UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
 
(Mark One)
 
☒     QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30,December 31, 2023
or
☐        TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the transition period from                      to                      
 
Commission file number: 001-41400
 
ASPEN TECHNOLOGY, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 87-3100817
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)		 (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
20 Crosby Drive  
Bedford
Massachusetts 01730
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code): (781) 221-6400

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each ClassTrading SymbolName of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common stock, $0.0001 par value per shareAZPNNasdaq Global Select Market


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days:   Yes ý No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ý No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


 Large accelerated filerý Accelerated filer      ☐
 Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company☐
Emerging growth company☐
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.    o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act): Yes ☐ No ý

There were 63,699,35463,548,821 shares of common stock outstanding as of OctoberJanuary 31, 2023.2024.















Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
  Page
 
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
   
4
4
5
6
7
8
9
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2732
2832
   
 
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
 
   
2934
2934
3035
3035
3035
3136
3237
 
SIGNATURES
 
 
Aspen Technology, Inc. (“AspenTech”) has many registered trademarks including aspenONE and Aspen Plus. All other trade names, trademarks and service marks appearing in this Form 10-Q not owned by AspenTech are the property of their respective owners.
 
Our fiscal year ends on June 30th, and references to a specific fiscal year are to the twelve months ended June 30th of such year (for example, “fiscal 2024” refers to the year ending June 30, 2024).






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PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.    Financial Statements.
 Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
ASPEN TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
 
Three Months Ended December 31,Three Months Ended December 31,Six Months Ended December 31,
2023202220232022
Three Months Ended September 30,
20232022
(Dollars and Shares in Thousands, Except per share data)(Dollars and Shares in Thousands, Except per Share Data)
Revenue:Revenue:  Revenue:  
License and solutionsLicense and solutions$148,648 $160,224 
MaintenanceMaintenance84,968 78,366 
Services and otherServices and other15,692 12,229 
Total revenueTotal revenue249,308 250,819 
Cost of revenue:Cost of revenue:  
License and solutionsLicense and solutions71,578 69,513 
License and solutions
License and solutions
MaintenanceMaintenance10,200 9,217 
Services and otherServices and other16,282 12,400 
Total cost of revenueTotal cost of revenue98,060 91,130 
Gross profitGross profit151,248 159,689 
Operating expenses:Operating expenses:  
Selling and marketingSelling and marketing122,378 118,274 
Selling and marketing
Selling and marketing
Research and developmentResearch and development53,676 49,740 
General and administrativeGeneral and administrative35,405 42,848 
Restructuring costs— 9 
Total operating expensesTotal operating expenses211,459 210,871 
Loss from operationsLoss from operations(60,211)(51,182)
Other expense, net(5,830)(58,632)
Other (expense) income, net
Interest income, netInterest income, net14,049 5,023 
Loss before benefit for income taxesLoss before benefit for income taxes(51,992)(104,791)
Benefit for income taxes(17,467)(93,547)
(Benefit) provision for income taxes
Net lossNet loss$(34,525)$(11,244)
Net loss per common share:Net loss per common share:  
Basic
Basic
BasicBasic$(0.54)$(0.17)
DilutedDiluted$(0.54)$(0.17)
Weighted average shares outstanding:Weighted average shares outstanding:  
BasicBasic64,319 64,454 
Basic
Basic
DilutedDiluted64,319 64,454 
 
See accompanying notes to these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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ASPEN TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
 
Three Months Ended December 31,Three Months Ended December 31,Six Months Ended December 31,
2023202220232022
Three Months Ended September 30,
20232022
(Dollars in Thousands)(Dollars in Thousands)
Net lossNet loss$(34,525)$(11,244)
Other comprehensive loss:
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustmentsForeign currency translation adjustments(11,201)(8,865)
Total other comprehensive loss(11,201)(8,865)
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
Comprehensive lossComprehensive loss$(45,726)$(20,109)
 
