  199.484%
  199.350%
  129.761%
  199.484%
Allowance to non-accruing loans net of government guarantees
  203.148%
  213.206%
  142.336%
  203.148%
 
The provision increased $50,000,$120,000, or 12.5%26.7%, for the first nine months of 20172018 compared to the same period in 2016.2017. The lowerhigher 2018 budgeted provision level is intended to support continued growth in 2016 was principally relatedthe Company’s loan portfolio and to the comparatively low level of netcompensate for loan losses experienced during the first three months of 2016.charge off activity. The first quarter 20172018 provision supported higher losses driven by one particular CRE charge off and two commercial real estateloan relationship charge off.offs. The decreasereserve requirement remained relatively unchanged with a reduction in specific reserves as a result of those charge offs, a drop in unguaranteed pooled loan balances at first quarter-end, along with improvement in some qualitative factor adjustments. Net charge off activity tapered off in the sizesecond quarter followed by net recoveries of $18,204 experienced in the overall portfolio at March 31, 2017 comparedthird quarter. The third quarter provision was increased by $30,000 to year-end precluded the need for any additional first quarter provision. The second$210,000 to support strong commercial and third quarters of 2017 saw modest loan losses coupled with strongCRE loan growth, landing the year-to-date provision at $570,000. Specific reserves at $224,099 were up by $93,605 during the third quarter, but remain lower year-over-year. With qualitative factors seeing modest improvement during the third quarter and as suchhistorical loss factors relatively unchanged, the provision remained on budget at $450,000 year-to-date.
48
increase to required reserves was driven by loan portfolio growth and the increase to specific reserves.
 
The Company has an experienced collections department that continues to work actively with borrowers to resolve problem loans and manage the OREO portfolio, and management continues to monitor the loan portfolio closely.
 
The third quarter ALL analysis shows the reserve balance of $5,436,313$5,641,227 at September 30, 20172018 is sufficientappropriate in management’s view to cover losses that are probable and estimable, with an unallocated reserve of $261,957.$243,192 compared to $267,551 at December 31, 2017, and $261,957 at September 30, 2017. The reserve balance and unallocated amount continue to be directionally consistent with the overall risk profile of the Company’s loan portfolio and credit risk appetite. The portion of the ALL termed "unallocated" is established to absorb inherent losses that exist as of the measurement date although not specifically identified through management's process for estimating credit losses. While the ALL is described as consisting of separate allocated portions, the entire ALL is available to support loan losses, regardless of category. Unallocated reserves are considered by management to be appropriate in light of the Company’s continued growth strategy and shift in the portfolio from residential loans to commercial and commercial real estate loans and the risk associated with the relatively new, unseasoned loans in those portfolios. The adequacyappropriateness of the ALL is reviewed quarterly by the risk management committee of the Board of Directors and then presented to the full Board of Directors for approval.

 
Market Risk - In addition to credit risk in the Company’s loan portfolio and liquidity risk in its loan and deposit-taking operations, the Company’s business activities also generate market risk. Market risk is the risk of loss in a financial instrument arising from adverse changes in market prices and rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and equity prices. Declining capital markets can result in fair value adjustments necessary to record decreases in the value of the investment portfolio for other-than-temporary-impairment. The Company does not have any market risk sensitive instruments acquired for trading purposes. The Company’s market risk arises primarily from interest rate risk inherent in its lending and deposit taking activities. During recessionary periods, a declining housing market can result in an increase in loan loss reserves or ultimately an increase in foreclosures. Interest rate risk is directly related to the different maturities and repricing characteristics of interest-bearing assets and liabilities, as well as to loan prepayment risks, early withdrawal of time deposits, and the fact that the speed and magnitude of responses to interest rate changes vary by product. As discussed above under "Interest Rate Risk and Asset and Liability Management", the Company actively monitors and manages its interest rate risk through the ALCO process.
 
COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND OFF-BALANCE-SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
 
The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit and risk-sharing commitments on certain sold loans. Such instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheet. The contract or notional amounts of those instruments reflect the extent of involvement the Company has in particular classes of financial instruments. During the first nine months of 2017,2018, the Company did not engage in any activity that created any additional types of off-balance sheet risk.
The Company generally requires collateral or other security to support financial instruments with credit risk. The Company's financial instruments whose contract amount represents credit risk were as follows:
 
 
Contract or Notional Amount
 
 
 
September 30,
 
 
December 31,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unused portions of home equity lines of credit
 $28,640,161 
 $25,535,104 
Residential construction lines of credit
  4,160,338 
  3,676,176 
Commercial real estate and other construction lines of credit
  30,022,030 
  25,951,345 
Commercial and industrial commitments
  35,776,104 
  36,227,213 
Other commitments to extend credit
  52,666,605 
  42,459,454 
Standby letters of credit and commercial letters of credit
  1,651,759 
  2,009,788 
Recourse on sale of credit card portfolio
  309,155 
  258,555 
MPF credit enhancement obligation, net of liability recorded
  596,642 
  748,239 
Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.
In connection with its 2007 trust preferred securities financing, the Company guaranteed the payment obligations under the $12,500,000 of capital securities of its subsidiary, CMTV Statutory Trust I. The source of funds for payments by the Trust on its capital securities is payments made by the Company on its debentures issued to the Trust. The Company's obligation under those debentures is fully reflected in the Company's balance sheet, in the gross amount of $12,887,000 for each of the comparison periods, of which $12,500,000 represents external financing through the issuance to investors of capital securities by CMTV Statutory Trust I.
49
 
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
 
Managing liquidity risk is essential to maintaining both depositor confidence and stability in earnings. Liquidity management refers to the ability of the Company to adequately cover fluctuations in assets and liabilities. Meeting loan demand (assets) and covering the withdrawal of deposit funds (liabilities) are two key components of the liquidity management process. The Company’s principal sources of funds are deposits, amortization and prepayment of loans and securities, maturities of investment securities, sales of loans available-for-sale, and earnings and funds provided from operations. Maintaining a relatively stable funding base, which is achieved by diversifying funding sources, competitively pricing deposit products, and extending the contractual maturity of liabilities, reduces the Company’s exposure to rollover risk on deposits and limits reliance on volatile short-term borrowed funds. Short-term funding needs arise from declines in deposits or other funding sources and from funding requirements for loan commitments. The Company’s strategy is to fund assets to the maximum extent possible with core deposits that provide a sizable source of relatively stable and low-cost funds.
 
The Company recognizes that, at times, when loan demand exceeds deposit growth or the Company has other liquidity demands, it may be desirable to utilize alternative sources of deposit funding to augment retail deposits and borrowings. One-way deposits acquired through the CDARS program provide an alternative funding source when needed. Such deposits are generally considered a form of brokered deposits. At September 30, 2017,2018, the Company had one-way CDARS outstanding totaling $17,906,763$6,643,027 compared to no one way CDARS$12,258,265 at December 31, 20162017 and $10,000,000$17,906,763 at September 30, 2016.2017. In addition, two-way (that is, reciprocal) CDARS deposits, as well as reciprocal ICS money market and demand deposits, allow the Company to provide Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)FDIC deposit insurance to its customers in excess of account coverage limits by exchanging deposits with other CDARS members.participating FDIC-insured financial institutions. Until recently these reciprocal deposits were considered a form of brokered deposits, which are treated less favorably than other deposits for certain purposes; however, a provision of the 2018 Regulatory Relief Act provides that reciprocal deposits held by a well-capitalized and well managed bank are no longer classified as brokered deposits. At September 30, 2017,2018, the Company reported $2,809,923$5,559,260 in two-wayreciprocal CDARS deposits, representing exchanged deposits with other CDARS participating banks, compared to $3,141,773$2,817,715 at December 31, 20162017 and $3,213,916$2,809,923 at September 30, 2016.2017. The balance in insured cash sweep (ICS)ICS reciprocal money market deposits was $16,762,409 at September 30, 2018, compared to $17,137,985 at December 31, 2017 and $14,920,480 at September 30, 2017, compared to $11,909,300 at December 31, 2016 and $11,559,412 at September 30, 2016, and the balance in ICS reciprocal demand deposits as of those dates was $14,982,191, $9,951,078 and $8,116,095, $5,706,882respectively.
During the third quarter of 2018 the Company issued two blocks of DTC Brokered CDs totaling $30,000,000, with maturities in January 2019 and $7,205,672, respectively.August 2020. Wholesale deposit funding through DTC is another important source of liquidity that has proven both efficient, flexible and cost-effective when compared with other borrowing methods.
 
At September 30, 2017,2018, December 31, 20162017 and September 30, 2016,2017, borrowing capacity of $112,919,448, $68,163,543$108,646,608, $109,726,508 and $67,359,726,$111,755,897, respectively, was available through the FHLBB, secured by the Company's qualifying loan portfolio (generally, residential mortgage and commercial loans), reduced by outstanding advances and by collateral pledges securing FHLBB letters of credit collateralizing public unit deposits. During the second quarter of 2017, the Company began pledging residential mortgage loans in a detail listing instead of a summary listing, and also began pledging qualifying multifamily and other commercial real estate loans, accounting for the increase in the portfolio of qualifying loans in 2017 compared to both periods in 2016. The Company also has an unsecured Federal Funds credit line with the FHLBB with an available balance of $500,000 and no outstanding advances during any of the respective comparison periods. Interest is chargeable at a rate determined daily, approximately 25 basis pointsbps higher than the rate paid on federal funds sold.

 
The following table reflects the Company’s outstanding FHLBB advances against the respective lines as of the dates indicated:
 
 
 
September 30,
 
 
December 31,
 
 
September 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
2016
 
Long-Term Advances(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FHLBB term advance, 0.00%, due February 26, 2021
 $350,000 
 $350,000 
 $350,000 
FHLBB term advance, 0.00%, due November 22, 2021
  1,000,000 
  1,000,000 
  0 
FHLBB term advance, 0.00%, due June 09, 2022
  2,000,000 
  0 
  0 
FHLBB term advance, 0.00%, due September 22, 2023
  200,000 
  200,000 
  200,000 
 
  3,550,000 
  1,550,000 
  550,000 
 
    
    
    
Short-Term Advances
    
    
    
 
    
    
    
FHLBB term advance 0.77% fixed rate, due February 8, 2017
  0 
  10,000,000 
  0 
FHLBB term advance 0.77% fixed rate, due February 24, 2017
  0 
  10,000,000 
  0 
FHLBB term advance 0.92% fixed rate, due June 14, 2017
  0 
  10,000,000 
  0 
 
  0 
  30,000,000 
  0 
Overnight Borrowings
    
    
    
Federal funds purchased (FHLBB), 0.51%
  0 
  0 
  5,245,000 
 
    
    
    
 
 $3,550,000 
 $31,550,000 
 $5,795,000 
 
 
September 30,
 
 
December 31,
 
 
September 30,
 
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
2017
 
Long-Term Advances(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FHLBB term advance, 0.00%, due February 26, 2021
 $350,000 
 $350,000 
 $350,000 
FHLBB term advance, 0.00%, due November 22, 2021
  1,000,000 
  1,000,000 
  1,000,000 
FHLBB term advance, 0.00%, due June 09, 2022
  0 
  2,000,000 
  2,000,000 
FHLBB term advance, 0.00%, due September 22, 2023
  200,000 
  200,000 
  200,000 
 
  1,550,000 
  3,550,000 
  3,550,000 
 
    
    
    
 
 $1,550,000 
 $3,550,000 
 $3,550,000 
 
(1)
TheAs of September 30, 2018, the Company hashad borrowed a total of $3,550,000 under the FHLBB’s Jobs for New England (JNE)JNE program, a program dedicated to supporting job growth and economic development throughout New England. The FHLBB is providing a subsidy, funded by the FHLBB’s earnings, to write down interest rates to zero percent on advances that finance qualifying loans to small businesses. JNE advances must support small business in New England that create and/or retain jobs, or otherwise contribute to overall economic development activities.
50
2018, the Company repaid a $2 million advance because the “qualifying loan” did not close as intended.
 
The Company has a Borrower-in-Custody (BIC)BIC arrangement with the FRBB secured by eligible commercial loans, commercial real estate loans and home equity loans, resulting in an available credit line of $66,804,404, $77,862,708,$52,451,587, $45,305,894, and $71,326,693,$43,495,159, respectively, at September 30, 2017,2018, December 31, 20162017 and September 30, 2016.2017. Credit advances under this FRBB lending program are overnight advances with interest chargeable at the primary credit rate (generally referred to as the discount rate), currently 175 basis points.275 bps. The Company had no outstanding advances against this credit line during any of the periods presented.
 
The Company has unsecured lines of credit with three correspondent banks with aggregate available borrowing capacity totaling $12,500,000 as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and unsecured lines of credit with two correspondent banks with aggregate available borrowing capacity of $7,500,000 as of September 30, 2016.the balance sheet dates presented in this quarterly report. There were no outstanding advances against any of these lines during any of the respective comparison periods.
 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase provide another funding source for the Company. At September 30, 2017,2018, December 31, 20162017 and September 30, 2016,2017, the Company had outstanding repurchase agreement balances of $27,458,927, $30,423,195$30,678,830, $28,647,848 and $25,834,249,$27,458,927, respectively. These repurchase agreements mature and are repriced daily.
 
The following table illustrates the changes in shareholders' equity from December 31, 20162017 to September 30, 2017:2018, including a partial redemption of the Company’s Series A non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, effective March 31, 2018:
 
Balance at December 31, 20162017 (book value $10.27$10.84 per common share)
 $54,451,51757,935,854 
    Net income
  4,706,6796,254,929 
    Issuance of stock through the Dividend Reinvestment PlanDRIP
  712,899777,222 
    Redemption of preferred stock
(500,000)
    Dividends declared on common stock
  (2,586,9732,820,056)
    Dividends declared on preferred stock
  (75,00076,875)
    Unrealized gainloss on available-for-sale securities AFS during the period, net of tax
  11,618(679,159)
Balance at September 30, 20172018 (book value $10.73$11.42 per common share)
 $57,220,74060,891,915 
 
The primary objective of the Company’s capital planning process is to balance appropriately the retention of capital to support operations and future growth, with the goal of providing shareholders an attractive return on their investment. To that end, management monitors capital retention and dividend policies on an ongoing basis.
 
As described in more detail in the Company’s 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K in Note 20 to the audited consolidated financial statements contained thereinin the Company’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K and under the caption “LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES” in the MD&A section of suchthat report, the Company (on a consolidated basis) and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies pursuant to which they must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.
 

Beginning in 2016, an additional capital conservation buffer has beenwas added to the minimum requirements for capital adequacy purposes, subject to a three year phase-in period. The capital conservation buffer will be fully phased-in on January 1, 2019 at 2.5 percent.2.5% of risk-weighted assets. A banking organization with a conservation buffer of less than 2.5 percent2.5% (or the required phase-in amount in years prior to 2019) is subject to limitations on capital distributions, including dividend payments and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. The Company’s and the Bank’s capital conservation buffer was 5.65%5.93% and 5.51%5.81%, respectively, at September 30, 2017.2018. As of September 30, 2017,2018, both the Company and the Bank exceeded the required capital conservation buffer of 1.25% and on a pro forma basis would be compliant with the fully phased-in capital conservation buffer requirement.
 
Under the 2018 Regulatory Relief Act, these capital requirements will be simplified for qualifying community banks and bank holding companies (that is, institutions with less than $10 billion in assets). The Act requires the federal banking regulators to develop a new CBLR set at between 8% and 10% of unweighted assets. The CBLR will be determined by dividing tangible equity capital by average total consolidated assets. If a community bank exceeds the CBLR threshold, it will be considered to have met the risk-based capital and leverage capital requirements that would otherwise apply, as well as any applicable “prompt correction action” capital requirements to be considered well capitalized.
As of September 30, 2017,2018, the Bank was considered well capitalized under the regulatory capital framework for Prompt Corrective Action and the Company exceeded currently applicable consolidated regulatory guidelines for capital adequacy.
51
 
The following table shows the Company’s actual capital ratios and those of its subsidiary, as well as currently applicable regulatory capital requirements, as of the dates indicated.
 
 
 
 
 
Minimum
 
 
 
 
 
Minimum
 
 
 
 
 
Minimum
 
 
To Be Well
 
 
 
 
 
Minimum
 
 
To Be Well
 
 
 
 
 
For Capital
 
 
Capitalized Under
 
 
 
 
 
For Capital
 
 
Capitalized Under
 
 
 
 
 
Adequacy
 
 
Prompt Corrective
 
 
 
 
 
Adequacy
 
 
Prompt Corrective
 
 
Actual
 
 
Purposes:
 
 
Action Provisions(1):
 
 
Actual
 
 
Purposes:
 
 
Action Provisions(1):
 
 
Amount
 
 
Ratio 
 
 
Amount
 
 
Ratio
 
 
Amount
 
 
Ratio
 
 
Amount
 
 
Ratio 
 
 
Amount
 
 
Ratio
 
 
Amount
 
 
Ratio
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common equity tier 1 capital
 
 
 
 
 
 
(to risk-weighted assets)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company
 $58,585 
  12.48%
 $21,121 
  4.50%
  N/A 
 $63,158 
  12.78%
 $22,235 
  4.50%
  N/A 
Bank
 $57,837 
  12.34%
 $21,093 
  4.50%
 $30,468 
  6.50%
 $62,472 
  12.66%
 $22,210 
  4.50%
 $32,081 
  6.50%
    
    
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
    
    
Company
 $58,585 
  12.48%
 $28,161 
  6.00%
  N/A 
 $63,158 
  12.78%
 $29,646 
  6.00%
  N/A 
Bank
 $57,837 
  12.34%
 $28,124 
  6.00%
 $37,499 
  8.00%
 $62,472 
  12.66%
 $29,614 
  6.00%
 $39,485 
  8.00%
    
    
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
    
    
Company
 $64,065 
  13.65%
 $37,548 
  8.00%
  N/A 
 $68,843 
  13.93%
 $39,528 
  8.00%
  N/A 
Bank
 $63,317 
  13.51%
 $37,499 
  8.00%
 $46,874 
  10.00%
 $68,157 
  13.81%
 $39,485 
  8.00%
 $49,356 
  10.00%
    
    
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
    
    
Company
 $58,585 
  9.18%
 $25,524 
  4.00%
  N/A 
 $63,158 
  9.45%
 $26,734 
  4.00%
  N/A 
Bank
 $57,837 
  9.07%
 $25,502 
  4.00%
 $31,877 
  5.00%
 $62,472 
  9.35%
 $26,714 
  4.00%
 $33,392 
  5.00%
    
    
December 31, 2016:
    
December 31, 2017:
    
    
    
Common equity tier 1 capital
    
    
(to risk-weighted assets)
    
    
Company
 $55,690 
  12.34%
 $20,304 
  4.50%
  N/A 
 $59,523 
  12.75%
 $21,003 
  4.50%
  N/A 
Bank
 $55,120 
  12.23%
 $20,274 
  4.50%
 $29,285 
  6.50%
 $58,920 
  12.64%
 $20,972 
  4.50%
 $30,293 
  6.50%
    
    
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
    
    
Company
 $55,690 
  12.34%
 $27,072 
  6.00%
  N/A 
 $59,523 
  12.75%
 $28,004 
  6.00%
  N/A 
Bank
 $55,120 
  12.23%
 $27,032 
  6.00%
 $36,043 
  8.00%
 $58,920 
  12.64%
 $27,963 
  6.00%
 $37,284 
  8.00%
    
    
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
    
    
Company
 $61,012 
  13.52%
 $36,096 
  8.00%
  N/A 
 $65,005 
  13.93%
 $37,338 
  8.00%
  N/A 
Bank
 $60,443 
  13.42%
 $36,043 
  8.00%
 $45,054 
  10.00%
 $64,401 
  13.82%
 $37,284 
  8.00%
 $46,605 
  10.00%
    
    
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
    
    
Company
 $55,690 
  9.17%
 $24,305 
  4.00%
  N/A 
 $59,523 
  9.05%
 $26,304 
  4.00%
  N/A 
Bank
 $55,120 
  9.08%
 $24,281 
  4.00%
 $30,351 
  5.00%
 $58,920 
  8.97%
 $26,279 
  4.00%
 $32,849 
  5.00%
 
(1) Applicable to banks, but not bank holding companies.
52
 
The Company's ability to pay dividends to its shareholders is largely dependent on the Bank's ability to pay dividends to the Company. In general, a national bank may not pay dividends that exceed net income for the current and preceding two years regardless of statutory restrictions, as a matter of regulatory policy, banks and bank holding companies should pay dividends only out of current earnings and only if, after paying such dividends, they remain adequately capitalized.

 
ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
 
The Company's management of the credit, liquidity and market risk inherent in its business operations is discussed in Part 1, Item 2 of this report under the captions "CHANGES IN FINANCIAL CONDITION", “COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND OFF-BALANCE-SHEET ARRANGEMENTS” and “LIQUIDITY & CAPITAL RESOURCES”, which are incorporated herein by reference. Management does not believe that there have been any material changes in the nature or categories of the Company's risk exposures from those disclosed in the Company’s 20162017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 
ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures
 
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”).Act. As of September 30, 2017,2018, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, management concluded that its disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 20172018 were effective in ensuring that material information required to be disclosed in the reports it files with the Commission under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized, and reported on a timely basis.
 
For this purpose, the term “disclosure controls and procedures” means controls and other procedures of the Company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by it in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act (15 U.S.C. 78a et seq.) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
 
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 20172018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings
 
In the normal course of business, the Company and its subsidiary areis involved in litigation that is considered incidental to their business. Management does not expect that any such litigation will be material to the Company's consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
 
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors
 
The Risk Factors identified in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016,2017, continue to represent the most significant risks to the Company's future results of operations and financial condition.
53

 
ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
 
The following table provides information as to the purchases of the Company’s common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2017,2018, by the Company or by any affiliated purchaser (as defined in SEC Rule 10b-18). During the monthly periods presented, the Company did not have any publicly announced repurchase plans or programs.
 
 
Total Number
 
 
Average
 
 
Total Number
 
 
Average
 
 
of Shares
 
 
Price Paid
 
 
of Shares
 
 
Price Paid
 
For the period:
 
Purchased(1)(2)
 
 
Per Share
 
 
Purchased(1)(2)
 
 
Per Share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
July 1 - July 31
  1,494 
 $18.95 
  0 
 $0.00 
August 1 - August 31
  0 
  0.00 
  0 
  0.00 
September 1 - September 30
  3,021 
  18.20 
  1,830 
  18.75 
Total
  4,515 
 $18.45 
  1,830 
 $18.75 
 
(1)  All 4,5151,830 shares were purchased for the account of participants invested in the Company Stock Fund under the Company’s Retirement Savings Plan by or on behalf of the Plan Trustee, the Human Resources Committee of Community Nationalthe Bank. Such share purchases were facilitated through CFSG, which provides certain investment advisory services to the Plan. Both the Plan Trustee and CFSG may be considered affiliates of the Company under Rule 10b-18.
 
