UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒						QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023
☐						TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 001-38267

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware						82-1669692
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

6500 Chase Oaks Boulevard, Suite 100, Plano, Texas 75023

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)

(978) 614-8100

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001	RBBN	The Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☐

Accelerated filer

☒

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act) o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No x

As of October ~~21, 2022,~~23, 2023, there were ~~168,123,073~~171,730,757 shares of the registrant's common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, outstanding.

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, ~~2022~~2023

TABLE OF CONTENTS


Item	Item		Page	Item		Page
		Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements	3		Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements	3

PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION	PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION			PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION
1.	1.	Financial Statements		1.	Financial Statements
		Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet s as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (unaudited)	4		Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (unaudited)	4
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Ope rations for the Three and N ine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited)	5		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	5
		Condensed Con solidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the Three and N ine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited)	6		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	6
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited)	7		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	7
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months E nded September 30, 2022 an d 2021 (unaudited)	9		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	9
		Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	11		Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	11
2.	2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	38	2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	37
3.	3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	52	3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	51
4.	4.	Controls and Procedures	52	4.	Controls and Procedures	51

PART II OTHER INFORMATION	PART II OTHER INFORMATION			PART II OTHER INFORMATION
1.	1.	Legal Proceedings	53	1.	Legal Proceedings	52
1A.	1A.	Risk Factors	53	1A.	Risk Factors	52
2.	2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	53	2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	53
5.	5.	Other Information	53	5.	Other Information	53
6.	6.	Exhibits	54	6.	Exhibits	54
		Signatures	55		Signatures	55

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including statements regarding impacts from the terrorist attacks in Israel and the resulting war, our future expenses and restructuring activities, results of operations and financial position, ~~integration activities,~~ capital structure, credit facility compliance, ~~restructuring activities,~~ expected impacts from the war in Ukraine and the financial sanctions and trade restrictions imposed in connection therewith, ~~expected impacts of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic,~~ beliefs about our business strategy, availability of components for the manufacturing of our products, ~~expected benefits from our acquisition of ECI Telecom Group Ltd. ("ECI"),~~ ongoing litigation, plans and objectives of management for future operations and manufacturing are forward-looking statements. Without limiting the foregoing, the words "anticipates", "believes", "could", "estimates", "expects", "intends", "may", "plans", "seeks" and other similar language, whether in the negative or affirmative, are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are unknown and/or difficult to predict and that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to,supply chain disruptions resulting from component availability and/or geopolitical instabilities and disputes (including those related to the ~~war~~wars in Israel and Ukraine); ~~litigation; risks related to~~ the ~~ongoing COVID-19 pandemic~~closure, on the global economy and financial markets as well as us, our customers and suppliers, which may impact our sales, gross margin, customer demand and our ability to supply our products to our customers; failure to realize anticipated benefitsa temporary basis, of our ~~acquisition~~offices in Israel as a result of ~~ECI;~~the war and the impact of military call-ups of our employees in Israel; material litigation; unpredictable fluctuations in quarterly revenue and operating results; the impact onof fluctuations in interest rates; the impact of fluctuations of our EBITDA on compliance under our credit facility; ~~risks related to~~material cybersecurity and data ~~intrusion;~~intrusion incidents, including any security breaches resulting in the theft, transfer, or unauthorized disclosure of customer, employee, or company information; our ability to comply with applicable domestic and foreign information security and privacy laws, regulations and technology platform rules or other obligations related to data privacy and security; failure to compete successfully against telecommunications equipment and networking companies; failure to grow our customer base or generate recurring business from our existing customers; credit risks; the timing of customer purchasing decisions and our recognition of revenues; macroeconomic conditions, including inflation; the impact of restructuring and cost-containment activities; our ability to adapt to rapid technological and market ~~change;~~changes; our ability to generate positive returns on our research and development; our ability to protect our intellectual property rights and obtain necessary licenses; our ability to maintain partner, reseller, distribution and vendor support and supply relationships; the potential for defects in our products; risks related to the terms of our credit agreement; higher risks in international operations and markets; increases in tariffs, trade restrictions or taxes on our products; currency fluctuations; unanticipated adverse changes in legal, regulatory or tax laws; future accounting pronouncements or changes in our accounting policies;and/or failure or circumvention of our controls and procedures. We therefore caution you against relying on any of these forward-looking statements.

Additional important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in these forward-looking statements are also discussed in Part I, Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and Part I, Item 1A and Part II, Item 7A, "Risk Factors" and "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk," respectively, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022 and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2023. Any forward-looking statement made by us in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q speaks only as of the date on which this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q was first filed. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.

PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)


		September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021			September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets	Assets					Assets
Current assets:	Current assets:					Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	$	55,670	$	103,915	Cash and cash equivalents	$	24,501	$	67,262
Restricted cash		265		2,570

Accounts receivable, net	Accounts receivable, net	237,834		282,917		Accounts receivable, net	242,183		267,244
Inventory	Inventory	70,286		54,043		Inventory	70,184		75,423

Other current assets	Other current assets	58,344		37,545		Other current assets	53,620		68,057
Total current assets	Total current assets	422,399		480,990		Total current assets	390,488		477,986
Property and equipment, net	Property and equipment, net	46,166		47,685		Property and equipment, net	42,319		44,832
Intangible assets, net	Intangible assets, net	309,697		350,730		Intangible assets, net	251,053		294,728
Goodwill	Goodwill	300,892		300,892		Goodwill	300,892		300,892
Investments		—		43,931
Deferred income taxes	Deferred income taxes	57,273		47,287		Deferred income taxes	63,422		53,649
Operating lease right-of-use assets	Operating lease right-of-use assets	48,079		53,147		Operating lease right-of-use assets	39,167		44,888
Other assets	Other assets	40,129		23,075		Other assets	34,274		38,589
		$	1,224,635	$	1,347,737		$	1,121,615	$	1,255,564
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity					Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:	Current liabilities:					Current liabilities:
Current portion of term debt	Current portion of term debt	$	20,058	$	20,058	Current portion of term debt	$	30,087	$	20,058

Revolving credit facility						Revolving credit facility	10,000		—
Accounts payable	Accounts payable	73,018		97,121		Accounts payable	73,873		95,810
Accrued expenses and other	Accrued expenses and other	99,261		100,752		Accrued expenses and other	89,076		85,270
Operating lease liabilities	Operating lease liabilities	15,617		17,403		Operating lease liabilities	14,901		15,416
Deferred revenue	Deferred revenue	90,139		109,119		Deferred revenue	107,536		113,939

Total current liabilities	Total current liabilities	298,093		344,453		Total current liabilities	325,473		330,493
Long-term debt, net of current	Long-term debt, net of current	310,770		350,217		Long-term debt, net of current	206,908		306,270

Warrant liability						Warrant liability	5,052		—
Preferred stock liability, $0.01 par value per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized, 55,000 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 ($56,650 liquidation preference); none issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022						Preferred stock liability, $0.01 par value per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized, 55,000 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 ($56,650 liquidation preference); none issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022	49,855		—
Operating lease liabilities, net of current	Operating lease liabilities, net of current	49,137		55,196		Operating lease liabilities, net of current	38,282		46,183
Deferred revenue, net of current	Deferred revenue, net of current	22,185		20,619		Deferred revenue, net of current	17,865		19,254
Deferred income taxes	Deferred income taxes	11,679		8,116		Deferred income taxes	3,729		3,750

Other long-term liabilities	Other long-term liabilities	43,602		41,970		Other long-term liabilities	30,523		31,187
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	735,466		820,571		Total liabilities	677,687		737,137
Commitments and contingencies (Note 17)
Commitments and contingencies (Note 19)						Commitments and contingencies (Note 19)
Stockholders' equity:	Stockholders' equity:					Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding		—		—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value per share; 240,000,000 shares authorized; 168,093,446 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2022; 148,895,308 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2021		17		15
Common stock, $0.0001 par value per share; 240,000,000 shares authorized; 171,417,372 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023; 168,324,995 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022						Common stock, $0.0001 par value per share; 240,000,000 shares authorized; 171,417,372 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023; 168,324,995 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022	17		17
Additional paid-in capital	Additional paid-in capital	1,936,457		1,875,234		Additional paid-in capital	1,954,586		1,941,569
Accumulated deficit	Accumulated deficit	(1,474,232)		(1,355,661)		Accumulated deficit	(1,527,029)		(1,453,744)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	Accumulated other comprehensive income	26,927		7,578		Accumulated other comprehensive income	16,354		30,585
Total stockholders' equity	Total stockholders' equity	489,169		527,166		Total stockholders' equity	443,928		518,427
		$	1,224,635	$	1,347,737		$	1,121,615	$	1,255,564

See notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)


		Three months ended				Nine months ended					Three months ended				Nine months ended
		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021			September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Revenue:	Revenue:									Revenue:
Product	Product	$	111,152	$	111,726	$	305,809	$	322,744	Product	$	108,501	$	111,152	$	319,166	$	305,809
Service	Service	95,975		98,672		280,312		291,636		Service	94,660		95,975		280,772		280,312
Total revenue	Total revenue	207,127		210,398		586,121		614,380		Total revenue	203,161		207,127		599,938		586,121
Cost of revenue:	Cost of revenue:									Cost of revenue:
Product	Product	59,866		53,494		169,226		144,580		Product	59,436		59,866		189,426		169,226
Service	Service	35,175		36,576		106,049		110,498		Service	33,065		35,175		102,152		106,049
Amortization of acquired technology	Amortization of acquired technology	7,768		9,674		23,923		29,435		Amortization of acquired technology	7,157		7,768		21,985		23,923
Total cost of revenue	Total cost of revenue	102,809		99,744		299,198		284,513		Total cost of revenue	99,658		102,809		313,563		299,198
Gross profit	Gross profit	104,318		110,654		286,923		329,867		Gross profit	103,503		104,318		286,375		286,923
Operating expenses:	Operating expenses:									Operating expenses:
Research and development	Research and development	49,366		49,132		153,159		143,339		Research and development	46,229		49,366		145,309		153,159
Sales and marketing	Sales and marketing	36,365		36,113		109,827		108,212		Sales and marketing	32,795		36,365		102,099		109,827
General and administrative	General and administrative	12,118		12,148		37,881		40,435		General and administrative	12,885		12,118		41,276		37,881
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	Amortization of acquired intangible assets	7,508		7,547		22,296		20,790		Amortization of acquired intangible assets	7,216		7,508		21,740		22,296
Acquisition-, disposal- and integration-related	Acquisition-, disposal- and integration-related	988		1,955		4,372		4,204		Acquisition-, disposal- and integration-related	842		988		2,982		4,372
Restructuring and related	Restructuring and related	1,269		1,767		8,977		10,547		Restructuring and related	2,680		1,269		13,924		8,977
Total operating expenses	Total operating expenses	107,614		108,662		336,512		327,527		Total operating expenses	102,647		107,614		327,330		336,512
(Loss) income from operations		(3,296)		1,992		(49,589)		2,340
Income (loss) from operations										Income (loss) from operations	856		(3,296)		(40,955)		(49,589)
Interest expense, net	Interest expense, net	(5,266)		(2,969)		(13,869)		(11,836)		Interest expense, net	(7,143)		(5,266)		(20,331)		(13,869)
Other expense, net	Other expense, net	(3,732)		(57,702)		(42,760)		(65,970)		Other expense, net	(2,620)		(3,732)		(536)		(42,760)
Loss before income taxes	Loss before income taxes	(12,294)		(58,679)		(106,218)		(75,466)		Loss before income taxes	(8,907)		(12,294)		(61,822)		(106,218)
Income tax provision	Income tax provision	(6,122)		(752)		(12,353)		(5,411)		Income tax provision	(4,594)		(6,122)		(11,463)		(12,353)
Net loss	Net loss	$	(18,416)	$	(59,431)	$	(118,571)	$	(80,877)	Net loss	$	(13,501)	$	(18,416)	$	(73,285)	$	(118,571)
Loss per share:	Loss per share:									Loss per share:
Basic	Basic	$	(0.12)	$	(0.40)	$	(0.78)	$	(0.55)	Basic	$	(0.08)	$	(0.12)	$	(0.43)	$	(0.78)
Diluted	Diluted	$	(0.12)	$	(0.40)	$	(0.78)	$	(0.55)	Diluted	$	(0.08)	$	(0.12)	$	(0.43)	$	(0.78)
Weighted average shares used to compute loss per share:	Weighted average shares used to compute loss per share:									Weighted average shares used to compute loss per share:
Basic	Basic	158,921		148,184		152,795		147,204		Basic	171,190		158,921		169,955		152,795
Diluted	Diluted	158,921		148,184		152,795		147,204		Diluted	171,190		158,921		169,955		152,795

See notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(in thousands)

(unaudited)


		Three months ended				Nine months ended					Three months ended				Nine months ended
		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021			September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Net loss	Net loss	$	(18,416)	$	(59,431)	$	(118,571)	$	(80,877)	Net loss	$	(13,501)	$	(18,416)	$	(73,285)	$	(118,571)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:	Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:									Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Unrealized gain on interest rate swap		1,726		860		21,248		7,324
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swap, net of reclassifications and amortization into earnings										Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swap, net of reclassifications and amortization into earnings	(1,322)		1,726		(8,544)		21,248
Reclassification of gain to other expense, net upon sale of interest rate swap										Reclassification of gain to other expense, net upon sale of interest rate swap	—		—		(5,099)		—
Foreign currency translation adjustments	Foreign currency translation adjustments	(144)		193		(1,157)		(207)		Foreign currency translation adjustments	(3)		(144)		(588)		(1,157)

Employee retirement benefits	Employee retirement benefits	142		—		(742)		—		Employee retirement benefits	—		142		—		(742)

Other comprehensive income, net of tax		1,724		1,053		19,349		7,117
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax										Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(1,325)		1,724		(14,231)		19,349
Comprehensive loss, net of tax	Comprehensive loss, net of tax	$	(16,692)	$	(58,378)	$	(99,222)	$	(73,760)	Comprehensive loss, net of tax	$	(14,826)	$	(16,692)	$	(87,516)	$	(99,222)

See notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

~~RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.~~

~~Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity~~

~~(in thousands, except shares)~~

~~(unaudited)~~

Three months ended September 30, 2022
Accumulated
Additional other Total
Common stock paid-in Accumulated comprehensive stockholders'
Shares Amount capital deficit income equity
Balance at July 1, 2022 150,459,784 $ 15 $ 1,881,942 $ (1,455,816) $ 25,203 $ 451,344
Exercise of stock options 353 1 1
Vesting of restricted stock units 800,999 —
Vesting of performance-based stock units 3,433 —
Shares of restricted stock returned to the Company under net share settlements to satisfy tax withholding obligations (242,434) (738) (738)
Common stock issued in equity offering 17,071,311 2 52,065 52,067
Issuance costs related to equity offering (1,654) (1,654)
Stock-based compensation expense 4,841 4,841
Other comprehensive income 1,724 1,724
Net loss (18,416) (18,416)
Balance at September 30, 2022 168,093,446 $ 17 $ 1,936,457 $ (1,474,232) $ 26,927 $ 489,169

Nine months ended September 30, 2022
Accumulated
Additional other Total
Common stock paid-in Accumulated comprehensive stockholders'
Shares Amount capital deficit income equity
Balance at January 1, 2022 148,895,308 $ 15 $ 1,875,234 $ (1,355,661) $ 7,578 $ 527,166
Exercise of stock options 708 1 1
Vesting of restricted stock units 2,808,137 —
Vesting of performance-based stock units 179,184 —
Shares of restricted stock returned to the Company under net share settlements to satisfy tax withholding obligations (861,202) (2,684) (2,684)
Common stock issued in equity offering 17,071,311 2 52,065 52,067
Issuance costs related to equity offering (1,654) (1,654)
Stock-based compensation expense 13,495 13,495
Other comprehensive income 19,349 19,349
Net loss (118,571) (118,571)
Balance at September 30, 2022 168,093,446 $ 17 $ 1,936,457 $ (1,474,232) $ 26,927 $ 489,169

~~See notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.~~

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity

(in thousands, except shares)

(unaudited)

Three months ended September 30, 2021
Accumulated
Additional other Total
Common stock paid-in Accumulated comprehensive stockholders'
Shares Amount capital deficit income equity
Balance at July 1, 2021 148,057,301 $ 15 $ 1,868,066 $ (1,199,922) $ 1,122 $ 669,281
Exercise of stock options 213 —
Vesting of restricted stock awards and units 855,440 —
Shares of restricted stock returned to the Company under net share settlements to satisfy tax withholding obligations (299,125) (1,916) (1,916)
Stock-based compensation expense 4,561 4,561
Other comprehensive income 1,053 1,053
Net loss (59,431) (59,431)
Balance at September 30, 2021 148,613,829 $ 15 $ 1,870,711 $ (1,259,353) $ 2,175 $ 613,548



Three months ended September 30, 2023
								Accumulated
				Additional				other		Total
	Common stock			paid-in		Accumulated		comprehensive		stockholders'
	Shares	Amount		capital		deficit		(loss) income		equity
Balance at July 1, 2023	170,958,400	$	17	$	1,950,079	$	(1,513,528)	$	17,679	$	454,247
Exercise of stock options	6,899			13						13
Vesting of restricted stock awards and units	612,818									—
Vesting of performance-based stock units										—
Shares of restricted stock returned to the Company under net share settlements to satisfy tax withholding obligations	(160,745)			(456)						(456)
Stock-based compensation expense				4,950						4,950
Other comprehensive loss								(1,325)		(1,325)
Net loss						(13,501)				(13,501)
Balance at September 30, 2023	171,417,372	$	17	$	1,954,586	$	(1,527,029)	$	16,354	$	443,928


Nine months ended September 30, 2021

Nine months ended September 30, 2023													Nine months ended September 30, 2023
									Accumulated												Accumulated
					Additional				other		Total						Additional				other		Total
		Common stock			paid-in		Accumulated		comprehensive		stockholders'			Common stock			paid-in		Accumulated		comprehensive		stockholders'
		Shares	Amount		capital		deficit		(loss) income		equity			Shares	Amount		capital		deficit		(loss) income		equity
Balance at January 1, 2021		145,425,248	$	15	$	1,870,256	$	(1,178,476)	$	(4,942)	$	686,853

Balance at January 1, 2023													Balance at January 1, 2023	168,324,995	$	17	$	1,941,569	$	(1,453,744)	$	30,585	$	518,427
Exercise of stock options	Exercise of stock options	13,815			24						24		Exercise of stock options	7,816			15						15
Vesting of restricted stock awards and units	Vesting of restricted stock awards and units	3,320,644									—		Vesting of restricted stock awards and units	3,927,390									—
Vesting of performance-based stock units	Vesting of performance-based stock units	1,525,681									—		Vesting of performance-based stock units	381,071									—
Shares of restricted stock returned to the Company under net share settlements to satisfy tax withholding obligations	Shares of restricted stock returned to the Company under net share settlements to satisfy tax withholding obligations	(1,671,559)			(13,980)						(13,980)		Shares of restricted stock returned to the Company under net share settlements to satisfy tax withholding obligations	(1,223,900)			(3,912)						(3,912)

Stock-based compensation expense	Stock-based compensation expense				14,411						14,411		Stock-based compensation expense				16,914						16,914
Other comprehensive income									7,117		7,117
Other comprehensive loss													Other comprehensive loss								(14,231)		(14,231)
Net loss	Net loss						(80,877)				(80,877)		Net loss						(73,285)				(73,285)
Balance at September 30, 2021		148,613,829	$	15	$	1,870,711	$	(1,259,353)	$	2,175	$	613,548
Balance at September 30, 2023													Balance at September 30, 2023	171,417,372	$	17	$	1,954,586	$	(1,527,029)	$	16,354	$	443,928

See notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity

(in thousands, except shares)

(unaudited)


Three months ended September 30, 2022
								Accumulated
				Additional				other		Total
	Common stock			paid-in		Accumulated		comprehensive		stockholders'
	Shares	Amount		capital		deficit		income		equity
Balance at July 1, 2022	150,459,784	$	15	$	1,881,942	$	(1,455,816)	$	25,203	$	451,344
Exercise of stock options	353			1						1
Vesting of restricted stock units	800,999									—
Vesting of performance-based stock units	3,433									—
Shares of restricted stock returned to the Company under net share settlements to satisfy tax withholding obligations	(242,434)			(738)						(738)
Common stock issued in equity offering	17,071,311	2		52,065						52,067
Issuance costs related to equity offering				(1,654)						(1,654)
Stock-based compensation expense				4,841						4,841
Other comprehensive income								1,724		1,724
Net loss						(18,416)				(18,416)
Balance at September 30, 2022	168,093,446	$	17	$	1,936,457	$	(1,474,232)	$	26,927	$	489,169


Nine months ended September 30, 2022
								Accumulated
				Additional				other		Total
	Common stock			paid-in		Accumulated		comprehensive		stockholders'
	Shares	Amount		capital		deficit		income		equity
Balance at January 1, 2022	148,895,308	$	15	$	1,875,234	$	(1,355,661)	$	7,578	$	527,166
Exercise of stock options	708			1						1
Vesting of restricted stock units	2,808,137									—
Vesting of performance-based stock units	179,184									—
Shares of restricted stock returned to the Company under net share settlements to satisfy tax withholding obligations	(861,202)			(2,684)						(2,684)
Common stock issued in equity offering	17,071,311	2		52,065						52,067
Issuance costs related to equity offering				(1,654)						(1,654)
Stock-based compensation expense				13,495						13,495
Other comprehensive income								19,349		19,349
Net loss						(118,571)				(118,571)
Balance at September 30, 2022	168,093,446	$	17	$	1,936,457	$	(1,474,232)	$	26,927	$	489,169

See notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(unaudited)


		Nine months ended					Nine months ended
		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021			September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:	Cash flows from operating activities:					Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	Net loss	$	(118,571)	$	(80,877)	Net loss	$	(73,285)	$	(118,571)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash flows (used in) provided by operating activities:
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash flows used in operating activities:						Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash flows used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment	Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment	11,688		12,684		Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment	10,603		11,688
Amortization of intangible assets	Amortization of intangible assets	46,219		50,225		Amortization of intangible assets	43,725		46,219
Amortization of debt issuance costs	Amortization of debt issuance costs	1,697		4,227		Amortization of debt issuance costs	2,517		1,697
Amortization of accumulated other comprehensive gain related to interest rate swap						Amortization of accumulated other comprehensive gain related to interest rate swap	(3,818)		—
Stock-based compensation	Stock-based compensation	13,495		14,411		Stock-based compensation	16,914		13,495

Deferred income taxes	Deferred income taxes	(19,071)		(3,295)		Deferred income taxes	(3,617)		(19,071)
Gain on sale of business		—		(2,772)
Decrease in fair value of investments	Decrease in fair value of investments	41,291		64,745		Decrease in fair value of investments	—		41,291

Gain on sale of swap						Gain on sale of swap	(7,301)		—
Change in fair value of warrant liability						Change in fair value of warrant liability	(444)		—
Change in fair value of preferred stock liability						Change in fair value of preferred stock liability	(572)		—
Dividends accrued on preferred stock liability						Dividends accrued on preferred stock liability	2,573		—
Foreign currency exchange losses	Foreign currency exchange losses	830		3,235		Foreign currency exchange losses	1,174		830

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:	Changes in operating assets and liabilities:					Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	Accounts receivable	44,604		1,892		Accounts receivable	31,345		44,604
Inventory	Inventory	(24,002)		253		Inventory	(4,327)		(24,002)
Other operating assets	Other operating assets	6,066		11,303		Other operating assets	27,785		6,066
Accounts payable	Accounts payable	(22,311)		2,194		Accounts payable	(22,276)		(22,311)
Accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities	Accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities	(6,983)		(58,661)		Accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities	(16,255)		(6,983)

Deferred revenue	Deferred revenue	(17,414)		(11,665)		Deferred revenue	(7,793)		(17,414)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities		(42,462)		7,899
Net cash used in operating activities						Net cash used in operating activities	(3,052)		(42,462)
Cash flows from investing activities:	Cash flows from investing activities:					Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	Purchases of property and equipment	(9,744)		(14,279)		Purchases of property and equipment	(6,620)		(9,744)
Purchases of software licenses	Purchases of software licenses	(3,300)		—		Purchases of software licenses	—		(3,300)
Proceeds from sale of business		—		2,944

Net cash used in investing activities	Net cash used in investing activities	(13,044)		(11,335)		Net cash used in investing activities	(6,620)		(13,044)
Cash flows from financing activities:	Cash flows from financing activities:					Cash flows from financing activities:
Borrowings under revolving line of credit	Borrowings under revolving line of credit	58,625		—		Borrowings under revolving line of credit	67,000		58,625
Principal payments on revolving line of credit	Principal payments on revolving line of credit	(58,625)		—		Principal payments on revolving line of credit	(57,000)		(58,625)
Proceeds from issuance of term debt		—		74,625

Principal payments of term debt	Principal payments of term debt	(40,044)		(87,161)		Principal payments of term debt	(90,044)		(40,044)

Principal payments of finance leases	Principal payments of finance leases	(433)		(736)		Principal payments of finance leases	—		(433)
Payment of debt issuance costs	Payment of debt issuance costs	(1,046)		(789)		Payment of debt issuance costs	(1,572)		(1,046)
Proceeds from equity offering	Proceeds from equity offering	52,067		—		Proceeds from equity offering	—		52,067
Payment of equity offering issuance costs	Payment of equity offering issuance costs	(1,654)		—		Payment of equity offering issuance costs	—		(1,654)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock and warrant liabilities						Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock and warrant liabilities	53,350		—
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options	Proceeds from the exercise of stock options	1		24		Proceeds from the exercise of stock options	15		1
Payment of tax withholding obligations related to net share settlements of restricted stock awards		(2,684)		(13,980)

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		6,207		(28,017)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(1,251)		(489)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(50,550)		(31,942)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of year		106,485		135,697
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period		$	55,935	$	103,755

Payment of tax withholding related to net share settlements of restricted stock awards						Payment of tax withholding related to net share settlements of restricted stock awards	(3,912)		(2,684)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities						Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(32,163)		6,207
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents						Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(926)		(1,251)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents						Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(42,761)		(50,550)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year						Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year	67,262		106,485
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period						Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	24,501	$	55,935

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (continued)

(in thousands)

(unaudited)


							Nine months ended
		Nine months ended					September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:	Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:					Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest paid	Interest paid	$	13,179	$	11,410	Interest paid	$	18,606	$	13,179
Income taxes paid	Income taxes paid	$	14,653	$	11,944	Income taxes paid	$	9,721	$	14,653
Income tax refunds received	Income tax refunds received	$	643	$	983	Income tax refunds received	$	1,160	$	643
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing activities:	Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing activities:					Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing activities:
Capital expenditures incurred, but not yet paid	Capital expenditures incurred, but not yet paid	$	989	$	1,807	Capital expenditures incurred, but not yet paid	$	2,505	$	989
Software license acquired through investment disposal	Software license acquired through investment disposal	$	1,886	$	—	Software license acquired through investment disposal	$	—	$	1,886
Inventory transfers to property and equipment						Inventory transfers to property and equipment	$	1,524	$	1,705
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities:	Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities:					Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities:
Total fair value of restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and performance-based stock units on date vested	Total fair value of restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and performance-based stock units on date vested	$	9,092	$	38,879	Total fair value of restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and performance-based stock units on date vested	$	13,454	$	9,092

See notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

(1) BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Business

Ribbon Communications Inc. ("Ribbon" or the "Company") is a leading global provider of communications technology to service providers and enterprises. The Company provides a broad range of software and high-performance hardware products, network solutions, and services that enable the secure delivery of data and voice communications, and high-bandwidth networking and connectivity for residential ~~consumer~~consumers and for small, medium, and large enterprises and industry verticals such as finance, education, government, utilities, and transportation. Ribbon's mission is to create a recognized global technology leader providing cloud-centric solutions that enable the secure exchange of information, with unparalleled scale, performance, and elasticity. The Company is headquartered in Plano, Texas, and has a global presence with research and development, or sales and support locations in over ~~thirty-five~~thirty countries around the world.

