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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

_____________________________________________________________________________
ýQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 20182019
OR
¨TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 001-38054

Schneider National, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)


Wisconsin 39-1258315
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
  
3101 South Packerland Drive  
Green BayWisconsin 54313
(Address of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
(920) (920) 592-2000
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:
Title of each classTrading SymbolName of each exchange on which registered
Class B common stock, no par valueSNDRNew York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yesý           No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yesý             No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ¨  Accelerated filer ¨
    
Non-accelerated filer 
ý  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
  Smaller reporting company 
¨

    
     Emerging growth company 
¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes  ¨            No ý
As of October 26, 2018,25, 2019, the registrant had 83,029,500 shares of Class A Common Stock, no par value, outstanding and 93,969,26894,088,025 shares of Class B Common Stock, no par value, outstanding.


 



SCHNEIDER NATIONAL, INC.
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
For the Quarter Ended September 30, 20182019
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
   Page
  
ITEM 1. 
  
  
  
 
 
  Page 
 Note 1 
 Note 2 
 Note 3
Note 4
Note 5
Note 6 
 Note 74 
 Note 85
Note 9 
 Note 106 
 Note 117 
 Note 128 
Note 9
Note 10
Note 11
Note 12
Note 13
ITEM 2. 
ITEM 3. 
ITEM 4. 
ITEM 1. 
ITEM 1A. 
ITEM 2. 
ITEM 3. 
ITEM 4. 
ITEM 5. 
ITEM 6. 
  
 




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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
3PLProvider of outsourced logistics services. In logistics and supply chain management, it means a company’s use of third-party businesses, the 3PL(s), to outsource elements of the company’s distribution, fulfillment, and supply chain management services.
ASCAccounting Standards Codification
ASUAccounting Standards Update
CODMChief Operating Decision Maker
FASBFinancial Accounting Standards Board
FTFMFirst to Final Mile operating segment
GAAPUnited States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
IPOLIBORInitial Public OfferingLondon InterBank Offered Rate
PSIPlatform Science, Inc.
SECUnited States Securities and Exchange Commission
VTLVan Truckload operating segment
WSLWatkins and Shepard Trucking, Inc. and Lodeso, Inc. These businesses were acquired simultaneously in June 20162016.




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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS


This report contains forward-looking statements, within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which are intended to come within the safe harbor protection provided by such Act.1995. These forward-looking statements reflect ourthe Company's current expectations, beliefs, plans, or forecasts with respect to, among other things, future events and financial performance and trends in ourthe business and industry. Forward-looking statements are often characterized byThe words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “target,” “prospects,” “potential” and“potential,” “budget,” “forecast,” “continue,” “predict,” “seek,” “objective,” “goal,” “guidance,” “outlook,” “effort,” “target,” and othersimilar words, expressions, terms, and phrases among others, generally identify forward-looking statements, which speak only as of similar meaning.the date the statements were made. Forward-looking statements involve estimates, expectations, projections, goals, forecasts, assumptions, risks, and uncertainties. We caution readersReaders are cautioned that a forward-looking statement is not a guarantee of future performance and that actual results could differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statement.


Risks, uncertainties, and other factors that could cause actual results to differ, or contribute to actual results differing materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the following:
Economic and business risks inherent in the truckload and transportation industry, including competitive pressures pertaining to pricing, capacity, and service;
Our ability to manage and implement effectively our growth and diversification strategies and cost saving initiatives;
Our dependence on our reputation and the Schneider brand and the potential for adverse publicity, damage to our reputation, and the loss of brand equity;
Risks related to demand for our service offerings;
Risks associated with the loss of a significant customer or customers;
Capital investments that fail to match customer demand or for which we cannot obtain adequate funding;
Fluctuations in the price or availability of fuel, the volume and terms of diesel fuel purchase commitments, and our ability to recover fuel costs through our fuel surcharge programs;
Our ability to attract and retain qualified drivers includingand owner-operators;
Our use ofreliance on owner-operators to provide a portion of our truck fleet;
Our dependence on railroads in the operation of our intermodal business;
Service instability from third-party capacity providers used by our logistics brokerage business;
Changes in the outsourcing practices of our third-party logistics customers;
Difficulty in obtaining material, equipment, goods, and services from our vendors and suppliers;
Our ability to recruit, develop, and retain our key associates;
Labor relations;
Variability in insurance and claims expenses and the risks of insuring claims through our captive insurance company;
The impact of laws and regulations that apply to our business, including those that relate to the environment, taxes, employees, owner-operators, and our captive insurance company; changes to those laws and regulations; and the increased costs of compliance with existing or future federal, state, and local regulations;
Political, economic, and other risks from cross-border operations and operations in multiple countries;
Risks associated with financial, credit, and equity markets, including our ability to service indebtedness and fund capital expenditures and strategic initiatives;
Negative seasonal patterns generally experienced in the trucking industry during traditionally slower shipping periods and winter months;
Risks associated with severe weather and similar events;
Significant systems disruptions, including those caused by cybersecurity events;
The potential that we will not successfully identify, negotiate, consummate, or integrate acquisitions;
Exposure to claims and lawsuits in the ordinary course of our business;
Our ability to adapt to new technologies and new participants in the truckload and transportation industry; and


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Those risks and uncertainties discussed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K, as such may be amended or supplemented in Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of this report or other Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed after such Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as those discussed in our consolidated financial statements, related notes, and the other information appearing elsewhere in this report and our other filings with the SEC.
We do not intend,The Company disclaims any intention and undertakeundertakes no obligation, to update or revise any of ourits forward-looking statements after the date of this report to reflect actual results or future events or circumstances.circumstances whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.






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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
SCHNEIDER NATIONAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)

 Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
OPERATING REVENUES$1,280.1
 $1,110.8
 $3,655.4
 $3,192.4
OPERATING EXPENSES:       
Purchased transportation521.1
 403.9
 1,431.8
 1,158.7
Salaries, wages, and benefits317.2
 307.4
 943.2
 910.0
Fuel and fuel taxes87.4
 76.3
 260.3
 220.7
Depreciation and amortization73.3
 70.5
 216.9
 207.0
Operating supplies and expenses123.5
 135.3
 364.2
 369.2
Insurance and related expenses24.1
 22.2
 69.4
 64.3
Other general expenses, net35.6
 31.1
 112.4
 75.9
Total operating expenses1,182.2
 1,046.7
 3,398.2
 3,005.8
INCOME FROM OPERATIONS97.9
 64.1
 257.2
 186.6
OTHER EXPENSE (INCOME):       
Interest expense—net2.7
 3.6
 10.1
 13.7
Other income—net(0.1) (0.2) (1.0) (0.3)
Total other expense—net2.6
 3.4
 9.1
 13.4
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES95.3
 60.7
 248.1
 173.2
PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES24.6
 23.8
 64.0
 67.2
NET INCOME$70.7
 $36.9
 $184.1
 $106.0
        
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS):       
Foreign currency translation adjustments(0.9) (0.1) (0.8) (0.7)
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities—net of tax
 0.1
 (0.3) 0.2
Total other comprehensive loss(0.9) 
 (1.1) (0.5)
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME$69.8
 $36.9
 $183.0
 $105.5
        
Weighted average common shares outstanding177.0
 176.9
 177.0
 169.2
Basic earnings per share$0.40
 $0.21
 $1.04
 $0.63
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding177.2
 177.0
 177.2
 169.3
Diluted earnings per share$0.40
 $0.21
 $1.04
 $0.63
Dividends per share of common stock$0.06
 $0.05
 $0.18
 $0.15
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2019 2018 2019 2018
Operating revenues$1,183.9
 $1,280.1
 $3,590.7
 $3,655.4
Operating expenses:       
Purchased transportation511.7
 521.1
 1,488.8
 1,431.8
Salaries, wages, and benefits257.3
 317.2
 856.6
 943.2
Fuel and fuel taxes70.6
 87.4
 221.6
 260.3
Depreciation and amortization74.1
 73.3
 222.4
 216.9
Operating supplies and expenses139.1
 123.5
 418.3
 364.2
Insurance and related expenses24.4
 24.1
 78.0
 69.4
Other general expenses27.3
 35.6
 90.3
 112.4
Goodwill impairment charge
 
 34.6
 
Restructuring charges50.4
 
 50.4
 
Total operating expenses1,154.9
 1,182.2
 3,461.0
 3,398.2
Income from operations29.0
 97.9
 129.7
 257.2
Other expenses (income):       
Interest income(2.0) (1.5) (6.6) (2.9)
Interest expense3.8
 4.2
 13.1
 13.0
Other expenses (income)—net0.5
 (0.1) 1.2
 (1.0)
Total other expense2.3
 2.6
 7.7
 9.1
Income before income taxes26.7
 95.3
 122.0
 248.1
Provision for income taxes7.0
 24.6
 30.9
 64.0
Net income19.7
 70.7
 91.1
 184.1
Other comprehensive income (loss):       
Foreign currency translation adjustments(0.3) (0.9) (0.2) (0.8)
Unrealized income (loss) on marketable securities—net of tax
 
 0.7
 (0.3)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)(0.3) (0.9) 0.5
 (1.1)
Comprehensive income$19.4
 $69.8
 $91.6
 $183.0
        
Weighted average common shares outstanding177.1
 177.0
 177.1
 177.0
Basic earnings per share$0.11
 $0.40
 $0.51
 $1.04
        
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding177.3
 177.2
 177.3
 177.2
Diluted earnings per share$0.11
 $0.40
 $0.51
 $1.04
See notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).


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SCHNEIDER NATIONAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited)
(in millions, except share data)
September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017September 30, December 31,
ASSETS   
CURRENT ASSETS:   
2019 2018
Assets   
Current Assets:   
Cash and cash equivalents$359.8
 $238.5
$437.1
 $378.7
Marketable securities45.0
 41.6
47.4
 51.3
Trade accounts receivable—net of allowance of $6.6 and $5.2, respectively588.7
 527.9
Trade accounts receivable—net of allowance of $8.5 million and $6.8 million, respectively498.8
 593.1
Other receivables20.1
 22.4
160.2
 31.8
Current portion of lease receivables—net of allowance of $0.5 and $1.7, respectively130.5
 104.9
Current portion of lease receivables—net of allowance of $0.6 million and $0.5 million, respectively125.5
 129.1
Inventories60.9
 83.1
57.7
 60.8
Prepaid expenses and other current assets96.6
 75.6
200.9
 79.5
Total current assets1,301.6
 1,094.0
1,527.6
 1,324.3
NONCURRENT ASSETS:   
Noncurrent Assets:   
Property and equipment:      
Transportation equipment2,885.4
 2,770.1
2,814.1
 2,900.2
Land, buildings, and improvements175.2
 183.8
189.5
 177.2
Other property and equipment157.2
 175.7
161.9
 157.6
Total property and equipment3,217.8
 3,129.6
3,165.5
 3,235.0
Accumulated depreciation1,300.2
 1,271.5
1,270.7
 1,312.8
Net property and equipment1,917.6
 1,858.1
1,894.8
 1,922.2
Lease receivables130.7
 138.9
126.3
 133.2
Capitalized software and other noncurrent assets79.8
 74.7
155.0
 82.6
Goodwill164.2
 164.8
127.3
 162.2
Total noncurrent assets2,292.3
 2,236.5
2,303.4
 2,300.2
TOTAL ASSETS$3,593.9
 $3,330.5
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY   
CURRENT LIABILITIES:   
Total Assets$3,831.0
 $3,624.5
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity   
Current Liabilities:   
Trade accounts payable$293.0
 $230.4
$239.8
 $226.0
Accrued salaries and wages85.0
 85.8
Accrued salaries, wages, and benefits60.2
 94.8
Claims accruals—current64.4
 48.3
192.0
 58.3
Current maturities of debt and capital lease obligations10.1
 19.1
Current maturities of debt and finance lease obligations101.5
 51.7
Dividends payable10.7
 8.8
10.9
 10.6
Other current liabilities93.8
 69.6
94.0
 81.2
Total current liabilities557.0
 462.0
698.4
 522.6
NONCURRENT LIABILITIES:   
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations412.5
 420.6
Noncurrent Liabilities:   
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations304.6
 359.6
Claims accruals—noncurrent98.6
 102.5
103.6
 113.3
Deferred income taxes423.3
 386.6
446.5
 450.6
Other49.3
 68.6
Other noncurrent liabilities85.7
 46.1
Total noncurrent liabilities983.7
 978.3
940.4
 969.6
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 11)   
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY   
Total Liabilities1,638.8
 1,492.2
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 11)   
Shareholders' Equity:   
Class A common shares, no par value, 250,000,000 shares authorized, 83,029,500
shares issued and outstanding

 

 
Class B common shares, no par value, 750,000,000 shares authorized, 94,607,116 and 93,850,011 shares issued, and 93,967,681 and 93,850,011 shares outstanding, respectively
 
Class B common shares, no par value, 750,000,000 shares authorized, 94,834,653 and 94,593,588 shares issued, and 94,085,005 and 93,969,268 shares outstanding, respectively
 
Additional paid-in capital1,539.3
 1,534.6
1,544.5
 1,544.0
Retained earnings515.0
 355.6
648.2
 589.3
Accumulated other comprehensive income(1.1) 
Total shareholders' equity2,053.2
 1,890.2
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY$3,593.9
 $3,330.5
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(0.5) (1.0)
Total Shareholders' Equity2,192.2
 2,132.3
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity$3,831.0
 $3,624.5
See notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).


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SCHNEIDER NATIONAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)
(in millions)
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2019 2018
Operating Activities:   
Net income$91.1
 $184.1
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:   
Depreciation and amortization222.4
 216.9
Goodwill impairment34.6
 
Gains on sales of property and equipment(2.6) (4.5)
Impairment on assets held for sale11.8
 0.3
Proceeds from lease receipts59.6
 
Deferred income taxes(4.3) 34.4
Long-term incentive and share-based compensation expense3.4
 15.3
Non-cash restructuring charges43.3
 
Other noncash items2.9
 (3.1)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:   
Receivables82.2
 (67.3)
Other assets(31.1) (15.9)
Payables0.3
 35.6
Claims reserves and other receivables—net(1.1) 13.7
Other liabilities(42.2) 0.6
Net cash provided by operating activities470.3
 410.1
Investing Activities:   
Purchases of transportation equipment(308.6) (268.1)
Purchases of other property and equipment(42.8) (22.3)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment38.8
 74.6
Proceeds from lease receipts
 56.2
Proceeds from sale of off-lease inventory15.0
 
Purchases of lease equipment(62.7) (58.4)
Sales of marketable securities13.2
 3.9
Purchases of marketable securities(8.5) (8.0)
Net cash used in investing activities(355.6) (222.1)
Financing Activities:   
 Payments of debt and finance lease obligations(5.7) (17.3)
 Payments of deferred consideration related to acquisition(18.7) (19.3)
 Dividends paid(31.9) (30.1)
Net cash used in financing activities(56.3) (66.7)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents58.4
 121.3
Cash and Cash Equivalents:   
Beginning of period378.7
 238.5
End of period$437.1
 $359.8
Additional Cash Flow Information:   
Noncash investing and financing activity:   
Equipment purchases in accounts payable$15.5
 $36.5
Dividends declared but not yet paid10.9
 10.7
Ownership interest in Platform Science, Inc.
 2.5
Cash paid during the period for:   
Interest12.4
 13.2
Income taxes—net of refunds42.6
 25.5
See notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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SCHNEIDER NATIONAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (Unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2018 2017
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:   
Net income$184.1
 $106.0
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:   
Depreciation and amortization216.9
 207.0
Gains on sales of property and equipment(4.2) (6.4)
Deferred income taxes34.4
 48.8
WSL contingent consideration adjustment
 (13.2)
Long-term incentive compensation expense15.3
 15.3
Other noncash items(3.1) (0.5)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:   
Receivables(65.7) (39.0)
Other assets(15.9) (9.5)
Payables35.6
 22.1
Other liabilities12.7
 (14.9)
Net cash provided by operating activities410.1
 315.7
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:   
Purchases of transportation equipment(268.1) (274.1)
Purchases of other property and equipment(22.3) (27.3)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment74.6
 51.8
Proceeds from lease receipts and sale of off-lease inventory56.2
 42.4
Purchases of lease equipment(58.4) (89.8)
Sales of marketable securities3.9
 8.4
Purchases of marketable securities(8.0) 
Advance funding of dividends to transfer agent
 (6.7)
Net cash used in investing activities(222.1) (295.3)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:   
 Payments under revolving credit agreements
 (135.0)
 Payments of debt and capital lease obligations(17.3) (118.5)
 Payments of deferred consideration related to acquisition(19.3) (19.4)
 Proceeds from IPO, net of issuance costs
 340.6
 Dividends paid(30.1) (16.6)
 Redemptions of redeemable common shares
 (0.1)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(66.7) 51.0
NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS121.3
 71.4
    