(2)  Shares purchased during the period do not include fractional shares repurchased from time to time in connection with the participant's election to discontinue participation in the Company's Dividend Reinvestment Plan.DRIP.
 
 
ITEM 6. Exhibits
 
The following exhibits are filed with this report:
 
Exhibit 31.1 - Certification from the Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) of the Company pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 31.2 - Certification from the Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer) of the Company pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 32.1 - Certification from the Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) of the Company pursuant to 18 U.S.C., Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
Exhibit 32.2 - Certification from the Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer) of the Company pursuant to 18 U.S.C., Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
 
Exhibit 101--The following materials from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 20172018 formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) the unaudited consolidated balance sheets, (ii) the unaudited consolidated statements of income for the threethree-month and nine monthnine-month interim periods ended September 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, (iii) the unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income, (iv) the unaudited consolidated statements of cash flows and (v) related notes.
 
* This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act, of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.Act.
 
54

 
SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act, of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
COMMUNITY BANCORP.
 
 
DATED: November 09, 201708, 2018/s/Kathryn M. Austin 
 Kathryn M. Austin, President 
 & Chief Executive Officer 
 (Principal Executive Officer) 
   
   
DATED: November 09, 201708, 2018/s/Louise M. Bonvechio 
 Louise M. Bonvechio, Corporate 
 Secretary & Treasurer 
 (Principal Financial Officer) 
 
55

 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
 
Washington, DC 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
[ x ]  QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 20172018
 
COMMUNITY BANCORP.
 
EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT INDEXXHIBITS
 
Exhibit 31.1Certification from the Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) of the Company pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 31.2Certification from the Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer) of the Company pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 32.1Certification from the Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) of the Company pursuant to 18 U.S.C., Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
Exhibit 32.2Certification from the Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer) of the Company pursuant to 18 U.S.C., Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
Exhibit 101The following materials from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017 formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) the unaudited consolidated balance sheets, (ii) the unaudited consolidated statements of income for the three and nine month interim periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, (iii) the unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income, (iv) the unaudited consolidated statements of cash flows and (v) related notes.
* This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
56
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
YES (  )     NO(X)
At November 02, 2017, there were 5,099,479 shares outstanding of the Corporation's common stock.
FORM 10-Q
Index
Page  
Item 1Financial Statements
Item 2Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations31 
Item 3Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk53 
Item 4Controls and Procedures53 
PART IIOTHER INFORMATION
Item 1Legal Proceedings53 
Item 1ARisk Factors53 
Item 2Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds54 
Item 6Exhibits54 
Signatures55 
Exhibit Index56 
2
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)
The following are the unaudited consolidated financial statements for Community Bancorp. and Subsidiary, "the Company".
Community Bancorp. and Subsidiary
 
September 30,
 
 
December 31,
 
 
September 30,
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
2016
 
 
 
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
(Unaudited)
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Cash and due from banks
 $13,655,114 
 $10,943,344 
 $11,705,902 
  Federal funds sold and overnight deposits
  16,064,422 
  18,670,942 
  673,911 
     Total cash and cash equivalents
  29,719,536 
  29,614,286 
  12,379,813 
  Securities held-to-maturity (HTM) (fair value $54,571,000 at
    
    
    
  09/30/17, $51,035,000 at 12/31/16 and $57,592,000 at 09/30/16)
  53,882,287 
  49,886,631 
  56,837,100 
  Securities available-for-sale (AFS)
  36,719,673 
  33,715,051 
  29,412,216 
  Restricted equity securities, at cost
  1,700,050 
  2,755,850 
  1,855,850 
  Loans held-for-sale
  687,100 
  0 
  708,975 
  Loans
  506,048,119 
  487,249,226 
  470,186,895 
    Allowance for loan losses (ALL)
  (5,436,313)
  (5,278,445)
  (5,179,965)
    Deferred net loan costs
  318,452 
  310,130 
  312,565 
        Net loans
  500,930,258 
  482,280,911 
  465,319,495 
  Bank premises and equipment, net
  10,542,790 
  10,830,556 
  10,833,164 
  Accrued interest receivable
  1,893,478 
  1,818,510 
  1,649,964 
  Bank owned life insurance (BOLI)
  4,697,837 
  4,625,406 
  4,599,301 
  Core deposit intangible
  68,166 
  272,691 
  340,861 
  Goodwill
  11,574,269 
  11,574,269 
  11,574,269 
  Other real estate owned (OREO)
  324,235 
  394,000 
  409,000 
  Other assets
  8,799,392 
  9,885,504 
  9,870,422 
        Total assets
 $661,539,071 
 $637,653,665 
 $605,790,430 
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
    
    
    
 Liabilities
    
    
    
  Deposits:
    
    
    
    Demand, non-interest bearing
 $115,930,899 
 $104,472,268 
 $101,259,470 
    Interest-bearing transaction accounts
  127,426,517 
  118,053,360 
  119,981,648 
    Money market funds
  85,947,545 
  79,042,619 
  76,976,376 
    Savings
  99,439,616 
  86,776,856 
  91,274,380 
    Time deposits, $250,000 and over
  18,097,628 
  19,274,880 
  10,848,979 
    Other time deposits
  109,910,115 
  97,115,049 
  103,466,053 
        Total deposits
  556,752,320 
  504,735,032 
  503,806,906 
  Borrowed funds
  3,550,000 
  31,550,000 
  5,795,000 
  Repurchase agreements
  27,458,927 
  30,423,195 
  25,834,249 
  Capital lease obligations
  409,147 
  483,161 
  493,810 
  Junior subordinated debentures
  12,887,000 
  12,887,000 
  12,887,000 
  Accrued interest and other liabilities
  3,260,937 
  3,123,760 
  3,129,831 
        Total liabilities
  604,318,331 
  583,202,148 
  551,946,796 
 Shareholders' Equity
    
    
    
  Preferred stock, 1,000,000 shares authorized, 25 shares issued
    
    
    
    and outstanding ($100,000 liquidation value)
  2,500,000 
  2,500,000 
  2,500,000 
  Common stock - $2.50 par value; 15,000,000 shares authorized,
    
    
    
   5,310,776 shares issued at 09/30/17, 5,269,053 shares issued
    
    
    
    at 12/31/16 and 5,253,090 shares issued at 09/30/16
  13,276,940 
  13,172,633 
  13,132,725 
  Additional paid-in capital
  31,434,250 
  30,825,658 
  30,639,268 
  Retained earnings
  12,711,488 
  10,666,782 
  9,991,842 
  Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income
  (79,161)
  (90,779)
  202,576 
  Less: treasury stock, at cost; 210,101 shares at 09/30/17,
    
    
    
  12/31/16, and 09/30/16
  (2,622,777)
  (2,622,777)
  (2,622,777)
        Total shareholders' equity
  57,220,740 
  54,451,517 
  53,843,634 
        Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
 $661,539,071 
 $637,653,665 
 $605,790,430 
 
    
    
    
Book value per common share outstanding
 $10.73 
 $10.27 
 $10.18 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
3
Community Bancorp. and Subsidiary
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Consolidated Statements of Income
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Interest and fees on loans
 $6,244,899 
 $5,732,855 
   Interest on debt securities
    
    
     Taxable
  171,880 
  128,767 
     Tax-exempt
  332,102 
  339,999 
   Dividends
  41,320 
  49,429 
   Interest on federal funds sold and overnight deposits
  29,964 
  3,048 
        Total interest income
  6,820,165 
  6,254,098 
 
    
    
Interest expense
    
    
   Interest on deposits
  628,534 
  504,170 
   Interest on borrowed funds
  12,213 
  53,404 
   Interest on repurchase agreements
  20,564 
  18,820 
   Interest on junior subordinated debentures
  134,881 
  115,349 
        Total interest expense
  796,192 
  691,743 
 
    
    
     Net interest income
  6,023,973 
  5,562,355 
 Provision for loan losses
  150,000 
  150,000 
     Net interest income after provision for loan losses
  5,873,973 
  5,412,355 
 
    
    
Non-interest income
    
    
   Service fees
  773,419 
  719,341 
   Income from sold loans
  185,844 
  230,623 
   Other income from loans
  222,026 
  209,882 
   Net realized gain on sale of securities available-for-sale
  1,246 
  0 
   Other income
  266,712 
  323,674 
        Total non-interest income
  1,449,247 
  1,483,520 
 
    
    
Non-interest expense
    
    
   Salaries and wages
  1,653,751 
  1,725,000 
   Employee benefits
  682,944 
  679,762 
   Occupancy expenses, net
  614,817 
  605,378 
   Other expenses
  1,890,604 
  1,780,363 
        Total non-interest expense
  4,842,116 
  4,790,503 
 
    
    
    Income before income taxes
  2,481,104 
  2,105,372 
 Income tax expense
  688,155 
  589,472 
        Net income
 $1,792,949 
 $1,515,900 
 
    
    
 Earnings per common share
 $0.35 
 $0.30 
 Weighted average number of common shares
    
    
  used in computing earnings per share
  5,091,283 
  5,032,156 
 Dividends declared per common share
 $0.17 
 $0.16 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
4
Community Bancorp. and Subsidiary
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
Consolidated Statements of Income
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Interest and fees on loans
 $17,737,531 
 $16,582,276 
   Interest on debt securities
    
    
     Taxable
  488,250 
  384,413 
     Tax-exempt
  992,831 
  942,246 
   Dividends
  117,979 
  108,141 
   Interest on federal funds sold and overnight deposits
  84,802 
  18,654 
        Total interest income
  19,421,393 
  18,035,730 
 
    
    
Interest expense
    
    
   Interest on deposits
  1,734,432 
  1,529,465 
   Interest on borrowed funds
  92,492 
  106,807 
   Interest on repurchase agreements
  64,326 
  56,125 
   Interest on junior subordinated debentures
  388,855 
  339,603 
        Total interest expense
  2,280,105 
  2,032,000 
 
    
    
     Net interest income
  17,141,288 
  16,003,730 
 Provision for loan losses
  450,000 
  400,000 
     Net interest income after provision for loan losses
  16,691,288 
  15,603,730 
 
    
    
Non-interest income
    
    
   Service fees
  2,293,773 
  1,992,560 
   Income from sold loans
  560,210 
  683,114 
   Other income from loans
  616,931 
  616,473 
   Net realized gain on sale of securities available-for-sale
  4,647 
  0 
   Other income
  725,635 
  747,923 
        Total non-interest income
  4,201,196 
  4,040,070 
 
    
    
Non-interest expense
    
    
   Salaries and wages
  5,068,626 
  5,175,000 
   Employee benefits
  2,016,923 
  2,049,926 
   Occupancy expenses, net
  1,963,543 
  1,857,482 
   Other expenses
  5,416,710 
  5,065,565 
        Total non-interest expense
  14,465,802 
  14,147,973 
 
    
    
    Income before income taxes
  6,426,682 
  5,495,827 
 Income tax expense
  1,720,003 
  1,515,234 
        Net income
 $4,706,679 
 $3,980,593 
 
    
    
 Earnings per common share
 $0.91 
 $0.78 
 Weighted average number of common shares
    
    
  used in computing earnings per share
  5,077,473 
  5,016,191 
 Dividends declared per common share
 $0.51 
 $0.48 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
5
Community Bancorp. and Subsidiary
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 $1,792,949 
 $1,515,900 
 
    
    
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
    
    
  Unrealized holding loss on available-for-sale securities
    
    
    arising during the period
  (55,963)
  (46,840)
  Reclassification adjustment for gain realized in income
  (1,246)
  0 
     Unrealized loss during the period
  (57,209)
  (46,840)
  Tax effect
  19,451 
  15,926 
  Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
  (37,758)
  (30,914)
          Total comprehensive income
 $1,755,191 
 $1,484,986 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 $4,706,679 
 $3,980,593 
 
    
    
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
    
    
  Unrealized holding gain on available-for-sale securities
    
    
    arising during the period
  22,250 
  375,713 
  Reclassification adjustment for gain realized in income
  (4,647)
  0 
     Unrealized gain during the period
  17,603 
  375,713 
  Tax effect
  (5,985)
  (127,742)
  Other comprehensive income, net of tax
  11,618 
  247,971 
          Total comprehensive income
 $4,718,297 
 $4,228,564 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
6
Community Bancorp. and Subsidiary
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Unaudited)
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Net income
 $4,706,679 
 $3,980,593 
  Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by
    
    
   operating activities:
    
    
    Depreciation and amortization, bank premises and equipment
  772,344 
  779,240 
    Provision for loan losses
  450,000 
  400,000 
    Deferred income tax
  8,937 
  (132,862)
    Gain on sale of securities available-for-sale
  (4,647)
  0 
    Gain on sale of loans
  (250,826)
  (351,824)
    Loss on sale of bank premises and equipment
  1,580 
  0 
    (Gain) loss on sale of OREO
  (143)
  4,965 
    Income from Trust LLC
  (314,572)
  (326,675)
    Amortization of bond premium, net
  86,467 
  90,099 
    Write down of OREO
  0 
  26,000 
    Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale
  11,163,180 
  18,648,432 
    Originations of loans held for sale
  (11,599,454)
  (17,806,183)
    Increase in taxes payable
  298,146 
  358,630 
    Increase in interest receivable
  (74,968)
  (16,751)
    Decrease in mortgage servicing rights
  97,661 
  77,768 
    Decrease (increase) in other assets
  1,013,781 
  (17,149)
    Increase in cash surrender value of BOLI
  (72,431)
  (78,815)
    Amortization of core deposit intangible
  204,525 
  204,525 
    Amortization of limited partnerships
  462,924 
  439,470 
    (Increase) decrease in unamortized loan costs
  (8,322)
  3,926 
    Increase (decrease) in interest payable
  36,179 
  (8,421)
    Increase in accrued expenses
  457,667 
  93,410 
    (Decrease) increase in other liabilities
  (860,426)
  17,835 
       Net cash provided by operating activities
  6,574,281 
  6,386,213 
 
    
    
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
    
    
  Investments - held-to-maturity
    
    
    Maturities and pay downs
  30,488,706 
  28,312,853 
    Purchases
  (34,484,362)
  (41,795,534)
  Investments - available-for-sale
    
    
    Maturities, calls, pay downs and sales
  9,737,133 
  4,550,645 
    Purchases
  (12,805,972)
  (7,206,847)
  Proceeds from redemption of restricted equity securities
  1,055,800 
  1,866,400 
  Purchases of restricted equity securities
  0 
  (1,280,600)
  Increase (decrease) in limited partnership contributions payable
  459,250 
  (687,500)
  Investments in limited partnerships
  (486,750)
  0 
  Increase in loans, net
  (19,492,075)
  (12,747,728)
  Capital expenditures for bank premises and equipment
  (486,158)
  (152,199)
  Proceeds from sales of OREO
  399,123 
  217,143 
  Recoveries of loans charged off
  71,835 
  53,242 
       Net cash used in investing activities
  (25,543,470)
  (28,870,125)
7
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Net increase (decrease) in demand and interest-bearing transaction accounts
  20,831,788 
  (3,019,738)
  Net increase in money market and savings accounts
  19,567,686 
  4,588,578 
  Net increase in time deposits
  11,617,814 
  6,752,504 
  Net (decrease) increase in repurchase agreements
  (2,964,268)
  3,761,011 
  Net decrease in short-term borrowings
  (30,000,000)
  (4,755,000)
  Proceeds from long-term borrowings
  2,000,000 
  550,000 
  Decrease in capital lease obligations
  (74,014)
  (64,555)
  Dividends paid on preferred stock
  (75,000)
  (65,625)
  Dividends paid on common stock
  (1,829,567)
  (1,735,340)
       Net cash provided by financing activities
  19,074,439 
  6,011,835 
 
    
    
       Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
  105,250 
  (16,472,077)
  Cash and cash equivalents:
    
    
          Beginning
  29,614,286 
  28,851,890 
          Ending
 $29,719,536 
 $12,379,813 
 
    
    
Supplemental Schedule of Cash Paid During the Period:
    
    
  Interest
 $2,243,926 
 $2,040,421 
 
    
    
  Income taxes, net of refunds
 $950,000 
 $850,000 
 
    
    
Supplemental Schedule of Noncash Investing and Financing Activities:
    
    
  Change in unrealized gain on securities available-for-sale
 $17,603 
 $375,713 
 
    
    
  Loans transferred to OREO
 $329,215 
 $395,108 
 
    
    
Common Shares Dividends Paid:
    
    
  Dividends declared
 $2,586,973 
 $2,405,222 
  (Increase) decrease in dividends payable attributable to dividends declared
  (44,507)
  1,380 
  Dividends reinvested
  (712,899)
  (671,262)
 
 $1,829,567 
 $1,735,340 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
8
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1. Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
The interim consolidated financial statements of Community Bancorp. and Subsidiary are unaudited. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of the Company and its subsidiary, Community National Bank (the Bank), contained herein have been made. The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2016 contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K. The results of operations for the interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the full annual period ending December 31, 2017, or for any other interim period.
Certain amounts in the 2016 unaudited consolidated income statements have been reclassified to conform to the 2017 presentation. Reclassifications had no effect on prior period net income or shareholders’ equity.
Note 2. Recent Accounting Developments
In January 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-01, Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. This guidance changes how entities account for equity investments that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted for under the equity method of accounting. This guidance also changes certain disclosure requirements and other aspects of current accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (US GAAP). Public businesses must use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of the ASU on its consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The ASU was issued to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application of the amendments in the ASU is permitted for all entities. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of the ASU on its consolidated financial statements.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13,Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. Under the new guidance, which will replace the existing incurred loss model for recognizing credit losses, banks and other lending institutions will be required to recognize the full amount of expectedcredit losses. The new guidance, which is referred to as the Current Expected Credit Loss (CECL) model, requires that expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date that are accounted for at amortized cost be measured and recognized based on historical experience and current and reasonably supportable forecasted conditions to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses.A modified version of these requirements also applies to debt securities classified as available for sale, which will require that credit losses on those securities be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than a write-down. The ASUis effective forfiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods withinthosefiscalyears.Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within such years. The Company is evaluating the impactof the adoption of the ASU on its consolidated financial statements. The ASU may have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements upon adoption as it will require a change in the Company's methodology for calculating its ALL and allowance on unused commitments. The Company will transition from an incurred loss model to an expected loss model, which will likely result in an increase in the ALL upon adoption and may negatively impact the Company and the Bank's regulatory capital ratios. Additionally, ASU No. 2016-13 may reduce the carrying value of the Company's HTM investment securities as it will require an allowance for the expected losses over the life of these securities to be recorded upon adoption. The Company has formed a committee to assess the implications of this new pronouncement and transitioned to a software solution for preparing the ALL calculation and related reports that provides the Company with stronger data integrity, ease and efficiency in ALL preparation. The new software solution also provides numerous training opportunities for the appropriate personnel within the Company. The Company has gathered and will analyze the historical data to serve as a basis for estimating the ALL under CECL.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The ASU was issued to reduce the cost and complexity of the goodwill impairment test. To simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill, step two of the goodwill impairment test was eliminated. Instead, a Company will recognize an impairment of goodwill should the carrying value of a reporting unit exceed its fair value (i.e. step one). The ASU will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2020 and will be applied prospectively.
9
The Company has goodwill from its acquisition of LyndonBank in 2007 and performs an impairment test annually or more frequently if circumstances warrant (see Note 6). The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of the ASU on its consolidated financial statements, but does not anticipate any material impact at this time.
The FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09,Revenue from Contracts with Customers, in 2014 to replace the current plethora of industry-specific rules with a broad, principles-based framework for recognizing and measuring revenue. Due to the complexity of the new pronouncement and the anticipated effort required by entities in many industries to implement ASU No. 2014-09, FASB delayed the effective date. ASU 2014-09 is effective for the Company for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017.
FASB formed a Transition Resource Group to assist it in identifying implementation issues that may require further clarification or amendment to ASU No. 2014-09. As a result of that group’s deliberations, FASB has issued several amendments, which will be effective concurrently with ASU No. 2014-09, including ASU No. 2016-08,Principal versus Agent Considerations, which clarifies whether an entity should record the gross amount of revenue or only its ultimate share when a third party is also involved in providing goods or services to a customer. Since the guidance does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including loans and securities that are accounted for under other US GAAP, the Company does not expect the new guidance to have a material impact on revenue most closely associated with financial instruments, including interest income and expense. The Company is currently performing an overall assessment of revenue streams and reviewing contracts potentially affected by the ASU including deposit related fees, interchange fees, and merchant income, to determine the potential impact the new guidance is expected to have on its consolidated financial statements. In addition, the Company continues to follow certain implementation issues relevant to the banking industry which are still pending resolution.
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815). The amendments in this ASU improve the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements. In addition, this ASU makes certain targeted improvements to simplify the application of the hedge accounting guidance in current US GAAP. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted in any interim period after issuance of the ASU. The Company does not currently engage in hedging transactions; therefore, the ASU does not have an impact on the Company’s current consolidated financial statements.
Note 3.  Earnings per Common Share
Earnings per common share amounts are computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock issued during the period (retroactively adjusted for stock splits and stock dividends, if any), including Dividend Reinvestment Plan shares issuable upon reinvestment of dividends declared, and reduced for shares held in treasury.
The following tables illustrate the calculation of earnings per common share for the periods presented, as adjusted for the cash dividends declared on the preferred stock:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income, as reported
 $1,792,949 
 $1,515,900 
Less: dividends to preferred shareholders
  26,562 
  21,875 
Net income available to common shareholders
 $1,766,387 
 $1,494,025 
Weighted average number of common shares
    
    
   used in calculating earnings per share
  5,091,283 
  5,032,156 
Earnings per common share
 $0.35 
 $0.30 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income, as reported
 $4,706,679 
 $3,980,593 
Less: dividends to preferred shareholders
  75,000 
  65,625 
Net income available to common shareholders
 $4,631,679 
 $3,914,968 
Weighted average number of common shares
    
    
   used in calculating earnings per share
  5,077,473 
  5,016,191 
Earnings per common share
 $0.91 
 $0.78 
10
Note 4.  Investment Securities
Securities AFS and HTM as of the balance sheet dates consisted of the following:
 
 
 
 
 
Gross
 
 
Gross
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized
 
 
Unrealized
 
 
Unrealized
 
 
Fair
 
Securities AFS
 
Cost
 
 
Gains
 
 
Losses
 
 
Value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Government sponsored enterprise (GSE) debt securities
 $15,316,323 
 $9,140 
 $68,619 
 $15,256,844 
Agency mortgage-backed securities (Agency MBS)
  16,568,291 
  29,716 
  89,963 
  16,508,044 
Other investments
  4,955,000 
  11,831 
  12,046 
  4,954,785 
 
