UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 20222023

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _________ to _________

Commission File Number: 001-39613

ARRAY logo.jpg

ARRAY TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware83-2747826
(State or Other Jurisdiction)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
3901 Midway Place NEAlbuquerqueNew Mexico87109
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)(505)881-7567

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report) N/A

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.001 par valueARRYNasdaq Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.                     ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).                                         ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerAccelerated filer
Non-accelerated filerSmaller reporting company
Emerging growth company




If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐




Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     ☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:
As of November 7, 2022,3, 2023, there were 150,490,517151,216,480 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, issued and outstanding.




Array Technologies, Inc.
Index to Form 10-Q

3



PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.

Array Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share and share amounts)

September 30, 2022December 31, 2021September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
ASSETSASSETSASSETS
Current assets
Current assets:Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$62,778 $367,670 Cash and cash equivalents$174,010 $133,901 
Accounts receivable, net485,174 236,009 
Inventories, net269,775 205,653 
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $1,418 and $1,888, respectivelyAccounts receivable, net of allowance of $1,418 and $1,888, respectively427,664 421,183 
InventoriesInventories216,018 233,159 
Income tax receivablesIncome tax receivables12,765 9,052 Income tax receivables367 3,532 
Prepaid expenses and otherPrepaid expenses and other41,309 33,649 Prepaid expenses and other45,029 39,434 
Total current assetsTotal current assets871,801 852,033 Total current assets863,088 831,209 
Property, plant and equipment, netProperty, plant and equipment, net20,024 10,692 Property, plant and equipment, net29,521 23,174 
GoodwillGoodwill359,629 69,727 Goodwill426,541 416,184 
Other intangible assets, netOther intangible assets, net384,084 174,753 Other intangible assets, net353,923 386,364 
Deferred tax assets18,785 9,345 
Deferred income tax assetsDeferred income tax assets— 16,466 
Derivative assetsDerivative assets64,130 — 
Other assetsOther assets27,502 26,429 Other assets41,554 32,655 
Total assetsTotal assets$1,681,825 $1,142,979 Total assets$1,778,757 $1,706,052 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Current liabilities
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE PERPETUAL PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYLIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE PERPETUAL PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:Current liabilities:
Accounts payableAccounts payable$199,358 $91,392 Accounts payable$171,730 $170,430 
Accounts payable - related party478 610 
Accrued expenses and otherAccrued expenses and other91,102 38,494 Accrued expenses and other72,638 54,895 
Accrued warranty reserveAccrued warranty reserve4,237 3,192 Accrued warranty reserve2,506 3,690 
Income tax payableIncome tax payable10,587 60 Income tax payable6,143 6,881 
Deferred revenueDeferred revenue154,692 99,575 Deferred revenue100,757 178,922 
Current portion of contingent considerationCurrent portion of contingent consideration— 1,773 Current portion of contingent consideration1,814 1,200 
Current portion of debtCurrent portion of debt47,686 4,300 Current portion of debt38,767 38,691 
Other current liabilitiesOther current liabilities4,981 5,909 Other current liabilities6,155 10,553 
Total current liabilitiesTotal current liabilities513,121 245,305 Total current liabilities400,510 465,262 
Long-term liabilities
Deferred tax liability74,139 — 
Deferred income tax liabilitiesDeferred income tax liabilities69,928 72,606 
Contingent consideration, net of current portionContingent consideration, net of current portion7,113 12,804 Contingent consideration, net of current portion7,805 7,387 
Other long-term liabilitiesOther long-term liabilities9,113 5,557 Other long-term liabilities21,820 14,808 
Long-term warrantyLong-term warranty3,852 — Long-term warranty3,421 1,786 
Long-term debt, net of current portionLong-term debt, net of current portion725,109 711,056 Long-term debt, net of current portion658,879 720,352 
Total long-term liabilities819,326 729,417 
Total liabilities1,332,447 974,722 
1

Array Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited) (continued)
(in thousands, except per share and share amounts)
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)
Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock of $0.001 par value - 500,000 authorized; 400,000 and 350,000 shares issued as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; liquidation preference of $400.0 million and $350.0 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively287,561 237,462 
Stockholders’ equity (deficit)
Preferred stock of $0.001 par value - 4,500,000 shares authorized; none issued as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021— — 
Common stock of $0.001 par value - 1,000,000,000 shares authorized; 150,334,261 and 135,026,940 shares issued as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively150 135 
Additional paid-in capital392,862 202,562 
Accumulated deficit(258,360)(271,902)
Accumulated other comprehensive income(72,835)— 
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)61,817 (69,205)
Total liabilities, redeemable perpetual preferred stock and stockholders’ equity$1,681,825 $1,142,979 
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Total liabilities1,162,363 1,282,201 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock of $0.001 par value - 500,000 authorized; 425,956 and 406,389 shares issued as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively; liquidation preference of $493.1 million and $493.1 million at respective dates337,929 299,570 
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock of $0.001 par value - 4,500,000 shares authorized; none issued at respective dates— — 
Common stock of $0.001 par value - 1,000,000,000 shares authorized; 151,071,429 and 150,513,104 shares issued at respective dates151 150 
Additional paid-in capital407,916 383,176 
Accumulated deficit(153,316)(267,470)
Accumulated other comprehensive income23,714 8,425 
Total stockholders’ equity278,465 124,281 
Total liabilities, redeemable perpetual preferred stock and stockholders’ equity$1,778,757 $1,706,052 

TheSee accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
2



Array Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)

Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
20222021202220212023202220232022
RevenueRevenue$515,024 $188,686 $1,235,475 $633,442 Revenue$350,438 $515,024 $1,234,936 $1,235,475 
Cost of revenue434,801 182,789 1,088,719 560,872 
Cost of revenue:Cost of revenue:
Cost of product and service revenueCost of product and service revenue259,419 434,801 892,696 1,088,719 
Amortization of developed technologyAmortization of developed technology3,640 3,640 10,918 10,918 
Total cost of revenueTotal cost of revenue263,059438,441903,6141,099,637
Gross profitGross profit80,223 5,897 146,756 72,570 Gross profit87,379 76,583 331,322 135,838 
Operating expenses
Operating expenses:Operating expenses:
General and administrativeGeneral and administrative38,911 18,493 107,881 58,279 General and administrative37,432 38,703 115,825 113,064 
Contingent consideration(572)936 (5,981)1,071 
Change in fair value of contingent considerationChange in fair value of contingent consideration190 (572)2,232 (5,981)
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization23,364 5,984 70,405 17,949 Depreciation and amortization9,552 21,258 29,361 63,237 
Total operating expensesTotal operating expenses61,703 25,413 172,305 77,299 Total operating expenses47,174 59,389 147,418 170,320 
Income (loss) from operationsIncome (loss) from operations18,520 (19,516)(25,549)(4,729)Income (loss) from operations40,205 17,194 183,904 (34,482)
Other income (expense)
Other expense, net(399)(297)(27)(497)
Other (expense) income:Other (expense) income:
Other (expense), netOther (expense), net(446)(1,092)(127)(2,295)
Interest incomeInterest income3,425 778 6,124 2,371 
Legal settlementLegal settlement42,750 — 42,750 — Legal settlement— 42,750 — 42,750 
Foreign currency gain (loss)Foreign currency gain (loss)(159)— 1,968 — Foreign currency gain (loss)207 (159)273 1,968 
Change in fair value of derivative assetsChange in fair value of derivative assets116 — (1,140)— 
Interest expenseInterest expense(8,746)(13,109)(23,709)(28,769)Interest expense(13,064)(8,831)(35,372)(23,812)
Total other income (expense)33,446 (13,406)20,982 (29,266)
Income (loss) before income tax (benefit) expense51,966 (32,922)(4,567)(33,995)
Income tax (benefit) expense11,144 (5,361)(18,109)(5,493)
Net income (loss)40,822 (27,561)13,542 (28,502)
Total other (expense) incomeTotal other (expense) income(9,762)33,446 (30,242)20,982 
Income (loss) before taxesIncome (loss) before taxes30,443 50,640 153,662 (13,500)
Income tax expense (benefit)Income tax expense (benefit)7,229 9,996 39,508 (23,183)
Net incomeNet income23,214 40,644 114,154 9,683 
Preferred dividends and accretionPreferred dividends and accretion12,257 5,479 36,045 5,479 Preferred dividends and accretion13,091 12,257 38,359 36,045 
Net income (loss) to common shareholdersNet income (loss) to common shareholders$28,565 $(33,040)$(22,503)$(33,981)Net income (loss) to common shareholders$10,123 $28,387 $75,795 $(26,362)
Income (loss) per common shareIncome (loss) per common shareIncome (loss) per common share
BasicBasic$0.19 $(0.25)$(0.15)$(0.26)Basic$0.07 $0.19 $0.50 $(0.18)
DilutedDiluted$0.19 $(0.25)$(0.15)$(0.26)Diluted$0.07 $0.19 $0.50 $(0.18)
Weighted average number of common shares
Weighted average number of common shares outstandingWeighted average number of common shares outstanding
BasicBasic150,322 130,955 149,604 128,315 Basic151,068 150,322 150,865 149,604 
DilutedDiluted151,382 130,955 149,604 128,315 Diluted152,323 151,382 152,083 149,604 
3



TheArray Technologies, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)

See accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
34



Array Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (unaudited)
(in thousands)

Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
20222021202220212023202220232022
Net income (loss)$40,822 $(27,561)$13,542 $(28,502)
Net incomeNet income$23,214 $40,644 $114,154 $9,683 
Change in foreign currency translation adjustments(1)Change in foreign currency translation adjustments(1)(34,106)— (72,835)— Change in foreign currency translation adjustments(1)(22,495)(30,807)15,289 (19,340)
Comprehensive income (loss)Comprehensive income (loss)$6,716 $(27,561)$(59,293)$(28,502)Comprehensive income (loss)$719 9,837 $129,443 $(9,657)
(1) The tax effect on other comprehensive income is not material.

The
See accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
45



Array Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
(unaudited)
(in thousands)





Three Months Ended September 30, 20222023
Temporary EquityPermanent Equity
Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred StockPreferred StockCommon Stock
SharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmountAdditional Paid-In CapitalAccumulated DeficitAccumulated Other Comprehensive LossTotal Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
Balance at June 30, 2022413 $293,974 — $— 150,279 $150 $401,614 $(299,182)$(38,729)$63,853 
Equity-based compensation— — — — 55 — 4,097 — — 4,097 
Issuance of Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, net of fees— — — — — — (592)— — (592)
Preferred cumulative dividends plus accretion— 12,257 — — — — (12,257)— — (12,257)
Dividends paid(13)(18,670)— — — — — — — — 
Net income— — — — — — — 40,822 — 40,822 
Other comprehensive loss— — — — — — — — (34,106)(34,106)
Balance at September 30, 2022400 $287,561 — $— 150,334 $150 $392,862 $(258,360)$(72,835)$61,817 

5



Array Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) (continued)
(unaudited)
(in thousands)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Temporary EquityPermanent Equity
Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred StockPreferred StockCommon Stock
SharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmountAdditional Paid-In CapitalAccumulated DeficitTotal Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
Balance at June 30, 2021— $— — $— 126,994 $127 $149,893 $(222,440)$(72,420)
Equity-based compensation— — — — — — 2,160 — 2,160 
Issuance of Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, net of fees350 229,799 — — — — — — — 
Issuance of common stock, net— — — — 7,875 104,756 — 104,764 
Preferred cumulative dividends plus accretion— 5,479 — — — — (5,479)— (5,479)
Net loss— — — — — — — (27,561)(27,561)
Balance at September 30, 2021350 $235,278 — $— 134,869 $135 $251,330 $(250,001)$1,464 
Temporary EquityPermanent Equity
Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred StockPreferred StockCommon Stock
SharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmountAdditional Paid-In CapitalAccumulated DeficitAccumulated Other Comprehensive IncomeTotal Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at June 30, 2023419 $324,838 — $— 151,049 $151 $417,624 $(176,530)$46,209 $287,454 
Equity-based compensation— — — — 22 — 3,383 — — 3,383 
Preferred cumulative dividends plus accretion13,091 — — — — (13,091)— — (13,091)
Net income— — — — — — — 23,214 — 23,214 
Other comprehensive loss— — — — — — — — (22,495)(22,495)
Balance at September 30, 2023426 $337,929 — $— 151,071 $151 $407,916 $(153,316)$23,714 $278,465 

6



Array Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) (continued)
(unaudited)
(in thousands)
NineThree Months Ended September 30, 2022
Temporary EquityPermanent Equity
Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred StockPreferred StockCommon Stock
SharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmountAdditional Paid-In CapitalAccumulated DeficitAccumulated Other Comprehensive LossTotal Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
Balance at December 31, 2021350 $237,462 — $— 135,026 $135 $202,562 $(271,902)$— $(69,205)
Equity-based compensation— — — — 161 — 11,454 — — 11,454 
Issuance of Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, net of fees50 32,724 — — — — (1,172)— — (1,172)
Issuance of common stock, net— — — — 15,147 15 216,063 — — 216,078 
Preferred cumulative dividends plus accretion13 36,045 — — — — (36,045)— — (36,045)
Dividends paid(13)(18,670)— — — — — — — — 
Net income— — — — — — — 13,542 — 13,542 
Other comprehensive loss— — — — — — — — (72,835)(72,835)
Balance at September 30, 2022400 $287,561 — $— 150,334 $150 $392,862 $(258,360)$(72,835)$61,817 


Temporary EquityPermanent Equity
Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred StockPreferred StockCommon Stock
SharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmountAdditional Paid-In CapitalAccumulated DeficitAccumulated Other Comprehensive LossTotal Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at June 30, 2022413 $293,974   150,279 $150 $401,614 $(302,863)$11,467 $110,368 
Equity-based compensation— —  — 55 — 4,097 — — 4,097 
Issuance of Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, net of fees— —  — — — (592)— — (592)
Preferred cumulative dividends plus accretion— 12,257  — — — (12,257)— — (12,257)
Dividends paid(13)(18,670) — — — — — — — 
Net income— —  — — — — 40,644 — 40,644 
Other comprehensive loss— —  — — — — — (30,807)(30,807)
Balance at September 30, 2022400 $287,561 — — 150,334 $150 $392,862 $(262,219)$(19,340)$111,453 

7



Array Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) (continued)
(unaudited)
(in thousands)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 20212023
Temporary EquityPermanent Equity
Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred StockPreferred StockCommon Stock
SharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmountAdditional Paid-In CapitalAccumulated DeficitTotal Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
Balance at December 31, 2020— $— — $— 126,994 $127 $140,473 $(221,499)$(80,899)
Equity-based compensation— — — — — — 11,580 — 11,580 
Issuance of Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, net of fees350 229,799 — — — — — — — 
Issuance of common stock, net— — — — 7,875 104,756 — 104,764 
Preferred cumulative dividends plus accretion— 5,479 — — — — (5,479)— (5,479)
Net loss— — — — — — — (28,502)(28,502)
Balance at September 30, 2021350 $235,278 — $— 134,869 $135 $251,330 $(250,001)$1,464 
Temporary EquityPermanent Equity
Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred StockPreferred StockCommon Stock
SharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmountAdditional Paid-In CapitalAccumulated DeficitAccumulated Other Comprehensive IncomeTotal Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at December 31, 2022406 $299,570 — $— 150,513 $150 $383,176 $(267,470)$8,425 $124,281 
Equity-based compensation— — — — 558 11,694 — — 11,695 
Correction of the Capped Call and Put Option errors (see Note 1)— — — — — — 52,914 — — 52,914 
Preferred cumulative dividends plus accretion20 38,359 — — — — (39,868)— — (39,868)
Net income— — — — — — — 114,154 — 114,154 
Other comprehensive income— — — — — — — — 15,289 15,289 
Balance at September 30, 2023426 $337,929 — $— 151,071 $151 $407,916 $(153,316)$23,714 $278,465 

8



Array Technologies, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (continued)
(unaudited)
(in thousands)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Temporary EquityPermanent Equity
Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred StockPreferred StockCommon Stock
SharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmountAdditional Paid-In CapitalAccumulated DeficitAccumulated Other Comprehensive LossTotal Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at December 31, 2021350 $237,462 — $— 135,027 $135 $202,562 $(271,902)$— $(69,205)
Equity-based compensation— — — — 161 — 11,454 — — 11,454 
Issuance of Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, net of fees50 32,724 — — 15,146 15 214,891 — — 214,906 
Preferred cumulative dividends plus accretion13 36,045 — — — — (36,045)— — (36,045)
Dividends paid(13)(18,670)— — — — — — — — 
Net income— — — — — — — 9,683 — 9,683 
Other comprehensive income— — — — — — — — (19,340)(19,340)
Balance at September 30, 2022400 $287,561 — $— 150,334 $150 $392,862 $(262,219)$(19,340)$111,453 


TheSee accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
89



Array Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)
(in thousands)

Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120232022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss)$13,542 $(28,502)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by, (used in) operating activities:
Operating activities:Operating activities:
Net incomeNet income$114,154 $9,683 
Adjustments to net income:Adjustments to net income:
Provision for (recovery of) bad debtsProvision for (recovery of) bad debts660 (574)Provision for (recovery of) bad debts(117)660 
Deferred tax expense(30,928)(7,036)
Deferred tax expense (benefit)Deferred tax expense (benefit)284 (36,002)
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization71,207 19,454 Depreciation and amortization30,318 64,039 
Amortization of developed technologyAmortization of developed technology10,918 10,918 
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costsAmortization of debt discount and issuance costs5,003 13,653 Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs9,123 5,003 
Equity-based compensationEquity-based compensation11,677 11,706 Equity-based compensation11,695 11,677 
Contingent considerationContingent consideration(5,981)1,071 Contingent consideration2,232 (5,981)
Warranty provisionWarranty provision4,341 305 Warranty provision451 4,341 
Provision for inventory obsolescence(2,333)654 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of business acquisition
Write-down of inventoriesWrite-down of inventories4,587 (2,333)
Change in fair value of derivative assetsChange in fair value of derivative assets1,140 — 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of business acquisition:Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of business acquisition:
Accounts receivableAccounts receivable(139,036)(50,840)Accounts receivable(6,364)(139,036)
InventoriesInventories(14,273)(55,321)Inventories12,554 (14,273)
Income tax receivablesIncome tax receivables(3,610)9,676 Income tax receivables3,165 (3,610)
Prepaid expenses and otherPrepaid expenses and other11,146 (5,770)Prepaid expenses and other(2,140)16,329 
Accounts payableAccounts payable42,205 1,948 Accounts payable14,443 42,073 
Accounts payable - related party(132)(1,622)
Accrued expenses and otherAccrued expenses and other41,271 1,683 Accrued expenses and other18,484 41,271 
Warranty paymentsWarranty payments(373)— Warranty payments— (373)
Income tax payableIncome tax payable2,951 (8,185)Income tax payable(738)2,951 
Lease liabilitiesLease liabilities1,914 337 Lease liabilities(8,050)1,914 
Deferred revenueDeferred revenue34,772 (68,474)Deferred revenue(78,165)34,772 
Net cash provided by, (used in) operating activities44,023 (165,837)
Cash flows from investing activities
Net cash provided by operating activitiesNet cash provided by operating activities137,974 44,023 
Investing activities:Investing activities:
Purchase of property, plant and equipmentPurchase of property, plant and equipment(6,690)(2,252)Purchase of property, plant and equipment(11,615)(6,690)
Acquisition of STI, net of cash acquiredAcquisition of STI, net of cash acquired(373,816)— Acquisition of STI, net of cash acquired— (373,816)
Investment in equity security— (11,975)
Net cash used in investing activitiesNet cash used in investing activities(380,506)(14,227)Net cash used in investing activities(11,615)(380,506)
Cash flows from financing activities
Financing activities:Financing activities:
Proceeds from Series A issuanceProceeds from Series A issuance33,098 224,987 Proceeds from Series A issuance— 33,098 
Proceeds from common stock issuanceProceeds from common stock issuance15,885 120,645 Proceeds from common stock issuance— 15,885 
Series A equity issuance costsSeries A equity issuance costs(1,167)(7,195)Series A equity issuance costs(1,509)(1,167)
Common stock issuance costsCommon stock issuance costs(450)(3,873)Common stock issuance costs— (450)
Dividends paid on Series A Preferred(18,670)— 
Dividends on Series A PreferredDividends on Series A Preferred— (18,670)
Payments on revolving credit facilityPayments on revolving credit facility(116,000)(102,000)Payments on revolving credit facility— (116,000)
Proceeds from revolving credit facilityProceeds from revolving credit facility— 116,000 
Proceeds from issuance of other debtProceeds from issuance of other debt39,219 — Proceeds from issuance of other debt60,516 39,219 
Proceeds from revolving credit facility116,000 102,000 
Principal payments on term loan facilityPrincipal payments on term loan facility(73,225)— 
910



Array Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) (continued)
(in thousands)
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120232022
Principal payments on debt(33,286)(132,150)
Contingent consideration(1,483)(7,810)
Debt issuance costs— (6,590)
Net cash provided by financing activities33,146 188,014 
Principal payments on other debtPrincipal payments on other debt(69,024)(33,286)
Contingent consideration paymentsContingent consideration payments(1,200)(1,483)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activitiesNet cash provided by (used in) financing activities(84,442)33,146 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalent balancesEffect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalent balances(1,555)— Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalent balances(1,808)(1,555)
Net change in cash and cash equivalentsNet change in cash and cash equivalents(304,892)7,950 Net change in cash and cash equivalents40,109 (304,892)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of periodCash and cash equivalents, beginning of period367,670 108,441 Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period133,901 367,670 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of periodCash and cash equivalents, end of period$62,778 $116,391 Cash and cash equivalents, end of period$174,010 $62,778 
Supplemental Cash Flow InformationSupplemental Cash Flow InformationSupplemental Cash Flow Information
Cash paid for interestCash paid for interest$36,136 $22,226 
Cash paid for income taxes (net of refunds)Cash paid for income taxes (net of refunds)$36,797 $1,189 
Non-cash Investing and Financing ActivitiesNon-cash Investing and Financing Activities
Dividends accrued on Series A PreferredDividends accrued on Series A Preferred$19,567 $— 
Stock consideration paid for acquisition of STIStock consideration paid for acquisition of STI$200,224 $— Stock consideration paid for acquisition of STI$— $200,224 

TheSee accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
1011

Array Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

1.    Organization, Business and BusinessOut-of-Period Adjustments

Array Technologies, Inc. (the “Company”), formerly ATI Intermediate Holdings, LLC, is a Delaware corporation formed in December 2018 as a wholly owned subsidiary of ATI Investment Parent, LLC (“Former Parent”). On October 14, 2020, the Company converted from a Delaware limited liability company to a Delaware corporation and changed the Company’s name to Array Technologies, Inc. The Company is headquartered in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and manufactures and supplies solar tracking systems and related products for customers across the United States and internationally. The Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, ATI Investment Sub, Inc., owns subsidiaries through which it conducts substantially all operations.