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS:   
Beginning of period238.5
 130.8
End of period$359.8
 $202.2
ADDITIONAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:   
Noncash investing and financing activity:   
Equipment purchases in accounts payable$36.5
 $57.4
Dividends declared but not yet paid10.7
 8.8
Ownership interest in Platform Science, Inc.2.5
 
Cash paid (refunded) during the period for:   
Interest$13.2
 $16.6
Income taxes—net of refunds25.5
 (10.4)
   Common Stock Additional Paid-In Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Total
 
 Balance—December 31, 2017 $
 $1,534.6
 $355.6
 $
 $1,890.2
 Net income 
 
 47.6
 
 47.6
 Other comprehensive loss 
 
 
 (0.6) (0.6)
 Share-based compensation expense 
 2.0
 
 
 2.0
 Dividends declared at $0.06 per share of Class A and Class B common shares 
 
 (10.7) 
 (10.7)
 Share issuances 
 0.2
 
 
 0.2
 Shares withheld for employee taxes 
 (1.8) 
 
 (1.8)
 Cumulative-effect adjustment of ASU 2014-09 adoption 
 
 7.3
 
 7.3
 Other 
 0.2
 
 
 0.2
 Balance—March 31, 2018 
 1,535.2
 399.8
 (0.6) 1,934.4
 Net income 
 
 65.8
 
 65.8
 Other comprehensive gain 
 
 
 0.4
 0.4
 Share-based compensation expense 
 2.1
 
 
 2.1
 Dividends declared at $0.06 per share of Class A and Class B common shares 
 
 (10.5) 
 (10.5)
 Share issuances 
 0.3
 
 
 0.3
 Shares withheld for employee taxes 
 (0.1) 
 
 (0.1)
 Exercise of employee stock options 
 0.2
 
 
 0.2
 Other 
 (0.1) 
 
 (0.1)
 Balance—June 30, 2018 
 1,537.6
 455.1
 (0.2) 1,992.5
 Net income 
 
 70.7
 
 70.7
 Other comprehensive loss 
 
 
 (0.9) (0.9)
 Share-based compensation expense 
 2.1
 
 
 2.1
 Dividends declared at $0.06 per share of Class A and Class B common shares 
 
 (10.8) 
 (10.8)
 Shares withheld for employee taxes 
 (0.4) 
 
 (0.4)
 Balance—September 30, 2018 $
 $1,539.3
 $515.0
 $(1.1) $2,053.2



















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SCHNEIDER NATIONAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (Unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)

   Common Stock Additional Paid-In Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Total
 
 Balance—December 31, 2018 $
 $1,544.0
 $589.3
 $(1.0) $2,132.3
 Net income 
 
 36.9
 
 36.9
 Other comprehensive gain 
 
 
 0.7
 0.7
 Share-based compensation expense 
 2.0
 
 
 2.0
 Dividends declared at $0.06 per share of Class A and Class B common shares 
 
 (10.7) 
 (10.7)
 Shares withheld for employee taxes 
 (1.2) 
 
 (1.2)
 Balance—March 31, 2019 
 1,544.8
 615.5
 (0.3) 2,160.0
 Net income 
 
 34.5
 
 34.5
 Other comprehensive gain 
 
 
 0.1
 0.1
 Share-based compensation expense 
 1.6
 
 
 1.6
 Dividends declared at $0.06 per share of Class A and Class B common shares
 
 
 (11.0) 
 (11.0)
 Share issuances 
 0.2
 
 
 0.2
 Balance—June 30, 2019 
 1,546.6
 639.0
 (0.2) 2,185.4
 Net income 
 
 19.7
 
 19.7
 Other comprehensive loss 
 
 
 (0.3) (0.3)
 Share-based compensation expense 
 (2.2) 
 
 (2.2)
 Dividends declared at $0.06 per share of Class A and Class B common shares
 
 
 (10.5) 
 (10.5)
 Share issuances 
 0.1
 
 
 0.1
 Balance—September 30, 2019 $
 $1,544.5
 $648.2
 $(0.5) $2,192.2
See notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).



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SCHNEIDER NATIONAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
September 30, 20182019


1. GENERAL


Description of Business
In this report, when we refer to “the Company,” “us,” “we,” “our,” “ours,” or “ours,“Schneider,” we are referring to Schneider National, Inc. and its subsidiaries. We are a leading transportation services organization headquartered in Green Bay, Wisconsin. We provide a broad portfolio of premier truckload, intermodal, and logistics solutions and operate one of the largest trucking fleets in North America.

Our IPO of shares of Class B Common Stock was completed in early April 2017, and additional shares were sold in May 2017 under an option granted to the underwriters. In connection with the offering, we sold a total of 20,145,000 shares of Class B common stock at $19 per share and received proceeds of $382.7 million. Expenses related to the offering totaled approximately $42.1 million, resulting in net proceeds of $340.6 million.


Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP and the rules and regulations of the SEC applicable to quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. Therefore, these consolidated financial statements and footnotes do not include all disclosures required by GAAP for annual financial statements. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.2018. Financial results for an interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results for a full year.


All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.


In the opinion of management, these statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for the fair presentation of our financial results for the interim periods presented.


Accounting Standards Issued but Not Yet Adopted
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, which aligns the capitalization requirements for implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the existing capitalization requirements for implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. ASU 2018-15 is effective for us as of January 1, 2020 with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements.statements and do not believe the impact will be material. We expect to adopt this standard on a prospective basis.


In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement - Disclosure Requirements, which removes, modifies, and adds certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. These changes include removing the disclosure requirements related to the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and adding disclosure requirements about the range and weighted-average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. Additionally, the amendments remove the phrase “at a minimum” from the codification clarifying that materiality should be considered when evaluating disclosure requirements. ASU 2018-13 is effective for us January 1, 2020 with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impactdo not believe the adoption of this ASU will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statementsdisclosures and do not believe the impact will be material.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income, which discusses the reclassification of certain tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income. The guidance requires companies to disclose a description of their accounting policy for releasing income tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income and whether they elect to reclassify the stranded income tax effects from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, along with information about other income tax effects that are reclassified.  ASU 2018-02 is effective for us January 1, 2019 with early adoption permitted. We plan to early adopt this ASUstandard during the fourth quarter of 2018 and expect the reclassification of stranded income tax effects to have an immaterial impact on our consolidated financial statements.2019.


In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires companies to use a forward-looking, expected loss model to estimate credit losses on various types of financial assets and net investments in leases. It also requires additional disclosuredisclosures related to credit quality of trade and other receivables, including information related to management’s estimate of credit allowances. In November 2018, this was further updated with the issuance of ASU 2018-19, which excludes receivables from operating leases from the scope. ASU 2016-13 is effective for us January 1, 2020. We currently cannot reasonably estimateexpect the impact the adoption of this ASUstandard will have an impact on our available-for-sale debt securities, net investment in leases, contract assets, trade accounts receivable, and reinsurance receivables. Based on our initial assessment, we do not believe the standard will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.statements, however we are still assessing the financial impacts.


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2. LEASES



In February 2016, the FASB issuedWe adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases, whichamended authoritative guidance on leases and is codified in ASC 842. The amended guidance requires lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets842, as right-of-use assets along with corresponding lease liabilities. The new standard also requires new disclosures to help financial statement users better understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. This guidance is effective for us January 1, 2019 with early adoption permitted. In July 2018,using the FASB issued additionaloptional transition method. The FASB’s authoritative guidance providingprovided companies with the option to apply this ASU to new and existing leases within the scope of the guidance as of the beginning of the period of adoption. We plan to electelected this transition method of applying the new lease

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standard and will recognizehave recognized right-of-use assets and lease liabilities and any cumulative-effect adjustments to the opening balance of retained earnings as of January 1, 2019. Prior period amounts willwere not be adjusted and will continue to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. Upon adoption

Adoption of the new standard resulted in the initial recording of right-of-use lease assets and related lease liabilities of $80.6 million and $85.2 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2019, right-of-use lease assets and related lease liabilities were $73.5 million and $80.9 million, respectively. Operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on January 1, 2019,the present value of the future lease payments over the term. Schneider's incremental borrowing rates are used as the discount rates for leases and are determined based on U. S. Treasury rates plus an applicable margin to arrive at all-in rates. Schneider uses multiple discount rates based on lease terms and other economic factors. The operating lease right-of-use asset also includes accrued lease expense resulting from the straight-line accounting under prior accounting methods, which is now being amortized over the remaining life of the lease.

In addition, we expect to electelected the package of practical expedients provided under the guidance. The practical expedient package applies to leases that commenced prior to adoption of the new standard and permits companies not to reassess whether existing or expired contracts are or contain a lease, the lease classification, and any initial direct costs for any existing leases. We have createdalso elected the practical expedient related to land easements, allowing us to carry forward the accounting treatment of our existing agreements for land easements, none of which were material as of January 1, 2019.
As lessee
We lease real estate, transportation equipment, and office equipment under operating and finance leases. Our real estate operating leases include operating centers, distribution warehouses, offices, and drop yards. Our finance leases relate almost entirely to transportation equipment. A majority of our leases include an option to extend the lease, and a cross-functional implementation team whose effortssmall number of our leases include an option to date consist of identifyingearly terminate the Company's lease, population, selectingwhich may include a termination payment. If we are reasonably certain to exercise an option to extend a lease, software thatthe extension period is included as part of the right-of-use asset and lease liability.
For our real estate leases, we have elected to apply the recognition requirement to leases of twelve months or less, therefore, an operating lease right-of-use asset and liability will assistbe recognized for all these leases. For our equipment leases, we have elected to not apply the recognition requirements to leases of twelve months or less. These leases will be expensed on a straight-line basis and no operating lease right-of-use asset or liability will be recorded.

We have also elected to not separate the different components within the contract for our leases; therefore, all fixed costs associated with the reportinglease are included in the right-of-use asset and disclosure requirementsthe operating lease liability. This often relates to the requirement for us to pay a proportionate share of real estate taxes, insurance, common area maintenance, and other operating costs in addition to a base or fixed rent. Some of our leases have variable payment amounts, and the variable portions of those payments are excluded from the right-of-use asset and the lease liability.

At the inception of our contracts we determine if the contract is or contains a lease. A contract is or contains a lease if it conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

A small number of our leased real estate assets contains subleases. The lease income related to subleases is shown in the lease cost table below.

Certain equipment leases contain residual value guarantees. These are guarantees made to the lessor that the value of the underlying asset returned to the lessor at the end of the lease will be at least a specified amount.

None of our leases contain restrictions or covenants that restrict us from incurring other financial obligations.

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The following table presents our net lease costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019:
  Financial Statement Classification Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(in millions)  2019 2019
Operating lease cost      
Operating lease cost Operating supplies and expenses
 $8.7
 $26.5
Short-term lease cost (1)
 Operating supplies and expenses
 2.0
 5.5
Finance lease cost      
Amortization of right-of-use assets Depreciation and amortization
 0.9
 2.5
Interest on lease liabilities Interest expense
 
 0.2
Variable lease cost Operating supplies and expenses
 0.7
 2.1
Sublease income Operating revenues
 (1.5) (4.1)
Total net lease cost   $10.8
 $32.7
(1) Includes short-term lease costs for leases twelve months or less, including those with a duration of one month or less.
As of September 30, 2019, remaining lease terms and discount rates under the standard,operating and abstractingfinance leases were as follows:
September 30, 2019
Weighted-average remaining lease term
Operating leases4.4 years
Finance leases0.3 years
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases4.2%
Finance leases4.7%

Other information related to our leases is as follows:
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities  
Operating cash flows from operating leases $26.7
Operating cash flows from finance leases 0.2
Financing cash flows from finance leases 2.0
   
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities  
Operating leases $20.6
Finance leases 


Operating lease right-of-use assets, current operating lease liabilities, and validating ournoncurrent operating lease information. As we continue to evaluate this standard, we anticipate it will have a material impact on ourliabilities are included in capitalized software and other noncurrent assets, other current liabilities, and other noncurrent liabilities, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets duesheet as of September 30, 2019.


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At September 30, 2019, future lease payments under operating and finance leases were as follows:
(in millions) Operating Leases Finance Leases
Remaining 2019 $8.5
 $4.9
2020 27.2
 0.4
2021 17.1
 
2022 11.1
 
2023 8.8
 
2024 and thereafter 15.9
 
Total 88.6
 5.3
Amount representing interest (7.7) 
Present value of lease payments 80.9
 5.3
Current maturities (27.1) (5.3)
Long-term lease obligations $53.8
 $


For certain of our real estate leases, there are options contained within the lease agreement to extend beyond the capitalization ofinitial lease term. The Company recognizes options as right-of-use assets and lease liabilities associatedwhen deemed reasonably certain to be exercised. Future operating lease payments at September 30, 2019 include $10.6 million related to options to extend lease terms that we are reasonably certain to exercise. Options related to our FTFM service offering that were previously considered reasonably certain to be exercised have been removed from the future operating lease payments at September 30, 2019.

Under ASC 840, future minimum lease payments as of December 31, 2018 were as follows:
(in millions) Operating Leases Capital Leases
2019 $35.8
 $6.9
2020 25.7
 0.2
2021 14.9
 
2022 8.4
 
2023 6.8
 
2024 and thereafter 12.7
 
Total $104.3
 7.1
Amount representing interest   (0.2)
Present value of minimum lease payments   6.9
Current maturities   (6.7)
Long-term capital lease obligations   $0.2


As of September 30, 2019, we had additional leases that had not yet commenced of $3.5 million. These leases will commence during the remainder of 2019 and have lease terms of four months to five years.

The consolidated balance sheets include right-of-use assets acquired under finance leases as components of property and equipment as of September 30, 2019 and January 1, 2019, as follows:
(in millions) September 30, 2019 January 1, 2019
Transportation equipment $19.9
 $19.9
Real property 0.8
 0.8
Other property 1.5
 0.6
Accumulated amortization (13.1) (11.2)
Total $9.1
 $10.1


Transportation equipment is being amortized to the estimated residual value by the end of the lease. Real and other property under finance leases are being amortized to a zero net book value over the initial lease term.


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As lessor

We finance various types of transportation-related equipment for independent third parties under lease contracts which are generally for one year to five years and are accounted for as sales-type leases with our current operatingfully guaranteed residual values. At the inception of the contracts, we determine if the contract is or contains a lease. A contract is or contains a lease if it conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

With the adoption of ASC 842, all leases infor which we are the lessee.lessor meet the definition of sales-type leases. In addition, as required under ASC 842, all cash flows from lease receipts are classified as operating activities on the consolidated statement of cash flows beginning January 1, 2019. We dopreviously presented all cash flows from lease receipts as investing activities.

As of September 30, 2019 and January 1, 2019, the investment in lease receivables was as follows:
  September 30, 2019 January 1, 2019
Future minimum payments to be received on leases $146.9
 $140.0
Guaranteed residual lease values 138.2
 151.0
Total minimum lease payments to be received 285.1
 291.0
Unearned income (33.3) (28.7)
Net investment in leases 251.8
 262.3
     
Current maturities of lease receivables 126.1
 129.6
Less—allowance for doubtful accounts (0.6) (0.5)
Current portion of lease receivables—net of allowance 125.5
 129.1
     
Lease receivables—noncurrent $126.3
 $133.2


The amounts to be received on lease receivables as of September 30, 2019 were as follows:
(in millions) September 30, 2019
Remaining 2019 $35.8
2020 142.8
2021 75.7
2022 30.6
2023 0.2
2024 and thereafter 
Total undiscounted lease cash flows 285.1
Amount representing interest (33.3)
Present value of lease receivables 251.8
Current lease receivables, net of allowance (125.5)
Long-term lease receivable $126.3


Leases are generally placed on nonaccrual status (nonaccrual of interest and other fees) when a payment becomes 90 days past due or upon receipt of notification of bankruptcy, upon the death of a customer, or in other instances in which management concludes collectability is not believe it will have a material impact on ourreasonably assured. The accrual of interest and other fees is resumed when all payments are less than 60 days past due. At September 30, 2019, there were $0.3 million of lease payments greater than 90 days past due. The terms of the lease agreements generally give us the ability to take possession of the underlying asset in the event of default. We may incur credit losses in excess of recorded allowances if the full amount of any anticipated proceeds from the sale or re-lease of the asset supporting the third party’s financial obligation is not realized. Repossession and estimated reconditioning costs are recorded in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income or cash flows. Leasing activities in which we are the lessor in the transaction areperiod incurred.