 $36,839,614 
 $50,687 
 $170,628 
 $36,719,673 
 
    
    
    
    
December 31, 2016
    
    
    
    
U.S. GSE debt securities
 $17,365,805 
 $24,854 
 $73,331 
 $17,317,328 
Agency MBS
  13,265,790 
  3,896 
  115,458 
  13,154,228 
Other investments
  3,221,000 
  24,947 
  2,452 
  3,243,495 
 
 $33,852,595 
 $53,697 
 $191,241 
 $33,715,051 
 
    
    
    
    
September 30, 2016
    
    
    
    
U.S. GSE debt securities
 $13,751,867 
 $96,874 
 $5,247 
 $13,843,494 
Agency MBS
  12,380,416 
  164,771 
  18,571 
  12,526,616 
Other investments
  2,973,000 
  69,106 
  0 
  3,042,106 
 
 $29,105,283 
 $330,751 
 $23,818 
 $29,412,216 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross
 
 
Gross
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized
 
 
Unrealized
 
 
Unrealized
 
 
Fair
 
Securities HTM
 
Cost
 
 
Gains
 
 
Losses
 
 
Value*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
States and political subdivisions
 $53,882,287 
 $688,713 
 $0 
 $54,571,000 
 
    
    
    
    
December 31, 2016
    
    
    
    
States and political subdivisions
 $49,886,631 
 $1,148,369 
 $0 
 $51,035,000 
 
    
    
    
    
September 30, 2016
    
    
    
    
States and political subdivisions
 $56,837,100 
 $754,900 
 $0 
 $57,592,000 
*Method used to determine fair value of HTM securities rounds values to nearest thousand.
Investments pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements consisted of U.S. GSE debt securities, Agency MBS securities and certificates of deposit (CDs). These repurchase agreements mature daily. These investments as of the balance sheet dates were as follows:
 
 
Amortized
 
 
Fair
 
 
 
Cost
 
 
Value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2017
 $36,839,614 
 $36,719,673 
December 31, 2016
  33,604,595 
  33,469,254 
September 30, 2016
  29,105,283 
  29,412,216 
11
The scheduled maturities of debt securities AFS as of the balance sheet dates were as follows:
 
 
Amortized
 
 
Fair
 
 
 
Cost
 
 
Value
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
Due in one year or less
 $2,250,000 
 $2,245,258 
Due from one to five years
  13,029,323 
  13,009,642 
Due from five to ten years
  4,992,000 
  4,956,729 
Agency MBS
  16,568,291 
  16,508,044 
 
 $36,839,614 
 $36,719,673 
 
    
    
December 31, 2016
    
    
Due in one year or less
 $2,006,027 
 $2,010,287 
Due from one to five years
  17,335,778 
  17,329,503 
Due from five to ten years
  1,245,000 
  1,221,033 
Agency MBS
  13,265,790 
  13,154,228 
 
 $33,852,595 
 $33,715,051 
 
    
    
September 30, 2016
    
    
Due in one year or less
 $1,000,000 
 $1,001,865 
Due from one to five years
  14,479,867 
  14,630,210 
Due from five to ten years
  1,245,000 
  1,253,525 
Agency MBS
  12,380,416 
  12,526,616 
 
 $29,105,283 
 $29,412,216 
Because the actual maturities of Agency MBS usually differ from their contractual maturities due to the right of borrowers to prepay the underlying mortgage loans, usually without penalty, those securities are not presented in the table by contractual maturity date.
The scheduled maturities of debt securities HTM as of the balance sheet dates were as follows:
 
 
Amortized
 
 
Fair
 
 
 
Cost
 
 
Value*
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
Due in one year or less
 $28,773,116 
 $28,773,000 
Due from one to five years
  4,866,604 
  5,039,000 
Due from five to ten years
  3,990,576 
  4,163,000 
Due after ten years
  16,251,991 
  16,596,000 
 
 $53,882,287 
 $54,571,000 
 
    
    
December 31, 2016
    
    
Due in one year or less
 $25,368,725 
 $25,369,000 
Due from one to five years
  4,030,900 
  4,318,000 
Due from five to ten years
  4,013,242 
  4,300,000 
Due after ten years
  16,473,764 
  17,048,000 
 
 $49,886,631 
 $51,035,000 
 
    
    
September 30, 2016
    
    
Due in one year or less
 $35,141,204 
 $35,141,000 
Due from one to five years
  4,029,095 
  4,218,000 
Due from five to ten years
  3,430,921 
  3,620,000 
Due after ten years
  14,235,880 
  14,613,000 
 
 $56,837,100 
 $57,592,000 
*Method used to determine fair value of HTM securities rounds values to nearest thousand.
12
There were no debt securities HTM in an unrealized loss position as of the balance sheet dates. Debt securities AFS with unrealized losses as of the balance sheet dates are presented in the table below.
 
 
Less than 12 months
 
 
12 months or more
 
 
Total
 
 
 
Fair
 
 
Unrealized
 
 
Fair
 
 
Unrealized
 
 
Number of
 
 
Fair
 
 
Unrealized
 
 
 
Value
 
 
Loss
 
 
Value
 
 
Loss
 
 
Securities
 
 
Value
 
 
Loss
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. GSE debt securities
 $9,702,979 
 $41,405 
 $1,972,786 
 $27,214 
  10 
 $11,675,765 
 $68,619 
Agency MBS
  11,618,020 
  86,230 
  209,545 
  3,733 
  15 
  11,827,565 
  89,963 
Other investments
  1,969,953 
  12,046 
  0 
  0 
  8 
  1,969,953 
  12,046 
 
 $23,290,952 
 $139,681 
 $2,182,331 
 $30,947 
  33 
 $25,473,283 
 $170,628 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
December 31, 2016
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
U.S. GSE debt securities
 $5,176,669 
 $73,331 
 $0 
 $0 
  4 
 $5,176,669 
 $73,331 
Agency MBS
  10,704,717 
  115,458 
  0 
  0 
  15 
  10,704,717 
  115,458 
Other investments
  493,548 
  2,452 
  0 
  0 
  2 
  493,548 
  2,452 
 
 $16,374,934 
 $191,241 
 $0 
 $0 
  21 
 $16,374,934 
 $191,241 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
September 30, 2016
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
U.S. GSE debt securities
 $1,994,753 
 $5,247 
 $0 
 $0 
  1 
 $1,994,753 
 $5,247 
Agency MBS
  2,054,035 
  18,571 
  0 
  0 
  4 
  2,054,035 
  18,571 
 
 $4,048,788 
 $23,818 
 $0 
 $0 
  5 
 $4,048,788 
 $23,818 
The unrealized losses for all periods presented were principally attributable to changes in prevailing interest rates for similar types of securities and not deterioration in the creditworthiness of the issuer.
Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions, or adverse developments relating to the issuer, warrant such evaluation. Consideration is given to (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than the carrying value, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and (3) the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. In analyzing an issuer's financial condition, management considers whether the securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies or other adverse developments in the status of the securities have occurred, and the results of reviews of the issuer's financial condition. As of September 30, 2017, there were no declines in the fair value of any of the securities reflected in the table above that were deemed by management to be other than temporary.
Note 5. Loans, Allowance for Loan Losses and Credit Quality
The composition of net loans as of the balance sheet dates was as follows:
 
 
September 30,
 
 
December 31,
 
 
September 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial & industrial
 $77,604,260 
 $68,730,573 
 $69,791,331 
Commercial real estate
  210,983,668 
  201,728,280 
  190,246,590 
Residential real estate - 1st lien
  167,185,874 
  166,691,962 
  161,277,406 
Residential real estate - Junior (Jr) lien
  43,962,578 
  42,927,335 
  41,739,827 
Consumer
  6,311,739 
  7,171,076 
  7,131,741 
     Gross Loans
  506,048,119 
  487,249,226 
  470,186,895 
Deduct (add):
    
    
    
Allowance for loan losses
  5,436,313 
  5,278,445 
  5,179,965 
Deferred net loan costs
  (318,452)
  (310,130)
  (312,565)
     Net Loans
 $500,930,258 
 $482,280,911 
 $465,319,495 
13
The following is an age analysis of loans (including non-accrual) as of the balance sheet dates, by portfolio segment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
90 Days or
 
 
 
 
 
 
90 Days
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-Accrual
 
 
More and
 
September 30, 2017
 
30-89 Days
 
 
or More
 
 
Past Due
 
 
Current
 
 
Total Loans
 
 
Loans
 
 
Accruing
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial & industrial
 $76,185 
 $0 
 $76,185 
 $77,528,075 
 $77,604,260 
 $48,385 
 $0 
Commercial real estate
  1,186,687 
  228,621 
  1,415,308 
  209,568,360 
  210,983,668 
  714,720 
  15,011 
Residential real estate
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
 - 1st lien
  1,366,466 
  1,823,490 
  3,189,956 
  163,995,918 
  167,185,874 
  1,511,891 
  725,581 
 - Jr lien
  454,613 
  261,256 
  715,869 
  43,246,709 
  43,962,578 
  450,192 
  64,292 
Consumer
  53,597 
  2,777 
  56,374 
  6,255,365 
  6,311,739 
  0 
  2,777 
 
 $3,137,548 
 $2,316,144 
 $5,453,692 
 $500,594,427 
 $506,048,119 
 $2,725,188 
 $807,661 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
90 Days or
 
 
 
 
 
 
90 Days
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-Accrual
 
 
More and
 
December 31, 2016
 
30-89 Days
 
 
or More
 
 
Past Due
 
 
Current
 
 
Total Loans
 
 
Loans
 
 
Accruing
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial & industrial
 $328,684 
 $26,042 
 $354,726 
 $68,375,847 
 $68,730,573 
 $143,128 
 $26,042 
Commercial real estate
  824,836 
  222,738 
  1,047,574 
  200,680,706 
  201,728,280 
  765,584 
  0 
Residential real estate
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
 - 1st lien
  4,881,496 
  1,723,688 
  6,605,184 
  160,086,778 
  166,691,962 
  1,227,220 
  1,068,083 
 - Jr lien
  984,849 
  116,849 
  1,101,698 
  41,825,637 
  42,927,335 
  338,602 
  27,905 
Consumer
  53,972 
  2,176 
  56,148 
  7,114,928 
  7,171,076 
  0 
  2,176 
 
 $7,073,837 
 $2,091,493 
 $9,165,330 
 $478,083,896 
 $487,249,226 
 $2,474,534 
 $1,124,206 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
90 Days or
 
 
 
 
 
 
90 Days
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-Accrual
 
 
More and
 
September 30, 2016
 
30-89 Days
 
 
or More
 
 
Past Due
 
 
Current
 
 
Total Loans
 
 
Loans
 
 
Accruing
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial & industrial
 $236,510 
 $116,720 
 $353,230 
 $69,438,101 
 $69,791,331 
 $205,358 
 $116,720 
Commercial real estate
  655,874 
  249,749 
  905,623 
  189,340,967 
  190,246,590 
  759,332 
  227,302 
Residential real estate
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
 - 1st lien
  1,837,612 
  1,005,342 
  2,842,954 
  158,434,452 
  161,277,406 
  1,289,968 
  744,379 
 - Jr lien
  203,174 
  91,420 
  294,594 
  41,445,233 
  41,739,827 
  343,766 
  91,420 
Consumer
  66,776 
  0 
  66,776 
  7,064,965 
  7,131,741 
  0 
  0 
 
 $2,999,946 
 $1,463,231 
 $4,463,177 
 $465,723,718 
 $470,186,895 
 $2,598,424 
 $1,179,821 
For all loan segments, loans over 30 days past due are considered delinquent.
As of the balance sheet dates presented, residential mortgage loans in process of foreclosure consisted of the following:
 
 
Number of loans
 
 
Balance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2017
  7 
 $443,099 
December 31, 2016
  8 
  322,663 
September 30, 2016
  6 
  250,413 
Allowance for loan losses
The ALL is established through a provision for loan losses charged to earnings. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is probable. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.
14
Unsecured loans, primarily consumer loans, are charged off when they become uncollectible and no later than 120 days past due. Unsecured loans to customers who subsequently file bankruptcy are charged off within 30 days of receipt of the notification of filing or by the end of the month in which the loans become 120 days past due, whichever occurs first. For secured loans, both residential and commercial, the potential loss on impaired loans is carried as a loan loss reserve specific allocation; the loss portion is charged off when collection of the full loan appears unlikely. The unsecured portion of a real estate loan is that portion of the loan exceeding the "fair value" of the collateral less the estimated cost to sell. Value of the collateral is determined in accordance with the Company’s appraisal policy.
As described below, the allowance consists of general, specific and unallocated components. However, the entire allowance is available to absorb losses in the loan portfolio, regardless of specific, general and unallocated components considered in determining the amount of the allowance.
General component
The general component of the ALL is based on historical loss experience and various qualitative factors and is stratified by the following loan segments: commercial and industrial, commercial real estate, residential real estate 1st lien, residential real estate Jr lien and consumer loans. The Company does not disaggregate its portfolio segments further into classes.
Loss ratios are calculated by loan segment for one year, two year, three year, four year and five year look back periods. Management uses an average of historical losses based on a time frame appropriate to capture relevant loss data for each loan segment in the current economic climate. During periods of economic stability, a relatively longer period (e.g., five years) may be appropriate. During periods of significant expansion or contraction, the Company may appropriately shorten the historical time period. The Company is currently using an extended look back period of five years.
Qualitative factors include the levels of and trends in delinquencies and non-performing loans, levels of and trends in loan risk groups, trends in volumes and terms of loans, effects of any changes in loan related policies, experience, ability and the depth of management, documentation and credit data exception levels, national and local economic trends, external factors such as competition and regulation and lastly, concentrations of credit risk in a variety of areas, including portfolio product mix, the level of loans to individual borrowers and their related interests, loans to industry segments, and the geographic distribution of commercial real estate loans. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to revision as more information becomes available.
The qualitative factors are determined based on the various risk characteristics of each loan segment. The Company has policies, procedures and internal controls that management believes are commensurate with the risk profile of each of these segments. Major risk characteristics relevant to each portfolio segment are as follows:
Commercial & Industrial – Loans in this segment include commercial and industrial loans and to a lesser extent loans to finance agricultural production. Commercial loans are made to businesses and are generally secured by assets of the business, including trade assets and equipment. While not the primary collateral, in many cases these loans may also be secured by the real estate of the business. Repayment is expected from the cash flows of the business. A weakened economy, soft consumer spending, unfavorable foreign trade conditions and the rising cost of labor or raw materials are examples of issues that can impact the credit quality in this segment.
Commercial Real Estate – Loans in this segment are principally made to businesses and are generally secured by either owner-occupied, or non-owner occupied commercial real estate. A relatively small portion of this segment includes farm loans secured by farm land and buildings. As with commercial and industrial loans, repayment of owner-occupied commercial real estate loans is expected from the cash flows of the business and the segment would be impacted by the same risk factors as commercial and industrial loans. The non-owner occupied commercial real estate portion includes both residential and commercial construction loans, vacant land and real estate development loans, multi-family dwelling loans and commercial rental property loans. Repayment of construction loans is expected from permanent financing takeout; the Company generally requires a commitment or eligibility for the take-out financing prior to construction loan origination. Real estate development loans are generally repaid from the sale of the subject real property as the project progresses. Construction and development lending entail additional risks, including the project exceeding budget, not being constructed according to plans, not receiving permits, or the pre-leasing or occupancy rate not meeting expectations. Repayment of multi-family loans and commercial rental property loans is expected from the cash flow generated by rental payments received from the individuals or businesses occupying the real estate. Commercial real estate loans are impacted by factors such as competitive market forces, vacancy rates, cap rates, net operating incomes, lease renewals and overall economic demand. In addition, loans in the recreational and tourism sector can be affected by weather conditions, such as unseasonably low winter snowfalls. Commercial real estate lending also carries a higher degree of environmental risk than other real estate lending.
15
Residential Real Estate – 1st Lien – All loans in this segment are collateralized by first mortgages on 1 – 4 family owner-occupied residential real estate and repayment is dependent on the credit quality of the individual borrower. The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates and housing prices, has an impact on the credit quality of this segment.
Residential Real Estate – Jr Lien – All loans in this segment are collateralized by junior lien mortgages on 1 – 4 family residential real estate and repayment is primarily dependent on the credit quality of the individual borrower. The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates and housing prices, has an impact on the credit quality of this segment.
Consumer – Loans in this segment are made to individuals for consumer and household purposes. This segment includes both loans secured by automobiles and other consumer goods, as well as loans that are unsecured. This segment also includes overdrafts, which are extensions of credit made to both individuals and businesses to cover temporary shortages in their deposit accounts and are generally unsecured. The Company maintains policies restricting the size and term of these extensions of credit. The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates, has an impact on the credit quality of this segment.
Specific component
The specific component of the ALL relates to loans that are impaired. Impaired loans include all troubled debt restructurings (TDR) regardless of amount and all loans to a borrower that in the aggregate are greater than $100,000 and that are in non-accrual status. A specific allowance is established for an impaired loan when its estimated impaired basis is less than the total recorded investment in the loan. For all loan segments, except consumer loans, a loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, in management’s estimation it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant or temporary payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management evaluates the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length and frequency of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan by loan basis, by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s obtainable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.
A TDR occurs when the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that would otherwise not be granted. TDRs may include the transfer of assets to the Company in partial satisfaction of a troubled loan, a modification of a loan’s terms, or a combination of the two.
Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, the Company does not separately identify individual consumer loans for impairment evaluation, unless such loans are subject to a restructuring agreement.
Unallocated component
An unallocated component of the ALL is maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect management’s estimate of probable losses. The unallocated component reflects management’s estimate of the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the portfolio.
ALL methodology changes implemented as of June 30, 2017
During the second quarter of 2017, the Company transitioned to a software solution for preparing the ALL calculation and related reports, replacing previously used Excel spreadsheets. The software solution provides the Company with stronger data integrity, ease and efficiency in ALL preparation, and helps ready the Company for the future transition to the CECL model. During the implementation and testing of the software, several changes to the underlying ALL methodology were made. Those changes included (i) removing the government guaranteed balances from the calculation of the ALL for both the pooled loans and impaired loans, (ii) treating all TDRs as impaired regardless of size, and (iii) using a fixed look back period for historical losses based on loss history and economic conditions rather than applying the highest look back period of the last 5 years. The Company has a solid history of collection of government guarantees; removal of the guaranteed portion of the loan balance from the ALL calculation for government guaranteed loans reduces the amount of reserves that would otherwise be required against those loans. Management expects the change to the historical loss methodology will eliminate sharp increases or decreases in loss ratios resulting from isolated losses rolling into or out of the look back period and is more reflective of the Company’s loss history during periods of economic stability. Although the inclusion of all TDRs in the impaired calculation now requires the individual analysis of a significantly larger number of loans than was the case under the previous ALL methodology, the ability to individually analyze a greater number of loans is facilitated by the new software. Compared to the prior ALL methodology, the net impact of the foregoing methodology changes reduced required reserves by approximately $247,000 for the quarter ended June 30, 2017, the quarter during which the changes were first implemented.
16
The tables below summarize changes in the ALL and select loan information, by portfolio segment, for the periods indicated.
As of or for the three months ended September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
 
 
Residential
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
& Industrial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
1st Lien
 
 
Jr Lien
 
 
Consumer
 
 
Unallocated
 
 
Total
 
Allowance for loan losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 $695,663 
 $2,530,215 
 $1,363,324 
 $374,364 
 $51,295 
 $359,517 
 $5,374,378 
  Charge-offs
  0 
  0 
  (84,098)
  0 
  (35,825)
  0 
  (119,923)
  Recoveries
  19,151 
  0 
  4,621 
  60 
  8,026 
  0 
  31,858 
  Provision (credit)
  (41,481)
  113,047 
  136,764 
  11,115 
  28,115 
  (97,560)
  150,000 
Ending balance
 $673,333 
 $2,643,262 
 $1,420,611 
 $385,539 
 $51,611 
 $261,957 
 $5,436,313 
As of or for the nine months ended September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
 
 
Residential
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
& Industrial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
1st Lien
 
 
Jr Lien
 
 
Consumer
 
 
Unallocated
 
 
Total
 
Allowance for loan losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 $726,848 
 $2,496,085 
 $1,369,757 
 $371,176 
 $83,973 
 $230,606 
 $5,278,445 
  Charge-offs
  0 
  (160,207)
  (88,833)
  (15,311)
  (99,617)
  0 
  (363,968)
  Recoveries
  23,469 
  231 
  14,838 
  180 
  33,118 
  0 
  71,836 
  Provision (credit)
  (76,984)
  307,153 
  124,849 
  29,494 
  34,137 
  31,351 
  450,000 
Ending balance
 $673,333 
 $2,643,262 
 $1,420,611 
 $385,539 
 $51,611 
 $261,957 
 $5,436,313 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Allowance for loan losses
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Evaluated for impairment
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  Individually
 $0 
 $65,150 
 $153,570 
 $119,224 
 $0 
 $0 
 $337,944 
  Collectively
  673,333 
  2,578,112 
  1,267,041 
  266,315 
  51,611 
  261,957 
  5,098,369 
 
 $673,333 
 $2,643,262 
 $1,420,611 
 $385,539 
 $51,611 
 $261,957 
 $5,436,313 
 
 
 
Loans evaluated for impairment
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  Individually
 $48,385 
 $1,936,399 
 $3,760,913 
 $379,777 
 $0 
    
 $6,125,474 
  Collectively
  77,555,875 
  209,047,269 
  163,424,961 
  43,582,801 
  6,311,739 
    
  499,922,645 
 
 $77,604,260 
 $210,983,668 
 $167,185,874 
 $43,962,578 
 $6,311,739 
    
 $506,048,119 
17
As of or for the year ended December 31, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
 
 
Residential
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
& Industrial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
1st Lien
 
 
Jr Lien
 
 
Consumer
 
 
Unallocated
 
 
Total
 
Allowance for loan losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 $712,902 
 $2,152,678 
 $1,368,028 
 $422,822 
 $75,689 
 $279,759 
 $5,011,878 
  Charge-offs
  (49,009)
  0 
  (244,149)
  0 
  (15,404)
  0 
  (308,562)
  Recoveries
  36,032 
  0 
  23,712 
  240 
  15,145 
  0 
  75,129 
  Provision (credit)
  26,923 
  343,407 
  222,166 
  (51,886)
  8,543 
  (49,153)
  500,000 
Ending balance
 $726,848 
 $2,496,085 
 $1,369,757 
 $371,176 
 $83,973 
 $230,606 
 $5,278,445 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Allowance for loan losses
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Evaluated for impairment
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  Individually
 $0 
 $86,400 
 $6,200 
 $114,800 
 $0 
 $0 
 $207,400 
  Collectively
  726,848 
  2,409,685 
  1,363,557 
  256,376 
  83,973 
  230,606 
  5,071,045 
 
