UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___________ to ___________

Commission file number: 001-39392

TREAN INSURANCE GROUP, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware						84-4512647
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

150 Lake Street West

Wayzata, MN 55391

(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)

(952) 974-2200

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share

TIG

The Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of ~~“large~~"large accelerated filer,~~” “accelerated~~" "accelerated filer,”" a ~~“smaller~~"smaller reporting company,”" and ~~“emerging~~"emerging growth ~~company”~~company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☐

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☒

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of ~~August 26,~~November 11, 2020, there were ~~51,154,097~~51,148,782 shares of the registrant's common stock outstanding.

~~BIC HOLDINGS LLC -~~

Table of Contents

TREAN ~~HOLDINGS LLC~~INSURANCE GROUP, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

~~PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION~~Item 1			Financial Statements
			Condensed Consolidated and Condensed Co mbined Balance Sheets	3

~~Item 1~~	Condensed Consolidated and Condensed Combined ~~Financial Statements~~
	~~Condensed Combined Balance Sheets~~	3
	~~Condensed Combined~~ Statements of Operations	4
			Condensed Consolidated and Condensed Combined Statements of Comprehensive Income	5
			Condensed Consolidated and Condensed Combined Statements of ~~Members’~~Shareholders ’ Equity and Redeemable Preferred Stock	6
			Condensed Consolidated and Condensed Combined Statements of Cash Flows	89
			Notes to the Condensed Consolidated and Condensed Combined Financial Statements	1011
Item 2			Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	2934
Item 3			Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	4755
Item 4			Controls and Procedures	4755

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1			Legal Proceedings	4856
Item 1A			Risk Factors	4856
Item 2			Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	6256
Item 3			Defaults Upon Senior Securities	6257
Item 4			Mine Safety Disclosures	6257
Item 5			Other Information	6357
Item 6			Exhibits	6458

Signatures				6559

~~BIC Holdings LLC -~~ Trean ~~Holdings LLC~~Insurance Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated and Condensed Combined Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value (amortized cost of $359,355 and $329,640, respectively) $ 375,705
$ 337,865
Preferred stock, at fair value (amortized cost of $332 and $337, respectively) 325
343
Common stock, at fair value (cost $1,554 and $492, respectively) 3,428
492
Equity method investments 11,693
12,173
Total investments 391,151
350,873
Cash and cash equivalents 97,326
74,268
Restricted cash 7,746
1,800
Accrued investment income 2,605
2,468
Premiums and other receivables 75,017
62,460
Related party receivables 20,385
22,221
Reinsurance recoverable 334,124
307,338
Prepaid reinsurance premiums 91,311
80,088
Deferred policy acquisition cost, net 2,951
2,115
Property and equipment, net 8,130
7,937
Right of use asset 5,958
—
Deferred tax asset —
1,367
Goodwill 3,339
2,822
Other assets 9,889
3,277
Total assets $ 1,049,932
$ 919,034
Liabilities
Unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses $ 442,500
$ 406,716
Unearned premiums 120,427
103,789
Funds held under reinsurance agreements 165,371
163,445
Reinsurance premiums payable 54,030
53,620
Accounts payable and accrued expenses 73,325
14,995
Lease liability 6,186
—
Income taxes payable 3,999
714
Deferred tax liability 12
—
Long-term debt 39,698
29,040
Total liabilities 905,548
772,319
Commitments and contingencies

Redeemable preferred stock (1,000,000 authorized; 51 outstanding) 5,100
5,100
Members' equity
Members' equity 78,478
78,438
Additional paid-in capital 16,542
17,995
Retained earnings 35,561
40,361
Accumulated other comprehensive income 8,703
4,821
Total members' equity 139,284
141,615
Total liabilities and members' equity $ 1,049,932
$ 919,034

Trean Insurance Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

~~BIC Holdings LLC - Trean Holdings LLC~~

Condensed Consolidated and Condensed Combined Statements of Operations

(in ~~thousands)~~thousands, except share and per share data)

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2020 2019 2020 2019
Revenues
Gross written premiums $ 109,612
$ 104,420
$ 217,471
$ 205,954
Increase in gross unearned premiums (9,265 ) (1,535 ) (16,638 ) (12,487 )
Gross earned premiums 100,347
102,885
200,833
193,467
Ceded earned premiums (78,968 ) (79,508 ) (156,995 ) (150,466 )
Net earned premiums 21,379
23,377
43,838
43,001
Net investment income 1,524
1,570
4,796
2,857
Net realized capital gains (losses) (4 ) 111
3,230
723
Other revenue 1,530
1,893
5,922
5,488
Total revenue 24,429
26,951
57,786
52,069
Expenses
Losses and loss adjustment expenses 12,183
13,014
25,117
24,470
General and administrative expenses 8,316
6,193
16,476
10,162
Interest expense 501
561
962
1,185
Total expenses 21,000
19,768
42,555
35,817
Other income 40
33
54
126
Income before taxes 3,469
7,216
15,285
16,378
Income tax expense 979
1,690
3,891
3,009
Equity earnings in affiliates, net of tax 1,230
865
1,932
1,473
Net income $ 3,720
$ 6,391
$ 13,326
$ 14,842

Trean Insurance Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

~~BIC Holdings LLC - Trean Holdings LLC~~

Condensed Consolidated and Condensed Combined Statements of Comprehensive Income

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2020 2019 2020 2019
Net income $ 3,720
$ 6,391
$ 13,326
$ 14,842
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Unrealized investment gains:
Unrealized investment gains arising during the period 6,252
2,782
5,029
7,753
Income tax expense 1,310
585
1,054
1,629
Unrealized investment gains, net of tax 4,942
2,197
3,975
6,124
Less reclassification adjustments to:
Net realized investment gains (losses) included in net realized capital gains (losses) (1 ) 111
118
89
Income tax expense (benefit) (1 ) 24
25
19
Total reclassifications included in net income, net of tax —
87
93
70
Other comprehensive income 4,942
2,110
3,882
6,054
Total comprehensive income $ 8,662
$ 8,501
$ 17,208
$ 20,896

Trean Insurance Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

~~BIC Holdings LLC - Trean Holdings LLC~~

Condensed Consolidated and Condensed Combined Statements of ~~Members’~~Shareholders’ Equity and Redeemable Preferred Stock

For the Three and ~~Six~~Nine Months Ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020 and 2019

(in thousands, except share and unit data)

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.


							Members' Equity
	Redeemable Preferred Stock			Preferred Stock			Class A - Non Voting			Class B - Voting			Class B - Non Voting			Class C - Non Voting			Common Stock			Additional Paid in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Retained Earnings		Total Shareholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Units	Amount		Units	Amount		Units	Amount		Units	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2018	60	$	6,000	10	$	1,000	65,036,780	$	65,037	5,045,215	$	5,045	8,159,775	$	8,160	117,953	$	118	0	$	0	$	17,995	$	(2,003)	$	9,779	$	105,131
Cumulative effect of adopting ASC Topic 606	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		695		695
Issuance of Class C units	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		58,976	59		—	—		—		—		—		59
Distributions to members	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		(1,144)		(1,144)
Dividends on Series A preferred stock	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		(34)		(34)
Dividends on Series B preferred stock	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		(110)		(110)
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		7,020		—		7,020
Net income	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		20,628		20,628
Balance at September 30, 2019	60	$	6,000	10	$	1,000	65,036,780	$	65,037	5,045,215	$	5,045	8,159,775	$	8,160	176,929	$	177	0	$	0	$	17,995	$	5,017	$	29,814	$	132,245

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Members' Equity
Redeemable Preferred Stock Preferred Stock Class A - Non Voting Class B - Voting Class B - Non Voting Class C - Non Voting Additional Paid in Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Retained Earnings Total Members' Equity
Shares Amount Shares Amount Units Amount Units Amount Units Amount Units Amount
Balance at December 31, 2019 51
$ 5,100
—
$ —
65,036,780
$ 65,037
5,045,215
$ 5,045
8,159,775
$ 8,160
196,588
$ 196
$ 17,995
$ 4,821
$ 40,361
$ 141,615
Issuance of Class C units —
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
39,317
40
—
—
—
40
Distributions to members —
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(1,453 ) —
(18,043 ) (19,496 )
Dividends on Series B preferred stock —
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(83 ) (83 )
Other comprehensive income —
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
3,882
—
3,882
Net income —
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
13,326
13,326
Balance at June 30, 2020 51
$ 5,100
—
$ —
65,036,780
$ 65,037
5,045,215
$ 5,045
8,159,775
$ 8,160
235,905
$ 236
$ 16,542
$ 8,703
$ 35,561
$ 139,284

Members' Equity
Redeemable Preferred Stock Preferred Stock Class A - Non Voting Class B - Voting Class B - Non Voting Class C - Non Voting Additional Paid in Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Retained Earnings Total Members' Equity
Shares Amount Shares Amount Units Amount Units Amount Units Amount Units Amount
Balance at December 31, 2018 60
$ 6,000
10
$ 1,000
65,036,780
$ 65,037
5,045,215
$ 5,045
8,159,775
$ 8,160
117,953
$ 118
$ 17,995
$ (2,003 ) $ 9,779
$ 105,131
Cumulative effect of adopting ASC Topic 606 —
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
695
695
Issuance of Class C units —
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
39,317
39
—
—
—
39
Distributions to members —
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(313 ) (313 )
Dividends on Series A preferred stock —
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(22 ) (22 )
Dividends on Series B preferred stock —
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(74 ) (74 )
Other comprehensive income —
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
6,054
—
6,054
Net income —
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
14,842
14,842
Balance at June 30, 2019 60
$ 6,000
10
$ 1,000
65,036,780
$ 65,037
5,045,215
$ 5,045
8,159,775
$ 8,160
157,270
$ 157
$ 17,995
$ 4,051
$ 24,907
$ 126,352
Trean Insurance Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

~~BIC Holdings LLC - Trean Holdings LLC~~

Condensed Consolidated and Condensed Combined Statements of Cash Flows


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019
Operating activities
Net income	$	82,663	$	20,628
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	1,823		541
Stock-based compensation	307		0
Net capital gains (losses) on investments	(5,242)		333
Gain on bargain purchase of subsidiary	0		(634)
Gain on revaluation of Compstar investment	(69,846)		0
Bond amortization and accretion	1,465		1,241
Issuance of member units as compensation	197		59
Equity earnings in affiliates, net of tax	(2,333)		(2,494)
Distributions from equity method investments	2,953		3,586
Deferred income taxes	327		(737)
Deferred financing costs	90		76
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accrued investment income	50		(17)
Premiums and other receivables	(13,308)		(19,024)
Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses	(43,087)		(42,775)
Prepaid reinsurance premiums	(23,841)		(16,499)
Right of use asset	(5,538)		—
Other assets	(8,729)		(2,032)
Unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses	58,787		59,409
Unearned premiums	39,601		17,213
Funds held under reinsurance agreements	(5,942)		(717)
Reinsurance premiums payable	6,136		9,971
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	11,448		5,822
Lease liability	5,752		—
Income taxes payable	(1,525)		(1,898)
Net cash provided by operating activities	32,208		32,052
Investing activities
Payments for capital expenditures	(665)		(567)
Proceeds from sale of equity method investment	3,000		0
Return of capital on equity method investment	115		0
Purchase of investments, available for sale	(84,125)		(74,544)
Proceeds from investments sold, matured or repaid	89,374		62,433
Acquisition of subsidiary, net of cash received	(1,098)		(5,496)
Cash received in the acquisition of Compstar	11,891		0
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	18,492		(18,174)
Financing activities
Shares redeemed for payroll taxes	(82)		0
Proceeds from initial public offering	99,643		0
Deferred offering costs	(5,839)		0
Proceeds from credit agreement	32,453		0
Principal payments on debt	(41,789)		(4,488)
Buyback of preferred shares	(5,100)		0
Distribution to members	(19,496)		(1,144)
Dividends paid on preferred stock	(128)		(164)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	59,662		(5,796)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	110,362		8,082
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash ‑ beginning of period	76,068		55,962
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash ‑ end of period	$	186,430	$	64,044

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Six Months Ended June 30,
2020 2019
Operating activities
Net income $ 13,326
$ 14,842
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 458
360
Net capital gains (losses) on investments (5,042 ) 67
Deferred offering costs (1,339 ) —
Gain on bargain purchase of subsidiary —
(634 )
Bond amortization and accretion 944
863
Issuance of member units as compensation 40
39
Equity earnings in affiliates, net of tax (1,932 ) (1,473 )
Distributions from equity method investments 2,413
2,127
Deferred income taxes 349
(506 )
Deferred financing costs 48
51
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accrued investment income (137 ) (109 )
Premiums and other receivables (10,666 ) (17,347 )
Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses (26,786 ) (27,040 )
Prepaid reinsurance premiums (11,223 ) (11,048 )
Right of use asset (5,958 ) —
Other assets (3,284 ) (1,391 )
Unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses 35,784
35,632
Unearned premiums 16,638
11,601
Funds held under reinsurance agreements (1,306 ) (6,030 )
Reinsurance premiums payable 409
11,409
Accounts payable and accrued expenses 19,591
5,271
Lease liability 6,186
—
Income taxes payable 3,270
(1,992 )
Net cash provided by operating activities 31,783
14,692
Investing activities
Payments for capital expenditures (554 ) (493 )
Proceeds from sale of equity method investment 3,000
—
Return of capital on equity method investment 115
—
Purchase of investments, available for sale (55,695 ) (51,196 )
Proceeds from investments sold, matured or repaid 60,339
49,405
Acquisition of subsidiary, net of cash received (1,098 ) (5,496 )
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 6,107
(7,780 )
Financing activities
Proceeds from credit agreement 32,453
—
Principal payments on long-term debt (21,843 ) (4,145 )
Distribution to members (19,496 ) (313 )
Dividends paid on preferred stock —
(127 )
Net cash used in financing activities (8,886 ) (4,585 )
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 29,004
2,327
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash ‑ beginning of period 76,068
55,962
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash ‑ end of period $ 105,072
$ 58,289

Trean Insurance Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

~~BIC Holdings LLC - Trean Holdings LLC~~

Condensed Consolidated and Condensed Combined Statements of Cash Flows


Disaggregation of cash and restricted cash:	As of September 30, 2020		As of September 30, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	165,255	$	62,250
Restricted cash	21,175		1,794
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	186,430	$	64,044


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:	2020		2019
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest	$	1,391	$	2,053
Income taxes	5,809		6,864
Non-cash investing and financing activity:
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	8,245		—
Shares issued for the acquisition of subsidiary	99,204		—
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	1,484		—

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Disaggregation of cash and restricted cash: As of June 30, 2020 As of June 30, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents $ 97,326
$ 50,648
Restricted cash 7,746
7,641
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 105,072
$ 58,289

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated and Condensed Combined Financial Statements

Note 1. Business and Basis of Presentation

Recently adopted policies

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (ASU 2020-04). This update provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. This standard is effective for the period between March 12, 2020 and December 31, 2022. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the condensed ~~combined~~consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (ASU 2018-13). This update modifies the existing disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820 by changing requirements regarding Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 investments. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2020 on a prospective basis. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the condensed ~~combined~~consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (ASU 2017-04). This update simplifies the manner in which an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment. ASU 2017-04 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods thereafter, with early adoption permitted. The Company has elected to early adopt this standard effective January 1, 2020. Adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016‑02, Leases (Topic 842) (ASU 2016-02), which provides guidance for accounting for leases. The new guidance requires companies to recognize the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by leased assets, initially measured at the present value of lease payments. Management adopted this standard effective January 1, 2020 under the modified retrospective approach. Adoption of this standard resulted in the Company recognizing initial right-of-use assets of $5,946 and initial lease liabilities of $5,946 and did not result in a cumulative effect adjustment on retained earnings. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the condensed ~~combined~~consolidated statements of operations or condensed ~~combined~~consolidated statements of cash flows.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-03, Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments (ASU 2020-03). This update represents changes to clarify and improve the codification to allow for easier application by eliminating inconsistencies and providing ~~clarification.~~clarification on items such as (i) the application of fair value option disclosures; (ii) the accounting for fees related to modifications of debt; and (iii) aligning the contractual term of a net investment in a lease in accordance with ASC Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, and the lease term determined in accordance with ASC Topic 842, Leases. Certain issues addressed in this update are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020 and others are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company will adopt each standard upon their respective effective dates of January 1, 2021 and January 1, 2023. Adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the condensed ~~combined~~consolidated financial statements.

In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-01, Investments - Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivative and Hedging (Topic 815) - Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321, Topic 323 and Topic 815 (ASU 2020-01). This update addresses the accounting for certain equity securities upon the application or discontinuation of the equity method of accounting. Further, the update addresses scope considerations for forward contracts and purchased options on certain securities. ASU 2020-01 is effective for annual periods beginning after

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (ASU 2017-04). This update simplifies the manner in which an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment. ASU 2017-04 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods thereafter, with early adoption permitted. The Company will adopt this standard effective January 1, 2022. Adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the condensed combined financial statements and related disclosures.

Note 2. Acquisitions

Compstar Holding Company LLC

Effective July 15, 2020, Trean Compstar Holdings LLC purchased the remaining 55% ownership interest in Compstar Holding Company LLC (Compstar), a holding company along with its wholly owned subsidiary Compstar Insurance Services, a managing general agent, by issuing 6,613,606 shares of the Company’s common stock with a market price of $15 per share on the date of acquisition. Prior to the acquisition date, the Company held a 45% ownership interest in Compstar and accounted for its investment under the equity method. As of the acquisition date, the fair value attributable to the Company’s previous equity interest was $81,167 and the carrying value was $11,321. As a result, the Company recorded a gain of $69,846 from the remeasurement of its previous equity interest, which is included in gain on revaluation of Compstar investment on the condensed consolidated statement of operations. The acquisition-date fair value of the Company’s previous equity interest was revalued using the market price of the shares issued as consideration for the acquisition.

The following table summarizes the consideration paid and the amounts of estimated fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. The assessment of fair value and the determination of deferred tax assets acquired is preliminary and is based on the information that was available at the time the condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared. Accordingly, the allocation of purchase price to intangible assets and to deferred tax assets and liabilities is preliminary and, therefore, subject to adjustment in future periods.


Fair value of total consideration transferred	$	99,204
Previous investment in subsidiary	11,321
Fair value adjustment to prior investment	69,846
Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed	180,371
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash and cash equivalents	11,891
Premiums and other receivables	1,624
Property and equipment	444
Right of use asset	1,020
Goodwill	136,236
Intangible assets, net	73,954
Other assets	184
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(11,128)
Lease liability	(1,302)
Deferred tax liabilities	(12,487)
Debt	(20,065)
Net assets acquired	$	180,371

The Company recorded $136,236 of goodwill associated with the business combination. The goodwill recognized is attributable to the assembled workforce, the expected growth resulting from the acquisition and synergies gained to assist in the reduction of operating expenses.

The Company also recorded intangible assets totaling $73,954 and are included in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Intangible assets are comprised of the following:

(in thousands)

Useful Life

Balance

Trade name

15 years

3,157

Customer relationships

14 years

70,797

Total intangible assets

73,954

Subsequent to the acquisition date, Compstar recorded total revenue of $3,320, of which $3,313 is intercompany related and is eliminated in consolidation, and contributed net income totaling $1,222 to consolidated net income on the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

LCTA Risk Services, Inc.

Fair value of total consideration transferred $ 1,400
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash and cash equivalents 302
Premiums and other receivables 55
Property and equipment 63
Goodwill 517
Other assets 494
Accounts payable (17 )
Income taxes payable (14 )
Net assets acquired $ 1,400

American Liberty Insurance Company

First Choice Casualty Insurance Company

Level 1: Fair values primarily based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2: Fair values primarily based on observable inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, or based on prices for similar assets and liabilities.

Level 3: Fair values primarily based on valuations derived when one or more of the significant inputs are unobservable. With little or no observable market, the determination of fair value uses considerable judgment and represents the Company’s best estimate of an amount that could be realized in a market exchange for the asset or liability.

Bonds and preferred stocks: The Company, in conjunction with its third-party pricing service provider, uses a variety of sources such as Reuters, Iboxx, PricingDirect, ICE BofAML Index, ICE Data Services, and for equities, Bloomberg. Equity securities are valued at the closing price on the exchange on which they are primarily traded as provided by a third-party pricing service. Fixed income securities are generally valued at an evaluated bid as provided by a third-party pricing service. Securities and other assets generally valued using third-party pricing services may also be valued at broker/dealer bid quotations. Values obtained from third-party pricing services can utilize several data sources for inputs such as transaction data, yield, quality, coupon rate, maturity, issue type, trading characteristics and market activity. To validate the reasonableness of the quoted prices, the Company performs various qualitative and quantitative procedures such as analysis of recent trading activity, analytical review of fair values and an evaluation of the underlying pricing methodologies. Based on these procedures, the Company did not adjust the prices or quotes from the third-party pricing service.