Our lease payments primarily include base rentals and guaranteed residual values. In addition, we also subjectcollect one-time administrative fees and heavy vehicle use tax on our leases. We have elected to ASC 842. not separate the different components within the contract as the administrative fees were not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. We have also

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elected to exclude all taxes assessed by a governmental authority from the consideration (e.g., heavy vehicle use tax). All of our leases require fixed payments, therefore we have no variable payment provisions.
Our evaluationleases contain an option for the lessee to return, extend, or purchase the equipment at the end of the impactlease term for the guaranteed contract residual amount. This is estimated to approximate the fair value of this standardthe equipment. Equipment is leased under sales-type leases where the lessees guarantee the residual value of the equipment. The table below provides additional information on our lessor activity is ongoing, however from a lessor perspective, we do not believe the standard will have a material impactsales-type leases.
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2019 2019
Revenue $50.9
 $159.8
Cost of goods sold (46.8) (144.0)
Operating profit $4.1
 $15.8
     
Interest income on lease receivable $7.0
 $20.4
Initial direct cost incurred 
 


The amounts to be received on our consolidated balance sheets, statementslease receivables as of comprehensive income, or cash flows.December 31, 2018 under ASC 840 were as follows:

(in millions) December 31, 2018
2019 $149.0
2020 112.7
2021 29.0
2022 0.3
2023 
2024 and thereafter 
Total $291.0


2.3. REVENUE RECOGNITION


We implemented ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which is codified as ASC 606 as of January 1, 2018 and replaces ASC 605, Revenue Recognition. We used the modified retrospective approach for adoption, which required us to record the cumulative effect of the transition through retained earnings as of January 1, 2018. Retained earnings increased by $7.3 million upon adoption. The adjustment related only to contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. The following table shows the amount by which financial statement lines were affected by the adoption of the new standard. The changes relate to the recognition of transportation revenue over time rather than at delivery, as explained below under the Transportation heading.Disaggregated Revenues


  Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
Financial Statement Line Item (in millions)
 Under ASC 605 Adjustment As Reported
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income      
Operating revenues $1,273.1
 $7.0
 $1,280.1
Purchased transportation 517.3
 3.8
 521.1
Salaries, wages, and benefits 318.2
 (1.0) 317.2
Total operating expenses 1,179.4
 2.8
 1,182.2
Income from operations 93.7
 4.2
 97.9
Provision for income taxes 23.4
 1.2
 24.6
Net income 67.7
 3.0
 70.7
Comprehensive income 66.8
 3.0
 69.8


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  Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Financial Statement Line Item (in millions)
 Under ASC 605 Adjustment As Reported
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income      
Operating revenues $3,642.9
 $12.5
 $3,655.4
Purchased transportation 1,424.2
 7.6
 1,431.8
Salaries, wages, and benefits 943.0
 0.2
 943.2
Total operating expenses 3,390.4
 7.8
 3,398.2
Income from operations 252.5
 4.7
 257.2
Provision for income taxes 62.7
 1.3
 64.0
Net income 180.7
 3.4
 184.1
Comprehensive income 179.6
 3.4
 183.0

  September 30, 2018
Financial Statement Line Item (in millions)
 Under ASC 605 Adjustment As Reported
Consolidated Balance Sheet      
Prepaid expenses and other current assets $64.9
 $31.7
 $96.6
Total current assets 1,269.9
 31.7
 1,301.6
Total assets 3,562.2
 31.7
 3,593.9
Other current liabilities 75.2
 18.6
 93.8
Total current liabilities 538.4
 18.6
 557.0
Deferred income taxes 420.9
 2.4
 423.3
Total noncurrent liabilities 981.3
 2.4
 983.7
Retained earnings 504.3
 10.7
 515.0
Total shareholders' equity 2,042.5
 10.7
 2,053.2
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity 3,562.2
 31.7
 3,593.9

  Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Financial Statement Line Item (in millions)
 Under ASC 605 Adjustment As Reported
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows      
Operating Cash Flows      
        Net income $180.7
 $3.4
 $184.1
        Change in: Other assets (3.6) (12.3) (15.9)
        Change in: Payables 34.3
 1.3
 35.6
        Change in: Other liabilities 5.1
 7.6
 12.7

ASC 606 requires us to look at revenue from customers at a contract level to determine the appropriate accounting. As defined by the new standard, a “contract” can range from an individual order to a multi-year agreement with a customer, depending on the specific arrangement. The majority of our revenues are related to transportation and have similar characteristics. The following table breaks downsummarizes our revenues by type of service, and each type of service is further described below.
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Disaggregated Revenues (in millions)
 2019 2018 2019 2018
Transportation $1,093.9
 $1,175.0
 $3,297.7
 $3,362.9
Logistics management 32.3
 57.7
 120.1
 163.7
Other 57.7
 47.4
 172.9
 128.8
Total operating revenues $1,183.9
 $1,280.1
 $3,590.7
 $3,655.4
  Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
Disaggregated Revenues (in millions)
 2018 2017 2018 2017
Transportation $1,175.0
 $1,005.7
 $3,362.9
 $2,921.0
Logistics management 57.7
 55.8
 163.7
 160.6
Other 47.4
 49.3
 128.8
 110.8
Total operating revenues $1,280.1
 $1,110.8
 $3,655.4
 $3,192.4

8





Transportation
Transportation revenues relate to the Truckload and Intermodal reportable segments, as well as to our Brokeragebrokerage business, which is included in the Logistics reportable segment.


In the Transportation portfolio, our service obligation to customers is satisfied over time. We do not believe there is a significant impact on the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue or cash flows based on the mode of transportation. The economic factors that impact our transportation revenue are generally consistent across these modes given the relatively short termshort-term nature of each contract. For the majority of our transportation business, the “contract with a customer” is identified as an individual order under a negotiated agreement. Some consideration is variable in that a final transaction price is uncertain and is susceptible to factors outside of Schneider's influence, such as the weather or the accumulation of accessorial charges. Pricing information is supplied by the rate schedules that accompany negotiated contracts.


Transportation orders are short-term in nature and generally have terms
13




Prior to the adoption of ASC 606, we recognized revenue from transportation services when we completed our obligation to the customer, upon delivery. In accordance with the new standard, we now recognize revenue over the period transportation services are provided to the customer, including service performed as of the end of the reporting period for loads currently in transit, in order to recognize the value that is transferred to a customer over the course of the transportation service.

We determine revenue in transit using the input method, under which revenue is recognized based on time lapsed from the departure date (start of transportation services) to the arrival date (completion of transportation services). Measurement of revenue in transit requires the application of significant judgment. We calculate the estimated percentage of an order's transit time that is complete at period end, and we apply that percentage of completion to the order's estimated revenue. Revenue recognized in the period ended September 30, 2018 includes amounts related to orders that were partially completed (in transit) in prior periods.

In certain transportation arrangements, an unrelated party contributes a specified service to our customer. For example, we contract with third-party carriers to perform transportation services on behalf of our customers in our Brokerage business, and we use third-party rail carriers in our Intermodal segment. In situations that include the contributions of third parties, we act as principal in the arrangement, and, accordingly, we recognize gross revenues from these transactions.


Logistics Management

Logistics Management revenues relate to our Supply Chain Management and Import/Export Services operating segments, both of which are included in our Logistics reportable segment. Within this portfolio, the key service we provide to the customer is management of freight shipping and/or storage.

The “contracts” in our Logistics Management portfolio are the negotiated agreements, which contain both fixed and variable components. The variability of revenues is driven by volumes and transactions, which are known as of an invoice date. See the Remaining Performance Obligations table below for additional information. Supply Chain Management and Import/Export Services contracts typically have terms that extend beyond one year, and they do not include financing components.

Prior to the adoption of ASC 606, we recognized revenue under these contracts over time, based on pricing terms within the arrangements. Our recognition model will remain the same under the new standard, as we have elected to use the right to invoice practical expedient, which reflects the fact that a customer obtains the benefit associated with logistics services as they are provided (output method).

In our Supply Chain Management business, we subcontract third parties to perform a portion of the services. We are responsible for ensuring the services are performed and that they are acceptable to the customer, and we are, therefore, considered to be the principal in these arrangements.


9




Other
Other revenues relate to activities that are out of scope for purposes of ASC 606, including our leasing and captive insurance businesses.


Quantitative Disclosure


The following table provides information related to transactions and expected timing of revenue recognition related to performance obligations that are fixed in nature and relate to contracts with terms greater than one year.year as of date shown:
Remaining Performance Obligations (in millions)
 September 30, 2019
Expected to be recognized within one year  
Transportation $10.5
Logistics Management 8.6
Expected to be recognized after one year  
Transportation 1.3
Logistics Management 6.9
Total $27.3


Remaining Performance Obligations (in millions)
 September 30, 2018
Expected to be recognized within one year  
Transportation $8.9
Logistics Management 24.3
Expected to be recognized after one year  
Transportation 1.4
Logistics Management 5.0
Total $39.6


This disclosure does not include revenue related to performance obligations that are part of a contract whose original expected duration is one year or less. In addition, this disclosure does not include expected consideration related to performance obligations for which the Company elects to recognize revenue in the amount it has a right to invoice (e.g., usage-based pricing terms).


The following table provides information related to contract balances associated with our contracts with customers as of the dates shown.
Contract Balances (in millions)
 September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Other current assets - Contract assets $25.8
 $21.7
Other current liabilities - Contract liabilities 
 

Contract Balances (in millions)
 September 30, 2018 January 1, 2018
Other current assets - Contract assets $34.8
 $22.2
Other current liabilities - Contract liabilities 
 


We generally receive payment within 40 days of completion of performance obligations. Contract assets in the table above relate to revenue in transitin-transit at the end of the reporting period. Contract liabilities relate to amounts that customers paid in advance of the associated service.

For certain of our contracts, we incur upfront costs to fulfill the master agreement, including driver recruiting and equipment relocation, that are capitalized and amortized over the master contract term, which has been deemed to be the period of benefit. These costs usually relate to dedicated transportation arrangements. The following table presents the amounts capitalized for contract fulfillment costs as of the dates shown.

(in millions) September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Capitalized contract fulfillment costs $6.1
 $3.7

Amortization of capitalized contract fulfillment costs was as shown:

  Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) 2018 2017 2018 2017
Amortization of contract fulfillment costs $0.7
 $0.4
 $2.1
 $1.5


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Practical Expedients

We elected to use the following practical expedients that are available under ASC 606: (i) not to adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component when we expect, at contract inception, that the period between our transfer of a promised service to a customer and when the customer pays for that service will be one year or less; (ii) to apply the new revenue standard to a portfolio of contracts (or performance obligations) with similar characteristics, as we reasonably expect that the effects on the consolidated financial statements of applying this guidance to the portfolio would not differ materially from applying this guidance to the individual contracts (or performance obligations) within that portfolio; and (iii) to recognize revenue in the Logistics Management portfolio in the amount of consideration to which we have a right to invoice, that corresponds directly with the value to the customer of the service completed to date.


3.4. FAIR VALUE


Fair value focuses on the estimated price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability, which is referred to as the exit price. Inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value fall into three broad levels (Levels 1, 2, and 3) as follows:


Level 1—Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that we have the ability to access at the measurement date.


Level 2—Observable inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, for the asset or liability or prices for similar assets and liabilities.


Level 3—Unobservable inputs reflecting the reporting entity’s estimates of the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability (including assumptions about risk).



14



Assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. All marketable securities were valued based on quoted prices for similar assets in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active (Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy). We measure our marketable securities on a recurring, monthly basis. See Note 4, 5, Investments, for information on the fair value of our marketable securities.


In connection with the June 1, 2016 acquisition of WSL, a contingent payment arrangement based on the achievement of specified earnings targets iswas in place for three consecutive 12-month periods after the closing, with the aggregate payment total not to exceed $40.0 million. NoNaN payments have beenwere made through Septemberunder the agreement which expired June 30, 2018. The fair value2019, and the balance as of the contingent consideration at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 20172018 was zero. The valuation was based on Level 3 inputs.


Our ownership interest in Platform Science, Inc.PSI discussed in Note 4, 5, Investments, was valued based on Level 3 inputs.


There were no0 transfers between levels for the periods discussed.shown.


Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments


The recorded value of cash, trade accounts receivable, lease receivables, and trade accounts payable approximates fair value.


The table below presents the carrying value of our debt portfolio along with the fair value of a fixed-rate debt portfolio with similar terms and maturities, which is based on borrowing rates available to us in the applicable year. This valuation used Level 2 inputs.

  September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
(in millions) Carrying Value Fair Value Carrying Value Fair Value
Fixed-rate debt portfolio $401.3
 $408.9
 $405.0
 $398.4


  September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
(in millions) Carrying Value Fair Value Carrying Value Fair Value
Debt portfolio $415.4
 $405.2
 $429.8
 $432.4


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4.5. INVESTMENTS


Marketable Securities
Our marketable securities are classified as available for sale and carried at fair value in current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Any unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Our portfolio of securities has maturities ranging from 23 to 7581 months. While our intent is to hold our securities to maturity, sudden changes in the market or to our liquidity needs may cause us to sell certain securities in advance of their maturity date.


Any unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss on the consolidated balance sheets, unless we determine that an unrealized loss is other-than-temporary. If we determine that an unrealized loss is other-than-temporary, we recognize the loss in earnings. We did not have any other-than-temporary impairments for either of the periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. Cost basis is determined using the specific identification method.

The following table presents the values of our marketable securities as of the dates shown:
  September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
(in millions) Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value
Zero coupon bonds $2.0
 $2.0
 $3.9
 $3.9
U.S. treasury and government agencies 19.0
 19.0
 20.0
 19.8
Asset-backed securities 0.1
 0.1
 0.1
 0.1
Corporate debt securities 14.1
 14.5
 15.1
 15.0
State and municipal bonds 11.6
 11.8
 12.5
 12.5
Total marketable securities $46.8
 $47.4
 $51.6
 $51.3

  September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
(in millions) 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
Zero coupon bonds $3.9
 $3.9
 $3.8
 $3.9
U.S. treasury and government agencies 18.0
 17.7
 6.0
 6.0
Asset-backed securities 0.1
 0.1
 0.3
 0.3
Corporate debt securities 11.1
 11.0
 9.1
 9.2
State and municipal bonds 12.6
 12.3
 22.7
 22.2
Total marketable securities $45.7
 $45.0
 $41.9
 $41.6


Gross realized and unrealized gains and losses on sales of marketable securities were not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20182019 and 2017.2018. Gross unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities were not material for the periods ended September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018.




15



Ownership Interest in Platform Science, Inc.
In 2018, we receivedacquired a 30% ownership interest in Platform Science, Inc.PSI in exchange for our contribution ofgranting PSI a non-exclusive license forto our proprietary telematics mobile software that was developed to enable driver productivity and ensure regulatory compliance. Our ownership interest in Platform Science, Inc.PSI is being accounted for under ASC 321, Investments - Equity Securities and is recorded at fair value in other noncurrent assets on the consolidated balance sheet.sheets. The fair value of the ownership interest as of December 31, 2018 was initially determined to be $2.5$3.5 million through an independent valuation and is being accounted for under ASC 321, Investments - Equity Securities. valuation. As of September 30, 2018,2019, there have been no transactions that have triggered an indicatorwould indicate that the value of our ownership interest in Platform Science, Inc. hasPSI changed.


5.6. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS


Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of our acquisitions over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows:
(in millions) Truckload Logistics Other Total
Balance at December 31, 2018 $138.2
 $14.2
 $9.8
 $162.2
Goodwill impairment charge (34.6) 
 
 (34.6)
Foreign currency translation 
 
 (0.3) (0.3)
Balance at September 30, 2019 $103.6
 $14.2
 $9.5
 $127.3

(in millions) Truckload Logistics Other Total
Balance at December 31, 2017 $138.2
 $14.2
 $12.4
 $164.8
Foreign currency translation 
 
 (0.6) (0.6)
Balance at September 30, 2018 $138.2
 $14.2
 $11.8
 $164.2


At September 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017,2018, we had accumulated goodwill impairment charges of $6.0 million.$42.6 million and $8.0 million, respectively.