Acquisition of STI Norland
On January 11, 2022, (the “Acquisition Date”), the Company acquired 100% of the share capital of Soluciones Técnicas Integrales Norland, S.L.U., a Spanish private limited liability Company, and its subsidiaries (collectively, “STI”) with cash and common stock of the Company (the “STI Acquisition”). The STI Acquisition was accounted for as a business combination. See Note 3 – Acquisition of STI.

AfterUpon completion of the acquisition of STI Acquisition, the Company began operating as two reportable operating segments: the Array legacy operating segment (the “Array Legacy Operations”) and the newly acquired operations (the “STI Operations”) pertaining to STI.

Out-of-Period Adjustment for the Correction of Errors
During the first quarter of fiscal year 2023, the Company identified certain errors in its previously issued financial statements that have been corrected through a cumulative out-of-period adjustment in the condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The Company has concluded that the errors are not material to the previously issued financial statements and the cumulative out-of-period adjustment for the correction of these errors is not material to the financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Below is a summary of each of the errors corrected and a summary of the cumulative impact.

Capped Calls
As discussed in Note 10 – Debt of the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 22, 2023, in November 2021 the Company paid $52.9 million to enter into capped call option agreements (the “Capped Calls”) to reduce the potential dilution to holders of the Company’s common stock after a conversion of the Company’s Convertible Notes (as defined below). The Company originally concluded that the Capped Calls met the criteria for equity classification because the Capped Calls are indexed to the Company’s common stock, and the Company has discretion to settle the Capped Calls in shares or cash. As a result, the Company originally recorded the amount paid for the Capped Calls as a reduction to additional paid-in capital of $52.9 million, offset by $12.4 million of income taxes.

When the Company entered into the Capped Calls, the Company executed certain side letters (the “Side Letters”) with the counterparties that replaced some of the terms described in the primary contract including the volatility inputs used to value the Capped Calls under certain circumstances. Upon further evaluation, the Company has concluded that the modification to the volatility inputs precludes the Capped Calls from being
12

Array Technologies, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
indexed to its own stock because there is the possibility that the Capped Calls will settle at an amount that exceeds fair value and, therefore, prevents the Capped Calls from being classified as equity.

In addition, the Side Letters also provide for certain adjustments to settlement amounts on the basis of holder-specific taxes which are impermissible inputs to the valuation that also prevents the Capped Calls from being indexed to the Company’s own stock, and therefore, prevents the Capped Calls from being classified as equity. As a result, for the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company has concluded that the cash paid for the Capped Calls should have been recorded as an asset of $52.9 million with the asset being subsequently marked to market at the end of each accounting period.

Additional Closing Purchased Put Option
As discussed in Note 11 – Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, of the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 22, 2023, in August 2021 the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “SPA”) with certain Purchasers (as defined below), which gives the Company the option to require the Purchasers to purchase up to an additional 150,000 shares of Series A Shares (as defined below) and up to 3,375,000 shares of common stock for $148.0 million until June 30, 2023 (the “Put Option”), which has expired. Upon issuance of the Put Option, the Company recorded a reduction to additional paid-in-capital of approximately $12.4 million because the Company originally concluded that the Put Option should be classified as equity.

During the first quarter of 2023, the Company reconsidered the provisions of this option. Because the Series A Shares underlying the Put Option could potentially require redemption under the Certificate of Designations governing the Series A Shares, the Put Option should not have been equity classified. As a result, during the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company has concluded that the value of the Put Option at inception should have been recorded as an asset of $12.4 million, with the asset being subsequently marked to market at the end of each accounting period.

Correction of the Capped Calls and Put Option
The adjustments to correct the Capped Calls and the Put Option at January 1, 2023 resulted in an increase in Derivative assets of $55.7 million, a decrease in Deferred income tax assets of $11.0 million, an increase in additional paid-in-capital of $52.9 million, and a decrease in net income of $8.1 million.

Goodwill
In connection with the acquisition of STI, the Company had understated goodwill by $2.0 million and overstated inventory by the same amount that was sold during fiscal 2022. The Company corrected the goodwill balance during the first quarter of fiscal year 2023, resulting in an increase in goodwill and a decrease in cost of goods sold.

2.    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Accounting and Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).SEC. The unaudited interim financial
13


statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited annual financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair statement of results for the interim periods reported. The results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20222023, are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 20222023, or any other interim periods, or any future year or period. The balance sheet as of December 31, 20212022, included herein was derived from the audited financial statements as of that date. Certain disclosures have been condensed or omitted from the interim financial statements. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements included in the 2022 Annual Report.

Unless expressly stated or the context otherwise requires, the terms “the Company”, “we”, “us”, “our”, “Array”, and “Array Technologies” refer to Array Technologies, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, and the term “condensed consolidated financial statements” refers to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained in this Quarterly Report.

Reclassifications
Beginning in the third quarter of 2023, the Company reclassified amounts recorded for amortization of certain acquired intangible assets in prior presentations from Total operating expenses under the caption "Depreciation and amortization" to Total cost of revenue under the caption "Amortization of developed technology" in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company believes this presentation enhances the comparability of the Company’s Annual Reportfinancial statements to industry peers.

These reclassifications resulted in $3.6 million and $10.9 million recorded to Amortization of developed technology within Total cost of revenue and a $3.6 million and $10.9 million decrease to Depreciation and amortization within Total operating expenses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

These reclassifications did not impact the Company’s operating income (loss), net income (loss) or earnings (loss) per share for any current or historical periods. These reclassifications also did not impact the condensed consolidated balance sheets or condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

Beginning in the third quarter of 2023, revenue excludes a $20.1 million Brazil value-added tax benefit, Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Servicos (“ICMS”), that has been reclassified and included in cost of revenues in the current year. This reclassification was determined to be appropriate after we evaluated the expected accounting treatment related to future governmental incentives under the Inflation Reduction Act. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, an ICMS benefit of $8.2 million was included in revenues.

This reclassification had no impact on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 6, 2022, as amended byCompany’s gross profit, income (loss) from operations, net income or income (loss) per common share in the Form 10-K/A filed withcurrent period. These reclassifications also did not impact the SEC on April 6, 2022 (the “2021 Annual Report”).condensed consolidated balance sheets or condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

Principles of Consolidation
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

1114


Use of Estimates
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, andthe disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenuerevenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates include evaluation for any impairment of goodwill, impairment of long-lived assets, fair value of contingent consideration, Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock and the related future tranche, allowance for credit losses, reserve for excess or obsolete inventories, valuation of deferred tax assets and warranty reserve.

Actual results may differ from previously estimated amounts, and such differences may be material to the condensed consolidated financial statements; however, management believes that these estimates and assumptions provide a reasonable basis for the fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically, and the effects of revisions are reflected in the period they occur.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic
The Company continues to closely monitor the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in all the locations where it operates. The Company’s priority remains the welfare of its employees. The Company expects persistent waves of COVID-19, including variants of the virus, to remain a headwind into the near future. The duration and extent to which it will continue to adversely impact the Company’s business and results of operations remain uncertain and could be material.

The Company believes it has sufficient liquidity and financing options available and expects to have sufficient liquidity to operate for the next 12 months. The Company expects to use cash generated from operations and if needed, can access funds from the Revolving Credit Facility (as defined below). The Company also has $100 million in delayed draw ability under the Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock (as defined below) future draw commitment; however, such a draw would increase the Company’s dividend obligations and outstanding common stock and failure to draw the delayed commitments will result in interest expense payable by the Company. See Note 13 – Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock. The Revolving Credit Facility has $166.6 million of availability.

Impact of the Ongoing Russian-Ukraine Conflict in Ukraine
The ongoing Russian-Ukraine conflict in Ukraine has reduced the availability of material that can be sourced in Europe and, as a result, increased logistics costs for the procurement of certain inputs and materials used in our products. We do not know the ultimate severity or duration of the conflict, in Ukraine, but we continue to monitor the situation and evaluate our procurement strategy and supply chain as to reduce any negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Inflation
The Company could see anInflationary pressures are expected to persist, at least in the near-term, and may negatively impact from elevated inflationour results of operations. To mitigate the inflationary pressures on our business, we have implemented selective price increases in certain markets, accelerated productivity initiatives and other operating costs. Interest rates have increased quickly and substantially as central banks in developed countries raise interest rates in an effortexpanded our supplier base, while continuing to subdue inflation, while government deficits and debt remain at high levels in many global markets. The eventual implications of higher government deficits and debt, tighter monetary policy, and potentially higher long-term interest rates may drive a higherexecute on overhead cost of capital during our forecast period.containment practices.

12


Business Combinations
The Company accounts for its business acquisitions under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805 Business Combinations (“ASC 805”). The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management’s judgment and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including assumptions with respect to future cash inflows and outflows, discount rates, asset lives, and market multiples, amongst other items.

Foreign Currency Translation Exposure
For non-U.S.The functional currencies of certain of our foreign subsidiaries that operate in aare their local currency environment,currencies. Accordingly, we apply period-end exchange rates to translate their assets and liabilities, are translated into the U.S. dollar at period endhistorical exchange rates. Income, expenserates to translate their retained earnings, and cash flow items are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the period. Translationperiod to translate their revenues, expenses, gains, and losses into U.S. dollars. We include the associated translation adjustments for these subsidiaries are accumulated as a separate component of accumulated“Accumulated other comprehensive income in(loss)” within stockholders’ equity. For non-U.S.

Certain of our foreign subsidiaries have local currencies that use a U.S. dollarare different than the subsidiaries functional currencies. When translating from the local currency to the functional currency, local currency inventories and property, plant and equipment are translated into U.S. dollars at rates prevailing when acquired, and all othermonetary assets and liabilities are translated at period endthe current exchange rates. Inventories charged to cost of revenuerate resulting in foreign exchange gains or losses, and depreciation are remeasured at historical rates, and all other income and expense itemsnon-monetary assets are translated at averagehistorical exchange rates. Changes in the exchange rates prevailing duringbetween the period. Gainsfunctional
15


currencies of our subsidiaries and lossesthe currencies in which monetary financial assets and liabilities are denominated, will create fluctuations in our reported condensed consolidated statements of operations and cash flows.

Derivative Financial Instruments
Both the Capped Call and the Put Option are accounted for as assets that are recorded at fair value within Derivative assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The changes in fair value to Derivative assets are recorded within change in fair value of derivative assets on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 1 – Organization, Business and Out-of-Period Adjustments, for further information. As of June 30, 2023, the Put Option has expired and as a result, from remeasurement are included in earnings.the fair value of the Put Option is $0.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Adopted
In October 2021,March 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU 2020-04”). ASU 2020-04 contains practical expedients for reference rate reform related activities that impact debt, leases, derivatives and other contracts. The guidance in ASU 2020-04 is optional and may be elected over time as reference rate reform activities occur. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08,2022-06, Business CombinationsReference Rate Reform (Topic 805)848): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract LiabilitiesDeferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848, to provide entities with relief during the transition period by deferring the effective date of reference rate reform from Contracts with Customers (“December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024. ASU 2021-08”). ASU 2021-08 requires2022-06 is effective upon issuance. During the company acquiring contract assets and contract liabilities obtained in a business combination to recognize and measure them in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). Atthree months ended March 31, 2023, the acquisition date, the company acquiring the business should record related revenue, as if it had originated the contract. Before the recent update, such amounts were recognized by the acquiring company at fair value. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including in interim periods, for any financial statements that have not yet been issued. The Company early adopted ASU 2021-082020-04 and ASU 2022-06. Simultaneously, the Company elected to apply the debt accounting optional expedient, under which the reporting entity will account for amendments to debt agreements, which sole intent are the replacement of a discontinued reference rate(s), as being not substantial and thus a continuation of January 1, 2022. See the existing contractNote 3 – Acquisition of STI. for further information and disclosuresThere was no significant impact to the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements related to the STI Acquisition.adoption of ASU 2020-04 and ASU 2022-06. The standard was appliedCompany continues to evaluate the impact of the ASU 2020-04 guidance and may apply other elections, as applicable, as additional changes in the market occur.

In March 2023, the Company amended an existing debt agreement to replace the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) interest rate provisions with interest rate provisions based on a forward-looking term rate based on the secured overnight funding rate (“SOFR”) (see Note 7 – Debt). There were no other changes to the acquisition accounting for STI. A review of the deferred revenue of the acquiree of $20.3 millionagreement. There was reviewed for consistency in application withno significant impact to the Company’s policies and U.S. GAAP and the contract liability balance was carried over at its carrying value.condensed consolidated financial statements.

3.    Acquisition of STIInventories

On the Acquisition Date, the Company completed the STI Acquisition pursuant to the purchase agreement, dated November 10, 2021, by and among Amixa Capital, S.L. and Aurica Trackers, S.L., each a company duly organized under the laws of the Kingdom of Spain (together, the “Sellers”) and Mr. Javier Reclusa Etayo (the “STI Purchase Agreement”). The STI Acquisition was funded primarily with borrowings from the Convertible Notes (as defined below) and the issuance of Series A redeemable perpetual preferred stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock”). The STI Acquisition provided the Company with an immediate presence in Brazil, Western Europe and South Africa. Transaction
13


expenses incurred in connection with the acquisition are $5.6 million recorded in the general and administrative line item on the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. In accordance with the STI Purchase Agreement, the Company paid closing consideration to the Sellers consisting of $410.5 million in cash and 13,894,800 shares of the Company’s common stock. The fair value of the purchase consideration was $610.8 million and resulted in the Company owning 100% of the interests in STI. The Company has performed a valuation of the acquisition assets and liabilities and determined the related accounting impact.

The purchase price consideration to acquire STIInventories consisted of the following (in thousands):

Cash consideration for STI$409,647 
Cash consideration for transaction expenses of STI896 
Total cash consideration410,543 
Non-cash equity consideration200,224 
Total consideration transferred610,767 
Total purchase price consideration$610,767 

The STI Acquisition was accounted for as a business combination applying ASC 805. The equity consideration transferred consisted of the Company’s common stock and was measured at fair value based on the closing stock price on the Acquisition Date. The purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on management’s estimate of the respective fair values at the Acquisition Date. Goodwill was calculated as the excess of the consideration transferred over the net assets recognized and represents the estimated future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. The factors contributing to the recognition of goodwill were the expected synergies of the combined entities that are expected to be realized from the STI Acquisition. None of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.

14


The following table summarizes the preliminary estimates of fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the Acquisition Date (in thousands):

Preliminary Fair Value of Net Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed:Acquisition DateMeasurement AdjustmentSeptember 30, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents$36,725 $— $36,725 
Accounts receivable110,789 — 110,789 
Inventories47,517 — 47,517 
Prepaid expenses and other23,399 — 23,399 
Property, plant and equipment4,434 — 4,434 
Other intangible assets318,365 — 318,365 
Other assets325 — 325 
Total assets acquired$541,554 $— $541,554 
Accounts payable65,761 — 65,761 
Deferred revenue20,345 — 20,345 
Short-term debt44,338 — 44,338 
Other liabilities10,115 — 10,115 
Income tax payable7,576 — 7,576 
Deferred tax liability93,823 7,611 101,434 
Other long-term liabilities4,524 — 4,524 
Long-term debt12,053 — 12,053 
Total liabilities assumed$258,535 $7,611 $266,146 
Preliminary fair value of net assets acquired283,019 275,408 
Preliminary allocation to goodwill$327,748 $335,359 

The preliminary purchase price allocation was based upon a preliminary valuation, and the Company’s estimates and assumptions are subject to change within the measurement period (defined as the twelve months following the Acquisition Date). The preliminary estimates of the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were estimated to approximate carrying values since they are short term in nature, and they are receivable or payable on demand. These assets and liabilities were cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other, accounts payable, other liabilities, and deferred revenue. The primary areas of the preliminary purchase price allocation that are not yet finalized relate to the valuation of identifiable intangible assets acquired, the fair value of certain tangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed as well as the tax impact. The Company expects to continue to obtain information for the purpose of determining the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the Acquisition Date throughout the remainder of the measurement period. The purchase price allocation is subject to further adjustment until all pertinent information regarding the assets acquired is fully evaluated by the Company, including but not limited to, the fair value accounting. For assets and liabilities excluded from the scope of the intangible asset and property, plant and equipment valuation, the Company considered net book value to be a reasonable proxy as of the Acquisition Date.

15


The preliminary purchase price allocation includes $318.4 million of acquired identifiable intangible assets.

Estimated Fair ValueEstimated Weighted Average Useful Life in Years
(in thousands, except useful lives)
Backlog$51,165 1
Customer relationships238,770 10
Trade name28,430 20
Total$318,365 

The preliminary fair value of the identifiable intangible assets has been estimated using the Excess Earnings Method (customer relationships and backlog) and Relief from Royalty Method (trade name). Significant inputs using the Excess Earnings Method and Level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy include estimated revenue, expenses based on actuals and forecast, and a discount rate based on a weighted average cost of capital for customer relationships of 15% for Spain, 16.5% for Brazil and 14.0% for Spain foreign sourced projects and for order backlog of 8.5% for Spain, 9.5% for Brazil and 7.5% for Spain foreign sourced projects. Significant inputs to the Relief from Royalty method model include estimates of future revenue, economic life, estimated royalty rate of 1.25%, and a discount rate based on a weighted average cost of capital 15.2%. The weighted average cost of capital was determined based on the Company’s capital structure, cost of capital, inherent business risk profile and long-term growth expectations. The intangible assets are being amortized over their estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis that reflects the economic benefit of the asset. The determination of the useful lives is based upon various industry studies, historical acquisition experience, economic factors, and future forecasted cash flows of the Company following the STI Acquisition.

The amounts of revenue and net loss of STI included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations from the Acquisition Date through September 30, 2022 are $237.2 million and $14.1 million, respectively.

Pro Forma Financial Information (Unaudited)
The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations of the Company and STI as if the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2021, after giving effect to certain unaudited pro forma adjustments. The unaudited pro forma adjustments reflected herein include only those adjustments that are directly attributable to the STI Acquisition including amortization of intangibles, debt financing expenses and tax benefits. The unaudited pro forma financial information does not reflect any adjustments for anticipated expense savings resulting from the STI Acquisition and is not necessarily indicative of the operating results that would have actually occurred had the STI Acquisition been consummated on January 1, 2021.

Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(in millions)2022202120222021
Revenue$515.0 $480.1 $1,243.0 $764.8 
Net income (loss)$52.1 $(22.7)$48.7 $(44.6)
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Raw materials$133,726 $66,574 
Finished goods82,292 166,585 
Inventories$216,018 $233,159 

16


4.    Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consists of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Accounts receivable$485,869 $236,149 
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts(695)(140)
Accounts receivable, net$485,174 $236,009 

5.Inventories

Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Raw materials$166,260 $85,470 
Finished goods108,597 127,598 
Reserve for excess or obsolete inventory(5,082)(7,415)
Total$269,775 $205,653 

6.Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands, except useful lives):
Estimated Useful Lives (Years)September 30, 2022December 31, 2021Estimated Useful Lives (Years)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
LandLandN/A$1,563 $1,340 LandN/A$1,612 $1,583 
Buildings and land improvementsBuildings and land improvements15-397,318 2,451 Buildings and land improvements15-399,034 7,411 
Manufacturing equipmentManufacturing equipment717,893 13,924 Manufacturing equipment722,223 18,983 
Furniture, fixtures and equipmentFurniture, fixtures and equipment5-73,341 476 Furniture, fixtures and equipment5-74,567 3,583 
VehiclesVehicles5527 161 Vehicles5666 585 
Hardware and softwareHardware and software3-52,487 1,683 Hardware and software3-56,161 3,706 
Assets in progressAssets in progress3,684 1,880 Assets in progressN/A6,083 5,142 
TotalTotal36,813 21,915 Total50,346 40,993 
Less: accumulated depreciationLess: accumulated depreciation(16,789)(11,223)Less: accumulated depreciation(20,825)(17,819)
Property, plant and equipment, netProperty, plant and equipment, net$20,024 $10,692 Property, plant and equipment, net$29,521 $23,174 

Depreciation expense was $0.7$0.9 million and $0.6$0.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 20222023 and 2021,2022, respectively, of which $0.4 million and $0.5 million, respectively, was allocated toincluded in cost of revenue in both periods and $0.3 million and $0.1 million, respectively, was included in depreciation and amortization in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

Depreciation expense was $1.8 million and $1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, of which $1.2 million and $1.5 million, respectively, was allocated to cost of revenue and $0.6$0.5 million and $0.3 million, respectively, was included in depreciation and amortization, inon the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operationsoperations.

Depreciation expense was $2.4 million and $1.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, of which $1.0 million and 2021.$1.2 million, respectively, was included in cost of revenue and $1.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively, was included in depreciation and amortization on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

17


7.5.    Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net

Goodwill
Prior to the STI Acquisition, goodwill, related to Former Parent’s acquisition of the Company, was recorded as $121.6 million and was subsequently impaired. Total accumulated impairment as of September 30, 2022 was $51.9 million.

The Company recorded an additional $335.4 million of goodwill as a result of the STI Acquisition and the Company’s reporting units became Array Legacy Operations and the newly acquired STI Operations, which had goodwill of $69.7 million and $289.9 million, respectively, at September 30, 2022 and $69.7 million and zero, respectively, at December 31, 2021. Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by operating segment during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 are shown below2023, consisted of the following (in thousands):
Array Legacy Operations SegmentSTI Operations SegmentTotal
Beginning Balance$69,727 $— $69,727 
Acquisition of STI— 335,359 $335,359 
Foreign currency impact— (45,457)$(45,457)
Ending Balance$69,727 $289,902 $359,629 
Array Legacy Operations(1)
STI OperationsTotal
Beginning balance$69,727 $346,457 $416,184 
Adjustment to goodwill (see Note 1)— 2,000 2,000 
Foreign currency translation— 8,357 8,357 
Ending balance$69,727 $356,814 $426,541 
(1) Goodwill attributable to Array Legacy Operations is net of impairment of $51.9 million.

Each quarter the Company evaluates if facts and circumstances indicate that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of its reporting units is less than their carrying value, which would require the Company to perform an interim goodwill impairment test. During the quarter ended March 31, 2022, the Company determined it was necessary to perform an interim goodwillour most recent evaluation, we concluded there were no indicators of impairment test for the Array Legacy Operations reporting unit. The Company performed a quantitative goodwill impairment test and determined the estimated fair valueas of the reporting unit exceeded the carrying value assigned to that reporting unit; as a result, goodwill was not impaired.September 30, 2023.

1817



Other Intangible Assets, Net
Other intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands, except useful lives):
Estimated Useful Lives (Years)September 30, 2022December 31, 2021Estimated Useful Lives (Years)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Amortizable:Amortizable:Amortizable:
Costs:
Developed technologyDeveloped technology14$203,800 $203,800 Developed technology14$203,800 $203,800 
Customer relationshipsCustomer relationships10295,405 89,500 Customer relationships10327,008 321,935 
BacklogBacklog144,132 — Backlog152,443 51,015 
Trade nameTrade name2024,518 — Trade name2026,014 25,682 
Total amortizable intangiblesTotal amortizable intangibles567,855 293,300 Total amortizable intangibles609,265 602,432 
Accumulated amortization:Accumulated amortization:Accumulated amortization:
Developed technologyDeveloped technology90,709 79,790 Developed technology105,265 94,347 
Customer relationshipsCustomer relationships70,606 49,057 Customer relationships105,697 81,268 
BacklogBacklog31,794 — Backlog52,443 49,507 
Trade nameTrade name962 — Trade name2,237 1,246 
Total accumulated amortizationTotal accumulated amortization194,071 128,847 Total accumulated amortization265,642 226,368 
Total amortizable intangibles, netTotal amortizable intangibles, net373,784 164,453 Total amortizable intangibles, net343,623 376,064 
Non-amortizable costs:
Non-amortizable:Non-amortizable:
Trade nameTrade name10,300 10,300 Trade name10,300 10,300 
Total other intangible assets, netTotal other intangible assets, net$384,084 $174,753 Total other intangible assets, net$353,923 $386,364 

Amortization expense related to intangible assets amounted to $23.2was $12.6 million and $5.9$24.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, of which $3.6 million was included in amortization of developed technology, a component of cost of revenue, in both periods and 2021, respectively, and $69.8$9.0 million and $17.6$21.0 million, respectively, was included in depreciation and amortization, on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $38.8 million and $73.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, of which $10.9 million was included in amortization of developed technology, a component of cost of revenue, in both periods and 2021, respectively.$27.9 million and $62.6 million, respectively, was included in depreciation and amortization, on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Estimated future annual amortization expense for the above amortizable intangible assets for the remaining periods through September 30, as follows (in thousands):
Amount
2022$22,365 
202346,633 
202445,328 
202545,328 
202641,021 
Thereafter173,109 
$373,784 


1918


Estimated future amortization expense of intangible assets as of September 30, 2023, is as follows (in thousands):
Amount
Remainder of 2023$12,384 
202449,538 
202549,538 
202645,232 
202740,588 
Thereafter146,343 
$343,623 

Long-lived assets, including both amortizable and non-amortizable intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2022, the Company determined it was necessary to review long-lived assets, including intangible assets related to the Array Legacy Operations reporting unit, for impairment. The Company determined the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use As of the asset group and its eventual dispositionSeptember 30, 2023, no events or circumstances were greater thannoted that would indicate the carrying amount and therefore concluded there was no impairment.of any of our asset groups may not be recoverable.

8.Investment in Equity Security

The Company made a $10.0 million and $2.0 million investment in preferred stock of a private company in February 2021 and April 2021, respectively. The investment is accounted for in accordance with ASC Topic 321 Investments—Equity Securities at its cost, less any impairment. The investment balance as of September 30, 2022 was $12.0 million and is recorded in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. There is no impairment recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

9.6.    Income Taxes

The Company follows guidance under ASC Topic 740-270 Income Taxes, which requires that an estimated annual effective tax rate is applied to year-to-date ordinary income (loss). At the end of each interim period, the Company estimates the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for the full fiscal year. The tax effect of discrete items is recorded in the quarter in which the discrete events occur.

The Company recorded income tax expense (benefit) of $11.1$7.2 million and $(5.4)$10.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 20222023 and 2021,2022, respectively, and income taxan expense (benefit) of $(18.1)$39.5 million and $5.5a benefit of $23.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 20222023 and 2021,2022, respectively. The income tax expense infor the threenine months ended September 30, 2022 includes tax expense of $8.7 million on the legal settlement income which was recorded discretely in the quarter. The tax, excluding the legal settlement, was favorably impacted by non-taxable contingent income, and mix of income by jurisdiction. The tax benefit in the three months ended September 30, 20212023, was unfavorably impacted by non-deductible amounts forhigher income in non-U.S. jurisdictions and an increase in income tax expense related to the Put Option (see Note 1 – Organization, Business and Out-of-Period Adjustments), partially offset by benefits related to excess equity-based compensation and follow-on offering costs.

deductions recorded discretely. The tax benefit inexpense for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, includes tax expense of $8.7 million on the legal settlement which was recorded discretely in the quarter. The tax on the loss, excluding the legal settlement, was favorably impacted by mix of earnings bylosses in non-U.S. jurisdictions which have higher tax rates than the U.S., partially offset by non-deductible amounts for officers’ compensation and transaction costs. The tax benefit inexpenses.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was unfavorably impacted by non-deductible equity based compensation as well as initial public offering2023 and secondary offering costs.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021, no reserves for uncertain tax positions have been recorded. The Company will continue to monitor this position each interim period.

In August 2022, the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act (“IRA”) was enacted into law. The IRA contains a number of revisions to the Internal Revenue Code that generally take effect in tax years beginning after December 31, 2022. The Company is in the process of evaluating provisions included under the IRA and its impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
2019


10.7.    Senior Secured Credit FacilityDebt

Long-term senior secured credit facility consisted ofThe following table summarizes the followingCompany’s total debt (in thousands):
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Term loan facility$323,550 $326,775 
Revolving credit facility— — 
323,550 326,775 
Less discount and issuance costs(20,169)(23,291)
Long-term portion, net of debt discount and issuance costs303,381 303,484 
Less current portion of credit facility(4,300)(4,300)
Long-term senior secured facility debt, net of current portion, debt discount and issuance costs$299,081 $299,184 
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Senior Secured Credit Facility:
Term loan facility$239,250 $312,475 
Revolving credit facility— — 
Total secured credit facility239,250 312,475 
Convertible notes425,000 425,000 
Other debt55,278 51,951 
Total principal719,528 789,426 
Unamortized discount and issuance costs, total(21,882)(30,383)
Current portion of debt(38,767)(38,691)
Total long-term debt, net of current portion$658,879 $720,352 

Senior Secured Credit Facility
On October 14, 2020, the Company entered into a credit agreement (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”) governing the Company’s senior secured credit facility, which was amended on February 23, 2021 (the “First Amendment”) and again on February 26, 2021 (the “Second Amendment”). The senior secured facility consisted originallyconsisting of (i) a $575 million senior secured 7-year term loan facility (the “Term Loan Facility”) and (ii) a $150$200 million senior secured 5-year revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility” and, together with the Term Loan Facility, the “Senior Secured Credit Facility”). The FirstCredit Agreement was amended on February 23, 2021 (the “First Amendment”), on February 26, 2021 (the “Second Amendment”) and again on March 2, 2023 (the “Third Amendment”). The single purpose of the Third Amendment in March 2023 was to replace the case of Eurocurrency borrowings, lowered the London interbank offered rate floor to 50 basis points from 100 basis points and lowered the applicable margin to 325 basis points from 400 basis points per annum. This resulted in the current rate on the Term Loan Facility decreasing to 3.75% down from 5% prior to the First Amendment. The Second Amendment increased the $150.0 million Revolvingformer discontinued Senior Secured Credit Facility from $150.0 million to $200.0 million.reference rate of LIBOR, with the comparable active reference rate, SOFR. There were no other changes as a result of the Third Amendment.

Revolving Credit Facility
Under the Revolving Credit Facility, the Company had no outstanding balance as of both September 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021, respectively, $33.42022, $24.9 million and $13.6$38.8 million in standby letters of credit at September 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, respectively, and availability of $166.6$175.1 million and $186.4$161.2 million at September 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, respectively. TheIn accordance with the Third Amendment, the Revolving Credit Facility pays interest depending onat the contracted rateCompany’s election, at either (x) for the loan which is either for the Eurocurrency RateSOFR Loans at LIBORAdjusted Term SOFR (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus 3.25% andor (y) for Base Rate Loans at the higher of the Prime Rate, 1/2one half of 1%1.00% above the Federal Funds Rate or the Eurocurrency rate for the Dollar depositsAdjusted Term SOFR for one month interest period, after giving effect to any floor plus 1%1.00%, plus 2.25%.

Term Loan Facility
The Term Loan Facility had a balance of $323.6$239.3 million and $326.8$312.5 million as of September 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, respectively. The balance of the Term Loan Facility is presented in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets, net of debt discount and issuance costs of $20.2$12.0 million and $23.3$19.1 million as of September 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, respectively. In accordance with the Third Amendment, the Term Loan Facility pays interest at the Company’s election, at either (x) for SOFR Loans at Adjusted Term SOFR (subject to a floor of 0.50%) plus 3.25% or (y) for Base Rate Loans at the higher of the
20


Prime Rate, one half of 1.00% above the Federal Funds Rate or the Adjusted Term SOFRfor one-month interest period, after giving effect to any floor plus 1.00%, plus 2.25%. The debt discount and issuance costs are being amortized using the effective interest method and the effective interest rate of the Term Loan Facility as of September 30, 2022 is 6.75%2023, was 9.95%. The Term Loan Facility has an annual excess cash flow calculation, for which the prescribed formula did not result in requiring the Company to make an advance principal payment for the year ended December 31, 2021.

2022.
21


11.    Convertible Debt

Convertible debt consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
1.00% Senior unsecured convertible notes$425,000 $425,000 
Less: unamortized discount and issuance costs(11,721)(13,137)
1.00% Senior unsecured convertible notes, net (1)
$413,279 $411,863 
(1) Effective interest rate for the Convertible Notes as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was 1.5%.

On December 3, 2021 and December 9, 2021, the Company completed a $425.0 million private offering of $375($375 million and $50 million, over allotment, respectively, in aggregate principal amountrespectively), of its 1.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2028 (the “Convertible Notes”), resulting in proceeds of $364.7$413.3 million ($364.7 million and $48.6 million, respectively,respectively), after deducting the original issue discount of 2.75%. The Convertible Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated December 3, 2021, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee.

The Convertible Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and will mature on December 1, 2028, unless earlier converted, redeemed, or repurchased. The Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of 1.00% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on June 1, 2022. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the principal balance of the Convertible Notes was $425.0 million with unamortized discount and issuance costs of $9.8 million and $11.3 million, respectively, for a net carrying amount of $415.2 million and $413.8 million, respectively.

The conversion rate for the Notes was initially 41.9054 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, which was equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $23.86 per share of common stock or 10.1 million shares of common stock. The Convertible Notes were not convertible during the nine months ended September 30, 20222023, and none have been converted to date. Also, given that the average market price of the Company’s common stock has not exceeded the exercise price since inception, there was no dilutive impact for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.2023.

Capped Calls

In connection with the issuances of the Convertible Notes, the Company paid $52.9 million, in aggregate, to enter into capped call option agreements to reduce the potential dilution to holders of the Company’s common stock after a conversion of the Convertible Notes. Specifically, upon the exercise of the capped callCapped Call instruments issued pursuant to the agreements (the “Capped Calls”), the Company would receive shares of its common stock equal to approximately 17.8 million shares (a) multiplied by (i) the lower of $36.0200 or the then-current market price of its common stock, less (ii) the applicable exercise price, $23.86, and (b) divided by the then-current market price of its common stock. The results of this formula are that the Company would receive more shares as the market price of its common stock exceeds the exercise price and approaches the cap, which was initially $36.0200$36.02 per share.

Consequently, if the Convertible Notes are converted, then the number of shares to be issued by the Company would be effectively partially offset by the shares of common stock received by the Company under the Capped Calls as they are exercised. The formula above would be adjusted in the event of certain specified extraordinary events affecting the Company, includingincluding: a merger; a tender offer; nationalization, insolvency or delisting of the Company’s common stock; changes in law; failure to deliver; insolvency filing; stock splits, combinations, dividends, repurchases or similar events; or an announcement of certain of the preceding actions.
2221



The Company can also elect to receive the equivalent value of cash in lieu of shares of common stock upon settlement, except in certain circumstances. The Capped Calls expire on December 1, 2028, and terminate upon the occurrence of certain extraordinary events such as a merger, tender offer, nationalization, insolvency, delisting, event of default, a change in law, failure to deliver, an announcement of certain of these events, or an early conversion of the Convertible Notes. Although intended to reduce the net number of shares of common stock issued after a conversion of the Convertible Notes, the Capped Calls were separately negotiated transactions, are not a part of the terms of the Convertible Notes, and do not affect the rights of the holders of the Convertible Notes. The Capped Calls meetSee Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for information regarding the criteria for equity classification because they are indexed to the Company’s common stock and the Company has discretion to settle the Capped Calls in shares or cash. As a result, the amount paidaccounting for the Capped Calls was recorded as a reductionCalls.

Other Debt
Other debt consists of the debt obligations of STI. Interest rates on other debt range from 0.55% to additional paid-in capital. The Capped Calls are excluded from4.41% annually. Of the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders as their effect$55.3 million other debt balance, approximately $45.3 million is antidilutive.denominated in Euros and $10.0 million is denominated in Brazilian Real.

12.     Other Debt

In connection with the STI Acquisition, the Company assumed debt obligations of STI. As of September 30, 2022, related debt balances were $43.3 million in short-term debt and $12.7 million in long-term debt. Interest rates on the acquired debt range from 0.55% to 2.76% annually and maturities for the short-term portion of loans range from December 2022 to March 2023. Maturities for the long-term portion of loans are $4.9 million due in 2024 and $7.8 million due in March 2027.

13.8.    Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock

Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock
On August 10, 2021, theThe Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”“SPA”) with certain investors (the “Purchasers”) pursuant to which, on August 11, 2021, the Company issued and sold to certain investors (the “Purchasers”) 350,000 shares of its newly designated Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock (the “Series A Shares”) and 7,098,765 shares of the Company’s common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $346.0 million (the “Initial Closing”). Further, pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement,SPA, on September 27, 2021, the Company issued and sold to the Purchasers 776,235 shares of common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $776.0$0.01 million (the “Prepaid Forward Contract”). The Company used the net proceeds from the Initialinitial Closing to repay the entire $102.0 million amount outstanding balance under its existing Revolving Credit Facility and prepay $100.0 million underof the Company’s Term Loan Facility. Additionally,The Series A Shares have no maturity date.

The Put Option included in the Securities Purchase Agreement entitlesSPA required the Purchasers to designate one representativepurchase up to be appointed to the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) and to appoint three non-voting observers to the Board, in each case until such time as the Purchasers no longer beneficially ownan additional 150,000 shares of the Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock with at least $100Shares and up to 3,375,000 shares of common stock (or up to 6,100,000 shares of common stock in the event of certain price-related adjustments) until June 30, 2023, subject to certain equitable adjustments pursuant to any stock dividend, stock split, stock combination, reclassification or similar transaction, for an aggregate purchase price up to $148.0 million aggregate Liquidation Preference (as defined below)(the “Delayed Draw Commitment” or the “Put Option”). The Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock has no maturity date.Put Option expired effective June 30, 2023.

On January 7, 2022, pursuant to the Put Option, the Company issued and sold to the Purchasers 50,000 shares of Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred StockShares and 1,125,000 shares of the Company’s common stock in an additional closing for an aggregate purchase price of $49.4 million (the “Additional Closing”).

The Company has classified the Series A Shares as temporary equity and is accreting the carrying amount to its full redemption amount from the date of issuance to the earliest redemption date using the effective interest method. Such accretion totaled $18.8 million and $17.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Refer to Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for information regarding the accounting for the Put Option.

23
22


Additional Closings
The Securities Purchase Agreement gives the Company the option to require the Purchasers to purchase, in one or more additional closings, up to 150,000 shares of Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock until June 30, 2023 and up to 3,375,000 shares of common stock (or up to 6,100,000 shares of common stock in the event of certain price-related adjustments) (subject to certain equitable adjustments pursuant to any stock dividend, stock split, stock combination, reclassification or similar transaction) for an aggregate purchase price up to $148.0 million (the “Delayed Draw Commitment”). This commitment has been reduced by the Additional Closing.

The Company evaluated the accounting for the instruments issued in the Securities Purchase Agreement and determined the Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock and common stock issued in the Initial Closing, as well as the Prepaid Forward Contract, and Delayed Draw Commitment are freestanding instruments accounted for in equity.

The Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock is recorded in temporary equity on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as it has redemption features upon certain triggering events that are outside the Company’s control, such as a fundamental change. The proceeds of the Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, transactions costs and discount of $334.6 million have been allocated to each instrument based on its relative fair value. At the Initial Closing date, $229.8 million was allocated to the Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, $105.4 million to common stock, $12.4 million to the Delayed Draw Commitment, which was recorded as a debit to additional paid-in capital, and $11.7 million to the Prepaid Forward Contract.

The Additional Closing carried issuance and original issuance discount costs of $1.3 million. The net proceeds were allocated amongst the Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock and common stock based on the proceeds of $33.1 million and $15.9 million, respectively.

Dividends
On or prior to the fifth anniversary of the Initial Closing, the Company may pay dividends on the Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred StockShares either in (i) cash at the then-applicable Cash Regular Dividend Rate (as defined below), (ii) through accrual to the Liquidation Preference at the Accrued Regular Dividend Rate (as defined below) of 6.25% (the “Permitted Accrued Dividends”), or (iii) a combination thereof. Following the fifth anniversary of the Initial Closing, dividends are payable only in cash. To the extent the Company does not declare such dividends and pay in cash following the fifth anniversary of the Initial Closing, the dividends accrue to the Liquidation Preference (“Default Accrued Dividends”) at the then-applicable Cash Regular Dividend Rate plus 200 basis points. In the event there are Default Accrued Dividends outstanding for six consecutive quarters, the Company, at the option of the holders of the Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock,Shares, will pay 100% of the amount of Default Accrued Dividends by delivering to such holder a number of shares of the Company’s common stock equal to the quotient of (i) the amount of Default Accrued Dividends divided by (ii) 95% of the 30-day VWAP of the Company’s common stock.stock (“Non-Cash Dividend”).

As used herein, “Liquidation Preference” means, with respect to any shares of the Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, the initial liquidation preference of $1000 per share plus any accrued dividends of such share as the time of the determination.

24


The “Cash Regular Dividend Rate” of the Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred StockShares means (i) initially, 5.75% per annum on the Liquidation Preference and (ii) increased by (a) 50 basis points on each of the fifth, sixth and seventh anniversaries of the Initial Closing and (b) 100 basis points on each of the eighth, ninth and tenth anniversaries of the Initial Closing. The “Accrued Regular Dividend Rate” on the Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred StockShares means 6.25% per annum on the Liquidation Preference.

There are no Permitted Accrued DividendsAs used herein, “Liquidation Preference” means, with respect to the Series A Shares, the initial liquidation preference of $1,000 per share, plus accrued asdividends of September 30, 2022 with dividends paid forsuch share at the time of the determination.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 $18.7 million (the “Q3 Dividend Payment”). Permitted Accrued Dividends resulted in 13 shares of2023, the Company accrued dividends on the Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock being issued asShares at the Accrued Regular Dividend rate of 6.25% totaling $19.6 million. As of September 30, 2022 which2023, total accrued and unpaid dividends were settled with the Q3 Dividend Payment and no longer outstanding. Dividends declared and paid as of December 31, 2021 were $8.2$26.0 million.

The shares of Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred StockShares have similar characteristics of an “Increasing Rate Security” as described by SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 5Q, Increasing Rate Preferred Stock. As a result, the discount on Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred StockShares is considered an unstated dividend cost that is amortized over the period preceding commencement of the perpetual dividend using the effective interest method, by charging imputed dividend cost against retained earnings, or additional paid in capital in the absence of retained earnings, and increasing the carrying amount of the Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred StockShares by a corresponding amount. TheAccordingly, the discount of $120.2 million is therefore being amortized over five years using the effective yield method. The amortization in each period is the amount which, together with the stated dividend in the period, results in a constant rate of effective cost with regard to the carrying amount of the Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock.

The Company has presented the Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock in temporary equity and is accreting the discount on the increasing rate dividends using the effective interest method. Such accretion totaled $17.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

The Company paid the cash dividend for the three months ended September 30, 2022 of $6.3 million in dividends at a rate of 5.75% as of September 30, 2022.

Fees
UntilDuring the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company will paypaid the Purchasers a per annum cash commitment premiumfee totaling $1.5 million on the unpurchased portion of Delayed Draw Commitment as follows:
a.0% through the six-month anniversary of the Initial Closing;
b.1.5% from the six-month anniversary of the Initial Closing through the 12-month anniversary of the Initial Closing; and
c.3.0% from the 12-month anniversary of the Initial Closing throughPut Option. The Put Option expired effective June 30, 2023.

The Company may terminate some or all of the Delayed Draw Commitment, from time to time, at its sole discretion.

2523


14.9.    Revenue

Based on ASC 606 provisions, theThe Company disaggregates its revenue from contracts with customers by those sales recorded over-timeover time and sales recorded at a point in time. The following table presents the Company’s disaggregated revenues (in thousands):    
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Over time revenue$321,154 $458,405 $1,120,526 $991,561 
Point in time revenue29,284 56,619 114,410 243,914 
Total revenue$350,438 $515,024 $1,234,936 $1,235,475 

Contract Balances
The timing of revenue disaggregated by salesrecognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, unbilled receivables (“contract assets”), and deferred revenue (“contract liabilities”) on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The majority of the Company’s contract amounts are billed as work progresses, in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms, which generally coincide with the shipment of one or more phases of the project. Billing sometimes occurs subsequent to revenue recognition, resulting in contract assets. The changes in contract assets and the corresponding amounts recorded over-timein revenue relate to fluctuations in the timing and salesvolume of billings.

Contract assets are recorded within accounts receivable, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets on a contract-by-contract basis and consisted of the following at a point in timethe end of each reporting period (in thousands):

Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022202120222021
Over-time revenue$458,405 $128,183 $991,561 $360,581 
Point in time revenue56,619 60,503 243,914 272,861 
Total revenue$515,024 $188,686 $1,235,475 $633,442 
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Unbilled receivables$74,076 $101,513 

As discussedThe Company also receives advances or deposits from its customers, before revenue is recognized, resulting in contract liabilities. The changes in contract liabilities relate to advanced orders and payments received by the consolidated financial statements includedCompany.

Contract liabilities are recorded on a contract-by-contract basis and consisted of the following at the end of each reporting period (in thousands):
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Deferred revenue$100,757 $178,922 

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company converted $153.9 million in deferred revenue to revenue, which represented 86% of the 2021 Annual Report, contracts related toprior year’s deferred revenue balance.

Bill-and-Hold Arrangements
Revenue recognized for the Company’s federal investment tax credit (“ITC”) were determined to have multiple performance obligations satisfied at a point in time instead of one performance obligation satisfied over time. The disaggregated revenue information above for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 has been restated to correct this error, which resulted in $223.2 million of revenue being reclassified from over-time revenue to point in time revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Revenue recognized for the ITC-related contracts and standalone system component sales is recorded at a point in time and recognized when obligations under the terms of the contract with the Company’s customer are satisfied. Generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of the asset, which is typically upon delivery to the customer in line with shipping terms.
24



In certain situations, the Company recognizes revenue under a bill-and-hold arrangement with its customers. When this occurs, theAn example of such a situation is when customers purchase material prior to the start of construction of a solar project in order to meet the Five Percent Safe Harbor test to qualify for the ITC. Because the customers lack sufficient storage capacity to accept a large amount of material prior to the start of construction, they request that the Company keep the product in its custody. The materialAll bill-and-hold inventory is bundled or palletized in the Company’s warehouses, separately identified separately as not belonging to the respective customerCompany and is ready for immediate transport to the customer project upon customer request. Additionally, title and risk of loss has passed to the customer and the Company does not have the ability to use the product or direct it to another customer. As ofDuring the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022,2023, the Company had no contracts with customersrecognized zero and $22.8 million, respectively, in revenue from a single customer for the sale of goods and services that also contained bill-and-hold obligations such as storage, handling and other custodial duties for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. Any losses incurred on point-in-time projects are recognized as the goods are delivered.

Contract Balances
The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, unbilled receivables (contract assets), and deferred revenue (contract liabilities) on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The majority of the Company’s contract amounts are billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms, which generally coincide with the shipment of one or more phases of the project. Billing sometimes occurs subsequent to revenue recognition, resulting in contract assets. The changes in contract assets (i.e., unbilled receivables) and the corresponding amounts recorded in revenue relate to fluctuations in the timing and volume of billings for the Company’s revenue recognized over-time.

26


Contract assets consisting of unbilled receivables are recorded within accounts receivable on the condensed consolidated balance sheets on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of the reporting period and consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Unbilled receivables$136,953 $111,224 

The Company also receives advances or deposits from its customers, before revenue is recognized, resulting in contract liabilities. The changes in contract liabilities (i.e., deferred revenue) relate to advanced orders and payments received by the Company. Contract liabilities consisting of deferred revenue recorded on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period were as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Deferred revenue$154,692 $99,575 

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company converted $73.1 million in deferred revenue to revenue, which represented 73% of the prior year’s deferred revenue balance.duties.

Remaining Performance Obligations
As of September 30, 2022,2023, the Company had $386.3$336.2 million of remaining performance obligations. The Company expects to recognize revenue on 100% of these performance obligations in the next twelve months.

15.    Income (Loss)10.    Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted income (loss) per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
20222021202220212023202220232022
Net income (loss)$40,822 $(27,561)$13,542 $(28,502)
Preferred dividends and accretion12,257 5,479 36,045 5,479 
Net incomeNet income$23,214 $40,644 $114,154 $9,683 
Less: preferred dividends and accretionLess: preferred dividends and accretion13,091 12,257 38,359 36,045 
Net income (loss) to common shareholdersNet income (loss) to common shareholders$28,565 $(33,040)$(22,503)$(33,981)Net income (loss) to common shareholders$10,123 $28,387 $75,795 $(26,362)
Basic:Basic:Basic:
Weighted average sharesWeighted average shares150,322 130,955 149,604 128,315 Weighted average shares151,068 150,322 150,865 149,604 
Income (loss) per shareIncome (loss) per share$0.19 $(0.25)$(0.15)$(0.26)Income (loss) per share$0.07 $0.19 $0.50 $(0.18)
Diluted:Diluted:Diluted:
Effect of Restricted Stock and Performance Awards1,060 — — — 
Effect of restricted stock and performance awardsEffect of restricted stock and performance awards1,255 1,060 1,219 — 
Weighted average sharesWeighted average shares151,382 130,955 149,604 128,315 Weighted average shares152,323 151,382 152,083 149,604 
Income (loss) per shareIncome (loss) per share$0.19 $(0.25)$(0.15)$(0.26)Income (loss) per share$0.07 $0.19 $0.50 $(0.18)

Potentially dilutive common shares issuance pursuant to equity-based awards of 108,111 were not included as their effect was anti-dilutive for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Potentially dilutive common shares issuable pursuant to equity-based awards of 2,504,046 and 1,203,520108,111 were not included for the nine
27


months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021, respectively, and 1,203,520 for the three months ended September 30, 2021, as their potential effect was anti-dilutive sincegiven the Company generated a net loss to common stock holders. shareholders.

There were no potentially dilutive common shares issuable pursuant to the Convertible Notes for both the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, as the average market price of the Company’s common stock has not exceeded the exercise price is below the strike price.since their issuance.

25


16.11.    Commitments and Contingencies

LitigationLegal Proceedings
The Company, in the normal course of business, is subject to claims and litigation. The Company reviews the status of each matter and assesses its potential financial exposure. If the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated, the Company would accrue a liability for the estimated loss.

On August 30, 2017, the Company filed its first amended complaint in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Mexico against Nextracker LLC, Daniel S. Shugar, Marco Garcia, Flextronics International U.S.A., Inc., Scott Graybeal and Colin Mitchell (collectively,(collectively, the “Defendants”) asserting (among other claims) trade secret misappropriation, tortious interference with contract, fraud, and breach of contract (the “Nextracker Litigation”). On July 15, 2022, the Company settled its claims against Defendants for $42.8 million and received payment on August 4, 2022.

On May 14, 2021, a putative class action was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York (the “Southern District of New York” or the “Court”) against the Company and certain officers and directors alleging violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and Rule 10b-5, promulgated thereunder, and Sections 11, 12(a)(2) and 15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1933 (“Plymouth Action”). The Plymouth Action alleges misstatements and/or omissions in the Company’s registration statements and prospectuses related to the Company’s October 2020 initial public offering (“IPO”), the Company’s December 2020 offering (the “2020 Follow-On Offering”), and the Company’s March 2021 offering (the “2021 Follow-On Offering”) during the putative class period of October 14, 2020 through May 11, 2021.

On June 30, 2021, a second putative class action was filed in the Southern District of New York against the Company and certain officers and directors alleging violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and Rule 10b-5, promulgated thereunder, and Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1933 (“Keippel Action”). The Keippel Action similarly alleged misstatements and/or omissions in certain of the Company’s registration statements and prospectuses related to the Company’s IPO, the Company’s 2020 Follow-On Offering, and the Company’s 2021 Follow-On Offering during the putative class period of October 14, 2020 through May 11, 2021. On July 6, 2021, the Court entered an order that the Keippel Action was in all material respects substantially similar to the Plymouth Action that both actions arise out of the same or similar operative facts, and that the parties are substantially the same parties. The Court accordingly consolidated the Keippel Action with the Plymouth Action for all pretrial purposes and, ordered all filings to be made in the Plymouth Action.

On July 16, 2021, a verified derivative complaint was filed in the Southern District of New York against certain officers and directors of the Company (“First SDNY Derivative Action”). The complaint alleges: (1) violations of Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for misleading proxy statements, (2) breach of fiduciary duty, (3) unjust enrichment, (4) abuse of control, (5) gross mismanagement, (6) corporate waste, (7) aiding and abetting breach of fiduciary duty, and (8) contribution under sections 10(b) and 21D of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
28



On July 30, 2021, a second and related verified derivative complaint was filed in the Southern District of New York against certain officers and directors of the Company (“Second SDNY Derivative Action”). The complaint alleges: (1) violations of Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for causing the issuance of a
26


false/misleading proxy statement, (2) breach of fiduciary duty, and (3) aiding and abetting breaches of fiduciary duty. On August 24, 2021, the Second SDNY Derivative Action was consolidated with the First SDNY Derivative Action (the “Consolidated SDNY Derivative Action”), the Court appointed co-lead counsel, and the case was temporarily stayed pending the entry of an order on all motions to dismiss directed at the pleadings filed in the Plymouth Action. The stay shall remain in effect until the later of (a) the entry of an order on any motions to dismiss the Plymouth Action or, (b) to the extent the complaint in the Plymouth Action is amended, the entry of an order on any motions to dismiss any such amended complaints in the Plymouth Action.

On September 21, 2021, the Court in the Plymouth Action appointed a group comprised of institutional investors Plymouth County Retirement Association and Carpenters Pension Trust Fund for Northern California as lead plaintiff.plaintiffs.

On December 7, 2021, an amended class action complaint was filed by lead plaintiffplaintiffs in the Plymouth Action against the Company and certain officers and directors alleging violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and Rule 10b-5, promulgated thereunder, and Sections 11, 12(a)(2), and 15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1933, on behalf of a putative class of persons and entities that purchased or otherwise acquired the Company’s securities during the period from October 14, 2020 through May 11, 2021 (the “Consolidated Amended Complaint”). The Consolidated Amended Complaint alleges misstatements and/or omissions in: (1) certain of the Company’s registration statements and prospectuses related to the Company’s IPO, the Company’s 2020 Follow-On Offering, and the Company’s 2021 Follow-On Offering; (2) in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and associated press release announcing results for the fourth quarter and full fiscal year 2020; and (3) in the Company’s November 5, 2020 and March 9, 2021 earnings calls.

On AugustOctober 17, 2022, the Court in the Plymouth Action set a briefing schedule for any motion to dismiss with the opening motion and supporting memorandum to be filed on or before October 17, 2022, any opposition to be filed on or before December 16, 2022, and any reply in support of the motion to be filed on or before January 16, 2023. The Company and other defendants in the Plymouth Action filed a joint motion to dismiss (the “Motion to Dismiss”) the Consolidated Amended Complaint. The lead plaintiff filed a motion opposing the Motion to Dismiss on December 16, 2022, and the Company and other defendants filed a reply in support of the motion to dismiss on January 17, 2023.

On May 19, 2023, the Court in the Plymouth Action granted the Company’s Motion to Dismiss. On July 5, 2023, the Court denied the lead plaintiffs’ request for leave to amend the Consolidated Amended Complaint on Octoberand dismissed the Plymouth Action with prejudice.

On August 4, 2023, the lead plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal of the Court’s dismissal of the Consolidated Amended Complaint (the “Second Circuit Appeal”).

On September 11, 2023, pursuant to a scheduling request filed by lead plaintiffs, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ordered lead plaintiffs to file their opening brief in the Second Circuit Appeal by November 17, 2022.2023.

On August 3, 2022, a verified derivative complaint was filed in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (the “Court of Chancery”) against certain officers and directors of the Company, asserting claims for: (1) breach of fiduciary duty and (2) unjust enrichment (“First Delaware Derivative Action”).

On August 11, 2022, a second verified derivative complaint was filed against certain officers and directors of the Company Court of Chancery, asserting claims for: (1) breach of fiduciary duty; (2) aiding and abetting
27


breaches of fiduciary duty; (3) waste of corporate assets; (4) unjust enrichment; (5) insider selling; and (6) aiding and abetting insider selling (“Second Delaware Derivative Action”).

On September 2, 2022, the Second Delaware Derivative Action was consolidated with the First Delaware Derivative Action (the “Consolidated Delaware Derivative Action”), the Court of Chancery appointed co-lead counsel, and the case was temporarily stayed pending the entry of an order on all motions to dismiss directed at the pleadings filed in the Plymouth Action. The stay shall remain in effect until the later of (a) the entry of an order on the pending motion to dismiss the
29


Consolidated Amended Complaint in the Plymouth Action, (b) to the extent the Consolidated Amended Complaint in the Plymouth Action is further amended, the entry of an order on any motions to dismiss any such amended complaints in the Plymouth Action, or (c) the public announcement of a settlement of the Plymouth Action.

The stays in both the Consolidated SDNY Derivative Action and the Consolidated Delaware Derivative Action remain in place following the dismissal of the Plymouth Action during the pendency of the Second Circuit Appeal.

At this time the Company believes that the likelihood of any material loss related to these matters is remote given the preliminary stage of the claims and strength of the Company’s defenses. The Company has not recorded any material loss contingency in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021.2023.

Contingent Consideration
Tax Receivable Agreement
Concurrent with the Former Parent’s acquisition of Array Technologies Patent Holdings Co., LLC on July 8, 2016, the Company’s operating subsidiary, Array Tech, Inc. (f/k/a Array Technologies, Inc.), entered into a Tax Receivable Agreement (the “TRA”) with the former majority shareholder of Array. The TRA is valued based on the future expected payments under the agreement. The TRA provides for the payment by Array Tech, Inc., to the former owners for certain federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax benefits deemed realized in post-closing taxable periods by Array Tech, Inc., from the use of certain deductions generated by the increase in the tax value of the developed technology. The TRA is accounted for as contingent consideration and subsequent changes in fair value of the contingent liability are recognized in contingent consideration inon the condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of September 30, 20222023 and December 31, 2021,2022, the fair value of the TRA was $7.1$9.6 million and $14.6$8.6 million, respectively.

Estimating the amount of payments that may be made under the TRA is by nature imprecise. The significant fair value inputs used to estimate the future expected TRA payments to the former owners include the timing of tax payments, a discount rate, book income projections, timing of expected adjustments to calculate taxable income and the projected rate of use for attributes defined in the TRA.

Payments made under the TRA consider tax positions taken by the Company and are due within 125 days following the filing of the Company’s U.S. federal and state income tax returns under procedures described in the agreement. The current portion of the TRA liability is based on tax returns. The TRA will continue until all tax benefit payments have been made or the Company elects early termination under the terms described in the TRA.

28


The following table summarizes the liabilityactivity related to the estimated TRA liability (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022202120222021
Beginning balance$7,686 $12,016 $14,577 $19,691 
Payments— — (1,483)(7,810)
Fair value adjustment(573)936 (5,981)1,071 
Ending balance$7,113 $12,952 $7,113 $12,952 

Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Beginning balance$9,429 $7,685 $8,587 $14,577 
Payments— — (1,200)(1,483)
Fair value adjustment190 (572)2,232 (5,981)
Ending balance$9,619 $7,113 $9,619 $7,113 

The TRA liability requires significant judgment and is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

Surety Bonds
30


As of September 30, 2022,2023, the Company posted surety bonds in the total amount of approximately $175.2$217.6 million. The Company is required to provide surety bonds to various parties as required for certain transactions initiated during the ordinary course of business to guarantee the Company’s performance in accordance with contractual or legal obligations. These off-balance sheet arrangements do not adversely impact the Company’s liquidity or capital resources.

