UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, ~~2020~~2021


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File No. 001-38202


Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware						85-3608069
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)


166 North Roadrunner Parkway, Suite 1C Las Cruces, New Mexico						88011
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)						(Zip Code)


((575)~~575~~) 424-2100
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)


N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which

registered

Common stock, $0.0001 par value per share

SPCE

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐

Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐

		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November ~~5, 2020,~~1, 2021, there were ~~234,342,464~~258,011,211 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001, issued and outstanding.

Table of Contents

VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page
	Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements	2
	PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	8
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	2728
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	3839
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	39

	PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	41
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	4241
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	4241
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	4241
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	4241
Item 5.	Other Information	4241
Item 6.	Exhibits	4241
Signatures		4443

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~~PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION~~

Each of the terms the “Company,” “Virgin Galactic,” “we,” “our,” “us” and similar terms used herein refer collectively to Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless otherwise stated.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements (including within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995) concerning us and other matters. These statements may discuss goals, intentions and expectations as to future plans, trends, events, results of operations or financial condition, or otherwise, based on current beliefs of management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to management. Forward-looking statements may be accompanied by words such as "achieve," “aim,” “anticipate,” “believe,” "can," “continue,” “could,” "drive," “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “future,” "grow," "improve," "increase," “intend,” “may,” “outlook,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would” or similar words, phrases or expressions. These forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside our control. Therefore, you should not place undue reliance on such statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the following:

•any delay in completing the flight test program and final development of our spaceflight system, which is comprised of our SpaceShipTwo Spaceship, VSS Unity, and our mothership carrier aircraft, VMS Eve;

•our ability to achieve or maintain profitability;

•our ability to effectively market and sell human spaceflights;

•the development of the markets for commercial human spaceflight and commercial research and development payloads;

•any delay in completing the flight test program and final development of our spaceflight system, which is comprised of our SpaceShipTwo spaceship, VSS Unity, and our WhiteKnightTwo carrier aircraft, VMS Eve;

•our ability to operate our spaceflight system after commercial launch;

•the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on us, our operations, our future financial or operational results, and our access to additional financing;

•the safety of our spaceflight systems;

•our ability to convert our backlog or inbound inquiries into revenue;

•our ability to conduct test flights;

•our anticipated full passenger capacity;

•delay in development or the manufacture of spaceflight systems;

•our ability to supply our technology to additional market opportunities;

•our expected capital requirements and the availability of additional financing;

•our ability to attract or retain highly qualified personnel, including in accounting and finance roles;

•extensive and evolving government regulation that impact the way we operate;

•risks associated with international expansion;

•our ability to timely and effectively remediate material weaknesses and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure and procedures; and

•our ability to continue to use, maintain, enforce, protect and defend our owned and licensed intellectual property, including the Virgin brand.

~~Table of Contents~~

Additional factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those set forth in Part I, Item 1. “Business,” Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors,” and Part I, Item 2. “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of Amendment No. 2 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 (the “Amendment No. 2 to Form 10-K"), in Part II, Item ~~1A.~~IA. “Risk Factors” in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly report ended June 30, 2021, and in Part I, Item 2. “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" ~~below and for the reasons described elsewhere~~ in this Quarterly Report on Form

Table of Contents

10-Q. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, our information may be incomplete or limited, and we cannot guarantee future results. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available in the future.

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share data)



	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(Unaudited)		(As Restated)
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	702,565	$	665,924
Restricted cash	18,078		13,031
Marketable securities, short-term	29,441		—
Inventories	29,306		30,483
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	8,963		18,489
Total current assets	788,353		727,927
Marketable securities, long-term	256,691		—
Property, plant, and equipment, net	48,130		53,148
Other non-current assets	24,449		22,915
Total assets	$	1,117,623	$	803,990
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	7,997	$	5,998
Accrued liabilities	23,298		22,982
Customer deposits	84,769		83,211
Other current liabilities	2,416		2,830
Total current liabilities	118,480		115,021
Non-current liabilities:
Warrant liability	—		135,440
Other long-term liabilities	29,214		26,451
Total liabilities	$	147,694	$	276,912
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)	0		0
Stockholders' Equity
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 authorized; NaN issued and outstanding	$	—	—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 700,000,000 shares authorized; 257,397,850 and 236,123,659 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively	25		23
Additional paid-in capital	2,013,171		1,297,794
Accumulated deficit	(1,042,846)		(770,744)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	(421)		5
Total stockholders' equity	969,929		527,078
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	1,117,623	$	803,990

September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
(Unaudited)
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents $ 741,575 $ 480,443
Restricted cash 13,268 12,278
Inventories 25,147 26,817
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 9,871 17,133
Total current assets 789,861 536,671
Property, plant, and equipment, net 57,255 49,333
Other non-current assets 18,930 19,542
Total assets $ 866,046 $ 605,546
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable $ 8,490 $ 7,038
Accrued expenses 22,056 22,277
Customer deposits 83,190 83,362
Other current liabilities 2,300 3,168
Total current liabilities 116,036 115,845
Other long-term liabilities 23,763 22,141
Total liabilities $ 139,799 $ 137,986
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)
Stockholders' Equity
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 authorized; 0ne issued and outstanding $ 0 0
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 700,000,000 shares authorized; 234,021,503 and 196,001,038 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively 23 20
Additional paid-in capital 1,047,246 589,158
Accumulated deficit (321,075) (121,677)
Accumulated other comprehensive income 53 59
Total stockholders' equity 726,247 467,560
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 866,046 $ 605,546

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(In thousands except for per share data)

(Unaudited)

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020 2019 2020 2019
Revenue $ 0 $ 832 $ 238 $ 3,252
Cost of revenue 0 406 173 1,690
Gross profit 0 426 65 1,562
Selling, general, and administrative expenses 30,936 17,814 83,738 44,719
Research and development expenses 46,243 34,528 117,675 96,119
Operating loss (77,179) (51,916) (201,348) (139,276)
Interest income 322 387 2,005 1,137
Interest expense (9) 0 (26) (2)
Other income, net (44) 91 5 128
Loss before income taxes (76,910) (51,438) (199,364) (138,013)
Income tax (benefit) expense 40 37 34 123
Net loss (76,950) (51,475) (199,398) (138,136)
Other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustment 48 (58) (6) (79)
Total comprehensive loss $ (76,902) $ (51,533) $ (199,404) $ (138,215)
Net loss per share:
Basic and diluted $ (0.34) $ (0.27) $ (0.94) $ (0.71)
Weighted-average shares outstanding:
Basic and diluted 225,253,536 193,663,150 213,193,386 193,663,150


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
			(As restated)				(As restated)
Revenue	$	2,580	$	—	$	3,151	$	238
Cost of revenue	207		—		270		173
Gross profit	2,373		—		2,881		65
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	49,859		30,936		133,276		83,738
Research and development expenses	35,593		46,075		107,859		117,276
Operating loss	(83,079)		(77,011)		(238,254)		(200,949)
Change in fair value of warrants	34,432		(15,280)		(34,650)		(341,772)
Interest income, net	234		313		766		1,979
Other income (loss), net	70		(44)		110		5
Loss before income taxes	(48,343)		(92,022)		(272,028)		(540,737)
Income tax expense	(25)		(40)		(74)		(34)
Net loss	(48,368)		(92,062)		(272,102)		(540,771)
Other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustment	3		48		11		(6)
Unrealized loss on marketable securities	(437)		—		(437)		—
Total comprehensive loss	$	(48,802)	$	(92,014)	$	(272,528)	$	(540,777)

Net loss per share:
Basic	$	(0.19)	$	(0.41)	$	(1.11)	$	(2.54)
Diluted	(0.32)		(0.41)		(1.11)		(2.54)

Weighted-average shares outstanding:
Basic	254,749,195		225,253,536		244,157,923		213,193,386
Diluted	255,147,228		225,253,536		244,157,923		213,193,386

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity

(In thousands except for per unit and share data)

(Unaudited)

Member's Equity Preferred Stock Common Stock
Net Parent
Investment Units Member's Capital # of Shares Par Value # of Shares Par Value Additional paid-in capital Accumulated Deficit Accumulated
Other Comprehensive
Income (Loss) Total
Balance as of December 31, 2018 $ 41,477 0 $ 0 0 $ 0 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 82 $ 41,559
Net loss (42,593) — — — — — — — — — (42,593)
Other comprehensive loss — — — — — — — — — 10 10
Net transfer from Parent Company 47,445 — — — — — — — — — 47,445
Balance as of March 31, 2019 46,329 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 92 46,421
Net loss (44,068) — — — — — — — — — (44,068)
Other comprehensive loss — — — — — — — — — (31) (31)
Net transfer from Parent Company 53,730 — — — — — — — — — 53,730
Balance as of June 30, 2019 55,991 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 61 56,052
Net loss (2,597) — — — — — — — (48,878) — (51,475)
Other comprehensive loss — — — — — — — — — (58) (58)
Net transfer from Parent Company 4,944 — — — — — — — — — 4,944
Conversion from net parent investment to membership equity (58,338) 100 58,338 — — — — — — — 0
Contribution from Parent Company — — 40,000 — — — — — — — 40,000
Balance as of September 30, 2019 $ 0 100 $ 98,338 0 $ 0 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ (48,878) $ 3 $ 49,463
(As restated for the nine months ended September 30, 2020)


	Preferred Stock			Common Stock
	# of Shares	Par Value		# of Shares	Par Value		Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2019	—	$	—	196,001,038	$	20	$	469,008	$	(125,857)	$	59	$	343,230
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(376,736)		—		(376,736)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—		—	—		—		—		(54)		(54)
Common stock issued related to warrants exercised	—	—		13,239,934	1		341,000		—		—		341,001
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		4,425		—		—		4,425
Balance as of March 31, 2020	—	—		209,240,972	21		814,433		(502,593)		5		311,866
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(71,973)		—		(71,973)
Common stock issued related to warrants exercised	—	—		1,162,884	—		19,741		—		—		19,741
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		5,525		—		—		5,525
Transaction costs	—	—		—	—		(770)		—		—		(770)
Balance as of June 30, 2020	—	—		210,403,856	21		838,929		(574,566)		5		264,389
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(92,062)		—		(92,062)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—		—	—		—		—		48		48
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		8,625		—		—		8,625
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes	—	—		17,647	—		(399)		—		—		(399)
Issuance of common stock	—	—		23,600,000	2		460,198		—		—		460,200
Transaction costs	—	—		—	—		(19,515)		—		—		(19,515)
Balance as of September 30, 2020	—	—		234,021,503	23		1,287,838		$	(666,628)	$	53	$	621,286

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Member's Equity Preferred Stock Common Stock
Net Parent
Investment Units Member's Capital # of Shares Par Value # of Shares Par Value Additional paid-in capital Accumulated Deficit Accumulated
Other Comprehensive
Income (Loss) Total
Balance as of December 31, 2019 $ 0 0 $ 0 0 $ 0 196,001,038 $ 20 $ 589,158 $ (121,677) $ 59 $ 467,560
Net loss — — — — — — — — (59,930) — (59,930)
Other comprehensive income (loss) — — — — — — — — — (54) (54)
Common stock issued related to warrants exercised — — — — — 13,239,934 1 (1) — — 0
Stock-based compensation — — — — — — — 4,425 — — 4,425
Balance as of March 31, 2020 0 0 0 0 0 209,240,972 21 593,582 (181,607) 5 412,001
Net loss — — — — — — — — (62,518) — (62,518)
Other comprehensive loss — — — — — — — — — — 0
Common stock issued related to warrants exercised — — — — — 1,162,884 — — — — 0
Stock-based compensation — — — — — — — 5,525 — — 5,525
Transaction costs — — — — — — — (770) — — (770)
Balance as of June 30, 2020 0 0 0 0 0 210,403,856 21 598,337 (244,125) 5 354,238
Net loss — — — — — — — — (76,950) — (76,950)
Other comprehensive income (loss) — — — — — — — — — 48 48
Common stock issued related to stock-based awards, net of taxes — — — — — 17,647 — (399) — — (399)
Stock-based compensation — — — — — — — 8,625 — — 8,625
Issuance of common stock — — — — — 23,600,000 2 460,198 — — 460,200
Transaction costs — — — — — — — (19,515) — — (19,515)
Balance as of September 30, 2020 $ 0 0 $ 0 0 $ 0 234,021,503 $ 23 $ 1,047,246 $ (321,075) $ 53 $ 726,247
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity

(In thousands except for per unit and share data)

(Unaudited)


	Preferred Stock			Common Stock
	# of Shares	Par Value		# of Shares		Par Value		Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2020	—	$	—	236,123,659		$	23	$	1,297,794	$	(770,744)	$	5	$	527,078
Net loss	—	—		—		—		—		(129,694)		—		(129,694)
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		—		—		26		26
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—		—		22,111		—		—		22,111
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes	—	—		1,150,771		—		323		—		—		323
Balance as of March 31, 2021	—	—		237,274,430		23		1,320,228		(900,438)		31		419,844
Net loss	—	—		—		—		—		(94,040)		—		(94,040)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—		—		—		—		—		(20)		(20)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—		—		14,423		—		—		14,423
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes	—	—		275,283		—		840		—		—		840
Common stock issued related to warrants exercised	—	—		3,387,827		—		104,176		—		—		104,176
Balance as of June 30, 2021	—	—		240,937,540		23		1,439,667		(994,478)		11		445,223
Net loss	—	—		—		—		—		(48,368)		—		(48,368)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—		—		—		—		—		(432)		(432)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—		—		12,170		—		—		12,170
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes	—	—		685,487		—		1,916		—		—		1,916
Common stock issued related to warrants exercised	—	—		2,034,390	—	—		65,914		—		—		65,914
Issuance of common stock	—	—		13,740,433		2		499,998		—		—		500,000
Transaction costs	—	—		—		—		(6,494)		—		—		(6,494)
Balance as of September 30, 2021	—	—		257,397,850		25		2,013,171		$	(1,042,846)	$	(421)	$	969,929

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020 2019
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss $ (199,398) $ (138,136)
Stock-based compensation 18,575 0
Depreciation and amortization 7,397 4,920
Other operating activities, net 75 (375)
Change in assets and liabilities
Inventories 1,669 (2,310)
Other current and non-current assets 6,152 (5,928)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses 719 2,560
Customer deposits (172) 1,319
Other current and non-current liabilities 2,394 9,664
Net cash used in operating activities (162,589) (128,286)
Cash flows from investing activity
Capital expenditures (14,135) (13,680)
Cash used in investing activity (14,135) (13,680)
Cash flows from financing activities
Payments of finance lease obligations (89) (55)
Net transfer from Parent Company 0 106,119
Proceeds from Parent Company 0 40,000
Issuance of common stock 460,200 0
Transaction costs (20,866) 0
Withheld taxes paid on behalf of employees on net settled stock-based awards (399) 0
Net cash provided by financing activities 438,846 146,064
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 262,122 4,098
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period 492,721 81,368
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period $ 754,843 $ 85,466
Cash and cash equivalents $ 741,575 $ 74,438
Restricted cash 13,268 11,028
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 754,843 $ 85,466


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2021		2020
		(As restated)
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss		$	(272,102)	$	(540,771)
Stock-based compensation		48,704		18,575
Depreciation and amortization		8,635		6,998
Change in fair value of warrant liability		34,650		341,772
Other operating activities, net		(42)		75
Change in assets and liabilities
Inventories		1,178		1,195
Other current and non-current assets		6,342		6,152
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		1,824		719
Customer deposits		2,148		(172)
Other current and non-current liabilities		3,026		2,394
Net cash used in operating activities		(165,637)		(163,063)
Cash flows from investing activity
Capital expenditures		(2,452)		(13,661)
Purchases of marketable securities		(286,132)		—
Cash used in investing activity		(288,584)		(13,661)
Cash flows from financing activities
Payments of finance lease obligations		(105)		(89)


Proceeds from issuance of common stock pursuant to stock options exercised		18,856		—
Repayment of notes payable		(310)		—
Proceeds from issuance of common stock		500,000		$	460,200
Transaction costs		(6,753)		(20,866)
Withholding taxes paid on behalf of employees on net settled stock-based awards		(15,779)		(399)
Net cash provided by financing activities		495,909		438,846
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		41,688		262,122
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period		678,955		492,721
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period		$	720,643	$	754,843

Cash and cash equivalents		$	702,565	$	741,575
Restricted cash		18,078		13,268
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		$	720,643	$	754,843

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

(1) Organization and its wholly owned subsidiaries ("VGH, Inc.")

Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries ("VGH, Inc."), in this report as "we," "us," "our," the "Company" and similar terms, are focused on the development, manufacture and operations of spaceships and related technologies for the purpose of conducting commercial human spaceflight and flying commercial research and development payloads into space. The development and manufacturing activities are located in Mojave, California with plans to operate the commercial spaceflights out of Spaceport America located in New Mexico.

VGH, Inc. was originally formed as a Cayman Islands exempted company on May 5, 2017 under the name Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. (“SCH”). SCH was a public investment vehicle incorporated as a blank check company for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses. On October 25, 2019, VGH, Inc. domesticated as a Delaware corporation and consummated the merger transactions contemplated by the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of July 29, 2019, as amended on October 2, 2019, by and among VGH, Inc., Vieco USA, Inc. (“Vieco US”), Vieco 10 Limited (“Vieco 10”), TSC Vehicle Holdings, Inc., (“TSCV”), Virgin Galactic Vehicle Holdings, Inc., (“VGVH”), Virgin Galactic Holdings, LLC (“VGH LLC” and, collectively with TSCV and VGVH, the “VG Companies”), and the other parties thereto (the “Virgin Galactic Business Combination”). The closing of the Virgin Galactic Business Combination occurred on October 25, 2019 and, in connection with the closing, SCH re-domiciled as a Delaware corporation under the name Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc. Upon closing, the entities comprising the VG Companies became wholly owned subsidiaries of VGH, Inc. and in exchange the VGH, Inc. common stock due to Vieco 10 as consideration was received and directly held by Vieco US. On March 16, 2020, Vieco US distributed its shares of VGH, Inc. to Vieco 10 and, in connection with such distribution, Vieco 10 executed a joinder to the Stockholders' Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement entered into in connection with the consummation of the Virgin Galactic Business Combination. On July 30, 2020, Vieco 10 subsequently distributed its shares of our common stock to Virgin Investments Limited (“VIL”) and Aabar Space, Inc. (“Aabar”) and, in connection with such distribution, VIL and Aabar executed a joinder to the Stockholders’ Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement.

Throughout the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements, unless otherwise noted, “we,” “us,” “our,” the "Company" and similar terms refer to the VG Companies prior to the consummation of the Virgin Galactic Business Combination, and VGH, Inc. and its subsidiaries after the Virgin Galactic Business Combination. Prior to the Virgin Galactic Business Combination and prior to the series of Vieco 10 reorganizational steps, Galactic Ventures, LLC ("GV"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Vieco 10, was the direct parent of VG Companies.

Global Pandemic

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization characterized the outbreak of COVID-19 as a global pandemic and recommended containment and mitigation measures. Since then, extraordinary actions have been taken by international, federal, state, and local public health and governmental authorities to contain and combat the outbreak and spread of COVID-19 in regions throughout the world. These actions ~~include~~have included travel bans, quarantines, ~~“stay-at-home”~~"stay-at-home" orders, and similar mandates for many individuals to substantially restrict daily activities and for many businesses to curtail or cease normal operations.

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operational and manufacturing plans that ~~conform~~conformed to the ~~latest~~ COVID-19 health ~~precautions.~~precautions at that time. This ~~includes~~included universal facial covering requirements, rearranging facilities to follow social distancing protocols, conducting active daily temperature checks and undertaking regular, ~~and~~ thorough disinfecting of surfaces and tools. We ~~are~~ also ~~testing~~tested employees and contractors for COVID-19 on a regular basis. Following OSHA guidance, we have since allowed fully vaccinated employees and contractors to be mask free in our facilities while continuing to require the wearing of masks for our unvaccinated population. Our unvaccinated population is also required to test weekly for COVID-19. In September 2021, the U.S. government issued Executive Order 14042, mandating that all employees of federal contractors and subcontractors be fully vaccinated against COVID-19 by December 8, 2021, unless such employees are legally entitled to an accommodation. As a federal contractor, we intend to fully comply with Executive Order 14042. As the COVID-19 pandemic has evolved, we have continued to follow U.S. Federal, State and UK guidance, as applicable to our sites. However, the COVID-19 pandemic and the continued precautionary actions taken related to COVID-19 have adversely impacted, and are expected to continue to adversely impact, our operations, including the completion of the development of our spaceflight systems and our scheduled spaceflight test programs.

AsBeginning in the summer of ~~the date~~2020, all of ~~this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, all~~ our employees whose work requires them to be in our facilities ~~are now~~returned back on-site, ~~but~~and we continue to follow Federal, State and international guidance as applicable, to ensure employee safety. We have, however, experienced, and expect to continue to experience, reductions in operational efficiency due to illness from COVID-19 and precautionary actions taken ~~related~~in response to COVID-19. For the time being, we are encouraging those employees who are not required onsite and are able to work from home to continue doing so.

The COVID-19 pandemic and the protocols and procedures we ~~have~~ implemented in response to the pandemic have caused some delays in operational and maintenance activities, including delays in our test flight program.The full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and results of operations subsequent to September 30, ~~2020~~2021 will depend on future developments, such as the ultimate duration and scope of the ~~outbreak~~pandemic and its impact on our operations necessary to complete the development of our spaceflight systems, our scheduled spaceflight test programs and commencement of our commercial flights. In addition to existing travel restrictions, countries may continue to maintain or reimpose closed borders, impose prolonged quarantines or further restrict travel. We believe our cash and

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cash equivalents on hand at September 30, ~~2020~~2021, and management's operating plan, will provide sufficient liquidity to fund our operations for at least the next twelve months from the issuance of these financial statements. ~~If we experience a significant delay due~~

Restatement of Previously Issued Financial Statements

Warrant liability

As previously disclosed in Amendment No. 2 to our ~~workforce getting ill or if~~Annual Report on Form 10-K for the ~~pandemic worsens, we may take~~fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 (the "Amendment No. 2 to Form 10-K"), the Company has restated its financial statements as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, as well as the summarized unaudited quarterly financial data for each of the quarterly periods from March 31, 2019 through December 31, 2020, to correct misstatements in those prior periods related to the accounting for warrants, under the guidance of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 815-40, Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity. The following tables represent the estimated fair value of the Company’s public and private warrant liabilities recorded on our balance sheet along with changes in fair value which are recorded as other income and expense on our statement of operations and the fair value of common stock issued on the date of exercise, which were recorded as additional ~~actions, such as further reducing costs.~~paid in capital.


	Public Warrants		Private Placement Warrants		Total
	(In thousands)
Warranty Liability at December 31, 2019	$	77,050	$	47,280	$	124,330
Redemption/Exercise of Warrants	(341,001)		—		(341,001)
Change in Fair Value	283,296		33,600		316,896
Warrant Liability at March 31, 2020	19,345		80,880		100,225
Redemption/Exercise of Warrants	(19,741)		—		(19,741)
Change in Fair Value	396		9,200		9,596
Warrant Liability at June 30, 2020	—		90,080		90,080

Warranty Liability at December 31, 2020	—		135,440		135,440
Change in Fair Value	—		48,719		48,719
Warrant Liability at March 31, 2021	—		184,159		184,159
Redemption/Exercise of Warrants	—		(104,175)		(104,175)
Change in Fair Value	—		20,363		20,363
Warrant Liability at June 30, 2021	—		100,347		100,347
Redemption/Exercise of Warrants	—		(65,915)		(65,915)
Change in Fair Value	—		(34,432)		(34,432)
Warrant Liability at September 30, 2021	$	—	$	—	$	—

(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(a) ~~Virgin Galactic Business Combination and~~ Basis of Presentation

The Virgin Galactic Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization. Under this method of accounting, SCH has been treated as the acquired company for financial reporting purposes. This determination was primarily based on shareholders of the VG Companies having a relative majority of the voting power of the combined entity, the operations of the VG Companies prior to the acquisition comprising the only ongoing operations of the combined entity, and senior management of the VG Companies comprising the majority of the senior management of the combined entity. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the financial statements of the combined entity represent a continuation of the financial statements of the VG Companies with the acquisition being treated as the equivalent of the VG Companies issuing stock for the net assets of SCH, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of SCH were recognized as of the date of the Virgin Galactic Business Combination at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. Operations prior to the Virgin Galactic Business Combination in these financial statements are those of the VG Companies and the accumulated deficit of VG Companies has been carried forward after the Virgin Galactic Business Combination. Earnings per share calculations for all periods prior to the Virgin Galactic Business Combination have been retrospectively adjusted for the equivalent number of shares outstanding immediately after the Virgin Galactic Business Combination to effect the reverse acquisition.

These condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). All intercompany transactions and balances between the various legal entities comprising the Company have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain information or footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been

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condensed or omitted, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes necessary for a comprehensive presentation of financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. In the opinion of management, the

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accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of a normal recurring nature, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented.

Prior to the Virgin Galactic Business Combination, these condensed consolidated financial statements have been derived from the historical condensed consolidated financial statements of Vieco 10 and include assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses directly attributable to our operations and allocations of corporate expenses from the Vieco 10 and GV for providing certain corporate functions, which included, but are not limited to, general corporate expenses related to finance, legal, compliance, facilities, and employee benefits. Following the Virgin Galactic Business Combination, these condensed consolidated financial statements represent the stand-alone activity of the Company.

Prior to the Virgin Galactic Business Combination, corporate expenses were allocated to us from Vieco 10 and GV on the basis of direct usage when identifiable or on the basis of headcount. The Company, Vieco 10 and GV each consider the basis on which the expenses have been allocated to be a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services provided to or the benefit received by the Company. Following the Virgin Galactic Business Combination, the Company expects to incur additional expenses as a stand-alone company. It is not practicable to estimate actual costs that would have been incurred had the Company been a stand-alone company during the periods presented prior to the Virgin Galactic Business Combination. Actual costs that may have been incurred if the Company had been a stand-alone company would depend on a number of factors, including the chosen organizational structure, what functions were outsourced or performed by employees and strategic decisions made in areas such as information technology and infrastructure.

~~The historical condensed consolidated financial statements prior to the Virgin Galactic Business Combination do not reflect any attribution of debt or allocation of interest expense.~~

~~Following the Virgin Galactic Business Combination, we perform these corporate functions using our own resources or purchased services from a related party (Note 4). We have entered into a transition service agreement with Vieco 10 in connection with the separation, many of which are expected to have terms longer than one year.~~

Prior to the Virgin Galactic Business Combination, the Company was historically funded as part of our Vieco 10 and GV’s treasury program. Cash and cash equivalents were managed through bank accounts legally owned by us, Vieco 10 and GV. Accordingly, cash and cash equivalents held by Vieco 10 and GV at the corporate level were not attributable to us for any of the periods presented. Only cash amounts legally owned by entities dedicated to the Company are reflected in the ~~condensed consolidated balance sheets. Transfers of cash, both to and from Vieco 10 and GV’s treasury program by us or related parties, are reflected as a component of net parent investment or membership equity in the~~ ~~condensed consolidated balance sheets~~ ~~and as a financing activity on the accompanying~~ ~~condensed consolidated statements of cash flows~~.

Prior to the Virgin Galactic Business Combination, as the various entities that make up the Company were not historically held by a single legal entity prior to the contribution of the VG Companies into VGH, LLC on July 8, 2019, total net parent investment is shown in lieu of equity in the condensed consolidated financial statements as of the applicable historical periods. Balances between us, Vieco 10 and GV that were not historically cash settled are included in net parent investment. Net parent investment represents Vieco 10’s interest in the recorded assets of us and represents the cumulative investment by Vieco 10 in us through July 8, 2019, inclusive of operating results.

Prior to the Virgin Galactic Business Combination, certain of our employees historically participated in Vieco 10’s stock-based compensation plans in the form of options issued pursuant to Vieco 10's plan. The performance conditions set forth in Vieco 10 stock-based compensation plans resulted in no stock-

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~~based compensation expense recognized during all periods presented prior to consummation of the Virgin Galactic Business Combination.~~

Prior to the Virgin Galactic Business Combination, the operations of the Company were included in the consolidated U.S. federal, and certain state and local and foreign income tax returns filed by GV, where applicable. Income tax expense and other income tax related information contained in the condensed consolidated financial statements for periods prior to the Virgin Galactic Business Combination are presented on a separate return basis as if the Company had filed its own tax returns. The income taxes of the Company as presented in the condensed consolidated financial statements may not be indicative of the income taxes that the Company will generate in the future. Additionally, certain tax attributes such as net operating losses or credit carryforwards are presented on a separate return basis and have been removed subsequent to the Virgin Galactic Business Combination. In jurisdictions where the Company has been included in the tax returns filed by GV, any income tax receivables resulting from the related income tax provisions have been reflected in the ~~condensed consolidated balance sheets~~ within net parent investment or membership equity, as applicable. Following the Virgin Galactic Business Combination, the Company will file separate standalone tax returns as we effectively became a new and separate tax filer from GV with no historical net operating losses and credit carryforwards.

(b) Use of Estimates

The preparation of the ~~condensed~~ consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP required us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the ~~condensed~~ consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base these estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates. Significant estimates inherent in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, accounting for revenue, cost of revenue, contract assets, contract liabilities, useful lives of property, plant and equipment, ~~net,~~fair value of investments, accrued liabilities, income taxes including deferred tax assets and liabilities and impairment valuation, warrants, stock-based awards and contingencies.

We recognize revenue when control of the promised service is transferred to our customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive based on the contracted amount for those services.Our contracts generally include spaceflight operations and ~~Equipment, net~~other revenue and engineering services revenue.

~~Property, plant,~~Spaceflight operations and ~~equipment, net~~other revenue

Spaceflight operations and ~~leasehold improvements~~other revenue is recognized for providing human spaceflights and carrying payload cargo into space, or a combination of the two. In addition, we have various sponsorship arrangements for which revenue is recognized over the sponsorship term.

Human spaceflight services are ~~stated~~those services provided to the majority of our customers. Spaceflight service revenue is recognized at ~~cost, less accumulated depreciation.~~a point in time upon successful completion of a spaceflight.

Payload cargo services generally include performance obligations in which control is transferred over time. We recognize revenue on these fixed fee contracts, over time, using the proportion of actual costs incurred to the total costs expected to complete the performance obligations.

In contracts which include a combination of services, the Company assesses and accounts for individual services separately if they are distinct performance obligations, which often requires judgment based upon knowledge of the services and structure of the sales contract. We allocate the contract price to each performance obligation based on the estimated standalone selling price using observable pricing from our contracts with single performance obligations.

Engineering services revenue

Engineering services revenue is recognized for providing services for the research, design, development, manufacture, integration and sustainment of advanced technology aerospace systems, products and services. We have arrangements as a subcontractor to the primary contractor of a long-term contract with the U.S. Government and perform the specified work on a time-and-materials basis subject to a guaranteed maximum price. Our engineering services revenue contract obligates us to provide services that together are one distinct performance obligation; the delivery of engineering services. The Company elected to apply the ‘as-invoiced’ practical expedient to such revenues, and as a result, will bypass

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

~~Depreciation~~

estimating the variable transaction price. Revenue is recognized as control of the performance obligation is transferred over time to the customer.

Variable consideration

We generally estimate variable consideration and refund liabilities at the most likely amount to which we expect to be entitled or owed and in certain cases based on the expected value, which requires judgment. Estimated variable consideration amounts are included in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Estimated refund liability amounts are excluded in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that they are payable to the customer. Our estimates of variable consideration and refund liabilities, and determination of whether to include the estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of our anticipated performance and all information that is reasonably available to us.

Disaggregation of revenue

The Company does not disaggregate revenue for purposes of disclosure.

Contract balances

Contract assets are comprised of billed accounts receivable and unbilled receivables, which is the result of timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections. The Company records accounts receivable when it has an unconditional right to consideration.