Funds held under reinsurance agreements: The Company holds certain investments as collateral under reinsurance contracts and values these investments consistent with its other investments using third-party pricing services. To validate the reasonableness of the quoted prices, the Company performs various qualitative and quantitative procedures such as analysis of recent activity, analytical review of fair values and an evaluation of the underlying pricing methodologies. Based on these procedures, the Company did not adjust the prices or quotes from the third-party pricing service.

~~Long-term debt:~~Debt: The Company ~~held long-term~~holds debt related to multiple credit agreements. The Company has determined that the remaining balance of the debt reflected its fair value as this would represent the total amount to repay the debt.

June 30, 2020
(in thousands)
Cost or
Amortized
Cost

Gross
Unrealized
Gains

Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Value
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government and government securities $ 15,778
$ 470
$ —
$ 16,248
Foreign governments 300
5
—
305
States, territories and possessions 7,299
245
—
7,544
Political subdivisions of states, territories and possessions 27,684
1,231
—
28,915
Special revenue and special assessment obligations 68,065
3,815
(5 ) 71,875
Industrial and public utilities 122,814
7,223
(145 ) 129,892
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 16,400
1,598
(90 ) 17,908
Residential mortgage-backed securities 57,787
1,714
(89 ) 59,412
Other loan-backed securities 42,871
772
(393 ) 43,250
Hybrid securities 357
2
(3 ) 356
Total fixed maturities available for sale $ 359,355
$ 17,075
$ (725 ) $ 375,705

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December 31, 2019
(in thousands)
Cost or
Amortized
Cost

Gross
Unrealized
Gains

Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Value
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government and government securities $ 15,965
$ 167
$ (3 ) $ 16,129
Foreign governments 299
3
—
302
States, territories and possessions 4,789
134
—
4,923
Political subdivisions of states, territories and possessions 24,444
670
(10 ) 25,104
Special revenue and special assessment obligations 59,149
2,298
(42 ) 61,405
Industrial and public utilities 119,735
3,490
(18 ) 123,207
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 15,586
757
(31 ) 16,312
Residential mortgage-backed securities 53,467
679
(37 ) 54,109
Other loan-backed securities 35,849
281
(119 ) 36,011
Hybrid securities 357
6
—
363
Total fixed maturities available for sale $ 329,640
$ 8,485
$ (260 ) $ 337,865

The following table illustrates the Company’s gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:


	September 30, 2020
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
(in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government and government securities	$	100	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	100	$	0
Foreign governments	0		0		0		0		0		0
States, territories and possessions	0		0		0		0		0		0
Political subdivisions of states, territories and possessions	299		(1)		0		0		299		(1)
Special revenue and special assessment obligations	2,347		(42)		0		0		2,347		(42)
Industrial and public utilities	2,172		(164)		0		0		2,172		(164)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	1,000		(25)		0		0		1,000		(25)
Residential mortgage-backed securities	13,931		(95)		280		(15)		14,211		(110)
Other loan-backed securities	4,033		(28)		10,466		(126)		14,499		(154)
Hybrid securities	248		(2)		0		0		248		(2)
Total bonds	$	24,130	$	(357)	$	10,746	$	(141)	$	34,876	$	(498)


	June 30, 2020																December 31, 2019
	Less Than 12 Months					12 Months or More					Total						Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
(in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss			Fair Value		Unrealized Loss			Fair Value		Unrealized Loss			(in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Fixed maturities:																Fixed maturities:
U.S. government and government securities	$	505	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	505	$	—		U.S. government and government securities	$	293	$	(2)	$	1,349	$	(1)	$	1,642	$	(3)
Foreign governments	—		—			—		—			—		—			Foreign governments	0		0		0		0		0		0
States, territories and possessions	—		—			—		—			—		—			States, territories and possessions	0		0		0		0		0		0
Political subdivisions of states, territories and possessions	—		—			—		—			—		—			Political subdivisions of states, territories and possessions	1,500		(9)		690		(1)		2,190		(10)
Special revenue and special assessment obligations	932		(5		)	—		—			932		(5		)	Special revenue and special assessment obligations	3,206		(42)		181		0		3,387		(42)
Industrial and public utilities	1,512		(145		)	—		—			1,512		(145		)	Industrial and public utilities	5,939		(16)		1,094		(2)		7,033		(18)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	936		(90		)	—		—			936		(90		)	Commercial mortgage-backed securities	2,138		(30)		129		(1)		2,267		(31)
Residential mortgage-backed securities	1,575		(67		)	308		(22		)	1,883		(89		)	Residential mortgage-backed securities	6,936		(13)		1,917		(24)		8,853		(37)
Other loan-backed securities	10,148		(89		)	10,488		(304		)	20,636		(393		)	Other loan-backed securities	2,189		(11)		13,885		(108)		16,074		(119)
Hybrid securities	104		(3		)	—		—			104		(3		)	Hybrid securities	0		0		0		0		0		0
Total bonds	$	15,712	$	(399	)	$	10,796	$	(326	)	$	26,508	$	(725	)	Total bonds	$	22,201	$	(123)	$	19,245	$	(137)	$	41,446	$	(260)

Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Fixed maturities $ 1,408
$ 1,558
$ 2,880
$ 2,827
Preferred stock 34
(19 ) 20
(23 )
Common stock 75
—
1,874
—
Interest earned on cash and short-term investments 7
31
22
53
Net investment income $ 1,524
$ 1,570
$ 4,796
$ 2,857

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Note 5. Equity Method Investments

The Company ~~has~~had investments in Compstar ~~Holding Company LLC (Compstar)~~ and Trean Intermediaries (TRI). Equity earnings and losses are reported in equity earnings in affiliates, net of tax on the condensed ~~combined~~consolidated statements of operations.

~~The~~On July 15, 2020, the Company purchased the remaining 55% ownership interest in Compstar (See Note 2). Prior to the acquisition, the Company owned 45% of Compstar which had a carrying value of approximately ~~$11,461 and~~ $11,831 as of ~~June 30, 2020 and~~ December 31, ~~2019, respectively.~~2019. The Company recorded earnings for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020 and 2019 of ~~$1,230~~$401 and ~~$692,~~$919, respectively. Distributions received from Compstar for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020 and 2019 were ~~$1,024~~$540 and ~~$1,334,~~$1,458, respectively. The Company recorded earnings for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020 and 2019 of ~~$1,932~~$2,333 and ~~$1,134,~~$2,053, respectively. Distributions received from Compstar for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020 and 2019 were ~~$2,302~~$2,842 and ~~$1,537,~~$2,995, respectively.

On January 3, 2020, the Company sold 15% of its previous 25% ownership in TRI for cash proceeds of $3,000. The Company currently maintains a 10% ownership interest in TRI. As a result of its significant ownership reduction and its ~~inability to have~~lack of significant influence over the operations and policies of TRI, the Company reclassified its TRI investment, at fair value, to investments in common stock in the first quarter of 2020. The Company realized a gain on the sale of $3,115, which is included in net realized capital gains on the condensed ~~combined~~consolidated statements of operations. The Company subsequently re-measured its TRI investment shares resulting in an unrealized gain of $2,000 which is recorded in net investment income on the condensed ~~combined~~consolidated statement of operations. The carrying value of TRI as of December 31, 2019 was approximately $110. The Company received distributions totaling $225 for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020. The Company recorded earnings of ~~$174~~$104 and ~~$340~~$445 for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019, respectively. The Company received 0 distributions ~~of $275 and $590~~ for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019, ~~respectively.~~and $591 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Note 6. Debt

~~Long‑term debt~~Debt consisted of the following:


(in thousands)	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Junior subordinated debt	$	7,732	$	7,732
Secured credit facility	32,588		21,637
PPP Loan	325		0
Total debt	40,645		29,369
Less: unamortized deferred financing costs	(787)		(329)
Net debt	$	39,858	$	29,040

(in thousands) June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
Junior subordinated debt $ 7,732
$ 7,732
Secured credit facility 32,794
21,637
Long-term debt 40,526
29,369
Less: unamortized deferred financing costs (828 ) (329 )
Net long‑term debt $ 39,698
$ 29,040

Junior Subordinated Debt

In June 2006, Trean Capital Trust I (the Trust) issued 7,500 shares of preferred capital securities to qualified institutional buyers and 232 common securities to Trean Corp. The proceeds of such issuances were invested by the Trust in $7,732 aggregate principal amount of Trean Corp's Junior Subordinated Debt due 2036 (the Subordinated Notes). The Subordinated Notes represent the sole assets of the Trust. The Subordinated Notes mature on July 7, 2036. The interest rate was a fixed rate of 9.167% until July 7, 2011, atafter which ~~time~~ a variable interest rate of LIBOR ~~(1.22%~~(0.28% and 1.99% as of ~~June~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively) plus 3.50% iswas in effect. The interest rate totaled ~~4.72%~~3.78% and 5.49% as of ~~June~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. There are optional dates for redemption of the Subordinated Notes, at the option of the Company, on any January 7, April 7, July 7, or October 7 following July 7, 2011. There are no funding requirements for Trean Corp to the Trust except for the necessary quarterly interest payments. Trean Corp is the guarantor of the ~~debt.~~Subordinated Notes.

The preferred capital securities issued by the Trust in turn pay quarterly cash distributions at an annual rate of 9.167% per annum of the liquidation amount of $1 per security until July 7, 2011 and thereafter at a variable rate per annum, reset quarterly, equal to LIBOR plus 3.50%. The preferred capital securities do not have a stated maturity date, although they are subject to mandatory redemption upon maturity of the Subordinated Notes on July 7, 2036, or upon earlier redemption. These preferred securities ~~are fully~~were guaranteed by the ~~Company.~~Company and were paid off in full on October 7, 2020.

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The Company recorded ~~$92~~$69 and ~~$119~~$115 of interest expense associated with the Subordinated Notes during the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. During the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded ~~$196~~$265 and ~~$241~~$356 of interest expense, respectively, associated with the Subordinated Notes.

The terms of ~~this agreement~~the Subordinated Notes require the Company to maintain certain general and financial covenants and ratios. The Company was in compliance with all covenants and ratios as of ~~June~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The Subordinated Notes were redeemed in full on October 7, 2020.

Secured Credit Facility

In April 2018, Trean Corp entered into a credit agreement with a bank which includes a term loan facility totaling $27,500 and a revolving credit facility of $3,000. Borrowings are secured by substantially all of the assets of Trean and its subsidiaries.

On May 26, 2020, the Company entered into a new Amended and Restated Credit Agreement which, among other things, extended the Company's credit facility for a period of five years through May 26, 2025 and increased its term loan facility by $11,707 resulting in a total term loan debt amount of $33,000 at the time of closing. The loan has a variable interest rate of LIBOR plus 3.50% and 3.00%, which was ~~5.95%~~4.81% and 6.33% as of ~~June~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The outstanding principal balance of the loan is to be repaid in quarterly installments which escalate from $206 to $825. All ~~shares~~equity securities of the subsidiaries of Trean Insurance Group, Inc. (other than Benchmark Holding Company and its ~~subsidiaries~~subsidiaries) have been pledged as ~~guaranteed~~ collateral.

The Company recorded ~~$388~~$403 and ~~$420~~$369 of interest expense associated with its credit facility during the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. During the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded ~~$722~~$1,125 and ~~$892~~$1,261 of interest expense, respectively, associated with its credit facility.

The terms of ~~this agreement~~the credit facility require the Company to maintain certain financial covenants and ratios. The Company was in compliance with all covenants and ratios as of ~~June~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

PPP Loan

In conjunction with the acquisition of Compstar (See Note 2), the Company acquired a Federal Paycheck Protection Program Loan (PPP Loan) with a principal balance of $325. The PPP Loan has a fixed interest rate of 1.00%. The Company recorded $1 of interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Oak Street Loan

In conjunction with the acquisition of Compstar (See Note 2), the Company acquired a loan from Oak Street Funding with a total principle of $19,740. In July 2020, upon completion of the acquisition, the Company paid this loan off in full.

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Note 7. Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Revenue from contracts with customers, included in other revenue, includes brokerage, management, third-party administrative and consulting fees. Revenue from contracts with customers was ~~$1,530~~$5,401 and ~~$5,922~~$11,323 for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, respectively, compared to ~~$1,893~~$2,561 and ~~$5,488~~$8,049 for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019, respectively.

The following table presents the revenues recognized from contracts with customers included in the condensed ~~combined~~consolidated statements of operations.


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Brokerage	$	4,422	$	1,820	$	8,870	$	5,435
Managing general agent fees	312		144		720		711
Third-party administrator fees	562		432		1,329		1,405
Consulting fees	105		165		404		498
Total revenue from contracts with customers	$	5,401	$	2,561	$	11,323	$	8,049

Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Brokerage $ 755
$ 912
$ 4,448
$ 3,615
Managing general agent fees 254
227
408
567
Third-party administrator fees 383
559
767
973
Consulting fees 138
195
299
333
Total revenue from contracts with customers $ 1,530
$ 1,893
$ 5,922
$ 5,488

The Company did not have any contract liabilities as of ~~June~~September 30, 2020 or December 31, 2019. The following table provides information related to the contract assets from contracts with customers. Contract assets are included within other assets on the condensed ~~combined~~consolidated balance sheets.


(in thousands)	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Contract assets	$	5,405	$	1,103

(in thousands) June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
Contract assets $ 2,569
$ 1,103

Note 8. Income Taxes

Income tax expense for interim periods is measured using an estimated effective income tax rate for the annual period. The Company's effective tax rate was ~~28.2%~~1.1% and ~~25.5%~~5.5% for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, respectively. The effective tax rate differed from the statutory rate primarily due to the non-tax impact of ~~state taxes and~~ the ~~deferred~~gain recorded on the revaluation of the Company's original 45% investment in Compstar, offset by certain IPO-related expenses not deductible for tax ~~effect of a tax accounting method change on excess ceding commissions.~~purposes.

The Company's effective tax rate was ~~23.4%~~22.6% for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019. The effective tax rate differed from the statutory rate of 21% due to the impact of state taxes. The Company's effective tax rate was ~~18.4%~~19.5% for ~~six~~the nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019. The effective tax rate differed from the statutory rate primarily due to book and tax basis differences resulting from the acquisition of ~~FCCIC and deferred tax benefits related to the tax impact~~FCCIC.

Table of ~~deferred acquisition costs.~~Contents

Note 9. Liability for Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expense

The following table represents a reconciliation of changes in the liability for unpaid losses and LAE.


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,							Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2020			2019			2020			2019			(in thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Unpaid losses and LAE reserves at beginning of period	$	418,757		$	364,360		$	406,716		$	340,415		Unpaid losses and LAE reserves at beginning of period	$	442,500	$	382,473	$	406,716	$	340,415
Less losses ceded through reinsurance	(312,105		)	(271,005		)	(304,005		)	(257,421		)	Less losses ceded through reinsurance	(332,765)		(283,974)		(304,005)		(257,421)
Net unpaid losses and LAE at beginning of period	106,652			93,355			102,711			82,994			Net unpaid losses and LAE at beginning of period	109,735		98,499		102,711		82,994
Acquisition of First Choice Casualty Insurance Company	—			—			—			6,366			Acquisition of First Choice Casualty Insurance Company	0		0		0		6,366
Incurred losses and LAE related to:													Incurred losses and LAE related to:
Current period	13,020			14,350			27,189			27,279			Current period	15,864		14,358		43,053		41,637
Prior period	(837		)	(1,336		)	(2,072		)	(2,809		)	Prior period	(300)		(382)		(2,372)		(3,191)
Total incurred losses and LAE	12,183			13,014			25,117			24,470			Total incurred losses and LAE	15,564		13,976		40,681		38,446
Paid losses and LAE, net of reinsurance, related to:													Paid losses and LAE, net of reinsurance, related to:
Current period	3,392			1,230			4,590			2,328			Current period	4,196		4,076		8,786		6,404
Prior period	5,708			6,640			13,503			13,003			Prior period	4,771		2,107		18,274		15,110
Total paid losses and LAE	9,100			7,870			18,093			15,331			Total paid losses and LAE	8,967		6,183		27,060		21,514
Net unpaid losses and LAE at end of period	109,735			98,499			109,735			98,499			Net unpaid losses and LAE at end of period	116,332		106,292		116,332		106,292
Plus losses ceded through reinsurance	332,765			283,974			332,765			283,974			Plus losses ceded through reinsurance	349,170		299,959		349,170		299,959
Unpaid losses and LAE reserves at end of period	$	442,500		$	382,473		$	442,500		$	382,473		Unpaid losses and LAE reserves at end of period	$	465,502	$	406,251	$	465,502	$	406,251

As a result of changes in estimates of insured events in prior years, the provision for unpaid losses and ~~loss adjustment expenses~~LAE decreased by approximately ~~$837 and $1,336~~$300 for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020 and ~~2019, respectively,~~$382 for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The provision for unpaid losses and LAE decreased by approximately ~~$2,072~~$2,372 and ~~$2,809~~$3,191 for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, primarily attributable to the development in the Company’s workers’ compensation book of business.

Note 10. Reinsurance

The Company utilizes reinsurance contracts to reduce its exposure to losses in all aspects of its insurance business. Such reinsurance permits recovery of a portion of losses from reinsurers, although it does not relieve the Company from its primary liability to policyholders. Failure of reinsurers to honor their obligations could result in losses to the Company. The Company evaluates the financial strength of potential reinsurers and continually monitors the financial condition of its reinsurers.

A summary of the impact of ceded reinsurance on premiums written and premiums earned is as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2020								2019
(in thousands)	Gross		Assumed		Ceded		Net		Gross		Assumed		Ceded		Net
Written premiums	$	129,927	$	2,357	$	(94,083)	$	38,201	$	105,947	$	1,587	$	(85,073)	$	22,461
Earned premiums	107,314		2,007		(81,465)		27,856		100,297		1,625		(79,761)		22,161

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	Three Months Ended June 30,																			Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020									2019										2020								2019
(in thousands)	Gross		Assumed		Ceded			Net		Gross		Assumed		Ceded			Net		(in thousands)	Gross		Assumed		Ceded		Net		Gross		Assumed		Ceded		Net
Written premiums	$	107,596	$	2,016	$	(86,586	)	$	23,026	$	102,962	$	1,458	$	(82,183	)	$	22,237	Written premiums	$	343,500	$	6,255	$	(262,301)	$	87,454	$	308,267	$	5,221	$	(247,705)	$	65,783
Earned premiums	98,337		2,010		(78,968		)	21,379		101,097		1,788		(79,508		)	23,377		Earned premiums	304,194		5,960		(238,460)		71,694		289,947		5,442		(230,227)		65,162

Adoption of Leases, Topic 842

On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), and all related amendments under the modified retrospective approach. Under this transition approach, comparative prior periods, including disclosures, were not restated. The Company elected the transition package of practical expedients which, among other things, allowed the Company to carry forward historical lease classification. The Company chose not to elect the hindsight practical expedient. The Company has elected, as a practical expedient, to account for lease components and any non-lease components within a contract as a single lease component, and therefore allocates all of the expected lease payments to the lease component. The adoption of the standard did not have an impact on the Company's condensed ~~combined~~consolidated statements of operations and there was no adjustment to its retained earnings opening balance sheet as of January 1, 2020. The Company does not expect the adoption of the new standard to have a material impact on the Company's operating results on an ongoing basis. The most significant impact of the new lease standard was the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases. On January 1, 2020, the adoption of the new standard resulted in the recognition of a right-of-use asset and total lease liability of $5,946.