17.12.    Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying values and the estimated fair values of the Company’s debt financial instruments were as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Carrying ValueFair ValueCarrying ValueFair Value
Convertible Notes$413,279 $381,625 $411,863 $410,771 
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Carrying ValueFair ValueCarrying ValueFair Value
Convertible Notes$415,158 $485,563 $413,752 $430,236 

The carrying values of the Revolving Credit Facility recorded in long-term debt on the condensed consolidated balance sheets approximate fair value due to the variable interest rate. The fair value of the Convertible Notes is estimated using Level 2 inputs, as they are not registered securities nor listed on any securities exchange but may be traded by qualified institutional buyers.

The following table summarizes the activity related to the Capped Calls (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Beginning balance$64,014 $— $— $— 
Change in fair value gain and loss116 — (1,140)— 
Change due to correction of errors (see Note 1)— — 65,270 — 
Ending balance$64,130 $— $64,130 $— 
18.
The Capped Calls are valued using a Black-Scholes model, with the most judgmental unobservable input being the volatility measure. The value of the Capped Call is determined using unobservable inputs and is considered to be a Level 3 value in the fair value hierarchy.

29


The fair value of the Term Loans and Other Debt is estimated using Level 2 inputs. The carrying values of the Term Loans outstanding under the Senior Secured Credit facility recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheets approximate fair value due to the variable nature of the interest rates.

Other Debt totaling $55.3 million, consists of $40.0 million variable rate obligations and $15.3 million fixed rate obligations. Of the $15.3 million fixed rate obligations, $3.3 million mature in 2023 and $11.9 million mature in 2024. Due to the relative short-term maturity of the fixed rate obligations, the Company believes current carrying value approximates fair value. The carrying value of the $40.0 million variable rate obligations approximate fair value due to the variable nature of the interest rates.

13.    Equity-Based Compensation

2020 Equity Incentive Plan
On October 14, 2020, the Company’s 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”) became effective. The 2020 Plan authorized 6,683,919 new shares, subject to adjustments pursuant to the 2020 Plan.

DuringRestricted Stock Units
Pursuant to the nine months ended September 30, 2022,2020 Plan, the Company granted an aggregate of 1,433,829grants restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to employees and members of the Company’s board of director members and 466,916 performance stock units (“PSUs”) to certain executives.directors. The fair value of the RSUs is determined using the market value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date.

RSU activity under the 2020 Plan during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was as follows:
Number of SharesWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding non-vested, December 31, 20221,700,824 $13.81 
Shares granted846,559 17.90 
Shares vested(564,358)12.51 
Shares forfeited(135,313)18.57 
Outstanding non-vested, September 30, 20231,847,712 $15.73 

30


Performance Stock Units
The Company has granted performance stock units (“PSUs”) to certain employees. The PSUs cliff vest after three years and upon meeting certain revenue and adjusted EPS targets. The PSUs also contain a modifier based on the total stock return (TSR)(“TSR”) compared to a certain index which modifies the number of PSUs that vest. The PSUs were valued using a Monte-Carlo simulation method with a volatility assumptionon the date of 66% - 79%, risk free interest rate of 0.28% - 2.79%grant based on the United StatesU.S. Treasury Constant Maturity rates and no dividends paid assumption.

31


Activity under the 2020 Plan was as follows:

RSUs
Number of SharesWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested, December 31, 2021930,409 $21.66 
Granted1,433,829 $10.16 
Vested(278,792)$18.68 
Forfeited(127,325)$18.50 
Unvested, September 30, 20221,958,121 $13.97 
PSUs
Number of SharesWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested, December 31, 2021147,687 $27.75 
Granted466,916 $10.88 
Vested— $— 
Forfeited(68,678)$30.74 
Unvested, September 30, 2022545,925 $12.95 

Class B Units and Class C Units of Former Parent
rates. The Company accounted for equity grants to employees of Class B Units and Class C Units (collectively, the “Units”) of Former Parent as equity-based compensation under ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation. The Units contain vesting provisions as definedfollowing assumptions were used in the agreement. Vested Units do not forfeit upon termination and represent a residual interest in Former Parent. Equity-based compensation cost is measured atMonte Carlo simulation for computing the grant date fair value and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, including those Units with graded vesting with a corresponding credit to additional paid-in capital as a capital contribution from Former Parent. However, the amount of equity-based compensation at any date is equal to the portion of the grant date value of the award that is vested.

The UnitsPSUs issued to employees are measured at fair value on the grant date using an option pricing model. The Company utilizes the estimated weighted average of the Company’s expected fund life dependent on various exit scenarios to estimate the expected term of the awards. Expected volatility is based on the average of historical and implied volatility of a set of comparable companies, adjusted for size and leverage. The risk-free rates are based on the yields of U.S. Treasury instruments with comparable terms. Actual results may vary depending on the assumptions applied within the model.

On November 19, 2019 and May 19, 2020, Former Parent issued 22,326,653 and 4,344,941, respectively, Class B Units to certain employees of the Company. On March 28, 2020, Former Parent issued 1,000 Class C Units to a member of the board of directors of Array Technologies, Inc.

32


On March 23, 2021, in connection with the closing of the 2021 Follow-On Offering, all of the outstanding Class B Units of Former Parent were immediately vested per the terms of the equity awards, resulting in the Company accelerating the recognition of equity-based compensation of $8.9 million forduring the nine months ended September 30, 2021.2023 and 2022:

20232022
Volatility90 %60 %
Risk-free interest rate3.74 %2.83 %
Dividend yield— %— %

PSU activity under the 2020 Plan during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was as follows:
Number of SharesWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding non-vested, December 31, 2022464,393 $11.96 
Shares granted263,594 19.22 
Shares vested— — 
Shares forfeited(33,176)15.15 
Outstanding non-vested, September 30, 2023694,811 $14.56 

For the three months ended September 30, 20222023 and 2021,2022, the Company recognized $3.4 million and $4.2 million, and $2.2 millionrespectively, in equity-based compensation respectively.expense. For the nine months ended September 30, 20222023 and 2021,2022, the Company recognized $11.9 million and $11.7 million, and $14.3 millionrespectively, in equity-based compensation, respectively. As ofcompensation. At September 30, 2022,2023, the Company had $23.0$24.7 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to RSUs and PSUs, which isare expected to be recognized over a period of 2 years. There were 76,936approximately 2.0 years and 196,003 forfeitures during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 18,772 and 79,277 forfeitures during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021,2.2 years, respectively.

19.    Related Party Transactions

Accounts Payable-Related Party
The Company had $0.5 million and $0.6 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, of accounts payable-related party with the former shareholders of Array. The payables relate to a federal tax refund related to the pre-acquisition periods and restricted cash related to Former Parent’s acquisition of the Company which were due to the sellers of Array upon release of the restriction offset by a receivable related to a sales/use tax audit from the pre-acquisition period for which the seller provided the Company with indemnification.

Tax Receivable Agreement
See Note 16 – Commitments and Contingencies – Tax Receivable Agreement.

2014    Segment Reporting

ASC 280 Segment Reporting establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. Historically, the Company managed its business on the basis of one operating and reportable segment. DuringConcurrent with the nine months ended September 30,acquisition of STI in January 2022, the Company changed its reportable segments as a result of the STI Acquisition; the Company now operatesbegan operating as two segments; Array Legacy Operations and STI Operations.

The following table provides a reconciliation of certain financial information for the Company’s reportable segments to information presented in its condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine
33


months ended September 30, 20222023 and 2021 and as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Array Legacy OperationsSTI OperationsTotalArray Legacy Operations
Revenue$400,463 $114,561 $515,024 $188,686 
Gross Profit$63,921 $16,302 $80,223 $5,897 

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Array Legacy OperationsSTI OperationsTotalArray Legacy Operations
Revenue$998,292 $237,183 $1,235,475 $633,442 
Gross Profit$119,029 $27,727 $146,756 $72,570 

Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Revenue:
Array Legacy Operations$244,857 $400,463 $895,322 $998,292 
STI Operations105,581 114,561 339,614 237,183 
Total$350,438 $515,024 $1,234,936 $1,235,475 
Gross Profit:
Array Legacy Operations$58,233 $60,281 $241,019 $108,111 
STI Operations29,146 16,302 90,303 27,727 
Total$87,379 $76,583 $331,322 $135,838 


3431


Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes and other financial information included in Part I, “Item 1. Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”), as well as our audited financial statements and notes thereto as of and for the year ended December 31, 20212022 and the related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20212022 (“20212022 Annual Report”). Each of the terms the “Company,” “Array,” “we,” or “us” as used herein refers collectively to Array Technologies, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, unless otherwise stated. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results and timing of selected events may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed under the sections captioned “Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report and our 20212022 Annual Report.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains forward-looking statements that are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. Forward-looking statements include information concerning our possible or assumed future results of operations, business strategies, technology developments, financing and investment plans, dividend policy, competitive position, industry and regulatory environment, potential growth opportunities and the effects of competition. Forward-looking statements include statements that are not historical facts and can be identified by terms such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “will,” “would” or similar expressions and the negatives of those terms.

Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Also, forward-looking statements represent our management’s beliefs and assumptions only as of the date of this report. You should read this report with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect.

Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations include factors in “Summary Risk Factors” and the “Risk Factors” sections of this Quarterly Report. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.

Summary Risk Factors
Our business is subject to a number of risks that if realized could materially and adversely affect our business, financial conditions, results of operations, cash flows and access to liquidity. These risks are discussed more fully in the “Risk Factors” section of this Quarterly Report.Report and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. Our principal risks include the following:

we may be unable to successfully integrate the business of STI (as defined below) into our business or achieve the anticipated benefits of the STI Acquisition (as defined below);
the capped call transactions may affect the value of our Convertible Notes (as defined below) and the market price of our common stock;
35


the fundamental change repurchase feature of the Convertible Notes may delay or prevent an otherwise beneficial attempt to acquire us;
if demand for solar energy projects does not continue to grow or grows at a slower rate than we anticipate, our business will suffer;
32


the viability and demand for solar energy are impacted by many factors outside of our control, which makes it difficult to predict our future prospects;
competitive pressures within our industry may harm our business, revenues, growth rates and market share;
a loss of one or more of our significant customers, their inability to perform under their contracts, or their default in payment, could harm our business and negatively impact revenue, results of operations and cash flow;
a failure to retain key personnel or a failure to attract additional qualified personnel may affect our ability to achieve our anticipated level of growth and adversely affect our business;
a drop in the price of electricity derived from the utility grid or from alternative energy sources may harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects;
we have and may continue to face challenges in our ability to consolidate the financial reporting of our acquired foreign subsidiaries;
defects or performance problems in our products could result in loss of customers, reputational damage and decreased revenue, and we may face warranty, indemnity and product liability claims arising from defective products;
developmentswe may experience delays, disruptions or quality control problems in alternative technologies may have a material adverse effect on demand for our offerings;product development operations;
ana further increase in interest rates, or a reduction in the availability of tax equity or project debt capital in the global financial markets could make it difficult for customers to finance the cost of a solar energy system and could reduce the demand for our products;
changes to tax laws and regulations that are applied adversely to us or our customers could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects;
existing electric utility industry policies and regulations, and any subsequent changes, may present technical, regulatory and economic barriers to the purchase and use of solar energy systems, which may significantly reduce demand for our products or harm our ability to compete;
the interruption of the flow of materials from international vendors could disrupt our supply chain, including as a result of the imposition of additional duties, tariffs and other charges or restrictions on imports and exports;
changes in the U.S.global trade environment, including the imposition of import tariffs or other import restrictions, could adversely affect the amount or timing of our revenues, results of operations or cash flows;
economic, political and market conditions, including the impact ofRussian-Ukraine conflict, uncertain credit and global financial markets resulting from increasing inflation and interest rates along with recent bank failures, and the ongoing conflict in UkraineCOVID-19 pandemic, have had and could continue to have an adverse effect on our supply chainbusiness, results of operations and cost of logisticsfinancial condition, including our revenue growth and profitability, which in turn could adversely affect the amount or timing of our revenues, results of operations or cash flows;stock price;
the reduction, elimination or expiration of government incentives for, or regulations mandating the use of, renewable energy and solar energy specifically could reduce demand for solar energy systems and harm our business;
33


if we fail to, or incur significant costs in order to obtain, maintain, protect, defend or enforce, our intellectual property and other proprietary rights, our business and results of operations could be materially harmed;
we may need to defend ourselves against third-party claims that we are infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating others’ intellectual property rights, which could divert management’s attention, cause us to incur significant costs and prevent us from selling or using the technology to which such rights relate;
significant changes in the cost of raw materials could adversely affect our financial performance;
36


we are dependent on transportation and logistics providers to deliver our products in a cost-efficient manner. Disruptions to transportation and logistics, including increases in shipping costs, could adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations;
the determination to restate prior period financial statements could negatively affect investor confidence and raise reputational issues;
we may be unable to remediate our material weaknesses in a timely manner or at all;
our substantial indebtedness could adversely affect our financial condition;
the implementation of the Inflation Reduction Act may not deliver as much growth as we are anticipating, and we may not be able to maximize its benefits; and
the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has materially and adversely affectedcybersecurity or other data incidents, including unauthorized disclosure of personal or sensitive data or theft of confidential information could harm our business and results of operations. The duration and extent to which it will continue to adversely impact our business and results of operations remains uncertain and could be material.business.

Overview
We are one of the world’s largest manufacturers of ground-mounting tracking systems used in solar energy projects.projects at utility scale. Our principal products are a portfolio of integrated systemsolar tracking systems comprised of steel supports, electric motors, gearboxes and electronic controllers commonly referred to as a single-axis “tracker.” Trackers move solar panels throughout the day to maintain an optimal orientation to the sun, which significantly increases their energy production. Solar energy projects that use trackers generate more energy and deliver a lower Levelized Cost of Energy than projects that use “fixed tilt” mounting systems, which do not move. The vast majority of ground mounted solar systems in the United States, and an increasing amount outside of the U.S., use trackers.

Our flagship trackerstracker uses a patented design that allows one motor to drive multiple rows of solar panels through articulated driveline joints. To avoid infringing on our U.S. patent, our competitors must use designs that we believe are inherently less efficient and reliable. For example, our largest competitor’s design requires one motor for each row of solar panels. As a result, we believe our products have greater reliability, lower installation costs, reduced maintenance requirements and competitive manufacturing costs. Our core U.S. patent on a linked-row, rotating gear drive system does not expire until February 5, 2030.

Array acquiredWith our acquisition of STI Norland in January 2022, introducingwe added a dual-row tracker design to theour product portfolio. This tracker uses one motor to drive two connected rows and is ideally suited for sites with irregular and highly angled boundaries or fragmented project areas. To offer a comprehensive set of solutions to the growing market, in September of 2022, Arraywe also introduced a third tracker product requiring significantly less grading and civil works permitting prior to installation in addition to accommodating uneven terrain. This suite of products extends Array’sour target applications and bankabilityability to deliver the best utility-scale solar tracker solutions to the market. All of our products are protected by U.S. and international patents, including our core U.S. patent on a linked-row, rotating gear drive system which does not expire until February 5, 2030.

We sell our products to engineering, procurement and construction firms (“EPCs”) that build solar energy projects and to large solar developers, independent power producers and utilities, often under master supply agreements or multi-year procurement contracts. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022,2023, we derived 79%72% and 21%28% of our revenues from customers in the United States and the rest of the world, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, we had shipped more than 70.0 gigawatts of trackers to customers worldwide, including STI.

WeOur corporate headquarters are a U.S. company, and our headquarters and principal manufacturing facility arelocated in Albuquerque, New Mexico. As of September 30, 2022,2023, we had 1,1181,058 full-time employees, up from 471 as of December 31, 2021, with the increase primarily due to the STI Acquisition (as defined below).employees.

3734


Acquisition of STI Norland
On January 11, 2022, (the “Acquisition Date”), the Company closed thecompleted its acquisition (the “STI Acquisition”) of Soluciones Técnicas Integrales Norland, S.L. and its subsidiaries (collectively, “STI”) pursuant to that certainSTI for purchase agreement, dated November 10, 2021, by and among Amixa Capital, S.L. and Aurica Trackers, S.L., each a company duly organized under the laws of the Kingdom of Spain (together, the “Sellers”) and Mr. Javier Reclusa Etayo (the “STI Purchase Agreement”). In accordance with the STI Purchase Agreement, the Company paid closing consideration to the Sellers consisting of $410.5 million in cash and 13,894,800 shares of the Company’s common stock. The fair value of the purchase consideration was $610.8 million and resulted in the Company owning 100% of the equity interests in STI.

The STI Acquisition provided the Company with an immediate presence in Brazil, Western Europe and South Africa.

As a result of the STI Acquisition, the Company began reporting its results of operations in two segments: its Array legacy operating segment (the “Array Legacy Operations”) and the newly acquired operations (the “STI Operations”) pertaining to STI. The primary source ofgenerates revenue of the STI Operations isthrough the design, manufacture and sale of its utility-scale solar tracker systemsystems to utility scale customers in principalglobal markets tothat include Spain, Brazil, U.S. and South AfricaAfrica. The integration of STI provides us the opportunity to accelerate our international expansion and other international markets.better address rising global demand for utility-scale solar projects, particularly in developing countries in South America and Africa.

Update onOut-of-Period Adjustment for the ImpactCorrection of COVID-19Errors
We continueDuring the first quarter of fiscal year 2023, the Company identified certain errors in its previously issued financial statements that have been corrected through a cumulative out-of-period adjustment in the condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The Company has concluded that the cumulative out-of-period adjustment for the correction of these errors is not material to closely monitor the ongoing impactfinancial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2023. A summary of these corrections and a summary of the COVID-19 pandemiccumulative impact is provided in all the locations where we operate. Our priority remains the welfare of our employees. We expect persistent waves of COVID-19, including variants of the virus, to remain a headwind into the near future. The durationNote 1 – Organization, Business and extent to which it will continue to adversely impact our business and results of operations remain uncertain and could be material.

We are continuously evaluating our capital structure in response to the current environment and expect that our current financial condition, including our liquidity sources will be adequate to fund future commitments. See additional discussion in the Liquidity and Capital ResourcesOut-of-Period Adjustments section below.in Part I of this Quarterly Report.

Inflation
The Company could see an impact from elevated inflation and other operating costs. InflationInflationary pressures are expected to persist, at least in the United States peaked at a year-over-year ratenear-term, and may continue to negatively impact our results of 9.1%operation. To mitigate the inflationary pressures on our business, we have implemented selective price increases in June, before moderatingcertain markets, accelerated productivity initiatives and expanded our supplier base, while continuing to a still-elevated 8.2% in September. In Europe, energy price pressures and inflation have remainedexecute on an upward path, with September U.K. inflation rebounding to 10.1% and Euro Area inflation at 9.9%, both on a year-over-year basis. Interest rates have increased quickly and substantially as central banks in developed countries raise interest rates in an effort to subdue inflation, while government deficits and debt remain at high levels in many global markets. The eventual implications of higher government deficits and debt, tighter monetary policy, and potentially higher long-term interest rates may drive a higheroverhead cost of capital during our forecast period.containment practices.

Impact of Potential Solar Module Supply Chain Disruptions
In FebruaryOn April 1, 2022, Auxin Solar Inc., a U.S. producer of crystalline silicon PV products, petitioned the U.S. Department of Commerce (“USDOC”) initiated anti-circumvention inquiries of the U.S. Solar 1 Orders covering merchandise from Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand, and Cambodia pursuant to investigate alleged circumventionSection 781 of the Tariff Act of 1930. The USDOC issued preliminary determinations in these inquiries on December 1, 2022, affirmatively finding that certain photovoltaic solar cells and modules produced in Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand, and Cambodia using parts and components from China from certain producers and/or exporters, are circumventing the Solar 1 Orders and therefore should be subject to the antidumping and countervailing duties on Chinese imports by crystalline silicon PV cells and module imports assembled and completed in Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam. On March 28, 2022, the USDOC announced that it would investigate the circumvention alleged in the petition. As disclosed in our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2022, the investigation created uncertainty related to the supply of solar modules. duty liabilities arising from those orders.

As a result of the USDOC’s investigation, the Companywe saw a number of projects in itsour order book
38


initially delayed; however, on June 6, 2022, President Biden suspended,issued an emergency declaration delaying the imposition of any cash deposit or duty payment obligations on merchandise subject to these inquiries until the earlier of (i) the expiration of the order on June 6, 2024, or (ii) termination of the emergency declaration by the President. Merchandise from the four subject countries covered under the scope of these inquiries should therefore not be subject to any antidumping or countervailing duty liabilities under the Solar 1 Orders until the termination of the emergency declaration as long as the importer(s) and exporter(s) follow proper certification procedures that will be implemented by the USDOC. On May 3, 2023, however, the U.S. Senate voted to repeal President Biden’s emergency declaration. On May 16, President Biden announced that he had vetoed the U.S. Senate’s actions, and the emergency declaration will remain in place until June of 2024.

