UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ ~~QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934~~

☒

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023

☐ ~~TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934~~

☐

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ~~____________~~__________ to ~~______________~~__________

Commission file number: 1-11416

CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

California	33-0459135
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(IRS Employer Identification No.)

3800 Howard Hughes Parkway, Suite 1400, Las Vegas, Nevada	89169
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including Area Code: (949) 753-6800

Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report: N/A

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, no par value	CPSS	The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (Global Market)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically ~~and posted on its corporate Web site, if any,~~ every Interactive Data File required to be submitted ~~and posted~~ pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “accelerated filer”, “large accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large ~~accelerated~~Accelerated Filer ☐	Accelerated Filer☐ ☒
~~Non-accelerated~~Non-Accelerated Filer ☒ ☐	Smaller ~~reporting company~~Reporting Company ☒
Emerging Growth Company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of ~~April 29, 2022~~May 5, 2023 the registrant had ~~21,065,973~~20,777,911 common shares outstanding.

CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX TO FORM 10-Q

For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023

		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022	3
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three-month periods ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022	4
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three-month periods ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022	5
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three-month periods ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022	6
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the three-month periods ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022	7
	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	2423
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	3634



PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	3735
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	3735

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	3837
Item 6.	Exhibits	3937
	Signatures	4038

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

March 31, December 31,
2022 2021
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents $ 21,726 $ 29,928
Restricted cash and equivalents 164,550 146,620
Finance receivables measured at fair value 1,903,857 1,749,098

Finance receivables 186,745 232,390
Less: Allowance for finance credit losses (45,001 ) (56,206 )
Finance receivables, net 141,744 176,184

Furniture and equipment, net 987 1,129
Deferred tax assets, net 18,913 19,575
Accrued interest receivable 1,673 2,269
Other assets 24,100 34,775
Total assets $ 2,277,550 $ 2,159,578

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 56,988 $ 43,648
Warehouse lines of credit 147,026 105,610
Residual interest financing 49,434 53,682
Securitization trust debt 1,813,478 1,759,972
Subordinated renewable notes 26,756 26,459
Total liabilities 2,093,682 1,989,371
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES – –
Shareholders' Equity
Preferred stock, $1 par value;
authorized 4,998,130 shares; NaN issued
0 0
Series A preferred stock, $1 par value;
authorized 5,000,000 shares; NaN issued
0 0
Series B preferred stock, $1 par value;
authorized 1,870 shares; NaN issued
0 0
Common stock, 0 par value;
authorized 75,000,000 shares; 21,292,393 and 21,143,764
shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2022 and

December 31, 2021, respectively 47,844 55,298
Retained earnings 137,646 116,531
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (1,622 ) (1,622 )
Total stockholders’ equity
183,868 170,207

Total liability and stockholder’ equity $ 2,277,550 $ 2,159,578


	March 31,			December 31,
	2023			2022
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	10,188		$	13,490
Restricted cash and equivalents		158,895			149,299
Finance receivables measured at fair value		2,575,117			2,476,617

Finance receivables		69,533			92,304
Less: Allowance for finance credit losses		(14,728	)		(21,753	)
Finance receivables, net		54,805			70,551

Furniture and equipment, net		1,463			1,660
Deferred tax assets, net		9,792			10,177
Other assets		26,362			30,974
Total Assets	$	2,836,622		$	2,752,768

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	59,825		$	55,421
Warehouse lines of credit		285,809			285,328
Residual interest financing		49,686			49,623
Securitization trust debt		2,175,068			2,108,744
Subordinated renewable notes		23,443			25,263
Total liabilities		2,593,831			2,524,379
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES		–			–
Shareholders' Equity
Preferred stock, $1 par value; authorized 4,998,130 shares; none issued		–			–
Series A preferred stock, $1 par value; authorized 5,000,000 shares; none issued		–			–
Series B preferred stock, $1 par value; authorized 1,870 shares; none issued		–			–
Common stock, no par value; authorized 75,000,000 shares; 20,496,144 and 20,131,323 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		29,485			28,906
Retained earnings		216,337			202,514
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(3,031	)		(3,031	)
Total stockholders’ equity		242,791			228,389

Total liability and stockholder’ equity	$	2,836,622		$	2,752,768

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share data)


	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	March 31,						March 31,
	2022			2021			2023			2022
Revenues:
Interest income	$	70,060		$	66,093		$	80,062		$	70,060
Mark to finance receivables measured at fair value		2,400			(4,417	)		–			2,400
Other income		1,906			1,436			3,038			1,906
Total revenues		74,366			63,112			83,100			74,366

Expenses:
Employee costs		22,152			20,159			22,033			22,152
General and administrative		8,231			7,748			11,396			8,231
Interest		16,400			20,946			32,759			16,400
Provision for credit losses		(9,400	)		0			(9,000	)		(9,400	)
Sales		5,386			3,986			5,724			5,386
Occupancy		1,852			1,901			1,526			1,852
Depreciation and amortization		417			428			231			417
Total operating expenses		45,038			55,168			64,669			45,038
Income before income tax expense		29,328			7,944			18,431			29,328
Income tax expense		8,213			2,780			4,608			8,213
Net income	$	21,115		$	5,164		$	13,823		$	21,115

Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.99		$	0.23		$	0.68		$	0.99
Diluted		0.75			0.21			0.54			0.75

Number of shares used in computing earnings per share:
Basic		21,221			22,741			20,418			21,221
Diluted		28,197			24,967			25,392			28,197

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In thousands)

March 31,
2022 2021

Net income $ 21,115 $ 5,164

Other comprehensive income/(loss); change in funded status of pension plan 0 0
Comprehensive income $ 21,115 $ 5,164


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022

Net income	$	13,823	$	21,115

Other comprehensive income/(loss); change in funded status of pension plan		–		–
Comprehensive income	$	13,823	$	21,115

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)


	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	March 31,						March 31,
	2022			2021			2023			2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	21,115		$	5,164		$	13,823		$	21,115
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Accretion of deferred acquisition fees and origination costs		0			251
Net interest income accretion on fair value receivables		31,204			35,025			47,472			31,204
Depreciation and amortization		417			428			231			417
Amortization of deferred financing costs		1,782			1,873			2,403			1,782
Mark to fair value of finance receivables measured at fair value		(2,400	)		4,417
Mark to finance receivables measured at fair value								–			(2,400	)
Provision for credit losses		(9,400	)		0			(9,000	)		(9,400	)
Stock-based compensation expense		790			408			912			790
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accrued interest receivable		596			1,273
Deferred tax assets, net		662			1,009			385			662
Other assets		10,194			8,244			4,511			10,790
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		13,340			7,258			4,404			13,340
Net cash provided by operating activities		68,300			65,350			65,141			68,300

Cash flows from investing activities:
Payments received on finance receivables held for investment		43,840			73,480			24,746			43,840
Purchases of finance receivables measured at fair value		(393,407	)		(205,459	)		(352,598	)		(393,407	)
Payments received on finance receivables at fair value		209,844			156,020			206,626			209,844
Change in repossessions held in inventory		481			275			101			481
Purchase of furniture and equipment		(275	)		(426	)		(34	)		(275	)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		(139,517	)		23,890
Net cash used in investing activities								(121,159	)		(139,517	)

Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of securitization trust debt		316,800			230,545			324,768			316,800
Proceeds from issuance of subordinated renewable notes		1,059			2,750			–			1,059
Payments on subordinated renewable notes		(762	)		(333	)		(1,820	)		(762	)
Net advances (repayments) of warehouse lines of credit		42,170			(48,256	)
Repayment of residual interest financing debt		(4,311	)		(4,979	)
Net proceeds from (repayments of) warehouse lines of credit								(7	)		42,170
Net Proceeds from (repayment of) residual interest financing debt								–			(4,311	)
Repayment of securitization trust debt		(262,737	)		(242,489	)		(258,224	)		(262,737	)
Payment of financing costs		(3,030	)		(1,572	)		(2,072	)		(3,030	)
Purchase of common stock		(14,104	)		(755	)		(7,293	)		(14,104	)
Exercise of options and warrants		5,860			298			6,960			5,860
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		80,945			(64,791	)
Net cash provided by financing activities								62,312			80,945
Increase in cash and cash equivalents		9,728			24,449			6,294			9,728
Cash and restricted cash at beginning of period		176,548			144,152			162,789			176,548
Cash and restricted cash at end of period	$	186,276		$	168,601		$	169,083		$	186,276

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid (received) during the period for:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	14,380		$	19,252		$	29,658		$	14,380
Income taxes	$	0		$	(123	)	$	25		$	–

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands)


	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	March 31,						March 31,
	2022			2021			2023			2022
Common Stock (Shares Outstanding)
Balance, beginning of period		21,144			22,737			20,131			21,144
Common stock issued upon exercise of options and warrants		1,366			98			1,086			1,366
Repurchase of common stock		(1,218	)		(179	)		(721	)		(1,218	)
Balance, end of period		21,292			22,656			20,496			21,292

Common Stock
Balance, beginning of period	$	55,298		$	72,926		$	28,906		$	55,298
Common stock issued upon exercise of options and warrants		5,860			298			6,960			5,860
Repurchase of common stock		(14,104	)		(755	)		(7,293	)		(14,104	)
Stock-based compensation		790			408			912			790
Balance, end of period	$	47,844		$	72,877		$	29,485		$	47,844

Retained Earnings
Balance, beginning of period	$	116,531		$	69,007		$	202,514		$	116,531
Net income		21,115			5,164			13,823			21,115
Balance, end of period	$	137,646		$	74,171		$	216,337		$	137,646

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance, beginning of period	$	(1,622	)	$	(8,571	)	$	(3,031	)	$	(1,622	)
Pension benefit obligation		–			–			–			–
Balance, end of period	$	(1,622	)	$	(8,571	)	$	(3,031	)	$	(1,622	)

Balance, beginning of period		170,207			–			228,389			–
Pension benefit obligation		–			–			–			–
Total Shareholders' Equity	$	183,868		$	138,477		$	242,791		$	183,868

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business

We were formed in California on March 8, 1991. We specialize in purchasing and servicing retail automobile installment sale contracts (“automobile contracts” or “finance receivables”) originated by licensed motor vehicle dealers located throughout the United States (“dealers”) in the sale of new and used automobiles, light trucks and passenger vans. Through our purchases, we provide indirect financing to dealer customers for borrowers with limited credit histories or past credit problems (“sub-prime customers”). We serve as an alternative source of financing for dealers, allowing sales to customers who otherwise might not be able to obtain financing. In addition to purchasing installment purchase contracts directly from dealers, we have also (i) lent money directly to consumers for loans secured by vehicles, (ii) purchased immaterial amounts of vehicle purchase money loans from non-affiliated lenders, and (iii) acquired installment purchase contracts in four merger and acquisition transactions. In this report, we refer to all of such contracts and loans as ~~"automobile~~“automobile contracts."”

Basis of Presentation

Our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, with the instructions to Form 10-Q and with Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and include all adjustments that are, in management’s opinion, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented. All such adjustments are, in the opinion of management, of a normal recurring nature. Results for the three-month period ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be expected for the full year.

Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been condensed or omitted from these Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. These Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reported periods.

Finance Receivables Measured at Fair Value

Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted the fair value method of accounting for finance receivables acquired on or after that date. For each finance receivable acquired after 2017, we consider the price paid on the purchase date as the fair value for such receivable. We estimate the cash to be received in the future with respect to such receivables, based on our experience with similar receivables acquired in the past. We then compute the internal rate of return that results in the present value of those estimated cash receipts being equal to the purchase date fair value. Thereafter, we recognize interest income on such receivables on a level yield basis using that internal rate of return as the applicable interest rate. Cash received with respect to such receivables is applied first against such interest income, and then to reduce the recorded value of the receivables.

We re-evaluate the fair value of such receivables at the close of each measurement period. If the reevaluation were to yield a value materially different from the recorded value, an adjustment would be required. Results for the first quarter include ~~a $2.4 million~~no mark down reversal to the carrying value of the portion of the receivables portfolio accounted for at fair value. ~~Results for the first quarter of 2021 include a $4.4 million mark down, and the mark down is~~Mark downs are reflected as a reduction in revenue.

CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Anticipated credit losses are included in our estimation of cash to be received with respect to receivables. Because such credit losses are included in our computation of the appropriate level yield, we do not thereafter make periodic provision for credit losses, as our best estimate of the lifetime aggregate of credit losses is included in that initial computation. Also, because we include anticipated credit losses in our computation of the level yield, the computed level yield is materially lower than the average contractual rate applicable to the receivables. Because our initial recorded value is fixed as the price we pay for the receivable, rather than as the contractual principal balance, we do not record acquisition fees as an amortizing asset related to the receivables, nor do we capitalize costs of acquiring the receivables. Rather we recognize the costs of acquisition as expenses in the period incurred.

Other Income

The following table presents the primary components of Other Income for the three-month periods ending March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021:~~2022:

Schedule of other income
Three Months Ended
March 31,
2022 2021
(In thousands)
Direct mail revenues $ 774 $ 979
Convenience fee revenue 80 240
Recoveries on previously charged-off contracts 20 15
Sales tax refunds 144 171
Other 888 31
Other income for the period $ 1,906 $ 1,436

~~CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

Schedule of other income
	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Origination and servicing fees from third party receivables	$	2,738	$	844
Direct mail revenues		–		774
Sales tax refunds		260		144
Other		40		144
Other income for the period	$	3,038	$	1,906

Leases

The Company has operating leases for corporate offices, equipment, software and hardware. The Company has entered into operating leases for the majority of its real estate locations, primarily office space. These leases are generally for periods of three to seven years with various renewal options. The depreciable life of leased assets is limited by the expected lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet and the related lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

~~The following table presents the supplemental balance sheet information related to leases:~~

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases
March 31, December 31,
2022 2021
(In thousands)

Operating Leases
Operating lease right-of-use assets $ 25,820 $ 25,819
Less: Accumulated amortization right-of-use assets (18,972 ) (17,624 )
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net $ 6,848 $ 8,195

Operating lease liabilities $ (7,684 ) $ (9,058 )

Finance Leases
Property and equipment, at cost $ 3,407 $ 3,407
Less: Accumulated depreciation (2,620 ) (2,348 )
Property and equipment, net $ 787 $ 1,059

Finance lease liabilities $ (842 ) $ (1,124 )

Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating lease 5.0% 5.0%
Finance lease 6.5% 6.5%

Maturities of leases
Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:
(In thousands) Operating Finance
Year Ending March 31, Lease Lease
2022 $ 4,644 $ 752
2023 1,888 84
2024 920 26
2025 795 9
2026 501 0
Thereafter 1,160 0
Total undiscounted lease payments 9,908 871
Less amounts representing interest (2,224 ) (29 )
Lease Liability $ 7,684 $ 842

109

CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table presents the supplemental balance sheet information related to leases:

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases
	March 31,			December 31,
	2023			2022
	(In thousands)

Operating Leases
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	28,397		$	28,397
Less: Accumulated amortization right-of-use assets		(23,611	)		(22,613	)
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	$	4,786		$	5,784

Operating lease liabilities	$	(5,154	)	$	(6,234	)

Finance Leases
Property and equipment, at cost	$	3,454		$	3,407
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(3,335	)		(3,301	)
Property and equipment, net	$	119		$	106

Finance lease liabilities	$	(125	)	$	(177	)

Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating lease		5.0%			5.0%
Finance lease		6.5%			6.5%

Schedule of maturities of lease liabilities
Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:
(In thousands)	Operating			Finance
Year Ending March 31,	Lease			Lease
2023	$	2,864		$	55
2024		1,493			37
2025		747			20
2026		455			11
2027		452			11
Thereafter		565			1
Total undiscounted lease payments		6,576			135
Less amounts representing interest		(1,422	)		(260	)
Lease Liability	$	5,154		$	(125	)

The following table presents the lease expense included in General and administrative and Occupancy expense on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations:

Lease information
	Three Months Ended				Three Months Ended
	March 31,				March 31,
	2022		2021		2023		2022
	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Operating lease cost	$	1,761	$	1,837	$	1,360	$	1,761
Finance lease cost		298		308		101		298
Total lease cost	$	2,059	$	2,145	$	1,461	$	2,059

CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table presents the supplemental cash flow information related to leases:

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases
					Three Months Ended
	Three Months Ended				March 31,
	March 31,				2023		2022
	2022		2021		(In thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:	(In thousands)
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	1,788	$	1,930	$	1,360	$	1,788
Operating cash flows from finance leases		282		274		99		282
Financing cash flows from finance leases		16		35		2		16

Stock-based Compensation

We recognize compensation costs in the financial statements for all share-based payments based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718 “Stock Compensation”.