See accompanying notes to these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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ASPEN TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
September 30, 2023June 30, 2023
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data)
ASSETSASSETS  
ASSETS
ASSETS
Current assets:
Current assets:
Current assets:Current assets: 
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$120,540 $241,209 
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents
Accounts receivable, net
Accounts receivable, net
Accounts receivable, netAccounts receivable, net87,977 122,789 
Current contract assets, netCurrent contract assets, net369,019 367,539 
Current contract assets, net
Current contract assets, net
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assetsPrepaid expenses and other current assets32,010 27,728 
Receivables from related partiesReceivables from related parties59,458 62,375 
Receivables from related parties
Receivables from related parties
Prepaid income taxes
Prepaid income taxes
Prepaid income taxesPrepaid income taxes15,319 11,424 
Total current assetsTotal current assets684,323 833,064 
Total current assets
Total current assets
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, netProperty, equipment and leasehold improvements, net17,484 18,670 
GoodwillGoodwill8,328,192 8,330,811 
Goodwill
Goodwill
Intangible assets, net
Intangible assets, net
Intangible assets, netIntangible assets, net4,549,858 4,659,657 
Non-current contract assets, netNon-current contract assets, net547,617 536,104 
Non-current contract assets, net
Non-current contract assets, net
Contract costs
Contract costs
Contract costsContract costs17,138 15,992 
Operating lease right-of-use assetsOperating lease right-of-use assets64,322 67,642 
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Deferred income tax assets
Deferred income tax assets
Deferred income tax assetsDeferred income tax assets12,019 10,638 
Other non-current assetsOther non-current assets19,721 13,474 
Other non-current assets
Other non-current assets
Total assets
Total assets
Total assetsTotal assets$14,240,674 $14,486,052 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYLIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY  
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current liabilities:
Current liabilities:Current liabilities:  
Accounts payableAccounts payable$15,301 $20,299 
Accounts payable
Accounts payable
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilitiesAccrued expenses and other current liabilities79,536 99,526 
Due to related partiesDue to related parties29,253 22,019 
Due to related parties
Due to related parties
Current operating lease liabilities
Current operating lease liabilities
Current operating lease liabilitiesCurrent operating lease liabilities12,570 12,928 
Income taxes payableIncome taxes payable48,461 46,205 
Income taxes payable
Income taxes payable
Current contract liabilities
Current contract liabilities
Current contract liabilitiesCurrent contract liabilities117,110 151,450 
Total current liabilitiesTotal current liabilities302,231 352,427 
Total current liabilities
Total current liabilities
Non-current contract liabilities
Non-current contract liabilities
Non-current contract liabilitiesNon-current contract liabilities27,671 30,103 
Deferred income tax liabilitiesDeferred income tax liabilities911,967 957,911 
Deferred income tax liabilities
Deferred income tax liabilities
Non-current operating lease liabilities
Non-current operating lease liabilities
Non-current operating lease liabilitiesNon-current operating lease liabilities52,485 55,442 
Other non-current liabilitiesOther non-current liabilities19,401 19,240 
Other non-current liabilities
Other non-current liabilities
Stockholders’ equity:Stockholders’ equity:  
Common stock, $0.0001 par value
Authorized—600,000,000 shares
Issued— 65,030,408 and 64,952,868 shares
Outstanding— 63,855,939 and 64,465,242 shares
6 6 
Stockholders’ equity:
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.0001 par value
Authorized—600,000,000 shares
Issued— 65,170,178 and 64,952,868 shares
Outstanding— 63,620,668 and 64,465,242 shares
Common stock, $0.0001 par value
Authorized—600,000,000 shares
Issued— 65,170,178 and 64,952,868 shares
Outstanding— 63,620,668 and 64,465,242 shares
Common stock, $0.0001 par value
Authorized—600,000,000 shares
Issued— 65,170,178 and 64,952,868 shares
Outstanding— 63,620,668 and 64,465,242 shares
Additional paid-in capital
Additional paid-in capital
Additional paid-in capitalAdditional paid-in capital13,230,178 13,194,028 
Accumulated deficitAccumulated deficit(75,916)(41,391)
Accumulated deficit
Accumulated deficit
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) incomeAccumulated other comprehensive (loss) income(8,765)2,436 
Treasury stock, at cost — 1,174,469 and 487,626 shares of common stock(218,584)(84,150)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income
Treasury stock, at cost — 1,549,510 and 487,626 shares of common stock
Treasury stock, at cost — 1,549,510 and 487,626 shares of common stock
Treasury stock, at cost — 1,549,510 and 487,626 shares of common stock
Total stockholders’ equity
Total stockholders’ equity
Total stockholders’ equityTotal stockholders’ equity12,926,919 13,070,929 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equityTotal liabilities and stockholders’ equity$14,240,674 $14,486,052 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