 $726,848 
 $2,496,085 
 $1,369,757 
 $371,176 
 $83,973 
 $230,606 
 $5,278,445 
 
 
 
Loans evaluated for impairment
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  Individually
 $48,385 
 $687,495 
 $946,809 
 $224,053 
 $0 
    
 $1,906,742 
  Collectively
  68,682,188 
  201,040,785 
  165,745,153 
  42,703,282 
  7,171,076 
    
  485,342,484 
 
 $68,730,573 
 $201,728,280 
 $166,691,962 
 $42,927,335 
 $7,171,076 
    
 $487,249,226 
As of or for the three months ended September 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
 
 
Residential
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
& Industrial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
1st Lien
 
 
Jr Lien
 
 
Consumer
 
 
Unallocated
 
 
Total
 
Allowance for loan losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 $825,242 
 $2,316,966 
 $1,294,272 
 $414,082 
 $80,560 
 $146,298 
 $5,077,420 
  Charge-offs
  (1,358)
  0 
  (42,000)
  0 
  (14,438)
  0 
  (57,796)
  Recoveries
  2,174 
  0 
  3,974 
  60 
  4,133 
  0 
  10,341 
  Provision (credit)
  (54,384)
  34,435 
  82,396 
  (32,861)
  (11,915)
  132,329 
  150,000 
Ending balance
 $771,674 
 $2,351,401 
 $1,338,642 
 $381,281 
 $58,340 
 $278,627 
 $5,179,965 
As of or for the nine months ended September 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
 
 
Residential
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
& Industrial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
1st Lien
 
 
Jr Lien
 
 
Consumer
 
 
Unallocated
 
 
Total
 
Allowance for loan losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 $712,902 
 $2,152,678 
 $1,368,028 
 $422,822 
 $75,689 
 $279,759 
 $5,011,878 
  Charge-offs
  (12,194)
  0 
  (234,549)
  0 
  (38,412)
  0 
  (285,155)
  Recoveries
  22,650 
  0 
  9,660 
  180 
  20,752 
  0 
  53,242 
  Provision (credit)
  48,316 
  198,723 
  195,503 
  (41,721)
  311 
  (1,132)
  400,000 
Ending balance
 $771,674 
 $2,351,401 
 $1,338,642 
 $381,281 
 $58,340 
 $278,627 
 $5,179,965 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Allowance for loan losses
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Evaluated for impairment
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  Individually
 $0 
 $92,900 
 $19,000 
 $115,600 
 $0 
 $0 
 $227,500 
  Collectively
  771,674 
  2,258,501 
  1,319,642 
  265,681 
  58,340 
  278,627 
  4,952,465 
 
 $771,674 
 $2,351,401 
 $1,338,642 
 $381,281 
 $58,340 
 $278,627 
 $5,179,965 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Loans evaluated for impairment
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  Individually
 $188,528 
 $703,852 
 $1,064,752 
 $226,590 
 $0 
    
 $2,183,722 
  Collectively
  69,602,803 
  189,542,738 
  160,212,654 
  41,513,237 
  7,131,741 
    
  468,003,173 
 
 $69,791,331 
 $190,246,590 
 $161,277,406 
 $41,739,827 
 $7,131,741 
    
 $470,186,895 
18
Impaired loans, by portfolio segment, were as follows:
 
 
As of September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unpaid
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
 
Average
 
 
Interest
 
 
 
Recorded
 
 
Principal
 
 
Related
 
 
Recorded
 
 
Recorded
 
 
Income
 
 
 
Investment
 
 
Balance
 
 
Allowance
 
 
Investment (1)
 
 
Investment (2)
 
 
Recognized (2)
 
 
 
 
    
    
    
Related allowance recorded
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
    
   Commercial real estate
 $204,645 
 $225,681 
 $65,150 
 $207,572 
 $212,451 
 $0 
   Residential real estate
    
    
    
    
    
    
    - 1st lien
  1,071,713 
  1,108,286 
  153,570 
  1,055,232 
  608,943 
  20,535 
    - Jr lien
  224,957 
  293,638 
  119,224 
  254,291 
  238,679 
  305 
 
  1,501,315 
  1,627,605 
  337,944 
  1,517,095 
  1,060,073 
  20,840 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
No related allowance recorded
    
    
    
    
    
    
   Commercial & industrial
  48,385 
  62,498 
    
  91,882 
  70,133 
  0 
   Commercial real estate
  1,735,982 
  2,305,028 
    
  1,749,498 
  1,105,573 
  50,123 
   Residential real estate
    
    
    
    
    
    
    - 1st lien
  2,705,775 
  3,006,813 
    
  2,630,926 
  1,587,592 
  87,720 
    - Jr lien
  154,839 
  154,918 
    
  145,830 
  107,120 
  0 
 
  4,644,981 
  5,529,257 
    
  4,618,136 
  2,870,418 
  137,843 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
 
 $6,146,296 
 $7,156,862 
 $337,944 
 $6,135,231 
 $3,930,491 
 $158,683 
(1) For the three months ended September 30, 2017
(2) For the nine months ended September 30, 2017
In the table above, recorded investment of impaired loans as of September 30, 2017 includes accrued interest receivable and deferred net loan costs of $20,822.
 
 
As of December 31, 2016
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unpaid
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
 
 
Recorded
 
 
Principal
 
 
Related
 
 
Recorded
 
 
 
Investment
 
 
Balance
 
 
Allowance
 
 
Investment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Related allowance recorded
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Commercial real estate
 $220,257 
 $232,073 
 $86,400 
 $89,664 
   Residential real estate - 1st lien
  271,962 
  275,118 
  6,200 
  350,709 
   Residential real estate - Jr lien
  224,053 
  284,342 
  114,800 
  241,965 
 
  716,272 
  791,533 
  207,400 
  682,338 
 
    
    
    
    
No related allowance recorded
    
    
    
    
   Commercial & industrial
  48,385 
  62,498 
    
  183,925 
   Commercial real estate
  467,238 
  521,991 
    
  1,059,542 
   Residential real estate - 1st lien
  674,847 
  893,741 
    
  877,237 
   Residential real estate - Jr lien
  0 
  0 
    
  15,888 
 
  1,190,470 
  1,478,230 
    
  2,136,592 
 
    
    
    
    
 
 $1,906,742 
 $2,269,763 
 $207,400 
 $2,818,930 
19
 
 
As of September 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unpaid
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
 
Average
 
 
 
Recorded
 
 
Principal
 
 
Related
 
 
Recorded
 
 
Recorded
 
 
 
Investment
 
 
Balance
 
 
Allowance
 
 
Investment(1)
 
 
Investment(2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Related allowance recorded
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Commercial real estate
 $228,062 
 $235,152 
 $92,900 
 $0 
 $45,612 
   Residential real estate
    
    
    
    
    
    - 1st lien
  436,191 
  579,182 
  19,000 
  435,802 
  296,316 
    - Jr lien
  226,590 
  284,314 
  115,600 
  262,589 
  197,154 
 
  890,843 
  1,098,648 
  227,500 
  698,391 
  539,082 
 
    
    
    
    
    
No related allowance recorded
    
    
    
    
    
   Commercial & industrial
  188,528 
  262,297 
    
  198,137 
  174,248 
   Commercial real estate
  475,790 
  523,245 
    
  901,468 
  966,095 
   Residential real estate
    
    
    
    
    
    - 1st lien
  628,561 
  729,602 
    
  918,378 
  742,267 
    - Jr lien
  0 
  0 
    
  39,721 
  15,888 
 
  1,292,879 
  1,515,144 
    
  2,057,704 
  1,898,498 
 
    
    
    
    
    
 
 $2,183,722 
 $2,613,792 
 $227,500 
 $2,756,095 
 $2,437,580 
(1) For the three months ended September 30, 2016
(2) For the nine months ended September 30, 2016
Interest income recognized on impaired loans was immaterial for the December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2016 periods presented.
For all loan segments, the accrual of interest is discontinued when a loan is specifically determined to be impaired or when the loan is delinquent 90 days and management believes, after considering collection efforts and other factors, that the borrower's financial condition is such that collection of interest is considered by management to be doubtful. Any unpaid interest previously accrued on those loans is reversed from income. Interest income is generally not recognized on specific impaired loans unless the likelihood of further loss is considered by management to be remote. Interest payments received on impaired loans are generally applied as a reduction of the loan principal balance. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are considered by management to be reasonably assured.
Credit Quality Grouping
In developing the ALL, management uses credit quality grouping to help evaluate trends in credit quality. The Company groups credit risk into Groups A, B and C. The manner the Company utilizes to assign risk grouping is driven by loan purpose. Commercial purpose loans are individually risk graded while the retail portion of the portfolio is generally grouped by delinquency pool.
Group A loans - Acceptable Risk – are loans that are expected to perform as agreed under their respective terms. Such loans carry a normal level of risk that does not require management attention beyond that warranted by the loan or loan relationship characteristics, such as loan size or relationship size. Group A loans include commercial purpose loans that are individually risk rated and retail loans that are rated by pool. Group A retail loans include performing consumer and residential real estate loans. Residential real estate loans are loans to individuals secured by 1-4 family homes, including first mortgages, home equity and home improvement loans. Loan balances fully secured by deposit accounts or that are fully guaranteed by the Federal Government are considered acceptable risk.
Group B loans – Management Involved - are loans that require greater attention than the acceptable loans in Group A. Characteristics of such loans may include, but are not limited to, borrowers that are experiencing negative operating trends such as reduced sales or margins, borrowers that have exposure to adverse market conditions such as increased competition or regulatory burden, or borrowers that have had unexpected or adverse changes in management. These loans have a greater likelihood of migrating to an unacceptable risk level if these characteristics are left unchecked. Group B is limited to commercial purpose loans that are individually risk rated.
20
Group C loans – Unacceptable Risk – are loans that have distinct shortcomings that require a greater degree of management attention. Examples of these shortcomings include a borrower's inadequate capacity to service debt, poor operating performance, or insolvency. These loans are more likely to result in repayment through collateral liquidation. Group C loans range from those that are likely to sustain some loss if the shortcomings are not corrected, to those for which loss is imminent and non-accrual treatment is warranted. Group C loans include individually rated commercial purpose loans and retail loans adversely rated in accordance with the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council’s Uniform Retail Credit Classification Policy. Group C retail loans include 1-4 family residential real estate loans and home equity loans past due 90 days or more with loan-to-value ratios greater than 60%, home equity loans 90 days or more past due where the Bank does not hold first mortgage, irrespective of loan-to-value, loans in bankruptcy where repayment is likely but not yet established, and consumer loans that are 90 days or more past due.
Commercial purpose loan ratings are assigned by the commercial account officer; for larger and more complex commercial loans, the credit rating is a collaborative assignment by the lender and the credit analyst. The credit risk rating is based on the borrower's expected performance, i.e., the likelihood that the borrower will be able to service its obligations in accordance with the loan terms. Credit risk ratings are meant to measure risk versus simply record history. Assessment of expected future payment performance requires consideration of numerous factors. While past performance is part of the overall evaluation, expected performance is based on an analysis of the borrower's financial strength, and historical and projected factors such as size and financing alternatives, capacity and cash flow, balance sheet and income statement trends, the quality and timeliness of financial reporting, and the quality of the borrower’s management. Other factors influencing the credit risk rating to a lesser degree include collateral coverage and control, guarantor strength and commitment, documentation, structure and covenants and industry conditions. There are uncertainties inherent in this process.
Credit risk ratings are dynamic and require updating whenever relevant information is received. The risk ratings of larger or more complex loans, and Group B and C rated loans, are assessed at the time of their respective annual reviews, during quarterly updates, in action plans or at any other time that relevant information warrants update. Lenders are required to make immediate disclosure to the Chief Credit Officer of any known increase in loan risk, even if considered temporary in nature.
The risk ratings within the loan portfolio, by segment, as of the balance sheet dates were as follows:
As of September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
 
 
Residential
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
& Industrial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
1st Lien
 
 
Jr Lien
 
 
Consumer
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Group A
 $74,066,398 
 $201,257,154 
 $164,684,918 
 $43,235,529 
 $6,308,962 
 $489,552,961 
Group B
  277,046 
  877,021 
  0 
  154,942 
  0 
  1,309,009 
Group C
  3,260,816 
  8,849,493 
  2,500,956 
  572,107 
  2,777 
  15,186,149 
 
 $77,604,260 
 $210,983,668 
 $167,185,874 
 $43,962,578 
 $6,311,739 
 $506,048,119 
As of December 31, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
 
 
Residential
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
& Industrial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
1st Lien
 
 
Jr Lien
 
 
Consumer
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Group A
 $67,297,983 
 $191,755,393 
 $164,708,778 
 $42,289,062 
 $7,168,901 
 $473,220,117 
Group B
  512,329 
  2,971,364 
  0 
  169,054 
  0 
  3,652,747 
Group C
  920,261 
  7,001,523 
  1,983,184 
  469,219 
  2,175 
  10,376,362 
 
 $68,730,573 
 $201,728,280 
 $166,691,962 
 $42,927,335 
 $7,171,076 
 $487,249,226 
21
As of September 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
 
 
Residential
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Commercial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
& Industrial
 
 
Real Estate
 
 
1st Lien
 
 
Jr Lien
 
 
Consumer
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Group A
 $67,062,235 
 $179,855,087 
 $158,989,152 
 $41,124,097 
 $7,131,741 
 $454,162,312 
Group B
  1,551,890 
  3,270,984 
  451,736 
  146,896 
  0 
  5,421,506 
Group C
  1,177,206 
  7,120,519 
  1,836,518 
  468,834 
  0 
  10,603,077 
 
 $69,791,331 
 $190,246,590 
 $161,277,406 
 $41,739,827 
 $7,131,741 
 $470,186,895 
Modifications of Loans and TDRs
A loan is classified as a TDR if, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, the Company grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider.
The Company is deemed to have granted such a concession if it has modified a troubled loan in any of the following ways:
Reduced accrued interest;
Reduced the original contractual interest rate to a rate that is below the current market rate for the borrower;
Converted a variable-rate loan to a fixed-rate loan;
Extended the term of the loan beyond an insignificant delay;
Deferred or forgiven principal in an amount greater than three months of payments; or
Performed a refinancing and deferred or forgiven principal on the original loan.
An insignificant delay or insignificant shortfall in the amount of payments typically would not require the loan to be accounted for as a TDR. However, pursuant to regulatory guidance, any payment delay longer than three months is generally not considered insignificant. Management’s assessment of whether a concession has been granted also takes into account payments expected to be received from third parties, including third-party guarantors, provided that the third party has the ability to perform on the guarantee.
The Company’s TDRs are principally a result of extending loan repayment terms to relieve cash flow difficulties. The Company has only, on a limited basis, reduced interest rates for borrowers below the current market rate for the borrower. The Company has not forgiven principal or reduced accrued interest within the terms of original restructurings, nor has it converted variable rate terms to fixed rate terms. However, the Company evaluates each TDR situation on its own merits and does not foreclose the granting of any particular type of concession.
New TDRs, by portfolio segment, during the periods presented were as follows:
 Three months ended September 30, 2017Nine months ended September 30, 2017
  Pre-Post- Pre-Post-
  ModificationModification ModificationModification
  OutstandingOutstanding OutstandingOutstanding
 Number ofRecordedRecordedNumber ofRecordedRecorded
 ContractsInvestmentInvestmentContractsInvestmentInvestment
       
Residential real estate      
 - 1st lien1$80,323$87,8442$122,180$145,262
22
Year ended December 31, 2016
 
 
 
 
Pre-
 
 
Post-
 
 
 
 
 
 
Modification
 
 
Modification
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding
 
 
Outstanding
 
 
 
Number of
 
 
Recorded
 
 
Recorded
 
 
 
Contracts
 
 
Investment
 
 
Investment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential real estate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - 1st lien
  8 
 $572,418 
 $598,030 
 - Jr lien
  2 
  62,819 
  64,977 
 
  10 
 $635,237 
 $663,007 
 
 
Three months ended September 30, 2016
 
 
Nine months ended September 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pre-
 
 
Post-
 
 
 
 
 
Pre-
 
 
Post-
 
 
 
 
 
 
Modification
 
 
Modification
 
 
 
 
 
Modification
 
 
Modification
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding
 
 
Outstanding
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding
 
 
Outstanding
 
 
 
Number of
 
 
Recorded
 
 
Recorded
 
 
Number of
 
 
Recorded
 
 
Recorded
 
 
 
Contracts
 
 
Investment
 
 
Investment
 
 
Contracts
 
 
Investment
 
 
Investment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential real estate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - 1st lien
  3 
 $177,182 
 $185,107 
  8 
 $572,418 
 $598,030 
 - Jr lien
  0 
  0 
  0 
  2 
  62,819 
  64,977 
 
  3 
 $177,182 
 $185,107 
  10 
 $635,237 
 $663,007 
The TDR’s for which there was a payment default during the twelve month periods presented were as follows:
Twelve months ended September 30, 2017
 
Number of
 
 
Recorded
 
 
 
Contracts
 
 
Investment
 
Residential real estate – 1st lien
  1 
 $87,844 
Twelve months ended December 31, 2016
 
Number of
 
 
Recorded
 
 
 
Contracts
 
 
Investment
 
Residential real estate - 1st lien
  2 
 $93,230 
Residential real estate - Jr lien
  1 
  54,557 
 
  3 
 $147,787 
Twelve months ended September 30, 2016
 
Number of
 
 
Recorded
 
 
 
Contracts
 
 
Investment
 
Commercial
  1 
 $71,808 
Commercial real estate
  1 
  228,063 
Residential real estate - 1st lien
  2 
  94,004 
Residential real estate - Jr lien
  1 
  54,557 
 
  5 
 $448,432 
TDRs are treated as other impaired loans and carry individual specific reserves with respect to the calculation of the ALL. These loans are categorized as non-performing, may be past due, and are generally adversely risk rated. The TDRs that have defaulted under their restructured terms are generally in collection status and their reserve is typically calculated using the fair value of collateral method.
23
The specific allowances related to TDRs as of the balance sheet dates are presented in the table below.
 
 
September 30,
 
 
December 31,
 
 
September 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Specific Allocation(1)
 $216,939 
 $92,600 
 $98,600 
(1) The increase in specific allocations at September 30, 2017 is principally related to the change in methodology during the second quarter of 2017 that recognized all TDR’s as impaired.
As of the balance sheet dates, the Company evaluates whether it is contractually committed to lend additional funds to debtors with impaired, non-accrual or modified loans. The Company is contractually committed to lend on one Small Business Administration (SBA) guaranteed line of credit to a borrower whose lending relationship was previously restructured.
Note 6. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
As a result of a merger with LyndonBank on December 31, 2007, the Company recorded goodwill amounting to $11,574,269. The goodwill is not amortizable and is not deductible for tax purposes.
The Company also initially recorded $4,161,000 of acquired identified intangible assets in the LyndonBank merger, representing the core deposit intangible which is subject to amortization as a non-interest expense over a ten year period. The accumulated amortization expense was $4,092,834 and $3,820,139 as of September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Amortization expense for the core deposit intangible for the first nine months of 2017 and 2016 was $204,525. The future amortization expense related to the remaining core deposit intangible is $68,166 and will be fully expensed in 2017.
Management evaluates goodwill for impairment annually and the core deposit intangible for impairment if conditions warrant. As of the date of the most recent evaluation (December 31, 2016), management concluded that no impairment existed in either category.
Note 7. Fair Value
Certain assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value to provide additional insight into the Company’s quality of earnings. The fair values of some of these assets and liabilities are measured on a recurring basis while others are measured on a non-recurring basis, with the determination based upon applicable existing accounting pronouncements. For example, securities available-for-sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Other assets, such as MSRs, loans held-for-sale, impaired loans, and OREO are recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis using the lower of cost or market methodology to determine impairment of individual assets. The Company groups assets and liabilities which are recorded at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. The level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement (with Level 1 considered highest and Level 3 considered lowest). A brief description of each level follows.
Level 1 
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 1 assets and liabilities include debt and equity securities and derivative contracts that are traded in an active exchange market, as well as U.S. Treasury, other U.S. Government debt securities that are highly liquid and are actively traded in over-the-counter markets.
Level 2 
Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 2 assets and liabilities include debt securities with quoted prices that are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments and derivative contracts whose value is determined using a pricing model with inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. This category generally includes MSRs, impaired loans and OREO.
Level 3 
Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.
24
The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating its fair value measurements and disclosures:
Cash and cash equivalents:  The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for cash and cash equivalents approximate their fair values. As such, the Company classifies these financial instruments as Level 1.
Securities AFS and HTM:  Fair value measurement is based upon quoted prices for similar assets, if available. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using matrix pricing models, or other model-based valuation techniques requiring observable inputs other than quoted prices such as yield curves, prepayment speeds and default rates. Level 1 securities would include U.S. Treasury securities that are traded by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter markets. Level 2 securities include federal agency securities and securities of local municipalities.
Restricted equity securities:  Restricted equity securities are comprised of Federal Reserve Bank of Boston (FRBB) stock and Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston (FHLBB) stock. These securities are carried at cost, which is believed to approximate fair value, based on the redemption provisions of the FRBB and the FHLBB. The stock is nonmarketable, and redeemable at par value, subject to certain conditions. The Company classifies these securities as Level 2.
Loans and loans held-for-sale:  For variable-rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying amounts. The fair values for other loans (for example, fixed rate residential, commercial real estate, and rental property mortgage loans, and commercial and industrial loans) are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, based on interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality. Loan fair value estimates include judgments regarding future expected loss experience and risk characteristics. Loan impairment is deemed to exist when full repayment of principal and interest according to the contractual terms of the loan is no longer probable. Impaired loans are reported based on one of three measures: the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; the loan’s observable market price; or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. If the fair value is less than an impaired loan’s recorded investment, an impairment loss is recognized as part of the ALL. Accordingly, certain impaired loans may be subject to measurement at fair value on a non-recurring basis. Management has estimated the fair values of collateral-dependent loans using Level 2 inputs, such as the fair value of collateral based on independent third-party appraisals. All other loans are valued using Level 3 inputs.
The fair value of loans held-for-sale is based upon an actual purchase and sale agreement between the Company and an independent market participant. The sale is executed within a reasonable period following quarter end at the stated fair value.
MSRs:  MSRs represent the value associated with servicing residential mortgage loans. Servicing assets and servicing liabilities are reported using the amortization method and compared to fair value for impairment. In evaluating the carrying values of MSRs, the Company obtains third party valuations based on loan level data including note rate, and the type and term of the underlying loans. The Company classifies MSRs as non-recurring Level 2.
OREO:  Real estate acquired through or in lieu of foreclosure and bank properties no longer used as bank premises are initially recorded at fair value. The fair value of OREO is based on property appraisals and an analysis of similar properties currently available. The Company records OREO as non-recurring Level 2.
Deposits, repurchase agreements and borrowed funds:  The fair values disclosed for demand deposits (for example, checking accounts and savings accounts) are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (that is, their carrying amounts). The carrying value of repurchase agreements approximates fair value due to their short term. The fair values for certificates of deposit and borrowed funds are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on certificates and indebtedness to a schedule of aggregated contractual maturities on such time deposits and indebtedness. The Company classifies deposits, repurchase agreements and borrowed funds as Level 2.
Capital lease obligations:  Fair value is determined using a discounted cash flow calculation using current rates. Based on current rates, carrying value approximates fair value. The Company classifies these obligations as Level 2.
Junior subordinated debentures:  Fair value is estimated using current rates for debentures of similar maturity. The Company classifies these instruments as Level 2.
25
Accrued interest:  The carrying amounts of accrued interest approximate their fair values. The Company classifies accrued interest as Level 2.
Off-balance-sheet credit related instruments:  Commitments to extend credit are evaluated and fair value is estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present credit-worthiness of the counterparties. For fixed-rate loan commitments, fair value also considers the difference between current levels of interest rates and the committed rates.
FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 825, “Financial Instruments”, requires disclosures of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheet, if the fair values can be reasonably determined. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques using observable inputs when available. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument. Topic 825 excludes certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial instruments from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented may not necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Company.
Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and reflected in the consolidated balance sheets at the dates presented, segregated by fair value hierarchy, are summarized below:
September 30, 2017
Level 2
Assets: (market approach)
U.S. GSE debt securities
$15,256,844
Agency MBS
16,508,044
Other investments
4,954,785
$36,719,673
December 31, 2016
Level 2
Assets: (market approach)
U.S. GSE debt securities
$17,317,328
Agency MBS
13,154,228
Other investments
3,243,495
$33,715,051
September 30, 2016
Level 2
Assets: (market approach)
U.S. GSE debt securities
$13,843,494
Agency MBS
12,526,616
Other investments
3,042,106
$29,412,216
There were no Level 1 or Level 3 assets or liabilities measured on a recurring basis as of the balance sheet dates presented.
Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis
The following table includes assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis that have had a fair value adjustment since their initial recognition. Impaired loans measured at fair value only include impaired loans with a related specific ALL and are presented net of specific allowances as disclosed in Note 5.
26
Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and reflected in the consolidated balance sheets at the dates presented, segregated by fair value hierarchy, are summarized below:
September 30, 2017
Level 2
Assets: (market approach)
MSRs (1)
$1,113,034
Impaired loans, net of related allowance
0
OREO
324,235
December 31, 2016
Level 2
Assets: (market approach)
MSRs (1)
$1,210,695
Impaired loans, net of related allowance
508,872
OREO
394,000
September 30, 2016
Level 2
Assets: (market approach)
MSRs (1)
$1,215,311
Impaired loans, net of related allowance
663,343
OREO
409,000
(1) Represents MSRs at lower of cost or fair value, including MSRs deemed to be impaired and for which a valuation allowance was established to carry at fair value as of the balance sheet dates presented.
There were no Level 1 or Level 3 assets or liabilities measured on a non-recurring basis as of the balance sheet dates presented.
27
The estimated fair values of commitments to extend credit and letters of credit were immaterial as of the dates presented in the tables below. The estimated fair values of the Company's financial instruments were as follows:
September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
Fair
 