For the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, we recorded stock-based compensation costs in the amount of $~~790,000~~912,000 and $~~408,000~~790,000, respectively. As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, unrecognized stock-based compensation costs to be recognized over future periods equaled $~~8.4~~8.6 million ~~million.~~. This amount will be recognized as expense over a weighted-average period of ~~2.4~~2.2 years.

The following represents stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022:~~ 2023:

Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Activity
Schedule of option activity
											Weighted
						Number of			Weighted		Average
						Shares			Average		Remaining
	Number of Shares (in thousands)		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term	(in thousands)			Exercise Price		Contractual Term
Options outstanding at the beginning of period	13,074		$	4.54	N/A		11,167		$	5.21		N/A
Granted	750			10.32	N/A		–			–		N/A
Exercised	(1,366	)		4.29	N/A		(1,086	)		6.41		N/A
Forfeited	(430	)		7.51	N/A		–			–		N/A
Options outstanding at the end of period	12,028		$	4.82	3.18 years		10,081		$	5.08		3.22 years

Options exercisable at the end of period	8,068		$	4.74	2.00 years		6,871		$	4.43		2.29 years

The following table presents the price distribution of stock options outstanding and exercisable for the years ended March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

Schedule of stock options outstanding and exercisable
	Number of shares as of				Number of shares as of
	March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Outstanding		Exercisable		Outstanding		Exercisable
	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Range of exercise prices:
$2.00 - $2.99		1,440		770		1,445		775
$3.00 - $3.99		3,646		3,356		3,785		3,495
$4.00 - $4.99		2,677		1,740		2,739		1,802
$5.00 - $5.99		–		–		–		–
$6.00 - $6.99		–		–		740		740
$7.00 - $7.99		608		608		748		748
$10.00 - $10.99		1,710		397		1,710		210
Total shares		10,081		6,871		11,167		7,770

CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

~~The following table presents the price distribution of stock options outstanding and exercisable for the years ended March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:~~

Schedule of stock options outstanding and exercisable
Number of shares as of Number of shares as of
March 31, 2022 December 31, 2021
Outstanding Exercisable Outstanding Exercisable
Range of exercise prices: (In thousands) (In thousands)
$0.95 - $1.99 34 34 577 577
$2.00 - $2.99 1,517 489 1,517 489
$3.00 - $3.99 4,172 3,270 4,285 3,382
$4.00 - $4.99 2,847 1,567 2,870 1,410
$5.00 - $5.99 0 0 0 0
$6.00 - $6.99 1,933 1,933 2,651 2,652
$7.00 - $7.99 775 775 1,175 1,175
$8.00 - $11.00 750 0 0 0

Total shares 12,028 8,068 13,074 9,685

At March 31, ~~2022~~2023 the aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding and exercisable was $~~64.3~~56.5 million ~~million~~ and $~~43.7~~43.0 million ~~million,~~, respectively. There were ~~1,366,000~~1,086,000 options exercised for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared to ~~98,000~~1,366,000 for the comparable period in ~~2021.~~2022. The total intrinsic value of options exercised was $~~10.2~~3.8 million ~~million~~ and $~~122,000~~10.2 for the three-month periods ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021.~~2022. There were ~~3,561,000~~2,661,000 shares available for future stock option grants under existing plans as of March 31, ~~2022.~~2023.

Purchases of Company Stock

The table below describes the purchase of our common stock for the ~~three-month~~three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021:~~2022:

Schedule of purchases of company stock
	Three Months Ended								Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2022				March 31, 2021				March 31, 2023				March 31, 2022
		Shares		Avg. Price		Shares		Avg. Price	Shares		Avg. Price		Shares		Avg. Price
Open market purchases		922,363	$	11.19		138,004	$	4.18		263,185	$	10.42		922,363	$	11.19
Shares redeemed upon net exercise of stock options		295,088		12.68		40,727		4.36		458,392		9.93		295,088		12.68
Total stock purchases		1,217,451	$	11.55		178,731	$	4.22		721,577	$	10.11		1,217,451	$	11.55

Reclassifications

Some items in the prior year financial statements were reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Reclassifications had no effect on net income or shareholders’ equity.

~~CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

Financial Covenants

Certain of our securitization transactions, our warehouse credit facilities and our residual interest financing contain various financial covenants requiring minimum financial ratios and results. Such covenants include maintaining minimum levels of liquidity and net worth and not exceeding maximum leverage levels. As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we were in compliance with all such covenants. In addition, certain of our debt agreements other than our term securitizations contain cross-default provisions. Such cross-default provisions would allow the respective creditors to declare a default if an event of default occurred with respect to other indebtedness of ours, but only if such other event of default were to be accompanied by acceleration of such other indebtedness.

Provision for Contingent Liabilities

We are routinely involved in various legal proceedings resulting from our consumer finance activities and practices, both continuing and discontinued. Our legal counsel has advised us on such matters where, based on information available at the time of this report, there is an indication that it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably determined.

~~Coronavirus Pandemic~~Adoption of New Accounting Standards

In March 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2022-02, known as the Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. ASU 2022-02 eliminates the accounting guidance for TDRs in ASC 310-40 on troubled debt restructurings for entities that have adopted the CECL model introduced by ASU 2016-13, Current Expected Credit Loss. ASU 2022-02 also requires that public business entities disclose current-period gross charge offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases within the scope of Subtopic 326-20, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses – Measured at Amortized Cost. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December ~~2019, a new strain of coronavirus (the “COVID-19 virus”) originated in Wuhan, China. Since its discovery, the COVID-19 virus has spread throughout the world,~~15, 2022, and the ~~outbreak has been declared to be~~adoption of this guidance did not have a ~~pandemic by~~material impact on the ~~World Health Organization. We refer from time to time in this report to the outbreak and spread of the COVID-19 virus as “the pandemic.”~~condensed consolidated financial statements.

We measure our portfolio of finance receivables carried at fair value with consideration for unobservable inputs that reflect our own assumptions about the factors that market participants use in pricing similar receivables and are based on the best information available in the circumstances. They include such inputs as estimates for the magnitude and timing of net charge-offs and the rate of amortization of the portfolio. The pandemic and the adverse effect it may have on the U.S. economy and our obligors may cause us to consider significant changes in any of those inputs, which in turn may have a significant effect on our fair value measurement.

CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(2) Finance Receivables

Our portfolio of finance receivables consists of small-balance homogeneous contracts comprising a single segment and class that is collectively evaluated for impairment on a portfolio basis according to delinquency status. Our contract purchase guidelines are designed to produce a homogenous portfolio. For key terms such as interest rate, length of contract, monthly payment and amount financed, there is relatively little variation from the average for the portfolio. We report delinquency on a contractual basis. Once a contract becomes greater than 90 days delinquent, we do not recognize additional interest income until the obligor under the contract makes sufficient payments to be less than 90 days delinquent. Any payments received on a contract that is greater than 90 days delinquent are first applied to accrued interest and then to principal reduction.

In January 2018 the Company adopted the fair value method of accounting for finance receivables acquired after 2017. Finance receivables measured at fair value are recorded separately on the Company’s Balance Sheet and are excluded from all tables in this footnote.

~~CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

We consider an automobile contract delinquent when an obligor fails to make at least 90% of a contractually due payment by the following due date, which date may have been extended within limits specified in the servicing agreements. The period of delinquency is based on the number of days payments are contractually past due, as extended where applicable. Automobile contracts less than 31 days delinquent are not included. In certain circumstances we will grant obligors one-month payment extensions to assist them with temporary cash flow problems. The only modification of terms is to advance the obligor’s next due date by one month and extend the maturity date of the receivable by one month. In certain limited cases, a two-month extension may be granted. There are no other concessions such as a reduction in interest rate, forgiveness of principal or of accrued interest. Accordingly, we consider such extensions to be insignificant delays in payments rather than troubled debt restructurings. Automobile finance receivables, net of unearned interest was $~~186.7~~ 69.5 million~~million~~ and $~~232.4~~92.3 million ~~million~~ as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. The following table summarizes the delinquency status of finance receivables as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:

Schedule of delinquency status of finance receivables
March 31, December 31,
2022 2021
(In thousands)
Delinquency Status
Current $ 152,949 $ 186,625
31 - 60 days 22,426 30,980
61 - 90 days 9,252 12,070
91 + days 2,118 2,715
$ 186,745 $ 232,390

Schedule of delinquency status of finance receivables
	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Deliquency Status
Current	$	52,630	$	65,764
31 - 60 days		10,950		16,796
61 - 90 days		4,769		7,756
91 + days		1,184		1,988
	$	69,533	$	92,304

Finance receivables totaling $~~2.1~~1.2 million ~~million~~ and $~~2.7~~2.0 million ~~million~~ at March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, including all receivables greater than 90 days delinquent, have been placed on non-accrual status as a result of their delinquency status.

Allowance for Credit Losses – Finance Receivables

The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of finance receivables to present the net amount expected to be collected. Charge offs are deducted from the allowance when management believes that collectability is unlikely.

Management estimates the allowance using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions and, reasonable and supportable forecasts. We believe our historical credit loss experience provides the best basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. Consequently, we use historical loss experience for older receivables, aggregated into vintage pools based on their calendar quarter of origination, to forecast expected losses for less seasoned quarterly vintage pools.

We measure the weighted average monthly incremental change in cumulative net losses for the vintage pools in the relevant historical period. For the pools in the relevant historical period, we consider each pool’s performance from its inception through the end of the current period. We then apply the results of the historical analysis to less seasoned vintage pools beginning with each vintage pool’s most recent actual cumulative net loss experience and extrapolating from that point based on the historical data. We believe the pattern and magnitude of losses on older vintages allows us to establish a reasonable and supportable forecast of less seasoned vintages.

CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Our contract purchase guidelines are designed to produce a homogenous portfolio. For key credit characteristics of individual contracts such as obligor credit history, job stability, residence stability and ability to pay, there is relatively little variation from the average for the portfolio. Similarly, for key structural characteristics such as loan-to-value, length of contract, monthly payment and amount financed, there is relatively little variation from the average for the portfolio. Consequently, we do not believe there are significant differences in risk characteristics between various segments of our portfolio.

Our methodology incorporates historical pools that are sufficiently seasoned to capture the magnitude and trends of losses within those vintage pools. Furthermore, the historical period encompasses a substantial volume of receivables over periods that include fluctuations in the competitive landscape, the Company’s rates of growth, size of our managed portfolio and fluctuations in economic growth and unemployment.

~~CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

In consideration of the depth and breadth of the historical period, and the homogeneity of our portfolio, we generally do not adjust historical loss information for differences in risk characteristics such as credit or structural composition of segments of the portfolio or for changes in environmental conditions such as changes in unemployment rates, collateral values or other factors. However, we have considered how certain qualitative factors may affect future credit losses and have incorporated our judgement of the effect of such factors into our estimates.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of our finance receivables by annual vintage as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021.~~December 31, 2022.

