UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 FORM 10-Q
 ☒    QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 20232024
 OR
 ☐    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO      
 COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 001-39294

 ASSERTIO HOLDINGS, INC.
(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)
Delaware85-0598378
(STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION OF
INCORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION)		(I.R.S. EMPLOYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER)
 100 South Saunders Road, Suite 300
Lake Forest, Illinois 60045
(ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES; ZIP CODE)
 (224) 419-7106
(REGISTRANT’S TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class:    Trading Symbol(s):Name of each exchange on which registered:
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value ASRTThe Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 
Large accelerated filer☐Accelerated filer☒
 Non-accelerated filer☐Smaller reporting company☒☐
Emerging growth company☐
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ☐ No ☒
 
The number of issued and outstanding shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.0001 par value, as of May 5, 20231, 2024, was 55,664,293.95,124,605.


ASSERTIO HOLDINGS, INC.
FORM 10-Q FOR THE PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 20232024
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION 
Item 1. 
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 20232024 and December 31, 20222023
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 20232024 and 20222023
Item 2. 
Item 3. 
Item 4. 
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION 
Item 1. 
Item 1A. 
Item 2.
Item 3.6. 
2


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ASSERTIO HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
(Unaudited)
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
ASSETSASSETS
Current assets:Current assets:
Current assets:
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$68,603 $64,941 
Accounts receivable, netAccounts receivable, net46,466 45,357 
Inventories, netInventories, net16,226 13,696 
Prepaid and other current assetsPrepaid and other current assets6,554 8,268 
Total current assetsTotal current assets137,849 132,262 
Property and equipment, netProperty and equipment, net544 744 
Intangible assets, netIntangible assets, net191,712 197,996 
Deferred tax asset81,569 80,202 
Other long-term assets
Other long-term assets
Other long-term assetsOther long-term assets2,600 2,709 
Total assetsTotal assets$414,274 $413,913 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITYLIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:Current liabilities:
Current liabilities:
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable
Accounts payable
Accounts payableAccounts payable$6,173 $5,991 
Accrued rebates, returns and discountsAccrued rebates, returns and discounts52,313 49,426 
Accrued liabilitiesAccrued liabilities10,799 12,181 
Long-term debt, current portion470 470 
Contingent consideration, current portion
Contingent consideration, current portion
Contingent consideration, current portionContingent consideration, current portion24,458 26,300 
Other current liabilitiesOther current liabilities332 948 
Total current liabilitiesTotal current liabilities94,545 95,316 
Long-term debtLong-term debt38,151 66,403 
Contingent consideration26,600 22,200 
Other long-term liabilities
Other long-term liabilities
Other long-term liabilitiesOther long-term liabilities4,314 4,269 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities163,610 188,188 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)
Shareholders’ equity:Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized; 55,661,866
and 48,319,838 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
5 5 
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized; 95,115,452
and 94,668,523 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized; 95,115,452
and 94,668,523 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized; 95,115,452
and 94,668,523 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Additional paid-in capitalAdditional paid-in capital573,744 545,321 
Accumulated deficitAccumulated deficit(323,085)(319,601)
Total shareholders’ equityTotal shareholders’ equity250,664 225,725 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equityTotal liabilities and shareholders' equity$414,274 $413,913 
        
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

ASSERTIO HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOMELOSS
(in thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Three Months Ended March 31,
Three Months Ended March 31,
Three Months Ended March 31,
2024
2024
2024
Revenues:
Revenues:
Revenues:Revenues:
Product sales, netProduct sales, net$41,769 $35,546 
Product sales, net
Product sales, net
Royalties and milestones
Royalties and milestones
Royalties and milestonesRoyalties and milestones697 992 
Total revenuesTotal revenues42,466 36,538 
Total revenues
Total revenues
Costs and expenses:
Costs and expenses:
Costs and expenses:Costs and expenses:
Cost of salesCost of sales5,467 4,195 
Cost of sales
Cost of sales
Research and development expenses
Research and development expenses
Research and development expenses
Selling, general and administrative expensesSelling, general and administrative expenses16,904 10,638 
Fair value of contingent consideration9,167 1,645 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Change in fair value of contingent consideration
Change in fair value of contingent consideration
Change in fair value of contingent consideration
Amortization of intangible assets
Amortization of intangible assets
Amortization of intangible assetsAmortization of intangible assets6,284 8,501 
Restructuring charges
Restructuring charges
Restructuring charges
Total costs and expensesTotal costs and expenses37,822 24,979 
Income from operations4,644 11,559 
Total costs and expenses
Total costs and expenses
(Loss) income from operations
(Loss) income from operations
(Loss) income from operations
Other (expense) income:
Other (expense) income:
Other (expense) income:Other (expense) income:
Debt-related expensesDebt-related expenses(9,918)— 
Debt-related expenses
Debt-related expenses
Interest expense
Interest expense
Interest expenseInterest expense(1,122)(2,327)
Other gainOther gain802 545 
Other gain
Other gain
Total other expenseTotal other expense(10,238)(1,782)
Net (loss) income before income taxes(5,594)9,777 
Income tax benefit (expense)2,110 (713)
Net (loss) income and comprehensive (loss) income$(3,484)$9,064 
Total other expense
Total other expense
Net loss before income taxes
Net loss before income taxes
Net loss before income taxes
Income tax (expense) benefit
Income tax (expense) benefit
Income tax (expense) benefit
Net loss and comprehensive loss
Net loss and comprehensive loss
Net loss and comprehensive loss
Basic net (loss) income per share$(0.07)$0.20 
Diluted net (loss) income per share$(0.07)$0.20 
Shares used in computing basic net (loss) income per share51,005 45,204 
Shares used in computing diluted net (loss) income per share51,005 46,127 
Basic and diluted net loss per share
Basic and diluted net loss per share
Basic and diluted net loss per share
Shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share
Shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share
Shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

ASSERTIO HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands)
(Unaudited)
Common StockAdditional
Paid-In
Capital		Accumulated
Deficit		Shareholders’
Equity
SharesAmount
Balances at December 31, 202248,320 $5 $545,321 $(319,601)$225,725 
Induced exchange of convertible notes (See Note 9)
6,990 — 26,699 — 26,699 
Issuance of common stock in conjunction with vesting of restricted stock units, net of employee's withholding liability352 — (722)— (722)
Stock-based compensation— — 2,446 — 2,446 
Net loss and comprehensive loss— — — (3,484)(3,484)
Balances at March 31, 202355,662 $5 $573,744 $(323,085)$250,664 

Common StockAdditional
Paid-In
Capital		Accumulated
Deficit		Shareholders’
Equity
SharesAmount
Balances at December 31, 202394,669 $9 $789,537 $(651,543)$138,003 
Common stock issuance and other impacts of the vesting and settlement of equity awards446 — (206)— (206)
Stock-based compensation— — 1,207 — 1,207 
Net loss and comprehensive loss— — — (4,510)(4,510)
Balances at March 31, 202495,115 $9 $790,538 $(656,053)$134,494 

Common StockAdditional
Paid-In
Capital		Accumulated
Deficit		Shareholders’
Equity
SharesAmount
Balances at December 31, 202144,640 $4 $531,636 $(429,226)$102,414 
Issuance of common stock in conjunction with vesting of restricted stock units, net of employee's withholding liability307 — (598)— (598)
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrant388 — — — — 
Stock-based compensation— — 982 — 982 
Net income and comprehensive income— — — 9,064 9,064 
Balances at March 31, 202245,335$4 $532,020 $(420,162)$111,862 

Common StockAdditional
Paid-In
Capital		Accumulated
Deficit		Shareholders’
Equity
SharesAmount
Balances at December 31, 202248,320 $5 $545,321 $(319,601)$225,725 
Induced exchange of convertible notes (See Note 16)
6,990 — 26,699 — 26,699 
Common stock issuance and other impacts of the vesting and settlement of equity awards352 — (722)— (722)
Stock-based compensation— — 2,446 — 2,446 
Net loss and comprehensive loss— — — (3,484)(3,484)
Balances at March 31, 202355,662 $5 $573,744 $(323,085)$250,664 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
5


ASSERTIO HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(Unaudited)
 Three Months Ended
March 31,
 20232022
Operating Activities  
Net (loss) income$(3,484)$9,064 
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash from operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization6,484 8,699 
Amortization of debt issuance costs and Royalty Rights147 28 
Recurring fair value measurements of assets and liabilities9,167 1,645 
Debt-related expenses9,918 — 
Provisions for inventory and other assets1,072 31 
Stock-based compensation2,446 982 
Deferred income taxes(1,367)— 
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisition:
Accounts receivable(1,109)(4,561)
Inventories(3,602)(2,022)
Prepaid and other assets1,824 9,845 
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities(290)(1,511)
Accrued rebates, returns and discounts2,887 2,926 
Interest payable(1,376)2,300 
Net cash provided by operating activities22,717 27,426 
Investing Activities
Purchase of Sympazan(105)— 
Purchase of Otrexup— (404)
Net cash used in investing activities(105)(404)
Financing Activities
Payment in settlement of convertible debt inducement(10,500)— 
Payment of direct transaction costs related to convertible debt inducement(1,119)— 
Payment of contingent consideration(6,609)(1,845)
Payment of taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards(722)(598)
Net cash used in financing activities(18,950)(2,443)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents3,662 24,579 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year64,941 36,810 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$68,603 $61,389 
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
Net cash paid (refunded) for income taxes$29 $(8,360)
Cash paid for interest$2,351 $— 
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 20242023
Operating Activities  
Net loss$(4,510)$(3,484)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash from operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization5,696 6,484 
Amortization of debt issuance costs and Royalty Rights107 147 
Recurring fair value measurements of assets and liabilities— 9,167 
Debt-related expenses— 9,918 
Provisions for inventory and other assets1,428 1,072 
Stock-based compensation1,207 2,446 
Deferred income taxes— (1,367)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable5,054 (1,109)
Inventories(2,344)(3,602)
Prepaid and other assets1,921 1,824 
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities(134)(290)
Accrued rebates, returns and discounts(267)2,887 
Interest payable(650)(1,376)
Net cash provided by operating activities7,508 22,717 
Investing Activities
Purchase of Sympazan— (105)
Net cash used in investing activities— (105)
Financing Activities
Payments in connection with 2027 Convertible Notes— (10,500)
Payment of direct transaction costs related to convertible debt inducement— (1,119)
Payment of contingent consideration— (6,609)
Payments related to the vesting and settlement of equity awards, net(206)(722)
Net cash used in financing activities(206)(18,950)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents7,302 3,662 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year73,441 64,941 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$80,743 $68,603 
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
Net cash paid for income taxes$11 $29 
Cash paid for interest$1,300 $2,351 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
6

ASSERTIO HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited) 
NOTE 1.  ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Organization
In May 2020, Assertio Therapeutics, Inc. implemented a holding company reorganization through which Assertio Therapeutics, Inc. became a subsidiary of Assertio Holdings, Inc. (the “Assertio Reorganization”) and, subsequently, Assertio Holdings, Inc. merged with Zyla Life Sciences (“Zyla”) in a transaction we refer to as the “Zyla Merger.” Unless otherwise noted or required by context, use of “Assertio,” “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Assertio Holdings, Inc. and/or its applicable subsidiary or subsidiaries.

Assertio Holdings, Inc., or the Company, is a specialty pharmaceutical company with comprehensive commercial capabilities offering differentiated products to patients utilizingpatients. The Company has built its product portfolio through the acquisition or licensing of approved products. The Company’s commercial capabilities include marketing through both a sales force and a non-personal promotional model. promotion model, market access through payor contracting, and trade and distribution. The Company’s primary marketed products include ROLVEDONTM (elflapegrastim-xnst) injection for subcutaneous use, INDOCIN® (indomethacin) Suppositories, INDOCIN® (indomethacin) Oral Suspension, OtrexupSympazan® (clobazam) oral film, Otrexup® (methotrexate) injection for subcutaneous use, Sympazan® (clobazam) oral film, SPRIX® (ketorolac tromethamine) Nasal Spray, CAMBIA® (diclofenac potassium for oral solution), and Zipsor® (diclofenac potassium) Liquid filled capsules. To date, substantially all of the Company’s revenues are related to product sales in the U.S.

Other commercially available products include OXAYDO® (oxycodone HCI, USP) tablets for oralUnless otherwise noted or required by context, use only —CII.of “Assertio,” “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Assertio Holdings and/or its applicable subsidiary or subsidiaries.

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Assertio Holdings, Inc.the Company and its subsidiaries and the related footnote information of the Company have been prepared pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim reporting. As permitted under those rules and regulations, certain footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by United States (“U.S.”) generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal and recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the information for the periods presented. The results for the three months ended March 31, 20232024, are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the entire year ending December 31, 20232024 or future operating periods.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related financial information should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the related notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 20222023, included in Assertio Holdings, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 8, 202311, 2024 (the “2022“2023 Form 10-K”). The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 20222023, has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, as filed in the Company’s 20222023 Form 10-K.
NOTE 2. ACQUISITIONS
Spectrum Pharmaceuticals

On July 31, 2023, (the “Effective Date”), the Company completed the acquisition of Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Spectrum”), a commercial stage biopharmaceutical company focused on novel and targeted oncology products (the “Spectrum Merger”). The Spectrum Merger was completed pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), dated as of April 24, 2023, through a merger of a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company with and into Spectrum, with Spectrum surviving the Merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. The Company accounted for the Spectrum Merger using the acquisition method of accounting under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805 and is considered the accounting acquirer.

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, each issued and outstanding share of Spectrum common stock as of the Effective Date was converted into the right to receive (i) 0.1783 shares of the Company’s common stock and (ii) one contingent value right (“CVR”) representing a contractual right to receive future conditional payments worth up to an aggregate maximum amount of $0.20, settleable in cash, additional shares of Assertio common stock or a combination of cash and additional shares of Assertio common stock at the Company’s sole discretion, upon the achievement of certain sales milestones related to Spectrum’s product ROLVEDON. Subject to adjustments, each CVR represents the right to receive up to $0.10 payable upon ROLVEDON net sales (less certain deductions) achieving $175 million during the calendar year ending December 31, 2024, and up to $0.10 payable upon ROLVEDON net sales (less certain deductions) achieving $225 million during the calendar year
7

ending December 31, 2025. In addition, upon consummation of the Spectrum Merger, Spectrum’s outstanding employee stock awards and other warrants that were outstanding immediately as of the Effective Date automatically vested (if unvested) and/or cancelled, as applicable, which generally resulted in the issuance of shares of the Company’s common stock and/or CVRs to the holders of such stock awards or other warrants, in each case as dictated by the terms of the Merger Agreement. These shares and CVRs issued are considered part of the consideration transferred, and no compensation expense was recognized because the settlement was a condition of the Merger Agreement and other existing individual agreements, no future performance is required by the holders, and the fair value of the shares and CVRs is equivalent to the fair value of the existing employee stock awards and other warrants.

The following table reflects the components of the consideration transferred in the Spectrum Merger (in thousands, except exchange ratio and per share data):

Assertio shares issued38,013 
Assertio closing price per share as of the Effective Date$5.69 
Fair value of Assertio shares issued$216,294 
Repayment of Spectrum's long-term debt (1)
32,647 
CVRs (2)
3,932 
Total fair value of consideration transferred$252,873 

(1)Represents settlement of Spectrum’s existing long-term debt in connection with the close of the transaction. The Company concluded it did not assume the debt, therefore the amount paid to settle the debt has been accounted for and disclosed as part of the consideration transferred.
(2)Represents the Effective Date fair value of 223,397 CVRs at $0.0176 per CVR issued to holders of Spectrum common stock, employee stock awards and warrants.

The CVRs represent a contingent consideration obligation measured at fair value and classified as liabilities on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of the CVR contingent consideration is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model under the income approach and is based on Level 3 inputs. Refer to Note 18, Fair Value, for additional information. Fair value is based on the probability of achievement of 2024 and 2025 annual ROLVEDON net sales milestones. Significant assumptions include the discount rate and the probability assigned to the achievement of the net sales milestones. Achievement of both the 2024 and 2025 annual ROLVEDON net sales milestones would obligate the Company to transfer a maximum of approximately $44.7 million of additional consideration. No additional consideration would be paid by the Company if neither the 2024 nor 2025 annual ROLVEDON net sales milestones are achieved.