(in thousands)	Rent Expense
2020	$	1,718
2021	1,614
2022	1,594
2023	1,191
2024	669
Thereafter	46
Total lease payments	$	6,832

(in thousands) Rent Expense
2020 $ 1,718
2021 1,614
2022 1,594
2023 1,191
2024 669
Thereafter 46
Total lease payments $ 6,832

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Note 12. Equity

~~Members' Equity~~Initial Public Offering and Reorganization

~~BIC Holdings LLC~~On July 20, 2020, Trean Insurance Group, Inc. closed the sale of 10,714,286 shares of its common stock in its IPO, comprised of 7,142,857 shares issued and sold by Trean ~~Holdings LLC were each formed~~Insurance Group, Inc. and 3,571,429 shares sold by selling shareholders. On July 22, 2020, Trean Insurance Group, Inc. closed the sale of an additional 1,207,142 shares by certain selling shareholders in the ~~state~~IPO pursuant to the exercise of ~~Delaware as~~the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares to cover over-allotments. The IPO price per share was $15.00. The aggregate IPO price for all shares sold in the IPO was approximately $107,142 and the aggregate initial public offering price for all shares sold by the selling shareholders in the IPO was approximately $71,678. The shares began trading on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on July 16, 2020 under the symbol "TIG". The offer and sale was pursuant to a ~~limited liability company (LLC). Any debts,~~registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-239291), which was declared effective by the SEC on July 15, 2020.

Trean Insurance Group, Inc. received net proceeds from the sale of shares in the IPO of approximately $94,906 after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $7,500 and estimated offering expenses ~~obligations~~of $4,737. Trean Insurance Group, Inc. did not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling shareholders. In addition, and in conjunction with its IPO, Trean Insurance Group, Inc. issued 6,613,606 shares of common stock, with a purchase price value of $99,204, to acquire the remaining 55% ownership in Compstar Holding Company LLC. See Part II, Item 2, "Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds" for a detailed discussion of use of proceeds associated with the IPO.

Prior to the completion of the above offering, the Company effected the following reorganization transactions: (i) each of Trean and BIC contributed all of their respective assets and liabilities to Trean Insurance Group, Inc., a newly formed direct subsidiary of BIC, in exchange for shares of common stock in Trean Insurance Group, Inc. and (ii) upon the completion of the ~~Company are solely~~transfers by Trean and BIC, Trean and BIC were dissolved and distributed in-kind common shares to the responsibility of the Company. Any member of the LLC does not have any liability for the obligations or liabilities of the Company solely by reason of being a member or acting as a member of the Company.pre-IPO unitholders.

Common Stock

The Company currently has authorized 600,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.01. As of September 30, 2020, there were 51,148,782 shares of common stock issued and outstanding.

Members' Equity

Prior to the IPO of Trean Insurance Group, Inc., the Company had three classes of ownership units, each with its respective rights, preferences and privileges as follows:

~~Class A Units~~: Receive an allocation of profits and losses incurred by the Company as well as maintain the right to receive distributions, along with Class B Units, on a pro rata basis prior to distributions made to other classes of ownership units.

1)Class A Units: Receive an allocation of profits and losses incurred by the Company as well as maintain the right to receive distributions, along with Class B Units, on a pro rata basis prior to distributions made to other classes of ownership units.

2)Class B Units: Receive an allocation of profits and losses incurred by the Company as well as maintain the right to receive distributions, along with Class A Units, on a pro rata basis prior to distributions made to other classes of ownership units. Class B maintains both voting and non-voting units. Each Class B Voting Unit is entitled to one vote per Class B Voting Unit on each matter to which the members are entitled to vote. Class B Non-Voting Units maintain all rights, preferences and privileges allowed to Class B Voting Units with the exception of voting rights.

3)Class C Units: Receive an allocation of profits and losses incurred by the Company. Participating Class C Units maintain the right to receive distributions after any Class A or Class B units based on the unit holders’ pro rata share.

As part of the corporate reorganization performed in conjunction with the IPO of Trean Insurance Group, all ownership units were exchanged for a total of 37,386,394 shares of the Company's common stock.

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~~Class B Units~~: Receive an allocation of profits and losses incurred by the Company as well as maintain the right to receive distributions, along with Class A Units, on a pro rata basis prior to distributions made to other classes of ownership units. Class B maintains both voting and non-voting units. Each Class B Voting Unit is entitled to one vote per Class B Voting Unit on each matter to which the members are entitled to vote. Class B Non-Voting Units maintain all rights, preferences and privileges allowed to Class B Voting Units with the exception of voting rights.


3)	~~Class C Units~~: Receive an allocation of profits and losses incurred by the Company. Participating Class C Units maintain the right to receive distributions after any Class A or Class B units based on the unit holders’ pro rata share.

Redeemable Preferred Stock

Trean Corp has designated and authorized 1,000,000 shares as Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock (Series A) which have no voting rights. The holder is entitled to receive annual cumulative dividends at ~~4.5 percent~~4.5% of the original cost per share. In the event of liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the affairs of Trean Corp, liquidation distributions are made to preferred ~~stockholders~~shareholders before common ~~stockholders.~~shareholders. Series A contained no conversion features. During 2019 the Company redeemed all of its remaining shares of Series A.

Benchmark Holding Company has designated and authorized 1,000,000 shares as Series B Redeemable Preferred Stock (Series B) which have no voting rights. The holder is entitled to receive annual cumulative dividends as a percentage of the original cost per share or the actual earning on the invested funds. In the event of liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the affairs of Benchmark Holding Company, liquidation distributions are made to preferred ~~stockholders~~shareholders before common ~~stockholders.~~shareholders. Series B contains no conversion features. The liquidation preference and redemptive value of Series B is equivalent to its carrying value as of ~~June~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The Company classified the shares of Series B within temporary equity on the condensed ~~combined~~consolidated balance sheets as of ~~June~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, due to the liquidation rights associated with the termination of the shareholder customer agreement.

~~The~~ In conjunction with the IPO of Trean Insurance Group, Inc. on July 15, 2020, the Company ~~is required to redeem~~redeemed all of its remaining shares of ~~outstanding~~ Series ~~A or Series B if any of the following events occur:~~B.


1.	~~Upon demand by a majority of the shareholders having voting rights in the Company~~


2.	~~Upon termination of the underlying stock purchase agreement between the Series A holders and Trean (only applicable to Series A shares)~~


3.	Any refinancing, recapitalization, sale of assets or stock by Trean Corp or Benchmark Holding Company that results in a realization of gain by the shareholders, to the extent the same is distributed to shareholders, whether in a single or a series of distributions (only applicable to Series A shares)


4.	~~Change in the majority control of the Company (only applicable to Series B shares)~~


5.	~~The termination of the shareholder customer agreement (only applicable to Series B shares)~~


6.	~~A qualified initial public offering of Trean Corp or Benchmark Holding Company~~

The cumulative dividends earned by Series B holders totaled approximately ~~$83~~$45 and $128 for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, respectively, which consist of the following (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
	Total Dividend		Dividend per Share		Weighted Average Shares
Dividends on preferred shares - Series B	$	45	$	890.85	51.00

Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
Total Dividend Dividend per Share
Weighted
Average Shares
Dividends on preferred shares - Series B $ 83
$ 1,622.90
51.00


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
	Total Dividend		Dividend per Share		Weighted Average Shares
Dividends on preferred shares - Series B	$	128	$	2,513.76	51.00

The cumulative dividends earned by Series A and Series B holders totaled approximately ~~$87~~$48 and ~~$96~~$144 for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019, respectively, which consist of the following (in thousands, except share and ~~pre~~per share amounts):


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Total Dividend		Dividend per Share		Weighted Average Shares
Dividends on preferred shares - Series A	$	12	$	1,134.15	10.00
Dividends on preferred shares - Series B	36		605.42		60.00
Total preferred share dividends	$	48


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Total Dividend		Dividend per Share		Weighted Average Shares
Dividends on preferred shares - Series A	$	34	$	3,365.75	10.00
Dividends on preferred shares - Series B	110		1,845.88		60.00
Total preferred share dividends	$	144

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Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
Total Dividend Dividend per Share
Weighted
Average Shares
Dividends on preferred shares - Series A $ 13
$ 1,352.82
10.00
Dividends on preferred shares - Series B 74
1,240.46
60.00
Total preferred share dividends $ 87

Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Total Dividend Dividend per Share
Weighted
Average Shares
Dividends on preferred shares - Series A $ 22
$ 2,231.51
10.00
Dividends on preferred shares - Series B 74
1,240.46
60.00
Total preferred share dividends $ 96

Note 13. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share (EPS) is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during reported periods. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock of the Company during reported periods and is calculated using the treasury stock method. As a result of the Company's third quarter IPO and corporate reorganization, the number of shares used to compute earnings per share for pre-reorganization 2019 periods presented was retrospectively adjusted to reflect the recapitalization akin to a split-like situation.

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted EPS of common stock:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Net income - basic and diluted	$	69,337	$	5,786	$	82,663	$	20,628

Weighted average number of shares outstanding - basic	49,054,441		37,386,394		41,304,132		37,386,394
Effect of dilutive securities:
RSUs	1,560		0		520		0
Dilutive shares	1,560		0		520		0
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - diluted	49,056,001		37,386,394		41,304,652		37,386,394

Earnings per share:
Basic	$	1.41	$	0.15	$	2.00	$	0.55
Diluted	$	1.41	$	0.15	$	2.00	$	0.55

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, there were no anti-dilutive shares excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS.

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Note 14. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table presents the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income for unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Balance at beginning of period	$	8,703	$	4,051	$	4,821	$	(2,003)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Unrealized investment gains:
Unrealized investment gains arising during the period	686		1,189		5,715		8,942
Income tax expense	144		249		1,198		1,878
Unrealized investment gains, net of tax	542		940		4,517		7,064
Less: reclassification adjustments to:
Net realized investment gains (losses) included in net realized capital gains (losses)	114		(34)		232		55
Income tax expense (benefit)	24		(8)		49		11
Total reclassifications included in net income, net of tax	90		(26)		183		44
Other comprehensive income	452		966		4,334		7,020
Balance at end of period	$	9,155	$	5,017	$	9,155	$	5,017

Note ~~14.~~15. Stock-Based Compensation


			Fiscal 2
Expected volatility			29.8%
Expected term			6 years
Risk-free interest rate			0.47%


	Stock Options	Weighted Average Exercise Price
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2019	0	$	0
Granted	89,920	$	15.00
Balance outstanding, September 30, 2020	89,920	$	15.00
Options exercisable, September 30, 2020	0	$	0


	Options Outstanding						Options Vested or Expected to Vest
Stock Options	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contract Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contract Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
2020 Omnibus Plan	89,920	$	15.00	9.83 years	$	22,480	89,920	$	15.00	9.83 years	$	22,480

The weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $4.43. As of September 30, 2020, total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options was $370 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.5 years.

Restricted Stock Units

A summary of the status of the Company’s non-vested restricted stock unit activity as of September 30, 2020 and changes during the nine-month period then ended is as follows:


	Employees			Non-Employee Directors			Total
	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested outstanding, December 31, 2019	0	$	0	0	$	0	0	$	0
Granted	106,160	$	15.42	6,668	$	15.12	112,828	$	15.40
Vested	(11,240)	$	15.51	0	$	0	(11,240)	$	15.51
Non-vested outstanding, September 30, 2020	94,920	$	15.41	6,668	$	15.12	101,588	$	15.39

Pre-IPO Stock-Based Compensation

Note ~~15.~~16. Transactions with Related Parties

~~The~~Effective July 15, 2020, Trean Compstar Holdings LLC purchased the remaining ownership interest in Compstar (See Note 2). Prior to the acquisition, the Company ~~owns~~owned a 45% interest in Compstar, a program manager ~~which~~that handles the underwriting, premium collection and servicing of insurance policies for the Company. The Company recorded ~~$43,917 and~~ $90,199 of gross earned premiums resulting in gross commissions of ~~$7,737 and~~ $17,709 for the ~~three and six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, ~~2020, respectively.~~2020. The Company recorded ~~$45,668~~$47,825 and ~~$79,691~~$127,516 of gross earned premiums resulting in gross commissions of ~~$9,191~~$9,924 and ~~$16,554~~$26,478 due to Compstar for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019, respectively. All receivables are stated net of the

Note ~~16.~~17. Subsequent Events

Trean Insurance Group, Inc. received net proceeds from the sale of shares in the IPO of approximately $94,906 after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $7,500 and estimated offering expenses of $4,737. Trean Insurance Group, Inc. did not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders. In addition, and in conjunction with its IPO, Trean Insurance Group, Inc. issued 6,613,606 shares of common stock, with a purchase price value of $99,204, to acquire the remaining 55% ownership in Compstar Holding Company LLC. See Part II, Item 2, "Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds" for a detailed discussion of use of proceeds associated with the IPO.

Prior to the completion of the above offering, the Company effected the following reorganization transactions: (i) each of Trean Holdings LLC (Trean) and BIC Holdings LLC (BIC) contributed all of their respective assets and liabilities to Trean Insurance Group, Inc., a newly formed direct subsidiary of BIC, in exchange for shares of common stock in Trean Insurance Group, Inc., (ii) upon the completion of the transfers by Trean and BIC, Trean and BIC were dissolved and distributed in-kind common shares to the pre-IPO unitholders.

~~On July 16,~~October 1, 2020, Benchmark Holding Company ~~entered into an agreement to acquire~~acquired 7710 Holdings, LLC (7710), which includes 7710 Insurance Company as well as its associated program manager and agency, 7710 Service Company, LLC and Creekwood Insurance Agency, LLC for a purchase price of ~~$12,000.~~$12,140. 7710 Insurance Company underwrites workers' compensation primarily for emergency services, including firefighters and emergency medical services (EMS). 7710 focuses on reducing costs and claims through the implementation of a propriety safety preparedness and loss control program, ~~(S.H.I.E.L.D.),~~ created and staffed by experienced firefighters and EMS professionals.

All of the effects of subsequent events that provide additional evidence about conditions that existed at the condensed ~~combined~~consolidated balance sheet date, including the estimates inherent in the process of preparing the condensed ~~combined~~consolidated financial statements, are recognized in the condensed ~~combined~~consolidated financial statements.

The following Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contain forward-looking ~~statements.~~ statements as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include statements that are not historical or current facts. These statements may discuss, among other things, our future financial performance, our business prospects and strategy, the lines of business we target, our anticipated financial position, liquidity and capital, our dividend policy and market and industry conditions. You can identify forward-looking statements by words such as "anticipate," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "plan," "predict," "project," "believe," "seek," "outlook," "future," "will," "would," "should," "could," "may," "can have," "likely" and similar terms. Forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations and assumptions about future events. These statements are only predictions and are not guarantees of future performance. Forward-looking statements ~~are subject to~~involve risks and uncertainties, ~~including changes~~that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in ~~circumstances that are difficult to predict. If one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or~~the forward-looking statements if ~~our~~the underlying ~~beliefs and~~ assumptions prove to be incorrect ~~actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by~~or as a ~~forward-looking statement. Factors~~result of risks, uncertainties, and other factors, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the business and operations of the Company, our program partners and other business relations. Other factors that may cause such differences include those risks described in the ~~“Risk Factors”~~"Risk Factors" section ~~included herein and~~ in our ~~registration statement~~Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on ~~Form S-1. Forward-looking~~August 28, 2020. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made. Except as ~~expressly~~ required ~~under federal~~by applicable securities laws or the rules and regulations of the SEC, we disclaim any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future ~~events~~developments, changes in assumptions or otherwise. ~~You should~~Investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking ~~statements.~~statements contained herein or in other filings and public statements made by us.

~~Our goal is to deliver long-term value to our stockholders~~

Initial Public Offering and Reorganization

Acquisition of Compstar

Effective July 15, 2020, Trean Compstar Holdings LLC purchased the remaining 55% ownership interest in Compstar, a holding company along with its wholly owned subsidiary Compstar Insurance Services, a managing general agent, by issuing 6,613,606 shares of the Company’s common stock with a market price of $15 per share on the date of acquisition. Prior to the acquisition date, the Company held a 45% ownership interest in Compstar and accounted for its investment under the equity method. As of the acquisition date, the fair value attributable to the Company’s previous equity interest was $81,167 and the carrying value was $11,321. As a result, the Company recorded a gain of $69,846 from the remeasurement of its previous equity interest, which is included in gain on revaluation of Compstar investment on the condensed consolidated statement of operations. The fair value of the Company’s previous equity interest was revalued on the acquisition date using the market price of the shares issued as consideration for the acquisition.

Workforce Operations

Premium Revenue, Claims and Losses

We have not ~~had~~experienced a ~~significant~~material impact to our premium revenue in the first ~~half~~nine months of 2020 ~~relating to~~as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Only 10.0% of our business falls under hospitality, healthcare, and education, where the majority of layoffs in response to the ~~layoffs~~pandemic have occurred so far. Gross written premiums have increased by ~~5.0%~~23.0% and gross earned premiums have ~~decreased~~increased by ~~2.5%~~7.3% during the quarter ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020 ~~due primarily to the addition of second quarter new Program Partners whose premiums have not yet been earned,~~ compared to the quarter ended ~~June~~September 30, ~~2019.~~2019 primarily driven by the increase in gross written premiums. On a year-to-date basis, gross written premiums have increased by ~~5.6%~~11.6% and gross earned premiums have increased by ~~3.8%~~5.0% during the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020 compared to the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019 primarily driven by the increase in gross written premiums. As over ~~80%~~70% of our gross written premiums are related to workers’ compensation insurance, we expect that future revenue trends could be impacted by higher unemployment rates as businesses slowly restart or if unemployment levels continue to trend high over the balance of ~~2020.~~2020 and possibly beyond. However, a significant portion of our workers’ compensation premiums are pay-as-you-go programs, which reduces our downside risk from future premium audits or refunds.

Investment Portfolio

With respect to our investment portfolio, we seek to hold a high-quality, diversified portfolio of investments, which are primarily in fixed maturity and available-for-sale investments and as such, our investment portfolio has limited exposure to the recent equity market volatility. In addition, and as a precaution, we put a temporary freeze on further investments to accumulate cash for liquidity purposes. For the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, we have experienced a net increase of ~~$5,029~~ $5,715 in the fair value of our investment portfolio due to unrealized gains on the value of our fixed maturity investments and have not seen a significant increase in gross or aged unrealized losses with respect to our fixed maturity investments. We believe that any decline in the fair value of specific fixed maturity investments during 2020 is due to the recent disruption in the global financial markets associated with COVID-19 as opposed to underlying issues with our investment portfolio. While we have seen an improvement in our unrealized investment positions as of the end of ~~June~~September 2020, if there were to be continued equity and debt financial market volatility, which in turn could create mark-to-market investment valuation decreases, we expect there could be additional or increased unrealized losses recorded during the balance of the year. However, given the conservative nature of our investment portfolio, we expect that any adverse impact on the value of our investment portfolio, as it relates to COVID-19, will be temporary, and we do not expect a long-term negative impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Gross written premiums: Gross written premiums are the amounts received or to be received for insurance policies written or assumed by us during a specific period of time without reduction for general and administrative expenses (including policy acquisition costs), reinsurance costs or other deductions. The volume of our gross written premiums in any given period is generally influenced by:

•Addition and retention of Program Partners;

•New business submissions to our Program Partners;

•Binding of new business submissions into policies;

•Renewals of existing policies; and

•Average size and premium rate of bound policies.

Gross earned premiums: Gross earned premiums are the earned portion of gross written premiums. We earn insurance premiums on a pro rata basis over the term of the policy. Our insurance policies generally have a term of one year.

Ceded earned premiums: Ceded earned premiums are the amount of gross earned premiums ceded to reinsurers. We enter into reinsurance contracts to limit our maximum losses and diversify our exposure and provide statutory surplus relief. The volume of our ceded earned premiums is affected by the level of our gross earned premiums and any decision we make to increase or decrease limits, retention levels and co-participations.

Net earned premiums: Net earned premiums represent the earned portion of our gross written premiums, less that portion of our gross written premiums that is earned and ceded to third-party reinsurers, including our Program Partners and professional reinsurers, under our reinsurance agreements.

Net investment income: We earn investment income on our portfolio of cash and invested assets. Our cash and invested assets are primarily comprised of fixed maturities, including other investments and short-term investments. Our net investment income includes interest income on our invested assets, which is net of the income earned on our reinsurance agreements, which are held for the benefit of our Program Partners, as well as unrealized gains and losses on our equity portfolio.

Net realized capital gains/losses: Net realized capital gains/losses are a function of the difference between the amount received by us on the sale of a security and the security’s recorded value as well as any ~~“other-than-temporary impairments”~~"other-than-temporary impairments" relating to fixed maturity investments recognized in earnings.

Other revenue: Other revenue includes brokerage, third-party administrative, management and consulting fees, which are commonly based on written premiums.