Contract liabilities relate to spaceflight operations and other revenue contracts and are recorded when cash payments are received or due in advance of performance. Cash payments for spaceflight services are classified as customer deposits until enforceable rights and obligations exist, when such deposits also become nonrefundable. Customer deposits become nonrefundable and are recorded as deferred revenue following the Company's delivery of the conditions of carriage to the customer and execution of an informed consent. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, our contract liabilities are $84.8 million and $83.2 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2021, the contract liabilities were comprised of customer deposits for our spaceflight services of $84.8 million. As of December 31, 2020, the contract liabilities are comprised of customer deposits for our spaceflight services of $82.7 million and $0.6 million for our payload contracts.

Contract fulfillment costs

The Company evaluates whether or not we should capitalize the costs of fulfilling a contract. Such costs would be capitalized when they are not within the scope of other standards and: (1) are directly related to a contract; (2) generate or enhance resources that will be used to satisfy performance obligations; and (3) are expected to be recovered.

Significant financing component

In determining the transaction price, the Company adjusts the promised amount of consideration for the effects of the time value of money when the timing of payments provides it with a significant benefit of financing the transfers of goods or services to the customer. In those circumstances, the contract contains a significant financing component. When adjusting the promised amount of consideration for a significant financing component, the Company uses the discount rate that would be reflected in a separate financing transaction between the entity and its customer at contract inception and recognizes the revenue amount on a straight-line basis over the term of the Customer Agreement, and interest expense using the effective interest rate method. When the time period between when the Company transfers a promised good or service to a customer and when the customer pays for that good or service is not more than one year, the

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Company applies the significant financing component practical expedient and do not adjust the promised amount of consideration.

Remaining performance obligations

We do not disclose information about remaining performance obligations for (a) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, (b) revenues recognized at the amount at which we have the right to invoice for services performed, or (c) variable consideration allocated to wholly unsatisfied performance obligations.

(d) Marketable Securities

The Company's marketable securities have been classified as debt securities and accounted for as "available-for-sale" securities. Management determines the appropriate classification of its investments at the time of purchase and reevaluates the classifications at each balance sheet date. Marketable securities are classified as short-term and long-term based on their availability for use in current operations. The Company's marketable securities are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, net of income taxes, reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the statement of equity, with the exception of unrealized losses believed to be other-than-temporary, which are reported in the Company's statement of operations and comprehensive loss in the period in which such determination is made.

(e) Warrant liability

The Company classifies its public and private placement warrants as liabilities in accordance with ASC 815 (Derivatives and Hedging). The warrant liability is recorded on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value on the issue date, with subsequent changes in their fair value recognized in the consolidated statement of operations at each reporting date.

The Company determined the fair value of its public warrants, which traded in active markets, using quoted market prices for identical instruments. The Company determines the fair value of the private placement warrants using a Black-Scholes option model and the quoted price of the Company’s common stock in an active market, a Level 3 measurement. Volatility is based on the actual market activity of the Company’s peer group as well as the Company's historical volatility since the Virgin Galactic Business Combination. The expected life is based on the remaining contractual term of the warrants, and the risk free interest rate is based on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury Securities with a maturity equivalent to the warrants’ expected life.

(f) Reclassification

Certain amounts in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been reclassified to be consistent with the current period presentation. We reclassified a portion of our property, plant and equipment ~~net is calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter period of the estimated life or the lease term.~~

~~The estimated useful lives of property~~in machinery and equipment ~~are principally~~to inventory, as ~~follows:~~


~~Asset~~						~~Useful Life~~
~~Buildings~~						~~39 years~~
~~Leasehold Improvements~~						~~Shorter of the estimated useful life or lease term~~
~~Aircraft~~						~~20 years~~
~~Machinery & equipment~~						~~5 to 7 years~~
~~IT software and equipment~~						~~3 to 5 years~~

~~We incur repair~~part of our standardization of accounting policies across entities, for inventory and ~~maintenance costs on major equipment, which is expensed as incurred.~~property, plant and equipment. These reclassifications impacted our condensed consolidated balance sheet, condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss and condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

~~(d)~~(g) Other Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

~~Other than policies noted within Recent Accounting Pronouncements below, there~~There have been no other significant changes from the significant accounting policies disclosed in Note 2 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” included in the ~~Annual Report on~~Company's Amendment No. 2 to Form 10-K.

The interim financial information is unaudited, but reflects all normal recurring adjustments that are,

in the opinion of management, necessary to fairly present the information set forth herein. The interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s ~~Annual Report on~~Amendment No. 2 to Form ~~10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.~~10-K. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results for a full year.

(3) Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Changes to GAAP are established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) in the form of Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”).

The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASUs. ASUs not listed below were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

(a)Issued Accounting Standard Updates Not Yet Adopted

In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01 - Reference Rate Reform, which clarifies that certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivatives that are affected by the discounted transition. This update is effective immediately. We have evaluated and determined the update has no impact to the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earning Per Share (Topic 260), Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40), which clarified and reduced diversity in an issuer's accounting for modifications of exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options (such as warrants) that remain equity classified after modification or exchange. This update is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. We evaluated and determined that the update has had no impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements after the effective date.

(b) Adopted Accounting Standard Updates

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740), which affects general principles within Topic 740, and are meant to simplify and reduce the cost of accounting for income taxes. It removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and simplifies areas including franchise taxes that are partially based on income, transactions with a government that result in a step up in the tax basis of goodwill, the incremental approach for intraperiod tax allocation, interim period income tax accounting for year-to-date losses that exceed anticipated losses and enacted changes in tax laws in interim periods. The ~~changes~~Company adopted the new guidance effective January 1, 2021. The adoption of the new guidance did not have a material impact to the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, which simplifies and clarifies certain calculation and presentation matters related to convertible and equity and debt instruments. Specifically, ASU-2020-06 removes requirements to separately account for conversion features as a derivative under ASC Topic 815 and removing the requirement to account for beneficial conversion features on such instruments. Accounting Standards Update 2020-06 also provides clearer guidance surrounding disclosure of such instruments and provides specific guidance for how such instruments are to be incorporated in the calculation of Diluted EPS. The guidance under ASU 2020-06 is effective for ~~annual~~fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The ~~Company is currently assessing the impact of ASU 2019-12 in its consolidated financial statements.~~

~~(b)Adopted Accounting Standard Updates~~

~~Effective January 1, 2020, we adopted ASU 2018-13,~~ ~~Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), which modified the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. The~~ adoption of ~~ASU 2018-03~~the new guidance did not have a material impact onto the ~~Company’s~~Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

(4) Related Party Transactions

The Company licenses its brand name from certain entities affiliated with Virgin Enterprises Limited (“VEL”), a company incorporated in England. VEL is an affiliate of the Company. Under the trademark license, the Company has the exclusive right to operate under the brand name “Virgin Galactic” worldwide. Royalty payables, excluding sponsorship royalties, for the use of license are the greater of 1% of revenue or ~~$0.04 million~~$40,000 per quarter, prior to the commercial launch date. Sponsorship royalties payable are 25% of sponsorship revenue. We paid license and royalty fees of ~~$0.04 million~~$390,000 and ~~$0.02 million~~$40,000 for the three months ended September 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. We paid license and royalty fees of ~~$0.13 million~~$470,000 and ~~$0.06 million~~$135,000 for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively.

~~As a result of the Virgin Galactic Business Combination, the~~The Company ~~entered into~~has a Transition Services Agreement ("TSA") with Virgin Orbit, LLC ("VO") and GV on October 25, 2019. Prior to the Virgin Galactic Business Combination, the VG Companies historically performed certain services for VO, Vieco 10 and GV. The Company is allocated corporate expenses from Vieco 10 and GV for corporate-related functions based on an allocation methodology that considers our headcount, unless directly attributable to the business. ~~General corporate overhead~~

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expense allocations include tax, accounting and auditing professional fees, and certain employee benefits. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, there was 0 corporate expense allocated to us from Vieco 10 and Vieco US. For the three and nine months period ended September 30, 2019, we were allocated $1.0 million and $1.2 million corporate expenses, net, from Vieco 10 and GV, respectively. Corporate expense are included within selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying ~~condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss~~.

The Company is allocated operating expense from VO Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“VOH”), a majority owned company of ~~Vieco 10 and~~ GV for operations-related functions based on an allocation methodology that considers our headcount, unless directly attributable to the business. Operating expense allocations include use of machinery and equipment, pilot services, and other general administrative expenses. We were allocated ~~$0.13 million~~$33,000 and ~~$0.07 million~~$131,000 of operating expenses, net, from VOH for the three months ended September 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. We were allocated ~~$0.37 million~~$104,000 and ~~$0.2 million~~$367,000 of operating expenses, net, from VOH for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. The Company has a receivable (payable) tofrom VOH of ~~$0.1 million~~$19,000 and ~~$(0.8) million~~$85,000 as of September 30, ~~2020~~2021 and December 31, ~~2019,~~2020, respectively.

(5) Inventory

As of September 30, ~~2020~~2021 and December 31, ~~2019,~~2020, inventory is comprised of the following:


			As of						As of
			September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019				September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
			(Unaudited)						(Unaudited)
		(In thousands)						(In thousands)
Raw Materials	Raw Materials		$	23,503	$	22,578	Raw Materials		$	21,174	$	22,963
Spare parts	Spare parts		1,644		4,239		Spare parts		8,132		7,520
Total inventory	Total inventory		$	25,147	$	26,817	Total inventory		$	29,306	$	30,483

For the three months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020, we wrote off $0.2 million and $0.1 million of inventory due to excess and ~~obsolescence.~~obsolescence, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020, we wrote off $0.4 million and $1.3 million of inventory due to excess and ~~obsolescence. There were 0 write-downs of inventories to net realizable value for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.~~obsolescence, respectively.

1415

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

(6) Property, Plant, and Equipment, net

As of September 30, ~~2020~~2021 and December 31, ~~2019,~~2020, property, plant, and equipment, net ~~consists~~consisted of the ~~following :~~following:


			As of						As of
			September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019				September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
			(Unaudited)						(Unaudited)
		(In thousands)						(In thousands)
Buildings	Buildings		$	9,142	$	9,142	Buildings		$	9,117	$	9,142
Leasehold improvements	Leasehold improvements		27,910		20,048		Leasehold improvements		28,986		28,744
Aircraft	Aircraft		195		320		Aircraft		195		195
Machinery and equipment	Machinery and equipment		36,752		33,608		Machinery and equipment		36,748		34,330
IT software and equipment	IT software and equipment		21,720		17,151		IT software and equipment		23,338		22,042
Construction in progress	Construction in progress		3,257		3,674		Construction in progress		1,291		1,780
			98,976		83,943				99,675		96,233
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(41,721)		(34,610)		Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(51,545)		(43,085)
Property, plant, and equipment, net	Property, plant, and equipment, net		$	57,255	$	49,333	Property, plant, and equipment, net		$	48,130	$	53,148

Total depreciation and amortization for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 ~~and 2019~~ was ~~$2.7~~$2.9 million and ~~$1.7~~$2.5 million, respectively, of which $1.3 million and ~~$0.9~~$1.1 million was recorded in research and development expense, respectively. Total depreciation and amortization for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 ~~and 2019~~ was ~~$7.4~~$8.6 million and ~~$4.9~~$7.0 million, respectively, of which ~~$3.5~~$3.9 million and ~~$2.7~~$3.2 million was recorded in research and development expense, respectively.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(Unaudited)~~

(7) Leases

The Company's leases are more fully described in Note 8 of the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" ~~in the 2019 Annual Report on~~to its Amendment No. 2 to Form 10-K.

~~The components of lease expense related to leases for the periods presented below are as follows:~~

Three Months Ended September 30,
2020 2019
(Unaudited and in thousands)
Lease Cost:
Operating lease expense $ 1,181 $ 1,202
Short-term lease expense 126 27
Finance Lease Cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets 40 59
Interest on lease liabilities 8 8
Total finance lease cost 48 67
Variable lease cost 798 113
Total lease cost $ 2,153 $ 1,409
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020 2019
(Unaudited and in thousands)
Lease Cost:
Operating lease expense $ 3,343 $ 3,017
Short-term lease expense 249 120
Finance Lease Cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets 95 115
Interest on lease liabilities 25 18
Total finance lease cost 120 133
Variable lease cost 1,573 377
Total lease cost $ 5,285 $ 3,647

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The components of lease expense related to leases for the periods presented below are as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020
	(Unaudited and in thousands)
Lease Cost:
Operating lease expense	$	1,244	$	1,181
Short-term lease expense	6		126

Finance Lease Cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	34		40
Interest on lease liabilities	6		8
Total finance lease cost	40		48

Variable lease cost	1,475		798
Total lease cost	$	2,765	$	2,153


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020
	(Unaudited and in thousands)
Lease Cost:
Operating lease expense	$	3,758	$	3,343
Short-term lease expense	26		249

Finance Lease Cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	103		95
Interest on lease liabilities	20		25
Total finance lease cost	123		120

Variable lease cost	4,185		1,573
Total lease cost	$	8,092	$	5,285

The components of supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the period are as follows:

Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020 2019
(In thousands, except term and rate data)
Cash flow information:
Operating cash flows for operating leases $ 3,763 $ 3,425
Operating cash flows for finance leases $ 25 $ 17
Financing cash flows for finance leases $ 89 $ 55
Non-cash activity:
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations
Operating leases $ 96 $ 16,989
Finance Leases $ 91 $ 498
Other Information:
Weighted average remaining lease term:
Operating leases (in years) 13.23 13.95
Finance leases (in years) 3.07 4.10
Weighted average discount rates:
Operating leases 11.69 % 11.71 %
Finance leases 8.48 % 8.51 %

~~The supplemental balance sheet information related to leases for the period is as follows:~~

As of
September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)
Operating leases
Long-term right-of-use assets $ 15,712 $ 16,632
Short-term operating lease liabilities $ 1,990 $ 2,354
Long-term operating lease liabilities 20,838 21,867
Total operating lease liabilities $ 22,828 $ 24,221

Lease expense for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019 was $2.2 million and $1.4 million, respectively. Lease expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019 was $5.3 million and $3.6 million, respectively.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021			2020
	(In thousands, except term and rate data)
Cash flow information:
Operating cash flows for operating leases	$	4,065		$	3,763
Operating cash flows for finance leases	$	20		$	25
Financing cash flows for finance leases	$	105		$	89

Non-cash activity:
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations
Operating leases	$	501		$	96
Finance Leases	$	19		$	91

Other Information:
Weighted average remaining lease term:
Operating leases (in years)	12.30			13.23
Finance leases (in years)	2.29			3.07

Weighted average discount rates:
Operating leases	11.66		%	11.69		%
Finance leases	8.22		%	8.48		%

The supplemental balance sheet information related to leases for the period is as follows:


	As of
	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(Unaudited)
	(In thousands)
Operating leases
Long-term right-of-use assets	$	18,549	$	19,555

Short-term operating lease liabilities	$	1,827	$	2,384
Long-term operating lease liabilities	23,397		24,148
Total operating lease liabilities	$	25,224	$	26,532

Commitments

The Company has certain ~~noncancelable~~non-cancelable operating leases primarily for its premises. These leases generally contain renewal options for periods ranging from 3 to 20 years and require the Company to pay all executory costs, such as maintenance and insurance. Certain lease arrangements have rent free periods or escalating payment provisions, and we recognize rent expense of such arrangements on a straight line basis.