Schedule of amortized cost basis of finance receivables
	March 31,		December 31,		March 31,		December 31,
	2022		2021		2023		2022
	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Annual Vintage Pool
2012 and prior	$	92	$	131
2013		721		1,091
2014		4,877		6,881
2014 and prior					$	1,272	$	1,865
2015		22,037		29,695		5,853		8,627
2016		61,259		76,728		21,084		28,632
2017		97,759		117,864		41,324		53,180
	$	186,745	$	232,390	$	69,533	$	92,304

The following table presents a summary of the activity for the allowance for finance credit losses for the three-month periods ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021:~~2022:

Schedule of allowance for finance credit losses
	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	March 31,						March 31,
	2022			2021			2023			2022
	(In thousands)						(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	56,206		$	80,790		$	21,753		$	56,206
Provision for credit losses on finance receivables		(9,400	)		0			(9,000	)		(9,400	)
Charge-offs		(5,359	)		(12,122	)		(3,018	)		(5,359	)
Recoveries		3,554			4,829			4,993			3,554
Balance at end of period	$	45,001		$	73,497		$	14,728		$	45,001

~~For~~

CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table presents the ~~three months~~gross charge-offs by year of origination of our finance receivables for the three-month periods ended March 31, ~~2022, we recorded a reduction to provision for credit losses on finance receivables in the amount of $9.4~~ ~~million. The reserve decrease was primarily due to a decrease in lifetime expected credit losses resulting from improved credit performance, an improved macroeconomic outlook~~2023 and ~~higher used car prices. The Company did not make additional provisions for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2021.~~2022:

Schedule of charge-offs for financed receivables	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023			2022
Annual Vintage Pool	(In thousands)
2014 and prior	$	141		$	292
2015		444			1,089
2016		1,321			2,025
2017		1,502			2,172
Applied against repos in inventory (net)		(390	)		(219	)
	$	3,018		$	5,359

Excluded from finance receivables are contracts that were previously classified as finance receivables but were reclassified as other assets because we have repossessed the vehicle securing the Contract. The following table presents a summary of such repossessed inventory together with the allowance for losses in repossessed inventory that is not included in the allowance for finance credit losses:

Schedule of allowance for losses on repossessed inventory
	March 31,			December 31,			March 31,			December 31,
	2022			2021			2023			2022
	(In thousands)						(In thousands)
Gross balance of repossessions in inventory	$	3,640		$	4,341		$	1,403		$	1,894
Allowance for losses on repossessed inventory		(1,652	)		(1,871	)		(933	)		(1,323	)
Net repossessed inventory included in other assets	$	1,988		$	2,470		$	470		$	571

~~CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

(3) Securitization Trust Debt

We have completed many securitization transactions that are structured as secured borrowings for financial accounting purposes. The debt issued in these transactions is shown on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as “Securitization trust debt,” and the components of such debt are summarized in the following table:

Schedule of Long-term Debt Instruments
Series
Final
Scheduled
Payment
Date (1)

Receivables
Pledged at
March 31,
2022 (2)

Initial
Principal

Outstanding
Principal at
March 31,
2022

Outstanding
Principal at December 31,
2021

Weighted
Average
Contractual
Interest Rate
at
March 31,
2022
(Dollars in thousands)
CPS 2017-A April 2024 $ 0 $ 206,320 $ 0 $ 17,644 0
CPS 2017-B December 2023 22,739 225,170 7,491 12,491 5.75%
CPS 2017-C September 2024 24,874 224,825 20,955 25,846 5.72%
CPS 2017-D June 2024 25,965 196,300 22,589 26,744 5.17%
CPS 2018-A March 2025 29,215 190,000 25,303 29,518 4.86%
CPS 2018-B December 2024 35,386 201,823 30,749 36,092 5.24%
CPS 2018-C September 2025 40,840 230,275 36,876 42,765 5.41%
CPS 2018-D June 2025 50,069 233,730 42,922 49,634 5.24%
CPS 2019-A March 2026 62,139 254,400 53,492 62,667 5.05%
CPS 2019-B June 2026 62,243 228,275 53,392 61,730 4.77%
CPS 2019-C September 2026 73,278 243,513 64,980 75,065 3.91%
CPS 2019-D December 2026 94,335 274,313 83,924 98,625 3.32%
CPS 2020-A March 2027 88,745 260,000 83,987 99,485 3.48%
CPS 2020-B June 2027 96,567 202,343 72,955 87,048 4.98%
CPS 2020-C November 2027 129,864 252,200 118,901 138,899 2.57%
CPS 2021-A March 2028 138,427 230,545 123,688 147,516 1.08%
CPS 2021-B June 2028 165,925 240,000 157,719 179,856 1.36%
CPS 2021-C September 2028 235,461 291,000 222,432 250,003 1.21%
CPS 2021-D December 2028 311,727 349,202 300,177 330,325 1.47%
CPS 2022-A April 2029 315,574 316,800 303,481 0 1.85%
$ 2,003,373 $ 4,851,034 $ 1,826,016 $ 1,771,953

Schedule of Long-term Debt Instruments
										Weighted
										Average
	Final	Receivables				Outstanding		Outstanding		Contractual Debt Interest
	Scheduled	Pledged at				Principal at		Principal at		Rate at
	Payment	March 31,		Initial		March 31,		December 31,		March 31,
Series	Date (1)	2023 (2)		Principal		2023		2022		2023
	(Dollars in thousands)
CPS 2018-A	March 2025	$	–	$	190,000	$	–	$	12,939		–
CPS 2018-B	December 2024		–		201,823		–		17,077		–
CPS 2018-C	September 2025		20,407		230,275		15,873		20,222		6.07%
CPS 2018-D	June 2025		24,958		233,730		20,639		25,563		5.82%
CPS 2019-A	March 2026		31,633		254,400		27,107		32,898		5.73%
CPS 2019-B	June 2026		33,965		228,275		29,262		33,897		5.56%
CPS 2019-C	September 2026		40,054		243,513		35,650		41,515		4.55%
CPS 2019-D	December 2026		52,643		274,313		46,672		53,625		3.86%
CPS 2020-A	March 2027		48,654		260,000		44,845		52,705		4.18%
CPS 2020-B	June 2027		55,858		202,343		36,595		41,736		6.36%
CPS 2020-C	November 2027		75,563		252,200		64,089		72,894		3.45%
CPS 2021-A	March 2028		80,223		230,545		61,051		72,076		1.49%
CPS 2021-B	June 2028		101,063		240,000		88,714		101,206		2.01%
CPS 2021-C	September 2028		147,527		291,000		130,671		147,593		1.70%
CPS 2021-D	December 2028		200,339		349,202		186,363		209,277		2.00%
CPS 2022-A	April 2029		220,157		316,800		201,403		222,613		2.29%
CPS 2022-B	October 2029		325,908		395,600		298,734		325,907		4.28%
CPS 2022-C	April 2030		364,484		391,600		318,725		346,714		5.34%
CPS 2022-D	August 2030		302,057		307,018		274,951		292,461		7.45%
CPS 2023-A	November 2030		220,157		324,768		308,120		–		6.13%
		$	2,345,648	$	5,417,405	$	2,189,463	$	2,122,919

_________________

(1)

The Final Scheduled Payment Date represents final legal maturity of the securitization trust debt. Securitization trust debt is expected to become due and to be paid prior to those dates, based on amortization of the finance receivables pledged to the trusts. Expected payments, which will depend on the performance of such receivables, as to which there can be no assurance, are $~~556.3~~644.0 million ~~million in 2022, $703.8~~ ~~million~~ in 2023, $~~178.0~~659.5 million ~~million~~ in 2024, $~~197.3~~398.9 million ~~million~~ in 2025, $~~114.1~~239.7 million ~~million~~ in 2026, $~~58.4~~151.8 million ~~million~~ in 2027, $76.0 million in 2028, and $~~5.5~~5.2 million ~~million~~ in ~~2028.~~2029.

(2)

Includes repossessed assets that are included in Other assets on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Debt issuance costs of $~~12.5~~14.4 million ~~million~~ and $~~12.0~~14.2 million ~~million~~ as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, have been excluded from the table above. These debt issuance costs are presented as a direct deduction to the carrying amount of the Securitization trust debt on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

~~CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

All of the securitization trust debt was sold in private placement transactions to qualified institutional buyers. The debt was issued through our wholly-owned bankruptcy remote subsidiaries and is secured by the assets of such subsidiaries, but not by our other assets.

The terms of the securitization agreements related to the issuance of the securitization trust debt and the warehouse credit facilities require that we meet certain delinquency and credit loss criteria with respect to the pool of receivables, and certain of the agreements require that we maintain minimum levels of liquidity and not exceed maximum leverage levels. As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we were in compliance with all such covenants.

We are responsible for the administration and collection of the automobile contracts. The securitization agreements also require certain funds be held in restricted cash accounts to provide additional collateral for the borrowings, to be applied to make payments on the securitization trust debt or as pre-funding proceeds from a term securitization prior to the purchase of additional collateral. As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, restricted cash under the various agreements totaled approximately $~~164.6~~158.9 million ~~million.~~. Interest expense on the securitization trust debt consists of the stated rate of interest plus amortization of additional costs of borrowing. Additional costs of borrowing include facility fees, amortization of deferred financing costs and discounts on notes sold. Deferred financing costs and discounts on notes sold related to the securitization trust debt are amortized using a level yield method. Accordingly, the effective cost of the securitization trust debt is greater than the contractual rate of interest disclosed above.

Our wholly-owned bankruptcy remote subsidiaries were formed to facilitate the above asset-backed financing transactions. Similar bankruptcy remote subsidiaries issue the debt outstanding under our credit facilities. Bankruptcy remote refers to a legal structure in which it is expected that the applicable entity would not be included in any bankruptcy filing by its parent or affiliates. All of the assets of these subsidiaries have been pledged as collateral for the related debt. All such transactions, treated as secured financings for accounting and tax purposes, are treated as sales for all other purposes, including legal and bankruptcy purposes. None of the assets of these subsidiaries are available to pay other creditors.

(4) Debt

The terms and amounts of our other debt outstanding at March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 are summarized below:

Schedule of debt outstanding
				Amount Outstanding at						Amount Outstanding at
				March 31,		December 31,				March 31,		December 31,
				2022		2021				2023		2022
				(In thousands)						(In thousands)
Description	Interest Rate	Maturity						Interest Rate	Maturity

Warehouse lines of credit	3.00% over one month Libor (Minimum 3.75%)		December 2022	$	69,430	$	70,590	3.00% over one month Libor (Minimum 3.75%) 7.99% and 7.48% at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	July 2024		168,781		150,293

	3.50% over a commercial paper rate (Minimum 4.50%)		January 2024		78,750		35,420	4.15% over a commercial paper rate (Minimum 5.15%) 9.09% and 8.60% at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively	January 2024		119,089		137,585

Residual interest financing	8.60%		January 2026		0		4,311	7.86%	June 2026		50,000		50,000

Residual interest financing	7.86%		June 2026		50,000		50,000

Subordinated renewable notes	Weighted average rate of 8.65% and 8.93% at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively		Weighted average maturity of March 2024 and January 2024 at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively		26,756		26,459	Weighted average rate of 7.95% and 7.82% at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	Weighted average maturity of December 2024 and October 2024 at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		23,443		25,263
										$	361,313	$	363,141
				$	224,936	$	186,780

1716

CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

On February 2, 2022, we renewed our two-year revolving credit agreement with Ares Agent Services, L.P. There was $119.1 million outstanding under this facility at March 31, 2023. On June 28, 2022, we increased the capacity of its credit agreement with Ares Agent Services, L.P. from $100 million to $200 million. The revolving period for this facility was extended to January 2024 followed by an amortization period through January 2028 for any receivables pledged at the end of the revolving period.

On July 15, 2022, we renewed our two-year revolving credit agreement with Citibank, N.A., and doubled the capacity from $100 million to $200 million. There was $168.8 million outstanding under this facility at March 31, 2023. The revolving period for this facility was extended to July 2024 followed by an amortization period through July 2025 for any receivables pledged at the end of the revolving period.

Unamortized debt issuance costs of $~~566,000~~314,000 and $~~629,000~~377,000 as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, have been excluded from the amount reported above for residual interest financing. Similarly, unamortized debt issuance costs of $~~1.2~~2.1 million ~~million~~ and $~~400,000~~2.6 million as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, have been excluded from the Warehouse lines of credit amounts in the table above. These debt issuance costs are presented as a direct deduction to the carrying amount of the debt on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(5) Interest Income and Interest Expense

The following table presents the components of interest income:

Schedule of interest income
	Three Months Ended					Three Months Ended
	March 31,					March 31,
	2022		2021			2023		2022
	(In thousands)					(In thousands)
Interest on finance receivables	$	11,314	$	22,099		$	4,662	$	11,314
Interest on finance receivables at fair value		58,740		43,988			74,058		58,740
Mark to finance receivables measured at fair value		2,400		(4,417	)
Other interest income		6		6			1,342		6

Interest income	$	72,460	$	61,676		$	80,062	$	70,060

The following table presents the components of interest expense:

Schedule of interest expense
Three Months Ended
March 31,
2022 2021
(In thousands)
Securitization trust debt $ 13,528 $ 18,453
Warehouse lines of credit 1,158 1,314
Residual interest financing 1,094 566
Subordinated renewable notes 620 613
Interest expense $ 16,400 $ 20,946

~~CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

Schedule of interest expense
	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Securitization trust debt	$	26,353	$	13,528
Warehouse lines of credit		4,848		1,158
Residual interest financing		1,050		1,094
Subordinated renewable notes		508		620

Interest expense	$	32,759	$	16,400

(6) Earnings Per Share

Earnings per share for the three-month periods ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 were calculated using the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the related period. The following table reconciles the number of shares used in the computations of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three-month periods ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021:~~ 2022:

Computation of earnings per share
Three Months Ended
March 31,
2022 2021
(In thousands)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period used to compute basic earnings per share 21,221 22,741

Incremental common shares attributable to exercise of outstanding options and warrants 6,976 2,226

Weighted average number of common shares used to compute diluted earnings per share 28,197 24,967

CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Computation of earnings per share
	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period used to compute basic earnings per share		20,418		21,221

Incremental common shares attributable to exercise of outstanding options and warrants		4,974		6,976

Weighted average number of common shares used to compute diluted earnings per share		25,392		28,197

If the anti-dilutive effects of common stock equivalents were considered, shares included in the diluted earnings per share calculation for the three-months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 would have included an additional ~~558,000~~1.7 million and ~~7.5~~558,000 ~~million~~ shares, respectively, attributable to the exercise of outstanding options and warrants.

(7) Income Taxes

We file numerous consolidated and separate income tax returns with the United States and with many states. With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to U.S. federal, state, or local examinations by tax authorities for years before 2015.

As of March ~~31,2022,~~31,2023, and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, we had no unrecognized tax benefits for uncertain tax positions. We do not anticipate that total unrecognized tax benefits will significantly change due to any settlements of audits or expirations of statutes of limitations over the next 12 months.

The Company and its subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return and combined or stand-alone state franchise tax returns for certain states. We utilize the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes, under which deferred income taxes are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to the differences between the financial statement values of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

Deferred tax assets are recognized subject to management’s judgment that realization is more likely than not. A valuation allowance is recognized for a deferred tax asset if, based on the weight of the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. In making such judgments, significant weight is given to evidence that can be objectively verified. Although realization is not assured, we believe that the realization of the recognized net deferred tax asset of $~~18.9~~9.8 million ~~million~~ as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 is more likely than not based on forecasted future net earnings. Our net deferred tax asset of ~~$18.9~~$9.8 million consists of approximately $~~11.6~~6.7 million ~~million~~ of net U.S. federal deferred tax assets and $~~7.3~~3.1 million ~~million~~ of net state deferred tax assets.

Income tax expense was $~~8.2~~4.6 million ~~million~~ for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, representing effective income tax rates of 2825%. For the prior year period, income tax expense was $~~2.8~~8.2 million ~~million~~ for the three months ended March 31, ~~2021~~2022 representing an effective tax rate of 3528%.

~~CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

(8) Legal Proceedings

Consumer Litigation. We are routinely involved in various legal proceedings resulting from our consumer finance activities and practices, both continuing and discontinued. Consumers can and do initiate lawsuits against us alleging violations of law applicable to collection of receivables, and such lawsuits sometimes allege that resolution as a class action is appropriate.

For the most part, we have legal and factual defenses to consumer claims, which we routinely contest or settle (for immaterial amounts) depending on the particular circumstances of each case. There are as of the date of this report two civil actions that could possibly result in a material liability, if resolved adversely and on a class basis, as the respective plaintiffs allege would be appropriate.

CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Following our filing of a complaint for a deficiency judgment in the Superior Court at Waterbury, Connecticut, the defendant filed a cross-claim alleging that our deficiency notices were not compliant with Connecticut law, and seeking relief on behalf of a class of Connecticut obligors whose vehicles we had repossessed. The defendant’s contract provided for resolution of disputes exclusively by arbitration, and exclusively on an individual basis, not a class basis. Nevertheless, in August 2021, the court denied our motion to compel arbitration, without opinion. In April 2022, a motion for certification of a class was filed but has not been ruled upon. It is reasonable to expect that resolution of these claims will be on a class basis.

Wage and Hour Claim. On September 24, 2018, a former employee filed a lawsuit against us in the Superior Court of Orange County, California, alleging that we incorrectly classified our sales representatives as outside salespersons exempt from overtime wages, mandatory break periods and certain other employee protective provisions of California and federal law. The complaint seeks injunctive relief, an award of unpaid wages, liquidated damages, and attorney fees and interest. The plaintiff purports to act on behalf of a class of similarly situated employees and ex-employees. As of the date of this report, no motion for class certification has been filed or granted.

We believe that our compensation practices with respect to our sales representatives are compliant with applicable law. Accordingly, we have defended and intend to continue to defend this lawsuit.

Massachusetts Civil Investigative Demand. In September 2021, we received a civil investigative demand from the Office of the Attorney General of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts relating to the Company’s communications with and repossession notices sent to Massachusetts customers. We are cooperating with the inquiry. ~~At this time, it is not possible to determine any amount of loss that is probable and measurable.~~

In General. There can be no assurance as to the outcomes of the matters described or referenced above. We record at each measurement date, most recently as of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, our best estimate of probable incurred losses for legal contingencies, including the matters identified ~~above, and consumer claims.~~above. The amount of losses that may ultimately be incurred cannot be estimated with certainty. However, based on such information as is available to us, we believe that the total of probable incurred losses for legal contingencies as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 is ~~$3.4~~$4.9 million, and that the range of reasonably possible losses for the legal proceedings and contingencies we face, including those described or identified above, as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 does not exceed ~~$11.3 million.~~$11.2 million.

Accordingly, we believe that the ultimate resolution of such legal proceedings and contingencies should not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition. We note, however, that in light of the uncertainties inherent in contested proceedings there can be no assurance that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not be material to our operating results for a particular period, depending on, among other factors, the size of the loss or liability imposed and the level of our income for that period.

(9) Fair Value Measurements

ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurements" clarifies the principle that fair value should be based on the assumptions market participants would use when pricing an asset or liability and establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the information used to develop those assumptions. Under the standard, fair value measurements would be separately disclosed by level within the fair value hierarchy.

ASC 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurement and enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The three levels are defined as follows: level 1 - inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets; level 2 – inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument; and level 3 – inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

~~CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

Effective January 2018 we have elected to use the fair value method to value our portfolio of finance receivables acquired in January 2018 and thereafter.

Our valuation policies and procedures have been developed by our Accounting department in conjunction with our Risk department and with consultation with outside valuation experts. Our policies and procedures have been approved by our Chief Executive and our Board of Directors and include methodologies for valuation, internal reporting, calibration and back testing. Our periodic review of valuations includes an analysis of changes in fair value measurements and documentation of the reasons for such changes. There is little available third-party information such as broker quotes or pricing services available to assist us in our valuation process.

CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Our level 3, unobservable inputs reflect our own assumptions about the factors that market participants use in pricing similar receivables and are based on the best information available in the circumstances. They include such inputs as estimates for the magnitude and timing of net charge-offs and the rate of amortization of the portfolio of finance receivable. Significant changes in any of those inputs in isolation would have a significant effect on our fair value measurement.

For the quarter ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company evaluated the appropriate fair value and future earnings rate of existing receivables compared to recently acquired receivables and our assessment of potential additional future net losses on the portfolio of finance receivables carried at fair value and did not record a mark down to that portfolio.

The table below presents a reconciliation of the finance receivables measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs:

Schedule of reconciliation of the finance receivables measured at fair value on a recurring basis
	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	March 31,						March 31,
	2022			2021			2023			2022
	(In thousands)						(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,749,098		$	1,523,726		$	2,476,617		$	1,749,098
Finance receivables at fair value acquired during period		393,407			205,459			352,598			393,407
Payments received on finance receivables at fair value		(209,844	)		(156,020	)		(206,626	)		(209,844	)
Net interest income accretion on fair value receivables		(31,204	)		(35,025	)		(47,472	)		(31,204	)
Mark to fair value		2,400			(4,417	)		–			2,400
Balance at end of period	$	1,903,857		$	1,533,723		$	2,575,117		$	1,903,857

The table below compares the fair values of these finance receivables to their contractual balances for the periods shown:

Finance receivables fair and contractual balances
March 31, 2022 December 31, 2021
Contractual Fair Contractual Fair
Balance Value Balance Value
(In thousands)

Finance receivables measured at fair value $ 2,133,969 $ 1,903,857 $ 1,972,699 $ 1,749,098

~~CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~

Finance receivables fair and contractual balances

March 31, 2023

December 31, 2022

Contractual

Fair

Contractual

Fair

Balance

Value

Balance

Value

(In thousands)

Finance receivables measured at fair value

2,810,908

2,575,117

2,701,184

2,476,617

The following table provides certain qualitative information about our level 3 fair value measurements:

Schedule of level 3 fair value measurements
Financial Instrument	Fair Values as of					Inputs as of
	March 31,		December 31,		Unobservable	March 31,	December 31,
	2023		2022		Inputs	2023	2022
	(In thousands)
Assets:
Finance receivables measured at fair value	$	2,575,117	$	2,476,617	Discount rate	11.0% - 11.5%	11.0% - 11.3%
					Cumulative net losses	10.0% - 20.5%	13.4% - 19.4%

Schedule of level 3 fair value measurements
Financial Instrument Fair Values as of Inputs as of
March 31, December 31, March 31, December 31,
2022 2021 Unobservable Inputs 2022 2021
(In thousands)
Assets:
Finance receivables measured at fair value $ 1,903,857 $ 1,749,098 Discount rate 9.9% - 11.3% 10.6% - 11.3%
Cumulative net losses 10.0% - 18.4% 10.00% - 18.4%

CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table summarizes the delinquency status of these finance receivables measured at fair value as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:

Schedule of delinquency status of finance receivables measured at fair value
	March 31,		December 31,		March 31,		December 31,
	2022		2021		2023		2022
	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Delinquency Status
Current	$	1,971,766	$	1,787,641	$	2,543,344	$	2,375,271
31 - 60 days		92,440		115,924		140,793		184,968
61 - 90 days		35,714		38,999		57,808		72,390
91 + days		11,248		11,564		22,656		29,048
Repo		22,801		18,571		46,307		39,507
	$	2,133,969	$	1,972,699	$	2,810,908	$	2,701,184

Repossessed vehicle inventory, which is included in Other assets on our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet, is measured at fair value using level 2 assumptions based on our actual loss experience on sale of repossessed vehicles. At March 31, ~~2022~~2023 the finance receivables related to the repossessed vehicles in inventory totaled $~~3.6~~$1.4 million. We have applied a valuation adjustment, or loss allowance, of ~~$1.6 million,~~$933,000, which is based on a recovery rate of approximately ~~56%~~34%, resulting in an estimated fair value and carrying amount of $~~2.0~~ ~~million.~~$470,000. The fair value and carrying amount of the repossessed inventory at December 31, ~~2021~~2022 was $~~2.4~~$1.9 million after applying a valuation adjustment of $~~1.9~~$1.3 million.

There were no transfers in or out of level 1, level 2 or level 3 assets and liabilities for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021.~~2022.

The estimated fair values of financial assets and liabilities at March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, were as follows:

Schedule of estimated fair values of financial assets and liabilities
As of March 31, 2022
Financial Instrument (In thousands)
Carrying Fair Value Measurements Using:
Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 21,726 $ 21,726 $ 0 $ 0 $ 21,726
Restricted cash and equivalents 164,550 164,550 0 0 164,550
Finance receivables, net 141,711 0 0 144,178 144,178
Accrued interest receivable 1,673 0 0 1,673 1,673
Liabilities:
Warehouse lines of credit $ 147,026 $ 0 $ 0 $ 147,026 $ 147,026
Accrued interest payable 3,807 0 0 3,807 3,807
Securitization trust debt 1,813,478 0 0 1,727,163 1,727,163
Subordinated renewable notes 26,756 0 0 26,756 26,756

Schedule of estimated fair values of financial assets and liabilities
	As of March 31, 2023
Financial Instrument	(In thousands)
	Carrying		Fair Value Measurements Using:
	Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	10,188	$	10,188	$	–	$	–	$	10,188
Restricted cash and equivalents		158,895		158,895		–		–		158,895
Finance receivables, net		54,805		–		–		49,104		49,104
Accrued interest receivable		86		–		–		86		86
Liabilities:
Warehouse lines of credit	$	285,809	$	–	$	–	$	285,809	$	285,809
Residual interest financing		49,686						49,686		49,686
Accrued interest payable		6,888		–		–		6,888		6,888
Securitization trust debt		2,175,068		–		–		2,098,717		2,098,717
Subordinated renewable notes		23,443		–		–		23,443		23,443


	As of December 31, 2022
Financial Instrument	(In thousands)
	Carrying		Fair Value Measurements Using:
	Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	13,490	$	13,490	$	–	$	–	$	13,490
Restricted cash and equivalents		149,299		149,299		–		–		149,299
Finance receivables, net		70,551		–		–		60,063		60,063
Accrued interest receivable		649		–		–		649		649
Liabilities:
Warehouse lines of credit	$	285,328	$	–	$	–	$	285,328	$	285,328
Accrued interest payable		6,190		–		–		6,190		6,190
Securitization trust debt		2,108,744		–		–		1,957,995		1,957,995
Subordinated renewable notes		25,263		–		–		25,263		25,263

2221

CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

As of December 31, 2021
Financial Instrument (In thousands)
Carrying Fair Value Measurements Using:
Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 29,928 $ 29,928 $ 0 $ 0 $ 29,928
Restricted cash and equivalents 146,620 146,620 0 0 146,620
Finance receivables, net 176,184 0 0 178,795 178,795
Accrued interest receivable 2,269 0 0 2,269 2,269
Liabilities:
Warehouse lines of credit $ 105,610 $ 0 $ 0 $ 105,610 $ 105,610
Accrued interest payable 3,568 0 0 3,568 3,568
Securitization trust debt 1,759,972 0 0 1,740,901 1,740,901
Subordinated renewable notes 26,459 0 0 26,459 26,459

(10) Subsequent Events

On April ~~20, 2022~~27, 2023 we executed our second securitization of ~~2022.~~2023. In the transaction, qualified institutional buyers purchased ~~$395.6~~$332.9 million of asset-backed notes secured by ~~$430.0~~$369.9 million in automobile receivables originated by CPS. The sold notes, issued by CPS Auto Receivables Trust ~~2022-B,~~2023-B, consist of five classes. Ratings of the notes were provided by Moody’s and DBRS Morningstar, and were based on the structure of the transaction, the historical performance of similar receivables and CPS’s experience as a servicer. The weighted average yield on the notes is approximately ~~4.83%~~7.17%.

The ~~2022-B~~2023-B transaction has initial credit enhancement consisting of a cash deposit equal to 1.00% of the original receivable pool balance and overcollateralization of ~~8.00%~~10.00%. The transaction agreements require accelerated payment of principal on the notes to reach overcollateralization of the lesser of ~~9.00%~~11.50% of the original receivable pool balance, or ~~25.80%~~25.00% of the then outstanding pool balance. The transaction utilizes a pre-funding structure, in which CPS sold approximately $285.8 million of receivables at inception and plans to sell approximately $144.2 million of additional receivables in May 2022. The transaction was a private offering of securities, not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, or any state securities law.

2322

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

We are a specialty finance company. Our business is to purchase and service retail automobile contracts originated primarily by franchised automobile dealers and, to a lesser extent, by select independent dealers in the United States in the sale of new and used automobiles, light trucks and passenger vans. Through our automobile contract purchases, we provide indirect financing to the customers of dealers who have limited credit histories or past credit problems, who we refer to as sub-prime customers. We serve as an alternative source of financing for dealers, facilitating sales to customers who otherwise might not be able to obtain financing from traditional sources, such as commercial banks, credit unions and the captive finance companies affiliated with major automobile manufacturers. In addition to purchasing installment purchase contracts directly from dealers, we also originate vehicle purchase money loans by lending directly to consumers and have (i) acquired installment purchase contracts in four merger and acquisition transactions, and (ii) purchased immaterial amounts of vehicle purchase money loans from non-affiliated lenders. In this report, we refer to all of such contracts and loans as "automobile contracts."

We were incorporated and began our operations in March 1991. From inception through March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we have originated a total of approximately ~~$18.5~~$20.4 billion of automobile contracts, primarily by purchasing retail installment sales contracts from dealers, and to a lesser degree, by originating loans secured by automobiles directly with consumers. In addition, we acquired a total of approximately $822.3 million of automobile contracts in mergers and acquisitions in 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2011. Recent contract purchase volumes and managed portfolio levels are shown in the table below:

~~Contract Purchases and Outstanding Managed Portfolio~~

	$ in thousands				$ in thousands
Period	Contracts Purchased in Period		Managed Portfolio at Period End		Contracts Purchased in Period		Managed Portfolio at Period End
2016		1,088,785		2,308,070
2017		859,069		2,333,530		859,069		2,333,530
2018		902,416		2,380,847		902,416		2,380,847
2019		1,002,782		2,416,042		1,002,782		2,416,042
2020		742,584		2,174,972		742,584		2,174,972
2021		1,146,321		2,249,069		1,146,321		2,249,069
Three months ended March 31, 2022		409,961		2,381,588
2022						1,845,385		3,001,308
Three months ended March 31, 2023						415,151		3,130,891

In May 2021 we began purchasing some contracts for immediate sale to a third-party to whom we refer applications that don’t meet our lending criteria. We service all such contracts on behalf of the third-party. We earn fees for originating the receivable and also servicing fees on active accounts in the third-party portfolio. For the three months ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we originated ~~$--20.6~~$60.0 million under this third-party program. As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, our managed portfolio includes ~~$57.2~~$249.0 million of such third-party receivables.

Our principal executive offices are in Las Vegas, Nevada. Most of our operational and administrative functions take place in Irvine, California. Credit and underwriting functions are performed primarily in that California branch with certain of these functions also performed in our Florida and Nevada branches. We service our automobile contracts from our California, Nevada, Virginia, Florida and Illinois branches.

The programs we offer to dealers and consumers are intended to serve a wide range of sub-prime customers, primarily through franchised new car dealers. We originate automobile contracts with the intention of financing them on a long-term basis through securitizations. Securitizations are transactions in which we sell a specified pool of contracts to a special purpose subsidiary of ours, which in turn issues asset-backed securities to fund the purchase of the pool of contracts from us.