Basis of Presentation

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring items, necessary for their fair presentation with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and with the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").

Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year or any future interim period. The information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021~~2022, as amended (the "Annual Report"), which was filed with the SEC on March ~~11, 2022.~~31, 2023.

~~Equity~~Private Placement Offering

On ~~August 12, 2022,~~March 28, 2023, the Company ~~entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with certain~~issued 55,000 shares of newly designated Series A Preferred Stock (the "Preferred Stock") to investors ~~for the sale (the "Equity Offering")~~ in a private placement ~~by the Company~~offering at a price of ~~17,071,311~~$970 per share, along with 4.9 million warrants (the "Warrants") to purchase shares ~~(the "Shares")~~ of the ~~Company’s~~Company's common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the "Private Placement"), at athe exercise price of ~~$3.05~~$3.77 per share. The ~~aggregate gross~~ proceeds from the ~~Equity Offering~~Private Placement were approximately ~~$52.1~~$53.4 million, ~~before deducting offering expenses paid by the Company of~~including approximately ~~$1.7 million. The Company intends to use the net proceeds~~$10 million from ~~the Equity Offering to fund general corporate purposes, including capital expenditures, working capital and repayment of debt.~~

existing related party stockholders (See Note 11).

The original issuance of the Shares in the Equity Offering was exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The Company subsequently filed a registration statement on Form S-3 (the “Registration Statement”) with the SEC registering the Shares, which Registration Statement was declared effective by the SEC on September 23, 2022.

Operating Segments

The Company's chief operating decision maker (the "CODM") is its ~~President~~president and ~~Chief Executive Officer.~~chief executive officer. The CODM assesses the Company's performance based on the performance of two separate organizations within Ribbon: the Cloud and Edge segment ("Cloud and Edge") and the IP Optical Networks segment ("IP Optical Networks").

~~Reclassifications~~

In the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company reclassified amounts recorded for amortization of certain acquired intangible assets in prior presentations from Total operating expenses under the caption "Amortization of acquired intangible assets" to Cost of revenue under the caption "Amortization of acquired technology" in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company's management believes this presentation aids in the comparability of its financial statements to industry peers. This reclassification did not impact the condensed consolidated balance sheets or statements of cash flows for any historical periods. The Company reports depreciation of property and equipment related to production activities as components of Cost of revenue. This reclassification for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was as follows

~~RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)~~

~~(unaudited)~~

~~(in thousands):~~

Three months ended September 30, 2021 Nine months ended September 30, 2021
Prior presentation Amounts reclassified Revised presentation Prior presentation Amounts reclassified Revised presentation
Product revenue $ 111,726 $ 111,726 $ 322,744 $ 322,744
Service revenue 98,672 98,672 291,636 291,636
  Total revenue 210,398 — 210,398 614,380 — 614,380
Cost of revenue - product 53,494 53,494 144,580 144,580
Cost of revenue - service 36,576 36,576 110,498 110,498
Amortization of acquired technology — 9,674 9,674 — 29,435 29,435
  Total cost of revenue 90,070 9,674 99,744 255,078 29,435 284,513
    Total gross profit 120,328 (9,674) 110,654 359,302 (29,435) 329,867
Research and development 49,132 49,132 143,339 143,339
Sales and marketing 36,113 36,113 108,212 108,212
General and administrative 12,148 12,148 40,435 40,435
Amortization of acquired intangible assets 17,221 (9,674) 7,547 50,225 (29,435) 20,790
Acquisition-, disposal- and integration-related 1,955 1,955 4,204 4,204
Restructuring and related 1,767 1,767 10,547 10,547
  Total operating expenses 118,336 (9,674) 108,662 356,962 (29,435) 327,527
Income from operations $ 1,992 $ — $ 1,992 $ 2,340 $ — $ 2,340

Significant Accounting Policies

The Company's significant accounting policies are disclosed in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Annual Report. There were no material changes to the significant accounting policies during the ~~three~~nine months ended September 30, ~~2022.~~2023, except for the addition of the accounting policy below for the Preferred Stock and Warrants issued in the Private Placement on March 28, 2023.

Preferred Stock and Warrants

The Company accounts for the Preferred Stock and Warrants as liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of their specific terms in accordance with ASC Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity. The fair value option was elected for the Preferred Stock, as the Company considers fair value to best reflect the expected future economic value. These liabilities are remeasured to fair value at each reporting date using the same valuation methodology applied upon issuance.

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

The value of the Preferred Stock is calculated using the Black-Derman-Toy (BDT) stochastic yield lattice model to capture the optimal timing of repayment, increasing dividend rate and other features, and the value of the Warrants is calculated using the Black-Scholes Pricing Model.

Changes in the fair value of the Preferred Stock and Warrants are reported as Other expense, net in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Ribbon and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates and Judgments

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires Ribbon to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates and judgments relied upon in preparing these condensed consolidated financial statements include accounting for business combinations, revenue recognition for multiple element arrangements, inventory valuations, assumptions used to determine the fair value of stock-based compensation and the Preferred Stock and Warrants, intangible asset and goodwill valuations, including impairments, legal contingencies and recoverability of Ribbon's net deferred tax assets and the related valuation allowances. Ribbon regularly assesses these estimates and records changes in estimates in the period in which they become known. Ribbon bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

~~RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)~~

~~(unaudited)~~

~~Restricted Cash~~

~~The Company classifies as restricted cash all cash pledged as collateral to secure long-term obligations and all cash whose use is otherwise limited by contractual provisions.~~

The Company had $0.3 million and $2.6 million of restricted cash as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, representing restricted short-term bank deposits pledged to secure certain performance and financial bonds as security for the Company's obligations under tenders, contracts and to one of its main subcontractors.

Transfers of Financial Assets

The ~~Company~~Company's IP Optical Networks segment maintains customer receivables factoring agreements with a number of financial ~~institutions,~~ ~~primarily for IP Optical Networks sales outside of the United States~~.institutions. Under the terms of these agreements, the Company may transfer receivables to the financial institutions, on a non-recourse basis, provided that the financial institutions approve the receivables in advance. The Company maintains credit insurance policies from major insurance providers or obtains letters of credit from the customers for a majority of its factored trade receivables. The Company accounts for the factoring of its financial assets as a sale of the assets and records the factoring fees, when incurred, as a component of interest expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations, and the proceeds from the sales of receivables are included in cash from operating activities in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

~~Information regarding the Company's factoring~~Factoring of ~~its financial assets~~accounts receivable and associated fees for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 ~~and 2021 is~~were as follows (in thousands):

Three months ended Nine months ended
September 30,
2022 September 30,
2021 September 30,
2022 September 30,
2021
Accounts receivable sold $ 16,926 $ 24,961 $ 57,640 $ 88,608
Less factoring fees (281) $ (169) (757) (570)
Net cash proceeds $ 16,645 $ 24,792 $ 56,883 $ 88,038

~~Going Concern~~


	Three months ended		Nine months ended
	September 30, 2023	September 30, 2022	September 30, 2023	September 30, 2022
Accounts receivable sold	24,701	16,926	73,028	57,640
Less factoring fees	(752)	(281)	(2,022)	(757)
Net cash proceeds	23,949	16,645	71,006	56,883

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP applicable to a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business.

In the second quarter of 2022, although the Company was in compliance with its financial covenants, it projected that it may not maintain compliance with its financial covenants under the 2020 Credit Facility, as amended (as defined in Note 9), for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 due to the impact of market conditions, including supply chain disruptions, higher costs, and other geopolitical instabilities and disputes. Failure to remain in compliance would be an event of default that would permit the Lenders (as defined in Note 9) to accelerate the maturity of the 2020 Credit Facility.

Under the terms of the existing credit agreement (see Note 9), the Company is allowed, subject to certain limitations, to use a portion of the capital raised in the Equity Offering in the calculation of the covenant ratios for the quarter in which the Equity Offering was completed (quarter ended September 30, 2022) and for future calculation of the covenant ratios for which the third quarter of 2022 is included in the trailing twelve month period. As a result, the Company currently projects that it will remain in compliance with its financial covenants for at least one year from the date the condensed consolidated financial statements are issued.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

1312

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

~~requirements~~ related to accounting for credit losses under ASC 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), and adds enhanced disclosures for creditors with respect to loan refinancings and restructurings for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. ASU 2022-02 iswas effective for the Company January 1, ~~2023, with early adoption permitted.~~2023. The ~~Company believes that the~~ adoption of ASU 2022-02 ~~will~~did not have a material impact on ~~its~~the Company's consolidated financial ~~statements upon adoption.~~statements.

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers ("ASU 2021-08"), which amends ASC 805, Business Combinations (Topic 805), to add contract assets and contract liabilities to the list of exceptions to the recognition and measurement principles that apply to business combinations and to require that an acquiring entity recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) ("ASC 606"). Under current GAAP, an acquirer generally recognizes such items at fair value on the acquisition date. While primarily related to contract assets and contract liabilities that were accounted for by the acquiree in accordance with ASC 606, ASU 2021-08 also applies to contract assets and contract liabilities from other contracts to which the provisions of ASC 606 apply, such as contract liabilities from the sale of nonfinancial assets within the scope of ASU 2017-05, Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20). ASU 2021-08 iswas effective for the Company January 1, ~~2023, with early adoption permitted.~~2023. The Company believes that the adoption of ASU 2021-08 could have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements for periods including and subsequent to significant business acquisitions.

~~In January 2021 the FASB issued ASU 2021-01,~~ ~~Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope~~ ~~("ASU 2021-01"), which refines the scope of ASC 848,~~ ~~Reference Rate Reform~~, and clarifies some of its guidance as part of the FASB's monitoring of global reference rate reform activities. ASU 2021-01 permits entities to elect certain optional expedients and exceptions when accounting for derivative contracts and certain hedging relationships affected by changes in the interest rates used for discounting cash flows, for computing variation margin settlements, and for calculating price alignment interest in connection with reference rate reform activities under way in global financial markets (the "discounting transition"). ASU 2021-01 is effective for the Company prospectively in any period through December 31, 2022 that a modification is made to the terms of the derivatives affected by the discounting transition. The adoption of ASU 2021-01 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

(2) EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE

Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. For periods in which the Company reports net income, diluted net earnings per share is determined by using the weighted average number of common and dilutive common equivalent shares outstanding during the period, unless the effect is antidilutive.

The ~~calculations of~~ shares used to compute ~~diluted earnings (loss)~~loss per share were as follows (in thousands):


		Three months ended		Nine months ended			Three months ended		Nine months ended
		September 30, 2022	September 30, 2021	September 30, 2022	September 30, 2021		September 30, 2023	September 30, 2022	September 30, 2023	September 30, 2022
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic	Weighted average shares outstanding - basic	158,921	148,184	152,795	147,204	Weighted average shares outstanding - basic	171,190	158,921	169,955	152,795
Potential dilutive common shares	Potential dilutive common shares	—	—	—	—	Potential dilutive common shares	—	—	—	—
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted	Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted	158,921	148,184	152,795	147,204	Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted	171,190	158,921	169,955	152,795

Options to purchase the Company's common stock and unvested restricted and performance-based stock units aggregating 14.4 million shares have not been included in the computation of loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 because their effect would have been antidilutive. Options to purchase the Company's common stock and unvested restricted and performance-based stock awards and stock units aggregating 10.9 million shares have not been included inwere excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2023 and 2022, because their effect would have been antidilutive.

As of September 30, 2023, the potential number of dilutive shares from the Warrants totaled 4,858,090 shares. However, there was no impact on weighted average shares outstanding from these Warrants for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 as the average share price of the Company's common stock in each period was below the exercise price of $3.77 per share and their effect would have been antidilutive.

Dividends payable on the Preferred Stock are not an adjustment to net income (loss) used for the calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per share as these dividends are included in the fair value adjustment of the Preferred Stock which is reflected in Other expense, net.

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

(3) INVENTORY

Inventory at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):


		September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021			September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022

On-hand final assemblies and finished goods inventories	On-hand final assemblies and finished goods inventories	$	77,244	$	57,360	On-hand final assemblies and finished goods inventories	$	87,503	$	85,888
Deferred cost of goods sold	Deferred cost of goods sold	3,887		1,474		Deferred cost of goods sold	2,637		1,449
		81,131		58,834			90,140		87,337
Less noncurrent portion (included in other assets)		(10,845)		(4,791)
Less noncurrent portion (included in Other assets)						Less noncurrent portion (included in Other assets)	(19,956)		(11,914)
Current portion	Current portion	$	70,286	$	54,043	Current portion	$	70,184	$	75,423

(4) INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL

The Company's intangible assets at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):


September 30, 2022		Weighted average amortization period (years)	Cost		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying value
In-process research and development		*	$	34,000	$	—	$	34,000

September 30, 2023									September 30, 2023	Weighted average amortization period (years)	Cost		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying value
Developed technology	Developed technology	7.93	306,380		205,194		101,186		Developed technology	7.84	$	340,380	$	233,201	$	107,179
Customer relationships	Customer relationships	11.86	268,140		99,245		168,895		Customer relationships	11.86	268,140		127,908		140,232
Trade names	Trade names	3.88	5,000		4,448		552		Trade names	3.88	5,000		4,875		125
Software licenses	Software licenses	3.00	5,186		122		5,064		Software licenses	3.00	5,236		1,719		3,517
										9.51	$	618,756	$	367,703	$	251,053
		9.12	$	618,706	$	309,009	$	309,697

December 31, 2021 Weighted average amortization period
(years) Cost Accumulated
amortization Net
carrying value
In-process research and development * $ 34,000 $ — $ 34,000
Developed technology 7.93 306,380 181,393 124,987
Customer relationships 11.86 268,140 77,653 190,487
Trade names 3.88 5,000 3,744 1,256
Internal use software 3.00 730 730 —
9.17 $ 614,250 $ 263,520 $ 350,730

* An in-process research and development intangible asset has an indefinite life until the product is generally available, at which time such asset is typically reclassified to developed technology.


December 31, 2022	Weighted average amortization period (years)	Cost		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying value
Developed technology	7.84	$	340,380	$	212,448	$	127,932
Customer relationships	11.86	268,140		106,385		161,755
Trade names	3.88	5,000		4,658		342
Software licenses	3.00	5,186		487		4,699

	9.51	$	618,706	$	323,978	$	294,728

Estimated future amortization expense for the Company's intangible assets at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 was as follows (in

~~RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)~~

~~(unaudited)~~

thousands):


Years ending December 31,	Years ending December 31,			Years ending December 31,
Remainder of 2022		$	14,970
2023		56,881
Remainder of 2023				Remainder of 2023	$	13,162
2024	2024	50,717		2024	50,733
2025	2025	44,005		2025	44,022
2026	2026	38,965		2026	38,978
2027	2027	33,936		2027	33,936
2028				2028	23,400
Thereafter	Thereafter	70,223		Thereafter	46,822
		$	309,697		$	251,053

~~On August 29, 2022, the Company acquired perpetual software licenses from American Virtual Cloud Technologies, Inc. ("AVCT") for $4.4 million (see Note 5).~~

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

There were no changes to the carrying value of the Company's goodwill in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021.~~2022. The components of goodwill at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 were as follows (in thousands):


									Cloud and Edge		IP Optical Networks		Total
Balance at September 30, 2023								Balance at September 30, 2023
Goodwill								Goodwill	$	392,302	$	191,996	$	584,298
Accumulated impairment losses								Accumulated impairment losses	(167,406)		(116,000)		(283,406)
		Cloud and Edge		IP Optical Networks		Total			$	224,896	$	75,996	$	300,892
Balance at September 30, 2022	Balance at September 30, 2022							Balance at September 30, 2022
Goodwill	Goodwill	$	392,302	$	191,996	$	584,298	Goodwill	$	392,302	$	191,996	$	584,298
Accumulated impairment losses	Accumulated impairment losses	(167,406)		(116,000)		(283,406)		Accumulated impairment losses	(167,406)		(116,000)		(283,406)
		$	224,896	$	75,996	$	300,892		$	224,896	$	75,996	$	300,892
Balance at September 30, 2021
Goodwill		$	392,302	$	191,996	$	584,298
Accumulated impairment losses		(167,406)		—		(167,406)
		$	224,896	$	191,996	$	416,892

(5) INVESTMENTS AND FAIR VALUE HIERARCHY

The Company received debentures (the "Debentures") and warrants (the "AVCT Warrants") as sale consideration in connection with the sale of its Kandy Communications ~~Business~~business on December 1, 2020 to ~~AVCT.~~American Virtual Cloud Technologies, Inc. ("AVCT"). The ~~debentures~~Debentures bore interest at a rate of 10% per annum, ~~(the "Debentures"),~~ which was added to the principal amount of the Debentures. The Company recorded $0.9 million and $3.6 million of interest income in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, which was added to the principal amount of the Debentures, and which is included in Interest expense, net, in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. On September 8, 2021 (the "Debenture Conversion Date"), the ~~debentures~~Debentures were converted into 13,700,421 shares of AVCT common stock (the "Debenture Shares"). The ~~warrants~~AVCT Warrants entitled the Company to purchase 4,377,800 shares of AVCT common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share and were to expire on December 1, ~~2025 (the "Warrants").~~2025. The Company's investment in AVCT (the "AVCT Investment") was comprised of the Debentures and AVCT Warrants for periods prior to the Debenture Conversion Date and the Debenture Shares and AVCT Warrants for periods subsequent to the Debenture Conversion Date. The Company recorded the AVCT Investment at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded as a component of Other (expense) income, net, in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

On August 29, 2022, the Company and AVCT entered into a settlement agreement which provided for, amongst other things, the cancellation of the Company's investment in the Debenture Shares and the AVCT Warrants with an aggregate fair value of $2.6 million. Pursuant to the settlement agreements, the Company and AVCT also entered into a Wind Down Agreement, pursuant to which a Reseller Agreement between the parties, as previously amended, was terminated, and the Company was granted a non-exclusive perpetual license to use and modify certain intellectual property owned by AVCT comprising WebRTC gateway technology that is integrated with Ribbon’s SBCs and Application Servers. As consideration, the Company paid AVCT $2.5 million in cash, the Debenture Shares were redeemed and canceled, and the AVCT Warrants were terminated and canceled. The perpetual license granted by AVCT is classified as Intangible assets, net in the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 in the amount of ~~$4.4 million.~~

$2.8 million and $3.9 million, respectively.

~~RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)~~

~~(unaudited)~~

~~The fair value of the AVCT Investment, which was reported as an Investment in the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet, was $43.9 million December 31, 2021.~~ The Company had no investment in AVCT as of September 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022 due to the settlement agreement entered into on August 29, 2022. The Company recorded losses of $1.9 million and $41.3 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, representing the change in the fair value of the AVCT Investment. The Company recorded losses of $56.5 million and $68.3 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, representing the change in the fair value of the AVCT Investment, which was partially offset by the paid-in-kind interest income described above. The AVCT Investment is classified as a Level 1 fair value measurement at December 31, 2021.

The Company evaluated the nature of the AVCT Investment at December 31, 2021, and determined that it represented an equity interest on a diluted basis of approximately 15%. The Company determined that it was not the primary beneficiary of AVCT as it did not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the AVCT Investment's economic performance, and therefore concluded that the Company had neither significant influence nor a controlling interest arising from the AVCT Investment that would require consolidation as of December 31, 2021.

The carrying amounts of the Company's financial instruments approximate their fair values and include cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and ~~accounts payable.~~borrowings under a revolving credit facility. Ribbon's term debt balance as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 of $240.4 million and $330.4 million, respectively, had a fair value of approximately $239.5 million and $323.0 million, respectively. Our Preferred Stock and Warrants liabilities had a combined fair value of $54.9 million as of September 30, 2023, including cumulative dividends on the Preferred Stock of $2.6 million.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. The three-tier fair value hierarchy is based on the level of independent, objective evidence surrounding the inputs used to measure fair value. A financial instrument's categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

value hierarchy is as follows:

Level 1. Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2. Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets or quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets).

Level 3. Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

(6) ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER

Accrued expenses at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):


		September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021			September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Employee compensation and related costs	Employee compensation and related costs	$	29,460	$	38,040	Employee compensation and related costs	$	29,363	$	25,994
Professional fees	Professional fees	15,564		14,365		Professional fees	18,548		17,195

Taxes payable						Taxes payable	8,066		8,152
Other	Other	54,237		48,347		Other	33,099		33,929
		$	99,261	$	100,752		$	89,076	$	85,270

~~RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)~~

~~(unaudited)~~

(7) WARRANTY ACCRUALS

The changes in the Company's accrual balance in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 were as follows (in thousands):






Balance at January 1, ~~2022~~2023	$	~~13,120~~11,857

Current period provisions	~~3,970~~4,207
Settlements	~~(4,318)~~(4,070)
Balance at September 30, ~~2022~~2023	$	~~12,772~~11,994

(8) RESTRUCTURING AND FACILITIES CONSOLIDATION INITIATIVES

The Company recorded restructuring and related expense aggregating ~~$1.3~~$2.7 million and ~~$1.8~~$1.3 million in the three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, and ~~$9.0~~$13.9 million and ~~$10.5~~$9.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. Restructuring and related expense includes restructuring expense (primarily severance and related costs), estimated future variable lease costs for vacated properties with no intent or ability of sublease, and accelerated rent amortization expense.

For restructuring events that involve lease assets and liabilities, the Company applies lease reassessment and modification guidance and evaluates the right-of-use assets for potential impairment. If the Company plans to exit all or distinct portions of a facility and does not have the ability or intent to sublease, the Company will accelerate the amortization of each of those lease components through the vacate date. The accelerated amortization is recorded as a component of Restructuring and related expense in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations. Related variable lease expenses will continue to be expensed as incurred through the vacate date, at which time the Company will reassess the liability balance to ensure it appropriately reflects the remaining liability associated with the premises and ~~records~~record a liability for the estimated future variable lease costs.

~~Restructuring and related expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was comprised of the following (in thousands):~~

Three months ended Nine months ended
September 30,
2022 September 30,
2021 September 30,
2022 September 30,
2021
Severance and related costs $ (358) $ 481 $ 4,623 $ 3,076
Variable and other facilities-related costs 970 $ 1,286 2,734 4,103
Accelerated amortization of lease assets due to cease-use 657 $ — 1,620 3,368
$ 1,269 $ 1,767 $ 8,977 $ 10,547

~~Accelerated Rent Amortization~~RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

Accelerated ~~rent~~ amortization of lease assets is recognized from the date that the Company commences the plan to fully or partially vacate a facility, for which there is no intent or ability to enter into a sublease, through the final vacate date. ~~The~~Accelerated amortization of lease assets that are included as a component of restructuring and related expense are excluded from the restructuring accrual activity tables below, as the liability for ~~the total~~ lease payments for ~~each respective facility~~these facilities is included as a component of current and noncurrent Operating lease liabilities in the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets ~~both current~~at September 30, 2023 and ~~noncurrent~~December 31, 2022 (see Note ~~15)~~16). The Company may incur additional future expense if it is unable to sublease other locations included in ~~its~~the Company's facilities consolidation initiatives.

Restructuring and related expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was comprised of the following (in thousands):



	Three months ended				Nine months ended
	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Severance and related costs	$	804	$	(358)	$	9,355	$	4,623
Variable and other facilities-related costs	1,653		$	970	3,784		2,734
Accelerated amortization of lease assets due to cease-use	223		$	657	785		1,620
	$	2,680	$	1,269	$	13,924	$	8,977

2023 Restructuring Plan

On February 22, 2023, the Company's Board of Directors approved a strategic restructuring ~~initiatives.~~program (the "2023 Restructuring Plan") to streamline the Company's operations in order to support the Company's investment in critical growth areas. The 2023 Restructuring Plan is expected to include, among other things, charges related to a workforce reduction. Any potential positions eliminated in countries outside the United States are subject to local law and consultation requirements.