Loss and loss adjustment expenses: Losses and LAE are net of reinsurance and include claims paid, estimates of future claim payments, changes in those estimates from prior reporting periods and costs associated with investigating, defending and servicing claims. In general, our losses and LAE are affected by:

•frequency of claims associated with the particular types of insurance contacts that we write;

•trends in the average size of losses incurred on a particular type of business;

•mix of business written by us;

•changes in the legal or regulatory environment related to the business we write;

•trends in legal defense costs;

•wage inflation; and

•inflation in medical costs

Losses and LAE are based on an actuarial analysis of the estimated losses, including losses incurred during the period and changes in estimates from prior periods. Losses and LAE may be paid out over a period of years.

General and administrative expenses: General and administrative expenses include policy acquisition costs and other underwriting expenses. Policy acquisition costs are principally comprised of the commissions we pay our brokers and program managers, net of ceding commissions we receive on business ceded under our reinsurance contracts. Policy acquisition costs that are directly related to the successful acquisition or reinsurance of those policies are deferred. The amortization of such policy acquisition costs is charged to expense in proportion to premium earned over the policy life. Other general and administrative expenses include employee salaries and benefits, corporate insurance costs, technology costs, office rent and professional services fees such as legal, accounting and actuarial services.

Intangible asset amortization: Intangible asset amortization consists of expenses incurred related to the amortization of intangible assets recorded as a result of business acquisitions and consists of trade names, customer lists and relationships and non-compete agreements.

Noncash share-based compensation: Noncash share-based compensation include expenses related to the fair value and issuance of restricted stock units and stock options.

Interest expense: Interest expense consists primarily of interest paid on (i) our term loan facility and (ii) the preferred capital securities issued by the Trust (See “—"Financial Condition, Liquidity and capital resources — Debt and Credit ~~Agreements”~~Agreements").

Other income: Other income consists primarily of sublease revenue and other miscellaneous income items.

Equity earnings in affiliates, net of tax: Equity earnings in affiliates, net of tax includes the Company's share of earnings from equity method investments.

Underwriting incomeis a non-GAAP financial measure defined as income before taxes excluding net investment income, investment revaluation gains, net realized capital gains ~~(losses),~~or losses, IPO-related expenses, intangible asset amortization, noncash share-based compensation, other revenue, interest expense and other income. See ~~“Reconciliation~~"Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial ~~Measures”~~Measures" for a reconciliation of underwriting income to income before taxes in accordance with GAAP.

Adjusted net incomeis a non-GAAP financial measure defined as net income excluding the impact of ~~unusual events~~certain items, including the consummation of the reorganization transactions in connection with our IPO, noncash intangible asset amortization and share-based compensation, or gains or losses that we believe do not ~~believe~~ reflect our core operating performance, which items may have a disproportionate effect in a given period, affecting comparability of our ~~results.~~results across periods. See ~~“Reconciliation~~"Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial ~~Measures”~~Measures" for a reconciliation of adjusted net income to net income in accordance with GAAP.

Loss ratio, expressed as a percentage, is the ratio of losses and ~~loss adjustment expenses~~LAE to net earned premiums.

Expense ratio, expressed as a percentage, is the ratio of general and administrative expenses to net earned premiums.

Combined ratiois the sum of the loss ratio and the expense ratio. A combined ratio under 100% generally indicates an underwriting profit. A combined ratio over 100% generally indicates an underwriting loss.

Return on equity is net income expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending ~~stockholders'~~shareholders' equity during the period.

Adjusted return on equity is a non-GAAP financial measured defined as adjusted net income expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending ~~stockholders’~~shareholders' equity during the period. See ~~“Reconciliation~~"Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial ~~Measures”~~Measures" for a reconciliation of adjusted return on equity to return on equity in accordance with GAAP.

Tangible ~~members'~~shareholders' equity is defined as ~~members'~~shareholders' equity less goodwill and other intangible assets.

Return on tangible equity is a non-GAAP financial measure defined as net income expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending tangible ~~members’~~shareholders' equity during the period.

Adjusted return on tangible equity is a non-GAAP financial measure defined as adjusted net income expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending tangible ~~members’~~shareholders' equity during the period. See ~~“Reconciliation~~"Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial ~~Measures”~~Measures" for a reconciliation of adjusted return on tangible equity to return on tangible equity in accordance with GAAP.

~~Combined~~Consolidated Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020 Compared to ~~June~~September 30, 2019

Underwriting income(1)

Adjusted net income(1)

Adjusted return on equity(1)

Return on tangible equity(1)

Adjusted return on tangible equity(1)

Underwriting income⁽¹⁾

Adjusted net income⁽¹⁾

Adjusted return on equity⁽¹⁾

Return on tangible equity⁽¹⁾

Adjusted return on tangible equity⁽¹⁾

^{(1) This metric represents a non-GAAP financial measure. See 'Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures' for a reconciliation of this metric to the applicable GAAP metric.}

Gross written premiums: Gross written premiums increased ~~$5,192,~~$24,750, or ~~5.0%~~23.0%, to ~~$109,612~~$132,284 for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, compared to ~~$104,420~~$107,534 for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019. The increase is primarily attributable to the addition of new Program Partners brought on board during the second ~~quarter~~and third quarters of 2020. The changes in gross written premiums were most notably due to the following lines of business:

Gross earned premiums: Gross earned premiums ~~decreased $2,538,~~increased $7,399, or ~~2.5%~~7.3%, to ~~$100,347~~$109,321 for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, compared to ~~$102,885~~$101,922 for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019. The ~~decrease~~increase is driven by the increase in gross written premium, partially offset by the increase in unearned premiums of ~~$7,730,~~$17,351, which is due to the addition of ~~second quarter~~ new Program Partners in the second and third quarter whose premiums ~~have not yet been earned and the timing~~are largely unearned as of ~~the effective dates of new policies written during the second quarter.~~September 30, 2020. Gross earned premiums as a percentage of gross written premiums decreased to ~~91.5%~~82.6% for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, compared to ~~98.5%~~94.8%, for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019.

Ceded earned premiums: Ceded earned premiums ~~decreased $540,~~increased $1,704, or ~~0.7%~~2.1%, to ~~$78,968~~$81,465 for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, compared to ~~$79,508~~$79,761 for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019. The ~~decrease~~increase in ceded earned premiums is primarily ~~driven by~~due to the ~~timing~~growth in the earned premiums of Compstar as well as the addition of new ~~policy effective dates for ceded policies.~~Program Partners during the second and third quarter whose premiums are largely ceded. The total ceded earned premiums as a percentage of gross earned premiums ~~remained relatively consistent at 78.7%~~decreased to 74.5% for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, compared to ~~77.3%~~78.3% for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019.

Net earned premiums: Net earned premiums ~~decreased $1,998,~~increased $5,695, or ~~8.5%~~25.7%, to ~~$21,379~~$27,856 for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, compared to ~~$23,377~~$22,161 for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019. The ~~decrease~~increase is due primarily to the ~~decrease~~increase in gross written and earned premiums described above, partially offset by the ~~decrease~~increase in ceded earned premiums over the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019.

Net investment income: Net investment income ~~remained relatively consistent at $1,524~~increased $136, or 7.9%, to $1,857 for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, compared to ~~$1,570~~$1,721 for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019. The increase is driven by an increase in the Company's fixed maturity investment portfolio.

Net realized capital gains (losses): Net realized capital gains (losses) ~~decreased $115~~increased $149 to a ~~loss~~gain of $4$115 for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, compared to a ~~gain~~loss of ~~$111~~$34 for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019. The ~~decrease~~increase is due to ~~a reduction~~an increase in net gains recorded for trading activity during the current period.

Other revenue: Other revenue ~~decreased $363,~~increased $2,840, or ~~19.2%~~110.9%, to ~~$1,530~~$5,401 for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, compared to ~~$1,893~~$2,561 for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019. The ~~decrease~~increase is driven by ~~a decrease in third-party administrator fees of $176 resulting from a loss in certain customers as well as a decrease~~an increase in brokerage revenue of ~~$157 driven by~~$2,602 due to the ~~reduction~~effective dates of reinsurance contracts for current and new Program Partners and increases in ~~brokerage fees earned.~~estimated premiums on reinsurance contracts.

Losses and loss adjustment expenses: Losses and ~~loss adjustment expense decreased $831,~~LAE increased $1,588, or ~~6.4%~~11.4%, to ~~$12,183~~$15,564 for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, compared to ~~$13,014~~$13,976 for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019. The ~~decrease~~increase is directly attributable to the ~~decrease~~increase in earned premiums during the period ~~offset by~~and a decrease in favorable loss reserve estimate true-ups made during the ~~second quarter of~~three months ended September 30, 2020 versus the ~~second quarter of~~three months ended September 30, 2019. The Company's loss ratio ~~remained relatively consistent at 57.0%~~decreased to 55.9% for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020 compared to ~~55.7%~~63.1% for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019, primarily as a result of ~~some programs experiencing decreased loss ratios quarter over quarter.~~increases in estimated losses incurred but not reported during the three months ended September 30, 2019.

General and administrative expenses: General and administrative expenses increased ~~$2,123,~~$1,239, or ~~34.3%~~21.5%, to ~~$8,316~~$6,995 for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, compared to ~~$6,193~~$5,756 for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019. ~~This change resulted in an increase in the~~The Company's expense ratio decreased to ~~38.9%~~25.1% for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, compared to ~~26.5%~~26.0% for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019. The increase is attributable to (i) an increase in ~~professional service expense of $1,782, of which $788 was related to the Company's IPO readiness efforts; (ii) an increase in~~ net agent commissions of ~~$1,580~~$1,869 resulting from an increase in written premium; ~~(iii)~~(ii) an increase in salaries and benefits of ~~$936~~$1,260 resulting from an increased workforce; (iii) an increase in professional service expense of $375, driven by an increase of $258 relating to the Company's post-IPO readiness as well as legal and consulting expenses; (iv) an increase in insurance related expenses of $307 as a result of increased written premium and (v) additional IT software and systems costs totaling ~~$138~~$269 relating to ~~new software implementation~~an increased workforce and additional expenses incurred to accommodate a remote workforce due to COVID-19. These increases are ~~partially~~ offset by a net reduction in ~~premium receivable write-offs of $2,073~~general and ~~a reduction in corporate travel~~administrative expenses of ~~$260 due~~$3,000 as a result of synergies gained from the acquisition of Compstar during the quarter.

Intangible asset amortization: Intangible asset amortization increased $1,109 to $1,120 for the ~~effects~~three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $11 for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The increase is driven by the addition of ~~COVID-19.~~intangible assets acquired as a result of the Company's purchase of the remaining equity interest of Compstar in the third quarter.

Noncash share-based compensation: Noncash share-based compensation was $307 for the three months ended September 30, 2020. Expenses incurred during the period relate to restricted stock units and stock options granted under the Company's 2020 Omnibus Plan during the quarter.

Income tax expense: Income tax expense was ~~$979~~$788 for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, which resulted in an effective tax rate of ~~28.2%~~1.1%, compared to ~~$1,690~~$1,395 for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019, which resulted in an effective

Equity earnings in affiliates, net of tax: Equity earnings in affiliates, net of tax ~~increased $365~~decreased $620 to ~~$1,230~~$401 for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, compared to ~~$865~~$1,021 for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019. ~~This increase is due to the increase in the~~The Company's share of earnings in Compstar ~~of $538. This is partially offset~~decreased by $518 due to the ~~reduction~~Company acquiring the remaining ownership interest in Compstar and no longer accounting for its investment as an equity method investment. In addition, the Company's share of earnings in TRI, ~~of $174,~~ which is also no longer carried as an equity method investment, decreased $104 due to the sale of a portion of the Company's investment ~~in TRI~~ during the first quarter of 2020.

~~Combined~~Consolidated Results of Operations for the ~~Six~~Nine Months Ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020 Compared to ~~June~~September 30, 2019

Underwriting income(1)

Adjusted net income(1)

Adjusted return on equity(1)

Return on tangible equity(1)

Adjusted return on tangible equity(1)

Underwriting income⁽¹⁾

Adjusted net income⁽¹⁾

Adjusted return on equity⁽¹⁾

Return on tangible equity⁽¹⁾

Adjusted return on tangible equity⁽¹⁾

^{(1) This metric represents a non-GAAP financial measure. See 'Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures' for a reconciliation of this metric to the applicable GAAP metric.}

Gross written premiums: Gross written premiums increased ~~$11,517,~~$36,267, or ~~5.6%~~11.6%, to ~~$217,471~~$349,755 for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, compared to ~~$205,954~~$313,488 for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019. The increase is primarily attributable to the growth in our existing program partner business as well as the addition of new Program Partners added in the second ~~quarter.~~and third quarters of 2020. The changes in gross written premiums were most notably due to the following lines of business:

Gross earned premiums: Gross earned premiums increased ~~$7,366,~~$14,765, or ~~3.8%~~5.0%, to ~~$200,833~~$310,154 for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, compared to ~~$193,467~~$295,389 for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019. The increase is driven by the increase in gross written ~~premiums. This increase is~~premiums, partially offset by the increase in gross unearned premiums of ~~$4,151,~~$21,502, which is driven by the addition of new Program Partners during the second ~~quarter~~and third quarters whose premiums ~~have not yet been earned .~~are largely unearned as of September 30, 2020. Gross earned premiums as a percentage of gross written premiums decreased to ~~92.3%~~88.7% for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, compared to ~~93.9%~~94.2%, for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019.

Ceded earned premiums: Ceded earned premiums increased ~~$6,529,~~$8,233, or ~~4.3%~~3.6%, to ~~$156,995~~$238,460 for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, compared to ~~$150,466~~$230,227 for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019. The increase in ceded earned premiums is primarily due to the growth in earned premiums of Compstar ~~whose premiums are largely ceded,~~ as well as the addition of new Program Partners during the second ~~quarter~~and third quarters whose premiums are ~~fully~~largely ceded. The total ceded earned premiums as a percentage of gross earned premiums remained relatively consistent at ~~78.2%~~76.9% for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, compared to ~~77.8%~~77.9% for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019.

Net earned premiums: Net earned premiums increased ~~$837,~~$6,532, or ~~1.9%~~10.0%, to ~~$43,838~~$71,694 for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, compared to ~~$43,001~~$65,162 for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019. The increase is due primarily due to the ~~higher~~increase in gross written and earned premiums described above, partially offset by the increase in ceded earned premiums ~~under reinsurance agreements~~ over the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019.

Net investment income: Net investment income increased ~~$1,939~~$2,075, or 45.3%, to ~~$4,796~~$6,653 for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, compared to ~~$2,857~~$4,578 for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019. The increase is primarily attributable to the fair value re-measurement and common stock investment reclassification of the Company's investment in TRI, which was previously classified as an equity method investment, which resulted in an unrealized gain of $2,000.

Net realized capital gains: Net realized capital gains increased ~~$2,507~~$2,656 to ~~$3,230~~$3,345 for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, compared to ~~$723~~$689 for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019. The increase is primarily due to the recording of a $3,115 realized gain on the sale of a portion of the Company's investment in TRI during the first quarter of 2020, offset by the bargain purchase gain recorded in connection with the acquisition of ~~First Choice Casualty Insurance Company (FCCIC)~~FCCIC during the first quarter of 2019 of $634.

Other revenue: Other revenue increased ~~$434,~~$3,274, or ~~7.9%~~40.7%, to ~~$5,922~~$11,323 for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, compared to ~~$5,488~~$8,049 for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019. The increase is driven by an increase in brokerage revenue of ~~$833 driven by the growth in brokerage fees earned and related primarily to Compstar. This increase is partially offset by a reduction in managing general agent fees of $159,~~$3,435 due to the ~~loss~~addition of ~~a service contract~~new Program Partners and increases in ~~April 2019 and reduced FCCIC managing general agent fees as a result of Trean's acquisition of the company in February 2019.~~estimated premiums on reinsurance contracts.

Losses and loss adjustment expenses: Losses and ~~loss adjustment expense~~LAE increased ~~$647,~~$2,235, or ~~2.6%~~5.8%, to ~~$25,117~~$40,681 for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, compared to ~~$24,470~~$38,446 for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019. The increase is directly attributable to the growth in earned premiums during the period and a decrease in favorable loss reserve estimate true-ups made during the ~~first half of~~nine months ended September 30, 2020 versus the ~~first half of~~nine months ended September 30, 2019. The Company's loss ratio ~~remained relatively consistent at~~

~~57.3%~~decreased to 56.7% for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020 compared to ~~56.9%~~59.0% for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019, as a result of ~~some programs experiencing increased loss ratios period over period.~~increases in estimated losses incurred but not reported during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

General and administrative expenses: General and administrative expenses increased ~~$6,314,~~$7,543, or ~~62.1%~~47.5%, to ~~$16,476~~$23,437 for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, compared to ~~$10,162~~$15,894 for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019. This change resulted in an increase in the Company's expense ratio to ~~37.6%~~32.7% for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, compared to ~~23.6%~~24.4% for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019. The increase is attributable to (i) an increase in net agent commissions of ~~$2,914~~$4,783 resulting from an increase in written premiums; (ii) an increase in salaries and benefits of ~~$2,210~~$3,519 resulting from an increased workforce; (iii) an increase in professional service expense of ~~$2,115,~~$2,440, driven by an increase of ~~which $1,200 was~~$1,875 related to the Company's IPO and post-IPO readiness ~~effort;~~as well as legal and consulting expenses; (iv) additional IT software and systems costs totaling ~~$441~~$708 relating to new software implementation, an increased workforce and additional expenses incurred to accommodate a remote workforce due to COVID-19; and (v) additional rent and office-related expenses totaling ~~$441~~$749 due to the addition of new office locations and rent increases. These increases were partially offset by a net reduction in general and administrative expenses of $3,000 as a result of synergies gained from the acquisition of Compstar during the third quarter and a reduction in insurance related expenses of $1,532, primarily driven by a year-to-date reduction in premium receivable ~~write-offs~~write-offs.

Intangible asset amortization: Intangible asset amortization increased $1,119 to $1,154 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $35 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase is driven by the addition of ~~$2,100~~intangible assets acquired as a result of the purchase of the remaining equity interest of Compstar in the third quarter.

Noncash share-based compensation: Noncash share-based compensation was $307 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Expenses incurred during the period related to restricted stock units and ~~a reduction in corporate travel expenses~~stock options granted under the Company's 2020 Omnibus Plan during the third quarter.

Income tax expense: Income tax expense was ~~$3,891~~$4,679 for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, which resulted in an effective tax rate of ~~25.5%~~5.5%, compared to ~~$3,009~~$4,404 for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019, which resulted in an effective tax rate of ~~18.4%~~19.5%. The ~~increase~~decrease in the effective tax rate from the statutory rate of 21% is due primarily to the non-tax impact of ~~state taxes and~~ the ~~deferred~~gain recorded on the revaluation of the Company's original 45% investment in Compstar, offset by certain IPO-related expenses not deductible for tax effect of a tax accounting method change on excess ceding commissions. Additionally, the Company received tax benefits in the six months ended June 30, 2019 due to book and tax basis differences resulting from the acquisition of FCCIC and tax benefits related to the tax impact of deferred acquisition costs.purposes.

Equity earnings in affiliates, net of tax: Equity earnings in affiliates, net of tax ~~increased~~ ~~$459~~decreased $161 to ~~$1,932~~$2,333 for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, compared to ~~$1,473~~$2,494 for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2019. This ~~increase~~decrease is due to ~~the increase in the Company's share of earnings in Compstar of $798. This is partially offset by~~ the reduction in the Company's share of earnings in TRI of ~~$340,~~$445, which is no longer carried as an equity method investment due to the sale of a portion of the Company's investment in TRI during the first quarter of 2020. This is partially offset by the increase in the Company's share of earnings in Compstar of $280, prior to the acquisition of the remaining ownership interest in Compstar.