DuringGoodwill is tested for impairment at least annually using both the discounted cash flow method and the guideline public company method in calculating the fair values of our reporting units. Key inputs used in the discounted cash flow approach include growth rates for sales and operating profit, perpetuity growth assumptions, and discount rates. As interest rates rise, the calculated fair values of our reporting units will decrease, which could impact the results of our goodwill impairment tests.

A triggering event occurred during the second quarter of 2018, we reorganized the structure of the operating segments within the Truckload reportable segment to include2019 as results from our FTFM as a separate operating segment and integrated the remaining Dedicated activities into the VTL operating segment. Each Truckload operating segment was determinedreporting unit continued to be its own reporting unit dueless than projected, despite sustained investments and operational changes designed to the level at which financial information is available and management's reviewimprove efficiencies. Because of that information. As a result of the reorganization, goodwill within the Truckload reportable segment, which was previously attributable to the Dedicated reporting unit, was reallocated to the VTL and FTFM reporting units on a relative fair value basis. After the reallocation of goodwill,this triggering event, an impairment test was performed for thesethe FTFM reporting units, and itunit. As a result of the testing performed, an impairment loss of $34.6 million was determined that goodwill was not impaired as eachrecorded for our FTFM reporting unit had an estimated fair value in excessas the discounted cash flows expected to be generated by this reporting unit were not sufficient to recover its carrying value. This represents all of its respective carrying amount.the goodwill related to the FTFM reporting unit.


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The identifiable intangible assets other than goodwill listed below are included in capitalized software and other noncurrent assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
 September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
(in millions) 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
 Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization 
Net Carrying
Amount
Balance at September 30, 2019      
Customer lists $10.5
 $3.2
 $7.3
 $10.5
 $2.5
 $8.0
 $1.1
 $1.1
 $
Trade names 1.4
 1.1
 0.3
 1.4
 0.7
 0.7
Trade name 
 
 
Total intangible assets $11.9
 $4.3
 $7.6
 $11.9
 $3.2
 $8.7
 1.1
 1.1
 
      
Balance at December 31, 2018      
Customer lists 10.5
 3.5
 7.0
Trade name 1.4
 1.2
 0.2
Total intangible assets $11.9
 $4.7
 $7.2


As part of the shutdown of our FTFM service offering in the third quarter of 2019, we wrote-off the gross carrying amount of the customer lists and trade name obtained through the WSL acquisition. An impairment charge of $6.5 million was recorded for the unamortized value of the customer lists in the three months ended September 30, 2019. The impairment charge is included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income within restructuring charges. Refer to Note 13, Restructuring Charges, for additional details.


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Amortization expense for intangible assets was $0.3$0.1 million and $0.4$0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively, and 2017, respectively,$0.7 million and $1.1 million for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and 2017.respectively. Accumulated amortization in the table above includes foreign currency translation related to a customer list.

Estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets is as follows (in millions):
Remaining 2018$0.3
20191.1
20201.0
20211.0
20221.0
2023 and thereafter3.2
 $7.6


6.7. DEBT AND CREDIT FACILITIES


As of September 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017,2018, debt included the following:
(in millions) September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Unsecured senior notes: principal payable at maturities ranging from 2019 through 2025; interest payable in semiannual installments through the same timeframe; weighted-average interest rate of 3.36% for both 2019 and 2018 $400.0
 $400.0
Equipment financing notes: principal and interest payable in monthly installments through 2019; weighted average interest rate of 3.98% and 3.72% for 2019 and 2018, respectively 1.3
 5.0
Total principal outstanding 401.3
 405.0
Current maturities (96.2) (45.0)
Debt issuance costs (0.5) (0.6)
Long-term debt $304.6
 $359.4

(in millions) September 30,
2018
 December 31,
2017
Unsecured senior notes: principal payable at maturities ranging from 2019 through 2025; interest payable in semiannual installments through the same timeframe; weighted-average interest rate of 3.36% for both 2018 and 2017 $400.0
 $400.0
Equipment financing notes: principal and interest payable in monthly installments through 2023; weighted average interest rate of 3.79% and 3.76% for 2018 and 2017, respectively 15.4
 29.8
Total principal outstanding 415.4
 429.8
Current maturities (7.3) (15.2)
Debt issuance costs (0.7) (0.9)
Long-term debt $407.4
 $413.7


On August 6, 2018, we entered into a $250.0 millionOur Credit Agreement (the “2018 Credit Facility”) among us, the lenders party thereto (the “Lenders”) and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and terminated our priorprovides borrowing capacity of $250.0 million Credit Agreement dated February 18, 2011 (as amended). The 2018 Credit Facility is a revolving credit facility that matures on August 6, 2023 and allows us to request an increase in total commitment by up to $150.0 million, for a total potential commitment of $400.0 million.million through August 2023. The 2018 Credit Facilityagreement also provides a sublimit of $100.0 million to be used for the issuance of letters of credit. The applicable interest rate under the 2018 Credit Facility is based on the Prime Rate, the Federal Funds Rate, or the London InterBank Offered Rate (LIBOR), depending upon the type of borrowing, plus an applicable margin based on our consolidated net debt coverage ratio as of the end of each fiscal quarter. We had no outstanding borrowings under these agreementsthis agreement as of September 30, 20182019 or December 31, 2017.2018. Standby letters of credit under these agreementsthis agreement amounted to $3.9 million at September 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017,2018 and were primarily related to the requirements of certain of our real estate leases.



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On September 5, 2018, we entered intoWe also have a Joinder and Amendment No. 2 to our Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement (the “2018 Receivables Purchase Agreement”) relating to our $200.0 million secured accounts receivable facility. The 2018 Receivables Purchase Agreement has a scheduled maturity date of September 3, 2021,that allows us to borrow funds against qualifying trade receivables at rates based on one-month LIBOR up to $200.0 million and provides for the issuance of standby letters of credit.credit through September 2021. We had no outstanding borrowings under this facility at September 30, 20182019 or December 31, 2017.2018. At September 30, 20182019 and December 31, 2017,2018, standby letters of credit under this agreement amounted to $62.8$70.3 million and $63.8$65.3 million, respectively, and were primarily related to the requirements of certain of our insurance obligations.

7. LEASE RECEIVABLES

We finance various types of transportation-related equipment for independent third parties. The transactions are generally for one to five years and are accounted for as sales-type or direct financing leases. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the investment in lease receivables was as follows:
(in millions) September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Future minimum payments to be received on leases $141.5
 $141.2
Guaranteed residual lease values 148.7
 130.7
Total minimum lease payments to be received 290.2
 271.9
Unearned income (29.0) (28.1)
Net investment in leases 261.2
 243.8
     
Current maturities of lease receivables 131.0
 106.6
Less—allowance for doubtful accounts (0.5) (1.7)
Current portion of lease receivables—net of allowance 130.5
 104.9
     
Lease receivables—noncurrent $130.7
 $138.9


8. INCOME TAXES


Our effective income tax rate was 25.8%26.2% and 39.2%25.8% for the three months ended September 30, 20182019 and 2017,2018, respectively, and 25.8%25.3% and 38.8%25.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and 2017, respectively. The decrease in the rates was due to the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in December 2017. In determining the quarterly provision for income taxes, we use an estimated annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items. This rate is based on our expected annual income, statutory tax rates, and best estimate of nontaxable and nondeductible items of income and expense.


In accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, the amounts recorded in the fourth quarter of 2017 related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act represent reasonable estimates based on our analysis to date and are considered to be provisional and subject to revision during 2018. Due to the complex nature of the enacted tax law changes, and their application, certain amounts related to our 2017 tax provision recorded in the financial statements as a result of the Tax Legislation are to be considered "provisional" and subject to revision, as we await additional guidance from income tax authorities. No changes were made to the estimated impacts in the first three quarters of 2018.



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9. COMMON EQUITY


Earnings Per Share


The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20182019 and 2017.2018:
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(in millions, except per share data) 2019 2018 2019 2018
Numerator:        
Net income available to common shareholders $19.7
 $70.7
 $91.1
 $184.1

        
Denominator:        
Weighted average common shares outstanding 177.1
 177.0
 177.1
 177.0
Effect of dilutive restricted share units 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
 0.2
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding 177.3
 177.2
 177.3
 177.2

        
Basic earnings per common share $0.11
 $0.40
 $0.51
 $1.04
Diluted earnings per common share 0.11
 0.40
 0.51
 1.04

  Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions, except per share data) 2018 2017 2018 2017
Numerator:        
    Net income available to common shareholders $70.7
 $36.9
 $184.1
 $106.0

        
Denominator:        
    Weighted average common shares issued and outstanding 177.0
 176.9
 177.0
 169.2
    Effect of dilutive restricted share units 0.2
 0.1
 0.2
 0.1
    Weighted average diluted common shares issued and outstanding 177.2
 177.0
 177.2
 169.3

        
Basic earnings per common share $0.40
 $0.21
 $1.04
 $0.63
Diluted earnings per common share $0.40
 $0.21
 $1.04
 $0.63


The calculation of diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20182019 excluded an immaterial amount of share-based compensation awards that had an anti-dilutive effect.


Subsequent Event - Dividends Declared

In October of 2018,2019, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend for the fourth fiscal quarter of 20182019 in the amount of $0.06 per share to holders of our Class A and Class B common stock. The dividend is payable to shareholders of record at the close of business on December 14, 2018,13, 2019 and is expected to be paid on January 7, 2019.9, 2020.


10. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION


We grant various equity-based awards relating to Class B Common Stock under our 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (“the Plan”). These awards consist of the following: restricted shares, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance-based restricted shares (“Performance Shares”), performance-based restricted stock units (“PSUs”), and non-qualified stock options.


The following table summarizesDuring the componentsthree months ended September 30, 2019, we recognized a net benefit of $2.4 million for our share based compensation plans due to the reduction in the anticipated payout of performance-based awards. There was no share-based compensation program expense:

  Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) 2018 2017 2018 2017
Restricted Shares and RSUs $0.8
 $0.4
 $2.4
 $1.0
Pre-IPO Restricted Shares 0.2
 0.5
 0.8
 1.6
Performance Shares and PSUs 0.8
 0.6
 2.0
 1.3
Nonqualified Stock Options 0.3
 0.2
 1.1
 0.4
Share-based compensation expense $2.1
 $1.7
 $6.3
 $4.3
Related tax benefit $0.5
 $0.7
 $1.6
 $1.7

expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Share-based compensation expense was $2.1 million and $6.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. We recognize share-based compensation expense over the awards' vesting period. As of September 30, 2018,2019, we had $13.7$11.3 million of pre-tax unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding share-based compensation awards that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.62.7 years.



15


TableThe Black-Scholes valuation model is used by the Company to determine the grant date fair value of Contents

Restricted Shares and RSUs

Underoption awards. The Company uses its stock price on the Plan,grant date as the majority offair value assigned to the restricted shares, RSUs, performance shares, and RSUs granted in 2017 and 2018 vest ratably over a four-year period, with the first 25% of the grant vesting approximately one year after the date of grant, subject to continued employment through the vesting date or retirement eligibility. Dividend equivalents equal to dividends paid on our common shares during the vesting period are tracked and accumulated for each restricted share and RSU. The dividend equivalents are forfeitable and are distributed to participants in cash consistent with the date the awards vest.

A small portion of the restricted shares relate to a one-time 2018 grant, which vests 50% after a five-year period, with the remaining 50% vesting after a six-year period after the grant date, subject to continued employment through the vesting date. Dividend equivalents equal to dividends paid on our common shares during the vesting period are tracked and accumulated for each restricted share. The dividend equivalents are distributed to participants in cash consistent with the date the awards vest.
Restricted Shares and RSUs Number of Awards Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Unit
Unvested at December 31, 2017 240,016
 $19.00
Granted 229,272
 26.82
Vested (74,795) 19.00
Forfeited (14,370) 20.21
Unvested at September 30, 2018 380,123
 $23.67

Prior to our IPO, we granted restricted shares of Class B Common Stock. Shares included in the pre-IPO restricted share grants vest ratably over a three-year period. Cash dividends are not paid on the unvested pre-IPO restricted shares, nor do they accumulate during the vesting period.
Pre-IPO Restricted Shares Number of Awards Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2017 152,199
 $19.00
Granted 
 
Vested (101,643) 19.00
Forfeited (5,084) 19.00
Unvested at September 30, 2018 45,472
 $19.00
Performance Shares and PSUs

PSUs. Performance shares and PSUs include a three-year performance period with vestingare earned based on attainment of threshold performance of earnings and return on capital targets. These awards cliff-vest at the end of the three-year performance period, subject to continued employment through the vesting dateand earnings or retirement eligibility, and payout ranges from 0%-200% for PSUs and from 0%-100% for performance shares. Dividend equivalents equal to dividends paid on our common shares during the vesting period are tracked and accumulated for each award. The dividend equivalents are forfeitable and are distributed to participants in cash consistent with the date the awards vest.net income targets.
Performance Shares and PSUs Number of Awards Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2017 391,541
 $19.00
Granted 303,228
 26.78
Vested 
 
Forfeited (45,113) 19.00
Unvested at September 30, 2018 649,656
 $22.63


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Nonqualified Stock Options

The options granted under the Plan have an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the underlying stock at the date of grant and vest ratably over a four-year period, with the first 25% of the grant becoming exercisable approximately one year after the date of grant. The options expire ten years from the date of grant.

Nonqualified Stock Options Number of Awards Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2017 229,620
 $6.37
Granted 173,024
 8.96
Vested (8,410) 6.37
Forfeited (25,230) 6.37
Unvested at September 30, 2018 369,004
 $7.59

Assumptions used in calculating the Black-Scholes value of options granted during 2018 were as follows:
Weighted-average Black-Scholes value $8.96
Black-Scholes Assumptions:  
Expected term 6.25 years
Expected volatility 32.2%
Expected dividend yield 0.9%
Risk-free interest rate 2.8%


11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES


In the ordinary course of conducting our business we become involved in certain legal matters and investigations on a number of matters, including liability claims, taxes other than income taxes, contract disputes, employment, and other litigation matters. We accrue for anticipated costs to defend and resolve matters that are probable and estimable. We believe the outcomes of these matters will not have a material impact on our business or our consolidated financial statements.



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We record liabilities for claims accruals based on our best estimate of expected losses. The primary claims arising for the Company consist of accident-related claims for personal injury, collision, and comprehensive compensation, in addition to workers' compensation and cargo liability claims. We maintain insurance with licensed insurance carriers above the amounts in which we self-insure. We review our accruals periodically to ensure that the aggregate amounts of our accruals are appropriate at any period after consideration of available insurance coverage. Although it is possible that our claims accruals will change based on future developments, we do not believe these changes will be material to our results of operations considering our insurance coverage and other factors.

At September 30, 2018,2019, our firm commitments to purchase transportation equipment totaled approximately $131.6$278.1 million.


WSL Acquisition
The purchase and sale agreement related to our June 2016 acquisition of WSL included guaranteed payments of $20.0 million to the former owners of WSL on each of the first three anniversary dates of the closing. The liability recorded was discounted between one percent and three percent, based on credit-adjusted discount rates. The initial payment in the amount of $19.7 million, including calculated interest based on the discounted amount recorded, was made in June 2017 and reflected an adjustment for a working capital true-up. The second payment in the amount of $20.0 million was made in June 2018. The present value of the remaining payment was $18.7 million at September 30, 2018, which is recorded in other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.
The representative of the former owners of WSL has claimedfiled a lawsuit in the Delaware Court of Chancery which alleges that we have not fulfilled certain obligations under the purchase and sale agreement relating to the post-closing operations of the business, amongst other matters, and that, as a result, the former owners claim they are entitled to an acceleratedadditional payment of the$40.0 million. For additional information on this contingent amount described inpayment see Note 3, 4, Fair Value, without regard to whether the specified earnings targets are met.. A trial date has been set for April 2020. We believe this claim is meritless and have filed an action in the Delaware Court of Chancery seeking a declaratory judgment that we have complied withstrong defenses to this claim. A judgment by the Court against us could have a material adverse effect on our obligations under the agreement and that no accelerated payment is owed.results of operations. 




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12. SEGMENT REPORTING


We have three3 reportable segments – Truckload, Intermodal, and Logistics – which are based primarily on the services each segment provides.