The Company recorded restructuring and related expense of $0.9 million and $9.4 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, in connection with the 2023 Restructuring Plan entirely for severance related costs. A summary of the 2023 Restructuring Plan accrual activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is as follows (in thousands):


	Balance at January 1, 2023		Initiatives charged to expense		Cash payments		Net transfer to operating lease accounts		Balance at September 30, 2023
Severance	$	—	$	9,355	$	(7,994)	$	—	$	1,361

2022 Restructuring Plan

On February 14, 2022, the Company's Board of Directors approved a strategic restructuring program (the "2022 Restructuring Plan") to streamline the Company's operations in order to support the Company's investment in critical growth areas. The 2022 Restructuring Plan ~~is expected to include,~~includes, among other things, charges related to a consolidation of facilities and a workforce reduction. Any positions eliminated in countries outside the United States are subject to local law and

~~RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)~~

~~(unaudited)~~

consultation requirements.

The Company recorded restructuring and related expense of ~~$1.3~~$1.9 million and ~~$8.3~~$4.6 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, respectively, in connection with the 2022 Restructuring Plan. The amount for the three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 was comprised of ~~$1.0~~$1.7 million for ~~variable and other~~ facilities-related costs, ~~$0.6~~and $0.2 million for accelerated amortization of lease assets no longer being used with no ability or intent to ~~sublease, and $(0.3) million for adjustments to severance and related costs.~~sublease. The amount for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 was comprised of ~~$4.7~~$3.8 million for ~~severance and related costs for approximately~~ 60 ~~employees, $2.0 million for variable and other~~ facilities-related costs and ~~$1.6~~$0.8 million for accelerated amortization of lease assets no longer being used with no ability or intent to sublease. A summary of the 2022 Restructuring Plan accrual activity for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 is as follows (in thousands):

Balance at
January 1,
2022 Initiatives
charged to
expense Cash
payments Net transfer to operating lease accounts Balance at
September 30,
2022
Severance $ — $ 4,679 $ (3,324) $ — $ 1,355
Variable and other facilities-related costs — 2,042 (1,087) — 955
Accelerated amortization of lease assets due to cease-use — 1,620 — (1,620) —
$ — $ 8,341 $ (4,411) $ (1,620) $ 2,310

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)


	Balance at January 1, 2023		Initiatives charged to expense		Cash payments		Net transfer to operating lease accounts		Balance at September 30, 2023
Severance	$	1,164	$	—	$	(1,010)	$	—	$	154
Variable and other facilities-related costs	890		3,784		(4,148)		—		526
Accelerated amortization of lease assets due to cease-use	—		785		—		(785)		—
	$	2,054	$	4,569	$	(5,158)	$	(785)	$	680

Balance Sheet Classification

The current portions of accrued restructuring were $2.0 million and $1.3 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and are included as ~~a component~~components of Accrued expenses ~~and~~in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The long-term portions of accrued restructuring are included as ~~a component~~components of Other long-term liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The long-term portions of accrued restructuring ~~relate to facilities totaled $2.2~~were $1.2 million and $2.0 million at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~$1.6 million at~~ December 31, ~~2021.~~2022, respectively.

(9) DEBT

2020 Credit Facility

On March 3, 2020, the Company entered into a Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreement (as amended, the "2020 Credit Facility"), by and among the Company, as a guarantor, Ribbon Communications Operating Company, Inc., as the borrower ("Borrower"), Citizens Bank, N.A. ("Citizens"), ~~as administrative agent, a lender, issuing lender, swingline lender, joint lead arranger and bookrunner,~~ Santander Bank, N.A., and others as ~~a lender, joint lead arranger and bookrunner, and the other~~ lenders ~~party thereto (each, together with Citizens Bank, N.A. and Santander Bank, N.A., referred to individually as a "Lender", and collectively, the "Lenders"~~("Lenders"). The proceeds offrom the ~~2020~~ Credit ~~Facility~~Agreement were used, in part, to pay off in full all obligations of the Company under ~~its prior credit facility.~~the 2019 Credit Facility.

The 2020 Credit Facility ~~provides~~originally provided for $500 million of commitments from the Lenders to the Borrower, comprised of $400 million in term loans (the "2020 Term Loan Facility") and a $100 million facility available for revolving loans (the "2020 Revolving Credit Facility"). Under the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility, a $30 million sublimit iswas originally available for letters of credit and a $20 million sublimit is available for swingline loans. Under the 2020 Credit Facility, the Company was originally required to make quarterly principal payments aggregating approximately $10 million in the first year, $20 million per year for the following three years, and $30 million in the last year, with the remaining balance due on the maturity date. The 2020 Credit Facility also requires periodic interest payments until maturity.

The indebtedness and other obligations under the 2020 Credit Facility are unconditionally guaranteed on a senior secured basis by the Company, Edgewater Networks, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and GENBAND Inc., a ~~wholly-~~

~~RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)~~

~~(unaudited)~~

~~owned~~wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (together, the "Guarantors"). The ~~facilities under the~~ 2020 Credit Facility ~~are~~is secured by first-priority liens on substantially all of the assets of the Borrower and the Guarantors, including substantially all of the assets of the Company.

The 2020 Credit Facility requires compliance with certain financial covenants, including a minimum Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio and a maximum Consolidated Net Leverage Ratio (each as defined in the 2020 Credit Facility, and each tested on a quarterly basis). The 2020 Credit Facility permits the Company to use proceeds from the sale of equity securities, subject to certain limitations, in the calculation of the minimum Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio and maximum Consolidated Net Leverage Ratio for the quarter in which such equity sale occurs, and for future calculations of the covenant ratios where such quarter is included.

In addition, the 2020 Credit Facility contains various covenants that, among other restrictions, limit the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ ability to incur or assume indebtedness; grant or assume liens; make acquisitions or engage in mergers; sell, transfer, assign or convey assets; repurchase equity and make dividend and certain other restricted payments; make investments; engage in transactions with affiliates; enter into sale and leaseback transactions; enter into burdensome agreements; change the nature of its business; modify their organizational documents; and amend or make prepayments on certain junior debt.

The 2020 Credit Facility contains events of default that are customary for a secured credit facility. If an event of default relating to bankruptcy or other insolvency events with respect to the Company or any of its subsidiaries occurs, all obligations under the 2020 Credit Facility will immediately become due and payable. If any other event of default occurs under the 2020 Credit Facility, the lenders may accelerate the maturity of the obligations outstanding under the Credit Facility and exercise other rights and remedies, including charging a default rate of interest equal to 2.00% per year above the rate that would otherwise be applicable. In addition, if any event of default exists under the 2020 Credit Facility, the lenders can commence foreclosure or other actions against the collateral.

On August 18, 2020, ~~(the "First Amendment Date"),~~ the ~~Borrower~~Company entered into athe First Amendment to the 2020 Credit Facility (the "First Amendment"). Pursuant to an assignment and assumption agreement entered into by Citizens and certain affiliates of Whitehorse Capital on the First Amendment Date (collectively, "HIG Whitehorse"), and consented to by Citizens and the Borrower,in which $75 million of the 2020 Term Loan Facility was assigned from Citizens to a new lender and designated as the Term B ~~Loan (the "Term B Loan"), was assigned from Citizens to HIG Whitehorse as of August 18, 2020.~~Loan. The remaining $325 million of the 2020 Term Loan Facility ~~that was not assigned to HIG Whitehorse~~ was deemed the Term A ~~Loan (the "Term A Loan" and, together with the Term B Loan, the "Amended 2020 Term Loan Facility").~~Loan.

The Term A Loan and the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility mature in March ~~2025. The Term A Loan~~2025 and ~~2020 Revolving Credit Facility bear~~originally bore interest at the Borrower's option at either the LIBOR rate plus a margin ranging from 1.50% to 3.50% per year, or the base rate ~~(the highest of the Federal Funds Effective Rate (as defined in the 2020 Credit Facility)~~ plus 0.50%, or the prime rate ~~announced from time to time in The Wall Street Journal)~~ plus a margin ranging from 0.50% to 2.50% per year (the "Applicable Margin"). The Applicable Margin ~~varies~~varied depending on the Company's Consolidated Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2020 Credit Facility). The base rate and the LIBOR rate are each subject to a zero percent floor. The Company was required to make quarterly principal payments on the Term A Loan aggregating approximately $10 million in the first year, $16 million per year in each of the next two years, $20 million in the fourth year and $16 million in the last year, with the final payment approximating $244 million due on the maturity date. The Borrower could prepay all amounts under the Term A Loan and the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility at any time without premium or penalty (other than customary LIBOR breakage costs), subject to certain notice requirements.

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

The Term B Loan was scheduled to mature in March 2026 and bore interest, at the Borrower's option, at either the LIBOR rate plus a margin of 7.50% per year, or the base rate (the highest of the Federal Funds Effective Rate (as defined in the First Amendment) plus 0.50%, or the prime rate announced from time to time in The Wall Street Journal, plus a margin of 6.50% per year. The Term B Loan had a lower rate of amortization than the Term A Loan and was subject to a 1.0% premium if voluntarily repaid in connection with a repricing transaction (as defined in the 2020 Credit Facility) occurring prior to the six-month anniversary of the First Amendment Effective Date. The Company was required to make quarterly principal payments totaling approximately $1 million in the first year and $8 million in the aggregate over the next four and a half years, with the final payment approximating $66 million.

~~RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)~~

~~(unaudited)~~

The First Amendment reduced the Borrower's ability to incur new tranches of term loans, or increases in commitments under the Amended 2020 Term Loan Facility or the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility. Specifically, such indebtedness could be incurred up to an aggregate dollar amount equal to 75% of the Company's Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA (as defined in the 2020 Credit Facility), reduced from 100% prior to the First Amendment, as of the most recently ended fiscal quarter for which financial statements had been delivered to the lenders, plus additional amounts, so long as the Borrower's Consolidated Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2020 Credit Agreement) did not exceed 2.25:1.00, reduced from 2.75:1.00 under the 2020 Credit Facility. The First Amendment also reduced the amount of Unrestricted Cash (as defined in the 2020 Credit Facility) used in calculating the Borrower's Consolidated Net Leverage Ratio from $25 million to $10 million.rate.

On December 1, 2020, the ~~Borrower~~Company entered into athe Second Amendment to the 2020 Credit Facility to obtain consent for an equity exchange with AVCT in connection with the sale of our Kandy ~~Sale,~~Communications business, as well as to amend certain other provisions of the 2020 Credit Facility.

On March 3, 2021, ~~(the "Third Amendment Date"),~~ the Company ~~the Borrower and certain of its subsidiaries~~ entered into athe Third Amendment to ~~Credit Agreement (the "Third Amendment"), which further amended~~ the 2020 Credit ~~Facility. The Third Amendment~~Facility which provided for an incremental term loan facility ~~to the Borrower~~ in the ~~original~~ principal amount of $74.6 million, the proceeds of which were used ~~on the Third Amendment Date~~ to consummate an open market purchase of all outstanding amounts under the Term B ~~Loan. Upon~~Loan, resulting in the ~~consummation~~assignment and immediate cancellation of ~~the open market purchase,~~ the Term B ~~Loans were assigned to the Borrower and immediately cancelled,~~Loan, such that the outstanding amount under the Term A Loan and incremental term loan facility were combined and held by the Lenders (the "2020 Term Loan") with the same terms as the Term A Loan. The Company wrote off $2.5 million of capitalized debt issuance costs in connection with the Third Amendment, which is included in Interest expense, net, in the Company's condensed consolidated statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The Company was required to make quarterly principal payments on the 2020 Term Loan aggregating approximately $20 million per year in the first three years and $30 million in the fourth year, with the final payment approximating $300 million due on the maturity date.

The Third Amendment increased the Borrower's ability to incur new incremental revolving commitments or term loans. Such indebtedness can be incurred up to an aggregate dollar limit equal to 100% of the Company's Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA (as defined in the 2020 Credit Facility) as of the most recently ended fiscal quarter for which financial statements have been delivered to the Lenders, plus additional amounts, so long as the Borrower's Consolidated Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) does not exceed 2.75:1.00, increased from 2.25:1.00 under the First Amendment. The Third Amendment also increased the amount of Unrestricted Cash (as defined in the 2020 Credit Facility) used in calculating the Borrower's Consolidated Net Leverage Ratio from $10.0 million to $25.0 million.

On March 10, 2022, the ~~Borrower~~Company entered into athe Fourth Amendment to the 2020 Credit Facility ~~(the "Fourth Amendment")~~ to increase the Maximum Consolidated Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2020 Credit Facility) ~~to 4.25:1.00 for the first quarter of 2022~~ and ~~4.50:1.00 for the second quarter of 2022, with reductions~~ in ~~subsequent quarters through the third quarter of 2023, when the ratio will be fixed at 3.00:1.00. In connection with the Fourth Amendment,~~conjunction the Company made a $15.0 million prepayment that was applied to the final payment due on the maturity date. Subsequent to the Fourth Amendment, the Company was required to make quarterly principal payments on the 2020 Term Loan aggregating approximately $20 million per year for the next two years and $30 million in the following year, with the final payment approximating $285 million due on the maturity date.

On June 30, 2022, the ~~Borrower~~Company entered into a the Fifth Amendment to the 2020 Credit Facility (the "Fifth Amendment") to increase the Maximum Consolidated Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2020 Credit Facility) ~~to 5.25:1.00~~ for ~~the second quarter of~~ 2022, ~~5.00:1.00 for the third quarter of 2022, and 4.75:1.00 for~~with the fourth quarter of ~~2022.~~2022 increased to 4.75:1.00, the 1st and 2nd quarters of 2023 declining to 3.25:1.00, and in all subsequent quarters the ratio was to be fixed at 3.00:1.00. Also, the Fifth Amendment reduced the minimum Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the 2020 Credit Facility) in 2022, with the fourth quarter of 2022 reduced to 1.10:1.00 ~~for~~and in all subsequent quarters the ~~second, third and fourth quarters of 2022 and~~ratio was to be fixed at 1.25:1.00. In addition, the Fifth Amendment increased the maximum rate at which loans were to bear interest if the Company's Consolidated Net Leverage Ratio for any quarter iswas greater than 4.50:1.00. Specifically, ~~pursuant to the Fifth Amendment,~~ loans incurred ~~under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities~~would bear interest, at the Borrower’s option, at either LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 1.50% to 4.50% per year, or the base rate ~~(the highest of the Federal Funds Effective Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement)~~ plus 0.50%, or the prime rate ~~announced from time to time in The Wall Street Journal)~~ plus a margin ranging from 0.50% to 3.50% per ~~year (such margins being referred to as the “Applicable Margin”). In addition, the~~year. The Fifth Amendment also allows the Company to incur junior secured or unsecured debt in an amount no less than $50 million, subject

~~RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)~~

~~(unaudited)~~

to certain conditions, including the requirement that 50% of the aggregate amount of such incurred debt (net of certain costs, fees and other amounts) must be applied to prepay the ~~Senior Secured~~2020 Credit ~~Facilities,~~Facility, and compliance with certain leverage ratio-based covenant exceptions. In connection with the Fifth Amendment, the Company made a $10.0 million voluntary prepayment that was applied to the final payment due on the maturity date. Subsequent to the Fifth Amendment, the Company is required to make quarterly principal payments on the 2020 Term Loan aggregating approximately $5.0 million per quarter through March 31, 2024 and $10.0 million in each of the three quarters thereafter, with the remaining and final payment ~~approximating $275 million~~ due on the maturity date in March 2025.

~~At September 30, 2022,~~On March 24, 2023, the Company ~~had an outstanding balance~~entered into the Sixth Amendment to the 2020 Credit Facility (the “Sixth Amendment”) effective March 30, 2023. The Sixth Amendment, among other things, increased the Maximum Consolidated Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2020 Credit Facility), with the first, second and third quarters of 2023 increasing to 4.50:1.00. In the fourth quarter of 2023 and the first quarter of 2024, the Maximum Consolidated Net Leverage Ratio declines to 4.25:1.00 and 4.00:1.00, respectively. In all subsequent quarters, the Maximum Consolidated Senior Net Leverage Ratio will be fixed at 3.00:1.00 and the Maximum Consolidated Net Leverage Ratio will be fixed at 4.00:1.00. Also, the Sixth Amendment reduced the minimum Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the 2020 Credit Facility) to 1.10:1.00 through the first quarter of 2024 and in all subsequent quarters the ratio will be fixed at 1.25:1.00. The Sixth Amendment reduced the maximum borrowings allowed under the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility from $100 million to $75 million and the sublimit available for letters of credit was reduced from $30 million to $20 million. In addition, the Sixth Amendment replaced LIBOR with the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") as the alternative rate that may be used by the Company for calculating interest owed under the 2020 Credit Facility with the margin now fixed at 4.5%. In conjunction with the Sixth Amendment, the Company made a $75 million prepayment that was applied to the final payment due upon maturity in March 2025 of approximately $200.3 million. The $75 million prepayment was almost entirely funded with the net proceeds from the Private Placement and the sales of our interest rate swap. Debt issuance costs associated with the Sixth Amendment totaled $1.7 million and are being amortized on a straight line basis over the remaining life of the 2020 Credit Facility to Interest expense, net.

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

The Company's interest rates under the 2020 Term Loan for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 benefited from a hedge instrument that was in place, specifically a fixed rate swap, which was sold in March 2023 (see Note 10). As a result of ~~$335.5 million at an average~~the fixed rate swap sold in March 2023, the ongoing interest rate of ~~5.4%~~ ~~and~~ ~~$3.3 million~~ ~~of letters of credit outstanding with an interest rate~~is based upon U.S. dollar SOFR plus a fixed margin of 4.5%. At December 31, 2021, the Company had an outstanding 2020 Term Loan balance of $375.5 million at an average interest rate of 3.4% and $4.3 million of letters of credit outstanding with an interest rate of 2.5%. The Company was in compliance with all covenants of the 2020 Credit Facility at both September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~2022, including the current Consolidated Net Leverage Ratio calculation that considers the Company's debt to include Preferred Stock.

The Company had the following outstanding borrowings, unamortized debt issuance costs, letters of credit, interest rates, and remaining borrowing capacity under the 2020 Credit Facility as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:


	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Revolving Credit Facility	$	10,000		$	—

Current portion of Term Debt	$	30,087		$	20,058

Long-term Debt, net of Current:
Long-term Debt, net of Current (Face Amount)	$	210,323		$	310,395
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs - Contra-Liability	(3,415)			(4,125)
Long-term Debt, net of Current	$	206,908		$	306,270

Total Face Amount of Borrowings	$	250,410		$	330,453

Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs:
Other Assets	$	677		$	798
Long-Term Debt - Contra Liability	3,415			4,125
Total Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	$	4,092		$	4,923

Letters of Credit Outstanding	$	2,985		$	3,272

Remaining Borrowing Capacity	$	62,015		$	96,728

Average Interest Rates:
Revolving Credit Facility	9.9		%	-
Term Loan	9.9		%	5.4		%
Letters of Credit	4.5		%	4.5		%

The Company's debt maturities as of September 30, 2023 were as follows:


Years ending December 31,
Remainder of 2023	$	15,015
2024	35,102
2025	200,293




	$	250,410

Letters of Credit and ~~Performance and Bid Bonds~~Other Guarantees

The Company uses letters of credit and performance and bid bonds in the course of its business. At September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company had $6.7 million of letters of credit, bank guarantees, and performance and bid bonds outstanding (collectively, "Guarantees") ~~aggregating~~ ~~$9.5 million~~, comprised of the $~~3.3~~3.0 million of letters of credit under the 2020 Credit Facility described above (the "Letters of Credit") and ~~$6.3~~$3.7 million of bank guarantees and performance and bid bonds (collectively, the "Other Guarantees") under

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

various uncommitted facilities. At December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the Company had Guarantees aggregating ~~$30.1~~$8.3 million, comprised of the ~~$4.3~~$3.3 million of Letters of Credit noted above and ~~$25.8~~$5.0 million of Other Guarantees. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had cash collateral of $0.3 million and $2.6 million, respectively, supporting the Guarantees, which is reported as Restricted cash in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(10) DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

The Company is exposed to financial market risk related to foreign currency fluctuations and changes in interest rates. These exposures are actively monitored by management. To manage the volatility related to the exposure to changes in interest rates, the Company ~~has entered~~may enter into a derivative financial ~~instrument.~~instruments. Management's objective ishas been to reduce, where it is deemed appropriate to do so, fluctuations in earnings and cash flows associated with changes in interest rates. Ribbon's policies and practices are to use derivative financial instruments only to the extent necessary to manage exposures. Ribbon does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

The Company records derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a specific risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. Derivatives may also be designated as hedges of the foreign currency exposure of a net investment in a foreign operation. Hedge accounting generally provides for the matching of the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedging instrument with the recognition of the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk in a fair value hedge, or the earnings effect of the hedged forecasted transactions in a cash flow hedge. The Company may enter into derivative contracts that are intended to economically hedge certain of its risk even though hedge accounting does not apply or the Company elects not to apply hedge accounting.

Cash Flow Hedge of Interest Rate Risk

The 2020 Term Loan Facility had outstanding balances of $~~335.5~~240.4 million and ~~$375.5~~$330.4 million at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. The 2020 Revolving Credit Facility had an outstanding balance of $10.0 million at September 30, 2023 and was undrawn at ~~both~~ ~~September 30, 2022 and~~ December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. Borrowings under the 2020 Credit Facility have variable interest rates based on LIBOR or SOFR (see Note 9). As a result of exposure to interest rate movements, during March 2020, the Company entered into an interest rate swap arrangement, which

~~RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)~~

~~(unaudited)~~

effectively converted its $400 million term loan with its variable interest rate based upon one-month LIBOR to an aggregate fixed rate of 0.904%, plus a leverage-based margin as defined in the 2020 Credit Facility.

On July 22, 2022, the Company sold $30 million of the notional amount of its interest rate swap back to its counterparty for $1.5 million, reducing the notional amount of this swap to $370 million. On August 16, 2022 the Company sold another $30 million of the notional amount of its interest rate swap back to its counterparty for $1.6 million, reducing the notional amount to $340 million, which ~~approximates~~approximated the current level of our term loan debt then outstanding. The gain in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income related to the $60 million notional amount sold of $3.1 million is being released into earnings on a straight line basis over the remaining term of the 2020 Credit Facility as a decrease to interest expense, the amortization of which totaled $0.2 million and $0.7 millionfor the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022. The~~2023, respectively.

On March 24, 2023, the Company received $9.4 million, consisting of $0.4 million of interest and $9.0 million for the sale of $170 million of its $340 million notional amount interest rate swap back to its counterparty, reducing the notional amount to $170 million. On March 27, 2023, the Company received $9.8 million, consisting of ~~this~~$0.4 million of interest and $9.4 million for the sale of the remaining $170 million of its interest rate swap ~~at September 30, 2022 was $340~~back to its counterparty. The portion of the gain in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income related to the term loan debt prepaid on the date of the final sale of our swap totaled $7.3 million and was released into earnings immediately as Other expense, net. The portion of the ~~swap matures~~gain in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income related to our remaining term loan debt balance was $12.0 million and is being released into earnings on ~~March 3, 2025,~~a straight line basis over the ~~same date~~remaining term of the 2020 Credit Facility ~~matures.~~as a decrease to interest expense, the

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

amortization of which totaled $1.5 million and $3.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives ~~are~~have been to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company ~~is using~~has used an interest rate swap as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the related agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount.

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of designated derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income in the condensed consolidated balance sheet and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transactions affect earnings. During the ~~three and~~ nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, such a derivative was used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with the outstanding borrowings under the 2020 Credit Facility and the Company has accounted for this derivative as an effective ~~hedge.~~hedge until the final portion of the swap was sold on March 27, 2023. Any ineffective portion of the change in the fair value of the derivative ~~would be~~was recognized directly in earnings.

Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to the Company's derivative are reclassified to interest expense as interest is accrued on the Company’s variable-rate debt. ~~Based upon projected forward rates, the Company estimates as of September 30, 2022 that~~ ~~$11 million~~ ~~may be reclassified as a decrease to interest expense over the next twelve months.~~

The impact of the Company’s derivative financial instrument on its condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 was as follows, net of tax (in thousands):


		Three months ended				Nine months ended					Three months ended				Nine months ended
		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021			September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Gain recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) on derivative, net of tax		$	3,056	$	30	$	21,685	$	4,905
Gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) on derivative, net of tax										Gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) on derivative, net of tax	$	—	$	3,056	$	(2,715)	$	21,685
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to other expense, net upon sale of swap, net of tax										Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to other expense, net upon sale of swap, net of tax	—		—		(5,099)		—
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to interest expense	Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to interest expense	(1,330)		830		(437)		2,419		Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to interest expense	(1,322)		(1,330)		(5,829)		(437)
		$	1,726	$	860	$	21,248	$	7,324		$	(1,322)	$	1,726	$	(13,643)	$	21,248

The Company had no derivative assets or liabilities at September 30, 2023. The fair values and locations in the condensed consolidated balance sheets at ~~September 30, 2022 and~~ December 31, ~~2021~~2022 of the Company's derivative assets (liabilities) designated as a hedging instrument were as follows (in thousands):

Balance sheet location September 30,
2022 December 31,
2021
Interest rate derivative - asset derivative Other current assets $ 11,033 $ —
Interest rate derivative - asset derivative Other assets 15,250 3,865
Interest rate derivative - liability derivative Accrued expenses and other — (2,054)
$ 26,283 $ 1,811


	Balance sheet location	December 31, 2022
Interest rate derivative - asset derivative	Other current assets	$	13,212
Interest rate derivative - asset derivative	Other assets	12,216


		$	25,428

The Company classified the interest rate derivative aggregating $25.4 million at December 31, 2022, as Level 2 fair value measurements within the fair value hierarchy (see Note 5).