Securitization and Warehouse Credit Facilities

Throughout the period for which information is presented in this report, we have purchased automobile contracts with the intention of financing them on a long-term basis through securitizations, and on an interim basis through warehouse credit facilities. All such financings have involved identification of specific automobile contracts, sale of those automobile contracts (and associated rights) to one of our special-purpose subsidiaries, and issuance of asset-backed securities to be purchased by institutional investors. Depending on the structure, these transactions may be accounted for under generally accepted accounting principles as sales of the automobile contracts or as secured financings. All of our active securitizations are structured as secured financings.

When structured to be treated as a secured financing for accounting purposes, the subsidiary is consolidated with us. Accordingly, the sold automobile contracts and the related debt appear as assets and liabilities, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheet. We then periodically (i) recognize interest and fee income on the contracts, and (ii) recognize interest expense on the securities issued in the transaction. For automobile contracts acquired after 2017 we take account of estimated credit losses in our computation of a level yield used to determine recognition of interest on the contracts. For contracts acquired before 2018, we adopted CECL on January 1, 2020 and we may, as circumstances warrant, record as expense provisions for credit ~~losses, as we did during the year ended December 31, 2020 because of the uncertainty related to the pandemic.~~losses.

Since 1994 we have conducted 9296 term securitizations of automobile contracts that we originated. As of March 31, ~~2022, 19~~2023, 18 of those securitizations are active and all are structured as secured financings. ~~Since September 2010 we have utilized senior subordinated structures without any financial guarantees.~~ We have generally conducted our securitizations on a quarterly basis, near the end of each calendar quarter, resulting in four securitizations per calendar year. However, in 2020, we closed only three term securitization transactions in that calendar year rather than four.

Our recent history of term securitizations is summarized in the table below:

~~Recent Asset-Backed Term Securitizations~~

Recent Asset-Backed Term Securitizations				Recent Asset-Backed Term Securitizations
	$ in thousands				$ in thousands
Period	Number of Term Securitizations	Receivables Pledged in Term Securitizations			Number of Term Securitizations		Receivables Pledged in Term Securitizations
2016	4	$	1,214,997
2017	4		870,000			4	$	870,000
2018	4		883,452			4		883,452
2019	4		1,014,124			4		1,014,124
2020	3		741,867			3		741,867
2021	4		1,145,002			4		1,145,002
Three months ended March 31, 2022	1		330,000
2022						4		1,537,383
Three months ended March 31, 2023						1		362,870

Generally, prior to a securitization transaction we fund our automobile contract purchases primarily with proceeds from warehouse credit facilities. We ~~previously had~~currently have short-term funding capacity of ~~$300~~$400 million ~~comprising three~~over two credit facilities. The first ~~$100 million~~ credit facility was established in May 2012. This facility was most recently renewed in ~~December 2020,~~July 2022, extending the revolving period to ~~December 2022,~~July 2024, with an optional amortization period through ~~December 2023.~~ July 2025. In addition, the capacity was doubled from $100 million to $200 million at the July 2022 renewal.

In November 2015, we entered into another $100 million facility. This facility was most recently renewed in ~~November 2017 and again in December 2019,~~January 2022, extending the revolving period to ~~December 2021,~~January 2024, followed by an amortization period to ~~December 2023.~~January 2026. In ~~April 2015,~~June 2022, we ~~entered into a $100 million facility that was renewed in April 2017 and again in February 2019. We repaid~~doubled the ~~outstanding balance~~capacity for this facility ~~at its maturity date in February 2021 and elected not~~from $100 million to ~~renew it. We currently have short-term funding capacity of~~ $200 million.

In a securitization and in our warehouse credit facilities, we are required to make certain representations and warranties, which are generally similar to the representations and warranties made by dealers in connection with our purchase of the automobile contracts. If we breach any of our representations or warranties, we will be obligated to repurchase the automobile contract at a price equal to the principal balance plus accrued and unpaid interest. We may then be entitled under the terms of our dealer agreement to require the selling dealer to repurchase the contract at a price equal to our purchase price, less any principal payments made by the customer. Subject to any recourse against dealers, we will bear the risk of loss on repossession and resale of vehicles under automobile contracts that we repurchase.

In a securitization, the related special purpose subsidiary may be unable to release excess cash to us if the credit performance of the securitized automobile contracts falls short of pre-determined standards. Such releases represent a material portion of the cash that we use to fund our operations. An unexpected deterioration in the performance of securitized automobile contracts could therefore have a material adverse effect on both our liquidity and results of operations.

Receivables we originate and service for third-parties are not pledged to our warehouse facilities or included in our securitizations.

Financial Covenants

Certain of our securitization transactions and our warehouse credit facilities contain various financial covenants requiring certain minimum financial ratios and results. Such covenants include maintaining minimum levels of liquidity and net worth and not exceeding maximum leverage levels. In addition, certain of our debt agreements other than our term securitizations contain cross-default provisions. Such cross-default provisions would allow the respective creditors to declare a default if an event of default occurred with respect to other indebtedness of ours, but only if such other event of default were to be accompanied by acceleration of such other indebtedness. As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we were in compliance with all such covenants.

Results of Operations

Comparison of Operating Results for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 with the three months ended March 31, ~~2021~~2022

Revenues. During the three months ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, our revenues were ~~$74.4~~$83.1 million, an increase of ~~$11.3~~$8.7 million, or ~~17.8%~~11.7%, from the prior year revenue of ~~$63.1~~$74.4 million. The primary reason for the increase in revenues ~~are~~is the ~~marks to the finance receivables measured at fair value and~~increase in interest income resulting from the increase in the average outstanding balance of finance receivables measured at fair value. Revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2022 include a $2.4 million mark up to the recorded value of the finance receivables measured at fair value. ~~This compares to a $4.4 million mark down in the prior year period.~~ The marks are estimates based on our evaluation of the appropriate fair value and future earnings rate of existing receivables compared to recently acquired receivables and increases or decreases in our estimates of future net losses. Based on this evaluation, there was no mark up or mark down to the fair value portfolio in the current year period. During the three months ended March ~~31,~~30, 2022, we reduced our estimate for expected future losses in finance receivables measured at fair value as we have observed that our previous estimates for increased losses due to the pandemic ~~hand~~had not materialized. The change in estimated losses resulted in the $2.4 million mark up for the ~~three months ended March 31, 2022.~~prior year period.

Interest income for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 increased ~~$4.0~~$10.0 million, or ~~6.0%~~14.3%, to ~~$70.1~~$80.1 million from ~~$66.1~~$70.1 million in the prior year. The primary reason for the increase in interest income is the ~~22.5%~~34.4% increase in the average balance of finance receivables measured at fair value over the prior year period. The table below shows the average balances and interest yields of the two components of our loan portfolio for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021:~~2022:

	Three Months Ended March 31,										Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022					2021					2023						2022
	(Dollars in thousands)										(Dollars in thousands)
	Average				Interest	Average				Interest	Average				Interest		Average				Interest
	Balance		Interest		Yield	Balance		Interest		Yield	Balance		Interest		Yield		Balance		Interest		Yield
Interest Earning Assets
Finance receivables	$	206,197	$	11,320	22.0%	$	451,425	$	22,105	19.6%	$	78,729	$	6,004		30.5%	$	206,197	$	11,320		22.0%
Finance receivables measured at fair value		2,067,286		58,740	11.4%		1,687,232		43,988	10.4%		2,777,869		74,058		10.7%		2,067,286		58,740		11.4%
Total	$	2,273,483	$	70,060	12.3%	$	2,138,657	$	66,093	12.4%	$	2,856,598	$	80,062		11.2%	$	2,273,483	$	70,060		12.3%

Other income was ~~$1.9~~$3.0 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared to ~~$1.4~~$1.9 million for the comparable period in ~~2021.~~2022. This ~~32.7%~~59.4% increase was primarily driven by the origination and servicing fees we earned from third party ~~receivables that began in May 2021.~~receivables. These fees were ~~$844,000~~$2.7 million for the quarter ended March 31, ~~2022.~~2023 compared to $844,000 in the prior year period.

Expenses. Our operating expenses consist largely of interest expense, provision for credit losses, employee costs, sales and general and administrative expenses. Provision for credit losses is affected by the balance and credit performance of our portfolio of finance receivables (other than our portfolio of finance receivables measured at fair value, as to which expected credit losses have the effect of reducing the internal rate of return or the recorded value applicable to such receivables). Interest expense is significantly affected by the volume of automobile contracts we purchased during the trailing 12-month period and the use of our warehouse facilities and asset-backed securitizations to finance those contracts. Employee costs and general and administrative expenses are incurred as applications and automobile contracts are received, processed and serviced. Factors that affect margins and net income include changes in the automobile and automobile finance market environments, and macroeconomic factors such as interest rates and changes in the unemployment level.

Employee costs include base salaries, commissions and bonuses paid to employees, and certain expenses related to the accounting treatment of outstanding stock options and are one of our most significant operating expenses. These costs (other than those relating to stock options) generally fluctuate with the level of applications and automobile contracts purchased and serviced.

Other operating expenses consist largely of facilities expenses, telephone and other communication services, credit services, computer services, sales and advertising expenses, and depreciation and amortization.

Total operating expenses were ~~$45.0~~$64.7 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, compared to ~~$55.2~~$45.0 million for the prior period, ~~a decrease~~an increase of ~~$10.1~~$19.6 million, or ~~18.4%~~43.6%. The ~~decrease~~increase is primarily due to ~~decreases~~increases in interest expense and ~~provisions for credit losses.~~general and administrative expenses.

Employee costs were ~~$22.2~~$22.0 million during the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared to ~~$20.2~~$22.2 million for the same quarter in the prior year. The table below summarizes our employees by category as well as contract purchases and units in our managed portfolio as of, and for the three-month periods ended, March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021:~~2022:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended March 30,
	2022		2021		2023		2022
	(Dollars in millions)				(Dollars in millions)
Contracts purchased (dollars)	$	410.0	$	205.5	$	415.2	$	410.0
Contracts purchased (units)		17,798		10,736		20,888		17,798
Managed portfolio outstanding (dollars)	$	2,381.6	$	2,119.1	$	2,881.8	$	2,381.6
Managed portfolio outstanding (units)		158,844		158,933		175,197		158,844

Number of Originations staff		178		160		184		178
Number of Sales staff		125		102		108		125
Number of Servicing staff		374		446		401		374
Number of other staff		81		75		86		81
Total number of employees		758		783		779		758

General and administrative expenses include costs associated with purchasing and servicing our portfolio of finance receivables, including expenses for facilities, credit services, and telecommunications. General and administrative expenses ~~were~~was $11.4 million, an increase from $8.2 ~~million, a decrease from $7.7~~ million in the previous year and represented ~~18.3%~~17.6% of total operating expenses.

Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022 were $16.4~~2023 was $32.8 million and represented ~~36.4%~~50.7% of total operating expenses, compared to ~~$20.9~~$16.4 million in the previous year, when it was ~~38.0%~~36.4% of total operating expenses.

Interest on securitization trust debt ~~decreased~~increased by ~~$4.9~~$10.7 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared to the prior period. The average balance of securitization trust debt ~~decreased~~increased to $2,283.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $1,808.5 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022 compared to $1,876.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. In addition, the blended interest rates on new term securitizations have declined since 2020.~~2022. The annualized average rate on our securitization trust debt was ~~3.0%~~4.2% for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared to ~~3.9%~~3.0% in the prior year period. The blended interest rates on new term securitizations have been increasing since 2022. For each quarterly securitization transaction, the blended cost of funds is ultimately the result of many factors including the market interest rates for benchmark swaps of various maturities against which our bonds are priced and the margin over those benchmarks that investors are willing to accept, which in turn, is influenced by investor demand for our bonds at the time of the securitization. These and other factors have resulted in fluctuations in our securitization trust debt interest costs. The blended interest rates of our recent securitizations are summarized in the table below:

~~Blended Cost of Funds on Recent Asset-Backed~~

~~Term Securitizations~~

Period		Blended Cost of Funds
~~January 2018~~		~~3.46%~~
~~April 2018~~		~~3.98%~~
~~July 2018~~		~~4.18%~~
~~October 2018~~		~~4.25%~~
~~January 2019~~		~~4.22%~~
~~April 2019~~		~~3.95%~~
~~July 2019~~		~~3.36%~~
~~October 2019~~		~~2.95%~~
January 2020		3.08%
June 2020		4.09%
September 2020		2.39%
January 2021		1.11%
April 2021		1.65%
July 2021		1.55%
October 2021		2.09%
January 2022		2.54%

April 2022		274.83%
July 2022		6.02%
October 2022		8.48%
January 2023		6.48%

Interest expense on warehouse credit line debt increased by ~~$156,000~~$3.1 million to ~~$1.2~~$4.3 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared to ~~$1.3~~$1.2 million in the prior year period. The increase was due to the higher utilization of our credit lines during the quarter compared to last year. The average balance of our warehouse debt was ~~$66.5~~$194.9 million during the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared to ~~$50.3~~$66.5 million for the same period in ~~2021.~~2022.

Interest expense on subordinated renewable notes was ~~$620,000~~$508,000 for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022.~~2023. The average balance of the outstanding subordinated debt ~~increased 19.6%~~decreased 9.1% to ~~$26.5~~$24.1 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared to ~~$22.2~~$26.5 million for the prior year. The average yield of subordinated notes decreased to ~~9.3%~~8.4% compared to ~~11.0%~~9.3% in the prior period.

In May 2018 and June 2021, we completed two residual interest financings of our residual interests from previously issued securitizations in the amounts of $40.0 million and $50.0 million, respectively. Interest expense on these residual interest financings was ~~$1.1 million~~$983,000 for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared to ~~$566,000~~$1.1 million in the prior year period.

The following table presents the components of interest income and interest expense and a net interest yield analysis for the three-month periods ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021:~~2022:

	Three Months Ended March 31,										Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022					2021					2023						2022
											(Dollars in thousands)
					Annualized					Annualized					Annualized						Annualized
	Average				Average	Average				Average	Average				Average		Average				Average
	Balance (1)		Interest		Yield/Rate	Balance (1)		Interest		Yield/Rate	Balance (1)		Interest		Yield/Rate		Balance (1)		Interest		Yield/Rate
Interest Earning Assets
Finance receivables gross (2)	$	206,197	$	11,320	22.0%	$	451,425	$	22,105	19.6%	$	78,729	$	6,004		30.5%	$	206,197	$	11,320		22.0%
Finance receivables at fair value		2,067,286		58,740	11.4%		1,687,232		43,988	10.4%		2,777,869		74,058		10.7%		2,067,286		58,740		11.4%
		2,273,483		70,060	12.3%		2,138,657		66,093	12.4%		2,856,598		80,062		11.2%		2,273,483		70,060		12.3%

Interest Bearing Liabilities
Warehouse lines of credit	$	66,465		1,158	7.0%	$	50,322		1,314	10.4%	$	194,918		4,303		8.8%	$	66,465		1,158		7.0%
Residual interest financing		51,978		1,094	8.4%		22,011		566	10.3%		50,000		983		7.9%		51,978		1,094		8.4%
Securitization trust debt		1,808,501		13,528	3.0%		1,876,807		18,453	3.9%		2,283,258		24,214		4.2%		1,808,501		13,528		3.0%
Subordinated renewable notes		26,526		620	9.3%		22,180		612	11.0%		24,119		508		8.4%		26,526		620		9.3%
	$	1,953,470		16,400	3.4%	$	1,971,320		20,945	4.2%	$	2,552,295		30,008		4.7%	$	1,953,470		16,400		3.4%

Net interest income/spread			$	53,660				$	45,148				$	50,054					$	53,660
Net interest yield (3)					8.9%					8.2%						6.5%						8.9%
Ratio of average interest earning assets to average interest bearing liabilities					116%					108%
Ratio of average interest earning assets
to average interest bearing liabilities																112%						116%

~~_______________~~

(1)

Average balances are based on month end balances except for warehouse lines of credit, which are based on daily ~~balances~~balances.