8

The following table reflects the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the Effective Date (in thousands). The fair values were based on management’s estimates and assumptions. There were no changes for the three months ended March 31, 2024, to the estimated preliminary fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The final determination was completed as of March 31, 2024.

Initial Preliminary Purchase Price Allocation to Fair Value
Adjustments to Purchase Price Allocation to Fair Value (2)
Final Purchase Price Allocation to Fair Value
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$34,600 $— $34,600 
Marketable securities2,194 — 2,194 
Accounts receivable50,975 — 50,975 
Inventories22,244 61 22,305 
Prepaid and other current assets1,287 698 1,985 
Property and equipment100 — 100 
Intangible assets234,000 (13,500)220,500 
Other long-term assets1,396 — 1,396 
Total$346,796 $(12,741)$334,055 
Liabilities:
Accounts payable$10,108 $— $10,108 
Accrued rebates, returns and discounts21,025 — 21,025 
Accrued liabilities36,509 (2,343)34,166 
Other current liabilities784 — 784 
Deferred taxes34,250 (30,254)3,996 
Other long-term liabilities11,103 — 11,103 
Total$113,779 $(32,597)$81,182 
Total Spectrum net assets acquired (1)
$233,017 $19,856 $252,873 
Goodwill$19,856 $(19,856)$— 

(1)Application of the acquisition method required the Company to adjust Spectrum assets and liabilities as of the Effective Date, including certain liabilities for variable consideration associated with ROLVEDON, to reflect conformity of Spectrum’s accounting policies to those of Assertio. Liabilities assumed include certain bonuses owed to former Spectrum executives under the terms of existing employment agreements triggered by the consummation of the Spectrum Merger.
(2)Adjustments made to the preliminary purchase price allocation to fair value primarily reflect completion of studies and other analysis necessary to determine the income tax effects of the net identifiable assets acquired and further refinement of the assumptions used in the valuation supporting the ROLVEDON product rights. These adjustments did not materially impact the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive (Loss) Income.

The income approach was primarily used to value the acquired intangible assets, representing rights to Spectrum’s product ROLVEDON. Significant assumptions include the amount and timing of projected future cash flows; the discount rate selected to measure the inherent risk of future cash flows; and the assessment of the product’s life cycle and the competitive trends impacting the product. The ROLVEDON product rights will be amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life of 10 years.

There were no acquisition costs related to the Spectrum Merger recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

9

The following unaudited pro forma information represents the Company’s results of operations as if the Spectrum Merger had been completed as of January 1, 2023, (in thousands) and includes nonrecurring adjustments for additional costs of sales from the fair value step-up of inventories and transaction costs. The disclosure of pro forma net sales and net loss does not purport to indicate the results that would actually have been obtained had the Spectrum Merger been completed on the assumed date for the periods presented, or which may be realized in the future. The unaudited pro forma information does not reflect any operating efficiencies or cost savings that may be realized from the integration of the acquisition.

Three Months Ended
March 31, 2023
Total revenues$58,081 
Net loss(13,944)

NOTE 2.3. REVENUE
 
Disaggregated Revenue
 
The following table reflects summarytotal revenue, net for the three months ended March 31, 20232024 and 20222023 (in thousands): 
Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Three Months Ended March 31,
Three Months Ended March 31,
Three Months Ended March 31,
2024
2024
2024
Product sales, net:Product sales, net:
Product sales, net:
Product sales, net:
ROLVEDON
ROLVEDON
ROLVEDON
INDOCIN productsINDOCIN products$30,346 $21,357 
INDOCIN products
INDOCIN products
Sympazan
Sympazan
Sympazan
OtrexupOtrexup2,822 3,078 
Sympazan2,502 — 
Otrexup
Otrexup
SPRIX
SPRIX
SPRIXSPRIX1,889 1,766 
CAMBIACAMBIA2,264 5,473 
Zipsor1,1502,228
CAMBIA
CAMBIA
Other products
Other products
Other productsOther products796 1,644 
Total product sales, netTotal product sales, net41,769 35,546 
Total product sales, net
Total product sales, net
Royalties and milestone revenue
Royalties and milestone revenue
Royalties and milestone revenueRoyalties and milestone revenue697 992 
Total revenuesTotal revenues$42,466 $36,538 
Total revenues
Total revenues
Product Sales, net:net

ForAs a result of the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, product sales primarily consisted of sales from INDOCIN products, Otrexup, SPRIX and CAMBIA. TheSpectrum Merger, the Company acquired Sympazan and began shipping and recognizing its productROLVEDON sales in October 2022.August 2023.

Other net product sales for the three months ended March 31, 2023 primarily include product sales for non-promoted products (OXAYDO).OXAYDO and Zipsor. The Company ceased SOLUMATRIXOXAYDO product sales beginning in July 2022.September 2023.
Royalties and Milestone Revenue

In November 2010, the Company entered into a license agreement granting the counterpartyMiravo the rights to commercially market CAMBIA in Canada. The counterparty to the license agreementMiravo independently contracts with manufacturers to produce a specific CAMBIA formulation in Canada. The Company receivesrecognized royalties on net sales on a quarterly basis as well as certain one-time contingent milestone payments upon the occurrence of certain events. The Company recognized revenue related to the CAMBIA in Canadalicensing agreement of $0.5$0.6 million for each of and $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, and 2022.respectively.

The Company records contract liabilities in the form of deferred revenue resulting from prepayments from customers in Other current liabilities in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, contract liabilities were zero and $0.2 million, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $0.2 million and $0.5 million, respectively, as Milestoneno milestone revenue associated with the completion of certain service milestones.milestones for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
NOTE 3.4. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLES, NET
 
As of March 31, 20232024 and December 31, 2022,2023, accounts receivable, net, of $46.5 million and $45.4 million, respectively, consisted entirely of receivables related to product sales, net of allowances for cash discounts for prompt payment of $1.0of $0.4 million and $0.9$0.9 million, respectively.
810

NOTE 4.5.  INVENTORIES, NET
 
The following table reflects the components of inventory, net as of March 31, 20232024 and December 31, 20222023 (in thousands): 
March 31,
2023		December 31, 2022 March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Raw materialsRaw materials$921 $1,367 
Work-in-processWork-in-process1,677 2,735 
Finished goodsFinished goods13,628 9,594 
Total Inventories, net$16,226 $13,696 
Total inventories, net
The Company writes down the value of inventory for potentiallypotential excess or obsolete inventories based on an analysis of inventory on hand and projected demand. As of March 31, 20232024 and December 31, 2022,2023, inventory reserves were $7.3 million and $6.8 million, respectively.

NOTE 6. PREPAID AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

The following table reflects prepaid and other current as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands): 

March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Prepaid assets and deposits$10,222 $11,973 
Other current assets297 299 
Total prepaid and other current assets$10,519 $12,272 

In August 2018, the Company recorded inventory write-downsentered into a Convertible Secured Note Purchase Agreement (the “Note Agreement”) with NES Therapeutic, Inc. (“NES”), pursuant to which it purchased a Convertible Secured Promissory Note (the “NES Note”). The Company’s investment in the NES Note, which is included in other current assets, is accounted for as a loan receivable and is valued at amortized cost. As of $2.4both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company has assessed an estimated $3.5 million expected credit loss reserve on its investment based on its evaluation of probability of default that exists. The expected credit loss reserve recognized in each period represents the entire aggregate principal amount and $2.8 million, respectively.outstanding interest incurred on the NES Note as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.


NOTE 5.7. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
 
The following table reflects property and equipment, net as of March 31, 20232024 and December 31, 20222023 (in thousands): 

March 31,
2023		December 31, 2022
March 31, 2024March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Furniture and office equipmentFurniture and office equipment$1,708 $1,712 
Laboratory equipmentLaboratory equipment20 20 
Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements2,945 2,945 
4,673 4,677 
Construction in progress
5,401
Less: Accumulated depreciationLess: Accumulated depreciation(4,129)(3,933)
Property and equipment, netProperty and equipment, net$544 $744 
 
Depreciation expense was $0.1 million and $0.2 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, and 2022.respectively. Depreciation expense is recognized in Selling, general and administrative expense in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income.Loss.

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NOTE 6.8.  INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The following table reflects the gross carrying amounts and net book values of intangible assets as of March 31, 20232024 and December 31, 20222023 (dollar amounts in thousands): 

March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Remaining Useful Life
 (In years)		Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Book ValueGross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Book ValueMarch 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Products rights:Products rights:Products rights:Remaining Useful Life
 (In years)		Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Book ValueGross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationImpairmentNet Book Value
ROLVEDON
INDOCININDOCIN9.1$154,100 $(36,705)$117,395 $154,100 $(33,495)$120,605 
Sympazan
OtrexupOtrexup6.744,086 (6,888)$37,198 44,086 (5,511)38,575 
Sympazan11.614,550 (505)$14,045 14,550 (202)14,348 
SPRIXSPRIX4.139,000 (15,926)$23,074 39,000 (14,532)24,468 
Total Intangible Assets $251,736 $(60,024)$191,712 $251,736 $(53,740)$197,996 
Total intangible Assets

Amortization expense was $6.3$5.6 million and $8.5$6.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, and 2022, respectively.

9

The following table reflects future amortization expense the Company expects for its intangible assets (in thousands): 

Year Ending December 31,Year Ending December 31,Estimated Amortization ExpenseYear Ending December 31,Estimated
Amortization Expense
2023 (remainder)18,852 
202425,136 
2024 (remainder)
2025202525,136 
2026202625,136 
2027202721,747 
2028
ThereafterThereafter75,705 
TotalTotal$191,712 

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company’s market capitalization declined to below the book value of the Company’s equity, which management determined represented an indicator of impairment with respect to its long-lived assets. Applying the relevant accounting guidance, the Company first assessed the recoverability of its long-lived assets. Similar to its previous assessment in the fourth quarter of 2023, as described in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K, management concluded it was appropriate to group its assets at the product level. After grouping the long-lived assets at the lowest level for which there are identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities, the Company estimated the future net undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated from the use of the long-lived asset groups and their eventual disposition. The Company then compared the estimated undiscounted cash flows to the carrying amounts of the long-lived asset groups. Based on this test, the Company determined that the estimated undiscounted cash flows were in excess of the carrying amounts for all of the long-lived asset groups and, accordingly, that the long-lived asset groups are fully recoverable and no adjustment to their carrying values was required.
NOTE 7.9.  OTHER LONG-TERM ASSETS
 
The following table reflects other long-term assets as of March 31, 20232024 and December 31, 20222023 (in thousands): 

March 31,
2023		December 31, 2022 March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Operating lease right-of-use assetsOperating lease right-of-use assets$107 $137 
Prepaid asset and depositsPrepaid asset and deposits1,518 1,607 
OtherOther975 965 
Total other long-term assetsTotal other long-term assets$2,600 $2,709 

Other includes the Company’s investment in NES Therapeutic, Inc. (“NES”). In August 2018, the Company entered into a Convertible Secured Note Purchase Agreement (the “Note Agreement”) with NES. Pursuant the terms of the Note Agreement, the Company purchased a $3.0 million aggregate principal Convertible Secured Promissory Note (the “NES Note”) which accrues interest annually at a rate of 10% for total consideration of $3.0 million, with both the aggregate principal and accrued interest due at maturity on August 2, 2024. Pursuant to the Note Agreement, the NES Note is convertible into equity based on (i) U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) acceptance of the New Drug Application (“NDA”), (ii) initiation of any required clinical trials by NES, or (iii) a qualified financing event by NES, as defined in the Note Agreement. This investment is accounted as a long-term loan receivable and is valued at amortized cost. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company has assessed an estimated $3.5 million expected credit loss on its investment based on its evaluation of probability of default that exists. The expected credit loss recognized in each period represents the entire aggregate principal amount and outstanding interest incurred on the NES Note as of both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
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NOTE 8.10.  ACCRUED LIABILITIES
 
The following table reflects accrued liabilities as of March 31, 20232024 and December 31, 20222023 (in thousands): 

March 31,
2023		December 31, 2022 March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Accrued compensationAccrued compensation$602 $3,117 
Accrued restructuring costs (See Note 20)
Other accrued liabilities
Other accrued liabilities9,587 6,561 
Interest payable
Interest payable
Interest payableInterest payable217 1,593 
Accrued royaltiesAccrued royalties393 910 
Total accrued liabilitiesTotal accrued liabilities$10,799 $12,181 


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NOTE 9.11.  DEBT
 
The following table reflects the Company’s debt as of March 31, 20232024 and December 31, 20222023 (in thousands):

March 31, 2024March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
6.5% Convertible Senior Secured Notes due 2027 principal amount6.5% Convertible Senior Secured Notes due 2027 principal amount$40,000$40,000
March 31,
2023		December 31, 2022
6.5% Convertible Senior Secured Notes due 2027$40,000$70,000
Royalty Rights obligation470470
Total principal amount40,47070,470
Plus: derivative liability for embedded conversion feature
Plus: derivative liability for embedded conversion feature
Plus: derivative liability for embedded conversion featurePlus: derivative liability for embedded conversion feature252252308308
Less: unamortized debt issuance costsLess: unamortized debt issuance costs(2,101)(3,849)Less: unamortized debt issuance costs(1,687)(1,794)
Carrying valueCarrying value38,62166,873Carrying value38,62138,514
Less: current portion of long-term debtLess: current portion of long-term debt(470)(470)Less: current portion of long-term debt——
Long-term debt, netLong-term debt, net$38,151 $66,403Long-term debt, net$38,621$38,514


6.5% Convertible Senior Notes due 2027

On August 22, 2022, Assertio entered into a purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”), with U.S. Bank Trust Company as the trustee (the “2027 Convertible Note Trustee”) of the initial purchasers (the “Initial Purchasers”) to issue $60.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.5% Convertible Senior Notes due 2027 (the “2027 Convertible Notes”). Under the Purchase Agreement, the Initial Purchasers were also granted an overallotment option to purchase up to an additional $10.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2027 Convertible Notes solely to cover overallotment (the “Overallotment Option”) within a 13-day period from the date the initial 2027 Convertible Notes were issued. On August 24, 2022, the Initial Purchasers exercised the Overallotment Option in full for the $10.0 million aggregate principal of additional 2027 Convertible Notes. The 2027 Convertible Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company.

The Company used the net proceeds from the issuance of the 2027 Convertible Notes to repurchase $59.0 million aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 13% senior secured notes due 2024 assumed in accordance with the Zyla Merger (the “2024 Secured Notes”) and $3.0 million in associated interest payments pursuant to privately negotiated exchange agreements entered into concurrently with the pricing of the offering of the 2027 Convertible Notes.

On February 27, 2023, the Company completed a privately negotiated exchange of $30.0 million principal amount of the 2027 Convertible Notes (the “Convertible Note Exchange”). Pursuant to the Convertible Note Exchange, 6,990,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, plus an additional $10.5 million in cash, were issued in a partial settlement of the 2027 Convertible Notes (the “Exchanged Notes”). As a result of the Convertible Note Exchange in the first quarter of 2023, the Company recorded an induced conversion expense of approximately $8.8 million and direct transaction costs of approximately $1.1 million, the total of which is reported in Debt-related expenses in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) IncomeLoss for the three months ended March 31, 2023.2023. The induced conversion expense represents the fair value of the consideration transferred in the Convertible Note Exchange in excess of the fair value of common stock issuable under the original terms of the 2027 Convertible Notes. Additionally, approximately $1.6 million of unamortized issuance costs related to the Exchanged Notes were recognized as Additional paid-in capital in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The terms of the 2027 Convertible Notes are governed by an indenture dated August 25, 2022 (the “2027 Convertible Note Indenture”). The terms of the 2027 Convertible Notes allow for conversion into the Company’s common stock, cash, or a combination of cash and common stock, at the Company’s election only, at an initial conversion rate of 244.2003 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount (equal to an initial conversion price of approximately $4.09 per share), subject to adjustments specified in the 2027 Convertible Note Indenture (the “Conversion Rate”). The 2027 Convertible Notes will mature on September 1, 2027, unless earlier repurchased or converted.

The 2027 Convertible Notes bear interest from August 25, 2022, at a rate of 6.5% per annum payable semiannually in arrears on March 1 and September 1 of each year, beginning on March 1, 2023.

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Pursuant to the terms of the Indenture, the Company and its restricted subsidiaries must comply with certain covenants, including mergers, consolidations, and divestitures; guarantees of debt by subsidiaries; issuance of preferred and/or disqualified stock; and liens on the Company’s properties or assets. The Company was in compliance with its covenants with respect to the 2027 Convertible Notes as of March 31, 2023.
11

2024.