(11) PREFERRED STOCK AND WARRANTS

On March 28, 2023, the Company issued 55,000 shares of Preferred Stock to investors in the Private Placement at a price of $970 per share, along with 4,858,090 Warrants with an exercise price of $3.77 per share.

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

The value of the Preferred Stock is calculated using the Black-Derman-Toy (BDT) stochastic yield lattice model to capture the optimal timing of repayment, increasing dividend rate and other features and the value of the Warrants is calculated using the Black-Scholes Pricing Model.

Changes in the fair value of the Preferred Stock and Warrants are reported as Other expense, net in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The fair value of the Preferred Stock and Warrants are determined using Level 3 input and the key inputs into the models utilized were as follows as of September 30, 2023:


			Preferred Stock (BDT)
Face value per share			$1,000
Interest payments per year			4
Dividend rate - year 1 (paid in-kind)			9.25%
Dividend rate - year 2 (paid in-kind or in cash at the Company's choice)			9.75%
Dividend rate - thereafter (paid in cash)			12.00%
Yield volatility			25.0%
Time to maturity (in years)			2.0


			Warrants (Black-Scholes)
Stock price			$2.68
Strike price			$3.77
Risk-free rate			4.69%
Volatility			61.9%
Dividend yield			0.0%
Time to expiration (years)			3.5

The changes in the Company's Preferred Stock and Warrant liabilities from issuance in March 2023 through September 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):


	Preferred stock liability
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	47,854
Cumulative dividends	2,573
Fair value change	(572)

Balance at September 30, 2023	$	49,855


	Warrant liability
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	5,496
Fair value change	(444)


Balance at September 30, 2023	$	5,052

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

The Preferred Stock is subordinate to Company ~~has classified~~indebtedness and senior to the ~~interest rate derivative aggregating~~ ~~$26.3 million~~ ~~and $1.8 million at~~Company’s common stock or other equity. Holders of the Preferred Stock are entitled to cumulative dividends that accrue quarterly through the September 30, ~~2022~~2025 maturity date. Dividends are payable in-kind during the first year at a rate of 9.25%. At the Company’s option, the dividends are payable in-kind or in cash during the second year at a rate of 9.75%. Dividends thereafter are payable in cash at a rate of 12.00%. The proceeds from the Preferred Stock issuance were approximately $53.4 million, including $10.0 million from existing related party stockholders. Offering costs paid by the Company of approximately $3.5 million were recorded in Other expense, net in our condensed consolidated statement of operations in the three months ended March 31, 2023. The net proceeds from the Private Placement were used for the repayment of debt. The Preferred Stock is redeemable on or after the first and ~~December 31, 2021, respectively,~~second anniversaries of the closing date at a rate of 103% and 102%, respectively.

The Warrants are immediately exercisable and upon an event such as ~~Level 2 fair value measurements~~a merger, consolidation, asset sale or similar change of control, the Warrants may be exercised and the holders may vote the underlying shares of common stock. In connection with the Private Placement, the Company provided the investors with certain registration rights relating to the Preferred Stock, the Warrants and the shares of the Company’s common stock underlying the Warrants, that required the Company to file a registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC within 30 days following the ~~fair value hierarchy (see Note 5).~~closing date of the Private Placement. The registration requirement was completed on May 19, 2023.

~~(11)~~(12) REVENUE RECOGNITION

The Company derives revenue from two primary sources: products and services. Product revenue includes the Company's hardware and software that function together to deliver the products' essential functionality. Software and hardware are also sold on a standalone basis. Services include customer support (software updates, upgrades and technical support), consulting, design services, installation services and training. Generally, contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations, consisting of products and services. For these contracts, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are considered distinct.

When an arrangement contains more than one performance obligation, the Company will allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis. The Company utilizes the observable price of goods and services when they are sold separately to similar customers in order to estimate standalone selling price.

The Company's software licenses typically provide a perpetual right to use the Company's software. The Company also sells term-based software licenses that expire and Software-as-a-Service ("SaaS")-based software which are referred to as subscription arrangements. The Company does not customize its software nor are installation services required, as the customer has a right to utilize internal resources or a third-party service company. The software and hardware are delivered before related services are provided and are functional without professional services or customer support. The Company has concluded that its software licenses are functional intellectual property that are distinct, as the user can benefit from the software on its own. Product revenue is typically recognized upon transfer of control or when the software is made available for download, as this is the point the user of the software can direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from, the functional intellectual property. The Company begins to recognize software revenue related to the renewal of subscription software licenses at the start of the subscription period.

The Company offers warranties on its products. Certain of the Company's warranties are considered to be assurance-type in nature, ensuring the product is functioning as intended. Assurance-type warranties do not represent separate performance obligations. The Company also sells separately-priced maintenance service contracts which qualify as service-type warranties and represent separate performance obligations. The Company does not allow and has no history of accepting product returns.

Services revenue includes revenue from customer support and other professional services. Customer support includes software updates on a when-and-if-available basis, telephone support, integrated web-based support and bug fixes or patches. The Company sells its customer support contracts at a percentage of list or net product price. Customer support revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the customer support agreement, which is typically one year.

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

The Company's professional services include consulting, technical support, resident engineer services, design services and installation services. Because control transfers over time, revenue is recognized based on progress toward completion of the performance obligation. The method to measure progress toward completion requires judgment and is based on the nature of the products or services to be provided. The Company generally uses the input method to measure progress for its contracts because it believes such method best depicts the transfer of assets to the customer, which occurs as the Company incurs costs for the contracts. However, in some instances, the Company uses the output method because it best depicts the transfer of asset to the customer. Under the cost-to-cost measure of progress, the progress toward completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. When the measure of progress is based upon expended labor, progress toward completion is measured as the ratio of labor time expended to date versus the total estimated labor time required to complete the performance obligation. Revenue is recorded proportionally as costs are incurred or as labor is expended. Costs to fulfill these obligations include internal labor as well as subcontractor costs.

Customer training includes courses offered by the Company. The related revenue is typically recognized as the training services are performed.

~~RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)~~

~~(unaudited)~~

The Company's typical performance obligations include the following:

Performance Obligation

When Performance Obligation is Typically Satisfied

When Payment is Typically Due

Software and Product Revenue

Software licenses (perpetual or term)

Upon transfer of control; typically, when made available for download (point in time)

Generally, within 30 days of invoicing except for term licenses, which may be paid for over time

Software licenses (subscription)

Upon activation of hosted site (over time)

Generally, within 30 days of invoicing

Hardware

When control of the hardware passes to the customer; typically, upon delivery (point in time)

Generally, within 30 days of invoicing

Software upgrades

Upon transfer of control; typically, when made available for download (point in time)

Generally, within 30 days of invoicing

Customer Support Revenue

Customer support

Ratably over the course of the support contract (over time)

Generally, within 30 days of invoicing

Professional Services

Other professional services (excluding training services)

As work is performed (over time)

Generally, within 30 days of invoicing (upon completion of services)

Training

When the class is taught (point in time)

Generally, within 30 days of services being performed

Significant Judgments

The Company's contracts with customers often include promises to transfer multiple products and services to the customer. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment.

Judgment is required to determine the standalone selling price ("SSP") for each distinct performance obligation. The Company typically has more than one SSP for individual products and services due to the stratification of those products and services by customers and circumstances. In these instances, the Company may use information such as the size of the customer and geographic region in determining the SSP.

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue is a contract liability representing amounts collected from or invoiced to customers in excess of revenue recognized. This results primarily from the billing of annual customer support agreements where the revenue is recognized over the term of the agreement. The value of deferred revenue will increase or decrease based on the timing of recognition of revenue.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company disaggregates its revenue from contracts with customers based on the nature of the products and services and the geographic regions in which each customer is domiciled. The Company's revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 was disaggregated as follows:

~~RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)~~

~~(unaudited)~~



Three months ended September 30, 2023	Product revenue		Service revenue (maintenance)		Service revenue (professional services)		Total revenue
United States	$	40,162	$	33,454	$	12,440	$	86,056
Europe, Middle East and Africa	31,969		18,268		8,120		58,357
Asia Pacific	32,070		10,016		3,043		45,129
Other	4,300		7,534		1,785		13,619
	$	108,501	$	69,272	$	25,388	$	203,161



Three months ended September 30, 2022	Product revenue		Service revenue (maintenance)		Service revenue (professional services)		Total revenue
United States	$	42,373	$	32,980	$	11,684	$	87,037
Europe, Middle East and Africa	42,454		20,022		7,147		69,623
Asia Pacific	19,077		11,382		3,186		33,645
Other	7,248		7,605		1,969		16,822
	$	111,152	$	71,989	$	23,986	$	207,127


Three months ended September 30, 2021		Product revenue		Service revenue (maintenance)		Service revenue (professional services)		Total revenue
Nine months ended September 30, 2023										Nine months ended September 30, 2023	Product revenue		Service revenue (maintenance)		Service revenue (professional services)		Total revenue
United States	United States	$	47,134	$	33,391	$	12,764	$	93,289	United States	$	131,774	$	100,417	$	35,135	$	267,326

Europe, Middle East and Africa	Europe, Middle East and Africa	32,234		19,290		7,971		59,495		Europe, Middle East and Africa	88,235		56,393		22,374		167,002

Asia Pacific	Asia Pacific	26,087		10,618		4,215		40,920		Asia Pacific	89,495		29,552		8,456		127,503
Other	Other	6,271		8,371		2,052		16,694		Other	9,662		23,126		5,319		38,107
		$	111,726	$	71,670	$	27,002	$	210,398		$	319,166	$	209,488	$	71,284	$	599,938


Nine months ended September 30, 2022	Product revenue		Service revenue (maintenance)		Service revenue (professional services)		Total revenue
United States	$	128,056	$	99,090	$	33,689	$	260,835
Europe, Middle East and Africa	95,392		56,464		20,503		172,359
Asia Pacific	64,471		31,178		10,791		106,440
Other	17,890		23,320		5,277		46,487
	$	305,809	$	210,052	$	70,260	$	586,121

Nine months ended September 30, 2021 Product revenue Service revenue (maintenance) Service revenue (professional services) Total revenue
United States $ 140,074 $ 97,813 $ 35,516 $ 273,403
Europe, Middle East and Africa 91,751 59,684 22,622 174,057
Asia Pacific 70,714 31,203 13,886 115,803
Other 20,205 24,112 6,800 51,117
$ 322,744 $ 212,812 $ 78,824 $ 614,380

The Company's product revenue from indirect sales through its channel partner program and from its direct sales program for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 was as follows (in thousands):

Three months ended Nine months ended
September 30,
2022 September 30,
2021 September 30,
2022 September 30,
2021
Indirect sales through channel partner program $ 34,382 $ 25,214 $ 86,335 $ 72,491
Direct sales 76,770 86,512 219,474 250,253
$ 111,152 $ 111,726 $ 305,809 $ 322,744

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)


	Three months ended				Nine months ended
	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Indirect sales through channel partner program	$	35,950	$	34,382	$	109,454	$	86,335
Direct sales	72,551		76,770		209,712		219,474
	$	108,501	$	111,152	$	319,166	$	305,809

The Company's product revenue from sales to enterprise customers and from sales to service provider customers for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 was as follows (in thousands):

~~RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)~~

~~(unaudited)~~


		Three months ended				Nine months ended					Three months ended				Nine months ended
		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021			September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Sales to enterprise customers	Sales to enterprise customers	$	33,136	$	20,034	$	78,056	$	67,225	Sales to enterprise customers	$	32,044	$	33,136	$	97,163	$	78,056
Sales to service provider customers	Sales to service provider customers	78,016		91,692		227,753		255,519		Sales to service provider customers	76,457		78,016		222,003		227,753
		$	111,152	$	111,726	$	305,809	$	322,744		$	108,501	$	111,152	$	319,166	$	305,809

The Company's product revenue and service revenue components by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, ~~and 2021~~respectively were as follows (in thousands):


		Three months ended				Nine months ended					Three months ended				Nine months ended
		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021			September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Product revenue:	Product revenue:									Product revenue:
Cloud and Edge	Cloud and Edge	$	51,321	$	65,587	$	153,081	$	180,100	Cloud and Edge	$	42,305	$	51,321	$	137,496	$	153,081
IP Optical Networks	IP Optical Networks	59,831		46,139		152,728		142,644		IP Optical Networks	66,196		59,831		181,670		152,728
Total product revenue	Total product revenue	$	111,152	$	111,726	$	305,809	$	322,744	Total product revenue	$	108,501	$	111,152	$	319,166	$	305,809

Service revenue:	Service revenue:									Service revenue:
Maintenance:	Maintenance:									Maintenance:
Cloud and Edge	Cloud and Edge	$	55,686	$	56,786	$	165,895	$	169,445	Cloud and Edge	$	55,004	$	55,686	$	164,848	$	165,895
IP Optical Networks	IP Optical Networks	16,303		14,884		44,157		43,367		IP Optical Networks	14,268		16,303		44,640		44,157
Total maintenance revenue	Total maintenance revenue	71,989		71,670		210,052		212,812		Total maintenance revenue	69,272		71,989		209,488		210,052
Professional services:	Professional services:									Professional services:
Cloud and Edge	Cloud and Edge	17,678		20,064		52,595		59,735		Cloud and Edge	18,456		17,678		53,157		52,595
IP Optical Networks	IP Optical Networks	6,308		6,938		17,665		19,089		IP Optical Networks	6,932		6,308		18,127		17,665
Total professional services revenue	Total professional services revenue	23,986		27,002		70,260		78,824		Total professional services revenue	25,388		23,986		71,284		70,260
Total service revenue	Total service revenue	$	95,975	$	98,672	$	280,312	$	291,636	Total service revenue	$	94,660	$	95,975	$	280,772	$	280,312

Revenue Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable; unbilled receivables, which are contract assets; and customer advances and deposits, which are contract liabilities, in the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets. Amounts are billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms, either at periodic intervals or upon achievement of contractual milestones. Completion of services and billing may occur subsequent to revenue recognition, resulting in contract assets. The Company may receive advances or deposits from its customers before revenue is recognized, resulting in contract liabilities that are classified as deferred revenue. These assets and liabilities are reported in the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets on a contract-by-contract basis as of the end of each reporting period. Changes in the contract asset and liability balances during the ~~three~~nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 were not materially impacted by any factors other than billing and revenue recognition. Nearly all of the Company's deferred revenue balance is related to services revenue, primarily customer support contracts. Unbilled receivables stem primarily from engagements where services have been performed; however, billing cannot occur until services are completed.

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

In some arrangements, the Company allows customers to pay for term-based software licenses and products over the term of the software license. The Company also sells SaaS-based software under subscription arrangements, with payment terms over the term of the SaaS agreement. Amounts recognized as revenue in excess of amounts billed are recorded as unbilled receivables. Unbilled receivables that are anticipated to be invoiced in the next twelve months are included in Accounts receivable on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets. The changes in the Company's accounts receivable, unbilled receivables and deferred revenue balances for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 were as follows (in thousands):

~~RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)~~

~~(unaudited)~~

Accounts receivable Unbilled accounts receivable Deferred revenue (current) Deferred revenue (long-term)
Balance at January 1, 2022 $ 208,972 $ 73,945 $ 109,119 $ 20,619
Increase (decrease), net (63,441) 18,358 (18,980) 1,566
Balance at September 30, 2022 $ 145,531 $ 92,303 $ 90,139 $ 22,185


	Accounts receivable		Unbilled accounts receivable		Deferred revenue (current)		Deferred revenue (long-term)
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	170,969	$	96,275	$	113,939	$	19,254
Increase (decrease), net	(15,120)		(9,941)		(6,403)		(1,389)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	155,849	$	86,334	$	107,536	$	17,865

The Company recognized approximately $8592 million of revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 that was recorded as deferred revenue at December 31, 2022 and approximately $85 million of revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 that was recorded as deferred revenue at December 31, ~~2021 and approximately $81 million of revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 that was recorded as deferred revenue at December 31, 2020.~~2021. Of the Company's deferred revenue reported as long-term in its condensed consolidated balance sheet at September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company expects that approximately $4 million will be recognized as revenue in ~~2023,~~2024, approximately $109 million ~~million~~ will be recognized as revenue in ~~2024~~2025 and approximately $85 million ~~million~~ will be recognized as revenue in ~~2025~~2026 and beyond.

All freight-related customer invoicing is recorded as revenue, while the shipping and handling costs that occur after control of the promised goods or services transfer to the customer are reported as fulfillment costs, a component of Cost of revenue - product in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Deferred Commissions Cost

Sales commissions earned by the Company's employees are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Expense related to commission payments has been deferred on our condensed consolidated balance sheet and is being amortized over the expected life of the customer contract, which averages five years. The current and long-term portions of deferred commission expense are included as components of Other current assets and Other assets, respectively. ~~At both~~The Company had capitalized deferred sales commissions of $3.4 million and $3.6 million as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021, the Company had $3.8 million of deferred sales commissions capitalized.~~2022, respectively.

~~(12)~~(13) OPERATING SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company has two reportable segments, which are intended to align with the manner in which the business is managed: Cloud and Edge, and IP Optical Networks.

The Cloud and Edge segment provides secure and reliable software and hardware products, solutions and services for enabling Voice over Internet Protocol ("VoIP") communications, Voice over Long-Term Evolution ("VoLTE") and Voice Over 5G ("VoNR") communications, and Unified Communications and Collaboration ("UC&C") within service provider and enterprise networks and from the cloud. The Cloud and Edge products are increasingly software-centric and cloud-native for deployment on private, public or hybrid cloud infrastructures, in data centers, on enterprise premises and within service provider networks. Ribbon's Cloud and Edge product portfolio consists primarily of its Session Border Controller ("SBC") products and its Network Transformation ("NTR") products.

The IP Optical Networks segment provides high-performance, secure solutions for IP networking and optical transport, supporting wireless networks including 5G, metro and edge aggregation, core networking, data center interconnect, legacy transformation and transport solutions for wholesale carriers. This portfolio is offered to service provider, enterprise and industry verticals with critical transport network infrastructures including utilities, government, defense, transportation, and education and research.

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

The Company has not provided segment asset information as such information is not provided to the CODM and accordingly, asset information is not used in assessing segment performance. Segment revenue and expenses included in the tables below represent direct revenue and expense attributable to each segment. Please see Note 4 for information regarding the allocation of goodwill between segments.

The CODM utilizes revenue and adjusted gross profit to measure and assess each segment's performance. The Company calculates adjusted gross profit by excluding from cost of revenue: amortization of acquired technology and stock-based

~~RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)~~

~~(unaudited)~~

compensation, and may also exclude other items in future periods that the Company believes are not part of the Company's core business. Adjusted gross profit is not a financial measure determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies, and should not be considered a substitute for gross profit or other results reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP. See below for a reconciliation of adjusted gross profit to gross profit, which is the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure.

The tables below provide information regarding revenue, adjusted gross profit, and depreciation expense by reportable segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 (in thousands):


		Three months ended				Nine months ended					Three months ended				Nine months ended
		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021			September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Segment revenue:	Segment revenue:									Segment revenue:
Cloud and Edge	Cloud and Edge	$	124,685	$	142,437	$	371,571	$	409,280	Cloud and Edge	$	115,765	$	124,685	$	355,501	$	371,571
IP Optical Networks	IP Optical Networks	82,442		67,961		214,550		205,100		IP Optical Networks	87,396		82,442		244,437		214,550
Revenue	Revenue	$	207,127	$	210,398	$	586,121	$	614,380	Revenue	$	203,161	$	207,127	$	599,938	$	586,121


		Three months ended				Nine months ended					Three months ended				Nine months ended
		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021			September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Segment adjusted gross profit:	Segment adjusted gross profit:									Segment adjusted gross profit:
Cloud and Edge	Cloud and Edge	$	81,524	$	95,998	$	243,196	$	276,170	Cloud and Edge	$	78,455	$	81,524	$	231,729	$	243,196
IP Optical Networks	IP Optical Networks	31,287		24,918		69,556		84,544		IP Optical Networks	32,862		31,287		78,613		69,556
Total segment adjusted gross profit	Total segment adjusted gross profit	112,811		120,916		312,752		360,714		Total segment adjusted gross profit	111,317		112,811		310,342		312,752
Stock-based compensation expense	Stock-based compensation expense	(725)		(588)		(1,906)		(1,412)		Stock-based compensation expense	(657)		(725)		(1,982)		(1,906)
Amortization of acquired technology	Amortization of acquired technology	(7,768)		(9,674)		(23,923)		(29,435)		Amortization of acquired technology	(7,157)		(7,768)		(21,985)		(23,923)

Gross profit	Gross profit	$	104,318	$	110,654	$	286,923	$	329,867	Gross profit	$	103,503	$	104,318	$	286,375	$	286,923


		Three months ended				Nine months ended					Three months ended				Nine months ended
		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021			September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022

Segment depreciation expense:	Segment depreciation expense:									Segment depreciation expense:
Cloud and Edge	Cloud and Edge	$	2,753	$	3,018	$	8,153	$	9,297	Cloud and Edge	$	2,426	$	2,753	$	7,402	$	8,153
IP Optical Networks	IP Optical Networks	1,162		1,191		3,535		3,387		IP Optical Networks	1,118		1,162		3,201		3,535
Depreciation expense	Depreciation expense	$	3,915	$	4,209	$	11,688	$	12,684	Depreciation expense	$	3,544	$	3,915	$	10,603	$	11,688

~~(13)~~

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

(14) MAJOR CUSTOMERS

The following customers contributed 10% or more of the Company's revenue in the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021:~~2022:

Three months ended

Nine months ended

Three months ended

Nine months ended

September 30,
2022

September 30,
2021

September 30,
2022

September 30,
2021

September 30,
2023

September 30,
2022

September 30,
2023

September 30,
2022

Verizon Communications Inc.

13%

18%

16%

17%

Verizon Communications Inc.

11%

13%

11%

16%

AT&T

10%

AT&T

10%

* Less than 10% of total revenue.

At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, no customer accounted for 10% or more of the Company's accounts receivable balance. ~~At December 31, 2021, one customer accounted for 10% or more of the Company's accounts receivable balance, representing approximately 15% of total accounts receivable.~~ The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and

~~RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)~~

~~(unaudited)~~

generally does not require collateral on accounts ~~receivable, although in some instances the Company may require letters of credit to support customer outstanding accounts receivable balances.~~receivable. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts and such losses have historically been within management's expectations.

~~(14)~~(15) STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS

~~2019 Stock Incentive Plan~~

The ~~Company's~~Company grants stock-based compensation to employees, officers and non-employee directors, as well as consultants and advisors of the Company and its subsidiaries under its Amended and Restated 2019 Incentive Award Plan, ~~(the "2019 Plan")~~as amended which provides for the award of ~~options to purchase the Company's common~~ stock ~~("stock options"),~~options, stock appreciation rights, ~~("SARs"),~~ restricted stock awards ("RSAs"), performance-based stock awards, ~~("PSAs"),~~ restricted stock units ("RSUs"), performance-based stock units ("PSUs") and other stock- or cash-based awards. ~~Awards can be granted under the 2019 Plan to the Company's employees, officers and non-employee directors, as well as consultants and advisors of the Company and its subsidiaries.~~

At the Company's annual meeting of stockholders held on May 25, 2022, the Company's stockholders approved an amendment to the 2019 Plan to increase the number of shares of the Company's common stock authorized for issuance under the 2019 Plan by 10.0 million shares.

~~Assumed Stock Plans~~

In connection with the acquisition of Edgewater Networks, Inc. in August 2018, the Company assumed Edgewater's Amended and Restated 2002 Stock Option Plan (the "Edgewater Plan") to the extent of the shares underlying the options outstanding under the Edgewater Plan as of the Edgewater Acquisition Date (the "Edgewater Options"). The Edgewater Options were converted to Ribbon stock options (the "Ribbon Replacement Options") which are vesting under the same schedules as the respective Edgewater Options.

In connection with the Company's acquisitions of Performance Technologies Inc. ("PT") in 2014, and Network Equipment Technologies, Inc. ("NET") in 2012, the Company assumed their stock plans (collectively, the "Assumed Plans"). Any outstanding awards under the Assumed Plans that in the future expire, terminate, are cancelled or surrendered, or are repurchased by the Company will be returned to the 2019 Plan. Accordingly, no additional shares may be granted under the Assumed Plans.

Executive Equity Arrangements

Inducement Awards

In connection with his appointment as President and Chief Executive ~~Office~~Officer of Ribbon ~~and as an inducement for Bruce McClelland's ("Mr. McClelland") commencement of employment,~~on March 16, 2020, the Company awarded ~~Mr.~~Bruce McClelland sign-on equity grants, comprised of ~~462,963~~ RSUs and a PSU grant with both market and service conditions (the "Inducement PSUs") on March 16, 2020. The RSUs vested and were released to Mr. McClelland on March 16, 2021. Subject to Mr. McClelland's continued employment, the Inducement PSUs are eligible to vest and be settled in up to 4,750,000 shares of Ribbon common stock upon the achievement of specified share price thresholds on or prior to September 1, 2024. The first share price threshold for Mr. McClelland’s Inducement PSUs was achieved on February 26, 2021, and accordingly 1,333,333 shares were released to him.conditions.