 
Fair
 
 
Fair
 
 
Fair
 
 
 
Carrying
 
 
Value
 
 
Value
 
 
Value
 
 
Value
 
 
 
Amount
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
 
Financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 $29,720 
 $29,720 
 $0 
 $0 
 $29,720 
Securities held-to-maturity
  53,882 
  0 
  54,571 
  0 
  54,571 
Securities available-for-sale
  36,720 
  0 
  36,720 
  0 
  36,720 
Restricted equity securities
  1,700 
  0 
  1,700 
  0 
  1,700 
Loans and loans held-for-sale
    
    
    
    
    
  Commercial & industrial
  76,890 
  0 
  0 
  77,533 
  77,533 
  Commercial real estate
  208,232 
  0 
  0 
  209,648 
  209,648 
  Residential real estate - 1st lien
  166,366 
  0 
  0 
  168,903 
  168,903 
  Residential real estate - Jr lien
  43,555 
  0 
  0 
  43,931 
  43,931 
  Consumer
  6,256 
  0 
  0 
  6,491 
  6,491 
MSRs (1)
  1,113 
  0 
  1,289 
  0 
  1,289 
Accrued interest receivable
  1,893 
  0 
  1,893 
  0 
  1,893 
 
    
    
    
    
    
Financial liabilities:
    
    
    
    
    
Deposits
    
    
    
    
    
  Other deposits
  502,963 
  0 
  502,203 
  0 
  502,203 
  Brokered deposits
  53,789 
  0 
  53,786 
  0 
  53,786 
Long-term borrowings
  3,550 
  0 
  3,219 
  0 
  3,219 
Repurchase agreements
  27,459 
  0 
  27,459 
  0 
  27,459 
Capital lease obligations
  409 
  0 
  409 
  0 
  409 
Subordinated debentures
  12,887 
  0 
  12,844 
  0 
  12,844 
Accrued interest payable
  109 
  0 
  109 
  0 
  109 
(1) Reported fair value represents all MSRs for loans serviced by the Company at September 30, 2017, regardless of carrying amount.
28
December 31, 2016
 
 
 
 
Fair
 
 
Fair
 
 
Fair
 
 
Fair
 
 
 
Carrying
 
 
Value
 
 
Value
 
 
Value
 
 
Value
 
 
 
Amount
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
 
Financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 $29,614 
 $29,614 
 $0 
 $0 
 $29,614 
Securities held-to-maturity
  49,887 
  0 
  51,035 
  0 
  51,035 
Securities available-for-sale
  33,715 
  0 
  33,715 
  0 
  33,715 
Restricted equity securities
  2,756 
  0 
  2,756 
  0 
  2,756 
Loans and loans held-for-sale
    
    
    
    
    
  Commercial & industrial
  67,972 
  0 
  48 
  68,727 
  68,775 
  Commercial real estate
  199,136 
  0 
  601 
  201,560 
  202,161 
  Residential real estate - 1st lien
  165,243 
  0 
  941 
  166,858 
  167,799 
  Residential real estate - Jr lien
  42,536 
  0 
  109 
  42,948 
  43,057 
  Consumer
  7,084 
  0 
  0 
  7,371 
  7,371 
MSRs(1)
  1,211 
  0 
  1,302 
  0 
  1,302 
Accrued interest receivable
  1,819 
  0 
  1,819 
  0 
  1,819 
 
    
    
    
    
    
Financial liabilities:
    
    
    
    
    
Deposits
    
    
    
    
    
  Other deposits
  470,002 
  0 
  469,323 
  0 
  469,323 
  Brokered deposits
  34,733 
  0 
  34,745 
  0 
  34,745 
Short-term borrowings
  30,000 
  0 
  30,000 
  0 
  30,000 
Long-term borrowings
  1,550 
  0 
  1,376 
  0 
  1,376 
Repurchase agreements
  30,423 
  0 
  30,423 
  0 
  30,423 
Capital lease obligations
  483 
  0 
  483 
  0 
  483 
Subordinated debentures
  12,887 
  0 
  12,849 
  0 
  12,849 
Accrued interest payable
  73 
  0 
  73 
  0 
  73 
(1) Reported fair value represents all MSRs for loans serviced by the Company at December 31, 2016, regardless of carrying amount.
29
September 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
Fair
 
 
Fair
 
 
Fair
 
 
Fair
 
 
 
Carrying
 
 
Value
 
 
Value
 
 
Value
 
 
Value
 
 
 
Amount
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
 
Financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 $12,380 
 $12,380 
 $0 
 $0 
 $12,380 
Securities held-to-maturity
  56,837 
  0 
  57,592 
  0 
  57,592 
Securities available-for-sale
  29,412 
  0 
  29,412 
  0 
  29,412 
Restricted equity securities
  1,856 
  0 
  1,856 
  0 
  1,856 
Loans and loans held-for-sale
    
    
    
    
    
  Commercial & industrial
  68,978 
  0 
  189 
  69,957 
  70,146 
  Commercial real estate
  187,783 
  0 
  611 
  192,329 
  192,940 
  Residential real estate - 1st lien
  160,552 
  0 
  1,046 
  163,770 
  164,816 
  Residential real estate - Jr lien
  41,334 
  0 
  111 
  41,826 
  41,937 
  Consumer
  7,069 
  0 
  0 
  7,358 
  7,358 
MSRs (1)
  1,215 
  0 
  1,333 
  0 
  1,333 
Accrued interest receivable
  1,650 
  0 
  1,650 
  0 
  1,650 
 
    
    
    
    
    
Financial liabilities:
    
    
    
    
    
Deposits
    
    
    
    
    
  Other deposits
  470,587 
  0 
  470,785 
  0 
  470,785 
  Brokered deposits
  33,220 
  0 
  33,223 
  0 
  33,223 
Federal funds purchased and short-term borrowings
  5,245 
  0 
  5,245 
  0 
  5,245 
Long-term borrowings
  550 
  0 
  503 
  0 
  503 
Repurchase agreements
  25,834 
  0 
  25,834 
  0 
  25,834 
Capital lease obligations
  494 
  0 
  494 
  0 
  494 
Subordinated debentures
  12,887 
  0 
  12,852 
  0 
  12,852 
Accrued interest payable
  44 
  0 
  44 
  0 
  44 
(1) Reported fair value represents all MSRs for loans serviced by the Company at September 30, 2016, regardless of carrying amount.
Note 8. Loan Servicing
The following table shows the changes in the carrying amount of the mortgage servicing rights, included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets, for the periods indicated:
 Nine Months EndedYear EndedNine Months Ended
 September 30, 2017December 31, 2016September 30, 2016
    
Balance at beginning of year$1,210,695$1,293,079$1,293,079
   Mortgage servicing rights capitalized82,686176,705152,900
   Mortgage servicing rights amortized(180,347)(266,603)(208,706)
   Change in valuation allowance07,514(21,962)
Balance at end of period$1,113,034$1,210,695$1,215,311
Note 9. Legal Proceedings
In the normal course of business, the Company and its subsidiary are involved in litigation that is considered incidental to their business. Management does not expect that any such litigation will be material to the Company's consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
Note 10. Subsequent Event
The Company has evaluated events and transactions through the date that the financial statements were issued for potential recognition or disclosure in these financial statements, as required by US GAAP. On September 22, 2017, the Company declared a cash dividend of $0.17 per common share payable November 1, 2017 to shareholders of record as of October 15, 2017. This dividend, amounting to $864,746, was accrued at September 30, 2017.
30
ITEM 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Period Ended September 30, 2017
The following discussion analyzes the consolidated financial condition of Community Bancorp. (the Company) and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Community National Bank (the Bank), as of September 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2016, and its consolidated results of operations for the nine-month interim periods presented. Under applicable regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the Company is eligible for relief from certain disclosure requirements available to smaller reporting companies until it files its first quarterly report on Form 10-Q for 2018.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in its 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) contains certain forward-looking statements about the results of operations, financial condition and business of the Company and its subsidiary. Words used in the discussion below such as "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "intends," "estimates," "plans," "predicts," or similar expressions, indicate that management of the Company is making forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance. They necessarily involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Future results of the Company may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements. Examples of forward looking statements included in this discussion include, but are not limited to, estimated contingent liability related to assumptions made within the asset/liability management process, management's expectations as to the future interest rate environment and the Company's related liquidity level, credit risk expectations relating to the Company's loan portfolio and its participation in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston (FHLBB) Mortgage Partnership Finance (MPF) program, and management's general outlook for the future performance of the Company or the local or national economy. Although forward-looking statements are based on management's current expectations and estimates, many of the factors that could influence or determine actual results are unpredictable and not within the Company's control. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such statements as they speak only as of the date they are made. The Company does not undertake, and disclaims any obligation, to revise or update any forward-looking statements to reflect the occurrence or anticipated occurrence of events or circumstances after the date of this Report, except as required by applicable law. The Company claims the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements provided in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by these forward-looking statements include, among others, the following possibilities: (1) general economic conditions, either nationally, regionally or locally deteriorate, resulting in a decline in credit quality or a diminished demand for the Company's products and services; (2) competitive pressures increase among financial service providers in the Company's northern New England market area or in the financial services industry generally, including competitive pressures from non-bank financial service providers, from increasing consolidation and integration of financial service providers, and from changes in technology and delivery systems; (3) interest rates change in such a way as to negatively affect the Company's net income, asset valuations or margins; (4) changes in laws or government rules, including the rules of the federal Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, or the way in which courts or government agencies interpret or implement those laws or rules, increase our costs of doing business, causing us to limit or change our product offerings or pricing, or otherwise adversely affect the Company's business; (5) changes in federal or state tax policy; (6) changes in the level of nonperforming assets and charge-offs; (7) changes in estimates of future reserve requirements based upon relevant regulatory and accounting requirements; (8) changes in consumer and business spending, borrowing and savings habits; (9) reductions in deposit levels, which necessitate increased borrowings to fund loans and investments; (10) the geographic concentration of the Company’s loan portfolio and deposit base; (11) losses due to the fraudulent or negligent conduct of third parties, including the Company’s service providers, customers and employees; (12) the effect of changes to the calculation of the Company’s regulatory capital ratios which began in 2015 under the Basel III capital framework and which, among other things, requires additional regulatory capital, and changes the framework for risk-weighting of certain assets; (13) the effect of and changes in the United States monetary and fiscal policies, including the interest rate policies of the Federal Reserve Board (FRB) and its regulation of the money supply; and (14) adverse changes in the credit rating of U.S. government debt.
31
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
Under SEC Regulation G, public companies making disclosures containing financial measures that are not in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (US GAAP or GAAP) must also disclose, along with each non-GAAP financial measure, certain additional information, including a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure to the closest comparable GAAP financial measure, as well as a statement of the company’s reasons for utilizing the non-GAAP financial measure. The SEC has exempted from the definition of non-GAAP financial measures certain commonly used financial measures that are not based on GAAP. However, three non-GAAP financial measures commonly used by financial institutions, namely tax-equivalent net interest income and tax-equivalent net interest margin (as presented in the tables in the section labeled Interest Income Versus Interest Expense (Net Interest Income)) and core earnings (as defined and discussed in the Results of Operations section), have not been specifically exempted by the SEC, and may therefore constitute non-GAAP financial measures under Regulation G. We are unable to state with certainty whether the SEC would regard those measures as subject to Regulation G.
Management believes that these non-GAAP financial measures are useful in evaluating the Company’s financial performance and facilitate comparisons with the performance of other financial institutions. However, that information should be considered supplemental in nature and not as a substitute for related financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP.
OVERVIEW
The Company’s consolidated assets on September 30, 2017 were $661,539,071, an increase of $23,885,406, or 3.8%, from December 31, 2016 and an increase of $55,748,641, or 9.2%, from September 30, 2016. Net loans increased $18,649,347, or 3.9%, since December 31, 2016 and $35,610,763, or 7.7%, since September 30, 2016. The year over year increase in the loan portfolio is primarily attributable to growth in commercial loans and was funded primarily through an increase in deposit accounts and wholesale funding in the form of brokered deposits.
Total deposits increased $52,017,288, or 10.3%, since December 31, 2016 due to increases in most components including $11.5 million, or 11.0%, in non-interest bearing demand accounts, $12.7 million, or 14.6%, in savings accounts, and $12.8 million, or 13.2%, in other time deposits. In the year over year comparison, deposits increased $52,945,414, or 10.5%. Core deposits saw increases in all areas in the year over year comparison, and increases are noted in money market accounts and time deposits as well. Some of the increase in time deposits in both comparison periods is attributable to the Company’s use of brokered deposits, both from purchases on the national certificate of deposit (CD) market and through the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service (CDARS).
Despite four federal funds rate increases of 25 basis points each since December 2015, interest rates remain at historically low levels, and the yield curve is still not providing any meaningful relief on margin pressure as long-term rates have stayed in a tight range. Growth of the commercial loan portfolio in recent years, which typically carries higher yields than residential and consumer loans, has helped to maintain a stable level of interest income. This shift in asset mix is in line with the Company’s strategic plan to increase its concentration in commercial loans while maintaining a stable residential loan portfolio. While commercial loans inherently carry more risk, the Company has dedicated significant resources in the credit administration department to mitigate the additional risk. The opportunities for growth continue to be primarily in the Central Vermont market, where economic activity is more robust than in the Company’s Orleans and Caledonia county markets, and where the Company is increasing its presence and market share. The Company opened a loan production office in Chittenden County, Vermont’s most populous county and economic hub, during the first quarter of 2017, which should further drive commercial loan activity.
Interest income increased $566,067, or 9.1%, for the third quarter of 2017 compared to the same quarter in 2016, and $1,385,663, or 7.7%, for the first nine months of 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. Interest expense increased $104,449, or 15.1%, for the third quarter of 2017 compared to the same quarter in 2016, and $248,105, or 12.2%, for the first nine months of 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. The increase in interest income year over year reflects the higher balances in net loans, which exceeded the prior year by $35.6 million, or 7.7%. While the increases in interest income in both comparison periods are largely due to the increase in the asset base, the increase in short-term rates is starting to have an impact as well, as is reflected in interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2017 when compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016. The increase in interest paid on deposits during the first three months and nine months of 2017 is partially attributable to a higher utilization of brokered time deposits, which carry higher rates than core non-maturity deposits, as well as to increases in the volume of all categories of interest-bearing deposits. The increases in the federal funds rate have also impacted interest expense on borrowed funds and the Company’s junior subordinated debentures.
32
Net interest income after the provision for loan losses improved by $461,618, or 8.5%, for the third quarter of 2017 compared to the same quarter in 2016, and $1,087,558, or 7.0%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. The charge to income for the provision for loan losses increased $50,000, or 12.5%, for the nine month comparison period due to a combination of a low level of losses in the first quarter of 2016 and the increase in the loan portfolio, year over year. Please refer to the Allowance for loan losses and provisions discussion in the Credit Risk section for more information.
Net income for the third quarter of 2017 was $1,792,949, an increase of $277,049, or 18.3%, over net income of $1,515,900 for the third quarter of 2016. Net income for the first nine months of 2017 was $4,706,679, an increase of $726,086, or 18.2%, over net income of $3,980,593 for the same period in 2016. As stated above, net interest income contributed significantly to the Company’s increase in earnings. A decrease in non-interest income of $34,273, or 2.3%, for the quarter and an increase of $161,126, or 4.0% year to date are noted, while total non-interest expense increased in both periods by $51,613, or 1.1%, for the quarter and $317,829, or 2.3%, year to date. The decrease in non-interest income for the third quarter of 2017 is attributable, in part, to activity associated with the Bank’s Supplemental Employee Retirement Program (SERP). While income was reported from fair market value adjustments of SERP assets in 2016, the Company reported a net loss on the liquidation of the SERP assets during the third quarter of 2017 following the final payout to the last retired participant. The increase in non-interest income year to date is attributable mostly to the courtesy overdraft program implemented in the third quarter of 2016. With the increase in market rates, the opportunity for refinancing has diminished and the mortgage business is primarily from new purchase financing, resulting in lower levels of residential mortgage lending activity in 2017 compared to 2016. Residential mortgage originations totaled $34,486,938 for the first nine months of 2017 compared to $35,257,580 for the same period of 2016, which is also reflected in the decrease in the Company’s loan fee income. Of those originations during the first nine months of 2017, secondary market sales totaled $10,912,354, compared to $18,296,608 for the first nine months of 2016, providing points and premiums from the sales of these mortgages of $250,826 and $351,824, respectively, a decrease of 28.7%.
The increases in non-interest expenses are mostly attributable to increases in occupancy expense, marketing expense and expenditures related to technology initiatives. Please refer to the Non-interest Income and Expense sections for more information.
On September 22, 2017, the Company's Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.17 per common share, payable on November 1, 2017 to shareholders of record on October 15, 2017. This represents an increase in the quarterly dividend of $0.01 per share, compared to 2016 and is attributable to the Bank’s strong performance in 2016, demonstrating the confidence of the Board of Directors and management team in the Company’s ability to generate shareholder value. The Company is focused on increasing the profitability of the balance sheet, and prudently managing operating expenses and risk, particularly credit risk, in order to remain a well-capitalized bank in this challenging interest rate environment.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The Company’s significant accounting policies are fundamental to understanding the Company’s results of operations and financial condition because they require management to use estimates and assumptions that may affect the value of the Company’s assets or liabilities and financial results. These policies are considered by management to be critical because they require subjective and complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain and because it is likely that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions. The Company’s critical accounting policies govern:
the allowance for loan losses (ALL);
other real estate owned (OREO);
valuation of residential mortgage servicing rights (MSRs);
other than temporary impairment of investment securities; and
the carrying value of goodwill.
These policies are described further in the Company’s 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policies” and in Note 1 (Significant Accounting Policies) to the audited consolidated financial statements. Except for certain changes in the Company’s methodology for calculating the ALL, which were adopted during the second quarter of 2017 and which are described below in the Credit Risk section of this MD&A, and in Note 5 (Loans, Allowance for Loan Losses and Credit Quality), there were no material changes during the first nine months of 2017 in the Company’s critical accounting policies.
33
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Net income for the third quarter of 2017 was $1,792,949 or $0.35 per common share, compared to $1,515,900 or $0.30 per common share for the same quarter of 2016, and net income for the first nine months of 2017 was $4,706,679 or $0.91 per common share, compared to $3,980,593 or $0.78 per common share for the same period in 2016. Core earnings (net interest income) for the third quarter of 2017 increased $461,618, or 8.3% compared to the same quarter in 2016 and $1,137,558, or 7.1%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the prior year. In light of the continued pressure on net interest margin and spread in this flat yield curve environment, the Company is pleased with these increases. To help offset this pressure, the Company has focused on growing the commercial loan portfolio, and shifting a portion of the investment portfolio to higher yielding Small Business Administration securities (SBA) and agency mortgage-backed securities (Agency MBS) within its available-for-sale (AFS) portfolio. FDIC insured Certificates of Deposit have also been an attractive investment class that have seen increased volume. Compared to the same period last year, during the first nine months of 2017, the loan mix continued to shift in favor of higher yielding commercial loans, while the deposit mix experienced an increase in lower cost non-maturity deposits, both of which have benefitted the Company’s net interest income. Interest paid on deposits, which is the major component of total interest expense, increased $124,364, or 24.7%, for the third quarter of 2017 compared to the same quarter of 2016, and $204,967, or 13.4%, in the first nine months of 2017 compared to the same period of 2016, reflecting the increased deposit balances and increases in rates on wholesale funds and brokered deposits. The Company recorded a provision for loan losses of $150,000 for the third quarters of 2017 and 2016, and nine month provisions for loan losses of $450,000 and $400,000, respectively. Non-interest income decreased $34,273, or 2.3%, for the third quarter of 2017 compared to the same quarter of 2016 and increased $161,126, or 4.0%, for the first nine months of 2017 compared to 2016. Non-interest expense increased $51,613, or 1.1%, for the third quarter of 2017 compared to the same quarter of 2016 and $317,829, or 2.3%, for the first nine months of 2017 compared to the prior year. The section labeled Non-Interest Income and Non-Interest Expense provides a more detailed discussion on the significant components of these items.
Return on average assets, which is net income divided by average total assets, measures how effectively a corporation uses its assets to produce earnings. Return on average equity, which is net income divided by average shareholders' equity, measures how effectively a corporation uses its equity capital to produce earnings.
The following table shows these ratios annualized for the comparison periods.
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
Return on Average Assets
  1.09%
  0.99%
Return on Average Equity
  12.53%
  11.29%
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
Return on Average Assets
  0.98%
  0.89%
Return on Average Equity
  11.29%
  10.08%
34
The following table summarizes the earnings performance and certain balance sheet data of the Company for the periods presented.
 