The following table reflects the carrying balance of the 2027 Convertible Notes as of March 31, 20232024 and December 31, 20222023 (in thousands):

March 31,
2023		December 31, 2022
March 31, 2024March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Principal balancePrincipal balance$40,000 $70,000 
Derivative liability for embedded conversion featureDerivative liability for embedded conversion feature252 252 
Unamortized debt issuance costsUnamortized debt issuance costs(2,101)(3,849)
Carrying balanceCarrying balance$38,151 $66,403 

The debt issuance costs incurred related to the 2027 Convertible Notes are recognized as a debt discount and are being amortized as interest expense over the term of the 2027 Convertible Notes using the effective interest method, with an effective interest rate determined to be 7.8%. During each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company amortizedamortized $0.1 million of the debtdebt discount on the 2027 Convertible Notes, and $1.6 million of unamortized issuance costs related to the Exchanged Notes were recognized as Additional paid-in capital.Notes.

The Company determined that an embedded conversion feature included in the 2027 Convertible Notes required bifurcation from the host contract and to be recognized as a separate derivative liability carried at fair value. See TheNote 18, Fair Value, for further details around the estimated fair value of the derivative liability, which represents a Level 3 valuation, liability. Awas $0.3 million as of both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and was determined using a binomial lattice model using certain assumptions and consideration of an increased conversion ratio on the underlying convertible notes that could result from the occurrence of certain events. Allll of the other embedded features of the 2027 Convertible Notes were clearly and closely related to the debt host and did not require bifurcation as a derivative liability, or the fair value of the bifurcated features was immaterial to the Company’s financial statements.

Royalty Rights Obligation

In accordance with the Zyla Merger, the Company assumed a royalty rights agreement (the “Royalty Rights”) with each of the holders of its 2024 Secured Notes pursuant to which the Company agreed to pay an aggregate 1.5% royalty on Net Sales (as defined in the indenture governing the 2027 Secured Notes) through December 31, 2022. The Royalty Rights terminated on December 31, 2022 and the Company has no further Royalty Rights obligations on net sales subsequent to that date.
    
Interest Expense

Royalty Rights and debt issuance cost are amortized as interest expense using the effective interest method. The following table reflects debt-related interest included in Interest expense in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) IncomeLoss for the three months ended March 31, 20232024 and 20222023 (in thousands):

Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Interest on 2027 Convertible Notes$975$—
Interest on 2024 Secured Notes—2,299
Amortization of Royalty Rights(1)
—28
Amortization of debt issuance costs147—
Total interest expense$1,122$2,327
(1)As a result of the extinguishment of the Royalty Rights obligation in the fourth quarter of 2022, there will be no additional amortization expense recognized in future periods.
Three Months Ended March 31,
20242023
Interest on 2027 Convertible Notes$650$975
Amortization of debt issuance costs107147
Total interest expense$757$1,122

NOTE 12.  OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES

The following table reflects other long-term liabilities as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
 March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
ROLVEDON product royalties$9,224 $9,224 
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities1,350 1,470 
Liability for uncertain tax provisions4,620 4,553 
Deferred employee retention credits1,212 1,212 
Total other long-term liabilities$16,406 $16,459 

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NOTE 10.13.  STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
    
The Company’s stock-based compensation generally includes time-based restricted stock units (“RSU”) and options, as well as performance-based RSUs and options.

12

For the three months endingended March 31, 2024 and 2023, and 2022, stock-based compensationcompensation of $1.2 million and $2.4 million, anrespd $1.0 million, respectively,ectively, was recognized in Selling, general, and administrative expenses in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income.Loss.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company granted 0.9 million RSUs at a weighted-average fair market value of $0.80 per share, and 3.0 million options at a weighted-average fair market value of $0.77 per share. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company granted 0.5 million RSUs at a weighted-average fair market value of $5.15$5.15 per share, and 0.6 million options at a weighted-average fair market value of $4.39$4.39 per share.


NOTE 11.14.  LEASES

As of March 31, 2023,2024, the Company has a non-cancelable operating lease for its corporate office, which is located in Lake Forest, Illinois (the “Lake Forest Lease”). On May 1, 2023, the Company amended the Lake Forest Lease to reduce the size of leased premises and extend the term of the lease through December 31, 2030. In connection Additionally, in connection with the ZylaSpectrum Merger, the Company assumed an operating leaseleases for offices in Wayne, Pennsylvania,two facilities and certain office equipment which terminated in February 2022.

Prior toSpectrum had previously been the Company’s corporate headquarters relocation in 2018, the Company had leased its previous corporate office in Newark, California (the “Newark Lease”), which terminated at the end of November 2022. The Newark lease was partially subleased through the lease term of November 2022. Operating lease costs and sublease income related to the Newark facility are accounted for in Other gain in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recognized a gain of $0.6 million from the early termination and settlement of a Newark facility sublease.lessee.

The following table reflects lease expense and income for the three months ended March 31, 20232024 and 20222023 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
Financial Statement Classification20232022
Three Months Ended March 31,
Three Months Ended March 31,
Three Months Ended March 31,
Financial Statement Classification
Financial Statement Classification
Financial Statement Classification
Operating lease costOperating lease costSelling, general and administrative expenses$39 $40 
Operating lease costOperating lease costOther gain— 148 
Total lease cost$39 $188 
Sublease IncomeOther gain$— $775 
Operating lease cost
The following table reflects supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the three months ended March 31, 20232024 and 20222023 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Three Months Ended March 31,
Three Months Ended March 31,
Three Months Ended March 31,
2024
2024
2024
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of liabilities:
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of liabilities:
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of liabilities:Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leasesOperating cash flows from operating leases$104 $530 
Operating cash flows from operating leases
Operating cash flows from operating leases
The following table reflects supplemental balance sheet information related to leases as of March 31, 20232024 and December 31, 20222023 (in thousands):
Financial Statement ClassificationMarch 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Financial Statement ClassificationFinancial Statement ClassificationMarch 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Assets
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Operating lease right-of-use assets
LiabilitiesLiabilities
Current operating lease liabilitiesCurrent operating lease liabilitiesOther current liabilities$306 $401 
Current operating lease liabilities
Current operating lease liabilities
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities
Total lease liabilitiesTotal lease liabilities$306 $401 


1315

NOTE 12.15.  COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Jubilant HollisterStier Manufacturing and Supply Agreement

Pursuant toIn connection with the Company’s merger with Zyla Merger,Life Sciences (“Zyla”) in May 2020 (the “Zyla Merger”), the Company assumed a Manufacturing and Supply Agreement (the “Jubilant HollisterStier Agreement”) with Jubilant HollisterStier LLC (“JHS”) pursuant to which the Company engaged JHS to provide certain services related to the manufacture and supply of SPRIX for the Company’s commercial use. Under the Jubilant HollisterStier Agreement, JHS is responsible for supplying a minimum of 75% of the Company’sCompany’s annual requirements of SPRIX. The Company agreed to purchase a minimum number of batches of SPRIX per calendar year from JHS over the term of the Jubilant HollisterStier Agreement. Total annual commitments to JHS through the period ending July 30, 2022 have been met, and total commitments through the period ending July 30, 2023 are approximately $1.1$1.5 million.

Cosette Pharmaceuticals Supply Agreement

Pursuant to the Zyla Merger, the Company assumed a Collaborative License, Exclusive Manufacture and Global Supply Agreement with Cosette Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (formerly G&W Laboratories, Inc.) (the “Cosette Supply Agreement”) for the manufacture and supply of INDOCIN Suppositories to Zyla for commercial distribution in the United States. On July 9, 2021, the Company and Cosette entered into Amendment No. 3 to the Cosette Supply Agreement, to among other things, extend the expiration date of the Cosette Supply Agreement from July 31, 2023 to July 9, 2028. The Company is obligated to purchase all of its requirements for INDOCIN Suppositories from Cosette Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and is required to meet minimum purchase requirements each calendar year during the extended term of the Cosette Supply Agreement. Total commitments to Cosette under the Cosette Supply Agreement are approximately $6.3 million annually through the end of the contract term.

Antares Supply Agreement

In connection with the Otrexup acquisition, the Company entered into a supply agreement with Antares pursuant to which Antares will manufacture and supply the finished Otrexup products (the “Antares Supply Agreement”). Under the Antares Supply Agreement, the Company has agreed to annual minimum purchase obligations from Antares, which approximateapproximate $2.0 million annually.annually. The Antares Supply Agreement has an initial term through December 2031 with renewal terms beyond.

Hanmi Supply Agreement

In connection with the Spectrum Merger, the Company assumed a Manufacturing and Supply Agreement (the “Hanmi Agreement”) with Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (“Hanmi”) pursuant to which the Company engaged Hanmi to provide certain services related to the manufacture and supply of ROLVEDON for the Company’s commercial use. The Company has agreed to purchase a minimum number of batches totaling approximately $19.1 million in 2024 and $3.8 million in 2025. The Company has purchased $8.4 million of inventory from Hanmi during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

General
The Company is currently involved in various lawsuits, claims, investigations and other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company recognizes a loss contingency provision in its financial statements when it concludes that a contingent liability is probable, and the amount thereof is estimable. Costs associated with ourthe Company’s involvement in legal proceedings are expensed as incurred. Amounts accrued for legal contingencies are based on management’s best estimate of a loss based upon the status of the cases described below, assessments of the likelihood of damages, and the advice of counsel and often result from a complex series of judgments about future events and uncertainties that rely heavily on estimates and assumptions including timing of related payments. As of both March 31, 20232024 and December 31, 2022,2023, the Company had a legal contingency accrual of approximately $3.2 million. The Company continues to monitor each matter and adjust accruals as warranted based on new information and further developments in accordance with ASC 450-20-25. For matters discussed below for which a loss is not probable, or a probable loss cannot be reasonably estimated, no liability has been recorded. Provisions for loss contingencies are recorded in Selling, general and administrative expense in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) IncomeLoss and the related accruals are recorded in Accrued liabilities in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Other than matters that we have disclosed below, the Company may from time to time become party to actions, claims, suits, investigations or proceedings arising from the ordinary course of its business, including actions with respect to intellectual property claims, breach of contract claims, labor and employment claims and other matters. The Company may also become party to further litigation in federal and state courts relating to opioid drugs. Although actions, claims, suits, investigations and proceedings are inherently uncertain and their results cannot be predicted with certainty, other than the matters set forth below, the Company is not currently involved in any matters that the Company believes may have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition. However, regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on the Company because of associated cost and diversion of management time.

1416

Glumetza Antitrust Litigation
Antitrust class actions and related direct antitrust actions were filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California against the Company and several other defendants relating to ourits former drug Glumetza®. The plaintiffs sought to represent a putative class of direct purchasers of Glumetza. In addition, several retailers, including CVS Pharmacy, Inc., Rite Aid Corporation, Walgreen Co., the Kroger Co., the Albertsons Companies, Inc., H-E-B, L.P., and Hy-Vee, Inc. (the “Retailer Plaintiffs”), filed substantially similar direct purchaser antitrust claims.claims in the same District Court.

On July 30, 2020, Humana Inc. (“Humana”) also filed a complaint against the Company and several other defendants in federal court inthe U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California alleging similar claims related to Glumetza. The claims asserted by Humana in its federal case were ultimately withdrawn, and analogous claims were instead asserted by Humana in an action it filed in the Superior Court of the State of California state courtfor the County of Alameda on February 8, 2021, and subsequently amended in September 2021. Additionally, on April 5, 2022, Health Care Service Corporation (“HCSC”) filed a complaint against the Company and the same other defendants in the California state courtSuperior Court of Alameda alleging similar claims related to Glumetza.

These antitrust cases arise out of a Settlement and License Agreement (the “Settlement”) that the Company, Santarus, Inc. (“Santarus”) and Lupin Limited (“Lupin”) entered into in February 2012 that resolved patent infringement litigation filed by the Company against Lupin regarding Lupin’s Abbreviated New Drug Application for generic 500 mg and 1000 mg tablets of Glumetza. The antitrust plaintiffs allege, among other things, that the Settlement violated the antitrust laws because it allegedly included a “reverse payment” that caused Lupin to delay its entry in the market with a generic version of Glumetza. The alleged “reverse payment” is an alleged commitment on the part of the settling parties not to launch an authorized generic version of Glumetza for a certain period. The antitrust plaintiffs allege that the Company and its co-defendants, which include Lupin as well as Bausch Health (the alleged successor in interest to Santarus), are liable for damages under the antitrust laws for overcharges that the antitrust plaintiffs allege they paid when they purchased the branded version of Glumetza due to delayed generic entry. Plaintiffs seek treble damages for alleged past harm, attorneys’ fees and costs.

On September 14, 2021, the Retailer Plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed all claims against the Company pursuant to a settlement agreement with the Company in return for $3.15 million. On February 3, 2022, the District Court issued its final order approving a settlement of the direct purchaser class plaintiffs’ claims against the Company in return for $3.85 million.

With respect to the California state court lawsuits, on November 24, 2021, the state court granted in part and denied in part a demurrer by the defendants in the Humana action. That case was consolidated in November 2022 with the HCSC action for pre-trial and trial purposes. On July 5, 2023, the state court denied a motion for judgment on the pleadings filed by the defendants in the Humana action. These California state cases are now in the midst of discovery, and trial is scheduled for JanuaryDecember 2024.

The Company intends to defend itself vigorously in the consolidated California state court lawsuits. A liability for this matter has been recorded in the financial statements.

Securities Class Action Lawsuit and Related Matters

On August 28, 2022, the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California issued a final order approving the settlement of a purported federal securities law class action that was pending against the Company, two individuals who formerly served as its chief executive officer and president, and its former chief financial officer, thereby concluding this matter. The action (Huang v. Depomed et al., No. 4:17-cv-4830-JST, N.D. Cal.) alleged violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 10b-5 related to certain prior disclosures of the Company about its business, compliance, and operational policies and practices concerning the sales and marketing of its former opioid products and contended that the conduct supporting the alleged violations affected the value of Company’s common stock and was seeking damages and other relief.

Additionally, on December 14, 2021, the Superior Court of California, Alameda County, issued a final order approving the settlement of the shareholder derivative actions that were filed on behalf of the Company against its officers and directors for breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, waste of corporate assets, and violations of the federal securities laws, thereby concluding these matters. The claims in the shareholder derivative actions arose out of the same factual allegations as the purported federal securities class action described above.

Opioid-Related Request and Subpoenas

As a result of the greater public awareness of the public health issue of opioid abuse, there has been increased scrutiny of, and investigation into, the commercial practices of opioid manufacturers generally by federal, state, and local regulatory and governmental agencies. In March 2017, the Company’s subsidiary Assertio Therapeutics Inc. (“Assertio Therapeutics”)
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received a letter from then-Sen. Claire McCaskill (D-MO), the then-Ranking Member on the U.S. Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, requesting certain information regarding Assertio Therapeutics’ historical commercialization of opioid products. Assertio Therapeutics voluntarily furnished information responsive to Sen. McCaskill’s request. Since 2017, Assertio Therapeutics has received and responded to subpoenas from the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”) seeking documents and information regarding its historical sales and marketing of opioid products. Assertio Therapeutics has also received and responded to subpoenas or civil investigative demands focused on its historical promotion and sales of Lazanda, NUCYNTA, and NUCYNTA ER from various state attorneys general seeking documents and information regarding Assertio Therapeutics’ historical sales and marketing of opioid products. In addition, Assertio Therapeutics received and responded to a subpoena from the State of California Department of Insurance (“CDI”) seeking information relating to its historical sales and marketing of Lazanda. The CDI subpoena also seekssought information on Gralise, a non-opioid product formerly in Assertio Therapeutics’ portfolio. In addition, Assertio Therapeutics received and responded to a subpoena from the New York Department of Financial Services seeking information relating to its historical sales and marketing of opioid products. The Company has also received a subpoena from the New York Attorney General in May 2023, pursuant to which the New York Attorney General is seeking information concerning the sales and marketing of opioid products (Lazanda, NUCYNTA, NUCYNTA ER, and OXAYDO) by Assertio Therapeutics and Zyla. The
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Company also from time to time receives and complies withresponds to subpoenas from governmental authorities related to investigations primarily focused on third parties, including healthcare practitioners. Assertio TherapeuticsThe Company is cooperating with the foregoing governmental investigations and inquiries.