Performance-Based Stock Grants

In addition to granting RSAs and RSUs to its executives and certain of its employees, the Company also grants PSUs to certain of its executives ~~including the Inducement~~and certain other employees. Vesting periods for RSAs, RSUs, and PSUs granted range from oneto ~~Mr. McClelland as described above.~~

~~Each year, beginning in 2019 and continuing through 2022, the Company has~~three years. PSUs granted ~~certain~~consist of ~~its executives (the "2022 PSUs", "2021 PSUs", "2020 PSUs" and "2019 PSUs", respectively), of which~~ 60% ~~of each executive's PSU grant had~~that have both performance and service conditions (the "Performance PSUs") and 40% ~~had~~that have both market and service conditions (the "Market

~~RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)~~

~~(unaudited)~~

PSUs"). ~~The 2019 PSUs earned were released on March 15, 2022; these releases are included in the table below.~~

Each ~~executive's~~ Performance PSU ~~grant~~ is comprised of three consecutive fiscal year performance periods beginning in the year of grant, ~~(each, a "Fiscal Year Performance Period"),~~ with one-third of the Performance PSUs attributable to each Fiscal Year Performance Period. The number of shares that will vest for each Fiscal Year Performance Period, if any, will be based on the achievement of certain metrics related to the Company's financial performance for the applicable year on a standalone basis (each, a "Fiscal Year Performance Condition"). The Company's achievement of the goals for each Fiscal Year Performance Condition (and the number of shares of Company common stock to vest as a result thereof) are being measured on a linear sliding scale in relation to specific threshold, target and stretch performance conditions, with any shares earned vesting in the first quarter of the fiscal year following the third Performance Period of the grant, pending each executive's continued employment with the Company through that date. The number of shares of common stock underlying the Performance PSUs that can be earned will in no event exceed 200% of the Performance PSUs. Shares subject to the Performance PSUs that fail to be earned will be forfeited.

performance period. The Market PSUs have one three-year performance period, beginning January 1 in the year of grant and ending on December 31, three years thereafter (the "Market Performance Period"). The number of shares subject to the Market PSUs that will vest, if any, will be dependent upon the Company's total shareholder return ("TSR") compared with the TSR of the companies included in a custom index for the applicable Market Performance Period, measured by the Compensation Committee after the Market Performance Period ends, with any shares earned vesting in the first quarter of the fiscal year following the respective Market Performance Period, pending each executive's continued employment with the Company through that date.thereafter. The number of shares of common stock underlying the ~~Market~~ PSUs that can be earned will ~~in no event~~not exceed 200% of the Performance or Market PSUs. Shares subject to ~~the Market~~ PSUs that fail to be earned will be forfeited.

~~Accounting for Performance PSUs.~~ Once the grant date criteria have been met for a Fiscal Year Performance Period, the Company records stock-based compensation expense for the respective underlying Performance PSUs based on its assessment of the probability that each performance condition will be achieved and the level, if any, of such achievement. The Compensation Committee determines the number of shares earned, if any, after the Company's financial results for each Fiscal Year Performance Period are finalized. Upon the determination by the Compensation Committee of the number of shares that will be received upon vesting of the Performance PSUs, such number of shares becomes fixed and the unamortized expense is recorded through the remainder of the service period, generally three years from the date of grant, at which time the total Performance PSUs earned, if any, will vest, pending each executive's continued employment with the Company through that date.

~~Accounting for Market PSUs~~. PSUs that include a market condition require the use of a Monte Carlo simulation approach to model future stock price movements based upon the risk-free rate of return, the date of return, the volatility of each entity and the pair-wise covariance between each entity. These results are then used to calculate the grant date fair values of the respective PSUs. The Company is required to record expense for the PSUs with market conditions through their respective final vesting dates, regardless of the number of shares that are ultimately earned.

3130

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

~~Stock Options~~

~~The activity related to the Company's outstanding stock options for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was as follows:~~

Number of
Shares Weighted
Average
Exercise Price Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual Term
(years) Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
(in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2022 184,169 $ 13.25
Exercised (708) $ 1.77
Expired (11,609) $ 16.39
Outstanding at September 30, 2022 171,852 $ 13.09 1.90 $ 15
Vested or expected to vest at September 30, 2022 171,852 $ 13.09 1.90 $ 15
Exercisable at September 30, 2022 171,852 $ 13.09 1.90 $ 15

~~Both the total intrinsic value of options exercised and cash received in connection with those exercises was nominal in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.~~

Restricted Stock Units

The activity related to the Company's RSUs for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 was as follows:


		Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value			Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested balance at January 1, 2022		5,389,611	$	6.19
Unvested balance at January 1, 2023					Unvested balance at January 1, 2023	7,649,747	$	3.96
Granted	Granted	5,665,068	$	3.12	Granted	4,852,840	$	2.90

Vested	Vested	(2,808,137)	$	6.00	Vested	(3,927,390)	$	4.20
Forfeited	Forfeited	(685,571)	$	5.13	Forfeited	(623,602)	$	4.05
Unvested balance at September 30, 2022		7,560,971	$	4.06
Unvested balance at September 30, 2023					Unvested balance at September 30, 2023	7,951,595	$	3.19

The total grant date fair value of shares of restricted stock underlying RSUs that vested during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 was ~~$16.8~~$16.5 million.

Performance-Based Stock Units

The activity related to the Company's PSUs for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 was as follows:


		Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value			Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested balance at January 1, 2022		4,987,876	$	2.87
Unvested balance at January 1, 2023					Unvested balance at January 1, 2023	6,653,503	$	2.52
Granted	Granted	2,228,073	$	3.27	Granted	1,800,202	$	3.26
Vested	Vested	(179,184)	$	5.02	Vested	(381,071)	$	6.91
Forfeited	Forfeited	(383,262)	$	7.82	Forfeited	(1,706,133)	$	4.05
Unvested balance at September 30, 2022		6,653,503	$	2.52
Unvested balance at September 30, 2023					Unvested balance at September 30, 2023	6,366,501	$	2.09

The total grant date fair value of shares of restricted stock underlying PSUs that vested during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 was ~~$0.9~~$2.6 million.

~~RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)~~

~~(unaudited)~~

Stock-Based Compensation

The condensed consolidated statements of operations include stock-based compensation for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 as follows (in thousands):


		Three months ended				Nine months ended					Three months ended				Nine months ended
		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021			September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Product cost of revenue	Product cost of revenue	$	133	$	96	$	339	$	216	Product cost of revenue	$	121	$	133	$	385	$	339
Service cost of revenue	Service cost of revenue	592		492		1,567		1,196		Service cost of revenue	536		592		1,597		1,567
Research and development	Research and development	1,289		1,223		3,735		3,010		Research and development	1,259		1,289		3,821		3,735
Sales and marketing	Sales and marketing	1,567		1,581		4,418		5,207		Sales and marketing	1,402		1,567		5,673		4,418
General and administrative	General and administrative	1,260		1,169		3,436		4,782		General and administrative	1,632		1,260		5,438		3,436
		$	4,841	$	4,561	$	13,495	$	14,411		$	4,950	$	4,841	$	16,914	$	13,495

At September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, there was ~~$26.7~~$22.7 million, net of expected forfeitures, of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested ~~stock options~~RSUs and ~~stock units.~~PSUs. This expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately two years.

~~(15)~~

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

(16) LEASES

The Company has operating ~~and finance~~ leases for corporate offices and research and development facilities and has historically had finance leases for certain equipment. Operating leases are reported separately in the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets. Assets acquired under finance leases, if any, are included in Property and equipment, net, in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. A contract is determined to contain a lease component if the arrangement provides the Company with a right to control the use of an identified asset. Lease agreements may include lease and non-lease components. In such instances for all classes of underlying assets, the Company does not separate lease and non-lease components but rather, accounts for the entire arrangement under leasing guidance. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet and lease expense for these leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are initially measured based on the present value of the future minimum fixed lease payments (i.e., fixed payments in the lease contract) over the lease term at the commencement date. As the Company's existing leases do not have a readily determinable implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of future minimum fixed lease payments. The Company calculates its incremental borrowing rate to reflect the interest rate that it would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment over a similar term and considers its historical borrowing activities and market data from entities with comparable credit ratings in this determination. The measurement of the right-of-use asset also includes any lease payments made prior to the commencement date (excluding any lease incentives) and initial direct costs incurred. The Company assessed its right-of-use assets for impairment as of September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 and determined no impairment has occurred.

Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease and the Company incorporates such options in the lease term when it has the unilateral right to make such an election and it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. In making this determination, the Company considers its prior renewal and termination history and planned usage of the assets under lease, incorporating expected market conditions.

For operating leases, lease expense for minimum fixed lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The expense for finance leases includes both interest and amortization expense components, with the interest component calculated based on the effective interest method and the amortization component calculated based on straight-line amortization of the right-of-use asset over the lease term. Lease contracts may contain variable lease costs, such as common area maintenance, utilities and tax reimbursements that vary over the term of the contract. Variable lease costs are not included in

~~RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)~~

~~(unaudited)~~

minimum fixed lease payments and as a result, are excluded from the measurement of the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. The Company expenses all variable lease costs as incurred.

Certain leased facilities are being partially or fully vacated as part of the 2022 Restructuring Plan and for some of those facilities, the Company has no plans to enter into sublease agreements.Accordingly, the Company accelerated the amortization of those lease assets through the planned cease-use date of each facility, resulting in additional amortization expense of $0.2 million and $0.8 million, respectively, in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and $0.6 million and ~~$1.6~~$1.6 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. ~~The Company also recorded expense of $0.7 million and $1.0 million~~No variable lease costs were accrued in the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022, respectively,~~2023 for ~~all~~future estimated ~~future~~ variable expenses related to assets partially or fully vacated with no intent or ability to sublease. Variable lease costs ~~related to those facilities.~~

~~In connection with the 2020 Restructuring Plan, the Company accelerated amortization totaling $0.2 million and $0.6 million in~~for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2021,~~2022 included accruals of $0.7 million and $1.0 million, respectively, for ~~leased facilities that were vacated in 2021 as part of the consolidation of certain sites following the ECI Acquisition. The Company did not record~~all future estimated ~~future~~ variable ~~lease costs in the three or nine months ended September 30, 2022~~expenses related to ~~the 2020 Restructuring Plan.~~certain assets partially or fully vacated with no intent or ability to sublease.

~~In connection with the 2019 Restructuring Plan, certain lease assets related to facilities were partially or fully vacated as the Company consolidated its facilities.The Company had no plans to enter into sublease agreements for some of those facilities.The Company ceased use of those facilities in the first quarter of 2021, the first and fourth quarters of 2020, and the third quarter of 2019.~~Accordingly, the Company accelerated the amortization of the associated lease assets through the planned cease-use date of each facility, resulting in additional amortization expense of $3.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The Company also recorded expense of $1.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 for all estimated future variable lease costs related to those facilities.The Company did not record expense for accelerated amortization or estimated future variable lease costs in connection with the 2019 Restructuring Plan in the three months ended September 30, 2021. The Company did not record expense for accelerated amortization or estimated future variable lease costs in connection with the 2019 Restructuring Plan in the three or nine months ended September 30, 2022.

All accelerated amortization and accrual of future variable costs are recorded as Restructuring and related expense in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations. At September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the Company had accruals of ~~$2.2~~$1.6 million and ~~$1.6~~$2.0 million, respectively, for all future anticipated variable lease costs related to these facilities. The Company may incur additional future expense if it is unable to sublease other locations included in the Facilities ~~Initiative.~~Consolidations Initiatives.

The Company leases its corporate offices and other facilities under operating leases, which expire at various times through ~~2032. The Company's right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows (in thousands):~~

Classification September 30,
2022 December 31,
2021
Assets:
  Operating lease assets Operating lease right-of-use assets $ 48,079 $ 53,147
  Finance lease assets* Property and equipment, net 43 287
    Total leased assets $ 48,122 $ 53,434
Liabilities:
  Current:
    Operating Operating lease liabilities $ 15,617 $ 17,403
    Finance Accrued expenses and other 159 503
  Noncurrent:
    Operating Operating lease liabilities, net of current 49,137 55,196
    Finance Other long-term liabilities 4 64
      Total lease liabilities $ 64,917 $ 73,166

* Finance lease assets were recorded net of accumulated depreciation of $1.2 million and $1.8 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

3432

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

2032. The Company's right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):


	Classification	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets:
Operating lease assets	Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	39,167	$	44,888

Liabilities:
Current Operating	Operating lease liabilities	$	14,901	$	15,416
Non-Current Operating	Operating lease liabilities, net of current	38,282		46,183
Total Operating lease liabilities		$	53,183	$	61,599

The components of lease expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 were as follows (in thousands):


		Three months ended				Nine months ended					Three months ended				Nine months ended
		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021			September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022

Operating lease cost*	Operating lease cost*	$	5,233	$	4,996	$	15,401	$	19,027	Operating lease cost*	$	4,708	$	5,233	$	14,205	$	15,401
Finance lease cost:	Finance lease cost:									Finance lease cost:
Amortization of leased assets	Amortization of leased assets	64		158		244		567		Amortization of leased assets	—		64		—		244
Interest on lease liabilities	Interest on lease liabilities	2		12		12		58		Interest on lease liabilities	—		2		—		12
Short-term lease cost	Short-term lease cost	3,610		3,327		10,451		9,889		Short-term lease cost	3,454		3,610		10,544		10,451
Variable lease costs (costs excluded from minimum fixed lease payments)**	Variable lease costs (costs excluded from minimum fixed lease payments)**	1,424		589		3,283		3,247		Variable lease costs (costs excluded from minimum fixed lease payments)**	819		1,424		2,525		3,283
Sublease income	Sublease income	(502)		(510)		(1,439)		(985)		Sublease income	(282)		(502)		(1,105)		(1,439)
Net lease cost	Net lease cost	$	9,831	$	8,572	$	27,952	$	31,803	Net lease cost	$	8,699	$	9,831	$	26,169	$	27,952

* Operating lease costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 included ~~$0.6~~$0.2 million and ~~$1.6~~$0.8 million, respectively, of accelerated amortization for certain assets partially or fully vacated with no intent or ability to sublease. Operating lease costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 included ~~$3.4~~$0.6 million and $1.6 million, respectively, of accelerated amortization for certain assets partially or fully vacated with no intent or ability to sublease.

** No ~~such accelerated amortization was recorded in the three months ended September 30, 2021.~~

** Variablevariable lease costs ~~for~~were accrued in the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022 included accruals of $0.7 million and $1.0 million, respectively,~~2023 for future estimated variable expenses related to certain assets partially or fully vacated with no intent or ability to sublease. Variable lease costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 included accruals of ~~$1.4~~$0.7 million and $1.0 million, respectively, for all future estimated variable expenses related to certain assets partially or fully vacated with no intent or ability to sublease. ~~No such variable costs were accrued in the three months ended September 30, 2021.~~

Cash flow information related to the Company's leases for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 was as follows (in thousands):


		Nine months ended						Nine months ended
			September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021				September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:	Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:						Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows for operating leases	Operating cash flows for operating leases		$	15,662	$	16,509	Operating cash flows for operating leases		$	14,315	$	15,662
Operating cash flows for finance leases	Operating cash flows for finance leases		$	12	$	58	Operating cash flows for finance leases		$	—	$	12
Financing cash flows for finance leases	Financing cash flows for finance leases		$	433	$	736	Financing cash flows for finance leases		$	—	$	433

~~Other information related to the Company's leases as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was as follows:~~

September 30,
2022 December 31,
2021
Weighted average remaining lease term (years):
  Operating leases 5.97 6.25
  Finance leases 0.42 1.00
Weighted average discount rate:
  Operating leases 5.70 % 5.61 %
  Finance leases 3.20 % 4.15 %

~~Future minimum fixed lease payments under noncancelable leases at September 30, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):~~

3533

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

Operating Finance
leases leases
Remainder of 2022 $ 4,758 $ 98
2023 18,301 66
2024 15,375 —
2025 8,158 —
2026 6,720 —
2027 and beyond 24,165 —
  Total lease payments 77,477 164
  Less: interest (12,723) (1)
    Present value of lease liabilities $ 64,754 $ 163
Other information related to the Company's leases as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was as follows:


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Weighted average remaining lease term (years):
Operating leases	5.64		5.90

Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases	6.19	%	5.79	%

Future minimum fixed lease payments under noncancelable leases at September 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):



	Operating
	leases
Remainder of 2023	$	4,682
2024	16,983
2025	9,243
2026	7,517
2027	6,549
2028	18,418
Total lease payments	63,392
Less: interest	(10,209)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	53,183

~~(16)~~(17) INCOME TAXES

The ~~Company's~~Company recorded income tax provisions ~~for~~of $11.5 million and $12.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, ~~and 2021~~respectively. These amounts reflect the Company's estimates of the effective rates expected to be applicable for the respective full years, adjusted for any discrete events, which are recorded in the period ~~that~~in which they occur. These estimates are reevaluated each quarter based on the Company's estimated tax expense for the full fiscal year. The estimated effective tax rate includes the impact of valuation allowances in various jurisdictions. The Company intends to continue to maintain a valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets until there is sufficient evidence to support the reversal of all or some portion of the respective allowances. ~~During~~

(18) RELATED PARTIES

The Company recognized revenue from its largest stockholder of $1.3 million and $0.6 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $7.1 million and $1.7 million in the ~~Company recognized a tax benefit of $6.8M~~nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Additionally, as discussed in Note 11, certain related toparty stockholders participated in the release of a valuation allowance on the capital loss deferred tax asset related to its investment in AVCT. The Company generated a capital loss from the cancellation of the AVCT Debenture Shares and Warrants, which it concluded will be carried back to offset capital gains recognized in a prior tax year.Private Placement.

Beginning in 2022, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the "TCJA") eliminates the option to deduct research and development expenditures currently and requires taxpayers to amortize them over a minimum of five years pursuant to IRC Section 174. Although Congress is considering legislation that would defer the amortization requirement to later years, the Company has no assurance that the provision will be repealed or otherwise modified. If this provision of the TCJA is not repealed or otherwise modified, it will materially reduce the Company's operating cash flows in 2022.

~~(17)~~(19) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Liabilities for Royalty Payments to the IIA

Prior to the Company's acquisition of ECI ~~Acquisition,~~Telecom Group Ltd. ("ECI"), ECI had received research and development grants from the Office of the Innovation Authority of the Israeli Ministry of Economics (the "IIA"). The Company assumed ECI's contract with the IIA, which requires the Company to pay royalties to the IIA on proceeds from the sale of products which the Israeli government has supported by way of research and development grants. The royalties for grants prior to 2017 were calculated at the rates of 1.3% to 5.0% of the aggregated proceeds from the sale of such products developed at certain of the

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

Company's R&D centers, up to an amount not exceeding 100% of such grants plus interest at LIBOR. Effective for grants approved in 2017 and subsequently, interest was calculated at the higher of LIBOR plus 1.5% to 2.75%. At September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company's maximum possible future royalties commitment, including $~~4.6~~1.8 million of unpaid royalties accrued, was $~~31.0~~21.6 million, including interest of $~~1.5~~0.9 million, based on estimates of future product sales, grants received from the IIA not yet repaid, and management's estimation of products still to be sold.

~~Research and Development Grants~~

The Company records grants received from the IIA as a reduction to research and development expense. Royalties payable to the IIA are recognized pursuant to sales of related products and are classified as Cost of revenue. The Company does not anticipate receiving material grants from the IIA in the foreseeable future.

~~RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)~~

~~(unaudited)~~

Litigation

The Company is often a party to disputes and legal proceedings that it considers routine and incidental to its business, including those described below. The Company believes that it has meritorious defenses to the allegations made in the pending cases and intends to vigorously defend these lawsuits; however, the Company is unable currently to forecast the ultimate outcome of these or similar matters. Since it is difficult to predict the outcome of legal proceedings, it is possible that the ultimate outcomes could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Accordingly, with respect to these proceedings, the Company is currently unable to reasonably estimate the possible loss or range of possible loss.

Miller Complaint. On November 8, 2018, Ron Miller, a purported stockholder of the Company, filed a Class Action Complaint (the "Miller Complaint") in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts (the "Massachusetts District Court") against the Company and three of its former officers (collectively, the "Defendants"), claiming to represent a class of purchasers of Sonus common stock during the period from January 8, 2015 through March 24, 2015 and alleging violations of the federal securities laws. Similar to a previous complaint entitled Sousa et al. vs. Sonus Networks, Inc. et al., which was dismissed with prejudice by an order dated June 6, 2017, the Miller Complaint claims that the Defendants made misleading forward-looking statements concerning Sonus' expected fiscal first quarter of 2015 financial performance, which statements were also the subject of an August 7, 2018 Securities and Exchange Commission Cease and Desist Order, whose findings the Company neither admitted nor denied. The Miller plaintiffs are seeking monetary damages.

After the Miller Complaint was filed, several parties filed and briefed motions seeking to be selected by the Massachusetts District Court to serve as a Lead Plaintiff in the action. On June 21, 2019, the Massachusetts District Court appointed a group as Lead Plaintiffs and the Lead Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint on July 19, 2019. On August 30, 2019, the Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the Miller Complaint and, on October 4, 2019, the Lead Plaintiffs filed an opposition to the motion to dismiss. There was an oral argument on the motion to dismiss on February 12, 2020, and on October 20, 2022 the court denied the motion to dismiss. ~~No schedule has been set~~In June 2023, the Defendants agreed to a settlement in principle with the named plaintiffs, and the settlement was preliminarily approved by the court on October 18, 2023. The proposed settlement remains subject to final approval by the affected stockholders and the court. The court has set April 24, 2024 as the hearing date for ~~this matter.~~final approval of the proposed settlement. If approved, the proposed settlement would provide a release of all claims asserted in the litigation to all Defendants, who continue to deny liability, and the proposed $4.5 million settlement amount is expected to be fully paid by the Company's Directors and Officers liability insurance.

Charter Complaint. On September 19, 2022, Charter Communications Operating, LLC (“Charter”) filed two complaints against two of our subsidiaries (Sonus Networks, Inc. and Ribbon Communications Operating Company, Inc.) alleging breach of contract with respect to indemnification obligations purportedly owed to Charter in connection with Charter’s legal dispute with Sprint Communications Company L.P., which was settled by Charter in March 2022. One complaint was filed in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, in New York County; the ~~other~~second complaint was filed by Charter as well as ~~co-Plaintiffs~~co-plaintiffs Charter Communications Holding Company, LLC and Bright House Networks, LLC, in the Superior Court of the State of Delaware in and for New Castle County. In both ~~suits,~~complaints, Charter is seeking monetary damages. ~~We have not yet~~The Company filed anits answer to ~~Charter’s complaints,~~the first complaint file in New York on December 7, 2022 and to the second complaint filed in Delaware on January 9, 2023. Discovery is on-going and the court in the Delaware complaint has set a preliminary trial date of January 2025.

WideOpenWest Complaint. On August 9, 2023, WideOpenWest, Inc. and WideOpenWest Finance, LLC (collectively, “WOW”) filed a complaint against Ribbon alleging breach of contract with respect to indemnification obligations purportedly owed to WOW in connection with WOW’s legal dispute with Sprint Communications Company L.P., which was settled by WOW in the second quarter of 2023. The complaint was filed in the 429th Judicial District of the District Court of the State of Texas, in Collin County, Texas and has since been transferred to the 493rd Judicial District Court in Collin County. In the

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

complaint, WOW is seeking monetary damages. The Company filed its answer to the complaint on October 5, 2023. Discovery is on-going and no ~~schedule~~trial date has been set ~~by either court.~~at this time.

3736

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion of the financial condition and results of operations of Ribbon Communications Inc. should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited financial statements and notes thereto and Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, which was filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on March ~~11, 2022.~~31, 2023.

Overview

We are a leading global provider of communications technology to service providers and enterprises. We provide a broad range of software and high-performance hardware products, solutions and services that enable the secure delivery of data and voice communications for residential consumers and for small, medium and large enterprises and industry verticals such as finance, education, government, utilities and transportation. Our mission is to create a recognized global technology leader providing ~~cloud-centric~~ solutions that enable the secure exchange of information, with unparalleled scale, performance and elasticity. Headquartered in Plano, Texas, we have a global presence with research and development and/or sales and support locations in over ~~thirty-five~~thirty countries around the world.

~~Impact of COVID-19 on Our Business~~Key Trends and Economic Factors Affecting Ribbon

~~The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative effect on~~Supplier Disruptions. Ongoing uncertainty in the global economy ~~disrupting~~due to inflation, the wars in Israel and Ukraine, and other factors, continue to disrupt various manufacturing, commodity and financial markets, ~~and increasing~~increase volatility, and ~~has impeded~~impede global supply chains. Continued uncertain global economic conditions as a result of the continuing COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in areas experiencing higher case numbers as a result of new variants, may cause our customers to restrict spending or delay purchases for an indeterminate period of time and consequently cause our revenues to decline. In addition, ourOur ability to deliver our solutions as agreed upon with our customers depends in part on the ability of our global contract manufacturers, vendors, licensors and other business partners to deliver products or perform services we have procured from them.

Continued uncertain global economic conditions, may cause our customers to restrict spending or delay purchases for an indeterminate period of time and consequently cause our revenues to decline. Further, such factors may negatively impact our operating costs resulting in a reduction in net income. The degree to which the ~~continuing COVID-19 pandemic~~ongoing military conflict in Ukraine and the high inflationary and rising interest rate environment impacts our future business, financial position and results of operations will depend on developments beyond our control, including the effectiveness of vaccines over the long-term or with respect to new variants, the frequency and duration of future waves of infection, the extent of actions to contain or treat the virus, how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can result after new future waves, and the severity and duration of the global economic downturn that has resulted from these factors.

The Ongoing Wars in Israel and Ukraine. The uncertainty resulting from the ~~pandemic.~~wars in Israel and Ukraine and the threat for expansion of one or both of these wars could result in some of our customers delaying purchases from us. As a result of safety concerns, we closed our offices in Israel for several days. Although our employees in these offices have the ability to work remotely and business continuity plans are in place to address any medium- or long-term disruptions that could result from the closure of these offices, the office closures and general effects of employees operating in a region at war could have a negative impact on our operations. Further, a number of our employees in Israel are members of the military reserves and subject to immediate call-up in response to the war in Israel. Following the terrorist attacks in Israel in October 2023, a number of our employees have been activated for military duty and we expect that additional employees will also be activated if the war in Israel continues. While we have business continuity plans in place to address the military call-ups, it could affect the timing of projects in the short-term as the work is shifted to other team members both inside and outside of Israel.