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Percentage Change
(in thousands, except percentages)	2020		2019
Net income	$	69,337	$	5,786	1,098.4	%
Income tax expense	788		1,395		(43.5)	%
Equity earnings in affiliates, net of tax	(401)		(1,021)		(60.7)	%
Income before taxes	69,724		6,160		1,031.9	%
Other revenue	(5,401)		(2,561)		110.9	%
Net investment income	(1,857)		(1,721)		7.9	%
Gain on revaluation of Compstar investment	(69,846)		—		100.0	%
Net realized capital (gains) losses	(115)		34		(438.2)	%
Interest expense	520		498		4.4	%
IPO bonuses and contract buyout fee	11,054		—		100.0	%
Intangible asset amortization	1,120		11		10,081.8	%
Noncash share-based compensation	307		—		100.0	%
Other income	(209)		8		(2,712.5)	%
Underwriting income	$	5,297	$	2,429	118.1	%


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Percentage Change
(in thousands, except percentages)	2020		2019
Net income	$	69,337	$	5,786	1,098.4	%
Intangible asset amortization	1,120		11		10,081.8	%
Noncash stock-based compensation	307		—		100.0	%
Expenses associated with Altaris management fee, including cash bonuses paid to unit holders	—		441		(100.0)	%
Expenses associated with IPO and other one-time legal and consulting expenses	645		387		66.7	%
Expenses related to debt issuance costs	—		25		(100.0)	%
FMV adjustment of remaining investment in affiliate	(69,846)		—		100.0	%
IPO bonuses and contract buyout fee	11,054		—		100.0	%
Total adjustments	(56,720)		864		(6,664.8)	%
Tax impact of adjustments	(2,140)		(176)		1,115.9	%
Adjusted net income	$	10,477	$	6,474	61.8	%

Three Months Ended June 30, Percentage Change
(in thousands, except percentages) 2020 2019
Net income $ 3,720
$ 6,391
(41.8 )%
Expenses associated with Altaris management fee, including cash bonuses paid to unit holders 442
441
0.2 %
Expenses associated with IPO and other one-time legal and consulting expenses 788
215
266.5 %
Expenses related to debt issuance costs 135
25
440.0 %
Total adjustments 1,365
681
100.4 %
Tax impact of adjustments (314 ) (138 ) 127.5 %
Adjusted net income $ 4,771
$ 6,934
(31.2 )%

Six Months Ended June 30, Percentage Change
(in thousands, except percentages) 2020 2019
Net income $ 13,326
$ 14,842
(10.2 )%
Expenses associated with Altaris management fee, including cash bonuses paid to unit holders 883
882
0.1 %
Expenses associated with IPO and other one-time legal and consulting expenses 1,200
442
171.5 %
Expenses related to debt issuance costs 135
50
170.0 %
FMV adjustment of remaining investment in affiliate (2,000 ) —
100.0 %
Net gain on purchase & disposal of affiliates (3,115 ) (634 ) 391.3 %
Total adjustments (2,897 ) 740
(491.5 )%
Tax impact of adjustments 666
(279 ) (338.7 )%
Adjusted net income $ 11,095
$ 15,303
(27.5 )%

Adjusted return on equity

Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2020 2019 2020 2019
Adjusted return on equity calculation:
Numerator: adjusted net income $ 4,771
$ 6,934
$ 11,095
$ 15,303
Denominator: average members' equity 144,733
121,292
140,450
114,742
Adjusted return on equity 13.2 % 22.9 % 15.8 % 26.7 %
Return on equity 10.3 % 21.1 % 19.0 % 25.9 %

Table of Contents

Return on tangible equity and adjusted return on tangible equity

We define tangible ~~members’~~shareholders' equity as ~~members’~~shareholders' equity less goodwill and other intangible assets. We define return on tangible equity as net income expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending tangible ~~members’~~shareholders' equity during the period. We define adjusted return on tangible equity as adjusted net income expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending tangible ~~members’~~shareholders' equity during the period. We regularly evaluate acquisition opportunities and have historically made acquisitions that affect ~~members’~~shareholders' equity. We use return on tangible equity and adjusted return on tangible equity as internal performance measures in the management of our operations because we believe they give our management and other users of our financial information useful insight into our results of operations and our underlying business ~~performance.~~performance by adjusting for the effects of acquisitions on our sharehoders' equity and, in the case of adjusted return on tangible equity, by adjusting for the items that we believe do not reflect our core operating performance and that may diminish comparability across periods. Return on tangible equity and adjusted return on tangible equity should not be viewed as a substitute for return on equity or return on tangible equity, respectively, calculated in accordance with GAAP, and other companies may define return on tangible equity and adjusted return on tangible equity differently.


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Return on tangible equity calculation:
Numerator: net income	$	69,337		$	5,786		$	82,663		$	20,628
Denominator:
Average shareholders' equity	270,519			128,299			271,684			117,688
Less: average goodwill and other intangible assets	108,476			2,982			107,994			2,993
Average tangible shareholders' equity	162,043			125,317			163,690			114,695
Return on tangible equity	171.2		%	18.5		%	67.3		%	24.0		%
Return on equity	102.5		%	18.0		%	40.6		%	23.4		%


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Adjusted return on tangible equity calculation:
Numerator: adjusted net income	$	10,477		$	6,474		$	21,600		$	21,797
Denominator: average tangible equity	162,043			125,317			163,690			114,695
Adjusted return on tangible equity	25.9		%	20.7		%	17.6		%	25.3		%
Return on equity	102.5		%	18.0		%	40.6		%	23.4		%

Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2020 2019 2020 2019
Return on tangible equity calculation:
Numerator: net income $ 3,720
$ 6,391
$ 13,326
$ 14,842
Denominator:
Average members' equity 144,733
121,292
140,450
114,742
Less: average goodwill and other intangible assets 3,453
3,006
3,459
3,012
Average tangible members' equity 141,280
118,286
136,991
111,730
Return on tangible equity 10.5 % 21.6 % 19.5 % 26.6 %
Return on equity 10.3 % 21.1 % 19.0 % 25.9 %

Table of Contents

Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2020 2019 2020 2019
Adjusted return on tangible equity calculation:
Numerator: adjusted net income $ 4,771
$ 6,934
$ 11,095
$ 15,303
Denominator: average tangible members' equity 141,280
118,286
136,991
111,730
Adjusted return on tangible equity 13.5 % 23.4 % 16.2 % 27.4 %
Return on equity 10.3 % 21.1 % 19.0 % 25.9 %

Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources and Uses of Funds

We are organized as a holding company with our operations conducted through our subsidiaries, including our wholly owned insurance ~~subsidiaries,~~subsidiaries: Benchmark, which is domiciled in Kansas and commercially domiciled in California, and ALIC, which is domiciled in Utah. Accordingly, the holding company may receive cash through (i) loans from banks, (ii) draws on a revolving loan agreement, (iii) issuance of equity and debt securities, (iv) corporate service fees from our operating subsidiaries, (v) payments from our subsidiaries pursuant to our consolidated tax allocation agreement and other transactions and (vi) dividends from our non-insurance subsidiaries and, subject to certain limitations discussed below, dividends from our insurance subsidiaries. We also may use the proceeds from these sources to contribute funds to the insurance subsidiaries in order to support premium growth, reduce our reliance on reinsurance, retire indebtedness on preferred stock, pay taxes and for other general business purposes.

State insurance laws restrict the ability of insurance companies to declare ~~stockholder~~shareholder dividends without prior regulatory approval. State insurance regulators require insurance companies to maintain specified levels of statutory capital and surplus. Under Kansas law, dividends payable from Benchmark without the prior approval of the applicable insurance commissioner are limited to the greater of (i) 10% of Benchmark’s surplus as shown on the last statutory financial statement on file with the Kansas Insurance Department and the California Department of Insurance, respectively, or (ii) 100% of statutory net income during the applicable twelve-month period (not including realized capital gains and not including pro rata distributions of any class of Benchmark's own securities). Under California law, dividends payable from Benchmark without the prior approval of the applicable insurance commissioner are limited to the greater of (i) 10% of Benchmark’s surplus as shown on the last statutory financial statement on file with the Kansas Insurance Department and the California Department of Insurance, respectively, or (ii) 100% of statutory net income during the applicable twelve-month period. Under Utah law, dividends payable from ALIC without the prior approval of the applicable insurance commissioner are limited to the lesser of (i) 10% of ALIC’s surplus as shown on the last statutory financial statement on file with the Utah Insurance Department or (ii) 100% of net income during the applicable twelve-month period (not including realized capital ~~gains)~~gains and not including pro rata distributions of any class of ALIC's own securities). The maximum amount of dividends the insurance subsidiaries can pay us during 2020 without regulatory approval is $14.0 million. Insurance regulators have broad powers to ensure that statutory surplus remains at adequate levels, and there is no assurance that dividends of the maximum amount calculated under any applicable formula would be permitted. In the future, state insurance regulatory authorities that have jurisdiction over the payment of dividends by the insurance subsidiaries may adopt statutory provisions more restrictive than those currently in effect.

Our insurance subsidiaries are also required to by state law to maintain a minimum level of policyholder's surplus. Kansas and Utah utilize a risk-based capital ~~requirements~~requirement as promulgated by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners. Such requirements are designed to identify the various business risks (e.g., investment risk, underwriting profitability risk, etc.) of insurance companies and their subsidiaries. As of ~~June~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the total adjusted capital of our insurance subsidiaries was in excess of their respective prescribed risk-based capital requirements.

As of ~~June~~September 30, 2020, we had ~~$97,326~~$165,255 in cash and cash equivalents, compared to $74,268 as of December 31, 2019.

Management believes that we have sufficient liquidity available to meet our operating cash needs and obligations and committed capital expenditures for the next 12 months.

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Cash Flows

Our most significant source of cash is from premiums received from insureds, net of the related commission amount for the policies. Our most significant cash outflow is for claims that arise when a policyholder incurs an insured loss. Because the payment of claims occurs after the receipt of the premium, often years later, we invest the cash in various investment securities that generally earn interest and dividends. The table below summarizes our net cash flows.


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	32,208	$	32,052
Investing activities	18,492		(18,174)
Financing activities	59,662		(5,796)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	110,362	$	8,082

Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands) 2020 2019
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities $ 31,783
$ 14,692
Investing activities 6,107
(7,780 )
Financing activities (8,886 ) (4,585 )
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 29,004
$ 2,327

Operating Activities: Net cash provided by operating activities for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020 was ~~$31,783~~$32,208 compared to ~~$14,692~~$32,052 for the same period in 2019. The ~~$17,091~~$156 increase in cash provided by operating activities is driven by an increase in cash during the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020 resulting from (i) an increase in unearned premiums of $22,388 resulting from the increase in written premium during the period; (ii) an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses of ~~$14,320, (ii)~~$5,626, and (iii) a decrease in the change in premiums and other receivables of ~~$6,681 and (iii)~~$5,716. This increase is partially offset by (i) a reduction in underwriting income of $3,246; (ii) an increase in the change in ~~unearned~~prepaid reinsurance premiums of ~~$5,037. This increase is partially offset by a reduction in underwriting income of $6,124,~~$7,342; (iii) an increase in the change in other assets of ~~$1,893~~$6,697; (iv) a decrease in realized capital gains and ~~$1,339 paid~~losses of $5,575; and (v) an increase in funds held for ~~deferred offering costs during 2020.~~reinsurance agreements of $5,225.

Investing Activities: Net cash provided by investing activities for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020 was ~~$6,107~~$18,492 compared to net cash used of ~~$7,780~~$18,174 for the same period in 2019. The ~~$13,887~~$36,666 increase in cash ~~used in~~provided by investing activities is driven by (i) ~~$6,435~~an increase of $17,360 net cash provided by the purchase and sale of investments; (ii) $11,891 cash received in the acquisition of Compstar; (iii) $3,000 received from the sale of TRI in 2020; and ~~(iii)~~(iv) the incremental $4,398 used in 2019 for the acquisitions of First Choice Casualty Insurance Company and the remaining 25% of American Liberty Insurance Company.

Financing Activities: Net cash ~~used in~~provided by financing activities for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020 was ~~$8,886~~$59,662 compared to ~~$4,585~~net cash used of $5,796 for the same period in 2019. The increase in cash ~~used~~provided by investing activities of $65,458 is driven by an$99,643 of net cash proceeds received from the Company's IPO. This increase ~~in distributions to members of $19,183,~~is partially offset by ~~the cash provided by~~distributions paid to members prior to the Company's ~~long-term~~IPO of $18,352, cash paid for deferred offering costs of $5,839, cash used in the buyback of redeemable preferred stock $5,100 and principal payments on the Company's debt, net of ~~principle payments,~~incremental principal received in the refinance of ~~$14,755.~~debt, of $4,848.

Debt and Credit Agreements

First Horizon Credit Agreement

In April 2018, Trean Corporation and Trean Compstar entered into a credit agreement with First Horizon Bank (formerly, First Tennessee Bank National Association) (the 2018 First Horizon Credit Agreement), which ~~includes~~included a term loan facility totaling $27.5 million and a revolving credit facility of $3.0 million. ~~Borrowings are secured by substantially all of the assets of Trean Holdings LLC and its subsidiaries.~~

On May 26, 2020, the Company entered into ~~a new~~an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with First Horizon Bank which, among other things, extended the Company's credit facility for a period of five years through May 26, 2025 and increased its term loan facility by $11,707 resulting in a total term loan debt amount of $33,000 and a revolving credit facility of $2,000. Borrowings under the ~~new~~ facility are secured by substantially all of the assets of Trean Holdings LLC and its subsidiaries (other than equity interests of Compstar and Compstar Insurance Services, LLC), and after giving effect to the July reorganization transactions, borrowings will be secured by substantially all of the assets of Trean Insurance Group, Inc. other than Benchmark Holding Company and its subsidiaries. The loan has a variable interest rate of 3-month LIBOR plus 3.50%, which was ~~5.95%~~4.81% as of ~~June~~September 30, 2020 and 6.33% as of December 31, 2019 (under the 2018 First Horizon Credit

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Agreement). The outstanding principal balance of the loan is to be repaid in quarterly installments that escalate from approximately $206 to $825 until March 2025. All equity securities of the subsidiaries of Trean ~~Holdings LLC have been pledged as collateral, and after giving effect to the July reorganization transactions, all equity securities of the subsidiaries of Trean~~ Insurance Group, Inc. (other than Benchmark Holding Company and its subsidiaries) will be pledged as collateral.

In addition, and in conjunction with, the execution of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, the Company made dividend distribution payments to Trean members totaling $18,154 in May 2020.

2006 Subordinated Notes

In June 2006, ~~Trean Capital~~the Trust ~~I (the Trust)~~ issued 7,500 shares of preferred capital securities to Bear Stearns Securities Corp. and 232 common securities to Trean Corporation. The proceeds of such issuances were invested by the Trust in $7,732 aggregate principal amount of the Subordinated Notes. The Subordinated Notes represents the sole assets of the Trust. The ~~Subordinated Notes mature on July 7, 2036. The~~ interest rate was a fixed rate of 9.167% until July 7, 2011, at which time a variable interest rate of 3-month LIBOR ~~(1.22%~~(0.28% and 1.99% as of ~~June~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively) plus 3.50% is in effect. The interest rate totaled ~~4.72%~~3.78% and 5.49% as of ~~June~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. ~~There are optional dates for redemption~~The Subordinated Notes were redeemed in full on October 7, 2020.

PPP Loan

In conjunction with the acquisition of Compstar, the Company acquired a PPP Loan with a principal balance of $325. The PPP Loan has a fixed interest rate of 1.00%.

Oak Street Loan

In conjunction with the acquisition of Compstar, the Company acquired a loan from Oak Street Funding with a total principle of $19,740. After the completion of the ~~Subordinated Notes, at the option of~~acquisition, the Company on any January 7, April 7, July 7, or October 7 following July 7, 2011. There are no funding requirements for Trean Corporation to the Trust except for the necessary quarterly interest payments. Trean Corporation is the guarantor of the debt.paid this loan off in full.

The preferred capital securities issued by the Trust in turn paid quarterly cash distributions at an annual rate of 9.167% per annum of the liquidation amount of $1 per security until July 7, 2011, and thereafter pay at a variable rate per annum, reset quarterly, equal to 3-month LIBOR plus 3.50%. The preferred capital securities do not have a stated maturity date, although they are subject to mandatory redemption upon maturity of the Subordinated Notes on July 7, 2036, or upon earlier redemption. These preferred securities are fully guaranteed by us.

Reinsurance

We use reinsurance to convert underwriting risk to credit risk, protect the balance sheet, reduce earnings volatility and increase overall premium writing capacity. We utilize both quota share and excess of loss reinsurance to achieve these goals. Quota share reinsurance involves the proportional sharing of premiums and losses. Under excess of loss reinsurance, losses in excess of a retention level are paid by the reinsurer, subject to a limit.

Quota share reinsurance

We utilize quota share reinsurance to: (i) cede premium to Program Partners (non-professional reinsurers) to transfer underwriting risk and align incentives, and (ii) cede premium to professional reinsurers to increase the amount of gross premiums we can write while managing net premiums written leverage appropriately based on its capital base, A.M. Best rating and risk appetite. It is a core pillar of our underwriting philosophy that Program Partners retain a significant portion of the underwriting risk of their program. We believe this best aligns interests, attracts higher quality programs and leads to better underwriting results.

Excess of loss and catastrophe reinsurance

We purchase excess of loss and catastrophe reinsurance from professional reinsurers to protect against catastrophic, large loss and/or unforeseen extreme loss activity that could otherwise negatively impact Benchmark’s profitability and capital base. The majority of our exposure to catastrophe risk stems from the workers’ compensation premium we retain net of premiums ceded to Program Partners and professional reinsurers. Potential catastrophic events include earthquake, terrorism or another event that could cause more than one covered employee working at the same location to be injured in the event. This catastrophic exposure is generally ameliorated by the type of accounts we underwrite. Due to our focus on small- to mid-sized accounts (i.e., few employees per policy and location), we generally do not have concentrated employee counts at single locations that can serve as the basis for a catastrophic loss. The limited catastrophic risk that does exist is ceded to large, professional reinsurers through excess of loss reinsurance contracts.

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Ratings

We have a financial strength rating of ~~“A”~~"A" (Excellent) from A.M. Best. A.M. Best assigns 16 ratings to insurance companies, which currently range from ~~“A+~~"A++”" (Superior) to ~~“S”~~"S" (Rating Suspended). ~~“A”~~"A" (Excellent) is the third highest rating issued by A.M. Best. The ~~“A”~~"A" (Excellent) rating is assigned to insurers that have, in A.M. Best’s opinion, an excellent ability to meet their ongoing obligations to policyholders. This rating is intended to provide an independent opinion of an insurer’s ability to meet its obligation to policyholders and is not an evaluation directed at investors. See also ~~“Risk~~"Risk factors — Risks related to our business and industry — A downgrade in the A.M. Best financial strength ratings of our insurance company subsidiaries may negatively affect our business.”" in our registration statement filed with the SEC on Form S-1.

The financial strength ratings assigned by A.M. Best have an impact on the ability of the insurance companies to attract and retain agents and brokers and on the risk profiles of the submissions for insurance that the insurance companies receive. The ~~“A”~~"A" (Excellent) rating obtained by us is consistent with our business plan and allows us to actively pursue relationships with the agents and brokers identified in our marketing plan.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Other than the $11,707 increase in term loan borrowings under our ~~credit facility,~~Amended and Restated Credit Facility, there have been no material changes in the Company's contractual obligations as of ~~June~~September 30, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019. Further, the Company paid in full the Subordinated Notes on October 7, 2020.

Financial condition

~~Members'~~Shareholders' Equity

As of ~~June~~September 30, 2020, total ~~members'~~shareholders' equity was ~~$139,284,~~$401,753, compared to $141,615 as of December 31, 2019, ~~a decrease~~an increase of ~~$2,331.~~$260,138. The ~~decrease~~increase in ~~members'~~shareholders' equity over the period was driven primarily by the $99,204 in common shares issued for the acquisition of Compstar; the $93,139 in proceeds from common stock sold in the Company's IPO, net of offering costs; and $86,997 of comprehensive income. These increases were partially offset by distributions to members totaling $18,043 during the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020. ~~This was offset by net income of $13,326 earned during the period and unrealized gains on available-for-sale investments of $3,882 during the period.~~

We had ~~$157~~$1,828 of unrecognized stock compensation as of ~~June~~September 30, 2020 related to non-vested stock-based compensation granted. WeThe Company recognized $307 of stock-based compensation during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. In addition, we recognized approximately ~~$20~~$157 and ~~$40~~$197 of ~~stock based compensation~~ expense related to membership unit awards for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2020, respectively.

Investment Portfolio

Our invested asset portfolio consists of fixed maturities, equity securities, other investments and short-term investments. The majority of the investment portfolio was comprised of fixed maturity securities of ~~$375,705~~$375,286 at ~~June~~September 30, 2020, that were classified as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale investments are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses on these securities, net of applicable taxes, reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income.

Our investment portfolio objectives are to maintain liquidity, facilitating financial strength and stability and ensuring regulatory and legal compliance. Our investment portfolio consists of available-for-sale fixed maturities and other equity investments, all of which are carried at fair value. We seek to hold a high-quality portfolio of investments that is managed by a professional investment advisory management firm in accordance with the Company's investment policy and routinely reviewed by our management team. Our investments, however, are subject to general economic conditions and market risks as well as risks inherent to particular securities. The Company's investment portfolio has the following objectives:

•Meet insurance regulatory requirements with respect to investments under the applicable insurance laws;

•Maintain an appropriate level of liquidity to satisfy the cash requirements of current operations and long-term obligations;

•Adjust investment risk to offset or complement insurance risk based on our total corporate risk tolerance; and

•Realize the highest possible levels of investment income, while generating superior after-tax total rates of return.