In July 2022, the Company became aware that the DOJ issued a press release stating that it had settled claims against a physician whom the DOJ alleged had received payments for paid speaking and consulting work from two pharmaceutical companies, including Depomed, Inc. (now(“Depomed,” now known as Assertio Therapeutics), in exchange for prescribing certain of the companies’ respective products. As part of the settlement, the physician did not admit liability for such claims and the press release stated that there has been no determination of any liability for such claims. The Company denies any wrongdoing and disputes the DOJ’s characterization of the payments from Depomed.

Multidistrict and Other Federal Opioid Litigation
A number of pharmaceutical manufacturers, distributors and other industry participants have been named in numerous lawsuits around the country brought by various groups of plaintiffs, including city and county governments, hospitals, individuals and others. In general, the lawsuits assert claims arising from defendants’ manufacturing, distributing, marketing and promoting of FDA-approved opioid drugs. The specific legal theories asserted vary from case to case, but the lawsuits generally include federal and/or state statutory claims, as well as claims arising under state common law. Plaintiffs seek various forms of damages, injunctive and other relief and attorneys’ fees and costs.
For such cases filed in or removed to federal court, the Judicial Panel on Multi-District Litigation issued an order in December 2017, establishing a Multi-District Litigation court (“MDL Court”) in the Northern District of Ohio (In re National Prescription Opiate Litigation, Case No. 1:17-MD-2804). Since that time, more than 2,000 such cases that were originally filed in U.S. District Courts, or removed to federal court from state court, have been filed in or transferred to the MDL Court. Assertio Therapeutics is currently involved in a subset of the lawsuits that have been filed in or transferred to the MDL Court. Assertio Holdings has also been named in six such cases. In April 2022, the Judicial Panel on Multi-District Litigation issued an order stating that it would no longer transfer new opioid cases to the MDL Court. Since that time, Assertio Therapeutics has been named in twolawsuits pending in federal lawsuitscourts outside of the MDL Court (in the Northern District of Georgia and Southern District of Florida, respectively)New York). Plaintiffs may file additional lawsuits in which Assertio Therapeutics or Assertio Holdingsthe Company may be named.named, and plaintiffs may also seek leave to add the Company to lawsuits already on file in the MDL Court. Plaintiffs in the pending federal cases involving Assertio Therapeutics or Assertio Holdings include individuals; county, municipal and other governmental entities; employee benefit plans, health insurance providers and other payors; hospitals, health clinics and other health care providers; Native American tribes; and non-profit organizations who assert, for themselves and in some cases for a putative class, federal and state statutory claims and state common law claims, such as conspiracy, nuisance, fraud, negligence, gross negligence, negligent and intentional infliction of emotional distress, deceptive trade practices, and products liability claims (defective design/failure to warn). In these cases, plaintiffs seek a variety of forms of relief, including actual damages to compensate for alleged personal injuries and for alleged past and future costs such as to provide care and services to persons with opioid-related addiction or related conditions, injunctive relief, including to prohibit alleged deceptive marketing practices and abate an alleged nuisance, establishment of a compensation fund, establishment of medical monitoring programs, disgorgement of profits, punitive and statutory treble damages, and attorneys’ fees and costs. No trial date has been set infor any of these lawsuits, which are at an early stage of proceedings. Assertio Therapeutics and Assertio Holdings intend to defend themselves vigorously in these matters.

State Opioid Litigation

Related to the federal cases in the MDL Court noted above, there have been hundreds of similar lawsuits filed in state courts around the country, in which various groups of plaintiffs assert opioid-drug related claims against similar groups of defendants. Assertio Therapeutics is currently named in a subset of those cases, including cases in Delaware, Missouri, Nevada, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas and Utah. Assertio Holdings is named as a defendant in one of these cases in Pennsylvania. Plaintiffs may
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file additional lawsuits in which Assertio Therapeutics or Assertio Holdingsthe Company may be named. In the pending cases involving Assertio Therapeutics or Assertio Holdings, plaintiffs are asserting state common law and statutory claims against the defendants, and the majority of those cases are similar in nature to the claims asserted in the MDL cases. Plaintiffs are seeking actual damages, disgorgement of profits, injunctive relief, punitive and statutory treble damages, and attorneys’ fees and costs. The state lawsuits in which Assertio Therapeutics or Assertio Holdings has been served are generally each at an early stage of proceedings. Assertio Therapeutics and Assertio Holdings intend to defend themselves vigorously in these matters.

Insurance Litigation

On January 15, 2019, Assertio Therapeutics was named as a defendant in a declaratory judgment action filed by Navigators Specialty Insurance Company (“Navigators”) in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California (Case No. 3:19-cv-255). Navigators was Assertio Therapeutics’ primary product liability insurer. Navigators was seeking declaratory
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judgment that opioid litigation claims noticed by Assertio Therapeutics (as further described above under “Multidistrict and Other Federal Opioid Litigation” and “State Opioid Litigation”) are not covered by Assertio Therapeutics’ life sciences liability policies with Navigators. On February 3, 2021, Assertio Therapeutics entered into a Confidential Settlement Agreement and Mutual Release with Navigators to resolve the declaratory judgment action and Assertio Therapeutics’ counterclaims. Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, the parties settled and the coverage action was dismissed without prejudice.

DuringDuring the first quarter of 2021, Assertio Therapeutics received $5.0 million in insurance reimbursement for previous opioid-related spend, which was recognized within Selling, general and administrative expenses in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive IncomeIncome (Loss) for the year ended December 31, 2021.

On July 16, 2021, Assertio Therapeutics filed a complaint for declaratory relief against one of its excess products liability insurers, Lloyd’s of London Newline Syndicate 1218 and related entities (“Newline”), in the Superior Court of the State of California for the County of Alameda. Newline removed the case to the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California (Case No. 3:21-cv-06642). Assertio Therapeutics was seeking a declaratory judgment that Newline has a duty to defend Assertio Therapeutics or, alternatively, to reimburse Assertio Therapeutics’ attorneys’ fees and other defense costs for opioid litigation claims noticed by Assertio Therapeutics. On May 18, 2022, Assertio Therapeutics entered into a Confidential Settlement Agreement and Mutual Release with Newline to resolve Assertio Therapeutics’ declaratory judgment action. Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, the parties settled and the coverage action was dismissed with prejudice.

During the second quarter of 2022, Assertio Therapeutics received $2.0 million in insurance reimbursement for previous opioid-related spend, which was recognized within Selling, general and administrative expenses in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the year ended December 31, 2022.

On April 1, 2022, Assertio Therapeutics filed a complaint for negligence and breach of fiduciary duty against its former insurance broker, Woodruff-Sawyer & Co. (“Woodruff”), in the Superior Court of the State of California for the County of Alameda (Case No. 22CV009380). Assertio Therapeutics is seeking to recover its damages caused by Woodruff’salleged claims for negligence and breachesbreach of its fiduciary dutiesduty in connection with negotiatingWoodruff’s negotiation and procuringprocurement of products liability insurance coverage for Assertio Therapeutics. The parties are in discovery. Trial is set for February 2, 2024.On April 26, 2024, Assertio Therapeutics and Woodruff executed a binding settlement term sheet to resolve Assertio Therapeutics’ claims.

Indemnification Dispute with Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc.Stockholder Actions

On May 24, 2022,Shapiro v. Assertio Therapeutics filed an action in the SuperiorHoldings, Inc., et al., U.S. District Court, Northern District of Delaware against Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc. (“Collegium”) seeking indemnification for Collegium’s breach of an asset purchase agreement related to Assertio Therapeutics’ former product, NUCYNTA. Assertio Therapeutics alleged that Collegium agreed to assume certain liabilities associated with customer returns of NUCYNTA products sold by Collegium, but that Collegium failed to honor that agreement. On July 14, 2022, Collegium answered the complaint asserting as a defense that, among other things, the Superior Court of Delaware does not have jurisdiction over all aspects of the action because Collegium contends that a portion of the dispute is subject to the alternative dispute resolution procedures under a different agreement. On July 18, 2022, Assertio Therapeutics moved to strike that defense, and on August 8, 2022 in opposition to the motion to strike, Collegium filed a cross-motion to stay the case. Assertio Therapeutics filed its opposition to Collegium’s cross-motion to stay on August 19, 2022. After oral argument on September 20, 2022, the Court granted in part Assertio Therapeutics’ motion to strike and denied in full Collegium’s cross-motion to stay.Illinois, Case No. 1:24-cv-00169. On January 5, 2023,2024, this putative securities class action lawsuit was filed by a purported shareholder, alleging that Assertio Therapeutics voluntarily dismissed all claimsand certain of its current and former executive officers made false or misleading statements and failed to disclose material facts regarding the likely impact of INDOCIN sales and the Spectrum Merger on Assertio’s profitability in violation of Sections 10(b) (and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). On April 11, 2024, the court appointed Continental General Insurance Company as the lead plaintiff. The Company intends to vigorously defend itself in this matter.

Edwards v. Assertio Holdings, Inc., et al., Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, Case No. 2024-0151. On February 19, 2024, this putative securities class action lawsuit was filed by a purported shareholder, alleging that certain former officers and directors of Spectrum breached their fiduciary duties in connection the Spectrum Merger, and that Guggenheim Securities LLC and Assertio aided and abetted such fiduciary duty breaches. The Company intends to vigorously defend itself in this matter.

Jung v. Peisert, et al., U.S. District Court, Delaware, Case No. 1:24-cv-00383-UNA. On March 26, 2024, this putative stockholder derivative action was filed against Collegiumthe Company (as a nominal defendant) and certain of its current and former executive offers and directors. The stockholder derivative complaint alleges, inter alia, that certain of the Company’s current and former executive officers and directors are liable to the Company, pursuant to Section 10(b) and 21(d) of the Exchange Act for contribution and indemnification, relating to allegedly false or misleading statements and alleged failure to disclose material facts regarding the likely impact of INDOCIN sales and the Spectrum Merger on the Company’s profitability. The complaint further alleges that certain of the Company’s current and former officers and directors breached their fiduciary duties, and that certain of the Company’s directors negligently violated Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act, by allegedly causing such false or misleading statements to be issued and/or failing to disclose material facts about such matters. The allegations state that as a settlement agreement with Collegium in return for $2.9 million.

result of the violations, certain of the Company’s current and former executive officers and directors committed acts of gross mismanagement, abuse of control, or were unjustly enriched. The plaintiffs generally seek corporate reforms, damages, interest, costs, attorneys’ fees, and other unspecified equitable relief.

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Luo v. Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc., et al., U.S. District Court, District of Nevada, Case No. 2:21-cv-01612. On August 31, 2021, this putative securities class action lawsuit was filed by a purported shareholder, alleging that Spectrum and certain of its former executive officers and directors made false or misleading statements and failed to disclose material facts about Spectrum’s business and the prospects of approval for its Biologic License Application (“BLA”) to the FDA for eflapegrastim (ROLVEDON) in violation of Section 10(b) (and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act. On November 1, 2021, four individuals and one entity filed competing motions to be appointed lead plaintiff and for approval of counsel. On July 28, 2022, the Court appointed a lead plaintiff and counsel for the putative class. On September 26, 2022, an amended complaint was filed alleging, inter alia, false and misleading statements with respect to ROLVEDON manufacturing operations and controls and adding allegations that defendants misled investors about the efficacy of, clinical trial data and market need for poziotinib during a Class Period of March 7, 2018 to August 5, 2021. The amended complaint seeks damages, interest, costs, attorneys’ fees, and such other relief as may be determined by the Court. On November 30, 2022, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint, which was fully briefed as of February 27, 2023. On February 6, 2024, the Court held a hearing on the motion to dismiss and issued an order dismissing the lawsuit without prejudice to the lead plaintiff’s ability to replead their claims. The lead plaintiff filed a further amended complaint on March 29, 2024. The Company intends to vigorously defend itself in this matter.

Christiansen v. Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. et al., Case No. 1:22-cv-10292 (filed December 5, 2022 in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York) (the “New York Action”). Three additional related putative securities class action lawsuits were subsequently filed by Spectrum shareholders against Spectrum and certain of its former executive officers in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York: Osorio-Franco v. Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc., et al., Case No. 1:22-cv-10292 (filed December 5, 2022); Cummings v. Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc., et al., Case No. 1:22-cv-10677 (filed December 19, 2022); and Carneiro v. Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc., et al., Case No. 1:23-cv-00767 (filed January 30, 2023). These three New York lawsuits allege that Spectrum and certain of its former executive officers made false or misleading statements about, inter alia, the safety and efficacy of and clinical trial data for poziotinib in violation of Section 10(b) (and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act, and seek remedies including damages, interest, costs, attorneys’ fees, and such other relief as may be determined by the Court. On February 15, 2023, the Court consolidated the three New York lawsuits. On March 21, 2023, the Court entered an order designating Steven Christiansen as the lead plaintiff. Lead plaintiff Christiansen filed an amended consolidated complaint in the New York Action under the caption Christiansen v. Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc, et al., on May 30, 2023, alleging a Class Period between March 17, 2022 and September 2022. The defendants filed a motion to dismiss the consolidated New York Action on July 25, 2023, which was fully briefed as of October 19, 2023. On January 23, 2024, the Court granted the motion to dismiss in part as to five of the challenged statements but denied the motion to dismiss as to two specific statements. The Company filed its answer to the complaint on March 8, 2024. The Company intends to vigorously defend itself in this matter.

Csaba v. Turgeon, et. al (filed December 15, 2021 in the U.S. District Court District of Nevada); Shumacher v. Turgeon, et. al (filed March 15, 2022 in the U.S. District Court District of Nevada); Johnson v. Turgeon, et. al (filed March 29, 2022 in the U.S. District Court District of Nevada); Raul v. Turgeon, et. al (filed April 28, 2022 in the U.S. District Court District of Delaware); and Albayrak v. Turgeon, et. al (filed June 9, 2022 in the U.S. District Court District of Nevada). These putative stockholder derivative actions were filed against Spectrum (as a nominal defendant) and certain of Spectrum’s former executive officers and directors. The stockholder derivative complaints allege, inter alia, that certain of Spectrum’s former executive officers are liable to Spectrum, pursuant to Section 10(b) and 21(d) of the Exchange Act for contribution and indemnification, if they are deemed (in the Luo class action), to have made false or misleading statements and failed to disclose material facts about Spectrum’s business and the prospects of approval for its BLA to the FDA for eflapegrastim. The complaints generally but not uniformly further allege that certain of Spectrum’s former officers and directors breached their fiduciary duties, and certain of Spectrum’s former directors negligently violated Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act, by allegedly causing such false or misleading statements to be issued and/or failing to disclose material facts about Spectrum’s business and the prospects of approval for its BLA to the FDA for eflapegrastim. The allegations state that as a result of the violations, certain of Spectrum’s former executive officers and directors committed acts of gross mismanagement, abuse of control, or were unjustly enriched. The plaintiffs generally seek corporate reforms, damages, interest, costs, attorneys’ fees, and other unspecified equitable relief. The parties have agreed to stay these derivative actions until there is a decision in the Luo Nevada securities class action either denying a motion to dismiss in whole or in part, or dismissing that securities class action with prejudice.

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NOTE 13.16. SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY

Issuance of Common Stock in the Spectrum Merger

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, shares of Spectrum common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Date, as well as Spectrum restricted stock units, certain stock appreciation rights, certain options to purchase Spectrum common stock, and warrants to purchase Spectrum common stock, which, in each case, were outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Date and were either vested or became vested as a result of the Spectrum Merger on the Effective Date, were converted into the right to receive fully paid and non-assessable shares of the Company’s common stock based on the exchange ratio as set forth in the Merger Agreement (see Note 2, Acquisitions) and the CVRs. Accordingly, on the Effective Date the Company issued approximately 38.0 million shares of its common stock to the previous holders of Spectrum common stock, net of a fractional share settlement.

Exchanged Convertible Notes

Related toIn connection with the Convertible Note Exchange (see(See Note 9,11, Debt), in the first quarter of 2023, the Company paid an aggregate of $10.5 million in cash and issued an aggregate of approximately 7.0 million shares of its common stock in partial settlement of the transactions.2027 Convertible Notes (the “Exchanged Notes”). The Company did not receive any cash proceedsproceeds from the issuance of the shares of its common stock but recognized additionaladditional paid-in capital of $28.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, related to the common stock share issuance, net of approximately $1.6 million of unamortized issuance costs related to the Exchanged Notes.