Further, the U.S. and other European countries have imposed sanctions and trade restrictions against Russia in connection with the war in Ukraine. These sanctions and restrictions currently prohibit our ability to sell certain products and services. The sanctions continue to evolve and further changes in the current sanctions or trade restrictions could further limit our ability to sell products and services to customers in Russia and, our ability to collect on outstanding accounts receivable from such customers. If we are further limited in our ability to sell products and services to Russia and other countries for an extended period, it could have a material impact on our financial results.

Inflation and Interest Rates. We continue to see near-term impacts on our business due to inflation, including ongoing global price pressures driving up energy prices, component costs, freight premiums, and other operating costs above normal rates. Although headline inflation in the United States and Europe appears to be nearing a peak, core inflation (excluding food and energy prices) remains elevated and is a source of continued cost pressure on businesses and households. Interest rates have increased significantly as central banks in developed countries attempt to subdue inflation while government deficits and debt remain at high levels in many global markets. Accordingly, the eventual implications of higher government deficits and debt, tighter monetary policy, and potentially higher long-term interest rates may drive a higher cost of capital for our business.

Presentation

Unless otherwise noted, all financial amounts, excluding tabular information, in this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") are rounded to the nearest million dollar amount, and all percentages, excluding tabular information, are rounded to the nearest percentage point.

~~Equity Offering~~

Private Placement

On ~~August 12, 2022,~~March 28, 2023, we ~~entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with certain~~issued 55,000 shares of newly designated Series A Preferred Stock (the "Preferred Stock") to investors ~~for the sale (the "Equity Offering")~~ in a private placement ~~by us~~offering at a price of ~~17,071,311~~$970 per share, along with 4.9 million warrants (the "Warrants") to purchase shares ~~(the "Shares")~~of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the "Private Placement"), at aan exercise price of ~~$3.05~~$3.77 per share. The ~~aggregate gross~~ proceeds from the ~~Equity Offering~~Private Placement were approximately ~~$52.1~~$53.4 million, ~~before deducting offering expenses paid by us of~~including approximately ~~$1.7 million. We intend~~$10 million from existing related party stockholders. For additional detail on the Private Placement, see Note 11 - Preferred Stock and Warrants to ~~use the net proceeds from the Equity Offering to fund general corporate purposes, including capital expenditures, working capital and repayment of debt.~~

~~Reclassification of Amortization of Acquired Intangible Assets~~

In 2021, we reclassified amounts recorded for amortization of certain acquired intangible assets in prior presentations from Total operating expenses under the caption "Amortization of acquired intangible assets" to Total cost of revenue under the caption "Amortization of acquired technology" in the consolidated statements of operations. Our management believes this presentation aids in the comparability of our financial statements to industry peers. These reclassifications did not impact our operating income (loss), net income (loss) or earnings (loss) per share for any historical periods. These reclassifications also

~~did not impact~~ our condensed consolidated ~~balance sheets or statements of cash flows.~~

financial statements.

This reclassification resulted in $9.7 million and $29.4 million of expense recorded to Amortization of acquired technology within Total cost of revenue in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, and decreases to Amortization of acquired intangible assets within Total operating expenses of $9.7 million and $29.4 million, respectively. The increases to Total cost of revenue decreased our gross profit as a percentage of revenue ("gross margin") by approximately five percentage points in both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

Operating Segments

Our Chief Operating Decision Maker assesses our performance based on the performance of two separate organizations within Ribbon: the Cloud and Edge operating segment ("Cloud and Edge") and the IP Optical Networks operating segment ("IP Optical Networks"). For additional details regarding our operating segments, see Note 1213 - Operating Segment Information to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Financial Overview

Financial Results

We reported ~~a loss~~income from operations of $0.9 million and losses from operations of $3.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, ~~and income~~respectively. We reported losses from operations of ~~$2.0~~$41.0 million ~~for the three months ended September 30, 2021. We reported a loss from operations of~~and $49.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, ~~and income from operations of $2.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.~~ ~~The loss from operations in 2022 is primarily related to lower sales, the impact from higher supply chain costs and the incremental investment in R&D within our IP Optical Networks segment.~~respectively.

Our revenue was ~~$207.1~~$203.2 million and ~~$210.4~~$207.1 million in the three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. Our gross profit and gross margin were $103.5 million and 50.9%, respectively, in the three months ended September 30, 2023, and $104.3 million and 50.4%, respectively, in the three months ended September 30, ~~2022, and $110.7 million and 52.6%, respectively,~~2022. The lower revenue in the three months ~~ended September 30, 2021.~~of 2023 compared to 2022 is due to $8.9 million of lower Cloud and Edge sales, partially offset by $5.0 million of higher IP Optical sales. Our revenue was ~~$586.1~~$599.9 million and ~~$614.4~~$586.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. Our gross profit and gross margin were $286.4 million and 47.7%, respectively, in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and $286.9 million and 49.0%, respectively, in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022, and $329.9 million and 53.7%, respectively, in the nine months ended September 30, 2021.~~ 2022. The ~~lower~~higher revenue in the nine months of ~~2022~~2023 compared to ~~2021~~2022 is ~~primarily related~~due to ~~lower SBC sales and lower service revenue from Service Provider VoIP Network Transformation projects~~ ~~completing~~$29.9 million ~~in the first quarter.~~of higher IP Optical sales, partially offset by $16.1 million of lower Cloud and Edge sales.

Revenue from our Cloud and Edge segment was ~~$124.7~~$115.8 million and ~~$142.4~~$124.7 million in the three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. Gross profit and gross margin for this segment were$74.7 million and 64.6%, respectively, in the three months ended September 30, 2023, and $76.4 million and 61.3%, respectively, in the three months ended September 30, ~~2022, and $89.0 million and 62.5%, respectively, in the three months ended September 30, 2021.~~2022. Revenue from our Cloud and Edge segment was ~~$371.6~~$355.5 million and ~~$409.3~~$371.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. Gross profit and gross margin for this segment were $220.1 million and 61.9%, respectively, in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and $227.4 million and 61.2%, respectively, in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022, and $255.4 million and 62.4%, respectively, in the nine months ended September 30, 2021.~~2022.

Revenue from our IP Optical Networks segment was ~~$82.4~~$87.4 million and ~~$68.0~~$82.4 million in the three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. Gross profit and gross margin for this segment were$28.8 million and 32.9%, respectively, in the three months ended September 30, 2023, and $27.9 million and 33.8%, respectively, in the three months ended September 30, ~~2022, and $21.7 million and 31.9%, respectively, in the three months ended September 30, 2021.~~2022. Revenue from our IP Optical Networks segment was ~~$214.6~~$244.4 million and ~~$205.1~~$214.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. Gross profit and gross margin for this segment were $66.2 million and 27.1%, respectively, in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and $59.5 million and 27.7%, respectively, in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and $74.5 million and 36.3%, respectively, in the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Gross margin in 2022 is lower than 2021 due to higher component and logistics costs, as well as increased investment in customer service to support our expanded global footprint.

Our operating expenses were ~~$107.6~~$102.6 million and ~~$108.7~~$107.6 million in the three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~ 2022,

respectively, and ~~$336.5~~$327.3 million and ~~$327.5~~$336.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. The ~~increased~~decreased operating expenses are primarily related to ~~higher~~lower R&D ~~investment in our IP Optical Networks segment to support~~and sales and marketing expenses, partially offset by higher restructuring and related expense and higher general and administrative expense. Operating expenses for the ~~expansion~~three months ended September 30, 2023 included $7.2 million of ~~the portfolio.~~amortization of acquired intangible assets, $0.8 million of acquisition-, disposal- and integration-related expense, and $2.7 million of restructuring and related expense. Operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2022 included $7.5 million of amortization of acquired intangible assets, $1.0 million of acquisition-, disposal- and integration-related expense, and $1.3 million of restructuring and related expense. Operating expenses for the ~~three~~nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2023 included ~~$7.5~~$21.7 million of amortization of acquired intangible assets, ~~$2.0~~$3.0 million of acquisition-, disposal- and integration-related expense, and ~~$1.8~~$13.9 million of restructuring and related expense. Operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 included $22.3 million of amortization of acquired intangible assets, $4.4 million of acquisition-, disposal- and integration-related

expense, and $9.0 million of restructuring and related expense. Operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 included $20.8 million of amortization of acquired intangible assets, $4.2 million of acquisition-, disposal- and integration-related expense, and $10.5 million of restructuring and related expense.

We recorded stock-based compensation expense of ~~$4.8~~$5.0 million and ~~$4.6~~$4.8 million in the three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, and ~~$13.5~~$16.9 million and ~~$14.4~~$13.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, ~~and 2021, respectively~~respectively. These amounts are included as components of both Cost of revenue and Operating expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

See "Results of Operations" in this MD&A for a discussion of the changes in our revenue and expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2021.~~2022.

Restructuring and Cost Reduction Initiatives

2023 Restructuring Plan. In February 2023, our Board of Directors approved a strategic restructuring program (the "2023 Restructuring Plan") to streamline the Company's operations in order to support the Company's investment in critical growth areas. The 2023 Restructuring Plan includes, among other things, charges related to a workforce reduction. Any potential positions eliminated in countries outside the United States are subject to local law and consultation requirements.

We recorded restructuring and related expense of $0.9 million and $9.4 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, in connection with the 2023 Restructuring Plan for severance related costs. We anticipate that we will record future expense for severance of approximately $1 million in connection with the 2023 Restructuring Plan.

2022 Restructuring Plan. In February 2022, our Board of Directors approved a strategic restructuring program (the "2022 Restructuring Plan") to streamline the Company's operations in order to support the Company's investment in critical growth areas. The 2022 Restructuring Plan ~~is expected to include,~~includes, among other things, charges related to a consolidation of facilities and a workforce reduction. Any positions eliminated in countries outside the United States are subject to local law and consultation requirements.

We recorded restructuring and related expense of ~~$1.3~~$1.9 million and ~~$8.3~~$4.6 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, respectively, in connection with the 2022 Restructuring Plan. The amount for the three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 was comprised of ~~$1.0~~$1.7 million for variable and other facilities-related costs ~~$0.6~~and $0.2 million for accelerated amortization of lease assets no longer being used with no ability or intent to ~~sublease, and $(0.3) million for severance and related costs.~~sublease. The amount for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 was comprised of ~~$4.7 million for severance and related costs for approximately 60 employees, $2.0~~$3.8 million for variable and other facilities-related costs and ~~$1.6~~$0.8 million for accelerated amortization of lease assets no longer being used with no ability or intent to sublease. We anticipate that we will record future expense for ~~severance and~~ facility consolidations aggregating approximately $9$14 million in connection with the 2022 Restructuring Plan. We have increased the total anticipated expense for facilities consolidation under the 2022 Restructuring Plan from our original estimation as we consolidate additional space within two of our facilities.

Accelerated Rent Amortization. Accelerated rent amortization is recognized from the date that we commence the plan to fully or partially vacate a facility, for which there is no intent or ability to enter into a sublease, through the final vacate date. We recorded ~~$1.6~~$0.2 million and ~~$3.4~~$0.8 million for accelerated rent amortization in the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022 and 2021, respectively.~~2023. We continue to evaluate our properties included in our restructuring plans for accelerated amortization and/or right-of-use asset impairment. We may incur additional future expense if we are unable to sublease other locations included in these initiatives.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

~~Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations~~This MD&A is based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). The preparation of these financial

statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience, knowledge of current conditions and beliefs of what could occur in the future given available information. We consider the following accounting policies to be both those most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and those that require the most subjective judgment: revenue recognition, the valuation of inventory, ~~the valuation of our investment in American Virtual Cloud Technologies Inc. (the "AVCT Investment"),~~debentures and warrants received as sale consideration, warranty accruals, loss contingencies and reserves, stock-based compensation, our Preferred Stock and Warrants, business combinations, goodwill and intangible assets, accounting for leases, and accounting for income taxes. If actual results differ significantly from management's estimates and projections, there could be a material effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

There ~~were no~~was one significant ~~changes~~change to our critical accounting policies ~~from January 1, 2022 through~~during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022.~~ 2023 with the addition of a policy for accounting for our Preferred Stock and Warrants that were issued in the Private Placement on March 28, 2023 as follows:

Preferred Stock and Warrants

We account for the Preferred Stock and Warrants as liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of their specific terms in accordance with ASC Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity. The fair value option was elected for the Preferred Stock, as we consider fair value to best reflect the expected future economic value. These liabilities are remeasured to fair value at each reporting date using the same valuation methodology applied upon issuance.

For a further discussion of our ~~other~~ critical accounting policies and estimates, please refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

Results of Operations

Three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022

Revenue. Revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 was as follows (in thousands, except percentages):


		Three months ended				Decrease from prior year					Three months ended				Decrease from prior year
		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		$		%			September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		$		%
Product	Product	$	111,152	$	111,726	$	(574)	(0.5)	%	Product	$	108,501	$	111,152	$	(2,651)	(2.4)	%
Service	Service	95,975		98,672		(2,697)		(2.7)	%	Service	94,660		95,975		(1,315)		(1.4)	%
Total revenue	Total revenue	$	207,127	$	210,398	$	(3,271)	(1.6)	%	Total revenue	$	203,161	$	207,127	$	(3,966)	(1.9)	%


		Nine months ended				Decrease from prior year					Nine months ended				Increase from prior year
		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		$		%			September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		$		%
Product	Product	$	305,809	$	322,744	$	(16,935)	(5.2)	%	Product	$	319,166	$	305,809	$	13,357	4.4	%
Service	Service	280,312		291,636		(11,324)		(3.9)	%	Service	280,772		280,312		460		0.2	%
Total revenue	Total revenue	$	586,121	$	614,380	$	(28,259)	(4.6)	%	Total revenue	$	599,938	$	586,121	$	13,817	2.4	%

Segment revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 was as follows (in thousands):


		Three months ended September 30, 2022						Three months ended September 30, 2021							Three months ended September 30, 2023						Three months ended September 30, 2022
		Cloud and Edge		IP Optical Networks		Total		Cloud and Edge		IP Optical Networks		Total			Cloud and Edge		IP Optical Networks		Total		Cloud and Edge		IP Optical Networks		Total
Product	Product	$	51,321	$	59,831	$	111,152	$	65,587	$	46,139	$	111,726	Product	$	42,305	$	66,196	$	108,501	$	51,321	$	59,831	$	111,152
Service	Service	73,364		22,611		95,975		76,850		21,822		98,672		Service	73,460		21,200		94,660		73,364		22,611		95,975
Total revenue	Total revenue	$	124,685	$	82,442	$	207,127	$	142,437	$	67,961	$	210,398	Total revenue	$	115,765	$	87,396	$	203,161	$	124,685	$	82,442	$	207,127

Nine months ended September 30, 2022 Nine months ended September 30, 2021
Cloud and Edge IP Optical Networks Total Cloud and Edge IP Optical Networks Total
Product $ 153,081 $ 152,728 $ 305,809 $ 180,100 $ 142,644 $ 322,744
Service 218,490 61,822 280,312 229,180 62,456 291,636
Total revenue $ 371,571 $ 214,550 $ 586,121 $ 409,280 $ 205,100 $ 614,380



	Nine months ended September 30, 2023						Nine months ended September 30, 2022
	Cloud and Edge		IP Optical Networks		Total		Cloud and Edge		IP Optical Networks		Total
Product	$	137,496	$	181,670	$	319,166	$	153,081	$	152,728	$	305,809
Service	218,005		62,767		280,772		218,490		61,822		280,312
Total revenue	$	355,501	$	244,437	$	599,938	$	371,571	$	214,550	$	586,121

The ~~slight~~ decrease in our product revenue in the three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 was ~~primarily~~ the result of $9 million of lower sales of our Cloud and Edge ~~network transformation~~ products, ~~as key customers continued the deployment of products purchased earlier in the year,~~ partially offset by $6 million of higher sales of our IP Optical Networks products ~~and Cloud and Edge Analytics solution.~~ . The ~~decrease~~increase in our product revenue in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 was ~~primarily the result~~due to $29 million of higher sales of our IP Optical Networks products, partially offset by $16 million of lower sales of our Cloud and Edge products. ~~SBC~~ ~~and network transformation products, partially offset by higher sales~~The increase in revenue from the sale of IP Optical Networks ~~products.~~ ~~We also estimate~~products was primarily attributable to higher sales in India and the U.S. markets following the introduction of new products and capabilities, including support for Long Haul Optical Transport, 5G Cell Site Routers, and a ~~reduction~~new series of IP Routers. The decrease in ~~our~~ revenue ~~of approximately $2 million and $3 million, respectively, in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022,~~ from the ~~strong US dollar relative to sales in foreign currencies.~~ ~~Service revenue in our~~sale of Cloud and Edge ~~segment~~products was primarily attributable to lower ~~in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared with the same period in 2021 due~~sales to ~~a smaller number of Network Transformation projects completing during the period.~~

~~Revenue from indirect~~U.S. Tier One Service Providers, partially offset by increased sales ~~through our channel partner program was~~ ~~31%~~ ~~and 23% of our product revenue in the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and~~ ~~28%~~ and 22% of our product revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in channel sales reflects stronger deployments through systems integrators as well as sell-thru our Service Provider channel partners, for both IP Optical and Cloud and Edge solutions.to Enterprise customers, including U.S. Federal agencies to support voice network modernization.

Revenue from sales to enterprise customers was 30% ~~and 18%~~ of our product revenue in the three months ended

September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021, respectively.~~2022. These sales were made through both our direct sales team and indirect sales channel partners. Revenue from sales to enterprise customers was~~26%~~ 30% and ~~21%~~26% of our product revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, ~~and 2021,~~ respectively. ~~Cloud and Edge~~Our sales to Enterprise customers in the ~~first~~ nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased by 25% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Revenue from indirect sales through our channel partner program was 33% and 31% of our product revenue in the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, ~~increased slightly compared with~~respectively and 34% and 28% of our product revenue in the ~~same period of 2021.~~ ~~IP Optical~~nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase in channel sales ~~to Enterprise customers increased approximately 21% over the same period.~~reflects stronger deployments through systems integrators as well as sell-through from our Service Provider channel partners.

The timing of the completion of customer projects and revenue recognition criteria satisfaction may cause our product revenue to fluctuate from one period to the next.

Service revenue is primarily comprised of hardware and software maintenance and support (“maintenance revenue”) and network design, installation and other professional services (“professional services revenue”).

Service revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 was comprised of the following (in thousands, except percentages):


		Three months ended				Increase/(Decrease) from prior year					Three months ended				Increase/(Decrease) from prior year
		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		$		%			September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		$		%
Maintenance	Maintenance	$	71,989	$	71,670	$	319	0.4	%	Maintenance	$	69,272	$	71,989	$	(2,717)	(3.8)	%
Professional services	Professional services	23,986		27,002		(3,016)		(11.2)	%	Professional services	25,388		23,986		1,402		5.8	%
		$	95,975	$	98,672	$	(2,697)	(2.7)	%		$	94,660	$	95,975	$	(1,315)	(1.4)	%


		Nine months ended				Decrease from prior year					Nine months ended				Increase/(Decrease) from prior year
		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		$		%			September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		$		%
Maintenance	Maintenance	$	210,052	$	212,812	$	(2,760)	(1.3)	%	Maintenance	$	209,488	$	210,052	$	(564)	(0.3)	%
Professional services	Professional services	70,260		78,824		(8,564)		(10.9)	%	Professional services	71,284		70,260		1,024		1.5	%
		$	280,312	$	291,636	$	(11,324)	(3.9)	%		$	280,772	$	280,312	$	460	0.2	%

Segment service revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 was comprised of the following (in thousands):

Three months ended September 30, 2022 Three months ended September 30, 2021
Cloud and Edge IP Optical Networks Total Cloud and Edge IP Optical Networks Total
Maintenance $ 55,686 $ 16,303 $ 71,989 $ 56,786 $ 14,884 $ 71,670
Professional services 17,678 6,308 23,986 20,064 6,938 27,002
Total service revenue $ 73,364 $ 22,611 $ 95,975 $ 76,850 $ 21,822 $ 98,672


	Three months ended September 30, 2023						Three months ended September 30, 2022
	Cloud and Edge		IP Optical Networks		Total		Cloud and Edge		IP Optical Networks		Total
Maintenance	$	55,004	$	14,268	$	69,272	$	55,686	$	16,303	$	71,989
Professional services	18,456		6,932		25,388		17,678		6,308		23,986
Total service revenue	$	73,460	$	21,200	$	94,660	$	73,364	$	22,611	$	95,975


		Nine months ended September 30, 2022						Nine months ended September 30, 2021							Nine months ended September 30, 2023						Nine months ended September 30, 2022
		Cloud and Edge		IP Optical Networks		Total		Cloud and Edge		IP Optical Networks		Total			Cloud and Edge		IP Optical Networks		Total		Cloud and Edge		IP Optical Networks		Total
Maintenance	Maintenance	$	165,895	$	44,157	$	210,052	$	169,445	$	43,367	$	212,812	Maintenance	$	164,848	$	44,640	$	209,488	$	165,895	$	44,157	$	210,052
Professional services	Professional services	52,595		17,665		70,260		59,735		19,089		78,824		Professional services	53,157		18,127		71,284		52,595		17,665		70,260
Total service revenue	Total service revenue	$	218,490	$	61,822	$	280,312	$	229,180	$	62,456	$	291,636	Total service revenue	$	218,005	$	62,767	$	280,772	$	218,490	$	61,822	$	280,312

~~The 1.3% decrease~~Maintenance revenue was 3.8% lower in ~~maintenance~~the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to the timing of renewals in our IP Optical Network segment. Maintenance revenue was relatively flat in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was primarily attributable to the effect of the strong US dollar on Cloud and Edge segment maintenance fees, offset by higher IP Optical Network segment maintenance fees from the growing installed base of product.2022.

~~The decrease in professional~~Professional services revenue was higher in the three ~~months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021 was primarily attributable to fewer Cloud~~ and ~~Edge VoIP Network Transformation projects completing in the quarter.The decrease in professional services revenue in the~~ nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 compared to the ~~nine months ended September 30, 2021 was also primarily~~same periods in 2022 by 5.8% and 1.5%, respectively, equally attributable to ~~fewer VoIP Network Transformation projects completing, particularly in the first quarter~~increases at both of ~~2022, as well as approximately $1 million of lower revenue from~~ our ~~IP Optical Network segment.~~operating segments.

The following customers contributed 10% or more of our revenue in the three ~~month periods~~and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and 2022:

~~and 2021:~~

Three months ended

Nine months ended

Three months ended

Nine months ended

Customer

September 30,
2022

September 30,
2021

September 30,
2022

September 30,
2021

Customer

September 30,
2023

September 30,
2022

September 30,
2023

September 30,
2022

Verizon Communications Inc.

13%

18%

16%

17%

Verizon Communications Inc.

11%

13%

11%

16%

AT&T

10%

AT&T

10%

* Less than 10% of total revenue.

Revenue from customers domiciled outside the United States was ~~approximately~~ 58%in both the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and 55% and 56% of revenue in the ~~three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and~~ ~~56%~~ ~~in both the~~ nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, ~~and 2021.~~respectively. Due to the timing of project completions, we expect that the domestic and international components as a percentage of revenue may fluctuate from quarter to quarter and year to year.

Our deferred product revenue was $1219 million and ~~$10~~$29 million at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. Our deferred service revenue was $~~100~~106 million and ~~$120~~$104 million at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. Our deferred revenue balance may fluctuate because of the timing of revenue recognition, customer payments, maintenance contract renewals, contractual billing rights and maintenance revenue deferrals included in multiple element arrangements.

We expect that our total revenue will ~~decline slightly~~increase modestly for ~~2022~~2023 compared to ~~2021~~2022 primarily ~~as a result of lower customer spend~~due to the growth in our IP Optical sales, up 14% in the first ~~quarter~~nine months of 2023 versus the first nine months of 2022. From a regional perspective, we anticipate continued IP Optical revenue growth in 2023 from India, Japan, Europe, and North America including the U.S. Rural operators. In the Cloud & Edge segment, we anticipate continued growth in Enterprise including U.S. Federal agencies, offsetting lower spending from U.S. Service Providers.