On August 18, 2023, the USDOC announced the final determinations in the circumvention inquiries of solar cells and modules from China. The USDOC found that certain Chinese producers were shipping solar products through Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand, and/or Vietnam for a period of 24 months, certain minor processing in an attempt to circumvent
35


antidumping and countervailing duties. The final determination affirms the USDOC’s preliminary findings in most respects; however, pursuant to President Biden’s June 6, 2022 emergency declaration, duties will not be collected on crystalline silicon PV cellsany solar module and modulecell imports assembledfrom these four countries until June 2024. The repeal of the President’s emergency declaration, and completedany affirmative determinations made once the suspension is lifted in southeast Asia. Due to these developments the Company has not observed a material decrease in customer demand for our product, and unless the duties are reinstated, the Company does not currently believe the investigation is reasonably likely toany event, would have a materialan adverse effect on future periods.the global solar energy marketplace, and as such, an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

While we do not sell solar modules, the degree of our exposure is dependent on, among other things, the impact of the investigation on the projects that are also intended to use our products, with such impact being largely out of our control. To date, the Company haswe have seen a number of projects in our order book delayed as a result of the USDOC investigation.investigation; however, the ultimate severity or duration of the expected solar panel supply chain disruption or its effects on our clients’ solar project development and construction activities remains uncertain. More broadly, legislation has been proposed that would make it easier for domestic companies to obtain affirmative determinations in antidumping and countervailing duties investigations. The proposed USICA/America COMPETES Act, if enacted, could result in future successful petitions that limit imports from Asia and other regions.

Additionally, certain suppliers could be blocked from importing solar panelsSolar panel imports to the United States underU.S. may also be impacted by the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act (“UFLPA”). UFLPA seeks that was signed into law by President Biden on December 23, 2021. According to block the import of products made with forced labor in certain areas of China. An inter-agency task force produced a report on June 21, 2022 which, among other things, includes a list of entities that are believed to be using or benefiting from forced labor. Some suppliers of solar modules have seen shipments detained by USU.S. Customs and Border Patrol pursuantProtection, “it establishes a rebuttable presumption that the importation of any goods, wares, articles, and merchandise mined, produced, or manufactured wholly or in part in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People’s Republic of China, or produced by certain entities, is prohibited by Section 307 of the Tariff Act of 1930 and that such goods, wares, articles, and merchandise are not entitled to entry to the UFLPA. These detainments haveU.S. The presumption applies unless the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection determines that the importer of record has complied with specified conditions and, by clear and convincing evidence, that the goods, wares, articles, or merchandise were not directly impactedproduced using forced labor.” There continues to be uncertainty in the market around achieving full compliance with UFLPA, whether related to sufficient traceability of materials or other factors. This has created a significant compliance burden and constrained solar panel imports. We cannot currently predict what, if any, of Array’s projects to date; however, we cannot be certain that future detainments will not directly impact projects that use our products and services. Array is monitoring whetherthe UFLPA will affect supplieshave on the overall future supply of solar modules forpanels into the U.S. and the related timing and cost of our clients’ solar project, development and construction activities. While we do not import or sell solar panels, project delays caused by solar panel constraints may negatively impact our product delivery schedules and future sales, and therefore our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Petitions on Aluminum Extrusions
On October 4, 2023, domestic producers filed petitions with the USDOC International Trade Commission, seeking antidumping duties on imports of aluminum extrusions from Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, India, Indonesia, Italy, Malaysia, Mexico, China, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Vietnam, and countervailing duties on such imports from China, Indonesia, Mexico and Turkey.

The merchandise subject to this investigation is aluminum extrusions, regardless of form, finishing or fabrication, whether assembled with other parts or unassembled, whether coated, painted, anodized or thermally improved. Certain components in our trackers, including certain clamps, U-joints, and bearing housings are made using extruded aluminum. It is anticipated that the USDOC will set preliminary countervailing duty rates in March of 2024 and preliminary antidumping rates in May of 2024, with the potential to cover materials imported from December 2023 and February 2024 onward, respectively. We cannot currently predict what, if any, impact the USDOC’s investigation will have on the overall future supply of these components. We continue to monitor developments in the projectsinvestigation and work to whichmitigate its impact on our
36


supply chain, but if we sellare unable to do so, these antidumping and countervailing duties could negatively impact our products.business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Impact of the Ongoing Russian-Ukraine Conflict in Ukraine
The ongoing Russian-Ukraineconflict in Ukraine has reduced the availability of material that can be sourced in Europe and, as a result, increased logistics costs for the procurement of certain inputs and materials used in our products. We do not know ultimate severity or duration of the conflict, in Ukraine, but we continue to monitor the situation and evaluate our procurement strategy and supply chain as to reduce any negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Performance Measures
In managing our business and assessing financial performance, we supplement the information provided by the financial statements with other operating metrics. These operating metrics are utilized by our management to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business and formulate projections. The primary operating metric we use to evaluate our sales performance and to track market acceptance of our products from year to year is megawatts (“MWs”) shipped generally and the change in MW shipped from period to period specifically. MWs are measured for each individual project and calculated based on the expected output of that project once installed and fully operational.

We also utilize metrics related to price and cost of goods sold per MW, including average selling price (“ASP”) and cost per watt (“CPW”). ASP is calculated by dividing total applicable revenues by total applicable MWs, while CPW is calculated by dividing total applicable costs of goods sold by total applicable MWs. These metrics enable us to evaluate trends in pricing, manufacturing cost and customer profitability.

Key Components of Our Results of Operations
The following discussion describes certain line items in our consolidated statements of operations.

39


Revenue
Our operating segments generate revenue from the sale of solar tracking systems, parts and services. Our customers include EPCs, utilities, large solar developers and independent power producers. For each individual solar project, we enter into a contract with our customers covering the price, specifications, delivery dates and warranty for the products being purchased, among other things. Our contractual delivery period for the tracker system and parts can vary from days to several months. Contracts can range in value from hundreds of thousands to tens of millions of dollars.

Our revenue is affected by changes in the volume and ASPs of solar tracking systems purchased by our customers. The quarterly volume and ASP of our systems is driven by the supply of, and demand for, our products, changes in product mix between module type and wattage, geographic mix of our customers, strength of competitors’ product offerings, and availability of government incentives to the end-users of our products.

Our revenue growth is dependent on continued growth in the amount of solar energy projects installed each year as well as our ability to increase our share of demand in each of the geographies where we compete, expanding our global footprint to new evolving markets, growing our production and supply chain capabilities to meet demand, and continuing to develop and introduce new and innovative products that address the changing technology and performance requirements of our customers.

37


Cost of Revenue and Gross Profit
Cost of revenue for both segments consists primarily of product costs, including purchased components, as well as costs related to shipping, tariffs, customer support, product warranty, personnel and depreciation of test and manufacturing equipment. Personnel costs in cost of revenue includes both direct labor costs as well as costs attributable to any individuals whose activities relate to the transformation of raw materials or component parts into finished goods or the transportation of materials to the customer.

Some of these costs, primarily personnel and depreciation of test and manufacturing equipment, are not directly affected by sales volume. Our product costs are affected by the underlying cost of raw materials, including steel and aluminum; component costs, including electric motors and gearboxes; technological innovation; economies of scale resulting in lower component costs and improvements in production processes and automation. In 2021, our business was impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic by increased raw materials and shipping costs and shipping delays which have resulted in reduced margins and in certain instances have incurred remediation costs and liquidated damages owed to the customer. We have modified our processes in order to decrease the impact on our margins from these cost increases; however, we do not know how long the current operating environment will persist. We do not currently hedge against changes in the price of raw materials. Some
In addition, cost of these costs, primarily personnel and depreciationrevenue includes amortization of test and manufacturing equipment, are not directly affected by sales volume.developed technology.

Gross profit may vary from quarter to quarter and is primarily affected by our ASPs, product costs, product mix, customer mix, geographical mix, shipping method, warranty costs and seasonality.

Operating Expenses
Operating expenses consist of general and administrative costs, contingent consideration, as well as depreciation and amortization expense. Personnel-related costs are the most significant component of our operating expenses and include salaries, benefits, payroll taxes and commissions. Our full-time employee headcount in our general and administrative departments has grown from approximately 210 as of December 31, 2021 to approximately 424, due in part to the STI Acquisition, as of September 30, 2022, and we expect to continue to hire new employees to support our growth. The timing of these additional hires could materially affect our operating expenses in any particular period, both in absolute dollars and as a percentage of revenue. We expect to continue to invest substantial resources to support our growth and continued technological
40


advancement and anticipate that general and administrative and depreciation expenses will increase in absolute dollar amounts for the foreseeable future.

General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, equity-based compensation, employee benefits and payroll taxesequity-based compensation related to our executives,executive, sales, engineering, finance, human resources, information technology engineering and legal organizations,personnel, as well as travel, facilitiesfacility costs, marketing, bad debt provision and fees for professional services. Professional services consist of audit, legal, tax, insurance, information technology and other costs. We expect an increase in the number of sales and marketing personnel in connection with the expansion of our global sales and marketing footprint, enabling us to penetrate new markets. The majority of our sales in 2022 were in the U.S.; however, with the STI Acquisition, we continue to expand our international presence with additional global sales staff. We currently have a sales presence in the U.S., Australia, the U.K., Spain, South Africa and Brazil. We intend to continue to expand our sales presence and marketing efforts to additional countries. We also expect thatfees. Further, as a relatively new public company, we willmay incur additional audit, accounting, tax, accounting, legal and other costs related to compliance with applicable securities laws and other regulations, as well as additional insurance, investor relations and other costs associated with being a public company. We also anticipate an increase in our spend related to product innovation as we hire additional engineering resources and increase our external research & development spend.

Contingent Consideration
Contingent consideration consists of the changes in fair value of the Taxes Receivable Agreement (“TRA”) entered into with Ron P. Corio, a former indirect stockholder, concurrent with the Acquisition of Array Technologies Patent Holdings Co., LLC by our Former Parent.Parent, ATI Investment Parent, LLC.

The TRA liability is recorded at fair value and changes in the fair value are recognized in earnings. The TRA will generally provide for the payment by our operating company, Array Tech, Inc. (f/k/a Array Technologies, Inc.), to Ron P. Corio for certain federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax benefits deemed realized in post-closing taxable periods by Array Tech, Inc. from the use of certain deductions generated by the increase in the tax value of the developed technology. Estimating fair value of the TRA is by nature imprecise. The significant fair value inputs used to estimate the future expected TRA payments to Ron P.Mr. Corio include the timing of tax payments, a discount rate, book income projections, timing of expected adjustments to calculate taxable income and the projected rate of use for attributes defined in the TRA.

Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation in our operating expense consists of costs associated with property, plant and equipment (“PP&E”) not used in manufacturing of our products. We expect that as we continue to grow both our revenue and our general and administrative personnel, we will require some additional PP&E to support this growth resulting in additional depreciation expense.

Amortization
38


Amortization of intangibles consists of developed technology, customer relationships, contractual backlog, and the STI trade name amortized over their expected period of use.

41


Non-Operating Expenses
Interest Expense
Interest expense consists of interest and other charges paid in connection with (i) our Senior$575 million senior secured 7-year term loan facility (the “Term Loan Facility”), (ii) our $200 million senior secured 5-year revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility” and, together with the Term Loan Facility, the “Senior Secured Credit Facility andFacility”), (iii) our 1.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2028 (the “Convertible Notes”) issued in December 2021, as well as other debt, and (iv) the Other Debt we assumed in connection with the STI Acquisition.

Legal Settlement

Legal settlement income includes a legal settlement awarded and paid from Nextracker LLC, for $42.8 million for the Company asserting (among other claims) trade secret misappropriation, tortious interference with contract, fraud, and breach of contract (the “Nextracker Litigation”).

Income Tax Expense
We are subject to United StatesU.S. federal and state income taxes as well as foreignand non-U.S. income taxes. As we expand into additional foreign markets, we may be subject to additional foreign tax.

42


Results of Operations

The following table sets forth our consolidated statement of operations (dollars in thousands):

Three Months Ended September 30,Increase/DecreaseNine Months Ended September 30,Increase/Decrease
20222021$%20222021$%
Revenue$515,024 $188,686 $326,338 173 %$1,235,475 $633,442 $602,033 95 %
Cost of revenue434,801 182,789 252,012 138 %1,088,719 560,872 527,847 94 %
Gross profit80,223 5,897 74,326 1260 %146,756 72,570 74,186 102 %
Operating expenses
General and administrative38,911 18,493 20,418 110 %107,881 58,279 49,602 85 %
Contingent consideration(572)936 (1,508)(161)%(5,981)1,071 (7,052)(658)%
Depreciation and amortization23,364 5,984 17,380 290 %70,405 17,949 52,456 292 %
Total operating expenses61,703 25,413 36,290 143 %172,305 77,299 95,006 123 %
Income (loss) from operations18,520 (19,516)38,036 (195)%(25,549)(4,729)(20,820)440 %
Other income (expense)
Other expense, net(399)(297)102 (34)%(27)(497)(470)(95)%
Legal settlement42,750 42,750 100 %42,750 42,750 100 %
Foreign currency gain (loss)(159)159 100 %1,968 1,968 100 %
Interest expense(8,746)(13,109)(4,363)33 %(23,709)(28,769)(5,060)(18)%
Total other income (expense)33,446(13,406)(46,852)349 %20,982(29,266)(50,248)(172)%
Income (loss) before income tax (benefit) expense51,966(32,922)84,888 (258)%(4,567)(33,995)29,428 (87)%
Income tax (benefit) expense11,144(5,361)16,505 (308)%(18,109)(5,493)(12,616)230 %
Net income (loss)$40,822 $(27,561)$68,383 (248)%$13,542 $(28,502)$42,044 (148)%



Three Months Ended September 30,Increase/(Decrease)Nine Months Ended September 30,Increase/(Decrease)
20232022$%20232022$%
Revenue$350,438 $515,024 $(164,586)(32)%$1,234,936 $1,235,475 $(539)— %
Cost of revenue:
Cost of product and service revenue259,419 434,801 (175,382)(40)%892,696 1,088,719 (196,023)(18)%
Amortization of developed technology3,640 3,640 — — %10,918 10,918 — — %
Total cost of revenue263,059438,441(175,382)(40)%903,6141,099,637(196,023)(18)%
Gross profit87,379 76,583 10,796 14 %331,322 135,838 195,484 144 %
Operating expenses:
General and administrative37,432 38,703 (1,271)(3)%115,825 113,064 2,761 %
Change in fair value of contingent consideration190 (572)762 133 %2,232 (5,981)8,213 137 %
Depreciation and amortization9,552 21,258 (11,706)(55)%29,361 63,237 (33,876)(54)%
Total operating expenses47,174 59,389 (12,215)(21)%147,418 170,320 (22,902)(13)%
4339


Income (loss) from operations40,205 17,194 23,011 134 %183,904 (34,482)218,386 633 %
Other (expense) income:
Other (expense), net(446)(1,092)646 59 %(127)(2,295)2,168 (94)%
Interest income3,425 778 2,647 (340)%6,1242,371 3,753 158 %
Legal settlement— 42,750 (42,750)(100)%42,750 (42,750)(100)%
Foreign currency gain (loss)207 (159)366 230 %273 1,968 (1,695)(86)%
Change in fair value of derivative assets116 — 116 100 %(1,140)— (1,140)(100)%
Interest expense(13,064)(8,831)(4,233)(48)%(35,372)(23,812)(11,560)(49)%
Total other (expense) income(9,762)33,446 (43,208)(129)%(30,242)20,982 (51,224)(244)%
Income (loss) before taxes30,443 50,640 (20,197)(40)%153,662 (13,500)167,162 1238 %
Income tax expense (benefit)7,229 9,996 (2,767)(28)%39,508 (23,183)62,691 270 %
Net income$23,214 $40,644 $(17,430)(43)%$114,154 $9,683 $104,471 1079 %

The following table provides details on our operating results by reportable segment for the respective periods (dollars in thousands):

Three Months Ended
September 30,
Increase/DecreaseNine Months Ended
September 30,
Increase/DecreaseThree Months Ended September 30,Increase/(Decrease)Nine Months Ended September 30,Increase/(Decrease)
Revenue:Revenue:20222021$%20222021$%Revenue:20232022$%20232022$%
Array Legacy OperationsArray Legacy Operations$400,463 $188,686 $211,777 112 %$998,292 $633,442 $364,850 58 %Array Legacy Operations$244,857 $400,463 $(155,606)(39)%$895,322 $998,292 $(102,970)(10)%
STI OperationsSTI Operations114,561 — 114,561 100 %237,183 — 237,183 100 %STI Operations105,581 114,561 (8,980)(8)%339,614 237,183 102,431 43 %
Total RevenueTotal Revenue$515,024 $188,686 $326,338 173 %$1,235,475 $633,442 $602,033 95 %Total Revenue$350,438 $515,024 $(164,586)(32)%$1,234,936 $1,235,475 $(539)— %
Gross Profit:
Gross ProfitGross Profit
Array Legacy OperationsArray Legacy Operations$63,921 $5,897 $58,024 984 %$119,029 $72,570 $46,459 64 %Array Legacy Operations$58,233 $60,281 $(2,048)(3)%$241,019 $108,111 $132,908 123 %
STI OperationsSTI Operations16,302 — 16,302 100 %27,727 — 27,727 100 %STI Operations29,146 16,302 12,844 79 %90,303 27,727 62,576 226 %
Total Gross ProfitTotal Gross Profit$80,223 $5,897 $74,326 1260 %$146,756 $72,570 $74,186 102 %Total Gross Profit$87,379 $76,583 $10,796 14 %$331,322 $135,838 $195,484 144 %

Comparison of three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

Revenue
Our consolidated revenue increased by $326.3 million, or 173%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021.

Revenue
Consolidated revenue decreased $164.6 million, or 32%, driven primarily by a decrease in both Array Legacy Operations of 39% and STI Operations of 8%.

40


The increasedecrease in revenue in Array Legacy Operations was partially driven by the STI Acquisition, which added $114.6 million of revenue when compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021.Excluding the impact of the STI Acquisition, revenue was up $211.8 million, or 112%, driven by both an increasea 33% reduction in the total number of MWs shipped due to project delays from our customers, as well as a 9% reduction in ASP due to lower input costs for materials and an increase in ASP.logistics.

Revenue for Array LegacyThe decrease in revenue in STI Operations increased 112% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021. Total MWs shipped were up approximately 63% for the three months ended September 30, 2022,was driven by increased customer demand for our product.a decrease in the number of megawatts shipped, most notably in the Brazil region, which offset lower ASP for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was up 29% compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021, which is reflective of higher pass-through pricing to our customers.

Revenue for STI Operations increased by $114.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021, due to the STI Acquisition occurring in January 2022 with no activity in the prior period.a smaller percentage of construction services being offered.

Cost of Revenue and Gross Profit
Consolidated cost of revenue decreased by $175.4 million, or 40%, driven primarily by a reduction in revenue combined with lower input costs.

Consolidated gross profit increased by $252.0$10.8 million, or 138%,14%. As a percentage of revenue, consolidated gross profit increased to 25% for the three months ended September 30, 20222023, as compared to 15% during the three months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to the increasesame period in the numberprior year. Both operating segments had increases in gross profit as a percent of MWs delivered and the STI Acquisition. Grossrevenue.

Array Legacy Operations gross profit asdecreased by $2.0 million, or 3%. As a percentage of revenue, gross profit increased to 24% from 3%15% for the three months ended September 30, 20212023 and 2022, respectively. The increase in gross profit as a percent of revenue was driven by an improvement in pass through pricing to 16%customers, in addition to cost savings due to improved raw materials pricing and lower logistics rates, as well as a higher proportion of higher margin non-tracker revenue.

STI Operations gross profit increased by $12.8 million, or 79%. As a percentage of revenue, gross profit for STI Operations increased to 28% from 14% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, driven primarily by improved pass through pricing, cost savings opportunities on raw materials and a reduced impact of lower margin construction related services provided.

Operating Expenses:
General and Administrative
Consolidated general and administrative expenses decreased by $1.3 million, or 3%. In the third quarter of 2022, the Company incurred $4.9 million in professional fees related to the STI acquisition for which there were no comparable expenses in the current year. Excluding those fees, expense was up primarily due to an increase in payroll and related costs, driven by an increase in headcount.