 See accompanying notes to these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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ASPEN TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Common StockAdditional Paid-in CapitalAccumulated DeficitTreasury StockTotal Stockholders’ Equity
Number of Shares
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Common StockAdditional Paid-in CapitalAccumulated DeficitTreasury StockTotal Stockholders’ Equity
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Number of SharesPar ValueAdditional Paid-in CapitalAccumulated DeficitNumber of SharesCostTotal Stockholders’ Equity
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data)
Balance June 30, 2023Balance June 30, 2023$2,436 64,952,868 $6 $13,194,028 $(41,391)487,626 $(84,150)$13,070,929 
Net Loss— — — — (34,525)— — (34,525)
Balance June 30, 2023
Balance June 30, 2023
Net loss
Other comprehensive lossOther comprehensive loss(11,201)— — — — — — (11,201)
Issuance of shares of common stockIssuance of shares of common stock— 29,644 — 3,826 — — — 3,826 
Issuance of restricted stock units and net share settlement related to withholding taxesIssuance of restricted stock units and net share settlement related to withholding taxes— 47,896 — (4,585)— — — (4,585)
Repurchase of common stockRepurchase of common stock— — — 20,210 — 686,843 (134,434)(114,224)
Stock-based compensationStock-based compensation— — — 16,699 — — — 16,699 
Balance September 30, 2023Balance September 30, 2023$(8,765)65,030,408 $6 $13,230,178 $(75,916)1,174,469 $(218,584)$12,926,919 
Net loss
Other comprehensive income
Issuance of shares of common stock
Issuance of restricted stock units and net share settlement related to withholding taxes
Repurchase of common stock
Stock-based compensation
Balance December 31, 2023


Accumulated Other Comprehensive LossAccumulated Other Comprehensive LossCommon StockAdditional Paid-in CapitalRetained EarningsTotal Equity/Stockholders’ Equity
Number of Shares
Accumulated Other Comprehensive LossCommon StockAdditional Paid-in CapitalRetained EarningsTotal Equity/Stockholders’ Equity
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive LossNumber of SharesPar ValueAdditional Paid-in CapitalRetained EarningsTotal Equity/Stockholders’ Equity
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Data)
Balance June 30, 2022
Balance June 30, 2022
Balance June 30, 2022Balance June 30, 2022$(4,588)64,425,378 $6 $13,107,570 $66,369 $13,169,357 
Net lossNet loss— — — — (11,244)(11,244)
Other comprehensive lossOther comprehensive loss(8,865)— — — — (8,865)
Issuance of shares of common stockIssuance of shares of common stock— 71,547 — 8,489 — 8,489 
Issuance of restricted stock units and net share settlement related to withholding taxesIssuance of restricted stock units and net share settlement related to withholding taxes— 34,375 — (4,683)— (4,683)
Stock-based compensationStock-based compensation— — — 17,736 — 17,736 
Balance September 30, 2022Balance September 30, 2022$(13,453)64,531,300 $6 $13,129,112 $55,125 $13,170,790 
Net loss
Other comprehensive income
Issuance of shares of common stock
Issuance of restricted stock units and net share settlement related to withholding taxes
Stock-based compensation
Balance December 31, 2022