Cost of Revenue/Gross Margin. Our cost of revenue consists primarily of amounts paid to third-party manufacturers for purchased materials and services, royalties, amortization of acquired technology, inventory valuation adjustments, warranty costs, and manufacturing and services personnel and related ~~costs, and amortization of acquired technology.~~costs. Our cost of revenue, gross profit and gross ~~margins~~margin for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 were as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

Three months ended Increase (decrease)
from prior year
September 30,
2022 September 30,
2021 $ %
Cost of revenue:
Product $ 59,866 $ 53,494 6,372 11.9 %
Service 35,175 36,576 (1,401) (3.8) %
Amortization of acquired technology 7,768 9,674 (1,906) (19.7) %
Total cost of revenue $ 102,809 $ 99,744 3,065 3.1 %
Gross profit $ 104,318 $ 110,654 $ (6,336) (5.7) %

~~Gross margin 50.4 % 52.6 %~~

Nine months ended Increase (decrease)
from prior year
September 30,
2022 September 30,
2021 $ %
Cost of revenue:
Product $ 169,226 $ 144,580 $ 24,646 17.0 %
Service 106,049 110,498 (4,449) (4.0) %
Amortization of acquired technology 23,923 29,435 (5,512) (18.7) %
Total cost of revenue $ 299,198 $ 284,513 $ 14,685 5.2 %
Gross profit $ 286,923 $ 329,867 $ (42,944) (13.0) %

~~Gross margin 49.0 % 53.7 %~~


	Three months ended				Decrease from prior year
	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		$		%
Cost of revenue:
Product	$	59,436	$	59,866	(430)		(0.7)	%
Service	33,065		35,175		(2,110)		(6.0)	%
Amortization of acquired technology	7,157		7,768		(611)		(7.9)	%
Total cost of revenue	$	99,658	$	102,809	(3,151)		(3.1)	%

Gross profit	$	103,503	$	104,318	$	(815)	(0.8)	%





Gross margin	50.9	%	50.4	%


	Nine months ended				Increase (decrease) from prior year
	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		$		%
Cost of revenue:
Product	$	189,426	$	169,226	20,200		11.9	%
Service	102,152		106,049		(3,897)		(3.7)	%
Amortization of acquired technology	21,985		23,923		(1,938)		(8.1)	%
Total cost of revenue	$	313,563	$	299,198	14,365		4.8	%

Gross profit	$	286,375	$	286,923	$	(548)	(0.2)	%





Gross margin	47.7	%	49.0	%

Our segment cost of revenue, gross profit and gross ~~margins~~margin for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 were as follows (in thousands, except percentages):


	Three months ended September 30, 2023						Three months ended September 30, 2022
	Cloud and Edge		IP Optical Networks		Total		Cloud and Edge		IP Optical Networks		Total
Product	$	15,222	$	44,214	$	59,436	$	19,224	$	40,642	$	59,866
Service	22,495		10,570		33,065		24,378		10,797		35,175
Amortization of acquired technology	3,317		3,840		7,157		4,641		3,127		7,768
Total cost of revenue	$	41,034	$	58,624	$	99,658	$	48,243	$	54,566	$	102,809

Gross profit	$	74,731	$	28,772	$	103,503	$	76,442	$	27,876	$	104,318







Gross margin	64.6	%	32.9	%	50.9	%	61.3	%	33.8	%	50.4	%


	Nine months ended September 30, 2023						Nine months ended September 30, 2022
	Cloud and Edge		IP Optical Networks		Total		Cloud and Edge		IP Optical Networks		Total
Product	$	55,498	$	133,928	$	189,426	$	55,260	$	113,966	$	169,226
Service	69,423		32,729		102,152		74,310		31,739		106,049
Amortization of acquired technology	10,442		11,543		21,985		14,577		9,346		23,923
Total cost of revenue	$	135,363	$	178,200	$	313,563	$	144,147	$	155,051	$	299,198

Gross profit	$	220,138	$	66,237	$	286,375	$	227,424	$	59,499	$	286,923







Gross margin	61.9	%	27.1	%	47.7	%	61.2	%	27.7	%	49.0	%

Three months ended September 30, 2022 Three months ended September 30, 2021
Cloud and Edge IP Optical Networks Total Cloud and Edge IP Optical Networks Total
Product $ 19,224 $ 40,642 $ 59,866 $ 20,204 $ 33,290 $ 53,494
Service 24,378 10,797 35,175 26,632 9,944 36,576
Amortization of acquired technology 4,641 3,127 7,768 6,601 3,073 9,674
Total cost of revenue $ 48,243 $ 54,566 $ 102,809 $ 53,437 $ 46,307 $ 99,744
Gross profit $ 76,442 $ 27,876 $ 104,318 $ 89,000 $ 21,654 $ 110,654

~~Gross margin 61.3 % 33.8 % 50.4 % 62.5 % 31.9 % 52.6 %~~

Nine months ended September 30, 2022 Nine months ended September 30, 2021
Cloud and Edge IP Optical Networks Total Cloud and Edge IP Optical Networks Total
Product $ 55,260 $ 113,966 $ 169,226 $ 52,737 $ 91,843 $ 144,580
Service 74,310 31,739 106,049 81,317 29,181 110,498
Amortization of acquired technology 14,577 9,346 23,923 19,867 9,568 29,435
Total cost of revenue $ 144,147 $ 155,051 $ 299,198 $ 153,921 $ 130,592 $ 284,513
Gross profit $ 227,424 $ 59,499 $ 286,923 $ 255,359 $ 74,508 $ 329,867

~~Gross margin 61.2 % 27.7 % 49.0 % 62.4 % 36.3 % 53.7 %~~

Our gross margin ~~decreased in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease in the gross margin~~was slightly higher with a 0.5 percentage point increase in the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 due to a three percentage point increase for our Cloud & Edge segment, partially offset by a one percentage point decline in our IP Optical Networks segment. Our gross margin was one percentage point lower in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 due to a one percentage point decrease for our IP Optical segment, partially offset by a one percentage point increase in our Cloud and Edge segment. The decline in gross margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in ~~the prior year~~2022 was primarily due to the shift in the mix of sales, with higher IP Optical revenue and lower Cloud & Edge sales in 2023 as compared to the same periods in 2022. The higher margins in our Cloud and Edge segment, partially offset by higher margins in our IP Optical Networks segment. The decrease in the gross margin in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the same period in the prior year was primarily due toand lower margins in our IP Optical Networks ~~segment.~~segment, also contributed to the variation in margin year over year. The increase in gross margins in our Cloud and Edge segment were primarily attributable to favorable product mix and lower product costs. The decrease in ~~both periods of two percentage points~~gross margins for our IP Optical segment was due to customer and ~~five percentage points, respectively, was primarily attributable to~~ product ~~and customer~~ mix, ~~and to supply chain disruptions that have led to higher component costs, and higher freight and logistics expenses. We also estimate~~partially offset by a one-time benefit from a reduction in ~~margin of approximately $2 million and $3 million, respectively, in~~royalties due to the ~~three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, from the strong US dollar relative to sales in foreign currencies.~~ ~~We anticipate similar gross margin in the last quarter of 2022 for both segments, with the overall corporate average slightly lower depending on final sales mix.~~IIA.

We believe that our ~~consolidated~~IP Optical Networks segment gross margin will improve in the remainder of 2023. Our overall gross margins may decrease in ~~2022~~2023 compared to ~~2021~~2022 as a result of higher expected sales from IP Optical Networks, which has lower margins due to the higher hardware content in its products and higher production ~~costs resulting from ongoing worldwide supply chain issues.~~costs.

Research and ~~Development Expenses.~~Development. Research and development ("R&D") expenses consist primarily of salaries and related personnel expenses and prototype costs for the design, development, testing, and enhancement of our products. ~~Research and development~~R&D expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 were as follows (in thousands, except percentages):


						Increase from prior year									Decrease from prior year
		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		$		%			September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		$		%
Three months ended	Three months ended	$	49,366	$	49,132	$	234	0.5	%	Three months ended	$	46,229	$	49,366	$	(3,137)	(6.4)	%
Nine months ended	Nine months ended	$	153,159	$	143,339	$	9,820	6.9	%	Nine months ended	$	145,309	$	153,159	$	(7,850)	(5.1)	%

The ~~slight increase~~decrease in our ~~research and development~~R&D expenses in the three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 was primarily attributable to ~~approximately $2 million of higher~~lower expenses in our IP Optical Networks ~~segment, partially offset by approximately $2 million~~segment. The reduced expenses are a combination of lower ~~expenses in our Cloud~~employee headcount and ~~Edge segment.~~

outside subcontractors
.

The ~~increase~~decrease in our ~~research and development~~R&D expenses in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 was ~~primarily~~ attributable to approximately ~~$16 million of higher expenses in our IP Optical Networks segment, partially offset by approximately $6~~$4 million of lower expenses in each of our ~~Cloud and Edge segment.~~two segments.

~~The increased investment in~~Our IP Optical Networks R&D investment is focused on significantly expanding our portfolio of IP Routing solutions, adding additional features to our Optical Transport portfolio, and ~~investment~~supporting features in aour next generation SDN management and orchestration platform.

Some aspects of our ~~research and development~~R&D efforts require significant short-term expenditures, the timing of which may cause significant variability in our expenses. We believe that rapid technological innovation is critical to our long-term success, and we are tailoring our investments to meet the requirements of our customers and market. We believe that our ~~research and development expense~~R&D expenses in 2023 will ~~increase modestly in 2022~~decrease compared to ~~2021, primarily due to our incremental~~2022, with reduced investment in ~~critical growth~~both segments in areas ~~partially offset by~~such as element management and sustaining engineering, as well as cost savings from the 2023 and 2022 Restructuring ~~Plan.~~Plans.

Sales and Marketing Expenses. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily ~~consist~~ of salaries and related personnel costs, commissions, travel and entertainment expenses, promotions, customer trial and evaluations inventory and other marketing and sales support expenses. Sales and marketing expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 were as follows (in thousands, except percentages):


						Increase from prior year									Decrease from prior year
		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		$		%			September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		$		%
Three months ended	Three months ended	$	36,365	$	36,113	$	252	0.7	%	Three months ended	$	32,795	$	36,365	$	(3,570)	(9.8)	%
Nine months ended	Nine months ended	$	109,827	$	108,212	$	1,615	1.5	%	Nine months ended	$	102,099	$	109,827	$	(7,728)	(7.0)	%

The ~~slight increase~~decrease in sales and marketing expenses in 2023 as compared to 2022 is primarily a result of a global sales organization re-alignment that reduced management layers, as well as reduced investment in under-performing regions. In the three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, ~~2021 was primarily attributable to~~2022, this resulted in a reduction

of expenses of approximately $2 million in our IP Optical segment and approximately $1 million ~~of higher expenses allocated to our IP Optical Networks segment, partially offset by approximately $1 million of lower expenses allocated to~~in our Cloud and Edge segment, primarily for travel related costs. Our Sales and Marketing team is responsible for selling the entire portfolio of products and services, and expenses are allocated to each operating segment pro-rata based on revenue contribution.

~~The increase in sales and marketing expenses in~~segment. In the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021 was primarily attributable to~~2022, this resulted in a reduction of expenses of approximately $5 $5 million ~~of higher expenses allocated to~~in our IP Optical Networks segment ~~partially offset by~~and approximately $3$3 million ~~of lower expenses allocated to~~in our Cloud ~~and~~& Edge ~~segment, primarily for employee-related and travel related costs.~~segment.

We believe that our ~~full year 2022~~ sales and marketing expenses will be ~~slightly below 2021 levels.~~lower in 2023 compared to 2022 as we benefit from the re-aligned global sales structure and continue to implement additional efficiencies.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and related personnel costs for executive and administrative personnel, and audit, legal and other professional fees. General and administrative expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 were as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

Decrease
from prior year
September 30,
2022 September 30,
2021 $ %
Three months ended $ 12,118 $ 12,148 $ (30) (0.2) %
Nine months ended $ 37,881 $ 40,435 $ (2,554) (6.3) %

~~Our general and administrative expenses were relatively flat in the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021.~~


					Increase from prior year
	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		$		%
Three months ended	$	12,885	$	12,118	$	767	6.3	%
Nine months ended	$	41,276	$	37,881	$	3,395	9.0	%

The ~~decrease~~increase in general and administrative expenses in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was primarily attributable to lower employee-related expenses in the current year period of approximately $2 million in our IP Optical Networks segment and approximately $1 million of ~~lower depreciation and amortization~~ ~~in our Cloud and Edge segment.~~

Although our general and administrative expenses decreased 6% in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we believe that our general and administrative expenses for the full year 2022 will remain similar to our 2021 levels.

~~Our overall operating costs were lower by approximately $2 million and~~ ~~$4 million, respectively,~~ in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 ~~from the strong US dollar relative~~was primarily attributable to higher stock-based and other incentive compensation.

We believe that our general and administrative expenses ~~incurred~~ in ~~foreign currencies.~~2023 will increase slightly compared to our 2022 levels, primarily due to higher employee costs and as a result of inflation.

Amortization of Acquired Intangible ~~Assets.~~Assets included in Operating expenses. Amortization of acquired intangible assets included in Operating expenses ("Opex Amortization") for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 was as follows (in thousands, except percentages):


						Increase (decrease) from prior year									Decrease from prior year
		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		$		%			September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		$		%
Three months ended	Three months ended	$	7,508	$	7,547	$	(39)	(0.5)	%	Three months ended	$	7,216	$	7,508	$	(292)	(3.9)	%
Nine months ended	Nine months ended	$	22,296	$	20,790	$	1,506	7.2	%	Nine months ended	$	21,740	$	22,296	$	(556)	(2.5)	%

~~The increase in~~ Opex Amortization inwas lower for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2021 was primarily due to higher expense related to customer lists recorded in connection with the ECI Acquisition.~~2022. Opex Amortization is not recorded on a straight-line basis; rather, it is recorded in relation to expected future cash flows. Accordingly, such expense may vary from one period to the next.

Acquisition-, Disposal- and Integration-Related. Acquisition-, disposal- and integration-related expenses include those expenses related to acquisitions that we would otherwise not have incurred. Acquisition- and disposal-related expenses include professional and services fees, such as legal, audit, consulting, paying agent and other fees. Integration-related expenses represent incremental costs related to combining our systems and processes with those of acquired businesses, such as third-party consulting and other third-party services.

Our acquisition-, disposal- and integration-related expenses were ~~$1.0~~$0.8 million and ~~$2.0~~$1.0 million in the three months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively and ~~$4.4~~$3.0 million and ~~$4.2~~$4.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. The amounts for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 primarily related to integration-related expenses. ~~The amounts~~

Restructuring and Related. We have been committed to streamlining our operations and reducing operating costs by closing and consolidating certain facilities and reducing our worldwide workforce. Please see the additional discussion of our restructuring initiatives in the "Restructuring and Cost Reduction Initiatives" section of the Overview of this MD&A.

We recorded restructuring and related expense of $2.7 million and $1.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $13.9 million and $9.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022,

respectively. Although we have eliminated positions as part of our restructuring initiatives, we continue to hire in certain areas that we believe are important to our future growth.

Interest Expense, Net. Interest income and interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2023 and 2022 were primarily incurred for integration-related expenses and professional and services fees in connection with the sale of our Kandy Communications business to American Cloud Technologies, Inc. ("AVCT") on December 1, 2020 (the "Kandy Sale").as follows (in thousands, except percentages):


	Three months ended				Increase from prior year
	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		$		%
Interest income	$	157	$	66	$	91	137.9	%
Interest expense	(7,300)		(5,332)		1,968		36.9	%
Interest expense, net	$	(7,143)	$	(5,266)	$	1,877	35.6	%

~~Restructuring and Related.~~ We have been committed to streamlining our operations and reducing operating costs by closing and consolidating certain facilities and reducing our worldwide workforce. Please see the additional discussion of our restructuring initiatives in the "Restructuring and Cost Reduction Initiatives" section of the Overview of this MD&A.

We recorded restructuring and related expense of $1.3 million and $1.8 million in the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $9.0 million and $10.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Although we have eliminated positions as part of our restructuring initiatives, we continue to hire in certain areas that we believe are important to our future growth.


	Nine months ended				Increase from prior year
	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		$		%
Interest income	$	273	$	164	$	109	66.5	%
Interest expense	(20,604)		(14,033)		6,571		46.8	%
Interest expense, net	$	(20,331)	$	(13,869)	$	6,462	46.6	%

~~Interest Expense, Net.~~ ~~Interest income and interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in thousands, except percentages):~~

Three months ended Increase (decrease)
from prior year
September 30,
2022 September 30,
2021 $ %
Interest income $ 66 $ 924 $ (858) (92.9) %
Interest expense (5,332) (3,893) 1,439 37.0 %
Interest expense, net $ (5,266) $ (2,969) $ 2,297 77.4 %

Nine months ended Increase (decrease)
from prior year
September 30,
2022 September 30,
2021 $ %
Interest income $ 164 $ 3,668 $ (3,504) (95.5) %
Interest expense (14,033) (15,504) (1,471) (9.5) %
Interest expense, net $ (13,869) $ (11,836) $ 2,033 17.2 %

~~We recorded nominal interest income in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.~~ We received debentures (the "Debentures") and warrants in connection with the Kandy Sale. The Debentures bore interest at 10% per annum. We recorded $0.9 million and $3.6 million of interest income in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, which was added to the principal amount of the Debentures, and which is included in Interest expense, net, in our condensed consolidated statement of operations for those periods. The Debentures were converted to shares of AVCT common stock on September 8, 2021.

Interest expense in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 primarily ~~represented~~represents interest and amortization of debt issuance costs in connection with the 2020 Credit Facility (as defined below). The increase in Interest expense in the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2021 was comprised of interest~~2023 compared to the three and ~~debt issuance costs in connection with the 2020 Credit Facility, coupled with interest on finance leases. Interest expense in the~~ nine months ended September 30, ~~2021 also included~~2022 was primarily due to higher margin costs on our 2020 Term Loan, higher costs in 2023 for factoring certain accounts receivable, and the ~~write-off~~write off of ~~$2.5 million of capitalized~~ debt issuance costs in ~~connection~~conjunction with the ~~Third~~March 2023 Sixth Amendment ~~(as defined below).~~to the 2020 Credit Facility, partially offset by the amortization of the gains in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income from the sales of our interest rate swap. Our interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 benefited from our interest rate swap, which was sold in March 2023. See Note 10 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Other ~~(Expense) Income,~~Expense, Net. We recorded other expense, net ~~aggregating $3.7~~of $2.6 million and ~~$57.7~~$3.7 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, ~~and 2021, respectively, and~~respectively. We recorded other expense, net ~~aggregating $42.8~~of $0.5 million and ~~$66.0~~$42.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Other expense in the three months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily attributable to foreign currency exchange losses. Other expense in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily comprised of foreign currency exchange losses of $1.2 million, the $1.6 million fair value adjustment of our Preferred Stock and Warrants, including dividends on the Preferred Stock, and $3.5 million of costs incurred in the Private Placement, partially offset by the gain of $7.3 million recognized from Accumulated other comprehensive income in connection with the sale of our interest rate swap. The primary component of other expense in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was the decline of $1.9 million and ~~2021, respectively. The primary component in all periods was losses from the change~~$41.3 million, respectively, in the fair value of the AVCT Investment which ~~were $1.9 million and $56.5 million~~was cancelled in ~~the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $41.3 million and $68.3 million~~a settlement agreement in ~~the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.~~August 2022.

Income Taxes. We recorded income tax provisions of ~~$12.4~~$4.6 million and ~~$5.4~~$6.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively and $11.5 million and $12.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. These amounts reflect our estimates of the effective rates expected to be applicable for the respective full fiscal years, adjusted for any discrete events, which are recorded in the period that they occur. These estimates are reevaluated each quarter based on our estimated tax rate for the full ~~fiscal~~ year. The estimated effective tax rate includes the impact of valuation allowances in various jurisdictions. ~~During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized a tax benefit of $6.8M related~~We intend to ~~the release of~~continue to maintain a valuation allowance on ~~the capital loss~~our deferred tax ~~asset related~~assets until there is sufficient evidence to ~~its investment in AVCT. The Company generated a capital loss from~~support the ~~cancellation~~reversal of all or some portion of the ~~AVCT Debenture Shares and Warrants, which it concluded will be carried back to offset capital gains recognized in a prior tax year.~~respective allowances.

~~Beginning~~The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (the "OECD") announced on October 8, 2021 the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (the "Framework"), an agreement to a two-pillar solution to address tax challenges arising from digitalization of the economy. On December 20, 2021, the OECD released Pillar Two Model Rules defining the global minimum tax rules, which contemplate a minimum tax rate of 15%. The OECD continues to release additional guidance on these rules and the Framework calls for law enactment by OECD and G20 members to take effect in ~~2022,~~2023 and 2024. These changes, when enacted by various countries in which we do business, may increase our taxes in these countries. Changes to these and other areas in relation to international tax reform, including future actions taken by foreign governments in response to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, ~~(the "TCJA") eliminates the option to deduct research~~could increase uncertainty and ~~development expenditures currently~~may adversely affect our tax rate and requires taxpayers to amortize them over a minimum of five years pursuant to IRC Section 174. Although Congress is considering legislation that would defer the amortization requirement to later years, we have no assurance that the provision will be repealed or otherwise modified. If this provision of the TCJA is not repealed or otherwise modified, it will materially reduce our operating cash flows in ~~2022.~~future years.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on our financial position, changes in financial position, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows are summarized as follows (in thousands):


		Nine months ended							Nine months ended
		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		Change			September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		Change
Net loss	Net loss	$	(118,571)	$	(80,877)	$	(37,694)	Net loss	$	(73,285)	$	(118,571)	$	45,286
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash flows (used in) provided by operating activities		96,149		143,460		(47,311)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash flows used in operating activities								Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash flows used in operating activities	61,754		96,149		(34,395)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities	Changes in operating assets and liabilities	(20,040)		(54,684)		34,644		Changes in operating assets and liabilities	8,479		(20,040)		28,519
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities		$	(42,462)	$	7,899	$	(50,361)
Net cash used in operating activities								Net cash used in operating activities	$	(3,052)	$	(42,462)	$	39,410
Net cash used in investing activities	Net cash used in investing activities	$	(13,044)	$	(11,335)	$	(1,709)	Net cash used in investing activities	$	(6,620)	$	(13,044)	$	6,424
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		$	6,207	$	(28,017)	$	34,224
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities								Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	$	(32,163)	$	6,207	$	(38,370)

~~Our~~We had cash and ~~restricted~~ cash ~~aggregated $56~~equivalents aggregating $25 million and $67 million at September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~$106 million at~~ December 31, ~~2021. These amounts included~~2022, respectively. We had cash ~~and restricted cash aggregating $37 million at September 30, 2022 and $60 million at December 31, 2021~~ held by our non-U.S. ~~subsidiaries.~~subsidiaries aggregating $15 million at both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. If we ~~elected~~elect to repatriate all ~~excess~~of the funds held by our non-U.S. subsidiaries as of September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, we do not believe that the amounts of potential withholding taxes that would arise from the repatriation would have a material effect on our liquidity.

We currently maintain the Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreement (as amended, the "2020 Credit Facility"), which we entered into on March 3, 2020, by and among us, as a guarantor, Ribbon Communications Operating Company, Inc., as the borrower ("Borrower"), Citizens Bank, N.A. ("Citizens"), ~~as administrative agent, a lender, issuing lender, swingline lender, joint lead arranger and bookrunner,~~ Santander Bank, N.A., and others as ~~a lender, joint lead arranger and bookrunner, and the other~~ lenders, ~~party thereto (each, together with Citizens Bank, N.A. and Santander Bank, N.A., referred to individually as a "Lender", and collectively, the "Lenders"~~("Lenders"). For additional details regarding the terms of the 2020 Credit Facility, see Note 9 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

On March 3, 2021 (the "Third Amendment Effective Date"), we entered into a Third Amendment to Credit Agreement (the "Third Amendment"), which further amended the 2020 Credit Facility. The Third Amendment provided for an incremental term loan facility to us in the original principal amount of $74.6 million, the proceeds of which were used on the Third Amendment Effective Date to consummate an open market purchase of all outstanding amounts under the Term B Loan. Upon the consummation of the open market purchase, the Term B Loans were assigned to the Borrower and immediately canceled, such that the outstanding amount under the Term A Loan and incremental term loan facility were combined and held by the Lenders (the "2020 Term Loan").

~~On March~~ 10, 2022, we entered into athe Fourth Amendment to the 2020 Credit Facility ~~(the "Fourth Amendment")~~ to increase the Maximum Consolidated Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2020 Credit Facility) ~~to 4.25:1.00 for the first quarter of 2022~~ and ~~4.50:1.00 for the second quarter of 2022, with reductions~~ in ~~subsequent quarters through the third quarter of 2023, when the ratio will be fixed at 3.00:1.00. In connection with the Fourth Amendment,~~conjunction we made a $15.0 million prepayment that was applied to the final payment due on the maturity date. Subsequent to the Fourth Amendment, we were required to make quarterly principal payments on the 2020 Term Loan aggregating approximately $20 million per year for the next two years and $30 million in the following year, with the final payment approximating $285 million due on the maturity date.

On June 30, 2022, we entered into athe Fifth Amendment to the 2020 Credit Facility (the "Fifth Amendment") to increase the Maximum Consolidated Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2020 Credit Facility) ~~to 5.25:1.00~~ for ~~the second quarter of~~ 2022, ~~5.00:1.00 for the third quarter of 2022, and 4.75:1.00 for~~with the fourth quarter of ~~2022.~~2022 increased to 4.75:1.00. In the 1st and 2nd quarters of 2023, the Maximum Consolidated Net Leverage Ratio allowed declines to 3.25:1.00 and in all subsequent quarters the ratio will be fixed at 3.00:1.00. Also, the Fifth Amendment reduced the minimum Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the 2020 Credit Facility) in 2022, with the fourth quarter of 2022 reduced to 1.10:1.00 ~~for~~and in all subsequent quarters the ~~second, third and fourth quarters of 2022 and~~ratio will be fixed at 1.25:1.00. In addition, the Fifth Amendment increased the maximum rate at which loans bear interest if our Consolidated Net Leverage Ratio for any quarter is greater than 4.50:1.00. Specifically, ~~pursuant to the Fifth Amendment,~~ loans incurred ~~under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities~~ bear interest, at our option, at either LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 1.50% to 4.50% per year, or the base rate ~~(the highest of the Federal Funds Effective Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement)~~ plus 0.50%, or the prime rate ~~announced from time to time in The Wall Street Journal)~~ plus a margin ranging from 0.50% to 3.50% per ~~year (such margins being referred to as the “Applicable Margin”). In addition, the~~year. The Fifth Amendment also allows us to incur junior secured or unsecured debt in an amount no less than $50 million, subject to certain conditions, including the requirement that 50% of the aggregate amount of such incurred debt (net of certain costs, fees and other amounts) must be applied to prepay the ~~Senior Secured~~2020 Credit

~~Facilities,~~ Facility, and compliance with certain leverage ratio-based covenant exceptions. In connection with the Fifth Amendment, we made a $10.0 million voluntary prepayment that was applied to the final payment due on the maturity date. Subsequent to the Fifth Amendment, we are required to make quarterly principal payments on the 2020 Term Loan aggregating approximately $5.0 million per quarter through March 31, 2024 and $10.0 million in each of the three quarters thereafter, with the remaining and final payment ~~approximating $275 million~~ due on the maturity date in March 2025.