Future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) and future minimum finance lease payments as of September 30, 2020 are as follows:

Operating Leases Finance
Leases
(In thousands)
2020 (for the remaining period) $ 4,591 $ 145
2021 3,525 131
2022 3,246 97
2023 3,233 46
2024 3,233 0
Thereafter 27,664 0
Total lease payments $ 45,492 $ 419
Less:
Imputed interest/present value discount (23,034) $ (49)
Present value of lease liabilities $ 22,458 $ 370

~~(8) Other Current and Non-current Assets~~

~~A summary of the components of other assets are as follows:~~

As of
September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)
Prepaid expense $ 9,274 $ 16,672
Accounts receivable 363 461
Other current assets 234 0
Total other current assets $ 9,871 $ 17,133
Right-of-use assets $ 15,712 $ 16,927
Other non-current assets 3,218 2,615
Total other non-current assets $ 18,930 $ 19,542

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

~~(9)~~Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) and future minimum finance lease payments as of September 30, 2021 are as follows:


	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
	(In thousands)
2021 (for the remaining period)	$	1,348	$	41
2022	4,258		137
2023	3,975		106
2024	3,959		30
2025	3,833		—
Thereafter	30,852		—
Total lease payments	$	48,225	$	314
Less:
Imputed interest/present value discount	(23,001)		$	(27)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	25,224	$	287

(8) Accrued Expenses

A summary of the components of accrued liabilities are as follows:

As of
September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)
Accrued payroll $ 2,777 $ 2,027
Accrued vacation 4,308 2,797
Accrued bonus 5,195 6,502
Accrued inventory 2,063 2,235
Other accrued expenses 7,713 8,716
Total accrued expenses $ 22,056 $ 22,277


	As of
	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(Unaudited)
	(In thousands)
Accrued bonus	$	7,543	$	6,892
Other accrued expenses	15,755		16,090
Total accrued expenses	$	23,298	$	22,982

~~(10)~~(9) Long-term Debt


		As of					As of
		September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019			September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
		(Unaudited)					(Unaudited)
		(In thousands)					(In thousands)
Commercial loan	Commercial loan	$	930	$	0	Commercial loan	$	310	$	620
		930		0			310		620

Less: Current portion	Less: Current portion	(310)		0		Less: Current portion	(310)		(310)
Non-current portion	Non-current portion	$	620	$	0	Non-current portion	$	—	$	310

Aggregate maturities of long-term debt as of September 30, ~~2020~~2021 are as follows:

(In thousands)
2020 (for the remaining period) $ 310
2021 310
2022 310
$ 930

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)


	(In thousands)
2022	310
	$	310

On June 18, 2020, we financed the purchase of software licenses through a loan totaling approximately $0.9 million. The loan amortized in 3 equal annual ~~installment~~installments of approximately $0.3 million with the final payment due on October 1, 2022 with 0% interest rate. The loan is secured by a standby letter of credit issued from our financial institution and restricted cash has been recorded for the corresponding outstanding balance.

The imputed interest of this loan was immaterial.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(Unaudited)~~

~~(11)~~(10) Income Taxes

As of October 25, 2019 and for the period from January 1, 2019 through October 25, 2019, we adopted the separate return approach for the purpose of presenting the condensed consolidated financial statements, including the income tax provisions and the related deferred tax assets and liabilities. The historic operating results for the periods prior to the Virgin Galactic Business Combination reflect a separate return approach for each jurisdiction in which we had a presence and GV will file tax returns for the period from January 1, 2019 through October 25, 2019. As of December 31, 2019 and for the period from October 26, 2019 through December 31, 2019, we will file separate standalone tax returns.

Income tax expense was ~~$0.04 million~~$25,000 and ~~$0.04 million~~40,000 for the three months ended September 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. Income tax expense was ~~$0.03 million~~$74,000 and ~~$0.12 million~~34,000 for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. The effective income tax rate was ~~NaN~~nil for three months ended September 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019.~~2020. The effective income tax rate was ~~NaN~~nil for nine months ended September 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019.~~2020. Our effective tax rate differs from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to a substantially full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets where it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(Unaudited)~~

~~(12)~~(11) Stockholders' Equity

There have been no significant changes from the Stockholders' Equity disclosed in Note 11 of the “Stockholders Equity” included in the ~~Annual Report on~~Amendment No. 2 Form 10-K other than the issuance of common stock and redemption of warrants as noted below.

~~Issuance of Common Stock~~Stockholders' Agreement

In ~~August 2020,~~connection with the closing of the Virgin Galactic Business Combination, the Company ~~sold 23,600,000 shares~~entered into a stockholders’ agreement with certain of ~~common stock at a public offering price~~the Company’s investors. Pursuant to the terms of ~~$19.50 per share for gross proceeds, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other expenses payable by~~the Stockholders’ Agreement, as long as Virgin Investments Limited ("VIL") is entitled to designate two directors to the Company’s Board of Directors, the Company must obtain VIL’s prior written consent to engage in certain corporate transactions and management functions such as business combinations, disposals, acquisitions, incurring indebtedness, and engagement of ~~$460.2 million. The Company incurred $20.9 million of transaction costs.~~professional advisors, among others.

Warrants and Warrant Redemption

~~As of April 30, 2020, there~~Public warrants were ~~0 public warrants (as defined below) outstanding. As of December 31, 2019, there were 22,999,977 warrants outstanding that had~~ initially ~~been~~ issued as part of ~~our~~SCH's initial public offering in 2017 ~~(the “public warrants”), which included warrants that were part~~and assumed upon the consummation of the ~~Company’s then-outstanding units.~~Business Combination. As of ~~both~~ September 30, ~~2020~~2021, there were no public warrants outstanding. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, ~~2019,~~2020, there were ~~also~~nil and 8,000,000 warrants outstanding, respectively, that were issued in a private placement simultaneously with the Company’s initial public offering (the “private placement warrants”). All remaining outstanding warrants were redeemed through cashless exercises in July 2021.

Under the terms of the warrant agreement (the “Warrant Agreement”) between us and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent, the public warrants became exercisable on a cashless basis on January 27, 2020, based on the exchange ratio as calculated under the Warrant Agreement at the time of the exercise. On March 13, 2020 and pursuant to the terms of the Warrant Agreement, we announced that all public warrants that remained unexercised immediately after 5:00 p.m. New York City time on April 13, 2020 (the “Redemption Date”) would be redeemed for $0.01 per warrant. Warrant holders could exercise their public warrants at any time from March 13, 2020 and prior to the Redemption Date on a cashless basis, and receive 0.5073 shares of common stock per public warrant surrendered for exercise. Immediately after the Redemption Date, 295,305 public warrants remained unexercised and were redeemed at a redemption price of $0.01 per public warrant in accordance with the terms of the Warrant Agreement. The private placement warrants were not subject to the ~~redemption~~redemption.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The Company determined that both the public warrants and ~~remain outstanding.~~the private placement warrants (the "Warrants") should be classified as a liability in accordance with ASC 480. The Company remeasured the fair value of the Warrants at each reporting date with changes recorded in earnings. In connection with the Company's remeasurement of the Warrants to fair value, the Company recorded income (expense) of approximately $34.4 million and $(15.3) million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $(34.7) million and $(341.8) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The fair value of the warrant liability is approximately $0 and $135.4 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The private placement warrants are classified as Level 3 financial instruments. See Note 14. Fair Value Measurements.

At The Market Offering

On July 12, 2021, the Company entered into a distribution agency agreement with Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (each, an “Agent” and collectively, the “Agents”) providing for the offer and sale of up to $500.0 million of shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, through an "at the market offering" program ("ATM"), from time to time by the Company through the Agents, acting as the Company’s sales agents, or directly to one or more of the Agents, acting as principal.

On July 16, 2021, we completed the ATM, generating $500.0 million in gross proceeds, before deducting $6.2 million in underwriting discounts and commissions, and other expenses payable by the Company, through the sale of 13,740,433 shares of common stock.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

(1312 ) Earnings per Share

The following table presents the computation of the basic and diluted net loss per share:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
			(As Restated)				(As Restated)
	(In thousands, except for share and per share data)
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(48,368)	$	(92,062)	$	(272,102)	$	(540,771)
Less: revaluation of warrant liability	(34,432)		0		0		0
Adjusted net loss	$	(82,800)	$	(92,062)	$	(272,102)	$	(540,771)

Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic	254,749,195		225,253,536		244,157,923		213,193,386
Dilutive effect of common stock issuable from assumed exercise of warrants	398,033		—		—		—
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted	255,147,228		225,253,536		244,157,923		213,193,386

Net loss per share:
Basic	$	(0.19)	$	(0.41)	$	(1.11)	$	(2.54)
Diluted	$	(0.32)	$	(0.41)	$	(1.11)	$	(2.54)

For the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Company has included the potential effect of warrants to purchase shares of common stock as the effect would be dilutive. The Company has excluded the potentially dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and unvested restricted stock units, as described in Note 12 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” included in the 2020 Amendment No. 2 to Form 10-K, in the calculation of diluted loss per share, as the effect would be anti-dilutive due to losses incurred. Diluted net loss per share ~~and related information:~~

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2020 2019 2020 2019
(In thousands, except for share and per share data)
Basic and diluted:
     Net loss $ (76,950) $ (51,475) $ (199,398) $ (138,136)
     Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding 225,253,536 193,663,150 213,193,386 193,663,150
     Basic and diluted net loss per share $ (0.34) $ (0.27) $ (0.94) $ (0.71)

~~Earnings per share calculations~~is computed by dividing the net loss, adjusted for the revaluation of warrant liability for the private warrants, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period, adjusted for the dilutive effect of shares of common stock equivalents resulting from the assumed exercise of the warrants. The treasury stock method was used to calculate the potential dilutive effect of these common stock equivalents for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended September 30, 2019 have been retrospectively adjusted for the equivalent number of shares outstanding immediately after the Virgin Galactic Business Combination to effect the reverse recapitalization less issuance of 1,924,402 shares to Boeing, the issuance of 413,486 shares to settle transaction costs and the common stock equivalent of the vested 1,500,000 restricted stock units ("RSUs") granted to certain directors in connection to the Virgin Galactic Business Combination that remain unsettled as of September 30, 2020.2021.

As of September 30, 2020, ~~December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019,~~ the Company has excluded the potential effect of warrants to purchase shares of common stock totaling 8,000,000 ~~30,999,977 and 30,999,977, respectively,~~ shares and the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and unvested restricted stock units, as described in Note 12 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” included in the ~~2019 Annual Report on~~2020 Amendment No. 2 to Form 10-K, in the calculation of diluted loss per share, as the effect would be anti-dilutive due to losses incurred.

~~(14)~~(13) Stock-Based Compensation

The Company's 2019 Incentive Award Plan ("2019 Plan") is more fully described in Note 13 of the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" in the ~~2019 Annual Report on~~Amendment No. 2 to Form 10-K. Under the 2019 Plan, the Company has the ability to grant incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options and ~~RSUs~~restricted stock units ("RSU") to employees, directors and other service providers. Performance stock units ("PSU") are RSUs that vest based on the achievement of specified performance criteria. Twenty five percent of such stock options cliff vest at the grant dates first anniversary and will ratably vest ~~monthly~~quarterly over the next three years, subject to continued employment on each vesting date. Vested options will be exercisable at any time until ten years from the grant date, subject to earlier

Table of Contents

VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

expiration under certain terminations of service and other conditions. The stock options granted have an exercise price equal to the closing stock price of our common stock on the grant date.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(Unaudited)~~Stock Option Units

The following table sets forth the summary of options activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 under the 2019 Plan (dollars in thousands except per share data):

Number of Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Aggregate Intrinsic Value(1)
Options outstanding at December 31, 2018 0 $ 0 0 0
Granted 6,212,609 11.58
Exercised 0 0
Forfeited options (90,565) 11.79
Options outstanding at December 31, 2019 6,122,044 $ 11.58 9.83 0
Granted 1,155,734 20.34
Exercised 0 0
Forfeited options (225,242) 11.79
Options outstanding at September 30, 2020 7,052,536 $ 13.01 9.15 $ 43,866,774
Options exercisable at September 30, 2020 65,105 $ 22.98 9.75 0
__________________


	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value(1)
Options outstanding at December 31, 2020	6,796,045	$	13.59	8.64	$	68,888
Granted	—	—
Exercised	(1,510,315)	12.49
Forfeited options	(857,842)	13.41
Options outstanding at September 30, 2021	4,427,888	$	14.01	7.79	$	50,013

Options exercisable at September 30, 2021	1,687,669	$	13.83	6.94	$	19,358

(1) Aggregate intrinsic value is calculated based on the difference between our closing stock price at period end and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options and represents the pre-tax amount that would have been received by the option holders, had they all exercised all their options on the period end date.

Restricted Stock Units

The RSUs vest over four years with 25% cliff vest at the first year anniversary of the grant date and ratably over the next three years.

The following table sets forth the summary of RSUs activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 under the 2019 Plan (dollars in thousands except per share data):

Shares Weighted Average Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2019 0 $ 0
Granted 1,795,209 7.11
Vested 0 0
Forfeited (27,495) 7.11
Outstanding at December 31, 2019 1,767,714 $ 7.11
Granted 1,579,460 20.29
Vested (35,000) 22.98
Forfeited (86,976) 8.34
Outstanding at September 30, 2020 3,225,198 $ 19.30


	Shares	Weighted Average Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2020	4,760,784	$	19.63
Granted	783,228	37.24
Vested	(1,029,551)	17.28
Forfeited	(1,072,000)	17.37
Outstanding at September 30, 2021	3,442,461	$	25.04

Performance Stock Units

For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company granted a total of 10,063 and 94,689 PSUs, respectively to our executive officers. Between 25% and 200% of the PSUs are eligible to vest based on the achievement of certain performance goals by specified target dates. The fair value of these PSUs is calculated based on the market value of the Company's common stock on the grant date. These PSUs are amortized over the requisite service period in which it is probable that the performance goal is achieved. The following table summarizes the details of the performance stock units:

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)


	Shares	Weighted Average Fair Value
PSUs outstanding at December 31, 2020	—	$	—
Granted	94,689	26.70
Forfeited	(4,850)	30.93
PSUs outstanding at September 30, 2021	89,839	$	28.14

Stock options, RSUs and ~~RSUs~~PSUs expenses are included in selling, general and administrative and research and development expense in the ~~condensed consolidated statements~~Condensed Consolidated Statements of ~~operations~~Operations and ~~comprehensive loss~~Comprehensive Loss~~, related to stock options and RSUs is~~ as follows:


		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,					Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2020		2019		2020		2019			2021		2020		2021		2020
Stock option expense	Stock option expense									Stock option expense
Selling, General & Administrative	Selling, General & Administrative	2,582		0		6,527		0		Selling, General & Administrative	$	1,735	$	2,582	$	12,590	$	6,527
Research & Development	Research & Development	1,254		0		3,310		0		Research & Development	776		1,254		2,445		3,310
Total stock option expense	Total stock option expense	3,836		0		9,837		0		Total stock option expense	2,511		3,836		15,035		9,837

RSU expense	RSU expense									RSU expense
Selling, General & Administrative	Selling, General & Administrative	2,474		0		4,945		0		Selling, General & Administrative	6,335		2,474		23,370		4,945
Research & Development	Research & Development	2,315		0		3,793		0		Research & Development	2,853		2,315		9,255		3,793
Total RSU expense	Total RSU expense	4,789		0		8,738		0		Total RSU expense	9,188		4,789		32,625		8,738

PSU expense										PSU expense
Selling, General & Administrative										Selling, General & Administrative	470		—		1,044		—
Total PSU expense										Total PSU expense	470		—		1,044		—

Total stock-based compensation expense	Total stock-based compensation expense	$	8,625	$	0	$	18,575	$	0	Total stock-based compensation expense	$	12,169	$	8,625	$	48,704	$	18,575

As of September 30, ~~2020,~~2021, the unrecognized stock-based compensation related to ~~these~~stock options was ~~$48.5~~$24.1 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of ~~3.2~~2.5 years. At September 30, ~~2020,~~2021, the unrecognized stock-based compensation related to RSUs was ~~$63.7~~$86.0 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of ~~2.1~~2.9 years. As of September 30, 2021, the unrecognized stock-based compensation related to PSUs was $1.4 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.7 years.

~~The weighted average assumptions used to value the option grants are as follows:~~

As of
September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
Expected life (in years) 6.0 6.0
Volatility 75.2 % 75.0 %
Risk free interest rate 1.1 % 1.7 %
Dividend yield 0 % 0 %

The weighted average fair value per option at the grant date for options issued during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $8.55 and $7.63, respectively.

~~Award Modification~~

On March 10, 2020, we modified the RSU grants made in connection with the closing of the Virgin Galactic Business Combination by removing one of the vesting criteria requiring our share price value to be greater than $10 per share at the time RSUs vest. No other terms of the awards were modified. Stock-based compensation expense related to the modification was calculated by taking the incremental fair value based on the difference between the fair value of the modified award and the fair value of the original award. Given the RSUs were unvested at the time of modification, the incremental stock-based compensation expense will prospectively be expensed over the remaining vesting period. Total incremental stock-based compensation expense recorded as a result of the modification was $1.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. Total incremental stock-based compensation expense recorded as a result of the modification was $3.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

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~~VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(Unaudited)~~

~~(15)~~(14) Fair Value Measurements

We utilize valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible. We estimate fair value based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability in the principal or most advantageous market. When considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, the following fair value hierarchy distinguishes between observable and unobservable inputs, which is categorized in one of the following levels:

•Level 1 inputs: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities accessible to the

reporting entity at the measurement date;

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

•Level 2 inputs: Other than quoted prices included in Level 1 inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; and

•Level 3 inputs: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at measurement date.