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA (Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30,
 
 
December 31,
 
 
September 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
2016
 
Balance Sheet Data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loans
 $500,930,258 
 $482,280,911 
 $465,319,495 
Total assets
  661,539,071 
  637,653,665 
  605,790,430 
Total deposits
  556,752,320 
  504,735,032 
  503,806,906 
Borrowed funds
  3,550,000 
  31,550,000 
  5,795,000 
Total liabilities
  604,318,331 
  583,202,148 
  551,946,796 
Total shareholders' equity
  57,220,740 
  54,451,517 
  53,843,634 
 
    
    
    
Book value per common share outstanding
 $10.73 
 $10.27 
 $10.18 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
Operating Data
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total interest income
 $19,421,393 
 $18,035,730 
Total interest expense
  2,280,105 
  2,032,000 
     Net interest income
  17,141,288 
  16,003,730 
 
    
    
Provision for loan losses
  450,000 
  400,000 
     Net interest income after provision for loan losses
  16,691,288 
  15,603,730 
 
    
    
Non-interest income
  4,201,196 
  4,040,070 
Non-interest expense
  14,465,802 
  14,147,973 
     Income before income taxes
  6,426,682 
  5,495,827 
Applicable income tax expense(1)
  1,720,003 
  1,515,234 
 
    
    
     Net Income
 $4,706,679 
 $3,980,593 
 
    
    
Per Common Share Data
    
    
Earnings per common share (2)
 $0.91 
 $0.78 
Dividends declared per common share
 $0.51 
 $0.48 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding
  5,077,473 
  5,016,191 
Number of common shares outstanding, period end
  5,100,675 
  5,042,989 
(1) Applicable income tax expense assumes a 34% tax rate.
(2) Computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the periods presented.
35
INTEREST INCOME VERSUS INTEREST EXPENSE (NET INTEREST INCOME)
The largest component of the Company’s operating income is net interest income, which is the difference between interest earned on loans and investments and the interest paid on deposits and other sources of funds (i.e. other borrowings). The Company’s level of net interest income can fluctuate over time due to changes in the level and mix of earning assets and sources of funds (volume), and from changes in the yield earned and costs of funds (rate). A portion of the Company’s income from municipal investments is not subject to income taxes. Because the proportion of tax-exempt items in the Company's portfolio varies from year-to-year, to improve comparability of information, the non-taxable income shown in the tables below has been converted to a tax equivalent basis. Because the Company’s corporate tax rate is 34%, to equalize tax-free and taxable income in the comparison, we divide the tax-free income by 66%, with the result that every tax-free dollar is equivalent to $1.52 in taxable income.
The Company’s tax-exempt interest income of $332,102 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and $992,831 for the first nine months of 2017, compared to $339,999 and $942,246, respectively, for the same periods last year, was derived from municipal investments, which comprised the entire held-to-maturity (HTM) portfolio of $53,882,287 at September 30, 2017, and $56,837,100 at September 30, 2016.
The following table shows the reconciliation between reported net interest income and tax equivalent, net interest income for the comparison periods presented.
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income as presented
 $6,023,973 
 $5,562,355 
Effect of tax-exempt income
  171,083 
  175,151 
   Net interest income, tax equivalent
 $6,195,056 
 $5,737,506 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income as presented
 $17,141,288 
 $16,003,730 
Effect of tax-exempt income
  511,458 
  485,399 
   Net interest income, tax equivalent
 $17,652,746 
 $16,489,129 
36
The following tables present average interest-earning assets and average interest-bearing liabilities supporting earning assets. Interest income (excluding interest on non-accrual loans) and interest expense are both expressed on a tax equivalent basis, both in dollars and as a rate/yield for the comparison periods presented.
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
 
 
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
 
 
 Average
 
 
Income/
 
 
Rate/
 
 
 Average
 
 
Income/
 
 
Rate/
 
 
 
Balance
 
 
Expense
 
 
Yield
 
 
Balance
 
 
Expense
 
 
Yield
 
Interest-Earning Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Loans (1)
 $506,853,347 
 $6,244,899 
  4.89%
 $476,137,513 
 $5,732,855 
  4.79%
 Taxable investment securities
  35,519,175 
  171,880 
  1.92%
  27,393,741 
  128,767 
  1.87%
 Tax-exempt investment securities
  49,608,712 
  503,185 
  4.02%
  55,195,067 
  515,150 
  3.71%
 Sweep and interest-earning accounts
  10,355,461 
  29,964 
  1.15%
  2,591,082 
  3,048 
  0.47%
 Other investments (2)
  2,195,121 
  41,320 
  7.47%
  3,176,788 
  49,429 
  6.19%
 
 $604,531,816 
 $6,991,248 
  4.59%
 $564,494,191 
 $6,429,249 
  4.53%
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
Interest-Bearing Liabilities
    
    
    
    
    
    
 Interest-bearing transaction accounts
 $115,801,161 
 $91,951 
  0.32%
 $107,853,436 
 $51,580 
  0.19%
 Money market accounts
  84,791,867 
  187,889 
  0.88%
  81,796,244 
  209,212 
  1.02%
 Savings deposits
  99,061,882 
  32,277 
  0.13%
  88,078,948 
  27,216 
  0.12%
 Time deposits
  133,068,701 
  316,417 
  0.94%
  105,959,177 
  216,162 
  0.81%
 Borrowed funds
  4,535,815 
  3,644 
  0.32%
  31,398,913 
  42,412 
  0.54%
 Repurchase agreements
  27,263,645 
  20,564 
  0.30%
  25,387,081 
  18,820 
  0.29%
 Capital lease obligations
  418,393 
  8,569 
  8.19%
  501,328 
  10,992 
  8.77%
 Junior subordinated debentures
  12,887,000 
  134,881 
  4.15%
  12,887,000 
  115,349 
  3.56%
 
 $477,828,464 
 $796,192 
  0.66%
 $453,862,127 
 $691,743 
  0.61%
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
Net interest income
    
 $6,195,056 
    
    
 $5,737,506 
    
Net interest spread (3)
    
    
  3.93%
    
    
  3.92%
Net interest margin (4)
    
    
  4.07%
    
    
  4.04%
(1) Included in gross loans are non-accrual loans with an average balance of $2,596,724 and $2,958,744 for the three
      months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Loans are stated before deduction of unearned discount
      and allowance for loan losses, less loans held-for-sale.
(2) Included in other investments is the Company’s FHLBB Stock with an average balance of $1,219,971 and $2,201,638
      for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and a dividend rate of approximately
      4.22% and 3.65%, respectively, per quarter.
(3) Net interest spread is the difference between the average yield on average interest-earning assets and the average
      rate paid on average interest-bearing liabilities.
(4) Net interest margin is net interest income divided by average earning assets.
37
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
 
 
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
 
 
 Average
 
 
Income/
 
 
Rate/
 
 
 Average
 
 
Income/
 
 
Rate/
 
 
 
Balance
 
 
Expense
 
 
Yield
 
 
Balance
 
 
Expense
 
 
Yield
 
Interest-Earning Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Loans (1)
 $495,170,740 
 $17,737,531 
  4.79%
 $465,314,118 
 $16,582,276 
  4.76%
 Taxable investment securities
  35,001,161 
  488,250 
  1.87%
  29,210,491 
  384,413 
  1.76%
 Tax-exempt investment securities
  51,924,841 
  1,504,289 
  3.87%
  50,577,436 
  1,427,645 
  3.77%
 Sweep and interest-earning accounts
  11,938,565 
  84,802 
  0.95%
  5,225,968 
  18,654 
  0.48%
 Other investments (2)
  2,545,091 
  117,979 
  6.20%
  2,766,541 
  108,141 
  5.22%
 
 $596,580,398 
 $19,932,851 
  4.47%
 $553,094,554 
 $18,521,129 
  4.47%
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
Interest-Bearing Liabilities
    
    
    
    
    
    
 Interest-bearing transaction accounts
 $116,594,941 
 $216,227 
  0.25%
 $111,223,384 
 $155,413 
  0.19%
 Money market accounts
  85,819,418 
  595,162 
  0.93%
  84,974,840 
  637,818 
  1.00%
 Savings deposits
  96,382,338 
  91,597 
  0.13%
  85,668,159 
  79,225 
  0.12%
 Time deposits
  125,015,108 
  831,446 
  0.89%
  107,919,364 
  657,009 
  0.81%
 Borrowed funds
  12,140,165 
  65,311 
  0.72%
  18,588,663 
  74,046 
  0.53%
 Repurchase agreements
  28,768,193 
  64,326 
  0.30%
  25,393,136 
  56,125 
  0.30%
 Capital lease obligations
  442,977 
  27,181 
  8.18%
  522,708 
  32,761 
  8.36%
 Junior subordinated debentures
  12,887,000 
  388,855 
  4.03%
  12,887,000 
  339,603 
  3.52%
 
 $478,050,140 
 $2,280,105 
  0.64%
 $447,177,254 
 $2,032,000 
  0.61%
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
Net interest income
    
 $17,652,746 
    
    
 $16,489,129 
    
Net interest spread (3)
    
    
  3.83%
    
    
  3.86%
Net interest margin (4)
    
    
  3.96%
    
    
  3.98%
(1) Included in gross loans are non-accrual loans with an average balance of $2,565,181 and $3,384,345 for the nine
      months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Loans are stated before deduction of unearned discount
      and allowance for loan losses, less loans held-for-sale.
(2) Included in other investments is the Company’s FHLBB Stock with average balances of $1,569,941 and $1,791,391
      respectively, and a dividend rate of approximately 4.19% and 4.84%, respectively, for the first nine months of
      2017 and 2016, respectively.
(3) Net interest spread is the difference between the average yield on average interest-earning assets and the average
       rate paid on average interest-bearing liabilities.
(4) Net interest margin is net interest income divided by average earning assets.
38
The average volume of interest-earning assets for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 increased 7.1% and 7.9%, respectively, compared to the same periods last year. Average yield on interest-earning assets for the third quarter increased six basis points, to 4.59%, compared to 4.53% for the same period last year, and remained unchanged at 4.47% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the same period last year.
The average volume of loans increased over the three- and nine-month comparison periods of 2017 versus 2016, by 6.5% and 6.4%, respectively, while the average yield on loans increased 10 basis points for the third quarter, to 4.89%, compared to 4.79% for the third quarter of 2016, and increased three basis points for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, to 4.79% compared to 4.76% for the same period in 2016. These increases were due to a combination of the steadily increasing federal funds rate over the periods noted, and a shift in asset mix toward commercial loans; however, this has been partially offset by continued pressure on medium term (5-10 year) fixed rates. Interest earned on the loan portfolio as a percentage of total interest income increased slightly for the third quarter and decreased slightly for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2017, comprising approximately 89.3% and 89.0% of total interest income in the two periods respectively, versus 89.2% and 89.5%, respectively, for the same periods last year.
The average volume of the taxable investment portfolio (classified as available-for-sale) increased 29.7% during the third quarter of 2017 and 19.8% year to date, compared to the same periods last year. Average yields on the taxable investment portfolio increased five basis points and 11 basis points, for the third quarter of 2017 and year to date, respectively, compared to the same periods last year. These increases are due primarily to an effort to continue to incrementally grow the investment portfolio as the balance sheet grows in order to provide additional liquidity and pledge quality assets.  The average volume of the tax exempt portfolio (classified as held-to-maturity and consisting of municipal securities) decreased 10.1% during the third quarter of 2017 and increased 2.7% year to date, compared to the same periods last year. The average tax-equivalent yield on the tax exempt portfolio increased 31 basis points during the third quarter of 2017 and increased 10 basis points for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2017, compared to the same periods last year, reflecting the increases in short term market rates.
The average volume of sweep and interest-earning accounts, which consists primarily of an interest-bearing account at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston (FRBB) and two correspondent banks, increased 299.7% during the three-month period and 128.5% during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same periods last year, and the average yield on these funds increased 68 basis points and 47 basis points, respectively. This increase in volume is attributable to a higher balance of cash periodically held on hand in anticipation of funding loan growth and other liquidity needs.
The average volume of interest-bearing liabilities for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 increased 5.4% and 6.9%, respectively, compared to the same periods last year. The average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities increased five basis points during the third quarter of 2017 and three basis points during the first nine months of 2017, compared to the same periods last year.
The average volume of interest-bearing transaction accounts increased 7.4% and 4.8%, respectively, during the third quarter and first nine months of 2017, compared to the same periods last year, and the average rate paid on these accounts increased 13 basis points and six basis points, respectively. The average volume of money market accounts increased 3.7% during the three-month period ended September 30, 2017, and 1.0% during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2017, compared to the same periods in 2016, and the average rate paid on these deposits decreased 14 basis points during the third quarter of 2017 and seven basis points in the year to date comparison periods. The average volume of savings accounts increased by 12.5% for the three-month and nine-month comparison periods of 2017 versus 2016, partially due to several escrow accounts for deposits held for the future purchase of properties in the Stowe area which account for approximately half of the increase. Some of the increase is due in part to the continued shift in product mix from retail time deposits to savings accounts as consumers anticipate higher rates in the near future. Compared to the same periods in 2016, the average volume of retail time deposits increased 0.6% during the third quarter, and decreased 0.4% year to date 2017, while the average volume of wholesale time deposits increased during both the three- and nine-month comparison periods in 2017. With the recent increases in short term rates, there has been modest pressure for higher rates from the more rate sensitive deposit holders. Otherwise, the local market is not yet showing any signs of higher rates being paid on deposit products. Wholesale time deposits have been an increasingly beneficial source of funding throughout 2016 and into 2017 as they have provided large blocks of funding without the need to disrupt pricing in the Company’s local markets. These funds can be obtained relatively quickly on an as-needed basis, making them a valuable alternative to traditional term borrowings from the FHLBB.
39
The average volume of borrowed funds decreased 85.6% and 34.7%, respectively, for the three-month and nine-month comparison periods of 2017 versus 2016. The average rate paid on these accounts decreased 22 basis points for the three month period and increased 19 basis points for the nine month period as compared to 2016. The average volume of repurchase agreements increased 7.4% and 13.3%, respectively, for three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017, compared to the same periods in 2016, while the average rate paid on repurchase agreements increased one basis point during the three-month period ended September 30, 2017, but remained flat for the first nine months of 2017, compared to the same periods in 2016.
For the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the average yield on interest-earning assets increased six basis points, while the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities increased five basis points. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the average yield on interest-earning assets remained flat, while the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities increased three basis points. Net interest spread for the third quarter of 2017 was 3.93%, an increase of one basis point from 3.92% for the same period in 2016, and fell three basis points for the first nine months of 2017 to 3.83%, from 3.86% for the same period last year. Net interest margin increased three basis points during the third quarter of 2017 to 4.07%, compared to 4.04% for the third quarter of 2016, and decreased two basis points during the first nine months of 2017 compared to the same period last year.
The following table summarizes the variances in interest income and interest expense on a fully tax-equivalent basis for the periods presented for 2017 and 2016 resulting from volume changes in average assets and average liabilities and fluctuations in average rates earned and paid.
 
Changes in Interest Income and Interest Expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
Variance
 
 
Variance
 
 
 
 
 
Variance
 
 
Variance
 
 
 
 
 
 
Due to
 
 
Due to
 
 
Total
 
 
Due to
 
 
Due to
 
 
Total
 
 
 
Rate (1)
 
 
Volume (1)
 
 
Variance
 
 
Rate (1)
 
 
Volume (1)
 
 
Variance
 
Average Interest-Earning Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Loans
 $142,212 
 $369,832 
 $512,044 
 $91,315 
 $1,063,940 
 $1,155,255 
 Taxable investment securities
  4,919 
  38,194 
  43,113 
  27,539 
  76,298 
  103,837 
 Tax-exempt investment securities
  44,639 
  (56,604)
  (11,965)
  38,616 
  38,028 
  76,644 
 Sweep and interest-earning accounts
  17,743 
  9,173 
  26,916 
  42,027 
  24,121 
  66,148 
 Other investments
  10,374 
  (18,483)
  (8,109)
  20,107 
  (10,269)
  9,838 
 
 $219,887 
 $342,112 
 $561,999 
 $219,604 
 $1,192,118 
 $1,411,722 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
Average Interest-Bearing Liabilities
    
    
    
    
    
    
 Interest-bearing transaction accounts
 $36,575 
 $3,796 
 $40,371 
 $53,173 
 $7,641 
 $60,814 
 Money market accounts
  (29,004)
  7,681 
  (21,323)
  (48,979)
  6,323 
  (42,656)
 Savings deposits
  1,748 
  3,313 
  5,061 
  2,747 
  9,625 
  12,372 
 Time deposits
  45,058 
  55,197 
  100,255 
  70,770 
  103,667 
  174,437 
 Borrowed funds
  (17,101)
  (21,667)
  (38,768)
  25,991 
  (34,726)
  (8,735)
 Repurchase agreements
  376 
  1,368 
  1,744 
  621 
  7,580 
  8,201 
 Capital lease obligations
  (711)
  (1,712)
  (2,423)
  (702)
  (4,878)
  (5,580)
 Junior subordinated debentures
  19,532 
  0 
  19,532 
  49,252 
  0 
  49,252 
 
 $56,473 
 $47,976 
 $104,449 
 $152,873 
 $95,232 
 $248,105 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
       Changes in net interest income
 $163,414 
 $294,136 
 $457,550 
 $66,731 
 $1,096,886 
 $1,163,617 
(1) Items which have shown a year-to-year increase in volume have variances allocated as follows:
          Variance due to rate = Change in rate x new volume
          Variance due to volume = Change in volume x old rate
     Items which have shown a year-to-year decrease in volume have variances allocated as follows:
          Variance due to rate = Change in rate x old volume
          Variances due to volume = Change in volume x new rate
40
NON-INTEREST INCOME AND NON-INTEREST EXPENSE
Non-interest Income
The components of non-interest income for the periods presented are as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30,
 
 
Change
 
 
September 30,
 
 
Change
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
Income
 
 
Percent
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
Income
 
 
Percent
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service fees
 $773,419 
 $719,341 
 $54,078 
  7.52%
 $2,293,773 
 $1,992,560 
 $301,213 
  15.12%
Income from sold loans
  185,844 
  230,623 
  (44,779)
  -19.42%
  560,210 
  683,114 
  (122,904)
  -17.99%
Other income from loans
  222,026 
  209,882 
  12,144 
  5.79%
  616,931 
  616,473 
  458 
  0.07%
Net realized gain on sale of
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
 securities available-for-sale
  1,246 
  0 
  1,246 
  100.00%
  4,647 
  0 
  4,647 
  100.00%
Income from CFSG Partners
  116,059 
  143,095 
  (27,036)
  -18.89%
  314,573 
  326,676 
  (12,103)
  -3.70%
Currency exchange income
  22,000 
  27,000 
  (5,000)
  -18.52%
  66,500 
  78,500 
  (12,000)
  -15.29%
SERP fair value adjustment
  (2,179)
  32,352 
  (34,531)
  -106.74%
  45,312 
  46,758 
  (1,446)
  -3.09%
Other income
  130,832 
  121,227 
  9,605 
  7.92%
  299,250 
  295,989 
  3,261 
  1.10%
     Total non-interest income
 $1,449,247 
 $1,483,520 
 $(34,273)
  -2.31%
 $4,201,196 
 $4,040,070 
 $161,126 
  3.99%
Total non-interest income decreased $34,273, or 2.3%, for the third quarter of 2017 and increased $161,126, or 4.0%, for the first nine months of 2017 versus the same periods in 2016, with significant changes noted in the following:
Service fees on deposit accounts increased $54,078, or 7.5%, for the third quarter and $301,213, or 15.1%, year over year due primarily to the implementation of the Bank’s new courtesy overdraft protection program at the beginning of the third quarter in 2016, which provided an increase in overdraft fees of $39,327, or 15.6% and $264,731, or 43.4%, compared to the third quarter and first nine months of 2016, respectively.
Income from sold loans decreased $44,779, or 19.4%, for the third quarter and $122,904, or 18.0%, year over year, due to a decrease in the volume of secondary market sales year over year, resulting from the increase in market rates as mentioned in the Overview and the diminishing volume of residential mortgage loan refinancings following a long period of low rates.
Income from CFSG Partners decreased $27,036, or 18.9%, for the third quarter and $12,103, or 3.7%, year over year. The decrease for the third quarter and year over year reflects a one-time mark-to-market adjustment to CFSG Partners’ investment portfolio during the third quarter of 2016 of approximately $85,000, partially offset by an increase in income of $57,964 for the quarter and $72,897 year over year.
Currency exchange income decreased $5,000, or 18.5% when comparing the third quarter 2017 to 2016 and decreased $12,000, or 15.3%, year over year due to fluctuations in the currency rates as the U.S. dollar strengthened in relation to the Canadian dollar.
SERP fair value adjustment decreased $34,531, or 106.7%, for the third quarter and $1,446, or 3.09%, year over year. The final payment of SERP benefits to the last participant was made on July 1, 2017 and the related asset was liquidated shortly thereafter. A net loss of $2,179 was recognized in the third quarter of 2017 for the change in fair value of the assets during the quarter. There will no longer be an impact to earnings from this line item in future periods.
41
Non-interest Expense
The components of non-interest expense for the periods presented are as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30,
 