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The composition of our investment portfolio is shown in the following table as of ~~June~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.


	September 30, 2020
(in thousands)	Cost or Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government and government securities	$	12,701	$	13,107
Foreign governments	300		304
States, territories and possessions	7,537		7,804
Political subdivisions of states, territories and possessions	29,514		30,869
Special revenue and special assessment obligations	72,495		76,494
Industrial and public utilities	109,330		116,138
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	16,342		18,107
Residential mortgage-backed securities	68,864		70,384
Other loan-backed securities	41,067		41,724
Hybrid securities	356		355
Total fixed maturities	358,506		375,286
Equity securities:
Preferred stock	243		240
Common stock	1,554		3,458
Total equity securities	1,797		3,698
Total investments	$	360,303	$	378,984


	December 31, 2019
(in thousands)	Cost or Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government and government securities	$	15,965	$	16,129
Foreign governments	299		302
States, territories and possessions	4,789		4,923
Political subdivisions of states, territories and possessions	24,444		25,104
Special revenue and special assessment obligations	59,149		61,405
Industrial and public utilities	119,735		123,207
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	15,586		16,312
Residential mortgage-backed securities	53,467		54,109
Other loan-backed securities	35,849		36,011
Hybrid securities	357		363
Total fixed maturities	329,640		337,865
Equity securities:
Preferred stock	337		343
Common stock	492		492
Total equity securities	829		835
Total investments	$	330,469	$	338,700

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June 30, 2020
(in thousands)
Cost or
Amortized Cost
Fair Value
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government and government securities $ 15,778
$ 16,248
Foreign governments 300
305
States, territories and possessions 7,299
7,544
Political subdivisions of states, territories and possessions 27,684
28,915
Special revenue and special assessment obligations 68,065
71,875
Industrial and public utilities 122,814
129,892
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 16,400
17,908
Residential mortgage-backed securities 57,787
59,412
Other loan-backed securities 42,871
43,250
Hybrid securities 357
356
Total fixed maturities 359,355
375,705
Equity securities:
Preferred stock 332
325
Common stock 1,554
3,428
Total equity securities 1,886
3,753
Total investments $ 361,241
$ 379,458

December 31, 2019
(in thousands)
Cost or
Amortized Cost
Fair Value
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government and government securities $ 15,965
$ 16,129
Foreign governments 299
302
States, territories and possessions 4,789
4,923
Political subdivisions of states, territories and possessions 24,444
25,104
Special revenue and special assessment obligations 59,149
61,405
Industrial and public utilities 119,735
123,207
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 15,586
16,312
Residential mortgage-backed securities 53,467
54,109
Other loan-backed securities 35,849
36,011
Hybrid securities 357
363
Total fixed maturities 329,640
337,865
Equity securities:
Preferred stock 337
343
Common stock 492
492
Total equity securities 829
835
Total investments $ 330,469
$ 338,700

The following table shows the percentage of the total estimated fair value of our fixed maturity securities as of ~~June~~September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 by credit rating category, using the lower of ratings assigned by Moody's Investor Service or S&P.


	September 30, 2020
(in thousands, except percentages)	Fair Value		% of Total
AAA	$	60,868	16.2	%
AA	190,209		50.7	%
A	93,598		24.9	%
BBB	28,771		7.7	%
BB	1,791		0.5	%
Below investment grade	49		—	%
Total fixed maturities	$	375,286	100.0	%

June 30, 2020
(in thousands, except percentages) Fair Value % of Total
"AAA" $ 62,876
16.7 %
"AA" 174,294
46.4 %
"A" 108,488
28.9 %
"BBB" 27,743
7.4 %
"BB" 2,255
0.6 %
Below investment grade 49
— %
Total fixed maturities $ 375,705
100.0 %


	December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except percentages)	Fair Value		% of Total
AAA	$	52,571	15.6	%
AA	153,838		45.5	%
A	101,040		29.9	%
BBB	30,245		9.0	%
BB	119		—	%
Below investment grade	52		—	%
Total fixed maturities	$	337,865	100.0	%

December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except percentages) Fair Value % of Total
"AAA" $ 52,571
15.6 %
"AA" 153,838
45.5 %
"A" 101,040
29.9 %
"BBB" 30,245
9.0 %
"BB" 119
— %
Below investment grade 52
— %
Total fixed maturities $ 337,865
100.0 %

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The unaudited interim condensed ~~combined~~consolidated financial statements included in this quarterly report include amounts based on the use of estimates and judgments of management.

We identified the accounting estimates which are critical to the understanding of our financial position and results of operations. Critical accounting estimates are defined as those estimates that are both important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and require us to exercise significant judgment. We use significant judgment concerning future results and developments in applying these critical accounting estimates and in preparing our condensed ~~combined~~consolidated financial statements. These judgments and estimates affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and the disclosure of our material contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ materially from the estimates and assumptions used in preparing the condensed ~~combined~~consolidated financial statements. We evaluate our estimates regularly using information that we believe to be relevant. The estimates and judgments that are most critical to the preparation of the condensed ~~combined~~consolidated financial statements include: (a) reserves for unpaid loss and LAE; (b) reinsurance recoveries; (c) investment fair value measurements; ~~and;~~ (d) goodwill and intangible ~~assets.~~assets; and (e) business combinations. Actual results may differ materially from the estimates and assumptions used in preparing the condensed ~~combined~~consolidated financial statements. For a detailed discussion of our accounting policies, see the ~~“Notes~~"Notes to the Combined Financial ~~Statements”~~Statements" included in our registration statement filed with the SEC on Form S-1.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements as of ~~June~~September 30, 2020.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk is the risk of economic losses due to adverse changes in the estimated fair value of a financial instrument as the result of changes in interest rates, equity prices, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices. The primary components of market risk affecting us are credit risk, and interest rate risk, which are described in detail in the "Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk" section of our registration statement filed with the SEC on Form S-1. We do not have exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk or commodity risk.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, management conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act)). Based on this evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the most recently completed fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

The effectiveness of any system of controls and procedures is subject to certain limitations, and, as a result, there can be no assurance that our controls and procedures will detect all errors or fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system will be attained.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time-to-time, the Company may be involved in legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. We believe that the outcome of such matters, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on our ~~combined~~consolidated financial position.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

~~A description of the risks and uncertainties associated with~~We have disclosed in our ~~business is set forth below. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all the other information contained in this~~ Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, ~~and in our prospectus relating to our registration statement on Form S-1, as amended (File No. 333-239291) (the Prospectus), including our combined financial statements and~~issued August 28, 2020 the ~~related notes. The risks~~most significant risk factors that can impact year-to-year comparisons and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing us. There may be additional risks and uncertainties of which we currently are unaware or that we currently believe to be immaterial. If any of these risks or uncertainties occurs, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected. In that event, the market price of our common stock could decline.

~~Risks related to our business and industry~~

~~Failure of our Program Partners or our Owned MGAs to properly market, underwrite or administer policies could adversely affect us.~~

The marketing, underwriting, claims administration and other administration of policies in connection with our issuing carrier services and for business written directly by our Owned MGAs are the responsibility of our Program Partners and our Owned MGAs. Any failure by them to properly handle these functions could result in liability to us. Even though our Program Partners may be required to compensate us for any such liability, there are risks that they do not pay us because they become insolvent or otherwise. Any such failures could create regulatory issues or harm our reputation, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

~~We depend on a limited number of Program Partners for a substantial portion of our gross written premiums.~~

We source a significant amount of our premiums from our Program Partners, which are generally MGAs and insurance companies. Historically, we have focused our business on a limited group of core Program Partners and have sought to grow the business by expanding existing Program Partner relationships and selectively adding new Program Partners.

~~For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, approximately 34% and 42% of our gross written premiums was derived from our top ten Program Partners.~~

A significant decrease in business from, or the entire loss of, our largest Program Partners or several of our other Program Partners may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

~~More than half of our gross written premiums are written in three key states.~~

For the year ended December 31, 2019, we derived approximately 49%, 9% and 8%, respectively, of our gross written premiums in the states of California, Michigan and Arizona. As a result, our financial results are subject to prevailing regulatory, legal, economic, demographic, competitive and other conditions in these states, in particular our gross written premiums in California. Adverse developments relating to any of these conditions could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

~~A downgrade in the A.M. Best financial strength ratings of our insurance company subsidiaries may negatively affect our business.~~

A.M. Best financial strength ratings (“FSRs”) are an important factor in establishing the competitive position of insurance companies. Our insurance company subsidiaries are rated for overall financial strength by A.M. Best. These FSRs reflect A.M. Best’s opinion of our insurance company subsidiaries’ financial strength, operating performance, strategic position and ability to meet obligations to policyholders, and are not evaluations directed to investors. Our insurance company subsidiaries’ FSRs are subject to periodic review, and the criteria used in the rating methodologies are subject to change. While our insurance company subsidiaries are rated “A” (Excellent), their FSRs are subject to change. A significant portion of our business is conducted through small- and mid-sized insurance carriers, program managers and other insurance organizations that do not have an A.M. Best financial strength rating or require a highly rated carrier, such as ourselves, to meet their business objectives. A significant downgrade in our insurance company subsidiaries’ FSRs could lead to our Program Partners doing business with other insurance companies and materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we are unable to accurately underwrite risks and charge competitive yet profitable rates to our clients and policyholders, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

In general, the premiums for our insurance policies are established at the time a policy is issued and, therefore, before all of our underlying costs are known. Like other insurance companies, we rely on estimates and assumptions in setting our premium rates. Establishing adequate premium rates is necessary, together with investment income, to generate sufficient revenue to offset losses and loss adjustment expenses (“LAE”) and other general and administrative expenses in order to earn a profit. If we do not accurately assess the risks that we assume, we may not charge adequate premiums to cover our losses and expenses, which would adversely affect our results of operations and our profitability. Alternatively, we could set our premiums too high, which could reduce our competitiveness and lead to lower policyholder retention, resulting in lower revenues. Pricing involves the acquisition and analysis of historical loss data and the projection of future trends, loss costs and expenses, and inflation trends, among other factors, for each of our products in multiple risk tiers and many different markets. To accurately price our policies, we must:

~~collect and properly analyze a substantial volume of data from our insureds;~~

~~develop, test and apply appropriate actuarial projections and ratings formulas;~~

~~closely monitor and timely recognize changes in trends; and~~

~~project both frequency and severity of our insureds’ losses with reasonable accuracy.~~

We seek to implement our pricing accurately in accordance with our assumptions. Our ability to undertake these efforts successfully and, as a result, accurately price our policies, is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including:

~~insufficient or unreliable data;~~

~~incorrect or incomplete analysis of available data;~~

~~uncertainties generally inherent in estimates and assumptions;~~

~~our failure to implement appropriate actuarial projections and ratings formulas or other pricing methodologies;~~

~~regulatory constraints on rate increases;~~

~~our failure to accurately estimate investment yields and the duration of our liability for losses and LAE; and~~

~~unanticipated court decisions, legislation or regulatory action.~~

We may be unable to access the capital markets when needed, which may adversely affect our ability to take advantage of business opportunities as they arise and to fund our operations in a cost-effective manner.

Our ability to grow our business, either organically or through acquisitions, depends, in part, on our ability to access capital when needed. Capital markets may become illiquid from time to time, and we cannot predict the extent and duration of future economic and market disruptions or the impact of any government interventions. We may not be able to obtain financing on terms acceptable to us, or at all. If we need capital but cannot raise it or cannot obtain financing on terms acceptable to us, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected and we may be unable to execute our long-term growth strategy.

Adverse economic factors, including recession, inflation, periods of high unemployment or lower economic activity could result in the sale of fewer policies than expected or an increase in frequency or severity of claims and premium defaults or both, which, in turn, could affect our growth and profitability.

Factors, such as business revenue, economic conditions, the volatility and strength of the capital markets and inflation can affect the business and economic environment. These same factors affect our ability to generate revenue and profits. In an economic downturn that is characterized by higher unemployment, declining spending and reduced corporate revenues, the demand for insurance products is generally adversely affected, which directly affects our premium levels and profitability. Prolonged and high unemployment that reduces the payrolls of our insureds would reduce the premiums that we are able to collect. Negative economic factors may also affect our ability to receive the appropriate rate for the risk we insure and may adversely affect our opportunities to underwrite profitable business.

~~Negative developments in the workers’ compensation insurance industry could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.~~

Although we engage in other businesses, 82.8% of our gross written premiums for the year ended December 31, 2019 were attributable to workers’ compensation insurance policies providing both primary and excess coverage. As a result, negative developments in the economic, competitive or regulatory conditions affecting the workers’ compensation insurance industry could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. If one of our larger markets were to enact legislation to increase the scope or amount of benefits for employees under workers’ compensation insurance policies without related premium increases or loss control measures, this could negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

~~The insurance industry is cyclical in nature.~~

The financial performance of the insurance industry has historically fluctuated with periods of lower premium rates and excess underwriting capacity resulting from increased competition followed by periods of higher premium rates and reduced underwriting capacity resulting from decreased competition. Although the financial performance of an individual insurance company depends on its own specific business characteristics, the profitability of many insurance companies tends to follow this cyclical market pattern. Because this market cyclicality is due in large part to the actions of our competitors and general economic factors, we cannot predict the timing or duration of changes in the market cycle. We expect these cyclical patterns will cause our revenues and net income to fluctuate, which may cause the market price of our common stock to be more volatile.

~~Our failure to accurately and timely pay claims could harm our business.~~

We must accurately and timely evaluate and pay claims to manage costs and close claims expeditiously. Many factors affect our ability to evaluate and pay claims accurately and timely, including the training and experience of our claims staff, our claims department’s culture and the effectiveness of our management, our ability to develop or select and implement appropriate procedures and systems to support our claims functions and other factors. Our failure to accurately and timely pay claims could lead to regulatory and administrative actions or material litigation, undermine our reputation in the marketplace and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we do not hire and train new claims staff effectively or if we lose a significant number of experienced claims staff, our claims department may be required to handle an increasing workload, which could adversely affect the quality of our claims administration, and our business could be materially and adversely affected.

~~The effects of emerging claim and coverage issues on our business are uncertain.~~

As industry practices and economic, legal, judicial, social and other environmental conditions change, unexpected and unintended issues related to claims and coverage may emerge. These issues may adversely affect our business by either extending coverage beyond our underwriting intent or by increasing the number or size of claims. Examples of emerging claims and coverage issues include, but are not limited to:

~~judicial expansion of policy coverage and the impact of new theories of liability;~~

~~plaintiffs targeting property and casualty (P&C) insurers in purported class action litigation relating to claims-handling and other practices;~~

~~medical developments that link health issues to particular causes, resulting in liability claims; and~~

~~claims relating to unanticipated consequences of current or new technologies, including cyber-security related risks and claims relating to potentially changing climate conditions.~~

In some instances, these emerging issues may not become apparent for some time after we have issued the affected insurance policies. As a result, the full extent of liability under our insurance policies may not be known until many years after the policies are issued.

In addition, the potential passage of new legislation designed to expand the right to sue, to remove limitations on recovery, to extend the statutes of limitations or otherwise to repeal or weaken tort reforms could have an adverse impact on our business.

~~The effects of these and other unforeseen emerging claim and coverage issues are difficult to predict and could harm our business and materially adversely affect our results of operations.~~

~~Our risk management policies and procedures may prove to be ineffective and leave us exposed to unidentified or unanticipated risk.~~

We have developed and continue to develop enterprise-wide risk management policies and procedures to mitigate risk and loss to which we are exposed. There are inherent limitations to risk management strategies because there may exist, or develop in the future, risks that we have not anticipated or identified. If our risk management policies and procedures are ineffective, we may suffer unexpected losses and could be materially adversely affected. As our business changes and the niches in which we operate evolve, our risk management framework may not evolve at the same pace as those changes. As a result, there is a risk that new products or new business strategies may present risks that are not identified, monitored or managed. In times of market stress, unanticipated market movements or unanticipated claims experience, the effectiveness of our risk management strategies may be limited, resulting in losses to us. In addition, we may be unable to effectively review and monitor all risks and our employees may not follow our risk management policies and procedures.

The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (the NAIC) and state legislatures and regulators have increased their focus on risks within an insurer’s holding company system that may pose enterprise risk to insurers. Our insurance company subsidiaries are subject to regulation in Kansas, the state of domicile of Benchmark, California, where Benchmark is commercially domiciled, and Utah, the state of domicile of ALIC. The Kansas Insurance Department, the California Department of Insurance and the Utah Insurance Department, the primary regulators of our insurance company subsidiaries, have adopted regulations implementing a requirement under the Kansas, California and Utah insurance laws, respectively, for insurance holding companies to adopt a formal enterprise risk management (ERM) function and to file an annual enterprise risk report. The regulations also require domestic insurers to conduct an Own Risk and Solvency Assessment (ORSA) and to submit an ORSA summary report prepared in accordance with the NAIC’s ORSA Guidance Manual. While we operate within an ERM framework designed to assess and monitor our risks, we may not be able to effectively review and monitor all risks, our employees may not all operate within the ERM framework and our ERM framework may not result in our accurately identifying all risks and limiting our exposures based on our assessments.

~~We are subject to reinsurance counterparty credit risk. Our reinsurers may not pay on losses in a timely fashion, or at all.~~

We purchase reinsurance to transfer part of the risk we have assumed (known as ceding) to a reinsurance company in exchange for part of the premium we receive in connection with the risk. Although reinsurance makes the reinsurer liable to us to the extent the risk is transferred or ceded to the reinsurer, it does not relieve us (the reinsured) of our liability to policyholders. Accordingly, we are exposed to credit risk with respect to our reinsurers to the extent the reinsurance receivable is not sufficiently secured by collateral or does not benefit from other credit enhancements. We also bear the risk that a reinsurer may be unwilling to pay amounts we have recorded as reinsurance recoverable for any reason, including that:

~~the terms of the reinsurance contract do not reflect the intent of the parties of the contract or there is a disagreement between the parties as to their intent;~~

~~the terms of the contract cannot be legally enforced;~~

~~the terms of the contract are interpreted by a court or arbitration panel differently than intended;~~

~~the reinsurance transaction performs differently than we anticipated due to a flawed design of the reinsurance structure, terms or conditions; or~~

~~a change in laws and regulations, or in the interpretation of the laws and regulations, materially affects a reinsurance transaction.~~

The insolvency of one or more of our reinsurers, or inability or unwillingness to make timely payments under the terms of our contracts, could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we are unable to obtain reinsurance coverage at reasonable prices or on terms that adequately protect us, we may be required to bear increased risks or reduce the level of our underwriting commitments.

Our insurance company subsidiaries purchase reinsurance as part of our overall risk management strategy. While reinsurance does not discharge our insurance company subsidiaries from their obligation to pay claims for losses insured under their insurance policies, it does make the reinsurer liable to them for the reinsured portion of the risk. As part of our strategy for our issuing carrier business, we reinsure underwriting risk to third-party reinsurers. At the inception of a new program, we typically act as an issuing carrier where we reinsure a substantial amount of such risk to third parties. For these reasons, reinsurance is an important tool to manage transaction and insurance risk retention and to mitigate losses. We may be unable to maintain our current reinsurance arrangements or to obtain other reinsurance in adequate amounts and at favorable rates, particularly if reinsurers become unwilling or unable to support our specialized issuing carrier model in the future. Additionally, market conditions beyond our control may impact the availability and cost of reinsurance and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In recent years, our Program Partners have benefitted from favorable market conditions, including growth in the role of MGAs and of offshore and other alternative sources of reinsurance. A decline in the availability of reinsurance, increases in the cost of reinsurance or a decreased level of activity by MGAs could limit the amount of issuing carrier business we could write and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. We may, at certain times, be forced to incur additional costs for reinsurance or may be unable to obtain sufficient reinsurance on terms acceptable to us. In the latter case, we would have to accept an increase in exposure to risk, reduce the amount of business written by our insurance company subsidiaries or seek alternatives in line with our risk limits, all of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

~~Some of our issuing carrier arrangements contain limits on the reinsurer’s obligations to us.~~

While we reinsure underwriting risk in our issuing carrier business, including a substantial amount of such risk at the inception of a new program, we have in certain cases entered into programs that contain limits on our reinsurers’ obligations to us, including loss ratio caps or aggregate reinsurance limits. To the extent losses under these programs exceed the prescribed limits, we will be liable to pay the losses in excess of such limits, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

~~Retention of business written by our Program Partners could expose us to potential losses.~~

We retain risk for our own account on business underwritten by our insurance company subsidiaries. The determination to reduce the amount of reinsurance we purchase, or not to purchase reinsurance for a particular risk, customer segment or niche is based on a variety of factors, including market conditions, pricing, availability of reinsurance, our capital levels and loss experience. Retention increases our financial exposure to losses and significant losses could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.