Contingent Consideration
Consolidated contingent consideration expense increased by $0.8 million, or 133%, as a result of the increased valuation of the TRA liability.

Depreciation and Amortization
Consolidated depreciation and amortization decreased by $11.7 million or 55%, due to the decrease in the amortization of intangibles of $12.0 million, as the backlog purchased as part of the STI Acquisition had a one-year life and was fully amortized in the first quarter of 2023.

Interest Expense
Consolidated interest expense increased by $4.2 million, or 48%, primarily due to increased variable interest rates charged on our Term Loan Facility as well as the acceleration of $2.5 million of non-cash interest expense related to an unscheduled principal payment made against the outstanding Term Loan balance.
41



We expect interest expense to be higher for the remainder of 2023 compared to 2022 as a result of continued higher variable interest rates.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Consolidated income tax decreased by $2.8 million, or 28%. The Company recorded income tax expense of $7.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to income tax expense of $10.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Our effective tax rate was 23.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, and 19.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in gross profit as a percentage of revenue reflects higher pass-through pricing of our material and logistics costs.

Gross profit as a percentage of revenuetax expense for the Array Legacy Operations increased to 16%three months ended September 30, 2023, was unfavorably impacted by higher income in non-U.S. jurisdictions which have higher tax rates than the U.S. and non-deductible expenses. The tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2022, from 3% forwhich includes $8.7 million related to the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increaselegal settlement discretely recorded in the period, was due to afavorably impacted by losses in non-U.S. jurisdictions which have higher proportion of our projects with improved pass-through pricing of our material and logistics costs.
44


tax rates than the U.S., partially offset by non-deductible expenses.

Gross profit asNet Income
Consolidated net income decreased by $17.4 million, or 43%, driven by a percentage$164.6 million decrease in consolidated revenue and the nonrecurrence in the current year of revenue for the STI segment was 14% fora $42.8 million legal settlement gain recognized by Array Legacy Operations during the three months ended September 30, 2022.

Operating Expenses:
General and Administrative
Consolidated general and administrative expense increased by $20.4 million, or 110%, for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021.The increase in expense was primarily due to increased consulting costs, professional fees, legal costs, as well as higher payroll and related costs due to our growing internal headcount and the STI Acquisition, which had $5.7 million in general and administrative expense.

Contingent Consideration
Consolidated contingent consideration expense decreased by $1.5 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease was due to a decrease in the valuation of the associated liability.

Depreciation
Consolidated depreciation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was similar to the three months ended September 30, 2021.

Amortization of Intangibles
Consolidated amortization of intangibles increased by $17.2 million, or 292%, for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to intangibles added as a result of the STI Acquisition.

Legal Settlement
Legal settlement income increased due tothe Company being awarded and paid a settlement from Nextracker LLC, for $42.8 million for the Company asserting (among other claims) trade secret misappropriation, tortious interference with contract, fraud, and breach of contract (the “Nextracker Litigation”).
Interest Expense
Consolidated interest expense decreased by $4.4 million, or 33%, for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to the write-off of fees associated with refinancing our debt that occurred in the three months ended September 30, 2021 for which we have no similar fees in the current period. As of September 30, 2022, we had $425 million outstanding on the Convertible Notes, $323.6 million outstanding under the Term Loan Facility and no balance outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility. The Credit Facility has variable interest rates that are expected to fluctuate with the Federal Funds rate so interest expense could increase for the Term Loan Facility and the Revolving Credit Facility.

Income Tax Benefit
Consolidated income tax benefit increased by $16.5 million, or 308% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021. The tax expense in the three months ended September 30, 2022 includes tax expense of $8.7 million on the legal settlement income recorded discreetly in the current period. Our effective tax rate, excluding the legal settlement was 26.5% for the three
45


months ended September 30, 2022 and 16.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The tax benefit increase, excluding the legal settlement, is primarily related to non-taxable contingent income, and a favorable mix of income for the three months ended September 30, 2022.

Comparison of the nine months ended September 30, 20222023 and 20212022

Revenue
Consolidated revenue increasedwas flat year over year, driven by $602.0an increase in STI Operations of $102.4 million, offset by a decrease in Array Legacy Operations of $103.0 million.

The $102.4 million, or 95%43%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarilyrevenue increase in STI Operations was driven by a revenue increase of $364.9 million, or 58%, resulting from both an increase in the total number of MWsmegawatts shipped, and an increasemost notably in the Brazil region, which offset lower ASP excluding the impactdue to a smaller percentage of the STI Acquisition. The remainder of the increase in revenue resulted from the STI Acquisition of $237.2 million.construction services being offered.

Revenue forThe $103.0 million, or 10%, revenue decrease in Array Legacy Operations increased 58% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Total MWs shipped were up approximately 31% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022,was driven by increased customer demand for our product.ASP for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was up 20% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, which is reflective of higher pass-through pricing to our customers.

Revenue for STI Operations increased by $237.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, due to the STI Acquisition occurring in January 2022 with no activitya decrease in the prior period.number of megawatts shipped, due primarily to project delays from our customers.

Cost of Revenue and Gross Profit
Consolidated cost of revenue decreased by $196.0 million, or 18%, driven primarily by a reduction in revenue combined with a decrease in input costs.

Consolidated gross profit increased by $527.8$195.5 million, or 94%,144%. As a percentage of revenue, consolidated gross profit increased to 27% for the nine months ended September 30, 20222023, as compared to 11% during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due tosame period in the STI Acquisitionprior year. The increase in gross profit dollars was driven by cost savings opportunities and the higher cost oflower overall costs in logistics and raw materials, a higher proportion of higher margin non-tracker revenue and logistics compared to the prior year period. Grossa decrease in lower margin construction related services.

Array Legacy Operations gross profit asincreased by $132.9 million, or 123%. As a percentage of revenue, gross profit at Array Legacy Operations increased to 27% from 11% for the nine months ended September 30, 20212023 and 2022, respectively. The increase in gross profit as a percent of revenue was driven by an improvement in pass through pricing to customers, in addition to cost savings opportunities in logistics and raw materials, as well as a higher proportion of higher margin non-tracker revenue.
42



STI Operations gross profit increased by $62.6 million, or 226%. As a percentage of revenue, gross profit for STI Operations increased to 27% from 12% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in gross profit as a percentage of revenue reflects better pass-through pricing to our customers to offset higher commodity prices2023 and logistics costs.

Gross profit as a percentage of revenue increased for Array Legacy Operations to 12% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, from 11% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021due torespectively, driven primarily by improved pass through pricing and a reduced impact of commodity costs.

Gross profit as a percentage of revenue was 11% for STI for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.lower margin construction related services provided.

Operating Expenses:
General and Administrative
Consolidated general and administrative expenses increased by $49.6$2.8 million, or 85%, for the nine months ended September 30, 20222%. The increase was driven by higher payroll and related expenses incurred to increase headcount in support of our growth and innovation strategy. These increases were partially offset by no acquisition related expenses in 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in expense was primarily dueexpenses related to the STI Acquisition which resulted in an increase of $11.6 million. Additionally, increased consulting costs and other professional fees, as well as increased headcount, led to higher payroll and related costs.2022.

46


Contingent Consideration
Consolidated contingent consideration expense decreased by $7.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease was due to a decrease in the valuation of the associated liability.

Depreciation
Consolidated depreciation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was similar to the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Amortization of Intangibles
Consolidated amortization of intangibles increased by $52.1$8.2 million, or 296%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to intangibles added137% as a result of the STI Acquisition.increased valuation of the TRA liability, which was driven by a decrease in the credit spread used in the valuation, consistent with the overall downward trend of credit spreads subsequent to 2022.

Legal Settlement
Legal settlement income increased due tothe Company being awardedDepreciation and paid a settlement from Nextracker LLC, for $42.8 million for the Nextracker Litigation.
Other Expense, NetAmortization
Consolidated other income (expense) increaseddepreciation and amortization decreased by $0.5$33.9 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarilyor 54%, due to the STI Acquisition.

Foreign Currency Gain
Consolidated foreign currency gain increased by $2.0decrease in the amortization of intangibles of $34.7 million, foras the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, due to the foreign currency translation gain resulting frombacklog purchased as part of the STI Acquisition.Acquisition had a one-year life and was fully amortized as of the first quarter of 2023.

Interest Expense
Consolidated interest expense decreasedincreased by $5.1$11.6 million, or 18%49%, primarily due to increased variable interest rates charged on our Term Loan Facility as well as the acceleration of $3.6 million of non-cash interest expense related to unscheduled principal payments made against the outstanding Term Loan balance.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Consolidated income tax increased by $62.7 million, or 270%. The Company recorded income tax expense of $39.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to a benefit of $23.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Our effective tax rate was 25.7% and 171.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was unfavorably impacted by higher income in non-U.S. jurisdictions and an increase in income tax expense related to the Put Option, partially offset by benefits related to excess stock compensation deductions recorded discretely during the period. The tax benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, comparedwhich includes $8.7 million related to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to the write-off of fees associated with refinancing our debt that occurredlegal settlement discretely recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 forperiod, was favorably impacted by losses in non-U.S. jurisdictions which we have no similar feeshigher tax rates than the U.S., partially offset by non-deductible expenses.

Net Income
Consolidated net income increased by $104.5 million, or 1,079%, driven by a 144% increase in consolidated gross profit margin and a $22.9 million reduction in operating expenses, partially offset by a $62.7 million increase in income tax expense and the nonrecurrence in the current period. In the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we paid offyear of a portion of our Term Loan Facility and therefore expensed the associated fees that were capitalized. Our outstanding debt as of September 30, 2022 for which interest expense is associated includes $425.0$42.8 million outstanding on the Convertible Notes, $323.6 million outstanding under the Term Loan Facility and no balance outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility. We expect interest expense to be higher for the remainder of 2022 compared to 2021 as a result of the debt outstanding under the Convertible Notes. In addition, the Credit Facility has variable interest rates expected to fluctuate with the Federal Funds rate so interest expense could increase for the Term Loan Facility and the Revolving Credit Facility.

47


Income Tax Benefit
Consolidated income tax benefit increased by $12.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The tax expense in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 includes tax expense of $8.7 million on the legal settlement income which was recorded discretely ingain recognized by Array Legacy Operations during the quarter. Our effective tax rate, excluding the legal settlement benefit was 56.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 16.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The benefit increase excluding the legal settlement, is primarily related to non-taxable contingent consideration and the mix of earnings in foreign jurisdictions partially offset by an increase in non-deductible officer compensation for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2022.

43


Liquidity and Capital Resources

Historical Cash FlowFlows (in thousands)
The following table compares the historical cash flow (in thousands):
Nine Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120232022
Net cash used in operating activities$44,023 $(165,837)
Net cash provided by operating activitiesNet cash provided by operating activities$137,974 $44,023 
Net cash used in investing activitiesNet cash used in investing activities(380,506)(14,227)Net cash used in investing activities(11,615)(380,506)
Net cash provided by financing activities33,146 188,014 
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activitiesNet cash (used in) provided by financing activities(84,442)33,146 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalentsEffect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents(1,555)— Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents(1,808)(1,555)
Net change in cash and cash equivalentsNet change in cash and cash equivalents$(304,892)$7,950 Net change in cash and cash equivalents$40,109 $(304,892)

We have historically financed our operations primarily with the proceeds from capital contributions, operating cash flows and short and long-term borrowings. Our ability to generate positive cash flow from operations is dependent on the strength of our gross margins as well as our ability to quickly turn our working capital. Due toBased on our past performance and current macroeconomic conditions, our industry has seen rapid changes in commodity prices, global tightening of supply chains, and strained logistics. These factors adversely impacted our business, causing us to experience decreased margins and thus decreased cash from operations. In addition, they led to an increase in our unbilled receivables and in some instances liquidated damages owed to our customers. Unbilled receivables, which represent temporary timing differences between shipments made and billing milestones achieved, were $137.0 million and $111.2 millions of the accounts receivable balances as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. These amounts have not been billed becauseexpectations, we are waiting for agreed upon billing stipulations such as billing on a specified date of the month or upon completion of MW deliveries. The Company continues to improve its supply chain, logistics, and labor shortage issues to avoid causing any additional delays in delivering specific components to complete a MW delivery. Accordingly, we would expect the unbilled receivable balance as a percentage of revenue to improve once the billing criteria is satisfied and the customers are invoiced. The extent to which macroeconomic concerns, including the COVID-19 pandemic, rising interest rates, elevated inflation levels and the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, may further impact the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition andbelieve that operating cash flows will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence.

We have taken mitigating steps to overcome the economic challenges and, therefore, believe the impact to be temporary, as demonstrated by our sequential margin improvement over the last four quarters. Mitigation efforts to date have generally consisted of the introduction of new supply routes, the use of bulk shipping (to a limited degree), and—with respect to commodity price increases—changes in the Company’s contracting process that are designed to narrow the timeframe between when a price is agreed upon to when prices for the Company’s most volatile cost inputs are fixed. The Company has utilized these strategies in combination over
48


the last twelve months and expects to continue to do so in response to the recent challenging environment. We continuously evaluate our abilitysufficient to meet our obligations over the next 12 months and we have sufficient liquidity as well as financing options available to fund current and future commitments.

In January 2022, we issued 50,000 of Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock (as defined below), and 1,125,000 shares of our common stock in an Additional Closing (as defined below) for an aggregate purchase price of $49.4 million.cash needs.

As of September 30, 2022,2023, our cash balance was $174.0 million, of which $62.5 million was held outside the U.S., and cash equivalents were $62.8 million. Netnet working capital as of September 30, 2022 was $358.7$462.6 million.

As of September 30, 2022, we We had outstanding borrowings of $323.6$239.3 million under theour $575 million Term Loan Facility and a $200.0$175.1 million commitmentavailable to us under our $200 million Revolving Credit Facility.

The Company continually monitors and reviews its liquidity position and funding needs. Management believes that the Company’s ability to generate operating cash flows in the future and available borrowing capacity under its Senior Secured Credit Facility of which no balance is outstanding and $166.6 million was availablewill be sufficient to borrow to fund operations.meet its future liquidity needs.

Operating Activities
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, cash provided by operating activities was $138.0 million, of which $184.8 million was generated from net income as adjusted for the impact of non-cash expenses, consisting primarily of depreciation and amortization, equity-based compensation, amortization of developed technology, and amortization of debt discount and issuance costs. Increases in accrued expenses and other of $18.5 million, accounts payable of $14.4 million, and inventory of $12.6 million, were partially offset by decreases in deferred revenue of $78.2 million and accounts receivable of $6.4 million.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, cash provided by operating activities was $44.0 million,
primarily due to an increase in net income and the Company being awarded and paid a settlement from
Nextracker LLC, for $42.8$42.8 million for the Nextracker Litigation. In addition, accounts payable and accruals
increased cash by $42.2 million and $41.3 million, respectively, driven by higher expenses associated with
higher sales, offset by a use from accounts receivable of $139.0 million driven primarily by higher sales.

Investing Activities
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021,2023, net cash used in operatinginvesting activities was $165.8$11.6 million, primarily due a decrease in deferred revenueall of $68.5 million for which we made paymentswas related to our suppliers for products that we received the cash for in 2020, but that we did not ship until 2021, an increase in accounts receivablepurchase of $58.2 million,property, plant and an increase in inventories of $55.4 million.equipment.

Investing Activities
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, net cash used in investing activities was $380.5 million, primarily due to cash used in the STI Acquisition.

44


Financing Activities
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021,2023, net cash used in investingprovided by financing activities was $14.2$84.4 million, driven primarily attributable toby $73.2 million in payments on our Term Loan and a $12.0$8.5 million investment in equity securities.net reduction of other debt.

Financing Activities
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, net cash provided by financing activities was $33.1 million, of which and $48.4 million related to proceeds from the Additional Closing in January 2022 offset by a dividend payment of $18.4 million on the Series A preferred stock.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, net cash used by financing activities was $188.0 million, of which $345.6 million was proceeds from the Series A that closed on August 11, 2021, $102.0 million was from proceeds under the Revolving Credit Facility, offset by a $132.2 million payment on the Term Loan Facility, a $102.0 million payment of the Revolving Credit Facility, $11.1 million in equity issuance costs associated with the Series A and $6.6 million in fees paid on the Senior Secured Credit Facility and to increase the limit on the Revolving Credit Facility by $50.0 million.

49


Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock
On August 10, 2021, the Companywe entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) with BCP Helios Aggregator L.P., a Delaware limited partnershipcertain investors (the “Purchaser”“Purchasers”), an investment vehicle of funds affiliated with Blackstone Inc.. Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, on August 11, 2021, the Companywe issued and sold to the Purchaser 350,000 shares of a newly designated Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, of the Company, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series A Perpetual Preferred Stock”Shares”), having the powers, designations, preferences, and other rights set forth in the Certificate of Designations, and 7,098,765 shares of the Company’sour common stock, par value $0.001 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $346.0 million. Further, pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, and subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, including the expiry or termination of the waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended, the Company haswe have issued and sold to the PurchaserPurchasers 776,235 shares of common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $776. For more information related to the Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, see Note 13 – Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

In January 2022, we issued 50,000 of Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock,Shares, and 1,125,000 shares of our common stock in anthe Additional Closing for an aggregate purchase price of $49,376,125.$49.4 million.

Registration Rights Agreement
In connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement, on August 10, 2021, the Company and the Purchaser entered into a Registration Rights Agreement pursuantFor more information related to which, among other things, the Company granted the Purchaser certain registration rights with respect to common stock purchased pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, including customary shelf registration rights and “piggyback” registration rights.

Direct costs associated with the issuance of the securities were $11.1 million, which along with the $4.4 million discount, have been accounted for as a reduction in the proceeds of the securities. These net proceeds of $334.6 million have been allocated on the balance sheet to the preferred shares of $229.8 million, common stock of $105.4 million and additional paid-in capital of $12.4 million for the committed financing put right. The Company has presented the preferred shares in temporary equity and is accreting the carrying amount to its full redemption amount from the date of issuance to the earliest redemption date using the effective interest method. Such accretion totaled $5.9 million and $17.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

The Company accreted the dividends at an accrual rate of 6.25% to the Liquidation Preference of the Series A Shares, see Note 8 – Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock or $6.1 million and $18.7 million in dividends, for,” to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

Debt Obligations
For a discussion of our debt obligations see Note 107 Senior Secured Credit Facility and Note 11 – Convertible Debt into our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report.

Surety Bonds
As of September 30, 2022, we posted surety bonds in the total amount of approximately $175.2 million. We are required to provide surety bonds to various parties as required for certain transactions initiated during the ordinary course of business to guarantee the Company’sour performance in accordance with contractual or legal obligations. As of September 30, 2023, we posted surety bonds in the total amount of approximately $217.6 million. These off-balance sheet arrangements do not adversely impact our liquidity or capital resources.

50


Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Management Estimates
AsOur condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the (“U.S. GAAP”). In connection with the preparation of September 30, 2022,our condensed consolidated financial statements, we are required to make assumptions and estimates about future events and apply judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and related disclosures. We base our assumptions, estimates and judgments on historical experience, current trends and other factors that management believes to be relevant at the time our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared. On a regular basis, we review the accounting policies, assumptions, estimates and judgments to ensure that our condensed consolidated financial statements are presented fairly and in accordance with U.S. GAAP. However, because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates. To the extent that there wereare material differences between
45


these estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows will be affected.
We consider an accounting policy to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the followingtime the estimate is made, and if different estimates that reasonably could have been used, or changes in the application of our critical accounting policies or estimation procedures from those presented in our 2021 Annual Report.estimates that are reasonably likely to occur periodically, could materially impact the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The capped call option agreements associated with conversion of the Convertible Notes (the “Capped Calls”) are accounted for as an asset that is recorded at fair value within Derivative assets in the consolidated balance sheets. The changes in fair value to Derivative assets are recorded within change in fair value of derivative assets in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 1 – Organization, Business Combinationsand Out of Period Adjustments, and Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the accounting of these instruments.

The Company accounts for its business acquisitions under the acquisition method of accounting in accordanceCapped Calls are valued using a Black-Scholes model, with the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805 Business Combinations (“ASC 805”). The excess ofmost judgmental non-observable input being the purchase price overvolatility measure. Changes in the assumptions around the volatility can cause significant changes in the estimated fair values of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management’s judgment and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including assumptions with respect to future cash inflows and outflows, discount rates, asset lives, and market multiples amongst other items. The valuation of intangible assets, in particular, requires that we use valuation techniques such as the income approach. The income approach includes the use of a discounted cash flow model, which includes discounted cash flow scenarios and requires the following significant estimates: revenue, expenses, capital spending and other costs, and discount rates based on the respective risks of the cash flows. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the aggregate amount of consideration we pay for a company is allocated to net tangible assets and intangible assets based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The excess of the purchase price over the value of the net tangible assets and intangible assets is recorded to goodwill. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment annually.Capped Call.