As of December 31, 2017,2018, our operating segments within the Truckload reportable segment were VTL, Dedicated,FTFM, and Bulk. DuringOn July 29, 2019 the second quarterBoard of 2018, we reorganizedDirectors approved a structured shutdown of our FTFM service offering, which was included within our FTFM operating segment. Once the structureshutdown of the FTFM service offering is complete, there will be two operating segments within the Truckload reportable segment, separating FTFM into its own operating segmentVTL and moving the remaining business that was previously under the Dedicated operating segment into the VTL operating segment. The Truckload reportable segment now consists of three operating segments (VTL, FTFM, and Bulk) that are aggregated because they have similar economic characteristics and meet the other aggregation criteria described in the accounting guidance for segment reporting.Bulk.


The chief operating decision maker (CODM)CODM reviews revenues for each operating segment without the inclusion of fuel surcharge revenues. For segment purposes, any fuel surcharge revenues earned are recorded as a reduction of the segment’s fuel expenses. For all operating segments except FTFM, revenue is recognized upon delivery, and in-transit revenue is not reflected in segment results. Income from operations at a segment level reflects the measures presented to the CODM for each segment.


Separate balance sheets are not prepared by segment, and, as a result, assets are not separately identifiable by segment. All transactions between reporting segments are eliminated in consolidation.


The following tables summarize our segment information. Intersegment revenues were immaterial for all segments, with the exception of Other, which includes revenues from insurance premiums charged to other segments for workers’ compensation, auto, and other types of insurance. Intersegment revenues included in Other revenues below were $20.7$20.8 million and $20.5$20.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 20182019 and 2017,2018, respectively, and $62.0$66.8 million and $57.9$62.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 20182019 and 2017,2018, respectively.


 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
Revenues by Segment (in millions)
 2018 2017 2018 2017
Revenues by Segment Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2019 2018 2019 2018
Truckload $565.0
 $551.7
 $1,685.0
 $1,616.8
 $515.6
 $566.9
 $1,582.3
 $1,685.0
Intermodal 252.1
 196.0
 681.0
 571.4
 249.2
 254.4
 746.6
 688.0
Logistics 268.7
 209.1
 739.2
 584.7
 236.1
 271.8
 707.0
 743.7
Total revenues of reportable segments 1,085.8
 956.8
 3,105.2
 2,772.9
Other 91.2
 85.4
 248.5
 214.5
 94.3
 83.9
 290.0
 237.0
Fuel surcharge 134.9
 93.9
 385.8
 276.8
 114.2
 134.9
 350.2
 385.8
Inter-segment eliminations (31.8) (25.3) (84.1) (71.8) (25.5) (31.8) (85.4) (84.1)
Operating revenues $1,280.1
 $1,110.8
 $3,655.4
 $3,192.4
 $1,183.9
 $1,280.1
 $3,590.7
 $3,655.4

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 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
Income (Loss) from Operations by Segment (in millions)
 2018 2017 2018 2017
Income (Loss) from Operations by Segment Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2019 2018 2019 2018
Truckload(1) $53.1
 $41.1
 $162.8
 $132.9
 $(12.5) $54.4
 $18.6
 $162.2
Intermodal 36.1
 12.2
 88.7
 30.0
 25.1
 36.1
 75.5
 90.7
Logistics 12.5
 9.1
 30.4
 20.8
 9.9
 13.0
 29.4
 31.2
Other (3.8) 1.7
 (24.7) 2.9
 6.5
 (5.6) 6.2
 (26.9)
Income from operations 97.9
 64.1
 257.2
 186.6
 $29.0
 $97.9
 $129.7
 $257.2
Other expense—net 2.6
 3.4
 9.1
 13.4
Income before income taxes $95.3
 $60.7
 $248.1
 $173.2
(1) Included within Truckload (loss) income from operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 were $50.4 million of restructuring charges associated with the shutdown of the FTFM service offering and an $11.5 million impairment on assets held for sale related to an agreement the Company signed in the third quarter of 2019 to sell tractors in the fourth quarter. The impairment on assets held for sale was recorded within operating supplies and expenses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. An additional $34.6 million goodwill impairment charge related to the FTFM reporting unit was recorded within Truckload income from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense by Segment Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2019 2018 2019 2018
Truckload $53.2
 $52.6
 $161.5
 $157.3
Intermodal 11.3
 10.3
 33.2
 29.0
Logistics 0.2
 0.1
 0.5
 0.3
Other 9.4
 10.3
 27.2
 30.3
Depreciation and amortization expense $74.1
 $73.3
 $222.4
 $216.9

  Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
Depreciation and Amortization Expense by Segment (in millions)
 2018 2017 2018 2017
Truckload $52.6
 $51.7
 $157.3
 $152.7
Intermodal 10.3
 8.8
 29.0
 25.3
Logistics 0.1
 0.1
 0.3
 0.3
Other 10.3
 9.9
 30.3
 28.7
Depreciation and amortization expense $73.3
 $70.5
 $216.9
 $207.0
Substantially all of our revenues and assets were generated or located within the United States.


In 2019, we began recognizing in-transit revenues and related expenses at the reporting segment level for all operating segments to better align revenues and costs within our reporting segments. Prior to 2019, revenues at the operating segment level reflected revenue recognized upon delivery, and in-transit revenue was recorded within Other, except for FTFM. For consistency, we have restated the 2018 revenue and income (loss) from operations by segment in the tables above to reflect this new measure of revenue and segment profit. The tables below reflect the impact of this change by reporting segment on revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) and income (loss) from operations.
18
Increase (Decrease) in Revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) by Segment Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2018 2018
Truckload $1.9
 $
Intermodal 2.3
 7.0
Logistics 3.1
 4.5
Other (7.3) (11.5)
Total $
 $

Increase (Decrease) in Income (Loss) from Operations by Segment Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2018 2018
Truckload $1.3
 $(0.6)
Intermodal 
 2.0
Logistics 0.5
 0.8
Other (1.8) (2.2)
Total $
 $



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13. RESTRUCTURING CHARGES

On July 29, 2019 the Company’s Board of Directors approved a structured shutdown of its FTFM service offering within its Truckload reporting segment which was substantially complete as of August 31, 2019. As part of the shutdown, $50.4 million of restructuring charges were incurred during the third quarter of 2019. Combined with anticipated future shutdown costs, the Company will be at the lower end of its estimated range of $50.0 million to $75.0 million. All of the restructuring charges were recorded within our Truckload reporting segment. Pre-tax losses of our FTFM service offering were $8.9 million and $9.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively and $34.2 million and $19.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The costs associated with the shutdown are presented separately on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income within restructuring charges and are summarized in the following table for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019:
(in millions) September 30, 2019
Impairment charges $35.7
Receivables write-down 7.6
Other costs 7.1
Total restructuring charges $50.4


As part of our assessment of impairment charges during the quarter ended September 30, 2019, we recorded at fair value $50.6 million of transportation equipment using market data and $13.6 million of right-of-use lease assets using discounted cash flow analyses. As a result of the above, we utilized level 3 inputs in calculating the fair value. These assets, less the cost to sell, are recorded within prepaid expenses and other current assets and other noncurrent assets, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2019.

As of December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019, FTFM restructuring liabilities are classified as current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and balances are as follows:
(in millions) Restructuring Liabilities
Balance at December 31, 2018 $
Restructuring charges 7.1
Cash payments (5.2)
Balance at September 30, 2019 $1.9


The required criteria, as defined by ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, was satisfied as part of the shutdown of our FTFM service offering for reclassification of related transportation equipment into assets held for sale. The following table presents information on assets held for sale as of December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019 within our Truckload segment. As of September 30, 2019, $50.6 million of the assets held for sale balance relates to the shutdown of our FTFM service offering. Assets held for sale, net of impairment, are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
(in millions) September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Truckload $119.2
 $19.5


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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations


The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.2018.


INTRODUCTION


We are a leading transportation and logistics services company providing a broad portfolio of premier truckload, intermodal, and logistics solutions and operating one of the largest for-hire trucking fleets in North America. Our highly flexible and balanced business combines asset-based truckload services with asset-light intermodal and non-asset logistics offerings, enabling us to serve our customers’ diverse transportation needs. Our broad portfolio of services provides us with a greater opportunity to allocate growth capital within our portfolio of services in a manner designed to maximize returns throughout the seasonalacross all market cycles and economic business cycles. For example, we can efficiently moveconditions. We continually monitor our equipment between servicesperformance and regions when we see opportunitiesmarket conditions to enhanceensure appropriate allocation of capital and resources to grow our return on capital.businesses and to optimize returns across reportable segments. Our Queststrong balance sheet enables us to carry out an acquisition strategy that strengthens our overall portfolio. We are positioned to leverage our scalable platform serves as an instrumental factor in driving profitable growth from both new and existing customers as it enables real-time, data-driven decision supportexperienced operations team to acquire high-quality businesses that meet our disciplined selection criteria to broaden our service offerings and business analysis of every load/order, assisting our associates in proactively serving customer needs while maximizing productivity of our drivers, assets, and related third-party providers.base.


Our truckload services include standard long-haul and regional shipping services final mile “white glove” delivery,primarily using dry van equipment, bulk, temperature-controlled, and customized solutions for high-value, and time-sensitive loads. These services are executed through either for-hire or dedicated contracts throughout North America.contracts. FTFM residential and retail store delivery services were also provided into the third quarter of 2019, when that service offering was shut down.


Our intermodal service consists of door-to-door container on flat car service by a combination of rail and over-the-road transportation, in association with our rail carrier partners. Our intermodal service offersuses company-owned containers, chassis, and trucks, using primarily company dray drivers to offer vast coverage throughout North America, including cross-border freight utilizing company containers and trucks.cross border.


Our logistics offerings consist of non-asset freight brokerage services, supply chain services (including 3PL), and import/export services. Our logistics business typically provides value-added services using third-party capacity, augmented by our assets, to manage and move our customers’ freight.


Our success depends on our ability to balance our transportation network and efficiently and effectively manage our resources in the delivery of truckload, intermodal, and logistics services to our customers. Resource requirements vary with customer demand, which may be subject to seasonal or general economic conditions. We believe that our ability to properly select freight and adapt to changes in customer transportation needs allows us to efficiently deploy resources and make capital investments in trucks, trailers, containers, and chassis, or obtain qualified third-party capacity at a reasonable price for our logistics segment. 


Consistent with the transportation industry, our results of operations generally show a seasonal pattern. The strongest volumes are typically in the late third and fourth quarters. Operating expenses tend to be higher in the winter months primarily due to colder weather, which causes higher maintenance expense and higher fuel consumption from increased idle time.






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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS


Non-GAAP Financial Measures


In this section of our report, we present the following non-GAAP financial measures: (1) revenues (excluding fuel surcharge), (2) adjusted income from operations, (3) adjusted operating ratio, and (4) adjusted net income. We also provide reconciliations of these measures to the most directly comparable financial measures calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.

Management believes the use of each of these non-GAAP measures assists investors in understanding our business by (a) removing the impact of items from our operating results that, in our opinion, do not reflect our core operating performance, (b) providing investors with the same information our management uses internally to assess our core operating performance, and (c) presenting comparable financial results between periods.

In addition, in the case of revenues (excluding fuel surcharge), we believe the measure is useful to investors because it isolates volume, price, and cost changes directly related to industry demand and the way we operate our business from the external factor of fluctuating fuel prices and the programs we have in place to manage fuel price fluctuations. Fuel-related costs and their impact on our industry are important to our results of operations, but they are often independent of other, more relevant factors affecting our results of operations and our industry.



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Although we believe these non-GAAP measures are useful to investors, they have limitations as analytical tools and may not be comparable to similar measures disclosed by other companies. You should not consider the non-GAAP measures in this report in isolation or as substitutes for, or alternatives to, analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. The exclusion of unusual or non-recurringinfrequent items or other adjustments reflected in the non-GAAP measures should not be construed as an inference that our future results will not be affected by unusual or non-recurringinfrequent items or by other items similar to such adjustments. Our management compensates for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP results in addition to using the non-GAAP measures.


Enterprise Summary


The following table includes key GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures for the consolidated enterprise. Adjustments to arrive at non-GAAP measures are made at the enterprise level, with the exception of fuel surcharge revenues, which are excluded fromnot included in segment revenues.
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(in millions, except ratios)2018 2017 2018 2017 2019 2018 2019 2018
Operating revenues$1,280.1
 $1,110.8
 $3,655.4
 $3,192.4
 $1,183.9
 $1,280.1
 $3,590.7
 $3,655.4
Revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) (1)
1,145.2
 1,016.9
 3,269.6
 2,915.6
 1,069.7
 1,145.2
 3,240.5
 3,269.6
Income from operations97.9
 64.1
 257.2
 186.6
 29.0
 97.9
 129.7
 257.2
Adjusted income from operations (2)
97.9
 69.2
 263.0
 181.7
 79.4
 97.9
 214.7
 263.0
Operating ratio92.4% 94.2% 93.0% 94.2% 97.6% 92.4% 96.4% 93.0%
Adjusted operating ratio (3)
91.5% 93.2% 92.0% 93.8% 92.6% 91.5% 93.4% 92.0%
Net income$70.7
 $36.9
 $184.1
 $106.0
 $19.7
 $70.7
 $91.1
 $184.1
Adjusted net income (4)
70.7
 40.0
 188.4
 103.0
 57.2
 70.7
 154.4
 188.4
(1)Non-GAAP Measure: RevenuesWe define “revenues (excluding fuel surcharge)” as operating revenues less fuel surcharge revenues, which are excluded from revenues at the segment level. Included below is a reconciliation of operating revenues, the most closely comparable GAAP financial measure, to revenues (excluding fuel surcharge).
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)2018 2017 2018 2017
Operating revenues$1,280.1
 $1,110.8
 $3,655.4
 $3,192.4
Less: Fuel surcharge revenues134.9
 93.9
 385.8
 276.8
Revenues (excluding fuel surcharge)$1,145.2
 $1,016.9
 $3,269.6
 $2,915.6






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(2)Non-GAAP Measure: AdjustedWe define “adjusted income from operations
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)2018 2017 2018 2017
Income from operations$97.9
 $64.1
 $257.2
 $186.6
Duplicate chassis costs (a)

 5.4
 
 8.3
WSL contingent consideration adjustment (b)

 (0.3) 
 (13.2)
        Litigation (c)

 
 5.8
 
Adjusted income from operations$97.9
 $69.2
 $263.0
 $181.7
(a)As of December 31, 2017, we completed our migration to an owned chassis model, which required the replacement of rented chassis with owned chassis. Accordingly, we adjusted ouroperations” as income from operations, adjusted to exclude material items that do not reflect our core operating performance. Included below is a reconciliation of income from operations, which is the most directly comparable GAAP measure, to adjusted income from operations. Excluded items for rental costs related to idle chassis as rental units were replaced.the periods shown are explained in the table and notes below. 
(b)(3)
In 2017, we recorded fair value adjustmentsWe define “adjusted operating ratio” as operating expenses, adjusted to exclude material items that do not reflect our core operating performance, divided by revenues (excluding fuel surcharge). Included below is a reconciliation of operating ratio, which is the contingent consideration relatedmost directly comparable GAAP measure, to adjusted operating ratio. Excluded items for the acquisitionperiods shown are explained below under our explanation of WSL. See Note 3, Fair Value, for more information.
“adjusted income from operations.”
(c)(4)We define “adjusted net income” as net income, adjusted to exclude material items that do not reflect our core operating performance. Included below is a reconciliation of net income, which is the most directly comparable GAAP measure, to adjusted net income. Excluded items for the periods shown are explained below under our explanation of “adjusted income from operations.”

Revenues (excluding fuel surcharge)
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2019 2018 2019 2018
Operating revenues $1,183.9
 $1,280.1
 $3,590.7
 $3,655.4
Less: Fuel surcharge revenues 114.2
 134.9
 350.2
 385.8
Revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) $1,069.7
 $1,145.2
 $3,240.5
 $3,269.6


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Adjusted income from operations
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2019 2018 2019 2018
Income from operations $29.0
 $97.9
 $129.7
 $257.2
Litigation (1)
 
 
 
 5.8
Goodwill impairment (2)
 
 
 34.6
 
Restructuring charges (3)
 50.4
 
 50.4
 
Adjusted income from operations $79.4
 $97.9
 $214.7
 $263.0
(1)Costs associated with the settlement of a lawsuit that challenged Washington State labor law compliance.compliance during 2018.

(2)A full impairment of FTFM's goodwill was recorded in the second quarter of 2019.
(3)Non-GAAP Measure: Adjusted operating ratio
Costs associated with the shutdown of the FTFM service offering. Refer to Note 13, Restructuring Charges, for additional details.