 
Change
 
 
September 30,
 
 
Change
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
Expense
 
 
Percent
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
Expense
 
 
Percent
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salaries and wages
 $1,653,751 
 $1,725,000 
 $(71,249)
  -4.13%
 $5,068,626 
 $5,175,000 
 $(106,374)
  -2.06%
Employee benefits
  682,944 
  679,762 
  3,182 
  0.47%
  2,016,923 
  2,049,926 
  (33,003)
  -1.61%
Occupancy expenses, net
  614,817 
  605,378 
  9,439 
  1.56%
  1,963,543 
  1,857,482 
  106,061 
  5.71%
Other expenses
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  Computer outsourcing
  130,938 
  128,910 
  2,028 
  1.57%
  408,044 
  376,885 
  31,159 
  8.27%
  Service contracts - administrative
  116,863 
  106,747 
  10,116 
  9.48%
  313,526 
  292,663 
  20,863 
  7.13%
   Marketing expense
  135,498 
  98,339 
  37,159 
  37.79%
  382,996 
  283,139 
  99,857 
  35.27%
   Consultant services
  61,113 
  51,833 
  9,280 
  17.90%
  162,935 
  116,293 
  46,642 
  40.11%
  Collection & non-accruing loan
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    expense
  15,455 
  46,500 
  (31,045)
  -66.76%
  36,165 
  84,500 
  (48,335)
  -57.20%
  Miscellaneous computer expense
  54,010 
  28,383 
  25,627 
  90.29%
  110,822 
  54,246 
  56,576 
  104.30%
  OREO expense
  5,240 
  5,498 
  (258)
  -4.69%
  18,044 
  37,467 
  (19,423)
  -51.84%
  Other miscellaneous expenses
  1,371,487 
  1,314,153 
  57,334 
  4.36%
  3,984,178 
  3,820,372 
  163,806 
  4.29%
     Total non-interest expense
 $4,842,116 
 $4,790,503 
 $51,613 
  1.08%
 $14,465,802 
 $14,147,973 
 $317,829 
  2.25%
Total non-interest expense increased $51,613, or 1.1%, for the third quarter of 2017 and $317,829, or 2.3%, for the first nine months of 2017 compared to the same periods in 2016 with significant changes noted in the following:
Salaries and wages decreased $71,249, or 4.1%, for the third quarter and $106,374, or 2.1%, year over year, due primarily to the retirement of an executive employee that was partially offset by a new hire in information technology and normal salary increases.
Occupancy expenses increased $9,439, or 1.6% for the third quarter and $106,061, or 5.7%, year over year, due in part to the fact that the region experienced a shift to more seasonable winter conditions compared to the past few years causing an increase in heating costs and maintenance costs for snow removal. The Company has also seen a higher level of repairs and service to HVAC and sprinkler systems and expenses for general maintenance and repair of branch premises. Also contributing to the increase in occupancy expense is the cost of the lease on the Burlington loan production office that opened in the first quarter of 2017 in the amount of $25,425 for the first nine months of 2017.
Computer outsourcing increased $2,028, or 1.6%, for the third quarter and $31,159, or 8.3%, year over year due in part to an increase in purchased electronic technology services from the Company’s core vendor, particularly in the area of electronic and mobile banking.
Marketing expense increased $37,159, or 37.8%, for the third quarter and $99,857, or 35.3%, year over year, due to the Company’s strategic decision to enhance marketing efforts, including a shift to television ads from paper and radio, in the 2017 calendar year.
Consultant services increased $9,280, or 17.9%, for the third quarter and $46,642, or 40.1%, year over year partly due to a contract with a consultant for technology related projects.
Collection & non-accruing loan expense decreased $31,045, or 66.8%, for the third quarter and $48,335, or 57.2% year over year. The variance in both comparison periods is due primarily to non-recurring recovery of expenses of approximately $28,000 in the third quarter and $30,000 in the first quarter of 2017.
Miscellaneous computer expense increased $25,627, or 90.3%, for the third quarter and $56,576, or 104.3%, year over year, partly due to an upgrade of the devices used for board and management reporting which has eliminated the use and distribution of paper reports. As the cost of some technology decreases, individual items are below the depreciable threshold and become a direct expense.
42
OREO expense decreased $258, or 4.7% for the third quarter and $19,423, or 51.8%, year over year. During the second quarter of 2016, a $26,000 write-down was taken on an OREO property, although it was offset by approximately $15,000 in condominium association fees recouped on a former OREO property in the first quarter, the net effect contributed to higher OREO expense in 2016 compared to 2017.
APPLICABLE INCOME TAXES
The provision for income taxes increased $98,683, or 16.7%, to $688,155 for the third quarter of 2017 compared to $589,472 for the same period in 2016 and $204,769, or 13.5%, to $1,720,003 for the first nine months of 2017 compared to $1,515,234 for the first nine months of 2016. These increases are due primarily to an increase in income before taxes of $375,732, or 17.9%, for the third quarter of 2017 compared to the same quarter in 2016, and an increase of $930,855, or 16.9%, for the first nine months of 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. Tax credits related to limited partnerships amounted to $106,599 and $98,475, respectively, for the third quarter of 2017 and 2016, and $319,797 and $295,425 for the first nine months of 2017 and 2016.
Amortization expense related to limited partnership investments is included as a component of income tax expense and amounted to $105,414 and $102,006, respectively, for the third quarter of 2017 and 2016, and $316,242 and $306,018 for the first nine months of 2017 and 2016, respectively. These investments provide tax benefits, including tax credits, and are designed to provide an effective yield of between 8% and 10%.
CHANGES IN FINANCIAL CONDITION
The following table reflects the composition of the Company's major categories of assets and liabilities as a percentage of total assets or liabilities and shareholders’ equity, as the case may be, as of the dates indicated:
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
September 30, 2016
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Loans
 $506,048,119 
  76.50%
 $487,249,226 
  76.41%
 $470,186,895 
  77.62%
 Securities available-for-sale
  36,719,673 
  5.55%
  33,715,051 
  5.29%
  29,412,216 
  4.86%
 Securities held-to-maturity
  53,882,287 
  8.14%
  49,886,631 
  7.82%
  56,837,100 
  9.38%
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
Liabilities
    
    
    
    
    
    
 Demand deposits
  115,930,899 
  17.52%
  104,472,268 
  16.38%
  101,259,470 
  16.72%
 Interest-bearing transaction accounts
  127,426,517 
  19.26%
  118,053,360 
  18.51%
  119,981,648 
  19.81%
 Money market accounts
  85,947,545 
  12.99%
  79,042,619 
  12.40%
  76,976,376 
  12.71%
 Savings deposits
  99,439,616 
  15.03%
  86,776,856 
  13.61%
  91,274,380 
  15.07%
 Time deposits
  128,007,743 
  19.35%
  116,389,929 
  18.25%
  114,315,032 
  18.87%
 Borrowed Funds
  0 
  0.00%
  0 
  0.00%
  5,245,000 
  0.87%
 Short-term advances
  0 
  0.00%
  30,000,000 
  4.70%
  0 
  0.00%
 Long-term advances
  3,550,000 
  0.54%
  1,550,000 
  0.24%
  550,000 
  0.09%
The Company's total loan portfolio at September 30, 2017 increased $18,798,893, or 3.9%, from December 31, 2016 and $35,861,224, or 7.6%, year over year. Securities available-for-sale (AFS) increased $3,004,622 or 8.9%, year to date, and $7,307,457, or 24.8%, year over year. Securities held-to-maturity increased $3,995,656 or 8.0%, year to date, and decreased $2,954,813, or 5.2%, year over year. Held-to-maturity securities are made up of investments from the Company’s municipal customers in its service areas. While the Company has used maturing securities to fund loan growth in recent periods, the liquidity provided by these investments is very important. As a result, the AFS portfolio has been expanding in recent periods to keep the Company’s on-balance-sheet liquidity proportional to the overall asset base.
Total deposits increased $52,017,288, or 10.3%, from December 31, 2016 to September 30, 2017, and an increase of $52,945,414, or 10.5%, is noted year over year. Demand deposits increased $11,458,631, or 11.0%, year to date and $14,671,429, or 14.5%, year over year, split between growth in business checking ($13.5 million, or 21.8%) and consumer checking ($1.2 million, or 3.1%). The Company is seeing growth in the business customer base and improvements in financial health of existing business customers. Money market accounts increased $6,904,926, or 8.7%, year to date, and $8,971,169, or 11.7% year over year. Savings deposits increased significantly in both periods, with increases of $12,662,760, or 14.6%, year to date and $8,165,236, or 9.0%, year over year. As mentioned earlier, this is partially due to multiple construction escrow accounts. Time deposits increased $11,617,814, or 10.0%, year to date and $13,692,711, or 12.0%, year over year, which is entirely attributable to an increase in wholesale purchased time deposits. There were no overnight purchases and short-term advances from the FHLBB at September 30, 2017, $30,000,000 at December 31, 2016 and $5,245,000 at September 30, 2016. In addition, there were outstanding long-term advances from the FHLBB of $3,550,000 at September 30, 2017, $1,550,000 at December 31, 2016, and $550,000 at September 30, 2016.
43
Interest Rate Risk and Asset and Liability Management - Management actively monitors and manages the Company’s interest rate risk exposure and attempts to structure the balance sheet to maximize net interest income while controlling its exposure to interest rate risk. The Company's Asset/Liability Management Committee (ALCO) is made up of the Executive Officers and certain Vice Presidents of the Bank representing major business lines. The ALCO formulates strategies to manage interest rate risk by evaluating the impact on earnings and capital of such factors as current interest rate forecasts and economic indicators, potential changes in such forecasts and indicators, liquidity and various business strategies. The ALCO meets at least quarterly to review financial statements, liquidity levels, yields and spreads to better understand, measure, monitor and control the Company’s interest rate risk. In the ALCO process, the committee members apply policy limits set forth in the Asset Liability, Liquidity and Investment policies approved and periodically reviewed by the Company’s Board of Directors. The ALCO's methods for evaluating interest rate risk include an analysis of the effects of interest rate changes on net interest income and an analysis of the Company's interest rate sensitivity "gap", which provides a static analysis of the maturity and repricing characteristics of the entire balance sheet. The ALCO Policy also includes a contingency funding plan to help management prepare for unforeseen liquidity restrictions, including hypothetical severe liquidity crises.
Interest rate risk represents the sensitivity of earnings to changes in market interest rates. As interest rates change, the interest income and expense streams associated with the Company’s financial instruments also change, thereby impacting net interest income (NII), the primary component of the Company’s earnings. Fluctuations in interest rates can also have an impact on liquidity. The ALCO uses an outside consultant to perform rate shock simulations to the Company's net interest income, as well as a variety of other analyses. It is the ALCO’s function to provide the assumptions used in the modeling process. Assumptions used in prior period simulation models are regularly tested by comparing projected NII with actual NII. The ALCO utilizes the results of the simulation model to quantify the estimated exposure of NII and liquidity to sustained interest rate changes. The simulation model captures the impact of changing interest rates on the interest income received and interest expense paid on all interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities reflected on the Company’s balance sheet. The model also simulates the balance sheet’s sensitivity to a prolonged flat rate environment. All rate scenarios are simulated assuming a parallel shift of the yield curve; however further simulations are performed utilizing non-parallel changes in the yield curve. The results of this sensitivity analysis are compared to the ALCO policy limits which specify a maximum tolerance level for NII exposure over a 1-year horizon, assuming no balance sheet growth, given a 200 basis point (bp) shift upward and a 100 bp shift downward in interest rates.
Under the Company’s interest rate sensitivity modeling, with the continued asset sensitive balance sheet, in a rising rate environment NII is expected to trend upward as the short-term asset base (cash and adjustable rate loans) quickly cycle upward while the retail funding base (deposits) lags the market. If rates paid on deposits have to be increased more and/or more quickly than projected, the expected benefit to rising rates would be reduced. In a falling rate environment, NII is expected to trend slightly downward compared with the current rate environment scenario for the first year of the simulation as asset yield erosion is not fully offset by decreasing funding costs. Thereafter, net interest income is projected to experience sustained downward pressure as funding costs reach their assumed floors and asset yields continue to reprice into the lower rate environment. The recent increases in the federal funds rate have generated a positive impact to the Company’s NII in 2017 as variable rate loans reprice; however the behavior of the long end of the yield curve will also be very important to the Company’s margins going forward, as funding costs continue to rise and the long end remains relatively anchored.
The following table summarizes the estimated impact on the Company's NII over a twelve month period, assuming a gradual parallel shift of the yield curve beginning September 30, 2017:
Rate Change
Percent Change in NII
Down 100 basis points
-2.8%
Up 200 basis points
3.7%
The amounts shown in the table are well within the ALCO Policy limits. However, those amounts do not represent a forecast and should not be relied upon as indicative of future results. While assumptions used in the ALCO process, including the interest rate simulation analyses, are developed based upon current economic and local market conditions, and expected future conditions, the Company cannot provide any assurances as to the predictive nature of these assumptions, including how customer preferences or competitor influences might change.
44
Credit Risk - As a financial institution, one of the primary risks the Company manages is credit risk, the risk of loss stemming from borrowers’ failure to repay loans or inability to meet other contractual obligations. The Company’s Board of Directors prescribes policies for managing credit risk, including Loan, Appraisal and Environmental policies. These policies are supplemented by comprehensive underwriting standards and procedures. The Company maintains a Credit Administration department whose function includes credit analysis and monitoring of and reporting on the status of the loan portfolio, including delinquent and non-performing loan trends. The Company also monitors concentration of credit risk in a variety of areas, including portfolio mix, the level of loans to individual borrowers and their related interest, loans to industry segments, and the geographic distribution of commercial real estate loans. Loans are reviewed periodically by an independent loan review firm to help ensure accuracy of the Company's internal risk ratings and compliance with various internal policies, procedures and regulatory guidance.
Residential mortgages represent a little less than half of the Company’s loan balances; that level has been on a gradual decline in recent years, with a strategic shift to commercial lending. The Company maintains a mortgage loan portfolio of traditional mortgage products and does not engage in higher risk loans such as option adjustable rate mortgage products, high loan-to-value products, interest only mortgages, subprime loans and products with deeply discounted teaser rates. Residential mortgages with loan-to-values exceeding 80% are generally covered by private mortgage insurance (“PMI”). A 90% loan-to-value residential mortgage product without PMI is only available to borrowers with excellent credit and low debt-to-income ratios and has not been widely originated. Junior lien home equity products make up 20.8% of the residential mortgage portfolio with maximum loan-to-value ratios (including prior liens) of 80%. The Company also originates some home equity loans greater than 80% under an insured loan program with stringent underwriting criteria.
Consistent with the strategic focus on commercial lending, both segments saw solid growth during 2016 despite some significant loan payoffs during the year. The 2016 growth included balances being drawn on commercial construction loans and higher balances on commercial lines of credit. Commercial and commercial real estate loan demand has continued into 2017 and is increasing with the funding of construction projects and draws on lines of credit. Commercial and commercial real estate loans together comprised 57.0% of the Company’s loan portfolio at September 30, 2017, 55.5% at December 31, 2016 and 55.3% at September 30, 2016. The increase in the absolute and relative size of the commercial loan portfolio has also increased geographic diversification, with much of the growth in commercial loans occurring along the I-89 corridor from White River Junction through Chittenden County.
The following table reflects the composition of the Company's loan portfolio, by portfolio segment, as a percentage of total loans as of the dates indicated:
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
September 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial & industrial
 $77,604,260 
  15.33%
 $68,730,573 
  14.11%
 $69,791,331 
  14.84%
Commercial real estate
  210,983,668 
  41.69%
  201,728,280 
  41.40%
  190,246,590 
  40.46%
1 - 4 family residential - 1st lien
  167,185,874 
  33.04%
  166,691,962 
  34.21%
  161,277,406 
  34.30%
1 - 4 family residential - Jr lien
  43,962,578 
  8.69%
  42,927,335 
  8.81%
  41,739,827 
  8.88%
Consumer
  6,311,739 
  1.25%
  7,171,076 
  1.47%
  7,131,741 
  1.52%
     Total loans
  506,048,119 
  100.00%
  487,249,226 
  100.00%
  470,186,895 
  100.00%
Deduct (add):
    
    
    
    
    
    
Allowance for loan losses
  5,436,313 
    
  5,278,445 
    
  5,179,965 
    
Deferred net loan costs
  (318,452)
    
  (310,130)
    
  (312,565)
    
      Net loans
 $500,930,258 
    
 $482,280,911 
    
 $465,319,495 
    
Risk in the Company’s commercial & industrial and commercial real estate loan portfolios is mitigated in part by government guarantees issued by federal agencies such as the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Rural Development. At September 30, 2017, the Company had $26,557,438 in guaranteed loans with guaranteed balances of $19,693,638, compared to $23,929,426 in guaranteed loans with guaranteed balances of $18,128,676 at December 31, 2016 and $26,476,719 in guaranteed loans with guaranteed balances of $20,070,993 at September 30, 2016.
The Company works actively with customers early in the delinquency process to help them to avoid default and foreclosure. Commercial & industrial and commercial real estate loans are generally placed on non-accrual status when there is deterioration in the financial position of the borrower, payment in full of principal and interest is not expected, and/or principal or interest has been in default for 90 days or more. However, such a loan need not be placed on non-accrual status if it is both well secured and in the process of collection. Residential mortgages and home equity loans are considered for non-accrual status at 90 days past due and are evaluated on a case-by-case basis. The Company obtains current property appraisals or market value analyses and considers the cost to carry and sell collateral in order to assess the level of specific allocations required. Consumer loans are generally not placed in non-accrual but are charged off by the time they reach 120 days past due. When a loan is placed in non-accrual status, the Company reverses the accrued interest against current period income and discontinues the accrual of interest until the borrower clearly demonstrates the ability and intention to resume normal payments, typically demonstrated by regular timely payments for a period of not less than six months. Interest payments received on non-accrual or impaired loans are generally applied as a reduction of the loan book balance.
45
The Company’s non-performing assets decreased $135,656, or 3.4%, during the first nine months of 2017. The change in non-performing assets was due to a shift of residential mortgage loans moving out of ninety days past due and into non-accrual, which was offset, in part, by a decrease in commercial & industrial loans and commercial real estate loans in the non-accrual portfolio. Claims receivable on related government guarantees were $0 at September 30, 2017 compared to $56,319 at December 31, 2016 and $0 at September 30, 2016, with numerous USDA and SBA claims settled and paid throughout 2016 and 2017. Non-performing loans as of September 30, 2017 carried USDA and SBA guarantees totaling $49,153, compared to $146,323 at December 31, 2016 and $168,861 at September 30, 2016.
The following table reflects the composition of the Company's non-performing assets, by portfolio segment, as a percentage of total non-performing assets as of the dates indicated:
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
September 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans past due 90 days or more
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 and still accruing
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Commercial & industrial
 $0 
  0.00%
 $26,042 
  0.65%
 $116,720 
  2.79%
  Commercial real estate
  15,011 
  0.39%
  0 
  0.00%
  227,302 
  5.43%
  Residential real estate - 1st lien
  725,581 
  18.81%
  1,068,083 
  26.75%
  744,379 
  17.78%
  Residential real estate - Jr lien
  64,292 
  1.67%
  27,905 
  0.70%
  91,420 
  2.18%
  Consumer
  2,777 
  0.07%
  2,176 
  0.05%
  0 
  0.00%
 
  807,661 
  20.94%
  1,124,206 
  28.15%
  1,179,821 
  28.18%
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
Non-accrual loans (1)
    
    
    
    
    
    
  Commercial & industrial
  48,385 
  1.25%
  143,128 
  3.59%
  205,358 
  4.90%
  Commercial real estate
  714,720 
  18.53%
  765,584 
  19.17%
  759,332 
  18.13%
  Residential real estate - 1st lien
  1,511,891 
  39.20%
  1,227,220 
  30.74%
  1,289,968 
  30.81%
  Residential real estate - Jr lien
  450,192 
  11.67%
  338,602 
  8.48%
  343,766 
  8.21%
 
  2,725,188 
  70.65%
  2,474,534 
  61.98%
  2,598,424 
  62.05%
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
Other real estate owned
  324,235 
  8.41%
  394,000 
  9.87%
  409,000 
  9.77%
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
 
 $3,857,084 
  100.00%
 $3,992,740 
  100.00%
 $4,187,245 
  100.00%
(1) No consumer loans were in non-accrual status as of the consolidated balance sheet dates. In accordance with Company policy, delinquent consumer loans are charged off at 120 days past due.
The Company’s OREO portfolio at September 30, 2017 consisted of one residential property and one commercial property compared to two residential properties at December 31, 2016 and two residential properties at September 30, 2016. All of the residential properties were acquired through the normal foreclosure process. The Company took control of two commercial properties in 2017, one in January and the other in March. One of the commercial properties sold in April, 2017 and the other failed to sell at auction in May, 2017 and is listed for sale.
The Company’s troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) are principally a result of extending loan repayment terms to relieve cash flow difficulties. The Company has only infrequently reduced interest rates below the current market rate. The Company has not forgiven principal or reduced accrued interest within the terms of original restructurings. Management evaluates each TDR situation on its own merits and does not foreclose the granting of any particular type of concession.
46
The non-performing assets in the table above include the following TDRs that were past due 90 days or more or in non-accrual status as of the dates presented:
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
September 30, 2016
 
 
 
Number of
 
 
Principal
 
 
Number of
 
 
Principal
 
 
Number of
 
 
Principal
 
 
 
Loans
 
 
Balance
 
 
Loans
 
 
Balance
 
 
Loans
 
 
Balance
 
Commercial & industrial
  1 
 $48,385 
  2 
 $143,127 
  3 
 $191,919 
Commercial real estate
  2 
  329,149 
  2 
  354,811 
  2 
  373,767 
Residential real estate - 1st lien
  7 
  343,519 
  9 
  516,886 
  10 
  684,636 
Residential real estate - Jr lien
  0 
  0 
  2 
  117,158 
  1 
  52,130 
 
  10 
 $721,053 
  15 
 $1,131,982 
  16 
 $1,302,452 
The remaining TDRs were performing in accordance with their modified terms as of the dates presented and consisted of the following:
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
September 30, 2016
 
 
 
Number of
 
 
Principal
 
 
Number of
 
 
Principal
 
 
Number of
 
 
Principal
 
 
 
Loans
 
 
Balance
 
 
Loans
 
 
Balance
 
 
Loans
 
 
Balance
 
Commercial & industrial
  0 
 $0 
  0 
 $0 
  2 
 $35,340 
Commercial real estate
  5 
  1,291,887 
  5 
  1,350,480 
  5 
  1,391,990 
Residential real estate - 1st lien
  53 
  2,811,263 
  28 
  2,722,973 
  27 
  2,558,079 
Residential real estate - Jr lien
  1 
  8,645 
  2 
  63,971 
  3 
  132,822 
 