(2)

Net of deferred fees and direct ~~costs~~costs.

(3)

Annualized net interest income divided by average interest earning ~~assets~~assets.

2827

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Compared to March 31, 2021
Total Change Due Change Due
Change to Volume to Rate
(In thousands)
Interest Earning Assets
Finance receivables gross $ (10,785 ) $ (12,022 ) $ 1,237
Finance receivables at fair value 14,752 9,584 5,168
3,967 (2,438 ) 6,405
Interest Bearing Liabilities
Warehouse lines of credit (156 ) 409 (565 )
Residual interest financing 528 775 (247 )
Securitization trust debt (4,925 ) (856 ) (4,069 )
Subordinated renewable notes 8 114 (106 )
(4,545 ) 442 (4,987 )

Net interest income/spread $ 8,512 $ (2,880 ) $ 11,392

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Compared to March 31, 2022
	Total			Change Due			Change Due
	Change			to Volume			to Rate
	(In thousands)
Interest Earning Assets
Finance receivables gross	$	(5,316	)	$	(6,989	)	$	1,673
Finance receivables at fair value		15,318			20,179			(4,861	)
		10,002			13,190			(3,188	)
Interest Bearing Liabilities
Warehouse lines of credit		3,145			2,268			877
Residual interest financing		(111	)		(48	)		(63	)
Securitization trust debt		10,686			3,836			6,850
Subordinated renewable notes		(112	)		(52	)		(60	)
		13,608			6,004			7,604

Net interest income/spread	$	(3,606	)	$	7,186		$	(10,792	)

The ~~reduction in the~~ annualized yield on our finance receivables was 11.2% for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022 compared to~~2023 and 12.3% for the ~~prior year~~same period ~~is the result of the lower interest yield on the receivables measured at fair value.~~in 2022. The interest yield on receivables measured at fair value is reduced to take account of expected losses and is therefore less than the yield on other finance receivables. The average balance of these fair value receivables was ~~$2,067.3~~$2,777.9 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared to ~~$1,687.2~~$2,067.3 million in the prior year period.

~~Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted~~ ~~Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.~~ The amendment introduces a new credit reserving model known as the Current Expected Credit Loss model, generally referred to as CECL. Adoption of CECL required the establishment of an allowance for the remaining expected lifetime credit losses on the portion of the Company’s receivable portfolio that was originated prior to January 2018. The Company recorded an addition to its allowance for finance credit losses of $127.0 million upon its adoption of CECL in January 2020. In accordance with the rules for adopting CECL, the offset to the addition to the allowance for finance credit losses was a tax affected reduction to retained earnings using the modified retrospective method.

For the three months ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we recorded a reduction to provision for credit losses on finance receivables in the amount of ~~$9.4~~$9.0 million. The reserve decrease was primarily due to a decrease in lifetime expected credit losses resulting from improved credit performance as our previous estimates for future losses exceeded actual incurred losses. ~~There were no additions or~~This compares to $9.4 million in reductions to provision for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

Our evaluation of the allowance for credit losses indicated that the reserves against future losses are adequate as of March 31, ~~2022.~~2023. Although we have not yet seen a meaningful deterioration in the credit performance for these receivables, ~~as a result of the pandemic, we expect that the absence of any additional government stimulus payments, the expiration of the eviction moratorium~~worsening economic conditions, inflation and a reversion to the mean for used car pricing could negatively affect credit performance in the future.

The allowance applies only to our finance receivables originated through December 2017, which we refer to as our legacy portfolio. Finance receivables that we have originated since January 2018 are accounted for at fair value. Under the fair value method of accounting, we recognize interest income net of expected credit losses. Thus, no provision for credit loss expense is recorded for finance receivables measured at fair value.

Sales expense consists primarily of commission-based compensation paid to our employee sales representatives. Our sales representatives earn a salary plus commissions based on volume of contract purchases and sales of ancillary products and services that we offer our ~~dealers, such as training programs, internet lead sales, and direct mail products.~~dealers. Sales expense increased ~~by $1.4 million~~ to ~~$5.4~~$5.7 million during the three months ended March 31, ~~2022 and represented 12.0% of total operating expenses.~~2023 from $5.4 million in the same quarter in 2022. We purchased ~~$410.0~~$415.2 million of new contracts during the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared to ~~$205.5~~$410.0 million in the prior year period.

Occupancy expenses was ~~$1.9~~$1.5 million for the three months ending March 31, ~~2022 and 2021.~~2023, which is down from the $1.9 million in the first quarter of 2022.

Depreciation and amortization expenses decreased to ~~$417,000~~$231,000 compared to ~~$428,000~~$417,000 in the previous year and represented ~~0.9%~~0.4% of total operating expenses.

For the three months ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we recorded income tax expense of ~~$8.2~~$4.6 million, representing a ~~28%~~25% effective tax rate. In the prior period, our income tax expense was ~~$2.9~~$8.2 million, representing a ~~35%~~28% effective tax rate.

2928

Credit Experience

Our financial results are dependent on the performance of the automobile contracts in which we retain an ownership interest. Broad economic factors such as recession and significant changes in unemployment levels influence the credit performance of our portfolio, as does the weighted average age of the receivables at any given time. The tables below document the delinquency, repossession and net credit loss experience of all such automobile contracts that we originated or own an interest in as of the respective dates shown.

Delinquency, Repossession and Extension Experience (1)

Total Owned Portfolio

March 31, 2022 March 31, 2021 December 31, 2021
Number of Number of Number of
Contracts Amount Contracts Amount Contracts Amount
(Dollars in thousands)
Delinquency Experience
Gross servicing portfolio (1) 155,812 $ 2,324,354 158,933 $ 2,119,073 154,151 $ 2,209,430
Period of delinquency (2) .
   31-60 days 8,451 $ 114,865 7,108 $ 94,067 10,895 $ 146,904
   61-90 days 3,384 44,966 2,496 31,797 3,939 51,069
   91+ days 1,051 13,366 822 8,416 1,171 14,280
Total delinquencies (2) 12,886 173,197 10,426 134,280 16,005 212,253
Amount in repossession (3) 2,100 26,442 2,448 30,353 1,882 22,912
Total delinquencies and amount in repossession (2) 14,986 $ 199,639 12,874 $ 164,633 17,887 $ 235,165

Delinquencies as a percentage of gross servicing portfolio 8.3% 7.5% 6.6% 6.3% 10.4% 9.6%

Total delinquencies and amount in repossession as a percentage of gross servicing portfolio 9.6% 8.6% 8.1% 7.8% 11.6% 10.6%

Extension Experience
Contracts with one extension, accruing 23,338 $ 329,236 28,384 $ 388,637 23,740 $ 328,128

Contracts with two or more extensions, accruing 43,894 475,413 54,882 640,154 46,541 513,183
67,232 804,649 83,266 1,028,791 70,281 841,311

Contracts with one extension, non-accrual (4) 591 7,632 130 1,510 597 7,736

Contracts with two or more extensions, non-accrual (4) 1,326 14,155 488 5,328 1,414 15,128
1,917 21,787 618 6,838 2,011 22,864

Total contracts with extensions 69,149 $ 826,436 83,884 $ 1,035,629 72,292 $ 864,175

	March 31, 2023				March 31, 2022				December 31, 2022
	Number of				Number of				Number of
	Contracts		Amount		Contracts		Amount		Contracts		Amount
	(Dollars in thousands)
Delinquency Experience
Gross servicing portfolio (1)		175,197	$	2,881,844		155,812	$	2,324,354		170,658	$	2,795,383
Period of delinquency (2)		.
31-60 days		10,057	$	151,743		8,451	$	114,865		13,434	$	201,764
61-90 days		4,306		62,577		3,384		44,966		5,481		80,145
91+ days		1,660		23,839		1,051		13,366		2,148		31,036
Total delinquencies (2)		16,023		238,159		12,886		173,197		21,063		312,946
Amount in repossession (3)		3,246		47,710		2,100		26,442		2,904		41,401
Total delinquencies and amount in repossession (2)		19,269	$	285,869		14,986	$	199,639		23,967	$	354,347

Delinquencies as a percentage of gross servicing portfolio		9.1%		8.3%		8.3%		7.5%		12.3%		11.2%

Total delinquencies and amount in repossession as a percentage of gross servicing portfolio		11.0%		9.9%		9.6%		8.6%		14.0%		12.7%

Extension Experience
Contracts with one extension, accruing		30,126	$	530,950		23,338	$	329,236		27,584	$	464,323
Contracts with two or more extensions, accruing		38,838		431,936		43,894		475,413		38,714		417,682
		68,964		962,886		67,232		804,649		66,298		882,005

Contracts with one extension, non-accrual (4)		1,072		16,770		591		7,632		981		14,792
Contracts with two or more extensions, non-accrual (4)		1,167		12,641		1,326		14,155		1,485		15,395
		2,239		29,411		1,917		21,787		2,466		30,187

Total contracts with extensions		71,203	$	992,297		69,149	$	826,436		68,764	$	912,192

~~_______________________~~________________________

(1) All amounts and percentages are based on the amount remaining to be repaid on each automobile contract, including, for pre-computed automobile contracts, any unearned interest. The information in the table represents the gross principal amount of all automobile contracts we have purchased, including automobile contracts subsequently sold in securitization transactions that we continue to service. The table does not include certain contracts we have serviced for third parties on which we earn servicing fees only and have no credit risk.

(2) We consider an automobile contract delinquent when an obligor fails to make at least 90% of a contractually due payment by the following due date, which date may have been extended within limits specified in the Servicing Agreements. The period of delinquency is based on the number of days payments are contractually past due. Automobile contracts less than 31 days delinquent are not included. The delinquency aging categories shown in the tables reflect the effect of extensions.

(3) Amount in repossession represents financed vehicles that have been repossessed but not yet liquidated.

(4) Amount in repossession and accounts past due more than 90 days are on non-accrual.

3029

Net Charge-Off Experience (1)

Total Owned Portfolio

Finance Receivables Portfolio
March 31, March 31, December 31,
2022 2021 2021
(Dollars in thousands)
Average servicing portfolio outstanding $ 206,197 $ 451,425 $ 345,021
Annualized net charge-offs as a percentage of average servicing portfolio (2) 0.8% 12.6% 7.7%

Fair Value Receivables Portfolio
March 31, March 31, December 31,
2022 2021 2021
(Dollars in thousands)
Average servicing portfolio outstanding $ 2,067,286 $ 1,687,232 $ 1,802,590
Annualized net charge-offs as a percentage of average servicing portfolio (2) 3.5% 4.6% 3.1%

	Total Owned Portfolio						Finance Receivables Portfolio
	March 31,		March 31,		December 31,		March 31,		March 31,		December 31,
	2022		2021		2021		2023		2022		2022
	(Dollars in thousands)						(Dollars in thousands)
Average servicing portfolio outstanding	$	2,273,483	$	2,138,657	$	2,147,611	$	2,856,598	$	2,273,483	$	2,539,110
Annualized net charge-offs as a percentage of average servicing portfolio (2)		3.3%		6.3%		4.7%		5.2%		3.3%		4.5%

_________________________

(1) All amounts and percentages are based on the principal amount scheduled to be paid on each automobile contract, net of unearned income on pre-computed automobile contracts.

(2) Net charge-offs include the remaining principal balance, after the application of the net proceeds from the liquidation of the vehicle (excluding accrued and unpaid interest) and amounts collected subsequent to the date of charge-off, including some recoveries which have been classified as other income in the accompanying interim consolidated financial statements. March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and March 31, ~~2021~~2022 percentages represent three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and March 31, ~~2021~~2022 annualized. December 31, ~~2021~~2022 represents 12 months ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

Extensions

In certain circumstances we will grant obligors one-month payment extensions to assist them with temporary cash flow problems. In general, we are bound by our securitization agreements to refrain from agreeing to more than two such extensions in any 12-month period and to more than six over the life of the contract. The only modification of terms is to advance the obligor’s next due date by one month and extend the maturity date of the receivable by one month. In some cases, a two-month extension may be granted. There are no other concessions such as a reduction in interest rate, forgiveness of principal or of accrued interest. Accordingly, we consider such extensions to be insignificant delays in payments rather than troubled debt restructurings. Because financial regulatory authorities have encouraged obligors to expect payment deferrals as a response to the pandemic, we may seek amendments or waivers of our securitization agreements to relax the limits on extensions; however, we have not sought such changes in terms as of the date of this report, and if we do seek such changes, there can be no assurance that the other parties to our securitization agreements will agree to such amendments or waivers, nor as to the effect on credit performance that may result if such amendments or waivers are agreed to.

The basic question in deciding to grant an extension is whether or not we will (a) be delaying the inevitable repossession and liquidation or (b) risk losing the vehicle as a result of not being able to locate the obligor and vehicle. In both of those situations, the loss would likely be higher than if the vehicle had been repossessed without the extension. The benefits of granting an extension include minimizing current losses and delinquencies, minimizing lifetime losses, getting the obligor’s account current (or close to it) and building goodwill so that the obligor might prioritize us over other creditors on future payments. Our servicing staff are trained to identify when a past due obligor is facing a temporary problem that may be resolved with an extension. In some cases, the extension will be granted in conjunction with our receiving all or a portion of a past due payment from the obligor, thereby indicating an additional monetary and psychological commitment to the contract on the obligor’s part.

The credit assessment for granting an extension is initially made by our collector, who bases the recommendation on the collector’s discussions with the obligor. In such assessments the collector will consider, among other things, the following factors: (1) the reason the obligor has fallen behind in payment; (2) whether or not the reason for the delinquency is temporary, and if it is, have conditions changed such that the obligor can begin making regular monthly payments again after the extension; (3) the obligor's past payment history, including past extensions if applicable; (4) the obligor’s willingness to communicate and cooperate on resolving the delinquency; and (5) a numeric score from our internal risk assessment system that indicating the likelihood that the extension will prove beneficial. If the collector believes the obligor is a good candidate for an extension, an approval is obtained from a supervisor, who will review the same factors stated above prior to offering the extension to the obligor. After receiving an extension, an account remains subject to our normal policies and procedures for interest accrual, reporting delinquency and recognizing charge-offs.