Adjusted operating ratio
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(in millions, except ratios)Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018
2018 2017 2018 2017
Total operating expenses$1,182.2
 $1,046.7
 $3,398.2
 $3,005.8
 $1,154.9
 $1,182.2
 $3,461.0
 $3,398.2
Divide by: Operating revenues1,280.1
 1,110.8
 3,655.4
 3,192.4
 1,183.9
 1,280.1
 3,590.7
 3,655.4
Operating ratio92.4% 94.2% 93.0% 94.2% 97.6% 92.4% 96.4% 93.0%
        
Total operating expenses $1,154.9
 $1,182.2
 $3,461.0
 $3,398.2
Adjusted for:        
Fuel surcharge revenues (114.2) (134.9) (350.2) (385.8)
Litigation 
 
 
 (5.8)
Goodwill impairment 
 
 (34.6) 
Restructuring charges (50.4) 
 (50.4) 
Adjusted total operating expenses $990.3
 $1,047.3
 $3,025.8
 $3,006.6
               
Operating revenues$1,280.1
 $1,110.8
 $3,655.4
 $3,192.4
 $1,183.9
 $1,280.1
 $3,590.7
 $3,655.4
Less: Fuel surcharge revenues134.9
 93.9
 385.8
 276.8
 114.2
 134.9
 350.2
 385.8
Revenues (excluding fuel surcharge)$1,145.2
 $1,016.9
 $3,269.6
 $2,915.6
 $1,069.7
 $1,145.2
 $3,240.5
 $3,269.6
               
Total operating expenses$1,182.2
 $1,046.7
 $3,398.2
 $3,005.8
       
Adjusted for:       
Fuel surcharge revenues(134.9) (93.9) (385.8) (276.8)
Duplicate chassis costs
 (5.4) 
 (8.3)
WSL contingent consideration adjustment
 0.3
 
 13.2
Litigation
 
 (5.8) 
Adjusted total operating expense$1,047.3
 $947.7
 $3,006.6
 $2,733.9
.
      
Adjusted operating ratio91.5% 93.2% 92.0% 93.8% 92.6% 91.5% 93.4% 92.0%

Adjusted net income
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2019 2018 2019 2018
Net income $19.7
 $70.7
 $91.1
 $184.1
Litigation 
 
 
 5.8
Goodwill impairment 
 
 34.6
 
Restructuring charges 50.4
 
 50.4
 
Income tax effect of non-GAAP adjustments(1)
 (12.9) 
 (21.7) (1.5)
Adjusted net income $57.2
 $70.7
 $154.4
 $188.4
(4)(1)Non-GAAP Measure: Adjusted net incomeTax impacts are calculated using the applicable consolidated federal and state effective tax rate, modified to remove the impact of discrete tax adjustments.

 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)2018 2017 2018 2017
Net income$70.7
 $36.9
 $184.1
 $106.0
Duplicate chassis costs
 5.4
 
 8.3
WSL contingent consideration adjustment
 (0.3) 
 (13.2)
Litigation
 
 5.8
 
Income tax effect of non-GAAP adjustments
 (2.0) (1.5) 1.9
Adjusted net income$70.7
 $40.0
 $188.4
 $103.0





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Three Months Ended September 30, 20182019 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 20172018


Net Income


Net income increased $33.8decreased $51.0 million, approximately 92%72%, in the third quarter of 20182019 compared to the same quarter in 2017,2018, primarily as a resultdue to pretax charges of strong pricing across all three segments, increased volume in our Intermodal and Logistics segments, and$50.4 million for restructuring associated with the impactshutdown of the income tax rate reductionCompany's FTFM service offering and an $11.5 million pretax impairment of held for sale assets related to an agreement signed in the third quarter of 2019 to sell tractors in the fourth quarter. In addition, freight volumes declined in 2019 due to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted in December 2017.lower demand. Adjusted net income increased $30.7decreased $13.5 million, approximately 77%19%.


Revenues


Enterprise operating revenues increased $169.3decreased $96.2 million, approximately 15%8%, in the third quarter of 20182019 compared to the same quarter in 2017. Increased revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) resulted primarily from strong pricing and volume increases in our Logistics and Intermodal segments, which increased $59.6 million and $56.1 million, respectively, driven by growth in our brokerage business and an industry-wide shortage in driver capacity. Other factors2018.

Factors contributing to the increase in revenuesdecrease were as follows:
a $41.0$51.3 million increase in fuel surcharge revenues and a $13.3 million increasedecrease in our Truckload segment revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) resulting from reduced Truckload volume largely due to lower demand and a decrease of approximately $22.0 million related to the shutdown of the FTFM service offering (which was substantially complete as of the end of August 2019), that will continue for the remainder of 2019;
a $35.7 million decrease in our Logistics segment revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) primarily due to price.one of the Company's import/export customers insourcing their warehouse management function in April 2019 combined with lower revenue per order within brokerage due to a compression in rates, partially offset by an 11% increase in brokerage volumes;

a $20.7 million decrease in fuel surcharge revenues primarily related to decreased volumes; and
a $5.2 million decrease in our Intermodal segment revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) due to a decrease in order volume, partially offset by improved revenue per order.

The above factors were partially offset by a $9.6 million increase in revenues from equipment sales by our leasing business under sales-type leases.

Enterprise revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) increased $128.3decreased $75.5 million, approximately 13%7%.


Income from Operations and Operating Ratio


Enterprise income from operations increased $33.8decreased $68.9 million, approximately 53%70%, in the third quarter of 20182019 compared to the same quarter in 2017,2018, primarily due to strong pricing across all segments, combined$50.4 million of restructuring charges associated with increased volumethe shutdown of 20%the FTFM service offering and 11% in our Logistics and Intermodal segments, respectively. The increasesan $11.5 million impairment of assets held for sale. Lower demand also negatively impacted profitability, but decreases were partially offset by higher driver-relatedreduced performance-based incentive compensation, driver related costs, and a loss of $9.5 million in FTFM.other variable costs. Adjusted income from operations increased $28.7decreased $18.5 million, approximately 41%19%.


Enterprise operating ratio improvedweakened on both a GAAP basis and an adjusted basis. OurAmong other factors, our operating ratio can be negatively impacted by changes in portfolio mix when our higher operating ratio, less asset-focused Logistics segment grows faster than our lower operating ratio, capital-intensive Truckload segment.


Key operating expense items that impacted our income from operations and operating ratiofluctuations are described below.
Purchased transportation costs increased $117.2decreased $9.4 million, or 29%2%, quarter over quarter driven by volume increases of 20% and 11%,lower rates in our Logistics segment, a reduction of FTFM costs given the mid-quarter shutdown of the service offering, and a 4% decline in Intermodal segments, respectively. The additionalorder volume. This was partially offset by an increase in various Intermodal third-party costs, including rail, and increased order volume resulted in higher purchased transportation costs forof 11% within our Logistics and Intermodal segments of $53.9 million and $45.0 million, respectively. Elevated carrier prices and rail rates also contributed to the rise in purchased transportation costs quarter over quarter due to driver capacity constraints. As a percentage of revenues, purchased transportation costs increased 4% quarter over quarter.brokerage business.
Salaries, wages, and benefits increased $9.8decreased $59.9 million, or 3%19%, quarter over quarter, driven by an increase in incentive compensation, higher commissions in our Logistics segment, and increased non-driver associate wages in our FTFM terminal operations primarilylargely due to the conversion fromelimination of salaries, wages, and benefits associated with warehouse management operations insourced by an agentimport/export customer in April 2019, the shutdown of the FTFM service offering, and other cost savings initiatives. We expect to companysee continued favorability year over year in salaries, wages, and benefits as a result of these changes. Lower performance-based incentive compensation, driver model.pay, and Company benefit costs also contributed to the decrease. Salaries, wages, and benefits decreased 3% quarter over quarter on a percentage of revenues basis.

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Fuel and fuel taxes for our company trucks increased $11.1decreased $16.8 million, or 15%19%, quarter over quarter, driven primarily by an increasea 5% decrease in thecompany driver miles and a decrease in cost of fuel per gallon. A portion of the decline in company driver miles is attributable to the shutdown of the FTFM service offering. Decreased company driver miles were partially offset by increased owner-operator miles, which do not impact company fuel costs. A significant portion of changes in fuel costs isare recovered through our fuel surcharge programs.
DepreciationOperating supplies and amortization expenses increased$2.8 $15.6 million, or 4%13%, quarter over quarter driven by an $11.5 million impairment charge recorded on assets held for sale related to an agreement signed in the third quarter of 2019 to sell tractors in the fourth quarter and growth in equipment sales under sales-type leases by our leasing business resulting in higher cost of goods sold of $10.4 million. Increases in equipment losses and software subscription costs were partially offset by a combined $11.4 million decrease in temporary worker pay due to insourcing by one of our import/export customers in April 2019 and reduced maintenance and parts spend attributable to less company driver miles, cost savings initiatives, and younger age of fleet.
Other general expenses decreased $8.3 million, or 23%, quarter over quarter primarily attributable to trailer depreciation as we replaced trailers to maintain an appropriate age of fleet. Our 2017 conversion from leased to owned chassis in our Intermodal segment also contributed to the increase.
Operating supplies and expenses decreased $11.8 million, or 9%, quarter over quarter. The decrease was mainly due to $9.0 million lower rent expense, primarily due to our conversion from leased to owned chassis, and $2.3 million of higher gains on sales of equipment. We also experienced a decrease in costs of goods sold for our leasing business, which is part of the operating supplies and expense line item, quarter over quarter, as a result of the mix between newreduced driver recruiting and used leased units.
Other general expenses increased $4.5 million, or 14%, quarter over quarter. The primary reason for the increase was additional driver training and recruiting expenses as a result of industry-wide driver capacity shortages.costs associated with cost savings initiatives.
Restructuring charges increased $50.4 million quarter over quarter due to the recording of impairment charges, write-down of receivables, and other costs associated with the shutdown of the FTFM service offering. Refer to Note 13, Restructuring Charges, for additional details.




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Segment Contributions to Results of Operations


The following tables summarize revenue and earningsincome (loss) from operations by segment.segment:
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
Revenues by Segment (in millions)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 2018
2018 2017
Truckload$565.0
 $551.7
 $515.6
 $566.9
Intermodal252.1
 196.0
 249.2
 254.4
Logistics268.7
 209.1
 236.1
 271.8
Other91.2
 85.4
 94.3
 83.9
Fuel surcharge134.9
 93.9
 114.2
 134.9
Inter-segment eliminations(31.8) (25.3) (25.5) (31.8)
Operating revenues$1,280.1
 $1,110.8
 $1,183.9
 $1,280.1
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
Income (Loss) from Operations by Segment (in millions)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 2018
2018 2017
Truckload$53.1
 $41.1
 $(12.5) $54.4
Intermodal36.1
 12.2
 25.1
 36.1
Logistics12.5
 9.1
 9.9
 13.0
Other(3.8) 1.7
 6.5
 (5.6)
Income from operations97.9
 64.1
 29.0
 97.9
Adjustments:       
Duplicate chassis costs
 5.4
WSL contingent consideration adjustment
 (0.3)
Restructuring charges 50.4
 
Adjusted income from operations$97.9
 $69.2
 $79.4
 $97.9


































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Truckload
The following table presents our key performance indicators for our Truckload segment for the periods indicated, consistent with how revenues and expenses are reported internally for segment purposes. Descriptions of the four quadrants that make up our Truckload segment are as follows:
Dedicated standard - Transportation services with equipment devoted to customers under long-term contracts utilizing standard dry van trailing equipment.
Dedicated specialty - Transportation services with equipment devoted to customers under long-term contracts utilizing bulk, temperature controlled, flatbed, straight truck, and other specialty equipment.
For-hire standard - Transportation services of one-way shipments utilizing standard dry van trailing equipment.
For-hire specialty - Transportation services of one-way shipments utilizing bulk, temperature controlled, flatbed, straight truck, and other specialty equipment.
Three Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended
September 30,
2018 20172019 2018
Dedicated standard      
Revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) (1)
$81.2
 $73.4
$82.3
 $81.2
Average trucks (2) (3)
1,671
 1,654
1,807
 1,671
Revenue per truck per week (4)
$3,792
 $3,458
$3,515
 $3,792
Dedicated specialty      
Revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) (1)
$95.9
 $110.8
$93.4
 $95.9
Average trucks (2) (3)
2,107
 2,333
2,100
 2,107
Revenue per truck per week (4)
$3,551
 $3,700
$3,433
 $3,551
For-hire standard      
Revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) (1)
$306.3
 $289.7
$291.4
 $306.3
Average trucks (2) (3)
6,094
 6,345
6,003
 6,094
Revenue per truck per week (4)
$3,921
 $3,556
$3,746
 $3,921
For-hire specialty      
Revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) (1)
$81.6
 $77.8
$48.9
 $81.6
Average trucks (2) (3)
1,521
 1,558
1,009
 1,521
Revenue per truck per week (4)
$4,180
 $3,882
$3,746
 $4,180
Total Truckload      
Revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) (1)
$565.0
 $551.7
Revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) (6)
$515.6
 $566.9
Average trucks (2) (3)
11,393
 11,890
10,919
 11,393
Revenue per truck per week (4)
$3,868
 $3,614
$3,648
 $3,868
Average company trucks (3)
8,634
 9,119
7,998
 8,634
Average owner-operator trucks (3)
2,759
 2,771
2,921
 2,759
Trailers38,026
 38,615
35,612
 38,026
Operating ratio (5)
90.6% 92.6%102.4% 90.4%
(1)Revenues (excluding fuel surcharge), in millions.millions, exclude revenue in-transit.
(2)Includes company trucks and owner-operator trucks.
(3)Calculated based on beginning and end of month counts and represents the average number of trucks available to haul freight over the specified timeframe.
(4)Calculated excluding fuel surcharge and revenue in-transit, consistent with how revenue is reported internally for segment purposes, using weighted workdays.
(5)Calculated as segment operating expenses divided by segment revenues (excluding fuel surcharge). including revenue in-transit and related expenses at the operating segment level.
(6)Revenues (excluding fuel surcharge), in millions, include revenue in-transit at the operating segment level, and therefore does not sum with amounts presented above.


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Truckload revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) increased $13.3decreased $51.3 million, approximately 2%9%, in the third quarter of 20182019 compared to the same quarter in 2017, primarily due2018. Both volume and price declined quarter over quarter with the decrease in volume having the largest impact. Decreased volume of 9% was the result of lower demand compared to strong contract pricing, partially offset by reduced volume.the third quarter of 2018 and the shutdown of our FTFM service offering in the third quarter of 2019. Fewer premium and promotional revenue opportunities contributed to the decline in price. Revenue per truck per week increased $254,decreased $220, or 7%6%, quarter over quarter.quarter as a result of lower productivity.


Truckload income from operations increased $12.0decreased $66.9 million, approximately 29%123%, in the third quarter of 20182019 compared to the same quarter in 2017, primarily2018 due mainly to contract price improvement$50.4 million of restructuring charges related to the shutdown of our FTFM service offering and increased gains on equipment sales,an $11.5 million non-cash charge resulting from the impairment of assets held for sale. The decline in Truckload volume noted above also contributed to the decrease in income from operations but was partially offset by highera reduction in driver relatedand maintenance costs due to less company driver miles, cost savings initiatives, and a lossyounger age of $9.5 million from our FTFM operating segment. FTFM results were impacted by reduced volume, a bankruptcy write-off, and operational inefficiencies.fleet compared to the third quarter of 2018.


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Intermodal
The following table presents our key performance indicators for our Intermodal segment for the periods indicated.indicated:
Three Months Ended September 30,Three Months Ended
September 30,
2018 20172019 2018
Orders(1)115,936
 104,452
110,721
 115,936
Containers21,288
 17,557
23,014
 21,288
Trucks (1)(2)
1,482
 1,293
1,544
 1,482
Revenue per order (2)(3)
$2,175
 $1,876
$2,259
 $2,175
Operating ratio (3)(4)
85.7% 93.8%89.9% 85.8%
(1)Based on delivered orders.
(2)Includes company trucks and owner-operator trucks at the end of the period.
(2)(3)Calculated excluding fuel surcharge and revenue in-transit, consistent with how revenue is reported internally for segment purposes.
(3)(4)Calculated as segment operating expenses divided by segment revenues (excluding fuel surcharge). including revenue in-transit and related expenses at the operating segment level.