The fair value of the warrant liability was determined using the Black-Scholes valuation methodology and the quoted price of the Company’s common stock in an active market, a Level 3 measurement. Volatility was based on the actual market activity of the Company’s peer group as well as the Company's historical volatility since the Virgin Galactic Business Combination. The expected life was based on the remaining contractual term of the warrants, and the risk free interest rate was based on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury Securities with a maturity equivalent to the warrants’ expected life.

The Company calculated the estimated fair value of warrants using the following assumptions:


									As of
									December 31, 2020
Risk-free interest rate									0.25%
Contractual term									3.82 years
Expected volatility									80%

The carrying amounts included in the ~~condensed consolidated balance sheets~~Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets under current assets and current liabilities approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments. The following tables summarize the fair value of assets that are recorded in the Company’s ~~condensed consolidated balance sheets~~Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, ~~2020~~2021 and December 31, ~~2019~~2020 at fair value on a recurring basis:

Fair Value Measurements as of September 30, 2020
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
(In thousands)
Assets
Money Market 436,227 0 0
Certificate of Deposit 93,772 0 0
Cash Equivalents 200,404 0 0
Total assets at fair value $ 730,403 $ 0 $ 0
Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2019
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
(In thousands)
Assets
Money Market $ 423,149 $ 0 $ 0
Certificate of Deposit 42,630 0 0
Total asset at fair value $ 465,779 $ 0 $ 0


	As of September 30, 2021
	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains (Losses)		Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Level 1 securities:
Money market	$	576,057	$	—	$	576,057
Certificate of deposits	91,523		—		91,523
Level 2 securities:
Corporate debt securities	286,569		(437)		286,132
Total assets at fair value	$	954,149	$	(437)	$	953,712

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)


	As of December 31, 2020
	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains (Losses)		Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Level 1 securities:
Money market	$	357,463	$	—	$	357,463
Certificate of deposits	93,802		—		93,802
Cash equivalents	200,364		—		200,364
Total assets at fair value	$	651,629	$	—	$	651,629

Level 3 securities:
Warrant liability	$	—	$	—	$	135,440
Total Liability at fair value	$	—	$	—	$	135,440

~~(16)~~(15) Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company is a party to various lawsuits, claims and other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company applies accounting for contingencies to determine when and how much to accrue for and disclose related to legal and other contingencies. Accordingly, the Company discloses contingencies deemed to be reasonably possible and accrues loss contingencies when, in consultation with legal advisors, it is concluded that a loss is probable and reasonably estimable. Although the ultimate aggregate amount of monetary liability or financial impact with respect to these matters is subject to many uncertainties and is

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~~VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(Unaudited)~~

therefore not predictable with assurance, management believes that any monetary liability or financial impact to the Company from these matters, individually and in the aggregate, beyond that provided at September 30, ~~2020,~~2021, would not be material to the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. However, there can be no assurance with respect to such result, and monetary liability or financial impact to the Company from legal proceedings, lawsuits and other claims could differ materially from those projected.

In September 2018, a former contractor employed through a third party staffing agency, alleged on behalf of himself and other aggrieved employees that the Company and the staffing agency, purportedly violated California state wage and hour laws. In March 2020, the Company agreed to settle this matter for $1.9 ~~million. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded an additional legal settlement expense of $0~~ million, and ~~$0.2 million, respectively, and~~the settlement payment was ~~recorded~~made in ~~selling, general and administrative expenses~~full in ~~the~~ ~~condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss~~.July 2021. As of September 30, ~~2020,~~2021, the Company ~~has an~~had no outstanding ~~$1.9 million payable pending final court motions that has been delayed due to COVID-19.~~balance payable.

~~(17)~~(16) Employee Benefit Plan

The Company has defined contribution plans, under which the Company pays fixed contributions into a separate entity, and additional contributions to the plans are based upon a percentage of the employees’ elected contributions. The Company will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. Obligations for contributions to defined contribution plans are recognized within selling, general, and administrative expenses and research and development in the ~~condensed consolidated statements~~Condensed Consolidated Statements of ~~operations~~Operations and ~~comprehensive loss~~Comprehensive Loss, as incurred. Defined contributions were ~~$1.4~~$1.5 million and ~~$1.2~~$1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. Defined contributions were ~~$3.4~~$4.1 million and ~~$2.9~~$3.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, ~~and 2019,~~ respectively.

~~(18) Supplemental Cash Flow Information~~

Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2020 2019
(in thousands)
Supplemental disclosure
Cash payments for:
Income tax paid $ 26 $ 125
$ 26 $ 125
Schedule for noncash investing activities
Unpaid property, plant, and equipment received $ 1,173 $ 1,767
$ 1,173 $ 1,767
Schedule for noncash financing activities
Issuance of common stocks through "cashless" warrants exercised $ 360,742 $ 0
Issuance of common stocks through restricted stock units vested 804 0
Long-term debt 930 0
Unpaid deferred transaction costs 117 6,123
$ 362,593 $ 6,123

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

(17) Supplemental Cash Flow Information


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020
			(As Restated)
	(in thousands)

Cash payments for:
Income tax paid	$	84	$	26
	$	84	$	26

Schedule for noncash investing activities:
Unpaid property, plant, and equipment received	$	1,021	$	1,173
	$	1,021	$	1,173

Schedule for noncash financing activities:
Issuance of common stock through "cashless" warrants exercised	$	170,090	$	360,742
Issuance of common stock through restricted stock units vested	36,692		804
Long-term debt	(310)		930
Unpaid deferred transaction costs	—		117
	$	206,472	$	362,593

(18) Subsequent Event

On October 22, 2021, the Company entered into an agreement to lease 60,998 square feet of office space within the same complex of our current corporate office in Tustin, California. The lease commences on January 1, 2022 and expires on April 30, 2028. The average annual base rent under the lease is approximately $2.5 million. In November 2021, the Company provided a security deposit of $257,194, pursuant to the terms of the lease.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this section to the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” refer to the business of the VGVirgin Galactic Companies and their subsidiaries prior to the consummation of the Virgin Galactic Business Combination and Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries after consummation of the Virgin Galactic Business Combination. Prior to the Virgin Galactic Business Combination and prior to the series of Vieco 10 reorganization steps, Galactic Ventures, LLC ("GV"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Vieco 10, was the direct parent of the VGVirgin Galactic Companies.

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form ~~10-Q.~~10-Q, as well as the audited financial statements and the related notes thereto, and the discussion under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business” included in Amendment No. 2 to Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates, and beliefs that involve risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as those set forth under the “Risk Factors” section of our Amendment No. 2 to Form 10-K, in the "Risk Factor" section our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2021 and under the "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" ~~sections~~section and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are at the vanguard of a new industry, pioneering ~~the commercial exploration of~~a consumer space ~~with~~experience using reusable spaceflight systems. We believe the commercial exploration of space represents one of the most exciting and important ~~technology~~technological initiatives of our time. Approximately 600 humans have ever traveled above the Earth’s atmosphere into space to become officially recognized as astronauts, cosmonauts or taikonauts. This industry ~~has begun~~is growing dramatically due to new products, new sources of private and government funding, and new technologies. Demand is emerging from new sectors and ~~demographics.~~demographics, which we believe is broadening the total addressable market. As government space agencies have retired or reduced their ~~own~~ capacity to send humans into space, private companies are beginning to make ~~crucial~~exciting inroads into the fields of human space exploration. We have embarked ~~into~~on this ~~commercial exploration~~ journey with a mission to put humans into space and return them safely to Earth on a routine and consistent basis. We believe that opening access to space will connect the ~~success of this mission will provide~~world to the wonder and awe created by space travel, offering customers a transformative experience, and providing the foundation for a myriad of exciting new industries.

We are a vertically integrated ~~aerospace company pioneering human spaceflight~~business offering access to space for private individuals, researchers and ~~researchers.~~government agencies. Our ~~spaceship operations consist of commercial human spaceflight~~missions include flying passengers to space as tourists, as well as flying researchers to space in order to conduct experiments for scientific and ~~flying commercial research and development payloads into space.~~educational purposes. Our operations ~~also~~ include the design and development, manufacturing, ground and flight testing, and post-flight maintenance of our spaceflight system vehicles. ~~We focus our efforts in spaceflights~~Our spaceflight system is developed using our ~~reusable~~proprietary technology and processes and focused on providing space experiences for ~~human tourism~~private astronauts, researcher flights and ~~for research and education.~~ professional astronaut training.

We intend to offer our customers ~~who we also refer to as "future astronauts",~~ a unique, multi-day experience culminating in a spaceflight that includes several minutes of weightlessness and views of Earth from space. Our elegant and distinctive spaceflight system – which takes off and lands on a runway – has been designed for optimal safety and comfort. As part of our commercial operations, we have exclusive access to the Gateway to Space facility at Spaceport America located in New Mexico. Spaceport America is the world’s first ~~purpose built~~purpose-built commercial spaceport and will be the site of our initial commercial spaceflight operations. We believe the site provides us with a competitive advantage ~~when creating our spaceflight plans~~ as it not only has a desert climate with relatively predictable weather conditions preferable to support our spaceflights, it also has airspace that is restricted for surrounding commercial air traffic that ~~will facilitate~~facilitates frequent and consistent flight scheduling.

Our primary mission is to launch the ~~first~~ commercial program for human spaceflight. In December 2018, we made history by flying our groundbreaking spaceship, ~~SpaceShipTwo,~~VSS Unity, to space. This represented the first flight of a spaceflight system built for commercial service to take humans into space. ~~Shortly thereafter,~~In February 2019, we flew our second spaceflight ~~in SpaceShipTwo in February 2019, and, in addition to the two pilots,~~with VSS Unity, which carried a crew member in the ~~cabin.~~ cabin in addition to the two pilots. After relocating our operations to Spaceport America, we have flown an additional two spaceflights in May and July of 2021. The May flight carried revenue-generating research experiments as part of NASA’s Flight Opportunities Program. This is the third time Virgin Galactic has flown technology experiments in the cabin on a spaceflight. This flight also completed the data submission to the Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”) resulting in the approval for the expansion of our commercial space transportation operator license to allow for the carriage of space flight participants. This marked the first time the FAA licensed a spaceline to fly customers and was further validation of the inherent safety of our system.

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Our July flight was the 22nd flight of VSS Unity, the fourth rocket powered spaceflight and the first spaceflight with a full crew of four mission specialists in the cabin, including our Founder, Sir Richard Branson.

We ~~have~~believe that the market for commercial human spaceflight is significant and untapped. As of October 31, 2021, we received reservations for ~~approximately 600~~more than 700 spaceflight tickets and collected more than $80.0 million in future astronaut deposits as of October 31, 2020. Additionally, in February 2020, we launched our One Small Step campaign which allows interested individuals to place a $1,000 refundable registration deposit towards the cost of a future ticket once we reopen ticket sales and, as of October 31, 2020, there were close to 900 participants in our One Small Step program.deposits. With each ticket purchased, future astronauts will experience a multi-day journey ~~that~~to prepare their mind and body for their upcoming flight, which includes a ~~tour of the spaceport, flight suit fitting,~~comprehensive spaceflight training preparation program and ~~culminating~~culminates with a trip to space on the final day.

We have ~~also~~ developed an extensive set of ~~vertically~~ integrated aerospace development capabilities encompassing preliminary vehicle design and analysis, detail design, manufacturing, ground testing, flight testing, and maintenance of our spaceflight system. Our spaceflight system consists of ~~three~~two primary components: our carrier aircraft, ~~WhiteKnightTwo; our spaceship, SpaceShipTwo;~~the mothership, and our ~~hybrid rocket motor.~~spaceship.

~~SpaceShipTwo~~The spaceship is a ~~spaceship~~vehicle with the capacity to carry pilots and ~~future~~private astronauts, research experiments or ~~commercial~~researchers that travel with their experiments for human tended research ~~and development payloads,~~flights, into space and return them safely to Earth. ~~Fundamentally, SpaceShipTwo is a rocket-powered aerospace vehicle that operates more like a plane than a traditional rocket. SpaceShipTwo~~It is powered by a hybrid rocket

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propulsion system, ~~which we refer to as "RocketMotorTwo",~~ which propels the spaceship on a trajectory into space. ~~SpaceShipTwo’s~~The hybrid rocket motor utilizes liquid oxidizer and solid fuel and is designed to be a simple, safe, reliable propulsion system for the spaceship. The spaceship’s cabin has been designed to maximize the future astronaut’s safety, experience and comfort. A dozen windows line the sides and ceiling of the spaceship, offering ~~the future astronauts~~customers the ability to view the blackness of space as well as stunning views of the Earth below. Our mothership ~~WhiteKnightTwo,~~ is a twin-fuselage, custom-built aircraft designed to carry ~~SpaceShipTwo~~the spaceship up to an altitude of approximately 45,000 feet where ~~the spaceship~~it is released for its flight into space. Using ~~WhiteKnightTwo’s~~the mothership’s air launch capability, rather than a standard ground-launch, reduces the energy requirements of our spaceflight system as ~~SpaceShipTwo~~the spaceship does not have to ~~rocket its way~~ascend through the higher density atmosphere closest to the Earth’s ~~surface.~~surface as well as being a fully reusable spaceflight system.

Our team is currently in various stages of designing, testing and manufacturing additional spaceships and rocket motors in order to meet the expected demand for human spaceflight experiences. Our next generation spaceships will include the various learnings from our flight test program so we are able to design and manufacture our future spaceships to allow for greater predictability, faster turnaround time and easier maintenance. Concurrently, we are also researching and developing new products and technologies to grow our company. ~~We are in the early planning stage to develop and build a second carrier aircraft for SpaceShipTwo.~~

Our operations also include ~~efforts in~~ spaceflight opportunities for research and ~~education. For example,~~technology development. Prior to Virgin Galactic’s offering, researchers have utilized parabolic aircraft and drop towers to create moments of microgravity and conduct significant research ~~activities.~~activities related to the space environment. In most cases, these solutions offer only seconds of continuous microgravity ~~per flight~~time and do not offer access to the upper atmosphere or ~~space. Other researchers have conducted~~space itself. Researchers can also conduct experiments on sounding rockets or ~~orbital facilities.~~satellites. These opportunities are expensive, infrequent and may impose highly limiting operational constraints. ~~We believe that~~VSS Unity is intended to provide the scientific research ~~experiments will benefit from exposure~~community access to space ~~conditions aboard SpaceShipTwo due~~for affordable and repeatable high-quality microgravity. Our suborbital platform is an end-to-end offering, which includes not only our vehicles, but also the hardware along with the processes and facilities needed for a successful campaign. The platform offers a routine, reliable and responsive service allowing for experiments to be repeated rapidly and frequently and with the ~~large cabin, gentler loading during flight, relatively low cost, advantageous operational parameters,~~opportunity to be tended in-flight by one or more researchers. This capability will enable scientific experiments as well as educational and ~~frequent flights. As such, researchers are able~~research programs to ~~conduct critical experiments~~be carried out by a broader range of individuals, organizations and ~~obtain important data through suborbital spaceflight as opposed to costly alternative methods.~~institutions than ever before. Our commitment to advancing research and science ~~was~~has been present in all of our ~~December 2018 and February 2019~~ spaceflights asto date. Most recently, in May, we ~~transported~~carried payloads into space for research purposes as part of our contract with NASA under ~~a NASA~~its Flight Opportunities Program, and our July flight ~~contract.~~included research payloads from the University of Florida.

We have also leveraged our knowledge and expertise in manufacturing spaceships to occasionally perform engineering services, ~~for customers,~~ such as research, design, development, manufacturing and integration of advanced technology systems.

Factors Affecting Our Performance

We believe that our performance and future success depend on a number of factors that present significant opportunities for us but also pose risks and challenges, including those discussed below and in the section of ~~this Quarterly Report on 10-Q~~our Amendment No. 2 to Form 10-K titled “~~Risk Factors~~.“Risk Factors.”