At-The-Market Program

The Company is party to a sales agreement with Roth Capital Partners, LLC (“Roth”) as sales agent to sell shares of the Company’s common stock, from time to time, through an at-the-market (“ATM”) offering program having an aggregate offering price of up to $25.0 million. As a result of the issuance of the 2027 Convertible Notes (See Note 9, Debt), the Company has determined to suspend use of its ATM offering program. Prior to suspending the ATM offering program, 2,463,637 shares had been issued and settled at an average price of $3.02, through which the Company received gross proceeds of $7.4 million, and net proceeds after commission and fees of $7.0 million.

Warrant Agreements

Upon the Zyla Merger, the Company assumed Zyla’s outstanding warrants which provided the holder the right to receive shares of the Company’s common stock. The warrants were exercisable at any time at an exercise price of $0.0016 per share, subject to certain ownership limitations including, with respect to Iroko Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and its affiliates, that no such exercise may increase the aggregate ownership of the Company’s outstanding common stock of such parties above 49% of the number of shares of its common stock then outstanding for a period of 18 months.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, 0.4 million warrants were exercised, and 0.4 million of the Company’s common shares, were issued by the Company. Subsequent to these warrant exercises in the three months ended March 31, 2022, there were no outstanding warrants remaining.


NOTE 14.17.  NET (LOSS) INCOMELOSS PER SHARE

Basic net (loss) incomeloss per share is calculated by dividing the net (loss) incomeloss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period.

Diluted net (loss) incomeloss per share is calculated by dividing the net (loss) incomeloss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, plus potentially dilutive common shares, consisting of stock-based awards and equivalents, and convertible debt. For the purposes of this calculation, stock-based awards and convertible debt are considered to be potential common shares and are only included in the calculation of diluted net (loss) incomeloss per share when their effect is dilutive. The Company uses the treasury-stock method to compute diluted earnings per share with respect to its stock-based awards and equivalents. The Company uses the if-converted method to compute diluted earnings per share with respect to its convertible debt. Under the if-converted method, the Company assumes any convertible debt outstanding was converted at the beginning of each period presented when the effect is dilutive. As a result, interest expense, net of tax, and any other income statement impact associated with the 2027 Convertible Notes, net of tax, is added back to net incomeloss used in the diluted earnings per share calculation. Additionally, the diluted shares used in the diluted earnings per share calculation includes the potential dilution effect of the convertible debt if converted into the Company’s common stock. As the Company was in a net loss positionposition for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, the Company’s potentially dilutive stock-based awards and convertible debt were not included in the computation of diluted net (loss) incomeloss per share, because to do so would be anti-dilutive.

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The following table reflects the calculation of basic and diluted earningsloss per common share for the three months ended March 31, 20232024 and 20222023 (in thousands, except for per share amounts):
 Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Basic net (loss) income per share
Net (loss) income$(3,484)$9,064 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding51,005 45,204 
Basic net (loss) income per share$(0.07)$0.20 
Diluted net income per share
Net (loss) income$(3,484)$9,064 
Weighted-average common shares and share equivalents outstanding51,005 45,204 
Add: effect of dilutive stock-based awards and equivalents— 923 
Denominator for diluted net (loss) income per share51,005 46,127 
Diluted net (loss) income per share$(0.07)$0.20 

 Three Months Ended March 31,
20242023
Basic and diluted net loss per share
Net loss$(4,510)$(3,484)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding94,980 51,005 
Basic and diluted net loss per share$(0.05)$(0.07)
 
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The following table reflects outstanding potentially dilutive common shares that are not included in the computation of diluted net (loss) incomeloss per share, because to do so would be anti-dilutive, for the three months ended March 31, 20232024 and 20222023 (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Convertible notes14,489 — 
Stock-based awards and equivalents8,271 1,215 
Total potentially dilutive common shares22,760 1,215 
 Three Months Ended March 31,
20242023
Convertible notes9,768 14,489 
Stock-based awards and equivalents8,422 8,271 
Total potentially dilutive common shares18,190 22,760 

NOTE 15.18.  FAIR VALUE

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.
 
•Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
•Level 2: Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
•Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
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The following table reflects the Company’s fair value hierarchy for its financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 20232024 and December 31, 20222023 (in thousands):

March 31, 2023Financial Statement ClassificationLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
March 31, 2024March 31, 2024Financial Statement ClassificationLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets:Assets:
Commercial paperCash and cash equivalents$— $8,973 $— $8,973 
U.S. Treasuries
U.S. Treasuries
U.S. Treasuries
U.S. Government agenciesU.S. Government agenciesCash and cash equivalents— 38,341 — 38,341 
Money market fundsMoney market fundsCash and cash equivalents15,982 — — 15,982 
TotalTotal$15,982 $47,314 $— $63,296 
Liabilities:Liabilities:
Short-term contingent considerationShort-term contingent considerationContingent consideration, current portion$— $— $24,458 $24,458 
Long-term contingent considerationContingent consideration— — 26,600 26,600 
Short-term contingent consideration
Short-term contingent consideration
Derivative liability
Derivative liability
Derivative liabilityDerivative liabilityLong-term debt— — 252 252 
TotalTotal$— $— $51,310 $51,310 

December 31, 2022Financial Statement ClassificationLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
December 31, 2023December 31, 2023Financial Statement ClassificationLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets:Assets:
Commercial paperCash and cash equivalents$— $4,983 $— $4,983 
U.S. Treasuries
U.S. Treasuries
U.S. TreasuriesU.S. TreasuriesCash and cash equivalents— 3,981 — 3,981 
U.S. Government agenciesU.S. Government agenciesCash and cash equivalents— 10,937 — 10,937 
Money market fundsMoney market fundsCash and cash equivalents38,478 — — 38,478 
TotalTotal$38,478 $19,901 $— $58,379 
Liabilities:Liabilities:
Short-term contingent considerationShort-term contingent considerationContingent consideration, current portion$— $— $26,300 $26,300 
Long-term contingent considerationContingent consideration— — 22,200 22,200 
Short-term contingent consideration
Short-term contingent consideration
Derivative liability
Derivative liability
Derivative liabilityDerivative liabilityLong-term debt— — 252 252 
TotalTotal$— $— $48,752 $48,752 
    
Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company invests its cash in money market funds and marketable securities including U.S. Treasury and government agency securities, commercial paper, and higher quality debt securities of financial and commercial institutions. The Company classified money market funds as Level 1, due to their short-term maturity, and measured the fair value based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. The Company classified commercial paper, U.S. Treasury and government agency securities as Level 2, as the inputs used to value these instruments are directly observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets.

Contingent Consideration Obligations

Spectrum Merger Contingent Variable Rights

In connection with the Spectrum Merger, the Company issued CVRs (See Note 2, Acquisitions) that represent a contingent consideration obligation which is measured at fair value.

As of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair value of the Company’s CVR liability related to the Spectrum Merger was determined by the Company to be zero. Accordingly, the Company recognized no expense or benefit for the change in fair value of the CVR contingent consideration during the three months ended March 31, 2024. The fair value of the CVR contingent consideration is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model under the income approach based on the probability of achievement of ROLVEDON net sales milestones using projections of 2024 and 2025 net sales and discounted to present value. The significant assumptions used in the calculation of the fair value as of March 31, 2024 included updated projections of future ROLVEDON product net sales, which resulted in no probability of achievement under the Monte Carlo simulation.

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Zyla Merger Contingent Consideration Obligation

Pursuant toIn connection with the Zyla Merger, the Company assumed a contingent consideration obligation which is measured at fair value. The Company has obligations to make contingent consideration payments for future royalties to an affiliate of CR Group L.P. based upon annual INDOCIN product net sales over $20.0 million at a 20% royalty through January 2029. The Company classified the acquisition-related contingent consideration liabilities to be settled in cash as Level 3, due to the lack of relevant observable inputs and market activity. As of both March 31, 20232024 and December 31, 2022,2023, the fair value of the INDOCIN product contingent consideration was $51.1determined to be $2.7 million and $48.5 million, respectively, with $24.5 million and $26.3 millionhas been classified as short-term and $26.6 million and $22.2 million classified as long-termcurrent contingent consideration respectively, in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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During the three months ended March 31, 20232024 and 2022,2023, the Company recognized an expense of $9.2zero and $9.2 million and $1.6 million,, respectively, for the change in fair value of contingent consideration, whichwhich was recognized in FairChange in fair value of contingent consideration in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income. Loss. The fair value of the contingent consideration incurred in the Zyla Merger is determined using an option pricing model under the income approach based on estimated INDOCIN product revenues through January 2029 and discounted to present value. The significant assumptions used in the calculation of the fair value as of March 31, 20232024 included revenue volatility of 40%15%, discount rate of 8.5%5.5%, credit spread of 4.2%9.2% and updated projections of future INDOCIN Productproduct revenues.

The following table summarizes changes in fair value of the Company’s contingent consideration obligations that isare measured on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three months ended March 31, 20232024 and 20222023 (in thousands):

Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
2024
2024
2024
Fair value, beginning of the periodFair value, beginning of the period$48,500 $37,659 
Fair value, beginning of the period
Fair value, beginning of the period
Change in fair value of contingent consideration recorded within costs and expenses
Change in fair value of contingent consideration recorded within costs and expenses
Change in fair value of contingent consideration recorded within costs and expensesChange in fair value of contingent consideration recorded within costs and expenses9,167 1,645 
Cash payment related to contingent considerationCash payment related to contingent consideration(6,609)(1,845)
Cash payment related to contingent consideration
Cash payment related to contingent consideration
Fair value, end of the periodFair value, end of the period$51,058 $37,459 
Fair value, end of the period
Fair value, end of the period

Derivative Liability
The Company determined that an embedded conversion feature included in the 2027 Convertible Notes required bifurcation from the host contract and to be recognized as a separate derivative liability carried at fair value. The estimated fair value of the derivative liability, which represents a Level 3 valuation, was $0.3 million as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and was determined using a binomial lattice model using certain assumptions and consideration of an increased conversion ratio on the underlying convertible notes that could result from the occurrence of certain events. The significant assumption used in the binomial lattice model is a credit spread of 8.8%.

There was no change in the fair value of the derivative liability for the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.

Financial Instruments Not Required to be Remeasured at Fair Value

The Company’s other financial assets and liabilities including trade accounts receivable and accounts payable, are not remeasured to fair value, as the carrying cost of each approximates its fair value. On August 22, 2022,As of March 31, 2024, the Company issuedestimated fair value of the 2027 Convertible Notes. AsNotes, excluding the bifurcated embedded conversion option, was approximately $33.8 million, compared to a par value of March$40.0 million. As of December 31, 2023, the estimated fair value of the 2027 Convertible Notes, excluding the bifurcated embedded conversion option, was approximately $69.4 million, compared to a par value of $40.0 million. As of December 31, 2022, the estimated fair value of the 2027 Convertible Notes, excluding the bifurcated embedded conversion option, was approximately $92.5 $35.7 million, compared to a par value of $70.040.0 million. The Company estimated the fair value of its 2027 Convertible Notes as of March 31, 20232024 and December 31, 20222023 based on a market approach which represents a Level 2 valuation.

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NOTE 16.19.  INCOME TAXES

During the year ended DecemberAs of March 31, 2022,2024, the Company reversedhas concluded that it is not more likely than not that it will realize the net deferred tax asset recorded as of March 31, 2024. As a majority of its previouslyresult, the Company has recorded a full valuation allowancesallowance against the net deferred tax asset (“DTA”).recorded as of March 31, 2024. The valuation allowance is determined in accordance with the provisions of ASC 740, Income Taxes, which require an assessment of both negative and positive evidence when measuring the need for a valuation allowance. The exact timing and amount of the valuation allowance releases are subject to change based on the level of profitability achieved in future periods. The Company continues to assess the realizability of its deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis. As part of its valuation allowance assessment, the Company primarily relied on its projected availability of future taxable income from pre-tax income forecasts and reversing taxable temporary differences. As of March 31, 2023, the Company estimatesdifferences to retain $11.1 million ofassess its valuation allowance, for the year ending December 31, 2023, because realization of the future benefits for the associatedwhich resulted in recording a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets during the quarter. If it is uncertain.determined that a portion or all of the valuation allowance is not required, it will generally be a benefit to the income tax provision in the period such determination is made.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023,2024, the Company recorded an income tax benefitexpense of $2.1$0.1 million. The difference between the income tax benefit of $2.1 millionexpense and the tax at the federal statutory rate of 21.0% to date on current year operations is principally due to the impact of the valuation allowance and state taxes, disallowed officer’sincome taxes.

NOTE 20.  RESTRUCTURING CHARGES

In August 2023, the Company implemented a reorganization plan of its workforce and other resources primarily designed to realize the synergies of the Spectrum Merger (the “Spectrum Reorganization Plan”). The Spectrum Reorganization Plan was primarily focused on the reduction of staff at the Company’s headquarters office and the exit of certain leased facilities and office equipment. The Company expects the recognition of any additional costs and all cash payments under the Spectrum Reorganization Plan to be completed by the end of 2024.

The staff reductions under the Spectrum Reorganization Plan were the result of a distinct severance plan approved by the Company’s Board of Directors and were not executed as part of established Company policies or plans. Total employee compensation costs recognized under the Spectrum Reorganization Plan through March 31, 2024, were approximately $3.3 million. In addition, the leased facilities and office equipment referenced above are not expected to be used for any business purpose, and the Company will not sublease the facilities and office equipment due to the short remaining lease terms. The facility exit costs represent the acceleration of the underlying right-of-use asset amortization to align with the cease use date for the abandoned facilities and office equipment. Total facility exit costs recognized under the Spectrum Reorganization Plan through March 31, 2024, were approximately $1.3 million. There were no remaining facility exit costs expected to be recognized by the Company under the Spectrum Reorganization Plan as of March 31, 2024.

Effective as of January 2, 2024, the Company separated from the service of its former President and Chief Executive Officer. Pursuant to his then existing Management Continuity Agreement with the Company, the former President and Chief Executive Officer was entitled to severance compensation and capital expenses, offset by a partial reversalbenefits of previously recorded valuation allowance.approximately $1.5 million, which was recognized as Restructuring charges within the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive (Loss) Income for year ended December 31, 2023, the period in which the separation and related severance benefit was determined to be probable. The Company does not expect to recognize any additional restructuring charges related to the separation from the former President and Chief Executive Officer.

The Company recognized restructuring charges of $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, all of which related to employee compensation costs. The Company recognized no restructuring charges for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The Company files income tax returnsfollowing table summarizes the changes in the United States federal jurisdiction andCompany’s accrued restructuring liability for employee compensation costs, which is classified within Accrued liabilities in various states, and the tax returns filed for the years 2007 through 2021 and the applicable statutes of limitation have not expired with respect to those returns. Because of NOLs and unutilized R&D credits, substantially all of the Company’s tax years remain open to examination. Interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits, would be recognized as income tax expense by the Company. As of March 31, 2023, the Company did not have significant accrued interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits.Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands):
Employee compensation costs
Balance as of December 31, 2023$4,378 
Restructuring charges720 
Cash paid(1,730)
Balance as of March 31, 2024$3,368 

2125

NOTE 17. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On April 25, 2023, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Spectrum”), a commercial stage biopharmaceutical company focused on novel and targeted oncology products, in an all-stock and contingent value rights (“CVR”) transaction. The Merger Agreement provides that, subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, Assertio stockholders will own approximately 65% of the combined company, and Spectrum stockholders will own approximately 35% of the combined company, on a fully diluted basis.

Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, at closing, Spectrum stockholders will receive a fixed exchange ratio of 0.1783 shares of Assertio common stock for each share of Spectrum common stock they own, implying an upfront value of $1.14 per Spectrum share (approximately $248 million) based on Assertio’s stock price on April 24, 2023, and an initial 65% premium to Spectrum’s closing price on such date. Additionally, Spectrum stockholders will receive one CVR per Spectrum share entitling them to receive up to an additional $0.20 per share in total (approximately $43 million), payable in cash or stock at Assertio's election, for $1.34 (approximately $291 million), a total potential premium of 94%. Subject to adjustments, each CVR shall represent the right to receive $0.10 payable upon ROLVEDON net sales (less certain deductions) achieving $175 million during the calendar year ending December 31, 2024, and $0.10 payable upon ROLVEDON net sales (less certain deductions) achieving $225 million during the calendar year ending December 31, 2025.