We believe that a prudent extension program is an integral component to mitigating losses in our portfolio of sub-prime automobile receivables. The table below summarizes the status, as of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, for accounts that received extensions from 2008 through ~~2020:~~2021:

Period of Extension	# Extensions Granted	Active or Paid Off at March 31, 2022	% Active or Paid Off at March 31, 2022	Charged Off > 6 Months After Extension	% Charged Off > 6 Months After Extension	Charged Off <= 6 Months After Extension	% Charged Off <= 6 Months After Extension	Avg Months to Charge Off Post Extension	# Extensions Granted		Active or Paid Off at March 31, 2023		% Active or Paid Off at March 31, 2023		Charged Off > 6 Months After Extension		% Charged Off > 6 Months After Extension		Charged Off <= 6 Months After Extension		% Charged Off <= 6 Months After Extension		Avg Months to Charge Off Post Extension

2008	35,588	10,708	30.1%	20,061	56.4%	4,819	13.5%	19		35,588		10,708		30.1%		20,060		56.4%		4,819		13.5%		19

2009	32,226	10,273	31.9%	16,170	50.2%	5,783	17.9%	17		32,226		10,273		31.9%		16,168		50.2%		5,783		17.9%		17

2010	26,167	12,159	46.5%	12,009	45.9%	1,999	7.6%	19		26,167		12,159		46.5%		12,006		45.9%		1,999		7.6%		19

2011	18,786	10,972	58.4%	6,882	36.6%	932	5.0%	19		18,786		10,972		58.4%		6,882		36.6%		932		5.0%		19

2012	18,783	11,320	60.3%	6,667	35.5%	796	4.2%	18		18,783		11,320		60.3%		6,667		35.5%		796		4.2%		18

2013	23,398	11,152	47.7%	11,270	48.2%	976	4.2%	23		23,398		11,143		47.6%		11,279		48.2%		976		4.2%		23

2014	25,773	10,521	40.8%	14,426	56.0%	826	3.2%	25		25,773		10,477		40.7%		14,470		56.1%		826		3.2%		25

2015	53,319	22,588	42.4%	29,649	55.6%	1,082	2.0%	26		53,319		22,308		41.8%		29,929		56.1%		1,082		2.0%		26

2016	80,897	37,510	46.4%	41,454	51.2%	1,933	2.4%	25		80,897		36,583		45.2%		42,381		52.4%		1,933		2.4%		26

2017	133,881	63,538	47.5%	63,417	47.4%	6,926	5.2%	21		133,881		60,862		45.5%		66,093		49.4%		6,926		5.2%		22

2018	121,531	68,889	56.7%	46,635	38.4%	6,007	4.9%	18		121,531		65,205		53.7%		50,319		41.4%		6,007		4.9%		19

2019	71,548	53,433	74.7%	16,173	22.6%	1,942	2.7%	15		71,548		50,037		69.9%		19,569		27.4%		1,942		2.7%		18

2020	83,170	69,458	83.5%	11,613	14.0%	2,099	2.5%	11		83,170		63,400		76.2%		14,354		17.3%		2,099		2.5%		15

2021										47,029		39,063		83.1%		6,565		14.0%		1,236		2.6%		11

~~______________________~~

_________________

Note: Table excludes extensions on portfolios serviced for third parties

We view these results as a confirmation of the effectiveness of our extension program. For example, of the accounts granted extensions in ~~2018, 56.7%~~2019, 69.9% were either paid in full or active and performing as of March 31, ~~2022.~~2023. Each of these successful accounts represent continued payments of interest and principal (including payment in full in many cases), where without the extension we likely would have incurred a substantial loss and no interest revenue after the extension.

For the extension accounts that ultimately charge off, we consider any that charged off more than six months after the extension to be at least partially successful. For example, of the accounts granted extensions in 2012 that subsequently charged off, such charge offs occurred, on average, 18 months after the extension, indicating that even in the cases of an ultimate loss, the obligor serviced the account with additional payments of principal and interest.

Additional information about our extensions is provided in the tables below:

	Three Months Ended March 31,	Year Ended December 31,	Three Months Ended March 31,	Three Months Ended March 31,		Year Ended December 31,		Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022	2021	2021	2023		2022		2022

Average number of extensions granted per month	4,061	3,918	3,535		6,089		4,869		4,061

Average number of outstanding accounts	154,729	157,076	160,448		173,731		162,264		154,729

Average monthly extensions as % of average outstandings	2.6%	2.5%	2.2%		3.5%		3.0%		2.6%

~~______________________~~

_________________

Note: Table excludes portfolios originated and owned by third parties

	March 31, 2022				March 31, 2021				December 31, 2021				March 31, 2023				March 31, 2022				December 31, 2022
	Number of Contracts		Amount		Number of Contracts		Amount		Number of Contracts		Amount		Number of Contracts		Amount		Number of Contracts		Amount		Number of Contracts		Amount
					(Dollars in thousands)												(Dollars in thousands)

Contracts with one extension		23,929	$	336,868		28,514	$	390,146		24,337	$	335,864		31,198	$	547,720		23,929	$	336,868		28,565	$	479,114
Contracts with two extensions		14,834		185,348		18,664		247,272		15,861		200,705		14,365		201,960		14,834		185,348		13,730		180,547
Contracts with three extensions		11,271		129,519		12,720		152,871		11,755		136,970		9,557		105,955		11,271		129,519		9,837		108,986
Contracts with four extensions		8,810		88,758		10,235		111,789		9,272		95,182		7,672		72,951		8,810		88,758		7,938		76,219
Contracts with five extensions		6,195		54,982		7,827		79,510		6,531		59,651		5,295		43,085		6,195		54,982		5,425		45,519
Contracts with six extensions		4,110		30,960		5,924		54,040		4,536		35,803		3,116		20,626		4,110		30,960		3,269		21,806
		69,149	$	826,435		83,884	$	1,035,628		72,292	$	864,175		71,203	$	992,297		69,149	$	826,435		68,764	$	912,191

Managed portfolio (excluding originated and owned by 3rd parties)		155,812	$	2,324,354		158,933	$	2,119,073		154,151	$	2,209,430		166,370	$	2,687,308		156,456	$	2,184,142		154,151	$	2,209,430

~~______________________~~

_________________

Note: Table excludes portfolios originated and owned by third parties

Since ~~January of~~ 2019, we have ~~attempted~~been able to reduce extensions by working with our servicing staff to be more selective in granting extensions including, where appropriate, to exhaust all possibilities of payment by the customer before granting an extension. However, as delinquency rates have risen, so has the average number of extensions granted.

Non-Accrual Receivables

It is not uncommon for our obligors to fall behind in their payments. However, with the diligent efforts of our Servicing staff and systems for managing our collection efforts, we regularly work with our customers to resolve delinquencies. Our staff are trained to employ a counseling approach to assist our customers with their cash flow management skills and help them to prioritize their payment obligations in order to avoid losing their vehicle to repossession. Through our experience, we have learned that once a customer becomes greater than 90 days past due, it is not likely that the delinquency will be resolved and will ultimately result in a charge-off. As a result, we do not recognize any interest income for contracts that are greater than 90 days past due.

If a contract exceeds the 90 days past due threshold at the end of one period, and then makes the necessary payments such that it becomes less than or equal to 90 days delinquent at the end of a subsequent period, it would be restored to full accrual status for our financial reporting purposes. At the time a contract is restored to full accrual in this manner, there can be no assurance that full repayment of interest and principal will ultimately be made. However, we monitor each obligor’s payment performance and are aware of the severity of his delinquency at any time. The fact that the delinquency has been reduced below the 90-day threshold is a positive indicator. Should the contract again exceed the 90-day delinquency level at the end of any reporting period, it would again be reflected as a non-accrual account.

Our policy for placing a contract on non-accrual status is independent of our policy to grant an extension. In practice, it would be an uncommon circumstance where an extension was granted and the account remained in a non-accrual status, since the goal of the extension is to bring the contract current (or nearly current).

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our business requires substantial cash to support our purchases of automobile contracts and other operating activities. Our primary sources of cash have been cash flows from the proceeds from term securitization transactions and other sales of automobile contracts, amounts borrowed under various revolving credit facilities (also sometimes known as warehouse credit facilities), customer payments of principal and interest on finance receivables, fees for origination of automobile contracts, and releases of cash from securitization transactions and their related spread accounts. Our primary uses of cash have been the purchases of automobile contracts, repayment of amounts borrowed under lines of credit, securitization transactions and otherwise, operating expenses such as employee, interest, occupancy expenses and other general and administrative expenses, the establishment of spread accounts and initial overcollateralization, if any, the increase of credit enhancement to required levels in securitization transactions, and income taxes. There can be no assurance that internally generated cash will be sufficient to meet our cash demands. The sufficiency of internally generated cash will depend on the performance of securitized pools (which determines the level of releases from those pools and their related spread accounts), the rate of expansion or contraction in our managed portfolio, and the terms upon which we are able to acquire and borrow against automobile contracts.

Net cash provided by operating activities for the three-month period ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 was ~~$68.3~~$65.1 million, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~$2.9~~$3.2 million, compared to net cash provided by operating activities for the three-month period ended March 31, ~~2021~~2022 of ~~$65.4~~$68.3 million. Net cash from operating activities is generally provided by net income from operations adjusted for significant non-cash items such as our provision for credit losses and marks to finance receivables measured at fair value.

Net cash used in investing activities was ~~$139.5~~$121.2 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022.~~2023 compared to $139.5 million in the prior year period. Net cash provided by investing activities for the three-month period ended March 31, 2021 was $23.9 million. Cash provided by investing activities primarily results from principal payments and other proceeds received on finance receivables. Cash used in investing activities generally relates to new purchases of automobile ~~contracts.~~contracts net of principal payments and other proceeds received during the period. Purchases of finance receivables excluding acquisition fees were ~~$393.4~~$353.9 million and ~~$205.5~~$393.4 million during the first three months of ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 was ~~$80.9~~$62.3 million compared to ~~net cash used in financing activities of $64.8~~$80.9 million in the prior year period. Cash provided by financing activities is primarily related to the issuance of securitization trust debt, reduced by the amount of repayment of securitization trust debt and net proceeds or repayments on our warehouse lines of credit and other debt. In the first three months of ~~2022,~~2023, we issued ~~$316.8~~$324.8 million in new securitization trust debt compared to ~~$230.5~~$316.8 million infor the same period ~~of 2021.~~in 2022. We repaid ~~$262.7~~$258.2 million in securitization trust debt in the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared to repayments of securitization trust debt of ~~$242.5~~$262.7 million in the prior year period. In the three months ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we had net ~~advances~~repayments on warehouse lines of credit of $7,000, compared to net proceeds from warehouse lines of credit of $42.2 million ~~compared to net repayments of $48.3 million~~ in the prior year’s period.

We purchase automobile contracts from dealers for a cash price approximately equal to their principal amount, adjusted for an acquisition fee which may either increase or decrease the automobile contract purchase price. Those automobile contracts generate cash flow, however, over a period of years. We have been dependent on warehouse credit facilities to purchase automobile contracts and our securitization transactions for long term financing of our contracts. In addition, we have accessed other sources, such as residual financings and subordinated debt in order to finance our continuing operations.

The acquisition of automobile contracts for subsequent financing in securitization transactions, and the need to fund spread accounts and initial overcollateralization, if any, and increase credit enhancement levels when those transactions take place, results in a continuing need for capital. The amount of capital required is most heavily dependent on the rate of our automobile contract purchases, the required level of initial credit enhancement in securitizations, and the extent to which the previously established trusts and their related spread accounts either release cash to us or capture cash from collections on securitized automobile contracts. Of those, the factor most subject to our control is the rate at which we purchase automobile contracts.

We are and may in the future be limited in our ability to purchase automobile contracts due to limits on our capital. As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we had unrestricted cash of ~~$21.7~~$10.2 million and ~~$53.0~~$114.2 million aggregate available borrowings under our two warehouse credit facilities (assuming the availability of sufficient eligible collateral). As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we had approximately ~~$93.9~~$26.4 million of such eligible collateral. Our plans to manage our liquidity include maintaining our rate of automobile contract purchases at a level that matches our available capital, and, as appropriate, minimizing our operating costs. During the three-month period ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we completed one ~~securitizations~~securitization aggregating ~~$316.8~~$324.8 million of notes sold.

Our liquidity will also be affected by releases of cash from the trusts established with our securitizations. While the specific terms and mechanics of each spread account vary among transactions, our securitization agreements generally provide that we will receive excess cash flows, if any, only if the amount of credit enhancement has reached specified levels and the net losses related to the automobile contracts in the pool are below certain predetermined levels. In the event delinquencies or net losses on the automobile contracts exceed such levels, the terms of the securitization may require increased credit enhancement to be accumulated for the particular pool. There can be no assurance that collections from the related trusts will continue to generate sufficient cash.

Our warehouse credit facilities contain various financial covenants requiring certain minimum financial ratios and results. Such covenants include maintaining minimum levels of liquidity and net worth and not exceeding maximum leverage levels. In addition, certain of our debt agreements other than our term securitizations contain cross-default provisions. Such cross-default provisions would allow the respective creditors to declare a default if an event of default occurred with respect to other indebtedness of ours, but only if such other event of default were to be accompanied by acceleration of such other indebtedness. As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we were in compliance with all such financial covenants.

We have and will continue to have a substantial amount of indebtedness. At March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we had approximately ~~$2,036.7~~$2,534.0 million of debt outstanding. Such debt consisted primarily of ~~$1,813.5~~$2,175.1 million of securitization trust debt and ~~$147.0~~$285.8 million of debt from warehouse lines of credit. Our securitization trust debt has increased by ~~$53.5~~$66.3 million while our warehouse lines of credit debt has increased by ~~$41.4 million~~$481,000 since December 31, ~~2021~~2022 (each net of deferred financing costs). Since 2005, we have offered renewable subordinated notes to the public on a continuous basis, and such notes have maturities that range from six months to 10 years. We had ~~$26.8~~$23.4 million and ~~$26.5~~$25.3 million in subordinated renewable notes outstanding at March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. On June 30, 2021, we completed a $50.0 million securitization of residual interests from other previously issued securitizations. As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, all $50.0 million of this debt remains outstanding.

Although we believe we are able to service and repay our debt, there is no assurance that we will be able to do so. If our plans for future operations do not generate sufficient cash flows and earnings, our ability to make required payments on our debt would be impaired. If we fail to pay our indebtedness when due, it could have a material adverse effect on us and may require us to issue additional debt or equity securities.