Commercial Launch of Our Human Spaceflight Program

We are in the final phases of developing our commercial spaceflight program. Prior to commercialization, we must complete ~~our~~a period of planned maintenance and enhancements to the vehicles. Following the enhancement period, we intend to complete the vehicle testing program, including the planned research test flight ~~program, which includes a rigorous series~~with the Italian Air Force, before starting commercial flights.Commercial service is currently expected to commence in the fourth quarter of ground and flight tests, including our baseline spaceflight metrics, flight paths and safety protocol that will be used throughout our spaceflight program. The final portion of the test flight program includes submission of verification reports to the FAA for their review, which will then allow us to carry paying customers on spaceflights under our existing commercial spaceflight license. However, the timing of the submission may be delayed by multiple factors, some of which are outside of our control, including the current, and uncertain future impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on our business.2022. Any delays in

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successful completion of our test flight program, whether ~~on account of~~due to the impact of COVID-19 or otherwise, will impact our ability to generate revenue from human spaceflight.

We recently became the first spaceline to receive FAA approval to carry commercial customers to space. This was through an update to our existing commercial spaceflight ~~revenue.~~license which we have held since 2016.

Customer Demand

While not yet in commercial service for human spaceflight, we have already received significant interest from potential future astronauts. Going forward, we expect the size of our backlog and the number of future astronauts that have flown to space on our spaceflight system to be an important indicator of our future performance. As of October 31, ~~2020,~~2021, we had reservations for ~~SpaceShipTwo~~space flights for approximately ~~600~~700 future astronauts. In February 2020, we launched our One Small Step campaign which ~~allows~~allowed interested individuals to place a $1,000 refundable registration deposit towards the cost of a future ticket once we reopen ticket sales and ~~as of October 31, 2020, we had~~ received ~~close to 900~~approximately 1,000 One Small Step deposits from ~~61 countries. We will be retiring~~66 countries before we retired the "One Small Step" program on December 31, ~~2020, but plan on reopening~~2020. In August 2021, we reopened ticket sales, ~~following Sir Richard Branson's flight expected in 2021.~~beginning with individuals from our "One Small Step" program and increased the pricing of our consumer offerings to a base price of $450,000 per seat.

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Available Capacity and Annual Flight Rate

We face constraints of resources and competing demand for our human spaceflights. We expect to commence commercial operations with a single ~~SpaceShipTwo,~~Spaceship, VSS Unity, and a single ~~WhiteKnightTwo~~mothership carrier aircraft, VMS Eve, which together comprise our only spaceflight system. As a result, our annual flight rate will be constrained by the availability and capacity of this spaceflight system. To reduce this constraint, we are in various stages of designing, testing and manufacturing two additional ~~SpaceShipTwo~~Spaceship vehicles. We believe that expanding the fleet will allow us to increase our annual flight rate once commercialization is achieved.

Safety Performance of Our Spaceflight Systems

Our spaceflight systems are highly specialized with sophisticated and complex technology. We have built operational processes to ensure that the design, manufacture, performance and servicing of our spaceflight systems meet rigorous quality standards. However, our spaceflight systems are still subject to operational and process ~~problems,~~risks, such as manufacturing and design issues, ~~pilot~~human errors, or ~~cyber attacks.~~cyber-attacks. Any actual or perceived safety issues may result in significant reputational harm to our business and our ability to generate human spaceflight revenue.

Impact of COVID-19

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization characterized the outbreak of COVID-19 as a global pandemic and recommended containment and mitigation measures. Since then, extraordinary actions have been taken by international, federal, state, and local public health and governmental authorities to contain and combat the outbreak and spread of COVID-19 in regions throughout the world. These actions have included travel bans, quarantines, "stay-at-home" orders, and similar mandates for many individuals to substantially restrict daily activities and for many businesses to curtail or cease normal operations.

Consistent with the actions taken by governmental authorities, including U.S. Federal, California, New Mexico and the United Kingdom, where most of our workforce is located, we have taken appropriately cautious steps to protect our workforce and support community efforts. As part of these efforts, and in accordance with applicable government directives, we initially reduced and then temporarily suspended on-site operations at our facilities in Mojave, California and Spaceport America in New Mexico in ~~late~~ March 2020. Starting late March 2020, approximately two-thirds of our employees and contractors were able to complete their duties from home, which enabled much critical work to continue, including engineering analysis and drawing releases for VSS Unity, VMS Eve and the second SpaceShipTwo ~~vehicle,~~vehicle; process documentation ~~updates,~~updates; as well as workforce training and education. The remaining one-third of our workforce was unable to perform their normal duties from home. In April 2020, in accordance with our classification within the critical infrastructure designation, we resumed limited operations ~~and~~ under revised operational and manufacturing plans that ~~conform~~conformed to the ~~latest~~ COVID-19 health ~~precautions.~~precautions at that time. This ~~includes~~included universal facial covering requirements, rearranging facilities to follow social distancing protocols, conducting active daily temperature checks and undertaking regular, ~~and~~ thorough disinfecting of surfaces and tools. We ~~are~~ also ~~testing~~tested employees and contractors for COVID-19 on a regular basis. Following OSHA guidance, we have since allowed fully vaccinated employees and contractors to be mask free in our facilities while continuing to require the wearing of masks for our unvaccinated population. Our unvaccinated population is also required to test weekly for COVID-19. In September 2021, the U.S. government issued Executive Order 14042, mandating that all employees of federal contractors and subcontractors be fully

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vaccinated against COVID-19 by December 8, 2021, unless such employees are legally entitled to an accommodation. As a federal contractor, we intend to fully comply with Executive Order 14042. As the COVID-19 pandemic has evolved, we have continued to follow U.S. Federal, State and UK guidance, as applicable to our sites. However, the COVID-19 pandemic and the continued precautionary actions taken related to COVID-19 have adversely impacted, and are expected to continue to adversely impact, our operations, including the completion of the development of our spaceflight systems and our scheduled spaceflight test programs.

AsBeginning in the summer of ~~the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q,~~2020, all of our employees whose work requires them to be in our facilities ~~are now~~returned back on-site, and we ~~have implemented strict protocols~~continue to follow Federal, State and international guidance as applicable, to ensure employee ~~safety, including enforcing staggered shifts to lower on-site density and re-working communications processes with engineers who are primarily working from home.~~safety. We have, however, experienced, and expect to continue to experience, reductions in operational efficiency due to illness from COVID-19 and precautionary actions taken ~~related~~in response to COVID-19. For the time being, we are encouraging those employees who are not required onsite and are able to work from home to continue doing so.

The COVID-19 pandemic and the protocols and procedures we have implemented in response to the pandemic have caused and continue to cause delays to our business and operations, which has led to accumulated impacts to both schedule and cost efficiency and some delays in operational and maintenance activities, including delays in our test flight program. We expect this to ~~continue through the fourth quarter and into 2021. Though we remain on track with our upcoming planned flights, the~~continue. The full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and results of our future operations ~~subsequent to September 30, 2020~~ will depend on future developments, such as the ultimate duration and scope of the ~~outbreak~~pandemic and its impact on our operations necessary to complete the development of our spaceflight systems, our scheduled spaceflight test programs and commencement of our commercial flights. In addition to existing travel restrictions, countries may continue to maintain or reimpose closed borders, impose prolonged quarantines and/or further restrict travel. We believe our cash and cash equivalents on hand at September 30, ~~2020~~2021, and management's operating plan, will provide sufficient liquidity to fund our operations for at least the

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next twelve months from the issuance of the financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. If ~~we experience a significant delay due to our workforce getting ill or if~~ the pandemic worsens and we experience an additional delay, we may take additional actions, such as further reducing costs.

Component of Results of Operations

Revenue

To date, we have primarily generated revenue by transporting scientific commercial research and development payloads using our spaceflight systems and by providing engineering services as a subcontractor to the primary contractor of a long-term contract with the U.S. government. We also have generated ~~revenue~~revenues from a sponsorship arrangement.

Following the commercial launch of our human spaceflight services, we expect the significant majority of our revenue to be derived from ticket sales ~~of tickets~~ to fly to space. We also expect that we will continue to receive a small portion of our revenue by providing services relating to the research, design, development, manufacture and integration of advanced technology systems.

Cost of Revenue

Costs of revenue related to spaceflights ~~include~~includes costs related to the consumption of a rocket motor, fuel, payroll and benefits for our pilots and ground crew, and maintenance. Cost of revenue related to the payload and engineering services ~~consist~~consists of expenses related to materials and human capital, such as payroll and benefits. Once we have completed our test flight program and commenced commercial operations, we will capitalize the cost to construct any additional ~~SpaceShipTwo~~Spaceship vehicles. Cost of revenue will include vehicle depreciation once those spaceships are placed into service. We have not capitalized any spaceship development costs to date.

Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Gross profit is calculated based on the difference between our revenue and cost of revenue. Gross margin is the percentage obtained by dividing gross profit by our revenue. Our gross profit and gross margin has varied historically based on the mix of revenue-generating spaceflights and engineering services. As we approach the commercialization of our spaceflights, we expect our gross profit and gross margin may continue to vary as we scale our fleet of spaceflight systems.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist of human capital related expenses for employees involved in general corporate functions, including executive management and administration, accounting, finance, tax, legal, information technology, marketing and commercial, and human resources; depreciation expense and rent relating to facilities, including a portion of the lease with Spaceport America, and equipment; professional fees; and other general corporate costs. Human

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capital expenses primarily include salaries, cash bonuses, stock-based compensation and benefits. As we continue to grow as a company, we expect that our selling, general and administrative costs will increase on an absolute dollar basis.

We also expect to incur additional expenses as a result of operating as a public company, including expenses necessary to comply with the rules and regulations applicable to companies listed on a national securities exchange and related to compliance and reporting obligations pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC, as well as higher expenses for general, director, officer insurance, investor relations, and professional services.

Research and Development

Research and development expense represents costs incurred to support activities that advance our human spaceflight system towards commercialization, including basic research, applied research, concept formulation studies, design, development, and related testing activities. Research and development costs consist primarily of the following costs for developing our spaceflight systems:

•flight testing programs, including rocket motors, fuel, and payroll and benefits for pilots and ground crew performing test flights;

•equipment, material, and labor hours (including from third party contractors) for developing the spaceflight system’s structure, spaceflight propulsion system, and flight profiles; and

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•rent, maintenance, and depreciation of facilities and equipment and other overhead expenses allocated to the research and development departments.

As of September 30, ~~2020,~~2021, our current primary research and development objectives focus on the development of our ~~SpaceShipTwo~~Mothership and Spaceship vehicles for commercial spaceflights and developing our ~~RocketMotorTwo,~~rocket motor, a hybrid rocket propulsion system that will be used to propel our ~~SpaceShipTwo~~spaceship vehicles into space. The successful development of ~~SpaceShipTwo~~Mothership, Spaceship and ~~RocketMotorTwo~~rocket motor involves many uncertainties, including:

•our ability to recruit and retain skilled engineering and manufacturing staff;

•timing in finalizing spaceflight systems design and specifications;

•successful completion of flight test programs, including flight safety tests;

•our ability to obtain additional applicable approvals, licenses or certifications from regulatory agencies, if required, and maintaining current approvals, licenses or certifications;

•performance of our manufacturing facilities despite risks that disrupt ~~production,~~productions, such as natural disasters and hazardous materials;

•performance of a limited number of suppliers for certain raw materials and components;

•performance of our third-party contractors that support our research and development ~~activities;~~activities including the quality of components and subassemblies;

•our ability to maintain rights from third parties for intellectual properties critical to research and development activities;

•continued access to launch sites and airspace;

•our ability to continue funding and ~~maintaining~~maintain our current research and development activities; and

•the impact of the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic.

A change in the outcome of any of these variables could delay the development of ~~SpaceShipTwo~~Spaceship and ~~RocketMotorTwo,~~rocket motor, which in turn could impact when we are able to commence our human spaceflights.

As we are currently still in our final development and testing stage of our spaceflight system, we have expensed all research and development costs associated with developing and building our spaceflight system. We expect that our research and development expenses will decrease once technological feasibility is reached for our spaceflight systems as the costs incurred to manufacture additional ~~SpaceShipTwo~~Spaceship vehicles, built by leveraging the invested research and development, will no longer qualify as research and development activities.

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Change in Fair Value of Warrants

Change in fair value of warrants reflects the non-cash change in the fair value of warrants. Certain warrants issued as part of the Company's initial public offering in 2017 and assumed upon the consummation of the Business Combination were recorded at their fair value on the date of the Business Combination and are remeasured as of any warrant exercise date and at the end of each reporting period.

Interest Income, net

Interest income, net consists primarily of interest earned on cash and cash equivalents held by us in interest bearing demand deposit accounts and cash ~~equivalents.~~

~~Interest Expense~~

~~Interest~~equivalents, as well as interest expense ~~relates~~related to our finance lease obligations.

Other Income, net

Other income consists of miscellaneous non-operating items, such as gains on marketable ~~securities.~~securities and handling fees related to customer refunds.

Income Tax Provision

We are subject to income taxes in the United States and the United Kingdom. Our income tax provision consists of an estimate of federal, state, and foreign income taxes based on enacted federal, state, and foreign tax rates, as adjusted for allowable credits, deductions, uncertain tax positions, changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, and changes in tax laws.

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Results of Consolidated Operations

The following tables set forth our results of operations for the periods presented and expresses the relationship of certain line items as a percentage of revenue for those periods. The period-to-period comparisons of financial results is not necessarily indicative of future results.

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2020 2019 2020 2019
(In thousands)
Revenue $ — $ 832 $ 238 $ 3,252
Cost of revenue — 406 173 1,690
Gross profit — 426 65 1,562
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses 30,936 17,814 83,738 44,719
Research and development expenses 46,243 34,528 117,675 96,119
Operating loss (77,179) (51,916) (201,348) (139,276)
Interest income 322 387 2,005 1,137
Interest expense (9) — (26) (2)
Other income (44) 91 5 128
Loss before income taxes (76,910) (51,438) (199,364) (138,013)
Income tax (benefit) expense 40 37 34 123
Net loss $ (76,950) $ (51,475) $ (199,398) $ (138,136)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
	(In thousands)
Revenue	$	2,580	$	—	$	3,151	$	238
Cost of revenue	207		—		270		173
Gross profit	2,373		—		2,881		65
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses	49,859		30,936		133,276		83,738
Research and development expenses	35,593		46,075		107,859		117,276
Operating loss	(83,079)		(77,011)		(238,254)		(200,949)
Change in fair value of warrants	34,432		(15,280)		(34,650)		(341,772)
Interest income, net	234		313		766		1,979
Other income	70		(44)		110		5
Loss before income taxes	(48,343)		(92,022)		(272,028)		(540,737)
Income tax benefit (expense)	(25)		(40)		(74)		(34)
Net loss	$	(48,368)	$	(92,062)	$	(272,102)	$	(540,771)

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, ~~2020~~2021 Compared to the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, ~~2019~~

~~Revenue~~

Three Months Ended September 30, $
Change %
Change Nine Months Ended September 30, $
Change %
Change
2020 2019 2020 2019
(In thousands, except %)
Revenue $ — $ 832 $ (832) (100) % $ 238 $ 3,252 $ (3,014) (93) %

~~We did not record any revenue for the three months ended September 30,~~ 2020 compared to $0.8 million of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2019. This revenue recorded for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was attributable to engineering services provided under long-term U.S. government contracts in 2019.

Revenue decreased by $3.0 million, or 93%, to $0.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from $3.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This is primarily due to decreased engineering services of $1.9 million under long-term U.S. government contracts, a decrease in payload revenue of $0.8 million attributable to the February 2019 payload flown in connection with our testing program, and reduced sponsorship revenue of $0.3 million from an expired agreement.

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~~Cost of Revenue and Gross Profit~~

Three Months Ended September 30, $
Change %
Change Nine Months Ended September 30, $
Change %
Change
2020 2019 2020 2019
(In thousands, except %)
Cost of revenue $ — $ 406 $ (406) (100) % 173 1,690 $ (1,517) (90) %
Gross profit — 426 $ (426) (100) % 65 1,562 $ (1,497) (96) %
Gross margin — % 51 % 27 % 48 %

We did not record any cost of revenue in the three months ended September 30, 2020, as we did not record any revenue in the period. Cost of revenue was $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019.