Foreign Currency TranslationAdoption of New and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
For non-U.S. subsidiaries that operate in
Refer to Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our condensed consolidated financial statements for a local currency environment, assetsdiscussion of adoption of new and liabilities are translated into the U.S. dollar at period end exchange rates. Income, expense and cash flow items are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the period. Translation adjustments for these subsidiaries are accumulated as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income in equity. For non-U.S. subsidiaries that use a U.S. dollar functional currency, local currency inventories and property, plant and equipment are translated into U.S. dollars at rates prevailing when acquired, and all other assets and liabilities are translated at period end exchange rates. Inventories charged to cost of revenue and depreciation are remeasured at historical rates, and all other income and expense items are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the period. Gains and losses which result from remeasurement are included in earnings.recently issued accounting pronouncements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Customer Financing Exposure
We are also indirectly exposed to interest rate risk because many of our customers depend on debt financings to purchase our product. An increase in interest rates could make it challenging for our customers to obtain the capital necessary to make such purchases on favorable terms, or at all. Such factors could reduce demand or lower the price we can charge for our product, thereby reducing our net sales and gross profit.

Commodity and Component Risk
We are exposed to price risks for the raw materials, components, logistics services, and energy costs used in the manufacturing and transportation of our product. Additionally, some of our raw materials and components are sourced from a limited number of suppliers or a single supplier. We evaluate our suppliers using a robust qualification process. In some cases, we also enter into long-term supply contracts for raw materials and components. Accordingly, we are exposed to price changes in the raw materials and components used in our our product. In addition, the failure of a key supplier could disrupt our supply chain, which could result in higher prices and/or a disruption in our manufacturing process. We may be unable to pass along changes in the costs
51


of the raw materials and components for our product, or the costs associated with logistics services for the distribution of our product, to our customers and may be in default of our delivery obligations if we experience a manufacturing disruption.

46


Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.
We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (1) recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2022.2023. Based upon the evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at a reasonable assurance level, due to the material weaknesses identified during the three months ended June 30, 2022, in addition to those previously identified and disclosed in our 20212022 Annual Report.Report and listed below. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting (“ICFR”) such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’sour annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

Management determined that the previously disclosed material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reportingICFR continue to exist at September 30, 2022.2023. Specifically:

Control Environment, Risk Assessment and Monitoring Activities – We did not maintain appropriately designed entity-level controls impacting the control environment and effective monitoring controls to prevent or detect material misstatements to the consolidated financial statements. These deficiencies were attributed to (i) a lack of a sufficient number of qualified resources and inadequate oversight and accountability over the performance of control activities, (ii) ineffective identification and (ii)assessment of risks to properly design and implement relevant controls, and (iii) ineffective evaluation and determination as to whether the components of internal control were present and functioning.

Control Activities – These material weaknesses contributed to the following additional material weaknesses within certain business processes:

Inventory – We did not appropriately design, implement, and implementexecute controls over the existence, accuracy, and cutoff of inventory. As previously reported, we identified a material weakness relating to inventory cut-off and in-transit inventory.
Revenue Recognition – (i) We did not appropriately design, implement and maintain effective controls over revenue recognized for certain contractsrecognition, relating to the proper application of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Specifically, we did not maintain effective controls relating to the (1) identification and recognition of performance obligations for customer contracts and (2) evaluation of customer contracts for potential combination.
52


Accounts Receivable – We did not fullyappropriately design, implement and maintain effective controls over the existence of accounts receivable. Specifically, we did not design certain controls at an appropriate precision level to identifyensure the identification of material misstatements.
Sales Order EntryFinancial Reporting, Consolidation and Business CombinationWe did not appropriately design, implement and maintain effective controls over the accuracy of revenue, specifically related to the sales order entryfinancial reporting process. WeSpecifically, we did not maintain effective controls related to (i) preparation of consolidated financial statements, (ii) the accounting for the business combination, including management review controls over contract entrythe valuation and
47


purchase price allocation, at an appropriate level of precision to ensure accuratedetect a material misstatement, and (iii) consolidation of our subsidiaries. In addition, we did not maintain sufficient appropriate audit evidence to demonstrate execution of the related controls.
Foreign Currency – We did not appropriately design, implement, and execute controls over foreign currency, including (i) lack of identifying and recording our foreign subsidiaries’ goodwill and intangibles balances in the proper functional currency in our information systems.consolidated financial statements, and (ii) performing proper foreign currency translations. This resulted in the restatement of the Company’s interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Consolidation STI -- As 2023 is the first year STI is required to be Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 compliant, management is in the process of conducting a formal ICFR assessment of STI and has identified material weaknesses in STI’s ICFR as follows:
We did not design, implement and maintain effectivemonitor general information technology controls over the consolidation of our foreign subsidiaries which resulted in a classification error of certain personnel costs in the consolidated Companyareas of program change management, user access, and segregation of duties for systems supporting substantially all of STI’s internal control processes.
We did not design and implement formal accounting policies, procedures and controls across substantially all of STI’s business processes to achieve timely, complete and accurate financial statements.accounting, reporting, and disclosures.

After giving full consideration to these material weaknesses, and the additional analyses and other procedures that we performed to ensure that our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, our management has concluded that our condensed consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods disclosed in conformity with U.S. GAAP.

Remediation Plan for Existing Material Weaknesses
We are in the process of, and continue to focus on, designing and implementing effective measures to strengthen our internal controls over financial reportingICFR and remediate the material weaknesses. Our planned remediation efforts include the following:

Control Environment, Risk Assessment and Monitoring – Consistent with the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission’s 2013 Internal Control — Integrated Framework (COSO 2013 Framework), Principle 4, attracting, developing, and retaining competent personnel, we hired a Chief Accounting Officer (“CAO”) who is providing an additional level of technical accounting expertise, oversight, and monitoring of the design and performance of both existing and newly implemented controls as noted below. Subsequent to the addition of the new CAO, weWe have hired and will continue to hire additional resources throughout the remainder of 20222023 in accounting and IT to supplement our existing capabilities and capacity,capacity; and we will concentrate on retaining key accounting, IT, and operational personnel. These actions will further serveIn 2023, we have engaged an outside global consulting firm to remediate the material weakness under the COSO 2013 Framework, Principle 16, by enhancing the efforts towards separate evaluations regarding the presence and functionalitysupport our continued enhancement of the componentsdesign and operation of internal control,monitoring controls and other activities that will allow us to timely assess the design and the operating effectiveness of our ICFR. In addition to enhancing our ICFR overall, the consulting firm has been specifically infocused on the areasidentification of new controls and the improvement of existing controls related to STI, inventory management, revenue recognition and accounts receivable sales order entry, and the consolidation process as noted below.well as business combination controls for future acquisitions.

Control Activities:
Inventory – We continue to implement planned information system enhancements and the expansion of current information system capabilities, which will result in improved reliance on automated controls and less reliance on manual controls. Additionally, we are enhancing the design of existing controls and are implementing new controls over the accounting, processing and recording of inventory. Specifically, we have strengthened the designoperation of the managementcontrol activities over inventory-in-transit, deploying multiple levels of review control over inventory-in-transit. Additionally, we have implemented processes to ensure timely identification and evaluationvalidation of inventory cut-offinformation and are requiring additional accountability from counterparties on the accuracy of incoming and outgoing shipmentsupporting documentation. We have deployedexpect to deploy final phases of information system enhancements and improvedby the useend of current system capabilities in order to improve the accuracy of inventory cut-off, reporting, and reconciliation.
Revenue Recognition – We have enhanced the design of existing controls and have implemented new controls over the review of the application and recording of revenue for customer contracts under the guidance outlined in ASC 606. We have also designed and implemented more precise reviews and documentation regarding evaluation of contract terms and whether contracts should be combined. These reviews include increased contract analysis from our legal team as well as ensuring qualified2023.
5348


resources are involvedRevenue Recognition and adequate oversightAccounts Receivable is performed during the internal technical accounting review process.
Accounts Receivable– We have enhanced the design of existing controls and implemented new controls over the processing and review of accounts receivable billings. We are supplementing our accounting staff with more experienced personnel. In addition, we will continue to evaluate our information system capabilities in order to reduce the manual calculations within thisthe revenue recognition business process.
Sales Order Entry Processprocesses. We are enhancing the design of our existing controls over contract value adjustments. Specifically,have begun to deploy information systems enhancements targeted at eliminating manual processes. Additionally, we have implemented additional procedures for our accounting staff to obtain and review documentation to confirm that contract value changes completed by the sales order entry process are accurate. In addition, we will evaluate information system capabilities to reduce the manual calculations within this business process.
Consolidation Process – We are enhancing the design of existing controls to ensure completeness and accuracy of underlying source data for revenue recognition and customer billing, as well as designing monitoring controls to increase oversight and timely detection of potential errors. Lastly, we will continue to supplement our accounting staff with more experienced personnel which will enable us to incorporate an additional level of review.

Foreign Currency – We have implemented information system enhancements which will automate this previously manual process. We will we utilize the enhancements in parallel with our manual process for the near term until the enhancements are fully deployed and the process is completely automated. We have continued to enhance the design of existing controls and processes related to the foreign currency translation process and over the consolidation of foreign entities into the Company’sour condensed consolidated financial statements. Additionally, we will strengthen

Other Areas – We are in the process of remediation activities, including enhancing the design and operating effectiveness of controls around our ICFR. We are actively working with an outside global consulting firm to assist us with (i) reviewing our current processes, procedures, and systems to assess our ICFR to identify opportunities to enhance the design of controls to address relevant risks identified by management, and (ii) enhancing and implementing protocols to retain sufficient documentary evidence of operating effectiveness of such controls. Additional activities in process include the following:
Continuing to enhance and formalize our accounting and business operations policies, procedures, and controls to achieve complete, accurate, and timely financial accounting, reporting and necessary disclosures;
Enhancing policies and procedures to retain adequate documentary evidence for relevant management review controlcontrols over certain business processes including precision of review and evidence of review procedures performed to demonstrate effective operation of such controls; and
Developing monitoring controls and protocols that will allow us to timely assess the consolidation process include better-documented review criteria, review responsibilitiesdesign and review expectations. In addition, we will evaluate information system capabilitiesthe operating effectiveness of controls over financial reporting and make necessary changes to further automate the partially manual consolidation process.design of controls, if any.

While these actions taken and planned actionscurrently in process are subject to ongoing management evaluation and will require validation and testing of the design and operating effectiveness of internal controls over a sustained period of financial reporting cycles, we are committed to the continuous improvement of our internal control over financial reporting and will continue to review our internal control over financial reporting.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We acquired STI on January 11, 2022. As a result, we are reviewing the impact of the acquisition to our overall control environment and are making appropriate changesOther than as deemed necessary to our control structure. The scope of management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures for fiscal year end 2022 will not include the internal control over the financial reporting of STI, in accordance with the SEC’s staff guidance that permits exclusion of acquisitions from their final assessment of internal control over financial reporting for the fiscal year in which the acquisition occurred. Due to the size, breadth and complexity of STI’s global operation, management’s evaluation of internal control over financial reporting for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 will exclude the internal control activities of STI. STI represented 15% of total consolidated assets of the Company at September 30, 2022, excluding goodwill and intangible assets which are included within the scope of management’s assessment, and approximately 24% and 20% of total consolidated revenues of the Company for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Except for the changes in internal control related to the acquisition of STI,discussed above, there have beenwere no other changes to our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended September 30, 2022,2023, that have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

49


Item 1. Legal Proceedings

On August 30, 2017,See Note 11 – Commitments and Contingencies under the Company filed its first amended complaint in the U.S. District Courtheading “Legal Proceedings” of our condensed consolidated financial statements for the District of New Mexico against Nextracker LLC, Daniel S. Shugar, Marco Garcia, Flextronics International U.S.A., Inc., Scott Graybeallegal proceedings and Colin Mitchell (collectively, the “Defendants”) asserting (among other claims) trade secret misappropriation, tortious interference with contract, fraud, and breach of contract (the “Nextracker Litigation”).
54


On July 15, 2022, the Company settled its claims against Defendants for $42.8 million and received payment on August 4, 2022.

On May 14, 2021, a putative class action was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York (the “Southern District of New York” or the “Court”) against the Company and certain officers and directors alleging violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and Rule 10b-5, promulgated thereunder, and Sections 11, 12(a)(2) and 15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1933 (“Plymouth Action”). The Plymouth Action alleges misstatements and/or omissions in the Company’s registration statements and prospectuses related matters. In addition to the Company’s October 2020 initial public offering (“IPO”), the Company’s December 2020 offering (the “2020 Follow-On Offering”), and the Company’s March 2021 offering (the “2021 Follow-On Offering”) during the putative class period of October 14, 2020 through Maylawsuits described in Note 11 2021.

On June 30, 2021, a second putative class action was filed in the Southern District of New York against the Company and certain officers and directors alleging violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and Rule 10b-5, promulgated thereunder, and Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1933 (“Keippel Action”). The Keippel Action similarly alleged misstatements and/or omissions in certain of the Company’s registrationto our condensed consolidated financial statements, and prospectuses related to the Company’s IPO, the Company’s 2020 Follow-On Offering, and the Company’s 2021 Follow-On Offering during the putative class period of October 14, 2020 through May 11, 2021. On July 6, 2021, the Court entered an order that the Keippel Action was in all material respects substantially similar to the Plymouth Action that both actions arise out of the same or similar operative facts, and that the parties are substantially the same parties. The Court accordingly consolidated the Keippel Action with the Plymouth Action for all pretrial purposes and, ordered all filings to be made in the Plymouth Action.

On July 16, 2021, a verified derivative complaint was filed in the Southern District of New York against certain officers and directors of the Company (“First SDNY Derivative Action”). The complaint alleges: (1) violations of Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for misleading proxy statements, (2) breach of fiduciary duty, (3) unjust enrichment, (4) abuse of control, (5) gross mismanagement, (6) corporate waste, (7) aiding and abetting breach of fiduciary duty, and (8) contribution under sections 10(b) and 21D of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

On July 30, 2021, a second and related verified derivative complaint was filed in the Southern District of New York against certain officers and directors of the Company (“Second SDNY Derivative Action”). The complaint alleges: (1) violations of Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for causing the issuance of a false/misleading proxy statement, (2) breach of fiduciary duty, and (3) aiding and abetting breaches of fiduciary duty. On August 24, 2021, the Second SDNY Derivative Action was consolidated with the First SDNY Derivative Action, the Court appointed co-lead counsel, and the case was temporarily stayed pending the entry of an order on all motions to dismiss directed at the pleadings filed in the Plymouth Action. The stay shall remain in effect until the later of (a) the entry of an order on any motions to dismiss the Plymouth Action or, (b) to the extent the complaint in the Plymouth Action is amended, the entry of an order on any motions to dismiss any such amended complaints in the Plymouth Action.

On September 21, 2021, the Court in the Plymouth Action appointed a group comprised of institutional investors Plymouth County Retirement Association and Carpenters Pension Trust Fund for Northern California as lead plaintiff.

On December 7, 2021, an amended class action complaint was filed by lead plaintiff in the Plymouth Action against the Company and certain officers and directors alleging violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and Rule 10b-5, promulgated thereunder, and Sections 11, 12(a)(2), and 15
55


of the Securities Exchange Act of 1933, on behalf of a putative class of persons and entities that purchased or otherwise acquired the Company’s securities during the period from October 14, 2020 through May 11, 2021 (the “Consolidated Amended Complaint”). The Consolidated Amended Complaint alleges misstatements and/or omissions in: (1) certain of the Company’s registration statements and prospectuses related to the Company’s IPO, the Company’s 2020 Follow-On Offering, and the Company’s 2021 Follow-On Offering; (2) in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and associated press release announcing results for the fourth quarter and full fiscal year 2020; and (3) in the Company’s November 5, 2020 and March 9, 2021 earnings calls.

On August 17, 2022, the Court in the Plymouth Action set a briefing schedule for any motion to dismiss with the opening motion and supporting memorandum to be filed on or before October 17, 2022, any opposition to be filed on or before December 16, 2022, and any reply in support of the motion to be filed on or before January 16, 2023. The Company and the other defendants in the Plymouth Action filed a join motion to dismiss the Consolidated Amended Complaint on October 17, 2022.

On August 3, 2022, a verified derivative complaint was filed in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (the “Court of Chancery”) against certain officers and directors of the Company asserting claims for: (1) breach of fiduciary duty and (2) unjust enrichment (“First Delaware Derivative Action”).

On August 11, 2022, a second verified derivative complaint was filed against certain officers and directors of the Company in the Court of Chancery asserting claims for: (1) breach of fiduciary duty; (2) aiding and abetting breaches of fiduciary duty; (3) waste of corporate assets; (4) unjust enrichment; (5) insider selling; and (6) aiding and abetting insider selling (“Second Delaware Derivative Action”).

On September 2, 2022, the Second Delaware Derivative Action was consolidated with the First Delaware Derivative Action, the Court of Chancery appointed co-lead counsel, and the case was temporarily stayed pending the entry of an order on all motions to dismiss directed at the pleadings filed in the Plymouth Action. The stay shall remain in effect until the later of (a) the entry of an order on the pending motion to dismiss the Consolidated Amended Complaint in the Plymouth Action, (b) to the extent the Consolidated Amended Complaint in the Plymouth Action is further amended, the entry of an order on any motions to dismiss any such amended complaints in the Plymouth Action, or (c) the public announcement of a settlement of the Plymouth Action.

From time to time we may be involved in litigation relating to claims arising outin the ordinary course of business. To our knowledge, other than the cases described in Note 11 to our condensed consolidated financial statements, no material legal proceedings, governmental actions, investigations or claims are currently pending against us or involve us that, in the opinion of our operations and businesses that cover a wide range of matters, including, among others, intellectual property matters, contract and employment claims, personal injury claims, product liability claims and warranty claims. Currently, there are no claims or proceedings against us that we believe willmanagement, could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, the results of any current or future litigation cannot be predicted with certainty and, regardless of the outcome, we may incur significant costs and experience a diversion of management resources as a result of litigation.condition.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Except to the extent additional factual information disclosed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report relates to such risk factors (including, without limitation, the matters discussed in Part I, Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”) there were no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, in our 20212022 Annual Report.

56


Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, and Use of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Information regarding our unregistered sales of equity securities can be found in Note 13 – Redeemable Perpetual Preferred, to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.During the third quarter of 2023, certain of our directors and officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) entered into contracts, instructions or written plans for the purchase or sale of our securities that are intended to satisfy the conditions specified in Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act for an affirmative defense against liability for trading in securities on the basis of material nonpublic information. We refer to these contracts, instructions, and written plans as “Trading Plans” and each one as a “Trading Plan.”

The following table sets forth the material terms of these Trading Plans:
50


Director/OfficerAction & Date of ActionCommencement of Trading Period
Scheduled Termination of Trading Period (1)





Security Covered
Maximum Number of Securities to be Purchased or Sold Pursuant to the Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan (2)
Covers Purchase or Sale?
Kevin Hosteller, Chief Executive OfficerAdoption September 5, 2023January 12, 2024August 30, 2024Common Stock50,511Sale

(1)     The plans are subject to earlier termination under certain circumstances specified in the plans, including upon the sale or purchase (as applicable) of all shares subject to the plan and upon either party to a plan giving notice of termination within the time prescribed under the plan.
(2) Subject to adjustments for stock splits, stock combinations, stock dividends and other similar changes to our common stock.





Item 6. Exhibits

NumberExhibit DescriptionFormDateNo.
3.1

8-K10/19/20203.1
3.2

8-K10/19/20203.2
3.3

8-K8/11/20213.1
10.38-K01/11/202210.1
10.178-K04/05/202210.3
31.1*

31.2*

32.1**

32.2**

101.INSXBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
NumberExhibit DescriptionFormDateNo.
3.18-K10/19/20203.1
3.28-K10/19/20203.2
3.38-K8/11/20213.1
31.1*
31.2*
32.1**
32.2**
101.INSXBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
5751


NumberExhibit DescriptionFormDateNo.
101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104Cover Page Interactive Data Files

* Filed herewith
** Furnished herewith
5852


SIGNATURES


Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Array Technologies, Inc.

By:/s/ Kevin G. HostetlerDate:November 8, 20227, 2023
Kevin G. Hostetler
Chief Executive Officer
By:/s/ Nipul PatelDate:November 8, 20227, 2023
Nipul Patel
Chief Financial Officer

5953