See accompanying notes to these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ASPEN TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Six Months Ended December 31,
Six Months Ended December 31,
Six Months Ended December 31,
20232022
Three Months Ended September 30,
20232022
(Dollars in Thousands)(Dollars in Thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:Cash flows from operating activities:  
Net lossNet loss$(34,525)$(11,244)
Net loss
Net loss
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:  
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization123,219 122,546 
Reduction in the carrying amount of right-of-use assetsReduction in the carrying amount of right-of-use assets3,562 3,291 
Net foreign currency lossesNet foreign currency losses5,894 8,332 
Stock-based compensationStock-based compensation16,699 17,736 
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes(51,080)(70,438)
Provision for uncollectible receivablesProvision for uncollectible receivables1,788 3,609 
Other non-cash operating activitiesOther non-cash operating activities19 3,225 
Changes in assets and liabilities:Changes in assets and liabilities:  
Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable
Accounts receivableAccounts receivable29,417 8,009 
Contract assetsContract assets(24,062)(68,357)
Contract costsContract costs(1,163)(3,451)
Lease liabilitiesLease liabilities(3,770)(1,659)
Prepaid expenses, prepaid income taxes, and other assetsPrepaid expenses, prepaid income taxes, and other assets(17,022)(47,004)
Liability from foreign currency forward contractLiability from foreign currency forward contract— 50,259 
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, income taxes payable and other liabilitiesAccounts payable, accrued expenses, income taxes payable and other liabilities4,735 (13,476)
Contract liabilitiesContract liabilities(36,730)3,699 
Net cash provided by operating activitiesNet cash provided by operating activities16,981 5,077 
Cash flows from investing activities:Cash flows from investing activities:  
Purchases of property, equipment and leasehold improvementsPurchases of property, equipment and leasehold improvements(937)(1,321)
Purchases of property, equipment and leasehold improvements
Purchases of property, equipment and leasehold improvements
Payments for business acquisitions, net of cash acquiredPayments for business acquisitions, net of cash acquired(8,273)(74,947)
Payments for business acquisitions, net of cash acquired
Payments for business acquisitions, net of cash acquired
Payments for equity method investments
Payments for equity method investments
Payments for equity method investmentsPayments for equity method investments(98)— 
Payments for capitalized computer software development costsPayments for capitalized computer software development costs— (99)
Payments for asset acquisitionsPayments for asset acquisitions(12,500)— 
Payments for asset acquisitions
Payments for asset acquisitions
Net cash used in investing activitiesNet cash used in investing activities(21,808)(76,367)
Net cash used in investing activities
Net cash used in investing activities
Cash flows from financing activities:Cash flows from financing activities:  
Issuance of shares of common stock
Issuance of shares of common stock
Issuance of shares of common stockIssuance of shares of common stock3,285 8,470 
Repurchases of common stockRepurchases of common stock(114,224)— 
Payment of tax withholding obligations related to restricted stockPayment of tax withholding obligations related to restricted stock(1,938)(3,422)
Deferred business acquisition paymentsDeferred business acquisition payments— (1,363)
Repayments of amounts borrowed under term loanRepayments of amounts borrowed under term loan— (6,000)
Net transfers from Parent CompanyNet transfers from Parent Company3,890 12,446 
Payments of debt issuance costsPayments of debt issuance costs— (2,375)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activitiesNet cash (used in) provided by financing activities(108,987)7,756 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalentsEffect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents(6,855)(3,733)
Decrease in cash and cash equivalentsDecrease in cash and cash equivalents(120,669)(67,267)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of periodCash and cash equivalents, beginning of period241,209 449,725 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of periodCash and cash equivalents, end of period$120,540 $382,458 
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:  
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Income taxes paid, net
Income taxes paid, net
Income taxes paid, netIncome taxes paid, net$31,842 $6,950 
Interest paidInterest paid$663 $3,815 
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activities:Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activities:
Change in purchases of property, equipment and leasehold improvements included in accounts payable and accrued expensesChange in purchases of property, equipment and leasehold improvements included in accounts payable and accrued expenses$249 $(702)
Change in purchases of property, equipment and leasehold improvements included in accounts payable and accrued expenses
Change in purchases of property, equipment and leasehold improvements included in accounts payable and accrued expenses
Lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assetsLease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets$397 $68 