Forward Looking Statements

This report on Form 10-Q includes certain “forward-looking statements.” Forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of words such as “anticipates,” “expects,” “plans,” “estimates,” or words of like meaning. Our provision for credit losses is a forward-looking statement, as it is dependent on our estimates as to future chargeoffs and recovery rates. Factors that could affect charge-offs and recovery rates include changes in the general economic climate, which could affect the willingness or ability of obligors to pay pursuant to the terms of automobile contracts, changes in laws respecting consumer finance, which could affect our ability to enforce rights under automobile contracts, and changes in the market for used vehicles, which could affect the levels of recoveries upon sale of repossessed vehicles. Our valuation of receivables measured at fair value is a forward-looking statement, as it is dependent, among other things, on our estimates of cash to be received in the future with respect to such receivables. Each of the factors listed above as affecting charge-offs and recovery rates could have a similar effect on cash to be received in the future with respect to receivables measured at fair value. Factors that could affect our revenues in the current year include the levels of cash releases from existing pools of automobile contracts, which would affect our ability to purchase automobile contracts, the terms on which we are able to finance such purchases, the willingness of dealers to sell automobile contracts to us on the terms that we offer, and the terms on which and whether we are able to complete term securitizations once automobile contracts are acquired. Factors that could affect our expenses in the current year include competitive conditions in the market for qualified personnel and interest rates (which affect the rates that we pay on notes issued in our securitizations). The factors identified in this and other reports as “Risk Factors” could affect our revenues, expenses, liquidity and financial condition, and the timing and amount of cash received with respect to our automobile ~~contracts~~contracts.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

We maintain a system of internal controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance as to the reliability of our published financial statements and other disclosures included in this report. As of the end of the period covered by this report, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of such disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, the principal executive officer (Charles E. Bradley, Jr.) and the principal financial officer ~~(Jeffrey P. Fritz)~~(Denesh Bharwani) concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective in recording, processing, summarizing and reporting, on a timely basis, material information relating to us that is required to be included in our reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. There has been no change in our internal controls over financial reporting during our most recently completed fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

3634

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The information provided under the caption “Legal Proceedings,” Note 8 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part I of this report, is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

We remind the reader that risk factors are set forth in Item 1A of our report on Form 10-K, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on March 15, ~~2022.~~2023. Where we are aware of material changes to such risk factors as previously disclosed, we set forth below an updated discussion of such risks. The reader should note that the other risks identified in our report on Form 10-K remain applicable.

We have substantial indebtedness.

We have and will continue to have a substantial amount of indebtedness. At March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we had approximately ~~$2,036.7~~$2,534.0 million of debt outstanding. Such debt consisted primarily of ~~$1,813.5~~$2,175.1 million of securitization trust debt and ~~$147.0~~$285.8 million of debt from warehouse lines of credit. Our securitization trust debt has increased by ~~$53.5~~$66.3 million while our warehouse lines of credit debt has increased by ~~$41.4 million~~$481,000 since December 31, ~~2021~~2022 (each net of deferred financing costs). Since 2005, we have offered renewable subordinated notes to the public on a continuous basis, and such notes have maturities that range from six months to 10 years. We had ~~$26.8~~$23.4 million and ~~$26.5~~$25.3 million in subordinated renewable notes outstanding at March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. On June 1,30, 2021, we completed a $50.0 million securitization of residual interests from other previously issued securitizations. As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, all $50.0 million of this debt remains outstanding.

Our substantial indebtedness could adversely affect our financial condition by, among other things:

increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;

requiring us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our indebtedness, thereby reducing amounts available for working capital, capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes;

limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate;

placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt; and

limiting our ability to borrow additional funds.

Although we believe we are able to service and repay such debt, there is no assurance that we will be able to do so. If we do not generate sufficient operating profits, our ability to make required payments on our debt would be impaired. Failure to pay our indebtedness when due could have a material adverse effect.

Forward-Looking Statements

Discussions of certain matters contained in this report may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act") and Section 21E of the Exchange Act, and as such, may involve risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements relate to, among other things, expectations of the business environment in which we operate, projections of future performance, perceived opportunities in the market and statements regarding our mission and vision. You can generally identify forward-looking statements as statements containing the words "will," "would," "believe," "may," "could," "expect," "anticipate," "intend," "estimate," "assume" or other similar expressions. Our actual results, performance and achievements may differ materially from the results, performance and achievements expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements. The discussion under "Risk Factors" identifies some of the factors that might cause such a difference, including the following:

changes in general economic conditions;

our ability or inability to obtain necessary financing, and the terms of any such financing;

changes in interest rates, especially as applicable to securitization trust debt;

our ability to generate sufficient operating and financing cash flows;

competition;

level of future provisioning for receivables losses;

the levels of actual losses on receivables; and

·~~regulatory requirements.~~

37·

regulatory requirements.

Forward-looking statements in this report also include our recorded figures representing allowances for remaining expected lifetime credit losses, our markdown of the recorded value for the portion of our portfolio accounted for at fair value, our charge to the provision for credit losses for the our legacy portfolio, our estimates of fair value (most significantly for our receivables accounted for at fair value), our entries offsetting the preceding, and figures derived from any of the preceding. In each case, such figures are forward-looking statements because they are dependent on our estimates of cash to be received and losses to be incurred in the future. The accuracy of such estimates may be adversely affected by various factors, which include (in addition to risks relating to the COVD-19 pandemic and to the economy generally) the following: possible increased delinquencies; repossessions and losses on retail installment contracts; incorrect prepayment speed and/or discount rate assumptions; possible unavailability of qualified personnel, which could adversely affect our ability to service our portfolio; possible increases in the rate of consumer bankruptcy filings, which could adversely affect our rights to collect payments from our portfolio; other changes in government regulations affecting consumer credit; possible declines in the market price for used vehicles, which could adversely affect our realization upon repossessed vehicles; and economic conditions in geographic areas in which the Company's business is concentrated. The accuracy of such estimates may also be affected by the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and of governmental responses to said pandemic, which have included prohibitions on certain means of enforcement of receivables, and may include additional restrictions, as yet unknown, in the future. Any or all of such factors also may affect our future financial results, as to which there can be no assurance. Any implication that past results or past consecutive earnings are indicative of future results or future earnings is disclaimed, and the reader should draw no such inference. Factors such as those identified above in relation to losses to be incurred in the future may affect future performance.

Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance. They involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Actual results may differ from expectations due to many factors beyond our ability to control or predict, including those described herein, and in documents incorporated by reference in this report. For these statements, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking information. You are advised to consult any additional disclosure we make in our periodic reports filed with the SEC.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

During the three months ended March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, we repurchased ~~922,363~~263,185 shares from existing shareholders, as reflected in the table below.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Period(1)
Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased

Average
Price Paid
per Share

Total Number of
Shares Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced Plans or
Programs

Approximate Dollar
Value of Shares that
May Yet be Purchased
Under the Plans or
Programs (2)

January 2022 119,000 $ 11.68 119,000 $ 10,837,840
February 2022 254,492 $ 11.04 254,492 $ 8,029,149
March 2022 548,871 $ 11.16 548,871 $ 11,902,176
Total 922,363 $ 11.19 922,363

	Total Number of		Average		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly		Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased
	Shares		Price Paid		Announced Plans or		Under the Plans or
Period(1)	Purchased		per Share		Programs		Programs (2)

January 2023		42,327	$	9.25		42,327	$	7,950,921
February 2023		86,444	$	11.31		86,444	$	6,972,901
March 2023		134,414	$	10.22		134,414	$	5,599,077
Total		263,185	$	10.42		263,185

____________________

(1)

Each monthly period is the calendar month.

(2)

~~Our board of directors authorized the purchase of an additional $5.0 million and $10.0 million of our outstanding securities in January and March 2022, respectively.~~ Through March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, our board of directors had authorized the purchase of up to $103.2 million of our outstanding securities, under a program first announced in our annual report for the year 2002, filed on June 26, 2003. All purchases described in the table above were under the program announced in June 2003, which has no fixed expiration date.

Item 6. Exhibits

The Exhibits listed below are filed with this report.

4.14	Instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt of certain consolidated subsidiaries of the registrant are omitted pursuant to the exclusion set forth in subdivisions (b)(iv)(iii)(A) and (b)(v) of Item 601 of Regulation S-K (17 CFR 229.601). The registrant agrees to provide copies of such instruments to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.
31.1	Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of the ~~registrant.~~registrant.
31.2	Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of the ~~registrant.~~registrant.
32	Section 1350 Certifications.*
~~101.INS~~	~~Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)~~
~~101.SCH~~	~~Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document~~
~~101.CAL~~	~~Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document~~
~~101.DEF~~	~~Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document~~
~~101.LAB~~	~~Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document~~
~~101.PRE~~	~~Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document~~
~~104~~	~~Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in inline XBRL, and included in exhibit 101).~~

* These Certifications shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section. These Certifications shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the registration statement specifically states that such Certifications are incorporated therein.

3937

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC.

(Registrant)

Date: May 10, 2023

	~~CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SERVICES, INC.~~
By:	~~(Registrant)~~
~~Date: May 4, 2022~~
	~~By:~~ /s/ CHARLES E. BRADLEY, JR.
	~~Charles E. Bradley, Jr.~~
	~~President and Chief Executive Officer~~
	~~(Principal Executive Officer)~~

~~Date: May 4, 2022~~	~~By: /s/ JEFFREY P. FRITZ~~ Charles E. Bradley, Jr.
	~~Jeffrey P. Fritz~~	Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: May 10, 2023

	By:	/s/ DENESH BHARWANI
		Denesh Bharwani
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

4038

Maturities of leases
Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:
(In thousands)		Operating			Finance
Year Ending March 31,		Lease			Lease
2022	$	4,644		$	752
2023		1,888			84
2024		920			26
2025		795			9
2026		501			0
Thereafter		1,160			0
Total undiscounted lease payments		9,908			871
Less amounts representing interest		(2,224	)		(29	)
Lease Liability	$	7,684		$	842

Schedule of Long-term Debt Instruments
Series	Final Scheduled Payment Date (1)	Receivables Pledged at March 31, 2022 (2)		Initial Principal		Outstanding Principal at March 31, 2022		Outstanding Principal at December 31, 2021		Weighted Average Contractual Interest Rate at March 31, 2022
	(Dollars in thousands)
CPS 2017-A	April 2024	$	0	$	206,320	$	0	$	17,644	0
CPS 2017-B	December 2023		22,739		225,170		7,491		12,491	5.75%
CPS 2017-C	September 2024		24,874		224,825		20,955		25,846	5.72%
CPS 2017-D	June 2024		25,965		196,300		22,589		26,744	5.17%
CPS 2018-A	March 2025		29,215		190,000		25,303		29,518	4.86%
CPS 2018-B	December 2024		35,386		201,823		30,749		36,092	5.24%
CPS 2018-C	September 2025		40,840		230,275		36,876		42,765	5.41%
CPS 2018-D	June 2025		50,069		233,730		42,922		49,634	5.24%
CPS 2019-A	March 2026		62,139		254,400		53,492		62,667	5.05%
CPS 2019-B	June 2026		62,243		228,275		53,392		61,730	4.77%
CPS 2019-C	September 2026		73,278		243,513		64,980		75,065	3.91%
CPS 2019-D	December 2026		94,335		274,313		83,924		98,625	3.32%
CPS 2020-A	March 2027		88,745		260,000		83,987		99,485	3.48%
CPS 2020-B	June 2027		96,567		202,343		72,955		87,048	4.98%
CPS 2020-C	November 2027		129,864		252,200		118,901		138,899	2.57%
CPS 2021-A	March 2028		138,427		230,545		123,688		147,516	1.08%
CPS 2021-B	June 2028		165,925		240,000		157,719		179,856	1.36%
CPS 2021-C	September 2028		235,461		291,000		222,432		250,003	1.21%
CPS 2021-D	December 2028		311,727		349,202		300,177		330,325	1.47%
CPS 2022-A	April 2029		315,574		316,800		303,481		0	1.85%
		$	2,003,373	$	4,851,034	$	1,826,016	$	1,771,953

Schedule of estimated fair values of financial assets and liabilities
	As of March 31, 2022
Financial Instrument	(In thousands)
	Carrying		Fair Value Measurements Using:
	Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	21,726	$	21,726	$	0	$	0	$	21,726
Restricted cash and equivalents		164,550		164,550		0		0		164,550
Finance receivables, net		141,711		0		0		144,178		144,178
Accrued interest receivable		1,673		0		0		1,673		1,673
Liabilities:
Warehouse lines of credit	$	147,026	$	0	$	0	$	147,026	$	147,026
Accrued interest payable		3,807		0		0		3,807		3,807
Securitization trust debt		1,813,478		0		0		1,727,163		1,727,163
Subordinated renewable notes		26,756		0		0		26,756		26,756


	As of December 31, 2021
Financial Instrument	(In thousands)
	Carrying		Fair Value Measurements Using:
	Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	29,928	$	29,928	$	0	$	0	$	29,928
Restricted cash and equivalents		146,620		146,620		0		0		146,620
Finance receivables, net		176,184		0		0		178,795		178,795
Accrued interest receivable		2,269		0		0		2,269		2,269
Liabilities:
Warehouse lines of credit	$	105,610	$	0	$	0	$	105,610	$	105,610
Accrued interest payable		3,568		0		0		3,568		3,568
Securitization trust debt		1,759,972		0		0		1,740,901		1,740,901
Subordinated renewable notes		26,459		0		0		26,459		26,459

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	Compared to March 31, 2021
	Total			Change Due			Change Due
	Change			to Volume			to Rate
	(In thousands)
Interest Earning Assets
Finance receivables gross	$	(10,785	)	$	(12,022	)	$	1,237
Finance receivables at fair value		14,752			9,584			5,168
		3,967			(2,438	)		6,405
Interest Bearing Liabilities
Warehouse lines of credit		(156	)		409			(565	)
Residual interest financing		528			775			(247	)
Securitization trust debt		(4,925	)		(856	)		(4,069	)
Subordinated renewable notes		8			114			(106	)
		(4,545	)		442			(4,987	)

Net interest income/spread	$	8,512		$	(2,880	)	$	11,392

	Fair Value Receivables Portfolio
	March 31,		March 31,		December 31,
	2022		2021		2021
	(Dollars in thousands)
Average servicing portfolio outstanding	$	2,067,286	$	1,687,232	$	1,802,590
Annualized net charge-offs as a percentage of average servicing portfolio (2)		3.5%		4.6%		3.1%

Period(1)	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs		Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (2)
January 2022		119,000	$	11.68		119,000	$	10,837,840
February 2022		254,492	$	11.04		254,492	$	8,029,149
March 2022		548,871	$	11.16		548,871	$	11,902,176
Total		922,363	$	11.19		922,363