The Merger Agreement, which has been approved by the boards of directors of both companies, is expected to close in the third quarter of 2023, subject to approval by Assertio and Spectrum stockholders and the satisfaction of customary closing conditions.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

COMPANY OVERVIEW

We are a commercial pharmaceutical company offering differentiated products to patients utilizing a non-personal promotional model. Our commercial portfolio of branded products focuses on three areas: neurology, rheumatology, and pain and inflammation. We have built our commercial portfolio through a combination of increased opportunities with existing products, as well as through the acquisition or licensing of additional approved products. Our primary marketed products are:

INDOCIN® (indomethacin) Suppositories
A suppository and oral solution of indomethacin used both in hospitals and out-patient settings. Both products are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), indicated for:
• Moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis including acute flares of chronic disease
• Moderate to severe ankylosing spondylitis
INDOCIN® (indomethacin) Oral Suspension
• Moderate to severe osteoarthritis
• Acute painful shoulder (bursitis and/or tendinitis)
• Acute gouty arthritis
Otrexup® (methotrexate)
injection for subcutaneous use
A once weekly single-dose auto-injector containing a prescription medicine, methotrexate. Otrexup is a folate analog metabolic inhibitor indicated for the:
• Management of patients with severe, active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA), who are intolerant of or had an inadequate response to first-line therapy. 


• Symptomatic control of severe, recalcitrant, disabling psoriasis in adults who are not adequately responsive to other forms of therapy.
Sympazan® (clobazam) oral filmA benzodiazepine indicated for the adjunctive treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS) in patients aged two years of age or older . Sympazan is the only product to offer clobazam in a convenient film with PharmFilm® technology. Sympazan is taken without water or liquid, adheres to the tongue, and dissolves to deliver clobazam.
SPRIX® (ketorolac tromethamine) Nasal Spray
A prescription NSAID indicated in adult patients for the short-term (up to five days) management of moderate to moderately severe pain that requires analgesia at an opioid level. SPRIX is a non-narcotic nasal spray that provides patients with moderate to moderately severe short-term pain a form of ketorolac that is absorbed rapidly but does not require an injection administered by a healthcare provider.
CAMBIA® (diclofenac potassium for oral solution)
A prescription NSAID indicated for the acute treatment of migraine attacks with or without aura in adults 18 years of age or older. CAMBIA can help patients with migraine pain, nausea, photophobia (sensitivity to light), and phonophobia (sensitivity to sound). CAMBIA is not a pill; it is a powder, and combining CAMBIA with water activates the medicine in a unique way.
Zipsor® (diclofenac potassium) Liquid filled capsules
A prescription NSAID used for relief of mild-to-moderate pain in adults (18 years of age and older). Zipsor uses proprietary ProSorb�� delivery technology to deliver a finely dispersed, rapid and consistently absorbed formulation of diclofenac.

Other commercially available products include OXAYDO® (oxycodone HCI, USP) tablets for oral use only —CII.

On August 22, 2022, we issued $70.0 million aggregate principal amount of Convertible Senior Notes which mature on September 1, 2027 and bear interest at the rate of 6.5% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on March 1 and September 1 of each year beginning March 1, 2023 (the “2027 Convertible Notes”). We used the net proceeds from the 2027 Convertible Notes to repurchase the remaining $59.0 million aggregate principal amount of our outstanding 13.0% Senior Secured Notes due 2024 (the “2024 Secured Notes”) and $3.0 million in associated interest payment pursuant to privately negotiated exchange agreements entered into concurrently with the pricing of the 2027 Convertible Notes. We expect to use the remaining net proceeds from the 2027 Convertible Notes for general corporate purposes.

On February 27, 2023, we completed a privately negotiated exchange of $30.0 million principal amount of the 2027 Convertible Notes (the “Convertible Note Exchange”). Pursuant to the Convertible Note Exchange, 6,990,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, plus an additional $10.5 million in cash, were issued in a partial settlement of the 2027 Convertible Notes (the “Exchanged Notes”). Refer to Note 9 of the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the 2027 Convertible Notes.
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Segment Information

We manage our business within one reportable segment. Segment information is consistent with how management reviews the business, makes investing and resource allocation decisions and assesses operating performance. To date, substantially all of revenues from product sales are related to sales in the U.S.


FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

Statements made in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the Securities Act), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are identified by words such as “anticipate,” “approximate”, “believe,” “anticipate,“could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “goal,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “opportunity,” “plan,” “will,“potential,” “may,“project,” “prospective,” “pursue,” “seek,” “estimate,” “could,” “might,” “should,” “goal,“strategy,” “target,” “project,” “approximate”, “potential,” “opportunity,” “pursue,” “strategy,” “prospective”“will” and other similar expressions. In addition, any statements that refer to expectations, projections or other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. Forward-lookingExamples of forward-looking statements include, but are not necessarily limited to, those relating to:
 
•our ability to grow sales of ROLVEDON and the commercial success and market acceptance of ROLVEDON and our other products, including the coverage of our products by payors and pharmacy benefit managers;

•our ability to successfully develop and execute our sales, marketing and non-personal and digital promotion strategies using our sales force and non-personal promotion model capabilities, including developing and maintaining relationships with customers, physicians, payors and other constituencies;

•the entry and sales of generics of our products (including the INDOCIN products which are not patent protected and may face generic competition at any time) and/or other products competitive with any of our products (including compounded indomethacin suppositories thatcompounded by hospitals and other institutions including a 503B compounder recently began selling in whatwhich we believe to be violation ofis violating certain provisions of the Food, Drug and Cosmetic ActAct);

•the timing and which compete withimpact of additional generic approvals and uncertainty around the recent approvals and launches of generic INDOCIN products (which are not patent protected and now face generic competition as a result of the August 2023 approval and launch of generic indomethacin suppositories and January 2024 approval and subsequent launch of a generic indomethacin oral suspension product) on our INDOCIN suppositories);future results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows;

•our ability to successfully execute our business strategy, business development, strategic partnerships, and investment opportunities to build and grow for the future, including through product acquisitions, commercialization agreements, licensing or technology agreements, equity investments, and business combinations;

•our ability to achieve the expected financial performance from products we acquire, as well as delays, challenges and expenses, and unexpected liabilities and costs associated with integrating and operating newly-acquired products;products, including our expectations around the sales and growth prospect of ROLVEDON;

•our expectations regarding industry trends, including pricing pressures and managed healthcare practices;

•our ability to attractexecute on and retain key executive leadership;realize anticipated benefits from our reorganization plan in connection with the Spectrum Merger;

•the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic or future outbreaks,our ability to attract and retain executive leadership and key employees, including volatility in prescriptions associatedconnection with elective procedures, on our liquidity, capital resources, operations and business and those of the third parties on which we rely, including suppliers and distributors;ongoing search for a permanent Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”);

•the ability of our third-party manufacturers to manufacture adequate quantities of commercially salable inventory and active pharmaceutical ingredients for each of our products on commercially reasonable terms and in compliance with their contractual obligations to us, and our ability to maintain our supply chain which relies on single-source suppliers;

•the outcome of, and our intentions with respect to, any litigation or government investigations, including pending and potential future shareholder litigation relating to the Spectrum Merger and/or the approval and launch of generic indomethacin suppositories in the second half of 2023, antitrust litigation, opioid-related government investigations and opioid-related litigation, as well as Spectrum’s legacy shareholder and related claims for negligence and breach of fiduciary duty against our former insurance broker,other litigation, and other disputes and litigation, and the costs and expenses associated therewith;

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•the timing, cost and results of our clinical studies and other research and development efforts, including the extent to which data from the ROLVEDON same-day dosing trial, if and when completed, may support our ongoing commercialization efforts;

•our compliance or non-compliance with, or being subject to, legal and regulatory requirements related to the development or promotion of pharmaceutical products in the United States (“U.S.”);
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•the potential impacts of future outbreaks of epidemics, pandemics or other diseases on our liquidity, capital resources, operations and business and those of the third parties on which we rely, including suppliers and distributors;

•our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our products and operate our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of others;

•our ability to generate sufficient cash flow from our business to fund operations and to make payments on our indebtedness, our ability to restructure or refinance our indebtedness, if necessary, and our compliance with the terms and conditions of the agreements governing our indebtedness;

•our ability to raise additional capital or refinance our debt, if necessary;

•our intentions or expectations regarding the use of available funds and any future earnings or the use of net proceeds from securities offerings;

•our commitments and estimates regarding future obligations, contingent consideration obligations and other expenses, future revenues, capital requirements and needs for additional financing;

•our counterparties’ compliance or non-compliance with their obligations under our agreements;

•variations in revenues obtained from commercialization agreements, including contingent milestone payments, royalties, license fees and other contract revenues, including non-recurring revenues, and the accounting treatment with respect thereto;

•the timing, cost and results of any future research and development efforts including potential clinical studies relating to any future product candidates;
•the estimation, projection or availability of net operating losses or credit carryforwards;

•the potential impacts of adverse business and economic conditions including inflationary pressures, economic slowdown or recession, relatively high interest rates, changes in monetary policy, potential U.S. federal government shutdowns, geopolitical conflicts and financial institution instability; and
•our common stock maintaining compliance with The Nasdaq Capital Market’s minimum closing bid requirement of at least $1.00 per share.

This document also contains statements about our agreement and plan of merger with Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Spectrum”), whereby we agreed to acquire Spectrum (the “Proposed Merger”). Many factors could cause actual results to differ materially from these forward-looking statements with respect to the Proposed Merger, including (1) the completion of the Proposed Merger on anticipated terms and timing, including obtaining shareholder approvals, anticipated tax treatment, unforeseen liabilities, future capital expenditures, revenues, expenses, earnings, synergies, economic performance, indebtedness, financial condition, losses, future prospects, business and management strategies for the management, expansion and growth of the new combined company’s operations and other conditions to the completion of the Proposed Merger; (2) the risk that the conditions to the closing of the Proposed Merger are not satisfied, including the risk that required approvals for the Proposed Merger from our or Spectrum’s stockholders are not obtained; (3) the occurrence of any event, change or other circumstances that either could give rise to the right of one or both of us or Spectrum to terminate the merger agreement; (4) the risk of litigation relating to the Proposed Merger; (5) uncertainties as to the timing of the consummation of the Proposed Merger and the ability of each party to consummate the Proposed Merger; (6) risks related to disruption of management time from ongoing business operations due to the Proposed Merger; (7) unexpected costs, charges or expenses resulting from the Proposed Merger; (8) our and Spectrum’s ability to retain and hire key personnel; (9) competitive responses to the Proposed Merger and the impact of competitive services; (10) certain restrictions during the pendency of the Proposed Merger that may impact our or Spectrum’s ability to pursue certain business opportunities or strategic transactions; (11) potential adverse changes to business relationships resulting from the announcement or completion of the Proposed Merger; (12) the combined company’s ability to achieve the growth prospects and synergies expected from the Proposed Merger, as well as delays, challenges and expenses associated with integrating the combined company’s existing businesses; (13) negative effects of this announcement or the consummation of the Proposed Merger on the market priceshare, particularly in light of our stock trading below or Spectrum’s common stock, credit ratings and operating results; and (14) legislative, regulatory and economic developments, including changing business conditions in the industries in which we and Spectrum operate. These risks, as well as other risks associated with the Proposed Merger, will be more fully discussed in the joint proxy statement/prospectus that will be included in the registration statement on Form S-4 that will be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with the Proposed Merger. While the list of factors presented here is, and the list of factors to be presented in the registration statement on Form S-4 are, considered representative, no such list should be considered to be a complete statement of all potential risks and uncertainties.Unlisted factors may present significant additional obstacles to the realization of forward-looking statements.only slight above $1.00 per share recently.

Factors that could cause actual results or conditions to differ from those anticipated by these and other forward-looking statements include those more fully described and incorporated by reference in the “RISK FACTORS” section and elsewhere in
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this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20222023, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 8, 202311, 2024 (the “2022“2023 Form 10-K”). Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statement publicly, or to revise any forward-looking statement to reflect events or developments occurring after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, even if new information becomes available in the future.

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES


CriticalCOMPANY OVERVIEW

We are a pharmaceutical company with comprehensive commercial capabilities offering differentiated products to patients. We have built our product portfolio through the acquisition or licensing of approved products. Our commercial capabilities include marketing through both a sales force and a non-personal promotion model, market access through payor contracting, and trade and distribution. Our primary marketed products are:

ROLVEDONTM (eflapegrastim-xnst) injection for subcutaneous use
A long-acting granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) with a novel formulation that is indicated to decrease the incidence of infection, as manifested by febrile neutropenia, in adult patients with nonmyeloid malignancies receiving myelosuppressive anti-cancer drugs associated with clinically significant incidence of febrile neutropenia.
INDOCIN® (indomethacin) Suppositories
A suppository and oral solution of indomethacin used both in hospitals and out-patient settings. Both products are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), indicated for:
• Moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis including acute flares of chronic disease
• Moderate to severe ankylosing spondylitis
INDOCIN® (indomethacin) Oral Suspension
• Moderate to severe osteoarthritis
• Acute painful shoulder (bursitis and/or tendinitis)
• Acute gouty arthritis
Sympazan® (clobazam) oral filmA benzodiazepine indicated for the adjunctive treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS) in patients aged two years of age or older. Sympazan is the only product to offer clobazam in a convenient film with PharmFilm® technology. Sympazan is taken without water or liquid, adheres to the tongue, and dissolves to deliver clobazam.
Otrexup® (methotrexate)
injection for subcutaneous use
A once weekly single-dose auto-injector containing a prescription medicine, methotrexate. Otrexup is a folate analog metabolic inhibitor indicated for the:
• Management of patients with severe, active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA), who are intolerant of or had an inadequate response to first-line therapy.
• Symptomatic control of severe, recalcitrant, disabling psoriasis in adults who are not adequately responsive to other forms of therapy.
SPRIX® (ketorolac tromethamine) Nasal Spray
A prescription NSAID indicated in adult patients for the short-term (up to five days) management of moderate to moderately severe pain that requires analgesia at an opioid level. SPRIX is a non-narcotic nasal spray that provides patients with moderate to moderately severe short-term pain relief in a form of ketorolac that is absorbed rapidly but does not require an injection administered by a healthcare provider.
CAMBIA® (diclofenac potassium for oral solution)
A prescription NSAID indicated for the acute treatment of migraine attacks with or without aura in adults 18 years of age or older. CAMBIA can help patients with migraine pain, nausea, photophobia (sensitivity to light), and phonophobia (sensitivity to sound). CAMBIA is not a pill; it is a powder, and combining CAMBIA with water activates the medicine in a unique way.

On July 31, 2023 (the “Effective Date”), pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), dated as of April 24, 2023, we completed the acquisition of Spectrum Pharmaceutical, Inc. (“Spectrum”), a commercial stage biopharmaceutical company focused on novel and targeted oncology products (the “Spectrum Merger”), through a merger of a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company with and into Spectrum, with Spectrum surviving the merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. We accounted for the Spectrum Merger using the acquisition method of accounting policiesunder Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805 and are those that require significant judgment and/or estimates by management atconsidered the time that theaccounting acquirer. The results of operations of Spectrum are included in our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared such that materially different results might have been reported if other assumptions had been made. We consideras of the Effective Date.

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, each issued and outstanding share of Spectrum common stock as of the Effective Date was converted into the right to receive (i) 0.1783 shares of our common stock and (ii) one contingent value right (“CVR”) representing a contractual right to receive future conditional payments worth up to an aggregate maximum amount of $0.20, settleable in cash, additional shares of Assertio common stock or a combination of cash and additional shares of Assertio
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common stock at our sole discretion, upon the achievement of certain accounting policiessales milestones related to revenue recognition, accrued liabilitiesSpectrum’s product ROLVEDON. Subject to adjustments, each CVR represents the right to receive up to $0.10 payable upon ROLVEDON net sales (less certain deductions) achieving $175 million during the calendar year ending December 31, 2024, and useup to $0.10 payable upon ROLVEDON net sales (less certain deductions) achieving $225 million during the calendar year ending December 31, 2025. In addition, upon consummation of estimatesthe Spectrum Merger, Spectrum’s outstanding employee stock awards and other warrants that were outstanding immediately as of the Effective Date automatically vested (if unvested) and/or cancelled, as applicable, which generally resulted in the issuance of shares of Assertio common stock and/or CVRs to be critical policies.the holders of such stock awards or other warrants, in each case as dictated by the terms of the Merger Agreement. These estimates formshares and CVRs issued are considered part of the basis for making judgments aboutconsideration transferred, and no compensation expense was recognized because the carryingsettlement was a condition of the Merger Agreement and other existing individual agreements, no future performance is required by the holders, and the fair value of assetsthe shares and liabilities. CVRs is equivalent to the fair value of the existing employee stock awards and other warrants.