On March 24, 2023, we entered into the Sixth Amendment to the 2020 Credit Facility (the “Sixth Amendment”) effective March 30, 2023. The Sixth Amendment, among other things, increased the Maximum Consolidated Net Leverage Ratio (as

defined in the 2020 Credit Facility), with the first, second and third quarters of 2023 increasing to 4.50:1.00. In the fourth quarter of 2023 and the first quarter of 2024, the Maximum Consolidated Net Leverage Ratio declines to 4.25:1.00 and 4.00:1.00, respectively. In all subsequent quarters, the Maximum Consolidated Senior Net Leverage Ratio will be fixed at 3.00:1.00 and the Maximum Consolidated Net Leverage Ratio will be fixed at 4.00:1.00. Also, the Sixth Amendment reduced the minimum Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the 2020 Credit Facility) to 1.10:1.00 through the first quarter of 2024 and in all subsequent quarters the ratio will be fixed at 1.25:1.00. The Sixth Amendment reduced the maximum borrowings allowed under the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility from $100 million to $75 million and the sublimit available for letters of credit was reduced from $30 million to $20 million. In addition, the Sixth Amendment replaced LIBOR with the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") as the alternative rate that may be used by the Company for calculating interest owed under the 2020 Credit Facility with the margin now fixed at 4.5%. In conjunction with the Sixth Amendment, we made a $75 million prepayment that was applied to the final payment due upon maturity in March 2025 of approximately $200.3 million. The $75 million prepayment was almost entirely funded with the net proceeds from the Private Placement and the sales of our interest rate swap. Debt issuance costs associated with the Sixth Amendment totaled $1.7 million and are being amortized on a straight line basis over the remaining life of the 2020 Credit Facility to Interest expense, net.

At September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, we had an outstanding balance under the 2020 Term Loan of ~~$335.5~~$240.4 million at an average interest rate of ~~5.4%~~9.9%, an outstanding balance under the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility of $10.0 million at an average interest rate of 9.9%, and $3 million~~$3.3 million~~ of letters of credit outstanding with an interest rate of 4.5%. The Company's interest rates under our 2020 Term Loan for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 benefited from a hedge instrument that was in place, specifically a fixed rate swap, which was sold in March 2023 (see Note 10). We were in compliance with all covenants of the 2020 Credit Facility at both September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~2022, including the current Consolidated Net Leverage Ratio calculation that considers our debt to include Preferred Stock.

We use letters of credit, performance and bid bonds in the course of our business. At September 30, 2023, we had $6.7 million letters of credit, bank guarantees, and performance and bid bonds outstanding (collectively, "Guarantees"), comprised of the $3.0 million of letters of credit under the 2020 Credit Facility described above (the "Letters of Credit") and $3.7 million of bank guarantees and performance and bid bonds (collectively, the "Other Guarantees") under various uncommitted facilities. At December 31, 2022, we had $8.3 million of Guarantees, comprised of $3.3 million of Letters of Credit and $5.0 million of Other Guarantees.

We are exposed to financial market risk related to foreign currency fluctuations and changes in interest rates. These exposures are actively monitored by management. To manage the volatility related to the exposure to changes in interest rates, we ~~have entered~~may enter into a derivative financial instrument. Management's objective ishas been to reduce, where it is deemed appropriate to do so, fluctuations in earnings and cash flows associated with changes in interest rates. Our policies and practices are to use derivative financial instruments only to the extent necessary to manage exposures. We do not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

As a result of exposure to interest rate movements, during March 2020, we entered into an interest rate swap arrangement, which effectively converted our $400 million term loan with its variable interest rate based upon one-month LIBOR to an aggregate fixed rate of 0.904%, plus a leverage-based margin as defined in the 2020 Credit Facility. On July 22, 2022, we sold $30 million of the notional amount of our interest rate swap back to our counterparty for $1.5 million, reducing the notional amount of this swap to $370 million. On August 16, 2022, we sold another $30 million of the notional amount of our interest rate swap back to our counterparty for $1.6 million, reducing the notional amount to $340 million, which ~~approximates~~approximated the ~~current level of our~~ term loan debt then outstanding. The gain in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income related to the $60 million notional amount sold of $3.1 million is being released into earnings on a straight line basis over the remaining term of the 2020 Credit Facility as a decrease to interest expense, the amortization of which totaled $0.2 million and $0.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.On March 24, 2023, the Company received $9.4 million, consisting of $0.4 million of interest and $9.0 million for the sale of $170 million of its $340 million notional amount interest rate swap back to its counterparty, reducing the notional amount to $170 million. On March 27, 2023, the Company received $9.8 million, consisting of $0.4 million of interest and $9.4 million for the sale of the remaining $170 million of its interest rate swap back to its counterparty. The portion of the gain in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income related to the term loan debt prepaid on the date of the final sale of our swap totaled $7.3 million and was released into earnings immediately as Other expense, net. The portion of the gain in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income related to our remaining term loan debt balance totaled $12.0 million and is being released into earnings on a straight line basis over the remaining term of the 2020 Credit Facility as a decrease to interest expense, the amortization of which was $1.5 million and $3.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2022. The notional amount of this swap as of September 30, 2022 was $340 million, and the swap matures on March 3, 2025, the same date the 2020 Credit Facility matures.~~2023, respectively.

Our objectives in using interest rate derivatives ~~are~~have been to add stability to interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, we ~~are using~~have used an interest rate swap as part of our interest rate risk

management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for making fixed-rate payments over the life of the related agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount.

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of ~~derivatives~~ designated ~~and~~derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income in the condensed consolidated balance sheet and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transactions affect earnings. During the ~~three and~~ nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, such a derivative was used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with the outstanding borrowings under the 2020 Credit ~~Facility.~~Facility and the Company has accounted for this derivative as an effective hedge until the final portion of the swap was sold on March 27, 2023. Any ineffective portion of the change in the fair value of the derivative ~~would be~~was recognized directly in earnings. ~~However, during~~During the ~~three and~~ nine months ended September 30, ~~2022 and 2021,~~2023, we recorded ~~no hedge ineffectiveness.~~

Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to our derivative will be reclassified to interest expense as interest is accrued on our variable-rate debt. Based upon projected forward rates, we estimate as of September 30, 2022 that $11 million may be reclassified as a decrease to interest expense over the next 12 months.

We use letters of credit, performance and bid bonds in the course of our business. At September 30, 2022, we had letters of credit, bank guarantees, and performance and bid bonds outstanding (collectively, "Guarantees") aggregating ~~$9.5 million, comprised of the~~ ~~$3.3 million~~ of letters of credit under the 2020 Credit Facility described above (the "Letters of Credit") and $6.3 million of bank guarantees and performance and bid bonds (collectively, the "Other Guarantees") under various uncommitted facilities. At December 31, 2021, we had $30.1 million of Guarantees, comprised of $4.3 million of Letters of Credit and $25.8$7.3 million of Other ~~Guarantees. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021,~~expense, net due to the ~~Company had cash collateral~~sale of ~~$0.3 million and $2.6 million, respectively, supporting the Guarantees, which is reported as Restricted cash in~~ our ~~condensed consolidated balance sheets.~~swap.

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Our primary source of cash from operating activities has been from cash collections from our customers. We expect cash flows from operating activities to be affected by increases and decreases in sales volumes and timing of collections, and by

purchases and shipments of inventory. Our primary uses of cash for operating activities have been for personnel costs and investment in our research and development and in our sales and marketing, and general and administrative departments. ~~In addition,~~

Our operating activities used cash of $3.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily as a result of ~~the supply chain disruptions over the past year, the company has invested~~lower accounts payable, accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities, our net loss adjusted for non-cash expenses, and lower deferred revenue and higher inventory, partially offset by lower accounts receivable and other operating assets. Higher product revenue in ~~increased inventory levels~~our IP Optical Networks segment and lower operating expenses company-wide due to our various cost saving initiatives, including lower employee and facilities expenses, have all positively affected our operating cash flow in ~~order to meet customer demand and to ensure availability of strategic material and components over the long-term horizon.~~2023.

Cash used in operating activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $42.5 million, primarily resulting from our net loss, higher inventory, and lower accounts payable, accrued expenses and deferred revenue. These amounts were partially offset by certain non-cash expenses, such as amortization of intangible assets, the decrease in the fair value of the AVCT Investment, stock-based compensation, depreciation and amortization of property and equipment, as well as lower accounts receivable.

Our operating activities provided $7.9 million of cash in the nine months ended September 30, 2021, resulting from our net non-cash adjustments of $143.5 million, which was offset by our net loss of $80.9 million and net cash used in changes in our operating assets and liabilities of $54.7 million. The net cash used in changes in our operating assets and liabilities was primarily attributable to a $58.7 million decrease in accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities and an $11.7 million decrease in deferred revenue. These amounts were offset by lower operating assets of $11.3 million, higher accounts payable of $2.2 million and $1.9 million of lower accounts receivable. The decrease in accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities was primarily due to the cash payments related to our employee cash bonus program, facilities, professional fees and royalties. Our lower accounts receivable and deferred revenue reflected typical mid-year seasonality.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Our investing activities used $6.6 million and $13.0 million of cash in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, to purchase property and equipment and software licenses.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Our ~~investing~~financing activities used ~~$11.3~~$32.2 million of cash in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021, comprised~~2023, primarily due to $90.0 million of ~~$14.3~~principal payments on our term debt, including a $75.0 million prepayment in connection with the Sixth Amendment to ~~purchase property~~the 2020 Credit Facility, $1.6 million of debt issuance costs also paid in connection with the Sixth Amendment, and ~~equipment, partially offset by $3.0~~$3.9 million for the payment of tax withholding related to the net share settlements of restricted stock awards upon vesting. In addition, we received $53.4 million of proceeds from the ~~sale~~issuance of the Preferred Stock and Warrants in the Private Placement and had $10.0 million of net borrowings under our QualiTech business, which operates compliance testing laboratories in Israel for reliability and standardization testing for the high-tech industry, including testing in medical equipment, military equipment and vehicles.

~~Cash Flows from Financing Activities~~2020 Revolving Credit Facility.

Our financing activities provided $6.2 million of cash in the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to $50.4 million of net proceeds from ~~the Equity Offering,~~our private placement sale of 17,071,311 shares of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, at a price of $3.05 per share (the “Equity Offering”), partially offset by $40.0 million of principal payments on the 2020 Credit Facility, including the voluntary $15.0 million incremental principal payment in connection with the Fourth Amendment and voluntary $10.0 million incremental principal payment in connection with the Fifth Amendment, and $2.7 million for the payment of tax withholding ~~obligations~~ related to the net share settlements of restricted stock awards upon vesting. Payments of debt issuance costs and principal payments of finance leases together totaled approximately $1.5 million.

Our financing activities used $28.0 million of cash in the nine months ended September 30, 2021. We received $74.6 million of proceeds from the incremental loan obtained in connection with the Third Amendment, which amount was used to consummate an open market purchase of all outstanding amounts under the Term B Loan. In addition, we used $14.0 million for the payment of tax withholding obligations related to the net share settlement of restricted stock awards upon vesting, $87.2 million of principal payments of term debt, including the $74.6 million payoff of the Term B Loan in connection with the Third Amendment, and $1.0 million each of payments of debt issuance costs and principal payments of finance leases.

~~Under the 2020 Credit Facility, we are required to maintain compliance with certain financial covenants.~~ In the second quarter of 2022, although we were in compliance with our financial covenants, we projected that we may not maintain compliance with our financial covenants under the 2020 Credit Facility for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 due to the impact of market conditions, including supply chain disruptions, higher costs, and other geopolitical instabilities and disputes. Failure to remain in compliance would be an event of default that would permit the Lenders to accelerate the maturity of the 2020 Credit Facility.

Under the terms of the 2020 Credit Facility, we are allowed, subject to certain limitations, to use a portion of the capital raised in the Equity Offering in the calculation of the covenant ratios for the quarter in which the Equity Offering was completed (quarter ended September 30, 2022) and for future calculation of the covenant ratios for which the third quarter of 2022 is included in the trailing twelve month period.~~As a result, the Company currently projects that it will remain in~~

~~compliance with its financial covenants for at least one year from the date the condensed consolidated financial statements are issued.~~

Based on our current expectations, we believe our current cash and available borrowings under the 2020 Credit Facility will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for working capital and capital expenditures for at least twelve ~~months.~~months from the date of issuance of these financial statements. The rate at which we consume cash is dependent on the cash needs of our future operations, including our contractual obligations at September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, primarily comprised of our debt principal and interest obligations as described above, and our operating lease and purchase obligations. Our operating lease obligations

totaled $~~77.5~~63.4 million at September 30, ~~2022,~~2023, with payments aggregating ~~$4.8~~$4.7 million in the remainder of ~~2022,~~ ~~$18.3 million~~ in 2023, $~~15.4~~17.0 million in 2024, $9.2 million in 2025 and $~~39.0~~32.5 million thereafter. Estimated payments for purchase obligations for the full year ~~2022~~2023 aggregate approximately ~~$139~~$143 million. We anticipate devoting substantial capital resources to continue our research and development efforts, to maintain our sales, support and marketing, to complete acquisition-related integration activities and for other general corporate activities. We further believe that our financial resources, along with managing discretionary expenses, will allow us to manage the ~~anticipated~~ongoing impact of inflation and the ~~COVID-19 pandemic~~supply chain disruptions on our business operations. Looking ahead, we have developed contingency plans to reduce costs further if the situation deteriorates. The challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic on our business continue to evolve rapidly. Consequently, we continue to evaluate our financial position in light of future developments, particularly those relating to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is difficult to predict future liquidity requirements with certainty, and our cash and available borrowings under the 2020 Credit Facility may not be sufficient to meet our future needs, which would require us to refinance our debt and/or obtain additional financing. We may not be able to refinance our debt or obtain additional financing on favorable terms or at all.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures (“ASU 2022-02”), which eliminates the accounting guidance on troubled debt restructurings ~~("TDRs")~~ for creditors in ASC 310, Receivables (Topic 310), and requires entities to provide disclosures about current period gross write-offs by year of origination. Also, ASU 2022-02 updates the requirements related to accounting for credit losses under ASC 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), and adds enhanced disclosures for creditors with respect to loan refinancings and restructurings for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. ASU 2022-02 iswas effective for the Company January 1, ~~2023, with early adoption permitted.~~2023. The ~~Company believes that the~~ adoption of ASU 2022-02 ~~will~~did not have a material impact on ~~its~~our consolidated financial ~~statements upon adoption.~~statements.

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers ("ASU 2021-08"), which amends ASC 805, Business Combinations (Topic 805), to add contract assets and contract liabilities to the list of exceptions to the recognition and measurement principles that apply to business combinations and to require that an acquiring entity recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) ("ASC 606"). Under current GAAP, an acquirer generally recognizes such items at fair value on the acquisition date. While primarily related to contract assets and contract liabilities that were accounted for by the acquiree in accordance with ASC 606, ASU 2021-08 also applies to contract assets and contract liabilities from other contracts to which the provisions of ASC 606 apply, such as contract liabilities from the sale of nonfinancial assets within the scope of ASU 2017-05, Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20). ASU 2021-08 iswas effective for us January 1, ~~2023, with early adoption permitted.~~2023. We believe that the adoption of ASU 2021-08 could have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements for periods including and subsequent to significant business acquisitions.

~~In January 2021 the FASB issued ASU 2021-01,~~ ~~Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope~~ ~~("ASU 2021-01"), which refines the scope of ASC 848,~~ ~~Reference Rate Reform~~, and clarifies some of its guidance as part of the FASB's monitoring of global reference rate reform activities. ASU 2021-01 permits entities to elect certain optional expedients and exceptions when accounting for derivative contracts and certain hedging relationships affected by changes in the interest rates used for discounting cash flows, for computing variation margin settlements, and for calculating price alignment interest in connection with reference rate reform activities under way in global financial markets (the "discounting transition"). ASU 2021-01 is effective for us prospectively in any period through December 31, 2022 that a modification is made to the terms of the derivatives affected by the discounting transition. The adoption of ASU 2021-01 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

5150

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to financial market risk related to foreign currency fluctuations and changes in interest rates. Except as presented below, there have been no material changes in market risk from the information provided in Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the year ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

To manage the volatility related to the exposure to changes in interest rates, we have historically entered into a derivative financial ~~instrument.~~instrument, specifically an interest rate swap. Our objective ishas been to reduce, where it is deemed appropriate to do so, fluctuations in earnings and cash flows associated with changes in interest rates. Our policies and practices are to use derivative financial instruments only to the extent necessary to manage exposures. We do not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

In March 2023, we disposed of our interest rate swap by selling the remaining notional value totaling $340 million back to our counterparty. We received $19.2 million from our counterparty, consisting of $0.8 million of interest and $18.4 million for the sale. We recognized a gain from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) of $7.3 million to Other expense, net in our condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Amounts ~~reported~~remaining in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to our derivative ~~will be reclassified to interest expense as interest is accrued on our variable-rate debt. The fair value of our derivative was~~totaled ~~an asset of $26.3 million~~ ~~at September 30, 2022. Based upon projected forward rates, we estimate as of September 30, 2022 that~~ $~~11.0~~12.0 million ~~may be reclassified as an decrease~~and are being amortized to interest expense over the ~~next twelve months.~~remaining term of our variable-rate debt on a straight-line basis.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, ~~2022.~~2023.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

5251

PART II OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are subject to legal proceedings and claims that have not been fully resolved and that have arisen in the ordinary course of business. Our material legal proceedings as described in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Note ~~17,~~19, "Commitments and Contingencies," under the heading "Litigation."

The outcome of litigation is inherently uncertain. If one or more legal matters were resolved against the Company in a reporting period for amounts above management's expectations, our financial condition and operating results for that reporting period could be materially adversely affected. We settled certain matters during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 that did not individually or in the aggregate have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our business faces significant risks and uncertainties, which may have a material adverse effect on our business prospects, financial condition and results of operations, and you should carefully consider them. There have been no material changes in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2022~~2023 to the risk factors described in Part I, Item 1A. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022 and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2023, with the exception of the risk factor below.

Conditions in Israel may materially and adversely affect the Company’s business.

We have a significant number of employees located in Israel. As a result, political, economic and military conditions in Israel may directly affect the Company’s business. In October 2023, Hamas conducted several terrorist attacks in Israel resulting in ongoing war across the country, forcing the closure of our offices in Israel for several days. In addition, there continue to be hostilities between Israel and Hezbollah in Lebanon and Hamas in the Gaza Strip, both of which resulted in rockets being fired into Israel, causing casualties and disruption of economic activities. In early 2023, there were a number of changes proposed to the political system in Israel by the current government which, if implemented as planned, could lead to large-scale protests and additional uncertainty, negatively impacting the operating environment in Israel. Popular uprisings in various countries in the Middle East over the last few years have also affected the political stability of those countries and have led to a decline in the regional security situation. Such instability may also lead to deterioration in the political and trade relationships that exist between Israel and these countries. Any armed conflicts, terrorist activities or political instability involving Israel or other countries in the region could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows and prospects. Although the Israeli Government currently covers the reinstatement value of direct damages that are caused by terrorist attacks or acts of war, we cannot ensure stockholders that this coverage will be maintained or will be adequate in the event we submit a claim.

A number of countries, principally in the Middle East, still restrict doing business with Israel and Israeli companies, and additional countries may impose restrictions on doing business with Israel and Israeli companies if hostilities in Israel or political instability in the region continue or increase. In addition, there have been increased efforts by activists to cause companies and consumers to boycott Israeli goods based on Israeli Government policies. Such actions, particularly if they become more widespread, may adversely impact our ability to sell our products.

Our operations could also be disrupted by the absence for significant periods of one or more key employees or a significant number of other employees because of military service. Some of our employees in Israel are obliged to perform military reserve duty, which generally accumulates over a period of three years from several days to up to a maximum of 84 days (and up to 108 days, in special circumstances specified under applicable law) and, in certain emergency circumstances, employees may be called to immediate and unlimited active duty. In response to the terrorist attacks in October 2023, a number of our employees in Israel have been activated for military duty and we expect that additional employees will also be activated if the war in Israel continues.While we have business continuity plans in place to address the military call-ups, any of these circumstances could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows and prospects.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table provides information with respect to the shares of common stock repurchased by us for the periods indicated:

Period Total Number
of Shares
Purchased (1) Average
Price Paid
per Share Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of
Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs Approximate Dollar
Value of Shares that May
Yet be Purchased Under
the Plans or Programs
July 1, 2022 to July 31, 2022 6,748 $ 3.18 — $ —
August 1, 2022 to August 31, 2022 1,643 $ 3.33 — $ —
September 1, 2022 to September 30, 2022 234,043 $ 3.02 — $ —
Total 242,434 $ 3.03 — $ —


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
July 1, 2023 to July 31, 2023	55,911	$	2.80	—	$	—
August 1, 2023 to August 31, 2023	4,843	$	2.95	—	$	—
September 1, 2023 to September 30, 2023	99,991	$	2.83	—	$	—
Total	160,745	$	2.82	—	$	—

(1) Upon vesting of restricted stock awards, certain of our employees surrender to us a portion of the newly vested shares of common stock to satisfy the tax withholding obligations that arise in connection with such vesting. During the third quarter of ~~2022, 242,434~~2023, 160,745 shares of restricted stock were returned to us by employees to satisfy tax withholding obligations arising in connection with vesting of restricted ~~stock, which shares are included in this column.~~stock.

Item 5. Other Information

~~None.~~

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, none of the Company’s directors or officers adopted, terminated or modified a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended).

Item 6. Exhibits


Exhibit No.		Description
2.1		Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of November 14, 2019, by and among the Registrant, Ribbon Communications Israel Ltd., Eclipse Communications Ltd., ECI Telecom Group Ltd. and ECI Holding (Hungary) Korlátolt Felelősségű Társág (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed November 14, 2019 with the SEC).
2.2		Amended and Restated Purchase Agreement, dated December 1, 2020, among Ribbon Communications Inc., Ribbon Communications Operating Company, Inc., Ribbon Communications International Limited and American Virtual Cloud Technologies, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 7, 2020 with the SEC).
3.1		Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K12B, filed October 30, 2017 with the SEC).
3.2		Certificate of Amendment of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed November 28, 2017 with the SEC).
3.3		Certificate of Designation of Series A Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 30, 2023 with the SEC).
3.4		Certificate of Amendment of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed August 4, 2023 with the SEC).
3.5		Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed March 8, 2018 with the SEC).
~~10.1~~4.1		Form of ~~Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 12, 2022, by and among Ribbon Communications Inc. and each purchaser identified on the signature pages thereto~~Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit ~~10.1~~4.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed ~~August 16, 2022 with the SEC).~~
~~10.2~~		Form of Second Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of August 12, 2022, by and among Ribbon Communications Inc. and its stockholders that are parties thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed August 16, 2022March 30, 2023 with the SEC).
31.1	*	Certificate of Ribbon Communications Inc. Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	*	Certificate of Ribbon Communications Inc. Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1	#	Certificate of Ribbon Communications Inc. Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2	#	Certificate of Ribbon Communications Inc. Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	*	Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL	*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF	*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB	*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE	*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
104	*	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Filed herewith.

# Furnished herewith.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


Date: October ~~28, 2022~~26, 2023			RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.


By:			/s/ Miguel A Lopez
			Miguel A. Lopez Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)


	Three months ended September 30, 2021						Nine months ended September 30, 2021
	Prior presentation		Amounts reclassified		Revised presentation		Prior presentation		Amounts reclassified		Revised presentation
Product revenue	$	111,726			$	111,726	$	322,744			$	322,744
Service revenue	98,672				98,672		291,636				291,636
Total revenue	210,398		—		210,398		614,380		—		614,380
Cost of revenue - product	53,494				53,494		144,580				144,580
Cost of revenue - service	36,576				36,576		110,498				110,498
Amortization of acquired technology	—		9,674		9,674		—		29,435		29,435
Total cost of revenue	90,070		9,674		99,744		255,078		29,435		284,513
Total gross profit	120,328		(9,674)		110,654		359,302		(29,435)		329,867
Research and development	49,132				49,132		143,339				143,339
Sales and marketing	36,113				36,113		108,212				108,212
General and administrative	12,148				12,148		40,435				40,435
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	17,221		(9,674)		7,547		50,225		(29,435)		20,790

Acquisition-, disposal- and integration-related	1,955				1,955		4,204				4,204
Restructuring and related	1,767				1,767		10,547				10,547
Total operating expenses	118,336		(9,674)		108,662		356,962		(29,435)		327,527
Income from operations	$	1,992	$	—	$	1,992	$	2,340	$	—	$	2,340


December 31, 2021	Weighted average amortization period (years)	Cost		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying value
In-process research and development	*	$	34,000	$	—	$	34,000

Developed technology	7.93	306,380		181,393		124,987
Customer relationships	11.86	268,140		77,653		190,487
Trade names	3.88	5,000		3,744		1,256

Internal use software	3.00	730		730		—
	9.17	$	614,250	$	263,520	$	350,730


	Balance at January 1, 2022		Initiatives charged to expense		Cash payments		Net transfer to operating lease accounts		Balance at September 30, 2022
Severance	$	—	$	4,679	$	(3,324)	$	—	$	1,355
Variable and other facilities-related costs	—		2,042		(1,087)		—		955
Accelerated amortization of lease assets due to cease-use	—		1,620		—		(1,620)		—

	$	—	$	8,341	$	(4,411)	$	(1,620)	$	2,310


	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2022	184,169	$	13.25



Exercised	(708)	$	1.77

Expired	(11,609)	$	16.39
Outstanding at September 30, 2022	171,852	$	13.09	1.90	$	15
Vested or expected to vest at September 30, 2022	171,852	$	13.09	1.90	$	15
Exercisable at September 30, 2022	171,852	$	13.09	1.90	$	15



	Operating		Finance
	leases		leases
Remainder of 2022	$	4,758	$	98
2023	18,301		66
2024	15,375		—
2025	8,158		—
2026	6,720		—
2027 and beyond	24,165		—
Total lease payments	77,477		164
Less: interest	(12,723)		(1)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	64,754	$	163