Cost of revenue decreased by $1.5 million, or 90%, to $0.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from 1.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The change in cost of revenue was primarily due to the costs for flying payload in February 2019 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020, during which time we recorded no payload revenue. The labor costs associated with providing engineering services under long-term U.S. government contracts decreased proportionally with the billings. Gross profit decreased by $1.5 million, or 96%, to $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from $1.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Gross margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 decreased 21% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in gross profit and gross margin was primarily driven by smaller gross margins associated with the long-term engineering service contracts.

~~Selling, General and Administrative Expenses~~

Three Months Ended September 30, $
Change %
Change Nine Months Ended September 30, $
Change %
Change
2020 2019 2020 2019
(In thousands, except %)
Selling, general and administrative expenses $ 30,936 $ 17,814 $ 13,122 74 % $ 83,738 $ 44,719 $ 39,019 87 %

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $13.1 million, or 74%, to $30.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 from $17.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. This increase was primarily due to additional costs associated with being a public company, including $2.3 million of professional and legal fees, $2.3 million of salary and other benefits, and $2.4 million of insurance costs, as well as $6.6 million of stock-based compensation. These increases were partially offset with decreases of $0.7 million in facilities costs and $0.4 million in travel costs.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $39.0 million, or 87%, to $83.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from $44.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This $39.0 million increase was primarily due to additional cost associated with being a public company, including increases of $9.9 million of professional and legal fees, $7.4 million of insurance costs, $6.2 million of salary and other benefits, $2.1 million of IT software and consulting expenses, as well as $12.9 million stock-based compensation and $1.5 million of depreciation expense. These increases were partially offset with decreases of $1.1 million in facilities costs and $1.0 million of travel costs.

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~~Research and Development Expenses~~

Three Months Ended September 30, $
Change %
Change Nine Months Ended September 30, $
Change %
Change
2020 2019 2020 2019
(In thousands, except %)
Research and development expenses $ 46,243 $ 34,528 $ 11,715 34 % $ 117,675 $ 96,119 $ 21,556 22 %
Revenue


	Three Months Ended September 30,				$ Change		% Change		Nine Months Ended September 30,				$ Change		% Change
	2021		2020						2021		2020
	(In thousands, except %)
Revenue	$	2,580	$	—	$	2,580	100	%	$	3,151	$	238	$	2,913	1,224	%

~~Research~~We recorded $2.6 million of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to no revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2020. Revenue recorded for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was attributable to sponsorship revenue generated from our Unity 22 spaceflight in July 2021, as well as revenue earned under government contracts from progress on the completion of certain technical milestones related to payload services.

We recorded $3.2 million of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $0.2 million revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Revenue recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was attributable to sponsorship revenue and ~~development~~the spaceflights in May and July of 2021, as well as revenue earned under government contracts from progress on the completion of certain technical milestones related to payload services. Revenue recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was related to engineering services provided under long-term U.S. government contracts that ended in early 2020.

Cost of Revenue and Gross Profit


	Three Months Ended September 30,						$ Change		% Change		Nine Months Ended September 30,						$ Change		% Change
	2021			2020							2021			2020
	(In thousands, except %)
Cost of revenue	$	207		$	—		$	207	100	%	$	270		$	173		$	97	56	%
Gross profit	$	2,373		$	—		$	2,373	100	%	$	2,881		$	65		$	2,816	4,332	%
Gross margin	92		%	—		%					91		%	27		%

We recorded $0.2 million cost of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to no cost of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2020. We recorded $0.3 million cost of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $0.2 million cost of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Cost of revenue primarily relates to the incremental costs related to the completion of payload services, labor costs provided for engineering services under long-term U.S. government contracts, and agent fees related to sponsorship revenue.

Gross profit increased by $2.4 million, or 100%, for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020. Gross margin for the three months ended September 30, 2021 increased to 92% from zero for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Gross profit increased by $2.8 million, or 4,332% to 2.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 from $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Gross margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 increased 235% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses


	Three Months Ended September 30,				$ Change		% Change		Nine Months Ended September 30,				$ Change		% Change
	2021		2020						2021		2020
	(In thousands, except %)
Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	49,859	$	30,936	$	18,923	61	%	$	133,276	$	83,738	$	49,538	59	%

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Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by ~~$11.7~~$18.9 million, or ~~34%~~61%, to ~~$46.2~~$49.9 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2020~~2021 from ~~$34.5~~$30.9 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2019. The~~2020. This increase was primarily due to a $8.5 million increase in marketing related expenses attributable to our spaceflight in July 2021 and our re-opening of ticket sales, a $4.0 million increase in salary, bonus, and other benefits, a $2.4 million increase in consulting costs and a $1.9 million increase in stock-based compensation expense.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $49.5 million, or 59%, to $133.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 from $83.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. This increase was primarily due to a $24.0 million increase in stock-based compensation, a $13.4 million increase in salary, bonus, and other benefits, and a $9.5 million increase in marketing related expenses attributable to our spaceflights in May and July 2021 and our re-opening of ticket sales.

Research and Development Expenses


	Three Months Ended September 30,				$ Change		% Change		Nine Months Ended September 30,				$ Change		% Change
	2021		2020						2021		2020
	(In thousands, except %)
Research and development expenses	$	35,593	$	46,075	$	(10,482)	(23)	%	$	107,859	$	117,276	$	(9,417)	(8)	%

Research and development expenses decreased by $10.5 million, or 23%, to $35.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 from $46.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease was primarily due a $12.9 million decrease in contract labor and materials costs associated with ~~developing~~the development of our spaceflight ~~system, including increases of $3.6~~system. This decrease was partially offset by a $1.7 million ~~of salary and other benefits, $1.0 million of facilities costs, net~~ increase ~~of $3.5 million of materials and equipment lease costs, $0.9 million of travel costs, $0.6 million of insurance costs and $1.9 million of~~in stock-based compensation.

Research and development expenses ~~increased~~decreased by ~~$21.6~~$9.4 million, or ~~22%~~(8)%, to ~~$117.7~~$107.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2020~~2021 from ~~$96.1~~$117.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2019.~~2020. The ~~increase~~decrease was primarily due toa $23.1 million decrease in contract labor and materials and other direct costs associated with ~~developing~~the development of our spaceflight ~~system, including increases~~system. This decrease was partially offset by a $7.6 million increase in salary, bonus and related benefits and a $6.2 million increase in stock-based compensation.

Change in the Fair Value of ~~$5.7 million~~Warrants


	Three Months Ended September 30,				$ Change		% Change		Nine Months Ended September 30,				$ Change		% Change
	2021		2020						2021		2020
	($ in thousands)								(In thousands, except %)
Change in fair value of warrants	$	34,432	$	(15,280)	$	49,712	(325)	%	$	(34,650)	$	(341,772)	$	307,122	(90)	%

Change in fair value of ~~salary~~warrants reflects the non-cash change in the fair value of warrants. Certain warrants issued as part of the Company's initial public offering in 2017 and ~~other benefits, $5.2 million~~assumed upon the consummation of ~~materials~~the Business Combination were recorded at their fair value on the date of the Business Combination and ~~equipment lease costs, $2.2 million~~are remeasured as of ~~facilities costs, $1.3 million~~any warrant exercise date and at the end of ~~travel costs, $1.2 million of insurance costs, and $5.5 million of stock-based compensation and $0.8 million of depreciation expense.~~each reporting period.

Interest Income,

Three Months Ended September 30, $
Change %
Change Nine Months Ended September 30, $
Change %
Change
2020 2019 2020 2019
(In thousands, except %)
Interest income $ 322 $ 387 $ (65) (17) % $ 2,005 $ 1,137 $ 868 76 %

net


	Three Months Ended September 30,				$ Change		% Change		Nine Months Ended September 30,				$ Change		% Change
	2021		2020						2021		2020
	(In thousands, except %)
Interest income, net	$	234	$	313	$	(79)	(25)	%	$	766	$	1,979	$	(1,213)	(61)	%

Interest income decreased by $0.1 million, or ~~17%~~25%, to $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 from $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2020 from $0.4~~2020.

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Interest income decreased by $1.2 million, or 61%, to $0.8 million for the ~~three~~nine months ended September 30, ~~2019.~~ 2021 from $2.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

The ~~decrease was~~decreases were primarily due to significant reductions in interest rates offered for cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash being held in an interest-bearing accounts.

~~Interest~~Other Income, net

The changes in other income ~~increased by $0.9 million, or 76%, to $2.0 million~~ for the three months and nine months ended September 30, ~~2020~~2021 from $1.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was primarily due to increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash related to the proceeds of the Virgin Galactic Business Combination and subsequent common stock offering, which are being held in an interest-bearing accounts, whose interest rates offered have reduced significantly in 2020.

~~Interest Expense~~

~~The increase in interest expense for~~ the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 ~~was~~were not ~~material and attributable to our finance lease obligations.~~

~~Other Income~~

The decrease in other income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 from the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was not material and is primarily attributable to the net unrealized losses on marketable securities.material.

Income Tax ~~(Benefit) Expense~~(Expense) Benefit

Income tax ~~expense~~(expense) benefit was immaterial for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019.~~2020. We have accumulated net operating losses at the federal and state level as we have not yet started commercial operations. We maintain a substantially full valuation allowance against our net U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets. The income tax expenses shown above are primarily related to minimum state filing fees in the states where we have operations as well as corporate income taxes for our operations in the United Kingdom, which operates on a cost-plus arrangement.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Prior to the consummation of the Virgin Galactic Business Combination, our operations historically participated in cash management and funding arrangements managed by Vieco 10 and GV. Only cash and cash equivalents held in bank accounts legally owned by entities dedicated to us are reflected in the ~~condensed consolidated balance sheets~~Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Cash and cash equivalents held in bank accounts legally owned by Vieco 10 and GV were not directly attributable to us for any of the periods presented. Transfers of cash, both to and from Vieco 10 and GV by us have been reflected as a component of net parent investment and membership equity in the ~~condensed consolidated balance sheets~~Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and as a financing activity on the accompanying ~~condensed consolidated statements~~Condensed Consolidated Statements of ~~cash flows~~Cash Flows.

As of September 30, ~~2020,~~2021, we had cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of ~~$755 million.~~$720.6 million and $286.1 million in marketable securities. From the time of our inception to the consummation of the Virgin Galactic Business Combination, we financed our operations and capital expenditures through cash flows financed by Vieco 10 and GV. Our principal sources of liquidity following the Virgin Galactic Business Combination have been from the October 2019 investment by an entity affiliated with the Boeing Company and sales of our ~~August 2020 sale of~~ common stock.

As noted in Note 11 in our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we completed the ATM, generating $500 million in net proceeds, through the sale of 13,740,433 shares of common stock. We intend to use the net proceeds generated from the ATM for general corporate purposes, including working capital, general and administrative matters and capital expenditures for our manufacturing capabilities, development of our spaceship fleet and other infrastructure improvements.

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Historical Cash Flows

Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2020 2019
(In thousands)
Net cash (used in) provided by
Operating activities $ (162,589) $ (128,286)
Investing activities (14,135) (13,680)
Financing activities 438,846 146,064
Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 262,122 $ 4,098


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020
			(As restated)
	(In thousands)
Net cash (used in) provided by
Operating activities	(165,637)		$	(163,063)
Investing activities	(288,584)		(13,661)
Financing activities	495,909		438,846
Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	41,688	$	262,122

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was ~~$163~~$165.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2020,~~2021, primarily consisting of ~~$199.4~~$272.1 million of net losses, adjusted for non-cash items, which primarily included depreciation and amortization expense of ~~$7.4~~$8.6 million, ~~and~~ stock based compensation expense of ~~$18.6~~$48.7 million, and change in fair value of warrants of $34.7 million, as well as ~~a $10.8~~$14.5 million of cash ~~consumed by~~provided from working capital.

Net cash used in operating activities was ~~$128.3~~$163.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2019,~~2020, primarily consisting of ~~$138.1~~$540.8 million of net losses, adjusted for ~~certain~~ non-cash items, which primarily included depreciation and amortization expense of ~~$4.9~~$7.0 million, stock based compensation expense of $18.6 million, and change in fair value of warrants of $341.8 million, as well as ~~$5.3~~a $10.3 million ofincrease in cash ~~consumed~~provided by working capital.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was ~~$14.1~~$288.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, driven by the purchase of $286 million in marketable securities, as well as the completion of construction activities at the Gateway to Space facility and purchases of IT infrastructure and tooling and manufacturing equipment

Net cash used in investing activities was $13.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily consisting of construction activities at the Gateway to Space facility, IT infrastructure purchases, and the purchase of tooling and manufacturing equipment.

Financing Activities

Net cash ~~used in investing~~provided by financing activities was ~~$13.7~~$495.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2019,~~2021, consisting primarily ~~consisting~~ of ~~purchases~~cash received from sale and issuance of ~~tooling~~common stock, offset by tax withholdings for stock options exercised and ~~manufacturing equipment, construction activities at the Gateway to Space facility, including main hangar construction, and purchasing~~settlement of ~~furniture and fixtures, as well as construction relating to spaceflight systems fueling facilities.~~vested restricted stock units.

~~Financing Activities~~

Net cash used in financing activities was ~~$439~~$438.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, consisting primarily of cash received from sale and issuance of common stock offset by professional and other fees related to financing transaction costs.

~~Net cash provided by financing activities was $146.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, consisting primarily of equity contributions received from Vieco 10.~~

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Funding Requirements

We expect our expenses to increase substantially in connection with our ongoing activities, particularly as we continue to advance the development of our spaceflight system and the commercialization of our human spaceflight operations. In addition, we expect cost of revenue to increase significantly as we commence commercial operations and add additional spaceships to our operating fleet.

Specifically, our operating expenses will increase as we:

•scale up our manufacturing processes and capabilities to support expanding our fleet with additional spaceships, carrier aircraft and rocket motors upon commercialization;

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•pursue further research and development on our future human spaceflights, including those related to our research and education efforts, ~~high speed~~supersonic and hypersonic point-to-point ~~travel and orbital spaceflight;~~travel;

•hire additional personnel in research and development, manufacturing operations, testing programs, maintenance operations and ~~maintenance~~guest services as we increase the volume of our spaceflights upon commercialization;

•seek regulatory approval for any changes, upgrades or improvements to our spaceflight technologies and operations in the future, especially upon commercialization;

•maintain, expand and protect our intellectual property portfolio; and

•hire additional personnel in management to support the expansion of our operational, financial, information technology, and other areas to support our operations as a public company.

~~Changing~~Although we believe that our current capital is adequate to sustain our operations for a period of time, changing circumstances may cause us to consume capital significantly faster than we currently anticipate, and we may need to spend more money than currently expected because of circumstances beyond our control.

Additionally, we are in the final phases of developing our commercial spaceflight program. While we anticipate initial commercial launch with a single ~~SpaceShipTwo,~~Spaceship, we currently have two additional ~~SpaceShipTwo~~Spaceship vehicles under ~~construction and expect the direct costs to complete these two vehicles to be in the range of $35 million to $55 million.~~construction. We anticipate the costs to manufacture additional vehicles will begin to decrease as we continue to scale up our manufacturing processes and capabilities. Until we ~~have achieved~~achieve technological feasibility with our spaceflight systems, we will not capitalize expenditures incurred to construct any additional components of our spaceflight systems and we will continue to expense these costs as incurred to research and development.

The commercial launch of our human spaceflight program and the anticipated expansion of our fleet have unpredictable costs and are subject to significant risks, uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control, that may affect the timing and magnitude of these anticipated expenditures.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Except as set forth in Note 1615, Commitments and Contingencies, of the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, there have been no material changes outside the ordinary course of business to our contractual obligations and commitments as described in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our ~~Annual Report on~~Amendment No. 2 to Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, ~~2019.~~2020, filed with the SEC on May 10, 2021.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not engage in any off-balance sheet activities or have any arrangements or relationships with unconsolidated entities, such as variable interest, special purpose, and structured finance entities.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures requires us to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, costs and expenses and related disclosures. We believe that the estimates,

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assumptions and judgments involved in the accounting policies described below have the greatest potential impact on our financial statements and, therefore, we consider these to be our critical accounting policies. Accordingly, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions. Please refer to Note 2 in our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information about these critical accounting policies, as well as a description of our other significant accounting policies.