Segment Information

We believe there have been no significant changesmanage our business within one reportable segment. Segment information is consistent with how management reviews the business, makes investing and resource allocation decisions, and assesses operating performance. To date, substantially all of our revenues are related to product sales in our critical accounting policies and significant judgements and estimates since we filed our 2022 Form 10-K. See ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates in our 2022 Form 10-K for further information.the U.S.


RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Revenues
The following table reflects total revenues, net for the three months ended March 31, 20232024 and 20222023 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Three Months Ended
Three Months Ended
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2024
March 31, 2024
March 31, 2024
Product sales, net:Product sales, net:
Product sales, net:
Product sales, net:
ROLVEDON
ROLVEDON
ROLVEDON
INDOCIN productsINDOCIN products$30,346 $21,357 
INDOCIN products
INDOCIN products
Sympazan
Sympazan
Sympazan
OtrexupOtrexup2,822 3,078 
Sympazan2,502 — 
Otrexup
Otrexup
SPRIX
SPRIX
SPRIXSPRIX1,889 1,766 
CAMBIACAMBIA2,264 5,473 
Zipsor1,150 2,228 
CAMBIA
CAMBIA
Other products
Other products
Other productsOther products796 1,644 
Total product sales, netTotal product sales, net41,769 35,546 
Total product sales, net
Total product sales, net
Royalties and milestone revenueRoyalties and milestone revenue697 992 
Royalties and milestone revenue
Royalties and milestone revenue
Total revenuesTotal revenues$42,466 $36,538 
Total revenues
Total revenues
Product sales, net
For the three months ended March 31, 2023, product sales primarily consisted of sales from INDOCIN products, Otrexup, Sympazan and CAMBIA. We acquired Sympazan and began shipping and recognizing its product sales in October 2022.
INDOCINROLVEDON net product sales increased $9.0 million from $21.4were $14.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 20222024 compared to $11.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, which was the first full quarter of ROLVEDON net product sales since the acquisition of Spectrum on July 31, 2023. The quarter-over-quarter increase of $3.5 million was primarily due to volume growth.
INDOCIN net product sales for the three months ended March 31, 2024 were $8.7 million, a decrease of $21.6 million from net product sales of $30.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to favorable net pricing asand a resultdecrease of volume mix shift to more profitable channels.
Otrexup$2.2 million from net product sales decreased $0.3of $10.8 million from $3.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023. The decrease for the three months ended March 31, 20222024 compared to $2.8both prior periods is primarilydue to lower volume and pricing as a result of the August 2023 approval and launch of generic indomethacin suppositories. In the remainder of 2024, we expect INDOCIN net product sales to continue to be impacted unfavorably by increasing competition as a result of existing generic entrants, expected future generic entrants and other competitive products.
Sympazan net product sales increased $0.1 million from $2.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 primarily due to unfavorable payor mix.
SPRIX net product sales increased $0.1 million from $1.8$2.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 20222024, primarily due to favorable payor mix, partially offset by lower
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volume. Sympazan net product sales for the three months ended March 31, 2024decreased $0.1 million from $2.7 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to unfavorable payor mix, partially offset by higher volume.
Otrexup net product sales were $2.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, an increase of $0.1 million from net product sales of $2.8 millionfor each of the three months ended March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023, primarily due to favorable payor mix, partially offset by a decline in volume.
SPRIX net product sales were $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, a decrease of $0.5 million from net product sales of $1.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and a decrease of $0.9 million from net product sales of $2.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to higher volume and favorable payor mix.
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lower volume.
CAMBIA netnet product sales decreased $3.2 million from $5.5were $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 to2024, a decrease of $1.0 million from net product sales of $2.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to lower volume as certain parties who previously entered into settlement agreements with us began to market generic versionsand a decrease of CAMBIA in 2023.
Zipsor$0.7 million from net product sales decreased $1.1 million from $2.2of $2.0 million for the three months ended MarchDecember 31, 20222023, primarily due to $1.2 millionlower volume caused by generic entrants in 2023.
Other net product sales for the three months ended March 31, 2023 primarily due to lower volume, as certain parties who previously entered into settlement agreements with us began to market generic versions of Zipsor in 2022.
Otherinclude net product sales includefor OXAYDO of $0.8 million and net product sales of Zipsor of $1.2 million. As we ceased OXAYDO product sales beginning in September 2023, other net product sales for non-promoted products (OXAYDO). We ceased SOLUMATRIXthe three months ended March 31, 2024 of $0.5 million and the three months ended December 31, 2023 of $0.7 million represent only net product sales beginning in July 2022.of Zipsor.
The increasedecrease in total product sales, net, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023, also reflects a decrease year over yearyear-over-year increase in the amounts charged as a reduction to revenue for sales and return allowances, discounts, chargebacks, and rebates, which is primarily attributed to changesa shift in product mix with the addition of ROLVEDON and specifically, a higher concentrationthe decrease in product sales of INDOCIN Products that typically require lower levels of product sales allowances relative to our other products.and CAMBIA.
    
Royalties & Milestone revenue

In November 2010, we entered into a license agreement granting the counterpartyMiravo the rights to commercially market CAMBIA in Canada. The counterparty to the license agreement independently contracts with manufacturers to produce a specific CAMBIA formulation in Canada. We receiverecognized royalties on net sales as well as certain one-time contingent milestone payments. Duringrevenue related to the CAMBIA license agreement of $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and $0.5 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, weDecember 31, 2023.

We recognized $0.5 million of revenue related to CAMBIA in Canada.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we recognized $0.2 million and $0.5 million, respectively, of Milestoneno milestone revenue associated with the completion of certain service milestones.milestones for each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and milestone revenue associated with the completion of certain service milestones of $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Cost of Sales (excluding
Cost of sales consists of costs of the active pharmaceutical ingredient, contract manufacturing and packaging costs, royalties payable to third parties, inventory write downs or scrap costs, product quality testing, internal employee costs related to the manufacturing process, distribution costs, and shipping costs related to our product sales. Cost of sales excludes the amortization of intangible assets)assets. Fair value of inventories acquired through business combinations or asset acquisitions include an inventory step-up within the value of inventories. The inventory step-up value is amortized as the related inventory is sold and is included in cost of sales.

Cost of sales increased $1.3 million from $4.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 to2024 increased $5.7 million from $5.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 primarily due to a $1.0$11.2 million charge for obsolete inventory and $0.6 million of additional cost of sales from Sympazan, which was acquired and began shipping in October 2022, partially offset by the impact of product mix.

For the three months ended March 31, 20232024, primarily due to $4.1 million of ROLVEDON inventory step-up amortization and 2022,$1.1 million of ROLVEDON inventory write downs, which the Company acquired as part of the Spectrum Merger, and the impact of product mix, which increased cost of sales included $0.2by $1.3 million. The increase in cost of sales was partially offset by $0.8 million of lower non-ROLVEDON inventory write downs.

Cost of sales for the three months ended March 31, 2024 increased $1.5 million from $9.7 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023 to $11.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to an increase in ROLVEDON specific cost of sales, including quarter-over-quarter increases in inventory step-up amortization of $1.1 million, inventory write downs of $0.9 million, and $0.4 million respectively, of amortizationcost of sales directly attributable to ROLVEDON product sales. The increase in cost of sales due to ROLVEDON was partially offset by $0.9 million of lower non-ROLVEDON inventory step-up relatedwrite downs and the impact of product mix, which decreased cost of sales by $0.2 million.

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Cost of sales are impacted by both product volume and mix, changes in which will have an impact on Cost of sales recognized by us in future periods. In the remainder of 2024, we expect Cost of sales, as a percentage of sales, to acquired inventories sold.be higher due to changes in product volume and mix.

Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses include salaries, costs for planned clinical trials, consultant fees, supplies, and allocations of corporate costs. It is difficult to predict the scope and magnitude of future research and development expenses for our product candidates in research and development, as it is difficult to determine the nature, timing and extent of planned clinical trials and studies and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (“FDA”) requirements for a particular drug. As potential products proceed through the development process, each step is typically more extensive, and therefore more expensive, than the previous step. Therefore, success in development generally results in increasing expenditures until actual product approval.

Research and development expenses were $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, representing primarily costs directly associated with ongoing clinical trial activity for ROLVEDON. We did not recognize any research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Research and development expenses decreased $0.3 million from $1.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023 to $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to lower costs associated with ongoing clinical activity for ROLVEDON for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses primarily consist of personnel, contract personnel, marketing and promotion expenses associated with our commercial products, personnel expenses to support our administrative and operating activities, facility costs, and professional expenses, such as legal and accounting fees.

Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased $6.3$1.6 million from $10.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 to $16.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 to $18.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due toto: (i) an increase$6.7 million of higher operating expenses incurred following the Spectrum Merger, partially offset by; (ii) $2.4 million related to costs,of lower transaction-related expenses, primarily legal and professional fees, associated with the pending merger with Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc., which was announced on April 25, 2023 (see “Note 17Merger, (iii) $2.3 million of the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements), (ii) an increaselower marketing and promotion expenses, and (iv) a net decrease of $1.5$0.4 million in stock-based compensation expense, (iii) $1.3 million of higher selling and marketing expenses for prior acquired products, and (iv) an $0.8 million increase inother general operating expenses.

Fair value of contingent consideration

Fair value of contingent consideration increased $7.5Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $5.5 million from $1.6$24.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023 to $18.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 20222024, primarily due to: (i) $2.8 million of lower ROLVEDON direct expenses, (ii) a decrease of $1.4 million in stock-based compensation expense, (iii) $1.0 million of lower marketing and promotion expenses, and (iv) $0.4 million of lower transaction-related expenses associated with the Spectrum Merger. The decrease was partially offset by a net increase of $0.2 million in other general operating expenses.

Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration

In connection with the Spectrum Merger, we issued CVRs that represent a contingent consideration obligation which is measured at fair value. See Company Overview for further information. Pursuant to $9.2 millionour merger with Zyla Life Sciences (“Zyla”) in May 2020 (the “Zyla Merger”), we assumed a contingent consideration obligation for the three months ended March 31, 2023.future royalties on annual INDOCIN product net sales which is measured at fair value. The fair valuevalues of theboth contingent consideration isobligations are remeasured each reporting period, with changes in the fair value of each of the contingent consideration obligations resulting from changes in the respective underlying inputs being recognized in operating expenses until both the contingent consideration arrangementobligation arrangements are settled.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we recognized an expense of zero and $9.2 million, respectively, for the change in fair value of contingent consideration.

The fair value of the CVR contingent consideration is settled. determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model under the income approach based on the probability of achievement of ROLVEDON net sales milestones using projections of 2024 and 2025 net sales and discounted to present value. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair value of the CVR liability was determined to be zero. The significant assumptions used in the calculation of the fair value as of March 31, 2024, included updated projections of future ROLVEDON product net sales, which resulted in no probability of achievement under the Monte Carlo simulation.
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The fair value of the contingent consideration obligation incurred in the Zyla Merger is determined using an option pricing model under the income approach based on estimated INDOCIN product revenues through January 2029, and discounted to present value. As of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair value of the INDOCIN product contingent consideration was determined to be $2.7 million. The significant assumptions used in the calculation of the fair value as of March 31, 20232024, included revenue volatility of 40%15%, discount rate of 8.5%5.5%, credit spread of 4.2%9.2% and updated projections of future INDOCIN Productproduct revenues.

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Amortization of Intangible Assets

The following table reflects amortization of intangible assets for the three months ended March 31, 20232024 and 20222023 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
Three Months Ended March 31,
Three Months Ended March 31,
2024
2024
2024
Amortization of intangible assets—ROLVEDON
Amortization of intangible assets—ROLVEDON
Amortization of intangible assets—ROLVEDON
Amortization of intangible assets—INDOCIN
Amortization of intangible assets—INDOCIN
Amortization of intangible assets—INDOCIN
Amortization of intangible assets—Sympazan
Amortization of intangible assets—Sympazan
Amortization of intangible assets—Sympazan
Amortization of intangible assets—Otrexup
Amortization of intangible assets—Otrexup
Amortization of intangible assets—Otrexup
Amortization of intangible assets—SPRIX
Amortization of intangible assets—SPRIX
Amortization of intangible assets—SPRIX
Three Months Ended March 31,
Total
20232022
Amortization of intangible assets—INDOCIN$3,210 $3,210 
Amortization of intangible assets—Otrexup1,377 1,377 
Amortization of intangible assets—Sympazan303 — 
Amortization of intangible assets—SPRIX1,394 1,394 
Amortization of intangible assets—CAMBIA— 1,988 
Amortization of intangible assets—Zipsor— 532 
TotalTotal$6,284 $8,501 
Total
 
Amortization expense decreased $2.2$0.7 million from $8.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 to $6.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 to $5.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to the full amortizationa lower carrying value of CAMBIA intangible assets due to impairment charges recognized in the third and fourth quarterquarters of 2022 and the full amortization of Zipsor intangible assets in the first quarter of 2022, partially2023, offset by the additional amortization of the SympazanROLVEDON product rights, acquired in October 2022.July 2023.

Restructuring Charges

Restructuring charges were $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to zero for the three months ended March 31, 2023. In August 2023, we implemented a reorganization plan of our workforce and other resources primarily designed to realize the synergies of the Spectrum Merger (the “Spectrum Reorganization Plan”). The Spectrum Reorganization Plan was primarily focused on the reduction of staff at our headquarters office and the exit of certain leased facilities. We expect the recognition of any additional costs and all cash payments under the Spectrum Reorganization Plan to be completed by the end of 2024.

We regularly evaluate our operations to identify opportunities to streamline operations and optimize operating efficiencies as an anticipation to changes in the business environment.

Other (Expense) Income

The following table reflects other expense (income) for the three months ended March 31, 20232024 and 20222023 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
2024
2024
2024
Debt-related expenses
Debt-related expenses
Debt-related expensesDebt-related expenses$(9,918)$— 
Interest expenseInterest expense(1,122)(2,327)
Interest expense
Interest expense
Other gain
Other gain
Other gainOther gain802 545 
Total other expenseTotal other expense$(10,238)$(1,782)
Total other expense
Total other expense

OtherOther expense increased decreased by $8.5 million from $1.8$10.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 20222024, as compared to $10.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to debt-related expenses incurred in the currentprior year partially offset byand lower interest expense and increase in other gain.

expense. Debt-related expenses consistfor the three months ended March 31, 2023, consisted of an induced conversion expense of approximately $8.8 million and direct transaction costs of approximately $1.1 million incurred as a result of the $30.0 million
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Convertible Note Exchange duringin the first quarter of 2023, as further described under the heading “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below. There were no similar debt-related expenses in the three months ended March 31, 2023, as described in Note 9 of the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.2024.

The following table reflects interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 20232024 and 20222023 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Interest payable on 2027 Convertible Notes$975$—
Interest paid on 2024 Secured Notes—2,299
Amortization of Royalty Rights(1)
—28
Amortization of debt issuance costs147—
Total interest expense$1,122$2,327
(1)As a result of the extinguishment of the Royalty Rights obligation during the fourth quarter of 2022, there will be no additional amortization expense recognized in future periods. Refer to Note 9 of the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Royalty Rights obligation.
Three Months Ended March 31,
20242023
Interest payable on 2027 Convertible Notes$650 $975 
Amortization of debt issuance costs107 147 
Total interest expense$757 $1,122 

For the three months ended March 31, 2023,2024, total interest expense decreased $1.2$0.3 million from $2.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 to $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 primarily due to lower amounts
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of interest incurred on debt outstanding. On August 22, 2022, we issued $70.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.5% Convertible Senior Notes due 2027. We used the net proceeds from the 2027 Convertible Notes issuance to repurchase the remaining $59.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 2024 Secured Notes, which were outstanding during the three months ended March 31, 2022, and carried a higher interest rate.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, other gain increased $0.3 million from $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 to $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023,2024, primarily due to higher interest income, partially offset by a gainlower principal balance of $0.6 million from the early termination and settlement of a Newark facility sublease during the three months ended March 31, 2022 not repeating.2027 Convertible Notes outstanding.