~~Our loss reserves may be inadequate to cover our actual losses.~~

Significant periods of time often elapse between the occurrence of an insured loss, the reporting of the loss to us and our payment of that loss. To recognize liabilities for unpaid losses, we establish reserves as balance sheet liabilities representing estimates of amounts needed to pay reported and unreported losses and the related LAE. Loss reserves are estimates of the ultimate cost of claims and do not represent a precise calculation of any ultimate liability. These estimates are based on historical information and on estimates of future trends that may affect the frequency and severity of claims that may be reported in the future. Estimating loss reserves is a difficult, complex and inherently uncertain process involving many variables and subjective judgments. As partfuture performance of the ~~reserving process,~~Company's business. On a quarterly basis, we review ~~historical data~~these disclosures and ~~consider~~update the ~~impact of various~~risk factors, ~~such as:~~

~~loss emergence and cedant reporting patterns;~~

~~underlying policy terms and conditions;~~

~~business and exposure mix;~~

~~trends in claim frequency and severity;~~

~~changes in operations;~~

~~emerging economic and social trends;~~

~~inflation; and~~

~~changes in the regulatory and litigation environments.~~

This process assumes that past experience, adjusted for the effects of current developments and anticipated trends, is an appropriate basis for predicting future events. It also assumes that adequate historical or other data exists upon which to make these judgments. For more information on the estimates used in the establishment of loss reserves, see “Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations - Critical accounting estimates - Reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses” in the Prospectus. There, however, is no precise method for evaluating the impact of any specific factor on the adequacy of reserves and actual results are likely to differ from original estimates, perhaps materially. If the actual amount of insured losses is greater than the amount we have reserved for these losses, our profitability could suffer.

~~We may not be able to manage our growth effectively.~~

We intend to grow our business in the future, which could require additional capital, systems development and skilled personnel. We, however, must be able to meet our capital needs, expand our systems and our internal controls effectively, allocate our human resources optimally, identify and hire qualified employees or effectively incorporate any acquisitions we make in our effort to achieve growth. The failure to manage our growth effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our ability to grow our business will depend in part on the addition of new Program Partners, and our inability to effectively onboard such new Program Partners could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our ability to grow our business will depend in part on the addition of new Program Partners. If we do not effectively onboard our new Program Partners, including assisting such Program Partners to quickly resolve any post-onboarding issues and provide effective ongoing support, our ability to add new Program Partners and our relationships with our existing Program Partners could be adversely affected. Additionally, our reputation with potential new customers could be damaged. If we fail to meet the requirements of our customers, it may be more difficult to execute on our strategy to retain Program Partners, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

~~We could be adversely affected by the loss of one or more key executives or by an inability to attract and retain qualified personnel.~~

We depend on our ability to attract and retain experienced personnel and seasoned key executives who are knowledgeable about our business. The pool of talent from which we actively recruit is may fluctuate based on market dynamics specific to our industry and independent of overall economic conditions.as appropriate. As such, higher demand for employees having the desired skills and expertise could lead to increased compensation expectations for existing and prospective personnel, making it difficult for us to retain and recruit key personnel and maintain labor costs at desired levels. We do not have employment agreements with our executive officers. Should any of our executives terminate their employment with us, or if we are unable to retain and attract talented personnel, we may be unable to maintain our current competitive position in the specialized markets in which we operate, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

~~Technology breaches or failures of our or our business partners’ systems could adversely affect our business.~~

Global cybersecurity threats can range from uncoordinated individual attempts to gain unauthorized access to our information technology systems and those of our business partners or service providers to sophisticated and targeted measures known as advanced persistent threats. While we and our business partners and service providers employ measures designed to prevent, detect, address and mitigate these threats (including access controls, data encryption, vulnerability assessments, continuous monitoring of information technology networks and systems and maintenance of backup and protective systems), cybersecurity incidents, depending on their nature and scope, could potentially result in the misappropriation, destruction, corruption or unavailability of critical data (personal or otherwise) and confidential or proprietary information (our own or that of third parties) and the disruption of business operations. In 2020, we discovered that we were subject to a cybersecurity incident that involved a third party obtaining unauthorized access to an employee’s electronic mailbox that was compromised in August 2019 through a phishing email. In conjunction with our cyber insurance carrier, we engaged outside counsel and a consulting firm specializing in digital forensics. While we do not believe the incident will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial performance and reputation, our investigation is ongoing and the ultimate effect of the ~~incident is uncertain. Our evaluation, together with outside counsel,~~date of ~~whether data breach notifications may be required or appropriate in connection with~~ this incident is ongoing, but we may decide to make such notifications in the future. In addition, cyber incidents that impact the availability, reliability, speed, accuracy or other proper functioning of our technology systems (or the data held by such systems) could affect our operations. We may not have the resources or technical sophistication to anticipate or prevent every type of cyber-attack. A significant cybersecurity incident, including system failure, security breach, disruption by malware or other damage could interrupt or delay our operations, result in a violation of applicable privacy and other laws, expose us to litigation and potential liability, damage our reputation, cause a loss of customers or give rise to monetary fines and other penalties, any or all of which could be material. It is possible that insurance coverage we have in place would not entirely protect us in the event that we experienced a cybersecurity incident, interruption or widespread failure of our information technology systems.

~~Any significant interruption in the operation of our computer systems could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.~~

We rely on multiple computer systems to interact with customers, issue policies, pay claims, run modeling functions, assess insurance risks and complete various important internal processes including accounting and bookkeeping. Our business depends on our ability to access these systems to perform necessary business functions. Additionally, some of these systems may include or rely upon third-party systems not located on our premises. Any of these systems may be exposed to unplanned interruption, unreliability or intrusion from a variety of causes, including among others, storms and other natural disasters, terrorist attacks, utility outages, security breaches or complications encountered as existing systems are replaced or upgraded.

Any such issues could materially affect us including the impairment of information availability, compromise of system integrity or accuracy, misappropriation of confidential information, reduction of our volume of transactions and interruption of our general business. Although we believe our computer systems are securely protected and continue to take steps to ensure they are protected against such risks, such problems may occur. If they do, interruption to our business and damage to our reputation, and related costs, could be significant, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

~~Performance of our investment portfolio is subject to a variety of investment risks.~~

Our results of operations depend, in part, on the performance of our investment portfolio. We seek to hold a high-quality portfolio of investments that is managed by a professional investment advisory management firm in accordance with our investment policy and routinely reviewed by our management team. Our investments, however, are subject to general economic conditions and market risks as well as risks inherent to particular securities.

Our primary market risk exposures are to changes in interest rates. See “Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations — Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk.” In recent years, interest ratesreport, there have been at or near historic lows. A protracted low interest rate environment would continue to place pressure on our net investment income, which, in turn, may adversely affect our profitability. Future increases in interest rates could cause the values of our fixed income securities portfolios to decline, with the magnitude of the decline depending on the duration of securities included in our portfolio and the amount by which interest rates increase. Some fixed income securities have call or prepayment options, which create possible reinvestment risk in declining rate environments. Other fixed income securities, such as mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, carry prepayment risk or, in a rising interest rate environment, may not prepay as quickly as expected.

~~The value of our investment portfolio is subject~~no material changes to the risk that certain investments may default or become impaired due to deterioration in the financial condition of one or more issuers of the securities we hold, or due to deterioration in the financial condition of an insurer that guarantees an issuer’s payments on such investments. Downgrades in the credit ratings of fixed maturities also have a significant negative effect on the market valuation of such securities.

~~Such~~ factors could reduce our net investment income and result in realized investment losses. Our investment portfolio is subject to increased valuation uncertainties when investment markets are illiquid. The valuation of investments is more subjective when markets are illiquid, thereby increasing the risk that the estimated fair value (i.e., the carrying amount) of the securities we holdcontained in our ~~portfolio does not reflect prices at which actual transactions would occur.~~Quarterly Report.

Risks for all types of securities are managed through the application of our investment policy, which establishes investment parameters that include maximum percentages of investment in certain types of securities and minimum levels of credit quality, which we believe are within applicable guidelines established by the NAIC, the Kansas Insurance Department, the California Department of Insurance and the Utah Insurance Department. Our investment objectives may not be achieved, and results may vary substantially over time. In addition, although we seek to employ investment strategies that are not correlated with our insurance and reinsurance exposures, losses in our investment portfolio may occur at the same time as underwriting losses.

~~Any shift in our investment strategy could increase the riskiness of our investment portfolio and the volatility of our results, which, in turn, may adversely affect our profitability.~~

Our investment strategy has historically been focused on fixed income securities which are subject to less volatility but also lower returns as compared to certain other asset classes. In the future, our investment strategy may include a greater focus on investments in equity securities, which are subject, among other things, to changes in value that may be attributable to market perception of a particular issuer or to general stock market fluctuations that affect all issuers. Investments in equity securities may be more volatile than investments in other asset classes such as fixed income securities. Common stocks generally subject their holders to more risks than preferred stocks and debt securities because common stockholders’ claims are subordinated to those of holders of preferred stocks and debt securities upon the bankruptcy of the issuer. An increase in the riskiness of our investment portfolio could lead to volatility of our results, which, in turn, may adversely affect our profitability.

~~We could be forced to sell investments to meet our liquidity requirements.~~

We invest the premiums we receive from our insureds until they are needed to pay policyholder claims. Consequently, we seek to manage the duration of our investment portfolio based on the duration of our losses and loss adjustment expenses reserves to ensure sufficient liquidity and avoid having to liquidate investments to fund claims. Risks such as inadequate losses and loss adjustment expenses reserves or unfavorable trends in litigation could potentially result in the need to sell investments to fund these liabilities. We may not be able to sell our investments at favorable prices or at all. Sales could result in significant realized losses depending on the conditions of the general market, interest rates and credit issues with individual securities.

~~We may face increased competition in our programs market.~~

While we believe there are relatively few competitors in the small- and mid-sized programs market that have the broad in-house expertise and wide array of services that we offer to our Program Partners, we may face increased competition if other companies decide to compete with us in our programs market or competitors begin to offer policy administration or other services. Any increase in competition in this market, especially by one or more companies that have greater resources than we have, could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

~~We compete with a large number of companies in the insurance industry for underwriting premium.~~

We compete with a large number of other companies in the insurance industry for underwriting premium. During periods of intense competition for premium, we are exposed to the actions of other companies that may seek to write policies without the appropriate regard for risk and profitability. During these times, it is very difficult to grow or maintain premium volume without sacrificing underwriting discipline and income.

We face competition from a wide range of specialty insurance companies, underwriting agencies and intermediaries, as well as diversified financial services companies that are significantly larger than we are and that have significantly greater financial, marketing, management and other resources. Some of these competitors also have greater market recognition than we do. We may incur increased costs in competing for underwriting revenues. If we are unable to compete effectively in the markets in which we operate or expand our operations into new markets, our underwriting revenues may decline, as well as overall business results.

~~Our results of operations, liquidity, financial condition and FSRs are subject to the effects of natural and man-made catastrophic events.~~

Events such as hurricanes, windstorms, flooding, earthquakes, wildfires, solar storms, acts of terrorism, explosions and fires, cyber-crimes, public health crises, illness, epidemics or pandemic health events, product defects, mass torts and other catastrophes may adversely affect our business in the future. Such catastrophic events, and any relevant regulations, could expose us to:

~~widespread claim costs associated with P&C and workers’ compensation claims;~~

~~losses resulting from a decline in the value of our invested assets;~~

~~losses resulting from actual policy experience that is adverse compared to the assumptions made in product pricing;~~

declines in value and/or losses with respect to companies and other entities whose securities we hold and counterparties with whom we transact business to whom we have credit exposure, including reinsurers, and declines in the value of investments; and

~~significant interruptions to our systems and operations.~~

Natural and man-made catastrophic events are generally unpredictable. While we have structured our business and selected our niches in part to avoid catastrophic losses, our exposure to such losses depends on various factors, including the frequency and severity of the catastrophes, the rate of inflation and the value and geographic or other concentrations of insured companies and individuals. Vendor models and proprietary assumptions and processes that we use to manage catastrophe exposure may prove to be ineffective due to incorrect assumptions or estimates.

In addition, legislative and regulatory initiatives and court decisions following major catastrophes could require us to pay the insured beyond the provisions of the original insurance policy and may prohibit the application of a deductible, resulting in inflated catastrophe claims.

~~These and other disruptions could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.~~

Disruptions related to COVID-19, including economic impacts of the COVID-19-related governmental actions, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus, COVID-19, was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China. Since then, COVID-19 has spread to multiple countries, including the U.S., and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. The global outbreak of COVID-19 continues to rapidly evolve and has resulted in quarantines, reductions in business activity, widespread unemployment and overall economic and financial market instability. In addition, the ongoing continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic and the economic impacts of COVID-19-related governmental actions may also eventually have an impact on our premium revenue, our loss experience and loss expense, liquidity, or our regulatory capital and surplus, and operations.

It is still too early to determine the ultimate effect that the economic shutdown, resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, will have on our future revenues or expected claims and losses. Legislative and regulatory initiatives taken, or which may be taken in response to COVID-19, may adversely affect our operations, particularly with respect to our workers’ compensation businesses. Adverse effects could include:

~~Legislative or regulatory action seeking to retroactively mandate coverage for losses, which our policies would not otherwise cover or have been priced to cover;~~

~~Regulatory actions relaxing reporting requirements for claims, which may affect coverage under our claims made and reported policies;~~

~~Legislative actions prohibiting us from canceling policies in accordance with our policy terms or non-renewing policies at their expiration date;~~

~~Legislative orders to provide premium refunds, extend premium payment grace periods and allow time extensions for past due premium payments;~~

~~We may have increased workers’ compensation loss expense and claims frequency if policyholder employees in high risk roles with essential businesses contract COVID-19 in the workplace;~~

While we have seen through the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 fewer claims reported despite insuring more employees and have not seen a significant impact on the average value of incurred losses due to the COVID-19 pandemic, high unemployment and low interest rates could adversely affect our profitability and declining payrolls could adversely affect our workers' compensation written premiums;

~~Travel restrictions and quarantines leading to a lack of in-person meetings, which would hinder our ability to establish relationships or originate new business;~~

~~Alternative working arrangements, including employees working remotely, which could negatively impact our business should such arrangements remain for an extended period of time;~~

We may experience elevated frequency and severity in our workers’ compensation lines as a result of legislative or regulatory action to effectively expand workers’ compensation coverage for certain types of workers; and

~~We may experience delayed reporting of losses, settlement negotiations and disputed claims resolution above our normal claims resolution trends.~~

~~The occurrence of any of these events or experiences, individually or collectively, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.~~

Global climate change may in the future increase the frequency and severity of weather events and resulting losses, particularly to the extent our policies are concentrated in geographic areas where such events occur, may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Scientific evidence indicates that man-made production of greenhouse gas has had, and will continue to have, an adverse effect on the global climate. There is a growing consensus today that climate change increases the frequency and severity of extreme weather events and, in recent years, the frequency of extreme weather events appears to have increased. We cannot predict whether or to what extent damage that may be caused by natural events, such as wild fires, severe tropical storms and hurricanes, will affect our ability to write new insurance policies and reinsurance contracts, but, to the extent our policies are concentrated in the specific geographic areas in which these events occur, the increased frequency and severity of such events and the total amount of our loss exposure in the impacted areas of such events may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, although we have historically had limited exposure to catastrophic risk, claims from catastrophe events could reduce our earnings and cause substantial volatility in our business, financial condition and results of operations for any period. However, assessing the risk of loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change and the range of approaches to address loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change, including impacts related to extreme weather events and slow onset events, remains a challenge and might adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

~~Because our business depends on insurance brokers, we are exposed to certain risks arising out of our reliance on these distribution channels that could adversely affect our results.~~

Certain premiums from policyholders, where the business is produced by brokers, are collected directly by the brokers and forwarded to our insurance subsidiary. In certain jurisdictions, when the insured pays its policy premium to its broker for payment on behalf of our insurance subsidiary, the premium may be considered to have been paid under applicable insurance laws and regulations. Accordingly, the insured would no longer be liable to us for those amounts, whether or not we have actually received the premium from that broker. Consequently, we assume a degree of credit risk associated with the brokers with whom we work. Where necessary, we review the financial condition of potential new brokers before we agree to transact business with them. Although the failure by any of our brokers to remit premiums to us has not been material to date, there may be instances where our brokers collect premiums but do not remit them to us and we may be required under applicable law to provide the coverage set forth in the policy despite the absence of related premiums being paid to us.

Because the possibility of these events occurring depends in large part on the financial condition and internal operations of our brokers, we monitor broker behavior and review financial information on an as-needed basis. If we are unable to collect premiums from our brokers in the future, our underwriting profits may decline and our financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

~~Our operating results have in the past varied from quarter to quarter and may not be indicative of our long-term prospects.~~

Our operating results are subject to fluctuation and have historically varied from quarter to quarter. We expect our quarterly results to continue to fluctuate in the future due to a number of factors, including the general economic conditions in the markets where we operate, the frequency of occurrence or severity of catastrophic or other insured events, fluctuating interest rates, claims exceeding our loss reserves, competition in our industry, deviations from expected renewal rates of our existing policies and contracts, adverse investment performance and the cost of reinsurance coverage.

In particular, we seek to underwrite products and make investments to achieve favorable returns on tangible stockholders’ equity over the long term. In addition, our opportunistic nature and focus on long-term growth in tangible equity may result in fluctuations in gross written premiums from period to period as we concentrate on underwriting contracts that we believe will generate better long-term, rather than short-term, results. Accordingly, our short-term results of operations may not be indicative of our long-term prospects.

~~Changes in accounting practices and future pronouncements may materially affect our reported financial results.~~

Developments in accounting practices may require us to incur considerable additional expenses to comply, particularly if we are required to prepare information relating to prior periods for comparative purposes or to apply the new requirements retroactively. The impact of changes in current accounting practices and future pronouncements cannot be predicted but may affect the calculation of net income, stockholders’ equity and other relevant financial statement line items.

Our insurance subsidiaries are required to comply with statutory accounting principles (SAP). SAP and various components of SAP are subject to constant review by the NAIC and its task forces and committees, as well as state insurance departments, in an effort to address emerging issues and otherwise improve financial reporting. Various proposals are pending before committees and task forces of the NAIC, some of which, if enacted, could have negative effects on insurance industry participants. The NAIC continuously examines existing laws and regulations. We cannot predict whether or in what form such reforms will be enacted and, if so, whether the enacted reforms will positively or negatively affect us.

~~Legal and regulatory risks~~

~~We are subject to extensive regulation.~~

Most insurance regulations are designed to protect the interests of policyholders rather than stockholders and other investors. These regulations, generally administered by a department of insurance in each state and territory in which we do business, relate to, among other things:

~~approval of policy forms and premium rates;~~

~~standards of solvency, including risk-based capital measurements;~~

~~licensing of insurers;~~

~~challenging our use of fronting arrangements in states in which our Program Partner is not licensed;~~

~~imposing minimum capital and surplus requirements for insurance company subsidiaries;~~

~~restrictions on agreements with our large revenue-producing agents;~~

~~cancellation and non-renewal of policies;~~

~~restrictions on the nature, quality and concentration of investments;~~

~~restrictions on the ability of our insurance company subsidiaries to pay dividends to us;~~

~~restrictions on transactions between our insurance company subsidiaries and their affiliates;~~

~~restrictions on the size of risks insurable under a single policy;~~

~~requiring deposits for the benefit of policyholders;~~

~~requiring certain methods of accounting;~~

~~periodic examinations of our operations and finances;~~

~~prescribing the form and content of records of financial condition required to be filed; and~~

~~requiring reserves for unearned premium, losses and other purposes.~~

State insurance departments also conduct periodic examinations of the conduct and affairs of insurance companies and require the filing of annual, quarterly and other reports relating to financial condition, holding company issues, ERM and ORSA and other matters. These regulatory requirements could adversely affect or inhibit our ability to achieve some or all of our business objectives, including profitable operations in our various customer segments.