Intermodal revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) increased $56.1decreased $5.2 million, approximately 29%2%, in the third quarter of 20182019 compared to the same quarter in 2017. The increase was due to a 16% increase in revenue2018. Revenue per order as well as an 11% increaseincreased 4% due in volume, partially duepart to 2018 contract carry-over, 2019 contract renewals and increased length of haul, but was offset by a decrease in orders of 4%. The decrease in orders was largely the conversionresult of over-the-roadlower volumes in the overall domestic intermodal freight driven by the industry-wide shortage of driver capacity. Intermodal added approximately 3,700 containers to its fleet as of third quarter 2018 compared to the same quarter of 2017.market.


Intermodal income from operations increased $23.9decreased $11.0 million, approximately 196%30%, in the third quarter of 20182019 compared to the same quarter in 2017. The main drivers were higher price2018 primarily due to reduced volume and volume, as well as reduced costs related to the 2017 conversion from leased to owned chassis.increases in purchased transportation costs.


Logistics
The following table presents our key performance indicatorindicators for our Logistics segment for the periods indicated.indicated:
 Three Months Ended September 30,
 2018 2017
Operating ratio (1)
95.3% 95.6%
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
 2019 2018
Operating ratio (1)
95.8% 95.2%
Brokerage revenues as a percentage of Logistics revenues (2)
86.9% 79.1%
(1)Calculated as segment operating expenses divided by segment revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) including revenue in-transit and related expenses at the operating segment level.
(2)Revenues (excluding fuel surcharge), consistent with howin millions, including revenue is reported internally for segment purposes.in-transit.


Logistics revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) increased $59.6decreased $35.7 million, approximately 29%13%, in the third quarter of 20182019 compared to the same quarter in 2017,2018. This decrease was primarily due to growththe result of warehouse management functions being insourced by one of the Company's import/export customers in ourApril 2019. In addition, reduced revenue per order was partially offset by brokerage business, which experienced 20% volume growth and increased revenue per order.

Logistics income from operations increased $3.4 million, approximately 37%, in the third quarter of 201811% compared to the same quarter in 2017, primarily due to brokerage volume growth as noted above and effective net revenue management.2018.


Other
Our Other segment posted a loss
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Logistics income from operations of $3.8 million in the third quarter of 2018, compared to income of $1.7 million the same quarter in 2017. The $5.5 million increased net loss was driven primarily by an increase in incentive compensation.

Other Expense (Income)

Other expense decreased $0.8$3.1 million, approximately 24%, in the third quarter of 20182019 compared to the same quarter in 2017,2018, primarily due to increasedcompressed net revenue in brokerage.

Other
Included in Other was income from operations of $6.5 million in the third quarter of 2019, compared to a loss of $5.6 million in the same quarter in 2018. The $12.1 million change was driven by a decrease in performance-based incentive compensation due to a decline in Enterprise results.

Other Income (Expense)
Other expense decreased $0.3 million, approximately 12%, in the third quarter of 2019 compared to the same quarter in 2018 due primarily to a $0.5 million increase in interest income.income and a $0.4 million decrease in interest expense partially offset by a $0.6 million decrease in net foreign currency gains.


Income Tax Expense

Our provision for income taxes increased $0.8decreased $17.6 million, approximately 3%72%, in the third quarter of 20182019 compared to the same quarter in 20172018 due to higherlower taxable income, offset by a lower income tax rate.income. The effective income tax rate was 25.8%26.2% for the three months ended September 30, 20182019 compared to 39.2%25.8% for the same period last year, driven by the reduction in the income tax rate due to the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in December 2017.year.


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Nine Months Ended September 30, 20182019 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 20172018


Net Income
Net income increased $78.1decreased $93.0 million, approximately 74%51%, in the nine months ended September 30, 20182019 compared to the same period in 2017,2018, primarily due to pretax restructuring and goodwill impairment charges associated with the FTFM service offering of $50.4 million and $34.6 million, respectively, and an increase$11.5 million pretax impairment of held for sale assets. In addition, Truckload freight volume declined in revenue as a result of strong pricing and market demand and the impact of the income tax rate reduction2019 due to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted in December 2017.lower demand. Adjusted net income increased $85.4decreased $34.0 million, approximately 83%18%.


Revenues
Enterprise operating revenues increased $463.0decreased $64.7 million, approximately 15%2%, in the nine months ended September 30, 20182019 compared to the same period in 2017. Increased revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) resulted from strong pricing and volume increases across the Logistics and Intermodal segments, which increased $154.5 million and $109.6 million, respectively, driven by growth in our brokerage business and an industry-wide shortage in driver capacity. Other factors2018.
Factors contributing to the increasedecreases in revenues were as follows:
a $109.0$102.7 million increasedecrease in Truckload revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) resulting from reduced Truckload volume due to lower market demand and the shutdown of the FTFM service offering (which was substantially complete as of the end of August 2019), that will continue for the remainder of 2019;
a $35.6 million decrease in fuel surcharge revenues primarily related to decreased Truckload volumes; and
a $68.2$36.7 million decrease in Logistics revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) primarily due to one of the Company's import/export customers insourcing their warehouse management function in April 2019 combined with lower revenue per order within brokerage due to a compression in revenue per order, partially offset by a 15% increase in brokerage volumes.

The above factors were partially offset by:
a $58.6 million increase in our TruckloadIntermodal segment revenues (excluding fuel surcharge), primarily due to price,improved revenue per order and an increase in order volume; and
a $16.0$48.5 million increase in revenues from equipment sales by our leasing business.business under sales-type leases.

Enterprise revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) increased $354.0decreased $29.1 million, approximately 12%1%.


Income from Operations and Operating Ratio
Enterprise income from operations increased $70.6decreased $127.5 million, approximately 38%50%, in the nine months ended September 30, 20182019 compared to the same period in 2017,2018, primarily due to $50.4 million of restructuring charges associated with the shutdown of the FTFM service offering, a $34.6 million FTFM goodwill impairment, and an increase in revenueFTFM operating losses, as operating losses exceeded prior year by $14.5 million. Additionally, an $11.5 million impairment of held for sale assets and improved margins across segments. Margin improvement for the Intermodal segment was due in part to an improved cost position from the conversion from leased to owned chassis. These factorslower demand negatively impacted profitability but were partially offset by FTFM's lossreduced performance-based incentive compensation and Company benefits, driver related costs, and other variable costs.

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Table of $20.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Contents


Adjusted income from operations increased $81.3decreased $48.3 million, approximately 45%18%.


Enterprise operating ratio improvedweakened on both a GAAP basis and an adjusted basis. Our operating ratio can be negatively impacted when our higher operating ratio, less asset-focused Logistics segment grows faster than our lower operating ratio, capital-intensive Truckload segment.


Key operating expense items that impacted our income from operations and operating ratiofluctuations are described below.
Purchased transportation costs increased $273.1 million, or 24%, period over period. The largest driver of the increase was an increase in brokerage volumes in our Logistics segment, which relies heavily on third-party carriers, resulting in $134.9 million higher purchased transportation costs. Intermodal and Truckload segments' purchased transportation costs also increased $79.9 million and $52.7 million, respectively. Increased carrier prices contributed to the rise in purchased transportation costs across all reportable segments year over year. As a percentage of revenues, purchased transportation costs increased 3% period over period.
Salaries, wages, and benefits increased $33.2$57.0 million, or 4%, period over period, driven by increased incentive compensation, higher driver pay, higher commissionsperiod. An increase in various Intermodal third-party costs, including rail, combined with order volume growth in our Logistics segment of 15% resulted in higher purchased transportation. This was partially offset by a decrease in purchased transportation cost per order within our Logistics segment based on additional carrier capacity in 2019 which led to the compression of carrier rates. The shutdown of the FTFM service offering, which was substantially complete as of August 2019, also contributed to the reduction of purchased transportation.
Salaries, wages, and increased non-driver associate wages in our FTFM terminal operations primarilybenefits decreased $86.6 million, or 9%, period over period, largely due to the conversion fromelimination of salaries, wages, and benefits associated with warehouse management operations insourced by an agentimport/export customer in April 2019, the shutdown of the FTFM service offering, and other cost savings initiatives. We expect to companysee continued favorability year over year in salaries, wages, and benefits as a result of these changes. Lower performance-based incentive compensation, Company benefit costs, and driver model. Aspay also contributed to the decrease. Salaries, wages, and benefits decreased 2% period over period on a percentage of revenues salaries, wages, and benefits decreased 3% period over period.basis.
Fuel and fuel taxes for our company trucks increased $39.6decreased $38.7 million, or 18%15%, period over period, driven by an increasea 7% decrease in thecompany driver miles and a decrease in cost of fuel per gallon. A portion of the decline in company driver miles is attributable to the shutdown of the FTFM service offering. Decreased company driver miles were partially offset by increased owner-operator miles, which do not impact company fuel costs. A significant portion of changes in fuel costs isare recovered through our fuel surcharge programs.
Depreciation and amortization increased $9.9$5.5 million, or 5%3%, period over period, primarily driven by increased trailer depreciation, as we replaced trailersdue to maintain an appropriatereplacement tractors to achieve a younger age of fleet and prior year's investment in chassis and containers to reduce unbilled miles; and tractor depreciation, as a result of the change in mix of owned versus leased tractors. The 2017 conversion from leased to owned chassis insupport our Intermodal segment also resultedsegment. Continuing to invest in increased depreciation.replacement tractors is an important part of our strategic plan as it contributes to reduced maintenance and fuel costs and improves the overall driver experience.
Operating supplies and expenses decreased $5.0increased $54.1 million, or 1%15%, period over period. The decreaseincrease was primarilymainly due to $19.4 million lower rent expense, primarily due to our 2017 conversion from leased to owned chassis, and a $2.9 million reduction in temporary worker pay in our FTFM terminal operations due to the conversion from an agent to company driver model. This was offset by an increase in the amount of equipment soldsales under sales-type leases by our leasing business, resulting in higher cost of goods sold which is part of $44.3 million, and an $11.5 million impairment charge recorded on assets held for sale related to an agreement signed in the operating suppliesthird quarter of 2019 to sell tractors in the fourth quarter. Software subscription costs and expense line item, andIntermodal rail yard ramp storage expenses also increased compared to 2018. Increases in the above costs were offset by a $2.2combined $16.2 million decrease in gains on salestemporary worker pay due to insourcing of equipment.

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our import/export customers in April 2019 and reduced maintenance and parts spend attributable to less company driver miles, cost savings initiatives, and younger age of fleet.
Insurance and related expenses increased $5.1$8.6 million, or 8%12%, period over period, primarilyperiod. The increase was predominately due to increasedan increase in the severity of auto losses and increased volume of cargo losses.related insurance premiums.
Other general expenses increased $36.5decreased $22.1 million, or 48%20%, period over period. The primary increase was due to the reductionperiod as a result of the contingent liability related to the WSL acquisition adjustment of $13.2 million during 2017. There was also $8.9 million higherdecreased driver recruiting and training costs associated with cost savings initiatives, a $5.8 million increasedecrease in litigation costs, and an increaselower professional service fees of $5.5 million in professional services fees, including additional costs associated with operating as a public company.$3.1 million.
Restructuring charges increased $50.4 million period over period due to the recording of impairment charges, write-down of receivables, and other costs associated with the shutdown of the FTFM service offering. Refer to Note 13, Restructuring Charges, for additional details.



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Segment Contributions to Results of Operations


The following tables summarize revenue and earningsincome (loss) from operations by segment:
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Revenues by Segment (in millions)
Revenues by Segment (in millions)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
Revenues by Segment (in millions)
 2019 2018
2018 2017
TruckloadTruckload$1,685.0
 $1,616.8
Truckload $1,582.3
 $1,685.0
IntermodalIntermodal681.0
 571.4
Intermodal 746.6
 688.0
LogisticsLogistics739.2
 584.7
Logistics 707.0
 743.7
OtherOther248.5
 214.5
Other 290.0
 237.0
Fuel surchargeFuel surcharge385.8
 276.8
Fuel surcharge 350.2
 385.8
Inter-segment eliminationsInter-segment eliminations(84.1) (71.8)Inter-segment eliminations (85.4) (84.1)
Operating revenuesOperating revenues$3,655.4
 $3,192.4
Operating revenues $3,590.7
 $3,655.4


 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Income (Loss) from Operations by Segment (in millions)
Income (Loss) from Operations by Segment (in millions)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
Income (Loss) from Operations by Segment (in millions)
 2019 2018
 2018 2017
TruckloadTruckload$162.8
 $132.9
Truckload $18.6
 $162.2
IntermodalIntermodal88.7
 30.0
Intermodal 75.5
 90.7
LogisticsLogistics30.4
 20.8
Logistics 29.4
 31.2
OtherOther(24.7) 2.9
Other 6.2
 (26.9)
Income from operationsIncome from operations257.2
 186.6
Income from operations 129.7
 257.2
Adjustments:Adjustments:   Adjustments:    
Duplicate chassis costs
 8.3
WSL contingent consideration adjustment
 (13.2)
LitigationLitigation5.8
 
Litigation 
 5.8
Goodwill impairmentGoodwill impairment 34.6
 
Restructuring chargesRestructuring charges 50.4
 
Adjusted income from operationsAdjusted income from operations$263.0
 $181.7
Adjusted income from operations $214.7
 $263.0




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Truckload
The following table presents our key performance indicators for our truckloadTruckload segment for the periods indicated, consistent with how revenues and expenses are reported internally for segment purposes:purposes. Descriptions of the four quadrants that make up our Truckload segment are as follows:
Dedicated standard - Transportation services with equipment devoted to customers under long-term contracts utilizing standard dry van trailing equipment.
Dedicated specialty - Transportation services with equipment devoted to customers under long-term contracts utilizing bulk, temperature controlled, flatbed, straight truck, and other specialty equipment.
For-hire standard - Transportation services of one-way shipments utilizing standard dry van trailing equipment.
For-hire specialty - Transportation services of one-way shipments utilizing bulk, temperature controlled, flatbed, straight truck, and other specialty equipment.
Nine Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2018 20172019 2018
Dedicated standard      
Revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) (1)
$237.7
 $216.7
$250.8
 $237.7
Average trucks (2) (3)
1,637
 1,641
1,806
 1,637
Revenue per truck per week (4)
$3,780
 $3,436
$3,607
 $3,780
Dedicated specialty      
Revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) (1)
$304.5
 $311.4
$281.9
 $304.5
Average trucks (2) (3)
2,279
 2,231
2,132
 2,279
Revenue per truck per week (4)
$3,478
 $3,631
$3,435
 $3,478
For-hire standard      
Revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) (1)
$901.2
 $853.5
$859.9
 $901.2
Average trucks (2) (3)
6,096
 6,341
6,079
 6,096
Revenue per truck per week (4)
$3,848
 $3,502
$3,674
 $3,848
For-hire specialty      
Revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) (1)
$241.6
 $235.2
$188.4
 $241.6
Average trucks (2) (3)
1,551
 1,602
1,304
 1,551
Revenue per truck per week (4)
$4,052
 $3,817
$3,752
 $4,052
Total Truckload      
Revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) (1)
$1,685.0
 $1,616.8
Revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) (6)
$1,582.3
 $1,685.0
Average trucks (2) (3)
11,563
 11,815
11,321
 11,563
Revenue per truck per week (4)
$3,793
 $3,560
$3,628
 $3,793
Average company trucks (3)
8,833
 9,059
8,433
 8,833
Average owner-operator trucks (3)
2,730
 2,756
2,888
 2,730
Trailers38,026
 38,615
35,612
 38,026
Operating ratio (5)
90.3% 91.8%98.8% 90.4%
(1)Revenues (excluding fuel surcharge), in millions.millions, exclude revenue in-transit.
(2)Includes company trucks and owner-operator trucks.
(3)Calculated based on beginning and end of month counts and represents the average number of trucks available to haul freight over the specified timeframe.
(4)Calculated excluding fuel surcharge and revenue in-transit, consistent with how revenue is reported internally for segment purposes, using weighted workdays.
(5)Calculated as segment operating expenses divided by segment revenues (excluding fuel surcharge). including revenue in-transit and related expenses at the operating segment level.
(6)Revenues (excluding fuel surcharge), in millions, include revenue in-transit at the operating segment level, and therefore does not sum with amounts presented above.