Income Tax Provision

For the three months ended March 31, 2023,2024, we recorded an income tax benefitexpense of approximately $2.1 million, which represents an effective tax rate of 37.7%.$0.1 million. The difference between the income tax benefit of $2.1 million forexpense and the three months ended March 31, 2023, and tax at the federal statutory rate of 21.0% on current year operations is principally due to state taxes, disallowed officer’s compensation, and capital expenses offset by a partial reversal of previously recorded valuation allowance.

In the three months ended March 31, 2022, we recorded an income tax expense of approximately $0.7 million, which represents an effective tax rate of 7.3%. The difference between income tax expense of $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, and tax at the federal statutory rate of 21.0% was principallyprimarily due to the partial releaseimpact of the valuation allowance related toand state income taxes. As of March 31, 2024, we concluded that it is not more likely than not that we will realize the movement innet deferred tax assets.

asset recorded as of March 31, 2024. As a result, we have recorded a full valuation allowance against the net deferred tax asset as of March 31, 2024.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

HistoricallyWe have and through March 31, 2023, we have financedcontinue to finance our operations and business development efforts primarily from product sales, private and public sales of equity securities, including convertible debt securities, the proceeds of secured borrowings, the sale of rights to future royalties and milestones, upfront license, milestone and fees from collaborative and license partners.

On August 22, 2022, we issued $70.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2027 Convertible Notesconvertible senior notes which mature on September 1, 2027, and bear interest at athe rate of 6.5% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on March 1 and September 1 of each year beginning March 1, 2023. We used the net proceeds from the 20272023 (the “2027 Convertible Notes to repurchase the remaining $59.0 million aggregate principal amount of our outstanding 2024 Secured Notes and $3.0 million in associated interest payment pursuant to privately negotiated exchange agreements entered into concurrently with the pricing of the 2027 Convertible Notes. We expect to use the remaining net proceeds from the 2027 Convertible Notes for general corporate purposesNotes”).

On February 27, 2023, we completed the Convertible Note Exchange pursuant to which we exchangeda privately negotiated exchange of $30.0 million principal amount of ourthe 2027 Convertible Notes for (the “Convertible Note Exchange”). Pursuant to the Convertible Note Exchange, 6,990,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, plus an additional $10.5 million in cash. Ascash, were issued in a result of the Convertible Note Exchange, we recorded a non-cash induced conversion expense of approximately $8.8 million and direct transaction costs of approximately $1.1 million. As a result of the Convertible Note Exchange, we expect our cash interest expense in future periods to decrease in accordance with the decrease in the aggregate principal amountpartial settlement of the 2027 Convertible Notes outstanding.Notes.

The terms of the 2027 Convertible Notes are governed by an indenture dated August 25, 2022 (the “2027 Convertible Note Indenture”). Pursuant to the terms of the 2027 Convertible Note Indenture, the Companywe and itsour restricted subsidiaries must comply with certain covenants, including mergers, consolidations, and divestitures; guarantees of debt by subsidiaries; issuance of preferred and/or disqualified stock; and liens on our properties or assets. We arewere in compliance with our covenants with respect to the 2027 Convertible Notes as of March 31, 2023.

We are party to a sales agreement with Roth Capital Partners, LLC (“Roth”) as sales agent to sell shares of our common stock, from time to time, through an at-the-market (“ATM”) offering program having an aggregate offering price of up to $25.0 million. As a result of the issuance of the 2027 Convertible Notes, we suspended use of the ATM offering program. Prior to our suspension of the ATM offering program, 2,463,637 shares of our common stock had been issued and settled at an average price of $3.02, through which we received gross proceeds of $7.4 million, and net proceeds after commission and fees of $7.0 million.2024.

We believe that our existing cash will be sufficient to fund our operations and make the required payments under our debt agreements due for the next twelve months from the date of this filing. We base this expectation on our current operating plan, which may change as a result of many factors.
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Our cash needs may vary materially from our current expectations because of differences between the actual cash impacts and our expected impacts related to numerous factors, including:

•acquisitions or licenses of complementary businesses, products, technologies or companies;
•declines in sales of our marketed products, including those resulting from the entry and sales of generics and/or other products competitive with any of our products;
•expenditures related to our commercialization of our products;products, including our efforts to manage supply costs and enhance the long-term prospects of ROLVEDON product sales;
•milestone and royalty revenue we receive under our collaborative development arrangements;
•interest and principal payments on our current and future indebtedness;
•financial terms of definitive license agreements or other commercial agreements we may enter into;
•changes in the focus and direction of our business strategy and/or research and development programs;
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•potential expenses relating to any litigation matters, including relating to Assertio Therapeutics’ prior opioid product franchise for which we have not accrued any reserves due to an inability to estimate the magnitude and/or probability of such expenses, and former drug Glumetza;
•potential expenses relating to the Spectrum Reorganization Plan and/or termination expenses if a decision is made to cease development of Spectrum’s de-prioritized development asset poziotinib; and
•expenditures related to future clinical trial costs; and
•effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations.costs.

The inability to raise any additional capital that may be required to fund our future operations, payments due under our debt agreements, or product acquisitions and strategic transactions whichthat we may pursue could have a material adverse effect on the Company.

As previously disclosed, during the year ended December 31, 2022, a total of one million performance-based RSUs were granted to our executive officers under our 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan, as amended. Upon vesting in the second quarter of 2023, our compensation committee may elect to settle all or a portion of the performance-based RSUs in cash based on their fair market value.

The following table reflects summarized cash flow activities for the three months ended March 31, 20232024 and 20222023 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
March 31,		 Three Months Ended March 31,
20232021
202420242023
Net cash provided by operating activitiesNet cash provided by operating activities$22,717 $27,426 
Net cash used in investing activitiesNet cash used in investing activities(105)(404)
Net cash used in financing activitiesNet cash used in financing activities(18,950)(2,443)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalentsNet increase in cash and cash equivalents$3,662 $24,579 

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities was $7.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $22.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $27.4 million in the same period in 2022, primarily due to unfavorablelower net income including non-cash items, partially offset by favorable working capital cash flows compared to last year, partially offset by higher net income excluding non-cash items.year.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023,2024, net loss was $3.5$4.5 million compared to net income of $9.1$3.5 million for the same period in 2022.three months ended March 31, 2023. For the three months ended March 31, 2023,2024, adjustments for non-cash items contributed approximately $16.5$19.4 million moreless to operating cash flows compared to the same period in 2022,2023, primarily due to debt-related expenses of $9.9 millionand higheran expense of $9.2 million for recurringthe change in fair value measurement of contingent consideration.consideration, both of which did not recur in the current year period. For the three months ended March 31, 2023,2024, net working capital cash generated by operations of approximately $3.6 million was $5.3 million higher than net working capital cash used in operations of approximately $1.7 million was $8.6 million lower than net working capital cash generated by operations of approximately $7.0 million in the same period in 2022,2023, primarily due to receipt of $8.3 million one-time tax refund in the first quarter of 2022, partially offset by increased cash from accounts receivable payments and decreased cash used for inventory due to the timing of purchases and receipts.receipts, partially offset by increased cash used in the settlement of accrued rebates, returns and discounts due to impact of sales product mix as well as timing of settlement.

Cash flows from operating activities are impacted by, among other things, product revenue, operating profit and changes in working capital. Fluctuations in any of these will impact our cash flows from operating activities recognized in future periods, and cash flows from operating activities in future periods may vary significantly from those in prior periods as a result of these factors.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

CashThere was no cash provided by or used in investing activities for the three months ended months ended March 31, 2023 was $0.1 million, which was entirely composed of cash paid for the transaction costs incurred with the acquisition of Sympazan.2024. Cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 20222023, was $0.4$0.1 million, which wasconsisted entirely composed of cash paid for the transaction costs incurred with the acquisition of Otrexup.
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Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024, was $0.2 million, which consisted entirely of cash used for employees’ withholding tax liability upon the vesting of employee stock awards. Cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023, was $19.0 million, which primarily consisted of (i) $10.5 million in cash payments and $1.1 million of direct transaction cost payments made in connection with the Convertible Note Exchange, (ii) a $6.6 million payment for contingent consideration, and (iii) cash used for employees’ withholding tax liability on stock award releases. Cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $2.4 million, which primarily consisted of a $1.8 million payment for contingent consideration and cash used for employees’ withholding tax liability on stock award releases.

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Contractual Obligations

Our principal material cash requirements consist of obligations related to our debt, our contingent consideration obligation, payments for rebates, returns and discounts, non-cancelable contractual obligations for our purchase commitments, and a non-cancelable leaseleases for our office space. There were no material changes to our material cash requirements from contractual or other obligations outside the ordinary course of business or due to other factors since our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.2023. For a description of our material contractual or other obligations, see “Note 15. Commitments and Contingencies” of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND SIGNIFICANT ESTIMATES

Critical accounting policies are those that require significant judgment and/or estimates by management at the time that the financial statements are prepared such that materially different results might have been reported if other assumptions had been made. We consider certain accounting policies related to revenue recognition, acquisitions, impairment of long-lived assets, contingent consideration obligations, and income taxes to be critical policies. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities. We believe there have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies and significant judgements and estimates since we filed our 2023 Form 10-K. See ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates in our 2023 Form 10-K for further information.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market risk represents the risk of changes in the value of market risk-sensitive instruments caused by fluctuations in interest rates, foreign exchange rates and commodity prices. Changes in these factors could cause fluctuations in our results of operations and cash flows.

Our exposure to interest rate risk relates primarily to our cash equivalents that are from time to time invested in highly liquid money market funds and marketable securities, including U.S. treasury and government agency securities with a maturity date at the time of purchase of three months or less. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve our capital to fund operations. We arealso seek to maximize income from our investments without assuming significant risk. We do not use derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Our cash and investments policy emphasizes liquidity and preservation of principal over other portfolio considerations. We estimate a smaller100 basis point decrease or increase in interest rates during the reporting company,periods presented would not have a material impact on our results of operations and cash flows as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act,March 31, 2024.

We do not have material exposures to foreign exchange rates and therefore are not required to provide the information called for by this Item 3.commodity prices as of March 31, 2024.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report.Quarterly Report. Based on that evaluation, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.effective as of March 31, 2024.

We review and evaluate the design and effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures on an ongoing basis to improve our controls and procedures over time and to correct any deficiencies that we may discover in the future. Our goal is to ensure that our senior management has timely access to all material financial and non-financial information concerning our business. While we believe the present design of our disclosure controls and procedures is effective to achieve our goal, future events affecting our business may cause us to significantly modify our disclosure controls and procedures.

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Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we finalized the process of integrating our acquisition of Spectrum’s operations into our internal control environment.

There were no significantother changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the three months ended March 31, 20232024, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
For a description of our material pending legal proceedings, see “Note 12.15. Commitments and Contingencies - Legal Matters”Contingencies” of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS

We are subject to various risks and uncertainties that could have a material impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition, including those hereby incorporated by reference from Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.2023. Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes to our risk factors since our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.2023. In addition to other information in this report, the following risk factor, together with the risks and uncertainties referenced above, should be considered carefully in evaluating an investment in our securities. If any of these risks or uncertainties actually occurs, our business, results of operations or financial condition would be materially and adversely affected. The risks and uncertainties referenced above including those set forth below, are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties of which we are unaware or that we currently deem immaterial may also become important factors that may harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our abilityWe face risks relating to complete the pending merger with Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Spectrum”) is subjectproduct liability losses and other litigation liability for which we may be unable to closing conditions, including approval by our and Spectrum’s stockholders and the receipt of consents and approvals from governmental authorities, which may impose conditions that could adversely affect usmaintain or cause the merger to be delayed or not completed.obtain adequate protection.

On April 24, 2023,We are or may be involved in various legal proceedings, lawsuits and certain government inquiries and investigations, including with respect to, but not limited to, patent infringement, product liability, personal injury, antitrust matters, securities class action lawsuits, breach of contract, Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement claims, opioid-related matters, promotional practices and compliance with laws relating to the manufacture and sale of controlled substances. For example, we, entered into an agreementalong with other opioid manufacturers and, planoften, distributors, have been named in lawsuits related to the manufacturing, distribution, marketing and promotion of merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Spectrum, whereby we agreed to acquire Spectrum (the “Proposed Merger”). The Proposed Merger is subject to a number of closing conditions as specified in the Merger Agreement. These include, among others, issuing shares of our common stock to Spectrum stockholders, approval by our and Spectrum’s stockholders, the receipt of approvals under certain competition laws and the absence of governmental restraints or prohibitions preventing the consummation of the Proposed Merger. No assurance can be given that the required consents and approvals will be obtained or that the closing conditions will be satisfied in a timely manner or at all. Any delay in completing the Proposed Merger could cause the combined company not to realize, or to be delayed in realizing, some or all of the benefits that we expect to achieve.opioids. In addition, we canhave also received various subpoenas and requests for information related to the distribution, marketing and sale of our former opioid products. Moreover, we have settled coverage litigation with our primary product liability insurer and first excess carrier regarding whether opioid litigation claims noticed by us are covered by our policies with such insurers.We have also signed a confidential settlement term sheet with our former insurance broker to resolve Assertio Therapeutics’ claims against the broker for negligence and breach of fiduciary duty in connection with the broker’s negotiation and procurement of products liability insurance coverage for Assertio Therapeutics.Insurance coverage for pending and future claims relating to our historical commercialization of opioids under our remaining insurance policies is doubtful and such policies may provide no assurance that these conditions will not resultprotection at all for such claims. Further, we are subject to pending antitrust litigationand pending and potential future shareholder litigation relating to the Spectrum Merger and/or the approval and launch of generic indomethacin suppositories in the delay or abandonmentsecond half of the Proposed Merger. The occurrence of2023, and Spectrum is named in several securities class action and shareholder derivative lawsuits filed by former Spectrum stockholders. Such litigation and related matters are described in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 15. Commitments and Contingencies.” If any of these eventslegal proceedings, inquiries or investigations were to result in an adverse outcome, the impact could have a materialan adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition, results of operations and the trading pricecash flows.

We have obtained product liability insurance for sales of our common stock.products and any future clinical trials currently underway, but:

•we may be unable to maintain product liability insurance on acceptable terms;
•we may be unable to obtain product liability insurance for future trials;
•we may be unable to obtain product liability insurance for future products; or
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•our insurance may not provide adequate protection against potential liabilities or may provide no protection at all.

Our inability to obtain or maintain adequate insurance coverage at an acceptable cost could prevent or inhibit the commercialization of our products. Defending a lawsuit could be costly and significantly divert management’s attention from conducting our business. If third parties were to bring a successful product liability or other claims, or series of claims, against us for uninsured liabilities, or in excess of our insured liability limits, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
We did not repurchase any shares of the Company’s common stock during the period covered by this Quarterly Report, except for shares surrendered to us, as reflected in the following table, to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of equity awards.
(a)
Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased (1)

(b) Average Price Paid per Share
(c) Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
(d) Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares (or Units) that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
January 1, 2023 - January 31, 20235,368$4.13N/AN/A
February 1, 2023 - February 28, 2023153,937$4.44N/AN/A
March 1, 2023- March 31, 20232,893$6.21N/AN/A
Total162,198$4.45
                                 
(a) Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased (1)

(b) Average Price Paid per Share
(c) Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
(d) Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares (or Units) that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
January 1, 2024 - January 31, 202471,396$1.12N/AN/A
February 1, 2024 - February 29, 2024152,541$0.80N/AN/A
March 1, 2024- March 31, 20242,890$0.88N/AN/A
Total226,827$0.90

(1) Consists of shares withheld to pay employees’ tax liability in connection with the vesting of restricted stock units granted under our stock-based compensation plans. These shares may be deemed to be “issuer purchases” of shares.

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ITEM 3.6. EXHIBITS
10.1
31.1
31.2
32.1**
32.2**
101.INSInline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema DocumentWith Embedded Linkbase Documents
101.CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL andwith applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibit 101)

(*)**    Furnished herewithHerewith

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SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
Date: May 9, 20236, 2024ASSERTIO HOLDINGS, INC.
  
 /s/ Daniel A. PeisertHeather L. Mason
Heather L. Mason
 Daniel A. Peisert
President andInterim Chief Executive Officer
/s/ Paul SchwichtenbergAjay Patel
Paul SchwichtenbergAjay Patel
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
/s/ Ajay Patel
Ajay Patel
Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
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