In addition, regulatory authorities have relatively broad discretion to deny or revoke licenses for various reasons, including the violation of regulations. In some instances, we follow practices based on our interpretations of regulations or practices that we believe may be generally followed by the industry. These practices may turn out to be different from the interpretations of regulatory authorities. If we do not have the requisite licenses and approvals or do not comply with applicable regulatory requirements, insurance regulatory authorities could fine us, preclude or temporarily suspend us from carrying on some or all of our activities in certain jurisdictions or otherwise penalize us. This could adversely affect our

ability to operate our business. Further, changes in the laws and regulations applicable to the insurance industry or interpretations by regulatory authorities could adversely affect our ability to operate our business as currently conducted and in accordance with our business objectives.

In addition to regulations specific to the insurance industry, including the insurance laws of our principal state regulators (the Kansas Insurance Department, the California Department of Insurance and the Utah Insurance Department), as a public company we will also be subject to the rules and regulations of the SEC and the securities exchange on which our common stock is listed, each of which regulate many areas such as financial and business disclosures, corporate governance and stockholder matters. Among other laws, we are subject to laws relating to federal trade restrictions, privacy/data security and terrorism risk insurance laws.

We monitor these laws, regulations and rules on an ongoing basis to ensure compliance and make appropriate changes as necessary. Implementing such changes may require adjustments to our business methods, increases to our costs and other changes that could cause us to be less competitive in our industry. For further information on the regulation of our business, see the “Regulation”section of our registration statement filed with the SEC on Form S-1.

~~Regulators may challenge our use of fronting arrangements in states in which our Program Partners are not licensed.~~

We enter into fronting, or issuing carrier, arrangements with our Program Partners that require a broadly licensed, highly rated admitted carrier to conduct their business in states in which such Program Partner is not licensed or is not authorized to write particular lines of insurance. We typically act as the reinsurance broker to the program as well as the issuing carrier, which enables us to charge fees for the placement of reinsurance in addition to the fronting fees. We also receive ceding commissions from third-party reinsurers to which we transfer all or a portion of the underwriting risk. Some state insurance regulators may object to our issuing carrier arrangements. In certain states, including Florida and Kentucky, the insurance commissioner has the authority to prohibit an authorized insurer from acting as an issuing carrier for an unauthorized insurer. In addition, insurance departments in states in which there is no statutory or regulatory prohibition against an authorized insurer acting as an issuing carrier for an unauthorized insurer could deem the assuming insurer to be transacting insurance business without a license and the issuing carrier to be aiding and abetting the unauthorized sale of insurance.

If regulators in any of the states where we conduct our issuing carrier business were to prohibit or limit the arrangement, we would be prevented or limited from conducting that business for which a capacity provider is not authorized in those states, unless and until the capacity provider is able to obtain the necessary licenses. This could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. See “- More than half of our gross written premiums are written in three key states.”

~~Regulation may become more extensive in the future.~~

Legislators and regulators may periodically consider various proposals that may affect our business practices and product designs, how we sell or service certain products we offer or the profitability of our business. We continually monitor such proposals and assess how they may apply to us or our competitors or how they could impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and ability to compete effectively.

~~Increasing regulatory focus on privacy issues and expanding laws could affect our business model and expose us to increased liability.~~

~~The regulatory environment surrounding information security and privacy is increasingly demanding.~~

We are subject to numerous U.S. federal and state laws and non-U.S. regulations governing the protection of personal and confidential information of our customers or employees. On October 24, 2017, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) adopted an Insurance Data Security Model Law, which requires licensed insurance entities to comply with detailed information security requirements. The NAIC model law has been adopted by certain states and is under consideration by others. It is not yet known whether or not, and to what extent, states legislatures or insurance regulators where we operate will enact the Insurance Data Security Model Law in whole or in part, or in a modified form. Such enactments, especially if inconsistent between states or with existing laws and regulations could raise compliance costs or increase the risk of noncompliance, with the attendant risk of being subject to regulatory enforcement actions and penalties, as well as reputational harm. Any such events could potentially have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

As a holding company, we rely on dividends and payments from our subsidiaries to operate our business. Our ability to receive dividends and permitted payments from our insurance company subsidiaries is subject to regulatory constraints.

We are a holding company and, as such, have no direct operations of our own. We do not expect to have any significant assets other than our ownership of equity interests in our operating subsidiaries. We accordingly depend on the payment of funds from our subsidiaries in the form of dividends, distributions or otherwise to meet our obligations and to pay our expenses. The ability of our subsidiaries to make any payments to us depends on their earnings, the terms of their indebtedness, including the terms of any credit facilities and legal restrictions.

In addition, dividends payable from our insurance company subsidiaries without the prior approval of the applicable insurance commissioner are limited to the greater of 10% of Benchmark’s surplus as shown on the last statutory financial statement on file with the Kansas Insurance Department and the California Department of Insurance, respectively, or 100% of net income during the applicable twelve-month period (not including realized capital gains); and in Utah, the lesser of 10% of ALIC’s surplus as shown on the last statutory financial statement on file with the Utah Insurance Department, 100% of net income during the applicable twelve-month period (not including realized capital gains). As of December 31, 2019, the maximum amount of unrestricted dividends that our insurance company subsidiaries could pay to us without approval was $11.6 million. Our insurance company subsidiaries may be unable to pay dividends in the future, and the limitations of such dividends could adversely affect our business, liquidity or financial condition.

~~The effects of litigation on our business are uncertain and could have an adverse effect on our business.~~

As is typical in our industry, we continually face risks associated with litigation of various types, including general commercial and corporate litigation, and disputes relating to bad faith allegations which could result in us incurring losses in excess of policy limits. We are party to certain litigation matters throughout the year, mostly with respect to claims. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and if there were an outcome unfavorable to us, there exists the possibility of a material adverse impact on our results of operations and financial position in the period in which the outcome occurs. Even if an unfavorable outcome does not materialize, we still may face substantial expense and disruption associated with the litigation.

~~We may have exposure to losses from acts of terrorism as we are required by law to provide certain coverage for such losses.~~

U.S. insurers are required by state and federal law to offer coverage for acts of terrorism in certain commercial lines, including workers’ compensation. The Terrorism Risk Insurance Act, as extended by the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2015 (TRIPRA) requires commercial P&C insurance companies to offer coverage for acts of terrorism, whether foreign or domestic, and established a federal assistance program through the end of 2020 to help cover claims related to future terrorism-related losses. The likelihood and impact of any terrorist act is unpredictable, and the ultimate impact on us would depend upon the nature, extent, location and timing of such an act. Although we reinsure a portion of the terrorism risk we retain under TRIPRA, our terrorism reinsurance does not provide full coverage for an act stemming from nuclear, biological or chemical terrorism. To the extent an act of terrorism, whether a domestic or foreign act, is certified by the Secretary of Treasury, we may be covered under TRIPRA of our losses for certain P&C lines of insurance. However, any such coverage would be subject to a mandatory deductible based on 20% of earned premium for the prior year for the covered lines of commercial P&C insurance. Based on our 2018 earned premiums, our aggregate deductible under TRIPRA during 2019 is approximately $59 million. The federal government will then reimburse us for losses in excess of our deductible, which will be 81% of losses in 2019, and 80% in 2020, up to a total industry program limit of $100 billion.

~~Assessments and premium surcharges for state guaranty funds, secondary-injury funds, residual market programs and other mandatory pooling arrangements may reduce our profitability.~~

Most states require insurance companies licensed to do business in their state to participate in guaranty funds, which require the insurance companies to bear a portion of the unfunded obligations of impaired, insolvent or failed insurance companies. These obligations are funded by assessments, which are expected to continue in the future. State guaranty associations levy assessments, up to prescribed limits, on all member insurance companies in the state based on their proportionate share of premiums written in the lines of business in which the impaired, insolvent or failed insurance companies are engaged. Accordingly, the assessments levied on us may increase as we increase our written premiums. Some states also have laws that establish secondary-injury funds to reimburse insurers and employers for claims paid to injured employees for aggravation of prior conditions or injuries. These funds are supported by either assessments or premium surcharges based on incurred losses.

In addition, as a condition to conducting business in some states, insurance companies are required to participate in residual market programs to provide insurance to those who cannot procure coverage from an insurance carrier on a negotiated basis. Insurance companies generally can fulfill their residual market obligations by, among other things, participating in a reinsurance pool where the results of all policies provided through the pool are shared by the participating insurance companies. Although we price our insurance to account for our potential obligations under these pooling arrangements, we may not be able to accurately estimate our liability for these obligations. Accordingly, mandatory pooling arrangements may cause a decrease in our profits. Further, the impairment, insolvency or failure of other insurance companies in these pooling arrangements would likely increase the liability for other members in the pool. The effect of assessments and premium surcharges or increases in such assessments or surcharges could reduce our profitability in any given period or limit our ability to grow our business.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

~~None.~~The following table sets forth information concerning purchases of our common stock for the three months ended September 30, 2020:


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (2)	Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
July 1, 2020 - July 31, 2020	5,315	$	15.51	—	—
August 1, 2020 - August 31, 2020	—	—		—	—
September 1, 2020 - September 30, 2020	—	—		—	—
	5,315			—

(1) The shares of common stock in this column represent shares surrendered to us by stock plan participants in order to satisfy minimum tax withholding obligations related to the vesting of restricted stock.

(2) We had no publicly announced plans or open market repurchase programs for shares of our common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Prior to July 15, 2020, the Company held a 45% ownership interest in Compstar. On July 15, 2020, the Company issued 6,613,606 shares of the Company’s common stock with a market price of $15 per share as consideration to acquire the remaining 55% ownership interest in Compstar from the owners thereof. The securities were issued under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, in reliance on certain representations from the Compstar owners.

Use of Proceeds

On July 20, 2020, we closed the sale of 10,714,286 shares of our common stock in our IPO, comprised of 7,142,857 shares issued and sold by us and 3,571,429 shares sold by selling ~~stockholders.~~shareholders. On July 22, 2020, we closed the sale of an additional 1,207,142 shares by certain selling ~~stockholders~~shareholders in the IPO pursuant to the exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares to cover over-allotments. The IPO terminated upon completion of the sale of the above-referenced shares.

The ~~initial public offering~~IPO price per share was $15.00. The aggregate ~~initial public offering~~IPO price for all shares sold by us in the IPO was approximately $107.1 million and the aggregate ~~initial public offering~~I price for all shares sold by the selling ~~stockholders~~shareholders in the IPO was approximately $71.7 million. The offer and sale was pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-239291), which was declared effective by the SEC on July 15, 2020. J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Evercore Group, L.L.C. and William Blair & Company, L.L.C. acted as joint book-running managers of the IPO, and JMP Securities LLC acted as co-manager.

We received net proceeds from the sale of shares by us in the IPO of approximately $94.9 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $7.5 million and estimated offering expenses of $4.7 million. We did not receive

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any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling ~~stockholders.~~shareholders. We used or are in the process of using the net proceeds from the sale of shares by us in the IPO to (i) redeem all $5.1 million aggregate liquidation preference of the Series B Nonconvertible Preferred Stock of our subsidiary Benchmark Holding Company, (ii) pay $7.7 million to redeem all outstanding Subordinated Notes, (iii) use $19.3 million to repay in full all outstanding term loan borrowings under the credit agreement with Oak Street Funding LLC, (iv) pay an aggregate one-time payment of approximately $7.6 million to Altaris Capital Partners, LLC in connection with the termination of our consulting and advisory agreements with Altaris Capital Partners, LLC and (v) pay an aggregate $3.1 million to certain pre-IPO unitholders and other employees in connection with the reorganization transactions and pursuant to the operating agreements for Trean ~~Holdings LLC~~ and ~~BIC Holdings LLC.~~BIC. The remaining net proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes, including to support the growth of our business. ~~There has been no material change in the anticipated use of proceeds from the IPO as described in our final prospectus filed with the SEC on July 17, 2020 pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4).~~

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

~~None.~~Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

~~None.~~Not applicable.

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Item 6. Exhibits



Exhibit Number		Description
3.1		Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Trean Insurance Group, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 28, 2020 and incorporated by reference herein)
3.2		Amended and Restated By-Laws of Trean Insurance Group, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 28, 2020 and incorporated by reference herein)
~~10.1~~31.1		~~Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of July 20, 2020, among Trean Insurance Group, Inc. and the parties named therein~~
~~10.2~~	~~Reorganization Agreement, dated as of July 16, 2020, among Trean Insurance Group, Inc. and the parties named therein~~
~~10.3~~	~~Contribution Agreement, dated as of July 16, 2020, among Trean Insurance Group, Inc., BIC Holdings LLC and Trean Holdings LLC~~
~~10.4~~	~~Contribution Agreement, dated as of July 16, 2020, between Trean Insurance Group, Inc. and Trean Compstar Holdings LLC~~
~~10.5~~	~~Director Nomination Agreement, dated as of July 16, 2020, among Trean Insurance Group, Inc., AHP-BHC LLC, AHP-TH LLC, ACP-BHC LLC and ACP-TH LLC~~
~~10.6~~	~~Trean Insurance Group, Inc. 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan~~
~~10.7~~	~~Termination Agreement, dated as of July 16, 2020, among Altaris Capital Partners, LLC, BIC Holdings LLC, Trean Holdings LLC and Trean Insurance Group, Inc.~~
~~31.1~~	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2		Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
~~32.1~~32.1**		Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
~~32.2~~32.2**		Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS **		XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* This certification is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference to any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act.
** The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


				TREAN INSURANCE GROUP, INC.


Date:			November 13, 2020	~~TREAN INSURANCE GROUP, INC.~~
By:

~~Date:~~	~~August 28, 2020~~	~~By:~~	/s/ Andrew M. O'Brien
					Andrew M. O'Brien
					President and Chief Executive Officer
					(Principal Executive Officer)

Date:			~~August 28,~~November 13, 2020	By:	/s/ Julie A. Baron
					Julie A. Baron
					Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary
					(Principal Financial Officer)


	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Assets	(unaudited)
Fixed maturities, at fair value (amortized cost of $358,506 and $329,640, respectively)	$	375,286	$	337,865
Preferred stock, at fair value (amortized cost of $243 and $337, respectively)	240		343
Common stock, at fair value (cost $1,554 and $492, respectively)	3,458		492
Equity method investments	232		12,173
Total investments	379,216		350,873
Cash and cash equivalents	165,255		74,268
Restricted cash	21,175		1,800
Accrued investment income	2,418		2,468
Premiums and other receivables	99,635		62,460
Income taxes refundable	797		0
Related party receivables	33		22,221
Reinsurance recoverable	350,425		307,338
Prepaid reinsurance premiums	103,929		80,088
Deferred policy acquisition cost, net	3,777		2,115
Property and equipment, net	8,439		7,937
Right of use asset	6,558		—
Deferred tax asset	0		1,367
Goodwill	139,575		2,822
Intangible assets, net	73,436		154
Other assets	9,721		3,123
Total assets	$	1,364,389	$	919,034
Liabilities
Unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses	$	465,502	$	406,716
Unearned premiums	143,390		103,789
Funds held under reinsurance agreements	160,614		163,445
Reinsurance premiums payable	59,756		53,620
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	73,865		14,995
Lease liability	7,054		—
Income taxes payable	0		714
Deferred tax liability	12,597		0
Debt	39,858		29,040
Total liabilities	962,636		772,319
Commitments and contingencies
Redeemable preferred stock (0 and 1,000,000 authorized, respectively; 0 and 51 outstanding, respectively)	—		5,100
Shareholders' equity
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share (600,000,000 and 0 authorized, respectively; 51,148,782 and 0 issued and outstanding, respectively)	511		—
Members' equity	—		78,438
Additional paid-in capital	287,234		17,995
Retained earnings	104,853		40,361
Accumulated other comprehensive income	9,155		4,821
Total shareholders' equity	401,753		141,615
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	1,364,389	$	919,034



Disaggregation of cash and restricted cash:	As of June 30, 2020		As of June 30, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	97,326	$	50,648
Restricted cash	7,746		7,641
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	105,072	$	58,289


Fair value of total consideration transferred	$	1,400
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash and cash equivalents	302
Premiums and other receivables	55
Property and equipment	63
Goodwill	517
Intangible assets, net	482
Other assets	12
Accounts payable	(17)
Income taxes payable	(14)
Net assets acquired	$	1,400


Fair value of total consideration transferred	$	5,314
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash	973
Investments	4,252
Accrued investment income	40
Premiums and other receivables	1,571
Deferred tax asset	242
Other assets	10
Unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses	(6,426)
Unearned premiums	(1,003)
Funds held under reinsurance agreements	7,980
Reinsurance premiums payable	(1,037)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(316)
Income taxes payable	(338)
Net assets acquired	5,948
Gain on bargain purchase	$	634


	September 30, 2020
(in thousands)	Cost or Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government and government securities	$	12,701	$	406	$	0	$	13,107
Foreign governments	300		4		0		304
States, territories and possessions	7,537		267		0		7,804
Political subdivisions of states, territories and possessions	29,514		1,356		(1)		30,869
Special revenue and special assessment obligations	72,495		4,041		(42)		76,494
Industrial and public utilities	109,330		6,972		(164)		116,138
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	16,342		1,790		(25)		18,107
Residential mortgage-backed securities	68,864		1,630		(110)		70,384
Other loan-backed securities	41,067		811		(154)		41,724
Hybrid securities	356		1		(2)		355
Total fixed maturities available for sale	$	358,506	$	17,278	$	(498)	$	375,286


(in thousands)	Cost or Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Available for sale:
Due in one year or less	$	19,595	$	19,818
Due after one year but before five years	104,832		110,134
Due after five years but before ten years	59,166		64,122
Due after ten years	48,640		50,997
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	16,342		18,107
Residential mortgage-backed securities	68,864		70,384
Other loan-backed securities	41,067		41,724
Total	$	358,506	$	375,286



(dollars in thousands)	June 30, 2020
Right of use asset	$	5,958
Lease liability	$	6,186
Weighted average remaining lease term	3.64 years
Weighted average discount rate	6.49		%


(in thousands)	Operating Leases			(in thousands)	Operating Leases
2020	$	1,005		2020	$	595
2021	1,949			2021	2,324
2022	1,899			2022	2,266
2023	1,313			2023	1,686
2024	699			2024	922
Thereafter	82			Thereafter	78
Total lease payments	6,947			Total lease payments	7,871
Less: imputed interest	(761		)	Less: imputed interest	(817)
Total lease liabilities	$	6,186		Total lease liabilities	$	7,054



	Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
	Total Dividend		Dividend per Share		Weighted Average Shares
Dividends on preferred shares - Series A	$	13	$	1,352.82	10.00
Dividends on preferred shares - Series B	74		1,240.46		60.00
Total preferred share dividends	$	87



	Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
	Total Dividend		Dividend per Share		Weighted Average Shares
Dividends on preferred shares - Series A	$	22	$	2,231.51	10.00
Dividends on preferred shares - Series B	74		1,240.46		60.00
Total preferred share dividends	$	96


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change		Percentage Change
(in thousands, except for percentages)	2020		2019
Revenues
Gross written premiums	$	132,284	$	107,534	$	24,750	23.0	%
Increase in gross unearned premiums	(22,963)		(5,612)		(17,351)		309.2	%
Gross earned premiums	109,321		101,922		7,399		7.3	%
Ceded earned premiums	(81,465)		(79,761)		(1,704)		2.1	%
Net earned premiums	27,856		22,161		5,695		25.7	%
Net investment income	1,857		1,721		136		7.9	%
Gain on revaluation of Compstar investment	69,846		—		69,846		100.0	%
Net realized capital gains (losses)	115		(34)		149		(438.2)	%
Other revenue	5,401		2,561		2,840		110.9	%
Total revenue	105,075		26,409		78,666		297.9	%
Expenses
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	15,564		13,976		1,588		11.4	%
General and administrative expenses	6,995		5,756		1,239		21.5	%
IPO bonuses and contract buyout fee	11,054		—		11,054		100.0	%
Intangible asset amortization	1,120		11		1,109		10,081.8	%
Noncash share-based compensation	307		—		307		100.0	%
Interest expense	520		498		22		4.4	%
Total expenses	35,560		20,241		15,319		75.7	%
Other income (expense)	209		(8)		217		(2,712.5)	%
Income before taxes	69,724		6,160		63,564		1,031.9	%
Income tax expense	788		1,395		(607)		(43.5)	%
Equity earnings in affiliates, net of tax	401		1,021		(620)		(60.7)	%
Net income	$	69,337	$	5,786	$	63,551	1,098.4	%