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Truckload revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) increased $68.2decreased $102.7 million, approximately 4%6%, in the nine months ended September 30, 20182019 compared to the same period in 2017, primarily due to strong contract pricing,2018. A decline in volume of 8% was partially offset by reduced volume.a 2% increase in price. Decreased volume was the result of a decrease in demand which drove lower productivity, as well as the shutdown of our FTFM service offering in the third quarter of 2019. Price increased period over period due to contract carry-over and 2019 rate renewals, despite fewer promotional and premium revenue opportunities. Revenue per truck per week increased $233,decreased $165, or 7%4%, yearperiod over year.period as a result of lower productivity driven primarily by lower freight volumes.


Truckload income from operations increased $29.9decreased $143.6 million, approximately 22%89%, in the nine months ended September 30, 20182019 compared to the same period in 2017,2018. This decrease was primarily due to contract price improvement,$50.4 million of restructuring charges related to the shutdown of our FTFM service offering, the $34.6 million FTFM goodwill impairment, an additional $14.5 million in operating losses within FTFM through the third quarter of 2019 compared to the same period in 2018, and the $11.5 million non-cash charge resulting from the impairment of assets held for sale. Lower volumes, as discussed above, also contributed to the decrease but were partially offset by increaseda reduction in driver and maintenance related costs, a loss of approximately $20.3 million from FTFM, and lower gains on equipment sales. FTFM results were impacted by reduced volume, a bankruptcy write-off, and operational inefficiencies.costs.


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Intermodal
The following table presents our key performance indicators for our intermodalIntermodal segment for the periods indicated.indicated:
Nine Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2018 20172019 2018
Orders(1)329,014
 305,074
329,505
 329,014
Containers21,288
 17,557
23,014
 21,288
Trucks (1)(2)
1,482
 1,293
1,544
 1,482
Revenue per order (2)(3)
$2,070
 $1,873
$2,258
 $2,070
Operating ratio (3)(4)
87.0% 94.7%89.9% 86.8%
(1)Based on delivered orders.
(2)Includes company trucks and owner-operator trucks at the end of the period.
(2)(3)Calculated excluding fuel surcharge and revenue in-transit, consistent with how revenue is reported internally for segment purposes.
(3)(4)Calculated as segment operating expenses divided by segment revenues (excluding fuel surcharge). including revenue in-transit and related expenses at the operating segment level.

Intermodal revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) increased $109.6$58.6 million, approximately 19%9%, in the nine months ended September 30, 20182019 compared to the same period in 2017.2018. The increase was driven by an 11%a 9% increase in revenue per order primarily resulting from 2018 contract carry-over, 2019 contract renewals and 8% higher volume. Intermodal added approximately 3,700 containers to its fleet asincreased length of third quarter 2018 compared to the same quarter of 2017.haul, while orders remained flat period over period.


Intermodal income from operations increased $58.7decreased $15.2 million, approximately 196%17%, in the nine months ended September 30, 20182019 compared to the same period in 2017,2018. Revenue growth, due to increased volume andthe increase in revenue per order noted above, as well as reduced costs duewas more than offset by higher purchased transportation, equipment depreciation, and rail ramp storage costs. Asset utilization was also unfavorable compared to the 2017 conversion from leased to owned chassis.same period of 2018.


Logistics
The following table presents our key performance indicatorindicators for our logisticsLogistics segment for the periods indicated.indicated:
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2018 2017
Operating ratio (1)
95.9% 96.4%
 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2019 2018
Operating ratio (1)
95.8% 95.8%
Brokerage revenues as a percentage of Logistics revenues (2)
83.6% 78.3%
(1)Calculated as segment operating expenses divided by segment revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) including revenue in-transit and related expenses at the operating segment level.
(2)Revenues (excluding fuel surcharge), consistent with howin millions, including revenue is reported internally for segment purposes.in-transit.


Logistics revenues (excluding fuel surcharge) increased $154.5decreased $36.7 million, approximately 26%5%, in the nine months ended September 30, 20182019 compared to the same period in 2017,2018, primarily due to growthone of the Company's import/export customers

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insourcing their warehouse management function in our brokerage business. Brokerage volumes increased 17% in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 over the same period in 2017 combined with increasedApril 2019. In addition, reduced revenue per order.order was partially offset by brokerage volume growth of 15%.


Logistics income from operations increased $9.6decreased $1.8 million, approximately 46%6%, in the nine months ended September 30, 20182019 compared to the same period in 2017,2018, primarily due to the brokerage volume growth as noted above and effectivecompressed net revenue management.in brokerage and reduced volumes within our import/export business.


Other
Our Other segment posted a lossrecorded income from operations of $24.7$6.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018,2019, compared to incomea loss of $2.9$26.9 million in the same period in 2017. The $27.6 million decrease was driven by the period-over-period impact of the $13.2 million adjustment of2018. Factors contributing to increased income include a contingent liability from the WSL acquisitionreduction in 2017. Other factors included an increase inperformance-based incentive compensation, the $5.8 million settlement of a lawsuit that challenged Washington State labor law compliance in 2018, and professional services fees, including incremental costs associated with operating as a public company.$4.6 million increase in income from operations from our leasing business driven by increased lease activity.


Other Expense (Income)


Other expense decreased $4.3$1.4 million, approximately 32%15%, in the nine months ended September 30, 20182019 compared to the same period in 2017,2018, primarily from a $3.6$3.7 million increase in interest income and a $0.3 million decrease in net interest expense due to lower debt levels and increased interest income andforeign currency losses, partially offset by the 2018 recognition of a $2.5 million pre-tax gain related to our ownership interest in Platform Science, Inc.PSI and a $0.1 million increase in interest expense. See Note 4, 5, Investments,, for more information on Platform Science. These items were partially offset by a $1.8 million increase in net foreign currency losses.PSI.


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Income Tax Expense


Our provision for income taxes decreased $3.2$33.1 million, approximately 5%52%, in the nine months ended September 30, 20182019 compared to the same period in 20172018 due to higherlower taxable income, offset by a lower tax rate.income. The effective income tax rate was 25.8%25.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 20182019 compared to 38.8%25.8% for the same period last year, due to the reduction in the income tax rate due to the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in December 2017.year.



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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES


Our primary uses of cash are working capital requirements, capital expenditures, dividend payments, and debt service requirements. Additionally, from time to time, we may use cash for acquisitions and other investing and financing activities. Working capital is required principally to ensure we are able to run the business and have sufficient funds to satisfy maturing short-term debt and upcoming operational expenses. Our capital expenditures consist primarily of transportation equipment and information technology assets.technology.


Historically, our primary source of liquidity has been cash flow from operations. In addition, we have a $250$250.0 million revolving credit facility and a $200$200.0 million accounts receivable facility. We anticipate that cash generated from operations, together with amounts available under our credit facilities, will be sufficient to meet our requirements for the foreseeable future. To the extent additional funds are necessary to meet our long-term liquidity needs as we continue to execute our business strategy, we anticipate that these funds will be obtained through the incurrence of additional indebtedness, additional equity offerings, or a combination of these potential sources of funds. We intend to issue additional common shares under our shareholder-approved equity compensation plans to satisfy awards granted under those plans. Our ability to fund future operating expenses and capital expenditures, andas well as our ability to meet future debt service obligations or refinance our indebtedness will depend on our future operating performance, which will be affected by general economic, financial, and other factors beyond our control.


The following table presents our cash and debt outstanding as of the dates shown.shown:
(in millions) September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Cash and cash equivalents $359.8
 $238.5
 $437.1
 $378.7
Marketable securities 45.0
 41.6
 47.4
 51.3
Total cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities $404.8
 $280.1
 $484.5
 $430.0
        
Debt:        
Senior notes 400.0
 400.0
 $400.0
 $400.0
Equipment financing 15.4
 29.8
 1.3
 5.0
Capital leases 7.9
 10.8
Finance leases 5.3
 6.9
Total debt (1)
 $423.3
 $440.6
 $406.6
 $411.9
(1)Debt on our consolidated balance sheets is presented net of deferred financing costs.


Debt


At September 30, 2018,2019, we were in compliance with all financial covenants and financial ratios under our credit agreements and the indentures governing our senior notes. See Note 6, 7, Debt and Credit Facilities, for information about our short-term and long-term financing arrangements.


Cash Flows


The following table summarizes, for the periods indicated, the changes to our cash flows provided by (used in) operating, investing, and financing activities.
  Nine Months Ended September 30,  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(in millions)(in millions) 2018 2017(in millions) 2019 2018
Net cash provided by operating activitiesNet cash provided by operating activities $410.1
 $315.7
Net cash provided by operating activities $470.3
 $410.1
Net cash used in investing activitiesNet cash used in investing activities $(222.1) $(295.3)Net cash used in investing activities (355.6) (222.1)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities $(66.7) $51.0
Net cash used in financing activitiesNet cash used in financing activities (56.3) (66.7)



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Nine Months Ended September 30, 20182019 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 20172018


Operating Activities


Cash provided by operating activities increased $94.4$60.2 million, approximately 30%15%, in the first nine months of 20182019 compared to the same period in 2017,2018, driven primarily by the increasereclassification of proceeds from lease receipts from investing activities with the adoption of ASC 842 and the net change in working capital balances, partially offset by the decrease in net income as

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adjusted for noncash itemsnon-cash items. Non-cash restructuring charges related to the shutdown of the FTFM service offering were $43.3 million in the first nine months of 2019 and a net increase in working capital balances.primarily included charges for the impairment of tangible and intangible assets including equipment, customer lists and other customer related assets, and software.


Investing Activities


Cash used in investing activities decreased $73.2increased $133.5 million, approximately 25%60%, in the first nine months of 20182019 compared to the same period in 2017.2018. The decreaseincrease in cash used was driven by lowerthe increase in net capital expenditures as well as increasedand the reclassification of proceeds from lease receipts to operating activities with the adoption of ASC 842, partially offset by increased sales of equipment and off-lease inventory.marketable securities.


Capital Expenditures
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, our net capital expenditures.
 Nine Months Ended September 30,  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(in millions)(in millions) 2018 2017(in millions) 2019 2018
Transportation equipmentTransportation equipment $268.1
 $274.1
Transportation equipment $308.6
 $268.1
Other property and equipmentOther property and equipment 22.3
 27.3
Other property and equipment 42.8
 22.3
Proceeds from sale of property and equipmentProceeds from sale of property and equipment (74.6) (51.8)Proceeds from sale of property and equipment (38.8) (74.6)
Net capital expendituresNet capital expenditures $215.8
 $249.6
Net capital expenditures $312.6
 $215.8

Expenditures for transportation equipment and other property and equipment decreased $6.0increased $40.5 million and $5.0$20.5 million, respectively, in the first nine months of 20182019 compared to the same period in 2017.2018 driven by increased tractor purchases, land, buildings, and improvements spend, and capitalized IT costs. Proceeds from sale of property and equipment decreased $35.8 million primarily as a result of reduced tractor sales. See Note 11, Commitments and Contingencies, for information on our firm commitments to purchase transportation equipment.


Financing Activities


Cash used in financing activities increased $117.7decreased $10.4 million, approximately 231%16%, in the first nine months of 20182019 compared to the same period in 2017.2018. The main driver of the increasedecrease in cash used was the period-over-period impact of the $340.6$11.6 million of net proceeds from our 2017 IPOdecrease in payments on debt and the $13.4finance lease obligations, partially offset by a $1.8 million increase in dividends paid in 2018, partially offset by the impact of repayments of debt in 2017 totaling $236.2 million.2019 compared to 2018.


Other Considerations that Could Affect Our Results, Liquidity, andor Capital Resources


Driver Capacity and Wage Cost
Our professional driver workforce is one of our most valuable assets. Recruiting and retaining sufficient numbers of qualified drivers is challenging in an increasingly competitive driver market and has a significant impact on our operating costs and ability to serve our customers. Changes in the demographic composition of the workforce, alternative employment opportunities that become available in the economy, and individual drivers’ desire to be home more frequently can affect availability of drivers and increase the wages our drivers require.

Factors that Could Result in a Goodwill Impairment
Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually using both the discounted cash flow method and the guideline public company method in calculating the fair values of our reporting units. Key inputs used in the discounted cash flow approach include growth rates for sales and operating profit, perpetuity growth assumptions, and discount rates. As interest rates rise, the calculated fair values of our reporting units will decrease, which could impact the results of our goodwill impairment tests.


We will perform our annual evaluation of goodwill for impairment as of October 31, 2018,2019, with such analysis expected to be finalized during the fourth quarter. As part of our annual process of updating our goodwill impairment evaluation, we will assess the impact of current operating results and our resulting management actions to determine whether they have an impact on the long-term valuation of reporting units and the related recoverability of our goodwill. A triggering event occurred during the second quarter of 2019 that resulted in impairment of all goodwill related to our FTFM reporting unit. See further discussion in Note 6, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.






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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements


We have no arrangements that meet the definition of off-balance sheet arrangements.


Contractual Obligations


See the disclosure under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Contractual Obligations” in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20172018 for our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2017.2018. There were no material changes to our contractual obligations during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.2019.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

We have reviewed our critical accounting policies and considered whether any new critical accounting estimates or other significant changes to our accounting policies require any additional disclosures. Other than the changes discussed below,We have found the disclosures made in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20172018 are still current.

Goodwill
As of December 31, 2017,current other than goodwill related to our reporting units with goodwill were Dedicated, Import/Export, and Asia. During the quarter ended June 30, 2018, we reorganized the structure of the operating segments within our Truckload reportable segment, separating FTFM into its own operating segment and integrating the remaining Dedicated business into the VTL operating segment. Each Truckload operating segment was determined to be its own reporting unit due to the level at which financial information is availablehas now been fully impaired. See Note 6, Goodwill and management's review of that information. As a result of the reorganization, goodwill previously attributed to the Dedicated reporting unit was reallocated to the VTL and FTFM reporting units on a relative fair value basis. Of the $138.2 million of Dedicated reporting unit goodwill, the VTL and FTFM reporting units were allocated $103.6 million and $34.6 million, respectively.

After the reallocation of goodwill, an impairment test was performed Other Intangible Assets for these reporting units, and it was determined that goodwill was not impaired as each reporting unit had an estimated fair value in excess of its respective carrying amount. The fair values of these reporting units exceeded their carrying values by over 25%. In the event that future operating performance of any of our reporting units is below our expectations, or there are changes to forecasted growth rates or our cost of capital, a decline in the fair value of the reporting units could result, and we may be required to record a goodwill impairment charge.additional discussion.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Our market risks have not changed significantly from the market risks reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.2018.


Item 4. Controls and Procedures


Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures


Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.


Changes in Internal Control


There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) during the fiscal quarter covered by this report, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings


As previously disclosed, in November 2016, we received a Finding and Notice of Violation from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) alleging that, among other matters, certain vehicles we own, hire, or lease failed to comply with certain provisions of the California Air Resources Board Truck and Bus Regulation, in violation of the Clean Air Act. After entering discussions with the EPA, we resolved the allegations during the second quarter of 2018 for an amount of $475,000.

For other information relating to legal proceedings, see Note 11, Commitments and Contingencies, which is incorporated herein by reference.


Item 1A. Risk Factors


There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.2018.


Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds


The following table sets forth information regarding the purchases of our equity securities made by or on behalf of us or any affiliated purchaser (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 10b-18) during the three months ended September 30, 2018:2019:


Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
2018 Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Maximum Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
July 1 – July 31 13,391
 $28.13
 
 $
August 1 – August 31 
 
 
 
September 1 – September 30 
 
 
 
Total * 13,391
 28.13
 
 $

*All shares were surrendered by employees to satisfy tax withholding obligations upon vesting of restricted stock.
2019Total Number of Shares PurchasedAverage Price Paid per ShareTotal Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or ProgramsMaximum Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
July 1 - July 31
$

$
August 1 - August 31



September 1 - September 30



Total
$

$
 
Limitation Upon Payment of Dividends


The 2018 Credit Facility includes covenants limiting our ability to pay dividends or make distributions on our capital stock if a default exists under the 2018 Credit Facility or would be caused by giving effect to such dividend.


Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities


Not applicable.


Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures


Not applicable.


Item 5. Other Information


None.




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Item 6. Exhibits


Exhibit
Number
  Exhibit Description
  
10.1
10.2
31.1*  
  
31.2*  
  
32.1**  
  
32.2**  
  
   101*101.INS*  Interactive Data FileXBRL Instance Document - The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104*The cover page from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019, formatted in Inline XBRL
*    Filed herewith.
** Furnished herewith.
+ Constitutes a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.




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SIGNATURE


Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant, Schneider National, Inc., has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
   
  SCHNEIDER NATIONAL, INC.
   
Date:November 2, 2018October 31, 2019/s/ Stephen L. Bruffett
  Stephen L. Bruffett
  Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
  (Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer)




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