  59 
 $4,111,795 
  35 
 $4,137,424 
  37 
 $4,118,231 
As of the balance sheet dates, the Company evaluates whether it is contractually committed to lend additional funds to debtors with impaired, non-accrual or modified loans. The Company is contractually committed to lend on one SBA guaranteed line of credit to a borrower whose lending relationship was previously restructured.
Allowance for loan losses and provisions - The Company maintains an ALL at a level that management believes is appropriate to absorb losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the measurement date (See Note 5 to the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements). Although the Company, in establishing the ALL, considers the inherent losses in individual loans and pools of loans, the ALL is a general reserve available to absorb all credit losses in the loan portfolio. No part of the ALL is segregated to absorb losses from any particular loan or segment of loans.
When establishing the ALL each quarter, the Company applies a combination of historical loss factors and qualitative factors to loan segments, including residential first and junior lien mortgages, commercial real estate, commercial & industrial, and consumer loan portfolios. The Company applies numerous qualitative factors to each segment of the loan portfolio. Those factors include the levels of and trends in delinquencies and non-accrual loans, criticized and classified assets, volumes and terms of loans, and the impact of any loan policy changes. Experience, ability and depth of lending personnel, levels of policy and documentation exceptions, national and local economic trends, the competitive environment, and concentrations of credit are also factors considered.
Specific allocations to the ALL are made for certain impaired loans. Impaired loans include all troubled debt restructurings regardless of amount, and all loans to a borrower that in aggregate are greater than $100,000 and that are in non-accrual status. A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due, including interest and principal, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The Company will review all the facts and circumstances surrounding non-accrual loans and on a case-by-case basis may consider loans below the threshold as impaired when such treatment is material to the financial statements. See Note 5 to the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for information on the recorded investment in impaired loans and their related allocations.
During the second quarter of 2017, the Company transitioned to a software solution for preparing the ALL calculation and related reports, replacing previously used Excel spreadsheets. The software solution provides the Company with stronger data integrity, ease and efficiency in ALL preparation, and helps ready the Company for the future transition to the Current Expected Credit Loss (CECL) model. During the implementation and testing of the software, several changes to the underlying ALL methodology were made. Those changes included (i) removing the government guaranteed balances from the calculation of the ALL for both the pooled loans and impaired loans, (ii) treating all TDRs as impaired regardless of size, and (iii) using a fixed look back period for historical losses based on loss history and economic conditions rather than applying the highest look back period of the last 5 years. The Company has a solid history of collection of government guarantees; removal of the guaranteed portion of the loan balance from the ALL calculation for government guaranteed loans reduces the amount of reserves that would otherwise be required against those loans. Management expects the change to the historical loss methodology will eliminate sharp increases or decreases in loss ratios resulting from isolated losses rolling into or out of the look back period and is more reflective of the Company’s loss history during periods of economic stability. Although the inclusion of all TDRs in the impaired calculation now requires the individual analysis of a significantly larger number of loans than was the case under the previous ALL methodology, the ability to individually analyze a greater number of loans is facilitated by the new software. Compared to the prior ALL methodology, the net impact of the foregoing methodology changes reduced required reserves by approximately $247,000 for the quarter ended June 30, 2017, the quarter during which the changes were first implemented.
47
The following table summarizes the Company's loan loss experience for the periods presented:
 
 
As of or for the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans outstanding, end of period
 $506,048,119 
 $470,186,895 
Average loans outstanding during period
 $495,170,740 
 $465,314,118 
Non-accruing loans, end of period
 $2,725,188 
 $2,598,424 
Non-accruing loans, net of government guarantees
 $2,676,035 
 $2,429,563 
 
    
    
Allowance, beginning of period
 $5,278,445 
 $5,011,878 
Loans charged off:
    
    
  Commercial & industrial
  0 
  (12,194)
  Commercial real estate
  (160,207)
  0 
  Residential real estate - 1st lien
  (88,833)
  (234,549)
  Residential real estate - Jr lien
  (15,311)
  0 
  Consumer loans
  (99,617)
  (38,412)
       Total loans charged off
  (363,968)
  (285,155)
Recoveries:
    
    
  Commercial & industrial
  23,469 
  22,650 
  Commercial real estate
  231 
  0 
  Residential real estate - 1st lien
  14,838 
  9,660 
  Residential real estate - Jr lien
  180 
  180 
  Consumer loans
  33,118 
  20,752 
        Total recoveries
  71,836 
  53,242 
Net loans charged off
  (292,132)
  (231,913)
Provision charged to income
  450,000 
  400,000 
Allowance, end of period
 $5,436,313 
 $5,179,965 
 
    
    
Net charge offs to average loans outstanding
  0.059%
  0.050%
Provision charged to income as a percent of average loans
  0.091%
  0.086%
Allowance to average loans outstanding
  1.098%
  1.113%
Allowance to non-accruing loans
  199.484%
  199.350%
Allowance to non-accruing loans net of government guarantees
  203.148%
  213.206%
The provision increased $50,000, or 12.5%, for the first nine months of 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. The lower provision in 2016 was principally related to the comparatively low level of net loan losses experienced during the first three months of 2016. The first quarter 2017 provision supported higher losses driven by one particular commercial real estate charge off. The decrease in the size of the overall portfolio at March 31, 2017 compared to year-end precluded the need for any additional first quarter provision. The second and third quarters of 2017 saw modest loan losses coupled with strong loan growth and as such the provision remained on budget at $450,000 year-to-date.
48
The Company has an experienced collections department that continues to work actively with borrowers to resolve problem loans and manage the OREO portfolio, and management continues to monitor the loan portfolio closely.
The third quarter ALL analysis shows the reserve balance of $5,436,313 at September 30, 2017 is sufficient to cover losses that are probable and estimable, with an unallocated reserve of $261,957. The reserve balance and unallocated amount continue to be directionally consistent with the overall risk profile of the Company’s loan portfolio and credit risk appetite. The portion of the ALL termed "unallocated" is established to absorb inherent losses that exist as of the measurement date although not specifically identified through management's process for estimating credit losses. While the ALL is described as consisting of separate allocated portions, the entire ALL is available to support loan losses, regardless of category. Unallocated reserves are considered by management to be appropriate in light of the Company’s continued growth strategy and shift in the portfolio from residential loans to commercial and commercial real estate loans and the risk associated with the relatively new, unseasoned loans in those portfolios. The adequacy of the ALL is reviewed quarterly by the risk management committee of the Board of Directors and then presented to the full Board of Directors for approval.
Market Risk - In addition to credit risk in the Company’s loan portfolio and liquidity risk in its loan and deposit-taking operations, the Company’s business activities also generate market risk. Market risk is the risk of loss in a financial instrument arising from adverse changes in market prices and rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and equity prices. Declining capital markets can result in fair value adjustments necessary to record decreases in the value of the investment portfolio for other-than-temporary-impairment. The Company does not have any market risk sensitive instruments acquired for trading purposes. The Company’s market risk arises primarily from interest rate risk inherent in its lending and deposit taking activities. During recessionary periods, a declining housing market can result in an increase in loan loss reserves or ultimately an increase in foreclosures. Interest rate risk is directly related to the different maturities and repricing characteristics of interest-bearing assets and liabilities, as well as to loan prepayment risks, early withdrawal of time deposits, and the fact that the speed and magnitude of responses to interest rate changes vary by product. As discussed above under "Interest Rate Risk and Asset and Liability Management", the Company actively monitors and manages its interest rate risk through the ALCO process.
COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND OFF-BALANCE-SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit and risk-sharing commitments on certain sold loans. Such instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheet. The contract or notional amounts of those instruments reflect the extent of involvement the Company has in particular classes of financial instruments. During the first nine months of 2017, the Company did not engage in any activity that created any additional types of off-balance sheet risk.
The Company generally requires collateral or other security to support financial instruments with credit risk. The Company's financial instruments whose contract amount represents credit risk were as follows:
 
 
Contract or Notional Amount
 
 
 
September 30,
 
 
December 31,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unused portions of home equity lines of credit
 $28,640,161 
 $25,535,104 
Residential construction lines of credit
  4,160,338 
  3,676,176 
Commercial real estate and other construction lines of credit
  30,022,030 
  25,951,345 
Commercial and industrial commitments
  35,776,104 
  36,227,213 
Other commitments to extend credit
  52,666,605 
  42,459,454 
Standby letters of credit and commercial letters of credit
  1,651,759 
  2,009,788 
Recourse on sale of credit card portfolio
  309,155 
  258,555 
MPF credit enhancement obligation, net of liability recorded
  596,642 
  748,239 
Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.
In connection with its 2007 trust preferred securities financing, the Company guaranteed the payment obligations under the $12,500,000 of capital securities of its subsidiary, CMTV Statutory Trust I. The source of funds for payments by the Trust on its capital securities is payments made by the Company on its debentures issued to the Trust. The Company's obligation under those debentures is fully reflected in the Company's balance sheet, in the gross amount of $12,887,000 for each of the comparison periods, of which $12,500,000 represents external financing through the issuance to investors of capital securities by CMTV Statutory Trust I.
49
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Managing liquidity risk is essential to maintaining both depositor confidence and stability in earnings. Liquidity management refers to the ability of the Company to adequately cover fluctuations in assets and liabilities. Meeting loan demand (assets) and covering the withdrawal of deposit funds (liabilities) are two key components of the liquidity management process. The Company’s principal sources of funds are deposits, amortization and prepayment of loans and securities, maturities of investment securities, sales of loans available-for-sale, and earnings and funds provided from operations. Maintaining a relatively stable funding base, which is achieved by diversifying funding sources, competitively pricing deposit products, and extending the contractual maturity of liabilities, reduces the Company’s exposure to rollover risk on deposits and limits reliance on volatile short-term borrowed funds. Short-term funding needs arise from declines in deposits or other funding sources and from funding requirements for loan commitments. The Company’s strategy is to fund assets to the maximum extent possible with core deposits that provide a sizable source of relatively stable and low-cost funds.
The Company recognizes that, at times, when loan demand exceeds deposit growth or the Company has other liquidity demands, it may be desirable to utilize alternative sources of deposit funding to augment retail deposits and borrowings. One-way deposits acquired through the CDARS program provide an alternative funding source when needed. Such deposits are generally considered a form of brokered deposits. At September 30, 2017, the Company had one-way CDARS outstanding totaling $17,906,763 compared to no one way CDARS at December 31, 2016 and $10,000,000 at September 30, 2016. In addition, two-way CDARS deposits allow the Company to provide Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) deposit insurance to its customers in excess of account coverage limits by exchanging deposits with other CDARS members. At September 30, 2017, the Company reported $2,809,923 in two-way CDARS deposits, representing exchanged deposits with other CDARS participating banks, compared to $3,141,773 at December 31, 2016 and $3,213,916 at September 30, 2016. The balance in insured cash sweep (ICS) reciprocal money market deposits was $14,920,480 at September 30, 2017, compared to $11,909,300 at December 31, 2016 and $11,559,412 at September 30, 2016, and the balance in ICS reciprocal demand deposits was $8,116,095, $5,706,882 and $7,205,672, respectively.
At September 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2016, borrowing capacity of $112,919,448, $68,163,543 and $67,359,726, respectively, was available through the FHLBB, secured by the Company's qualifying loan portfolio (generally, residential mortgage and commercial loans), reduced by outstanding advances and by collateral pledges securing FHLBB letters of credit collateralizing public unit deposits. During the second quarter of 2017, the Company began pledging residential mortgage loans in a detail listing instead of a summary listing, and also began pledging qualifying multifamily and other commercial real estate loans, accounting for the increase in the portfolio of qualifying loans in 2017 compared to both periods in 2016. The Company also has an unsecured Federal Funds credit line with the FHLBB with an available balance of $500,000 and no outstanding advances during any of the respective comparison periods. Interest is chargeable at a rate determined daily, approximately 25 basis points higher than the rate paid on federal funds sold.
The following table reflects the Company’s outstanding FHLBB advances against the respective lines as of the dates indicated:
 
 
September 30,
 
 
December 31,
 
 
September 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
2016
 
Long-Term Advances(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FHLBB term advance, 0.00%, due February 26, 2021
 $350,000 
 $350,000 
 $350,000 
FHLBB term advance, 0.00%, due November 22, 2021
  1,000,000 
  1,000,000 
  0 
FHLBB term advance, 0.00%, due June 09, 2022
  2,000,000 
  0 
  0 
FHLBB term advance, 0.00%, due September 22, 2023
  200,000 
  200,000 
  200,000 
 
  3,550,000 
  1,550,000 
  550,000 
 
    
    
    
Short-Term Advances
    
    
    
 
    
    
    
FHLBB term advance 0.77% fixed rate, due February 8, 2017
  0 
  10,000,000 
  0 
FHLBB term advance 0.77% fixed rate, due February 24, 2017
  0 
  10,000,000 
  0 
FHLBB term advance 0.92% fixed rate, due June 14, 2017
  0 
  10,000,000 
  0 
 
  0 
  30,000,000 
  0 
Overnight Borrowings
    
    
    
Federal funds purchased (FHLBB), 0.51%
  0 
  0 
  5,245,000 
 
    
    
    
 
 $3,550,000 
 $31,550,000 
 $5,795,000 
(1)
The Company has borrowed a total of $3,550,000 under the FHLBB’s Jobs for New England (JNE) program, a program dedicated to supporting job growth and economic development throughout New England. The FHLBB is providing a subsidy, funded by the FHLBB’s earnings, to write down interest rates to zero percent on advances that finance qualifying loans to small businesses. JNE advances must support small business in New England that create and/or retain jobs, or otherwise contribute to overall economic development activities.
50
The Company has a Borrower-in-Custody (BIC) arrangement with the FRBB secured by eligible commercial loans, commercial real estate loans and home equity loans, resulting in an available credit line of $66,804,404, $77,862,708, and $71,326,693, respectively, at September 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2016. Credit advances under this FRBB lending program are overnight advances with interest chargeable at the primary credit rate (generally referred to as the discount rate), currently 175 basis points. The Company had no outstanding advances against this credit line during any of the periods presented.
The Company has unsecured lines of credit with three correspondent banks with aggregate available borrowing capacity totaling $12,500,000 as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and unsecured lines of credit with two correspondent banks with aggregate available borrowing capacity of $7,500,000 as of September 30, 2016. There were no outstanding advances against any of these lines during any of the respective comparison periods.
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase provide another funding source for the Company. At September 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2016, the Company had outstanding repurchase agreement balances of $27,458,927, $30,423,195 and $25,834,249, respectively. These repurchase agreements mature and are repriced daily.
The following table illustrates the changes in shareholders' equity from December 31, 2016 to September 30, 2017:
Balance at December 31, 2016 (book value $10.27 per common share)
$54,451,517
    Net income
4,706,679
    Issuance of stock through the Dividend Reinvestment Plan
712,899
    Dividends declared on common stock
(2,586,973)
    Dividends declared on preferred stock
(75,000)
    Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities during the period, net of tax
11,618
Balance at September 30, 2017 (book value $10.73 per common share)
$57,220,740
The primary objective of the Company’s capital planning process is to balance appropriately the retention of capital to support operations and future growth, with the goal of providing shareholders an attractive return on their investment. To that end, management monitors capital retention and dividend policies on an ongoing basis.
As described in more detail in the Company’s 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K in Note 20 to the audited consolidated financial statements contained therein and under the caption “LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES” in the MD&A section of such report, the Company (on a consolidated basis) and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies pursuant to which they must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.
Beginning in 2016, an additional capital conservation buffer has been added to the minimum requirements for capital adequacy purposes, subject to a three year phase-in period. The capital conservation buffer will be fully phased-in on January 1, 2019 at 2.5 percent. A banking organization with a conservation buffer of less than 2.5 percent (or the required phase-in amount in years prior to 2019) is subject to limitations on capital distributions, including dividend payments and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. The Company’s and the Bank’s capital conservation buffer was 5.65% and 5.51%, respectively, at September 30, 2017. As of September 30, 2017, both the Company and the Bank exceeded the required capital conservation buffer of 1.25% and, on a pro forma basis, would be compliant with the fully phased-in capital conservation buffer requirement.
As of September 30, 2017, the Bank was considered well capitalized under the regulatory capital framework for Prompt Corrective Action and the Company exceeded applicable consolidated regulatory guidelines for capital adequacy.
51
The following table shows the Company’s actual capital ratios and those of its subsidiary, as well as applicable regulatory capital requirements, as of the dates indicated.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Minimum
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Minimum
 
 
To Be Well
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For Capital
 
 
Capitalized Under
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adequacy
 
 
Prompt Corrective
 
 
 
Actual
 
 
Purposes:
 
 
Action Provisions(1):
 
 
 
Amount
 
 
Ratio 
 
 
Amount
 
 
Ratio
 
 
Amount
 
 
Ratio
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common equity tier 1 capital
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (to risk-weighted assets)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Company
 $58,585 
  12.48%
 $21,121 
  4.50%
  N/A 
  N/A 
   Bank
 $57,837 
  12.34%
 $21,093 
  4.50%
 $30,468 
  6.50%
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
    
    
    
    
    
    
   Company
 $58,585 
  12.48%
 $28,161 
  6.00%
  N/A 
  N/A 
   Bank
 $57,837 
  12.34%
 $28,124 
  6.00%
 $37,499 
  8.00%
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
    
    
    
    
    
    
   Company
 $64,065 
  13.65%
 $37,548 
  8.00%
  N/A 
  N/A 
   Bank
 $63,317 
  13.51%
 $37,499 
  8.00%
 $46,874 
  10.00%
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
    
    
    
    
    
    
   Company
 $58,585 
  9.18%
 $25,524 
  4.00%
  N/A 
  N/A 
   Bank
 $57,837 
  9.07%
 $25,502 
  4.00%
 $31,877 
  5.00%
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
December 31, 2016:
    
    
    
    
    
    
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
Common equity tier 1 capital
    
    
    
    
    
    
  (to risk-weighted assets)
    
    
    
    
    
    
   Company
 $55,690 
  12.34%
 $20,304 
  4.50%
  N/A 
  N/A 
   Bank
 $55,120 
  12.23%
 $20,274 
  4.50%
 $29,285 
  6.50%
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
    
    
    
    
    
    
   Company
 $55,690 
  12.34%
 $27,072 
  6.00%
  N/A 
  N/A 
   Bank
 $55,120 
  12.23%
 $27,032 
  6.00%
 $36,043 
  8.00%
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
    
    
    
    
    
    
   Company
 $61,012 
  13.52%
 $36,096 
  8.00%
  N/A 
  N/A 
   Bank
 $60,443 
  13.42%
 $36,043 
  8.00%
 $45,054 
  10.00%
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
    
    
    
    
    
    
   Company
 $55,690 
  9.17%
 $24,305 
  4.00%
  N/A 
  N/A 
   Bank
 $55,120 
  9.08%
 $24,281 
  4.00%
 $30,351 
  5.00%
(1) Applicable to banks, but not bank holding companies.
52
The Company's ability to pay dividends to its shareholders is largely dependent on the Bank's ability to pay dividends to the Company. In general, a national bank may not pay dividends that exceed net income for the current and preceding two years regardless of statutory restrictions, as a matter of regulatory policy, banks and bank holding companies should pay dividends only out of current earnings and only if, after paying such dividends, they remain adequately capitalized.
ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
The Company's management of the credit, liquidity and market risk inherent in its business operations is discussed in Part 1, Item 2 of this report under the captions "CHANGES IN FINANCIAL CONDITION", “COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND OFF-BALANCE-SHEET ARRANGEMENTS” and “LIQUIDITY & CAPITAL RESOURCES”, which are incorporated herein by reference. Management does not believe that there have been any material changes in the nature or categories of the Company's risk exposures from those disclosed in the Company’s 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). As of September 30, 2017, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, management concluded that its disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2017 were effective in ensuring that material information required to be disclosed in the reports it files with the Commission under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized, and reported on a timely basis.
For this purpose, the term “disclosure controls and procedures” means controls and other procedures of the Company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by it in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act (15 U.S.C. 78a et seq.) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings
In the normal course of business, the Company and its subsidiary are involved in litigation that is considered incidental to their business. Management does not expect that any such litigation will be material to the Company's consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors
The Risk Factors identified in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, continue to represent the most significant risks to the Company's future results of operations and financial condition.
53
ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The following table provides information as to the purchases of the Company’s common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2017, by the Company or by any affiliated purchaser (as defined in SEC Rule 10b-18). During the monthly periods presented, the Company did not have any publicly announced repurchase plans or programs.
 
 
Total Number
 
 
Average
 
 
 
of Shares
 
 
Price Paid
 
For the period:
 
Purchased(1)(2)
 
 
Per Share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
July 1 - July 31
  1,494 
 $18.95 
August 1 - August 31
  0 
  0.00 
September 1 - September 30
  3,021 
  18.20 
     Total
  4,515 
 $18.45 
(1)  All 4,515 shares were purchased for the account of participants invested in the Company Stock Fund under the Company’s Retirement Savings Plan by or on behalf of the Plan Trustee, the Human Resources Committee of Community National Bank. Such share purchases were facilitated through CFSG, which provides certain investment advisory services to the Plan. Both the Plan Trustee and CFSG may be considered affiliates of the Company under Rule 10b-18.
(2)  Shares purchased during the period do not include fractional shares repurchased from time to time in connection with the participant's election to discontinue participation in the Company's Dividend Reinvestment Plan.
ITEM 6. Exhibits
The following exhibits are filed with this report:
Exhibit 31.1 - Certification from the Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) of the Company pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 31.2 - Certification from the Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer) of the Company pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 32.1 - Certification from the Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) of the Company pursuant to 18 U.S.C., Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
Exhibit 32.2 - Certification from the Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer) of the Company pursuant to 18 U.S.C., Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
Exhibit 101--The following materials from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017 formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) the unaudited consolidated balance sheets, (ii) the unaudited consolidated statements of income for the three and nine month interim periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, (iii) the unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income, (iv) the unaudited consolidated statements of cash flows and (v) related notes.
* This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
54
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
COMMUNITY BANCORP.
DATED: November 09, 2017/s/Kathryn M. Austin
Kathryn M. Austin, President
& Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
DATED: November 09, 2017/s/Louise M. Bonvechio
Louise M. Bonvechio, Corporate
Secretary & Treasurer
(Principal Financial Officer)
55
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
FORM 10-Q
[ x ]  QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2017
COMMUNITY BANCORP.
EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT INDEX
 
 
Certification from the Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) of the Company pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  
Certification from the Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer) of the Company pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  
Certification from the Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) of the Company pursuant to 18 U.S.C., Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
  
Certification from the Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer) of the Company pursuant to 18 U.S.C., Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
  
  
Exhibit 101The following materials from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 20172018 formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) the unaudited consolidated balance sheets, (ii) the unaudited consolidated statements of income for the threethree-month and nine monthnine-month interim periods ended September 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, (iii) the unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income, (iv) the unaudited consolidated statements of cash flows and (v) related notes.
 
 
* This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act, of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.Act.
 
 
5653