~~Revenue Recognition~~

We have yet to undertake our first commercial spaceflight for paying private individuals and consequently have not generated any human spaceflight revenue. In December 2018 and February 2019, we successfully carried payloads into space and accordingly recognized revenue related to these spaceflights. Additionally, we have one fixed-price contract with NASA to carry payloads into space.

For the three months and nine months period ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, we recognized revenue when delivery of our obligations to our customer has occurred, the collection of the relevant receivable is probable, persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, and the sales price is fixed or determinable. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received excluding discounts, rebates, value added tax, and other sales taxes or duty. Cash payments for spaceflights are classified as customer deposits until persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists. Revenues from spaceflight is recognized when spaceflight service has been delivered. Revenue from engineering services is recognized on a time-and-materials basis for direct labor hours incurred at fixed hourly rates.

~~Inventories~~

Inventories consist of raw materials expected to be used for the development of the human spaceflight program and customer specific contracts. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. If events or changes in circumstances indicate that the utility of our inventories have diminished through damage, deterioration, obsolescence, changes in price or other causes, a loss is recognized in the period in which it occurs. We capitalize labor, material, subcontractor and overhead costs as work-in-process for contracts where control has not yet passed to the customer. In addition, we capitalize costs incurred to fulfill a contract in inventories in advance of contract award as work-in-process if we determine that contract award is probable. We determine the costs of other product and supply inventories by using the first-in first-out or average cost methods.

~~Research and Development~~

We conduct research and development activities to develop existing and future technologies that advance our spaceflight system towards commercialization. Research and development activities include basic research, applied research, concept formulation studies, design, development, and related test program activities. Costs incurred for developing our spaceflight system and flight profiles primarily include equipment, material, and labor hours. Costs incurred for performing test flights primarily include rocket motors, fuel, and payroll and benefits for pilots and ground crew. Research and development costs also include rent, maintenance, and depreciation of facilities and equipment and other allocated overhead expenses. We expense all research and development costs as incurred. Once we have achieved technological feasibility, we will capitalize the costs to construct any additional components of our spaceflight systems.

~~Income Taxes~~

Prior to the Virgin Galactic Business Combination, we adopted the separate return approach for the purpose of presenting the combined financial statements, including the income tax provisions and the related deferred tax assets and liabilities. Our historic operations reflect a separate return approach for each jurisdiction in which we had a presence and GV filed a tax return. Following the Virgin Galactic Business Combination, we will file our own tax returns.

We record income tax expense for the anticipated tax consequences of the reported results of operations using the asset and liability method. Under this method, we recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities, as well as for operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates that are expected to apply to taxable income for the years in which those tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. We record valuation allowances to reduce our deferred tax assets to the net amount that we believe is more likely than not to be realized. Our assessment considers the recognition of deferred tax assets on a jurisdictional basis. Accordingly, in assessing its futureRecent Accounting Pronouncements

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taxable income on a jurisdictional basis, we consider the effect of our transfer pricing policies on that income. We have placed a valuation allowance against U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets since the recovery of the assets is uncertain.

We recognize tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only if we believe that it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. As we grow, we will face increased complexity in determining the appropriate tax jurisdictions for revenue and expense items. We adjust these reserves when facts and circumstances change, such as the closing of a tax audit or refinement of an estimate. To the extent that the final tax outcome of these matters is different than the amounts recorded, such differences will affect the income tax expense in the period in which such determination is made and could have a material impact on our financial condition and operating results. The income tax expense includes the effects of any accruals that we believe are appropriate, as well as the related net interest and penalties.

We have not yet started commercial operations and as such we are accumulating net operating losses at the federal and state levels, which are reflected in the income tax provision section of the balance sheet. The presented income tax expenses in these statements are primarily related to minimum state filing fees in the states where we have operations as well as corporate income taxes for our operations in the United Kingdom, which operates on a cost-plus arrangement and therefore incurs income tax expenses.

~~Stock-Based Compensation~~

Vieco 10 granted options with performance conditions and service requirements. Compensation cost is recognized if it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved. The performance conditions restrict exercisability or settlement until certain liquidity events occur, such as a qualifying initial public offering or change in control. No accrual has been recorded as none of the performance conditions have been achieved nor deemed probable of being achieved.

In connection with the Virgin Galactic Business Combination, our board of directors and stockholders adopted the 2019 Incentive Award Plan (the "2019 Plan"). Pursuant to the 2019 Plan, up to 21,208,755 shares of common stock have been reserved for issuance to employees, consultants and directors. Please refer to ~~Note 14~~ ~~in our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information regarding stock-based compensation.~~

~~Cash Incentive Plan~~

Some of our employees participate in a multiyear cash incentive plan (the “Cash Incentive Plan”) to provide cash bonuses based on the attainment of three qualifying milestones with defined target dates. The maximum aggregate amount of cash awards under the Cash Incentive Plan is $30.0 million. Compensation cost is recognized if it is probable that a milestone will be achieved.

On October 25, 2019, the second qualifying milestone under the VG Companies' multiyear cash incentive plan was amended such that the participants who remained continuously employed by us are entitled to receive 100% of the bonus that such participant would have otherwise received upon the achievement of the original second qualifying milestone. We recognized the $9.9 million in compensation costs owed to participants for the second qualifying milestone and such amount was paid on November 8, 2019.

~~Recent Accounting Pronouncements~~

Please refer to Note 3 in our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a description of recently adopted accounting pronouncements and recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted as of the date of this ~~report.~~Quarterly Report.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We have operations within the United States and the United Kingdom and as such we are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business, including the effects of interest rate changes and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. We are also exposed to market risk from changes in our stock prices, which impact the fair value of our warrant liability. Information relating to quantitative and qualitative disclosures about these market risks is set forth below.

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Interest Rate Risk

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash consist solely of cash held in depository accounts and as such are not affected by either an increase or decrease in interest rates. We consider all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less as cash equivalents. As of September 30, ~~2020,~~2021, we had ~~$755~~$720.6 million deposits held primarily in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, which includes ~~$730.4~~$702.6 million in cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are short term investments and would not be significantly impacted by changes in the interest rates. We believe that a 10% increase or decrease in interest rates would not have a material effect on our interest income or expense.

Foreign Currency Risk

The functional currency of our operations in the United Kingdom is the local currency. We translate the financial statements of the operations in the United Kingdom to United States Dollars and as such we are exposed to foreign currency risk. Currently, we do not use foreign currency forward contracts to manage exchange rate risk, as the amount subject to foreign currency risk is not material to our overall operations and results.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

~~Background and~~ Remediation of Material Weakness in Internal Control

~~In connection with~~During the ~~audit~~quarter, management completed the implementation of our ~~consolidated financial statements~~remediation efforts of the material weakness related to accounting for warrants issued as part of ~~and for~~ the ~~years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, we identified two material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting.~~Virgin Galactic Business Combination as previously reported. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

~~The first material weakness is related~~Our remediation efforts included requiring the formalized consideration of obtaining additional technical guidance prior to the lack of a sufficient number of personnel to execute, review and approve all aspects of the financial statement close and reporting process. This material weakness may not allow for us to have proper segregation of duties and the ability to close our books and records and report our results, including required disclosures,concluding on ~~a timely basis. The second material weakness arises from the need to augment our information technology and application controls in our financial reporting.~~

We continue to focus on the design and implementation of processes and procedures to improve our internal control over financial reporting and remediate our material weaknesses. We have already expanded our governance and risk management leadership by hiring an executive in charge of our efforts to complysignificant or unusual transactions. These additional considerations include items such as obtaining additional accounting pronouncements or performing consultations with ~~the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Our additional planned activities include:~~

•~~designing and implementing additional review procedures to include more comprehensive documentation and formalization of internal control operations;~~

•~~recruiting additional personnel, in addition to utilizing~~ third party ~~consultants, to more effectively segregate key functions within our business and financial reporting process;~~

•~~designing and implementing information technology general controls and business process application controls in our financial systems to support our information processing objectives;~~

•~~enhancing our financial system's security role definition, and implementing workflow controls, to improve the reliability of our systems process and related reporting; and~~

•~~implementing additional integration in our financially significant systems to reduce the amount of manual intervention in our internal controls and financial reporting process.~~

While these actions, and others, are subject to ongoing management evaluation, including the validation and testing of internal controls over a sustained period of financial reporting cycles, we are committed to remediating internal controls deficiencies as they are identified and committed to the continuous improvement of our overall controls environment.

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accounting specialists, authoritative bodies or regulators.

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange ~~Act)~~Act of 1934), management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of September 30, ~~2020,~~2021, our disclosure controls and procedures wereeffective at the reasonable assurance level.

However, after giving full consideration to the material weaknesses referenced above, and the additional analyses and other procedures that we performed to ensure that our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, our management has concluded that our condensed consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods disclosed in conformity with U.S. GAAP.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

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Other than described above in this Item 4, there ~~has been~~were no ~~change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act)~~changes that occurred during the ~~three months ended September 30, 2020~~third quarter of 2021 that ~~has~~have materially affected, or isare reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are from time to time subject to various claims, lawsuits and other legal and administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Some of these claims, lawsuits and other proceedings may involve highly complex issues that are subject to substantial uncertainties, and could result in damages, fines, penalties, non-monetary sanctions or relief. However, we do not consider any such claims, lawsuits or proceedings that are currently pending, including the matter described under Item 1A., Risk Factors in this Quarterly Report,individually or in the aggregate, to be material to our business or likely to result in a material adverse effect on our future operating results, financial condition or cash flows.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our business, financial condition and operating results can be affected by a number of factors, whether current known or unknown, including but not limited to those described as risk factors, any one or more of which could, directly or indirectly, cause our actual operating results and financial condition to vary materially from past, or anticipated future, operating results and financial condition. For a discussion of our potential risks and uncertainties, in addition to the risk factor included below, see the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A. "Risk Factors" of our Amendment No. 2 to Form 10-K and in Part II, Item ~~1A.~~IA. "Risk Factors" of our Quarterly Report on F ~~orm~~Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, ~~2020~~,2021, which risk factor section is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits

The following documents are filed as part of this report:

(1) Exhibits. The following exhibits are filed, furnished or incorporated by reference as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit No. Exhibit Description Form File No. Exhibit Filing Date Filed/Furnished Herewith
2.1(1)
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated July 9, 2019, by and among the Registrant, Vieco 10 Limited, Foundation Sub 1, Inc., Foundation Sub 2, Inc., Foundation Sub LLC, TSC Vehicle Holdings, Inc., Virgin Galactic Vehicle Holdings, Inc. and Virgin Galactic Holdings, LLC
8-K/A 001-38202 2.1 07/11/2019
2.1(a)(1)
Amendment No. 1 to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated October 2, 2019, by and among the Registrant, Vieco 10 Limited, Foundation Sub 1, Inc., Foundation Sub 2, Inc., Foundation Sub LLC, TSC Vehicle Holdings, Inc., Virgin Galactic Vehicle Holdings, Inc., Virgin Galactic Holdings, LLC and Vieco USA, Inc.
S-4 333-233098 2.1(a) 10/03/2019
3.1
Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant
8-K 001-38202 3.1 10/29/2019
3.2
By-Laws of the Registrant
8-K 001-38202 3.2 10/29/2019
4.1
Specimen Common Stock Certificate of the Registrant
8-K 001-38202 4.2 10/29/2019
10.1
Joinder to Stockholders' Agreement dated July 30, 2020, by and Virgin Investments Limited, Aabar Space, Inc. and the Registrant
8-K 001-38202 99.1 07/31/2020
10.2
Joinder to Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, dated July 30, 2020, by and among Virgin Investments Limited, Aabar Space, Inc. and the Registrant.
8-K 001-38202 99.2 07/31/2020
31.1
Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15(d)-14(a), as adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
*

Incorporated by Reference

Exhibit No.

Exhibit Description

Form

File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

Filed/Furnished Herewith

2.1(1)

Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated July 9, 2019, by and among the Registrant, Vieco 10 Limited, Foundation Sub 1, Inc., Foundation Sub 2, Inc., Foundation Sub LLC, TSC Vehicle Holdings, Inc., Virgin Galactic Vehicle Holdings, Inc. and Virgin Galactic Holdings, LLC

8-K/A

001-38202

2.1

07/11/2019

2.1(a)(1)

Amendment No. 1 to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated October 2, 2019, by and among the Registrant, Vieco 10 Limited, Foundation Sub 1, Inc., Foundation Sub 2, Inc., Foundation Sub LLC, TSC Vehicle Holdings, Inc., Virgin Galactic Vehicle Holdings, Inc., Virgin Galactic Holdings, LLC and Vieco USA, Inc.

S-4

333-233098

2.1(a)

10/03/2019

3.1

Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant

8-K

001-38202

3.1

10/29/2019

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~~Incorporated by Reference~~

~~Exhibit No.~~

~~Exhibit Description~~

~~Form~~

~~File No.~~

~~Exhibit~~

~~Filing Date~~

~~Filed/Furnished Herewith~~

~~31.2~~

~~Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15(d)-14(a), as adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002~~

~~32.1~~

~~Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002~~

~~32.2~~

~~Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002~~

~~101.INS~~

~~Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document~~

~~101.SCH~~

~~Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document~~

~~101.CAL~~

~~Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document~~

~~101.DEF~~

~~Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document~~

~~101.LAB~~

~~Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document~~

~~101.PRE~~

~~Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document~~

~~104~~

~~Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)~~

Incorporated by Reference

Exhibit No.

Exhibit Description

Form

File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

Filed/Furnished Herewith

3.2

By-Laws of the Registrant

8-K

001-38202

3.2

10/29/2019

4.1

Specimen Common Stock Certificate of the Registrant

8-K

001-38202

4.2

10/29/2019

31.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15(d)-14(a), as adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15(d)-14(a), as adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS

Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

101.SCH

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document

101.PRE

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

(1) Schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. The Registrant agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit to the SEC upon request.

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


	Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc.

Date: November ~~5, 2020~~8, 2021		/s/ Michael Colglazier
	Name:	Michael Colglazier
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: November ~~5, 2020~~8, 2021		/s/ ~~Jonathan Campagna~~Douglas Ahrens
	Name:	~~Jonathan Campagna~~Douglas Ahrens
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

4443


			Member's Equity			Preferred Stock			Common Stock
	Net Parent Investment		Units	Member's Capital		# of Shares	Par Value		# of Shares	Par Value		Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	41,477	0	$	0	0	$	0	0	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	82	$	41,559
Net loss	(42,593)		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		(42,593)
Other comprehensive loss	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		10		10
Net transfer from Parent Company	47,445		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		47,445
Balance as of March 31, 2019	46,329		0	0		0	0		0	0		0		0		92		46,421
Net loss	(44,068)		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		(44,068)
Other comprehensive loss	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		(31)		(31)
Net transfer from Parent Company	53,730		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		53,730
Balance as of June 30, 2019	55,991		0	0		0	0		0	0		0		0		61		56,052
Net loss	(2,597)		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(48,878)		—		(51,475)
Other comprehensive loss	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		(58)		(58)
Net transfer from Parent Company	4,944		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		4,944
Conversion from net parent investment to membership equity	(58,338)		100	58,338		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		0
Contribution from Parent Company	—		—	40,000		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		40,000
Balance as of September 30, 2019	$	0	100	$	98,338	0	$	0	0	$	0	$	0	$	(48,878)	$	3	$	49,463


	(In thousands)
2020 (for the remaining period)	$	310
2021	310
2022	310
	$	930


	Shares	Weighted Average Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2019	0	$	0
Granted	1,795,209	7.11
Vested	0	0
Forfeited	(27,495)	7.11
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	1,767,714	$	7.11
Granted	1,579,460	20.29
Vested	(35,000)	22.98
Forfeited	(86,976)	8.34
Outstanding at September 30, 2020	3,225,198	$	19.30


Fair Value Measurements as of September 30, 2020
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(In thousands)
Assets
Money Market	436,227		0		0
Certificate of Deposit	93,772		0		0
Cash Equivalents	200,404		0		0
Total assets at fair value	$	730,403	$	0	$	0

Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2019
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(In thousands)
Assets
Money Market	$	423,149	$	0	$	0
Certificate of Deposit	42,630		0		0
Total asset at fair value	$	465,779	$	0	$	0