See accompanying notes to these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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ASPEN TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
1.    Organization and Basis of Presentation
AspenTech, together with its subsidiaries (the “Company”), is a leading industrial software company that develops solutions to address complex industrial environments where it is critical to optimize the asset design, operations and maintenance lifecycle. Through theThe Company’s unique combination of product capabilities, deep domain expertise and award-winning innovation helps customers across diverse end markets in capital-intensive industries can improve their operational excellence while achieving sustainability goals.
The Company operates globallyhas revenue from customers in 120117 countries as of September 30,December 31, 2023.
Basis of Presentation
The Company has prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30,December 31, 2023, and for the first quarterssecond quarter of fiscal 2024 and 2023 pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated and combined financial statements and the notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023.
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with GAAP requires us to make judgments, assumptions, and estimates that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The actual results that the Company experiences may differ materially from these estimates.
Russia and Ukraine
The Company maintains limited operations in Russia and licenses software and provides related services to customers in Russia and areas of Ukraine that are not under sanction. The Company had revenuesrevenue of approximately $7.2$5.8 million and $10.0$16.8 million for the three months ended September 30,December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $13.0 million and $26.8 million for the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company had total assets of approximately $37.8$35.2 million and $39.7 million as of September 30,December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023, respectively, related to operations in Russia.
The Company may be required to cease or suspend operations in Russia or, should the conflict or the effects of sanctions, export control measures and business restrictions worsen, the Company may voluntarily elect to do so. For example, theThe Company recently has terminated all engineering services in Russia and the Company has limited its operations to contract renewals only with existing customers. While the Company continues to evaluate the impact if any, of the various sanctions export control measures and business restrictions imposed by the United States and other governments and financial institutions on the Company’s ability to doconduct business in Russia, and areas of Ukraine that are not under sanction, maintain contracts with vendors and pay employees in Russia, and receive payment from customers in Russia and areas of Ukraine that are not under sanction, there is no assurance that the Company will be able to do so in the future. Any disruption to, or suspension of, the Company’s business and operations in Russia would result in the loss of revenue and assets from the business in Russia and would negatively impact growth. The Company may also suffer reputational harm as a result of continued operations in Russia, which may adversely impact sales and other businesses in other countries.
2.    Significant Accounting Policies
Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023. There were no material changes to our significant accounting policies during the threesix months ended September 30,December 31, 2023.
(a)     Revenue Recognition
Prior to the third quarter of fiscal 2023, Open Systems International, Inc. (“OSI Inc.”) software licenses were primarily sold with professional services and hardware to form an integrated solution for the customer. The professional services and hardware sold with the license significantly customized the underlying functionality and usability of the software. As such, none of the software license, hardware or professional services were considered distinct within the context of the contract and were therefore considered a single performance obligation. Because the integrated solution had no alternative use to the Company and the Company held an enforceable right to payment, revenue was recognized over time (typically one to two years) using an input measure of progress based on the ratio of actual costs incurred to date to the total estimated cost to
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complete. For integrated solution contracts executed prior to the third quarter of fiscal 2023, revenue continues to be recognized over time until the implementation is complete.
At the start of the third quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company completed a series of business transformation activities relating to OSI Inc. products and services in conjunction with its ongoing integration activities. As part of a change in the related go-to-market strategy, the Company has invested in tools and processes to simplify and streamline the implementation services to significantly reduce the complexity and interdependency associated with its software. In addition, the Company has identified and trained several third-party implementation service partners to operate autonomously and directly with OSI Inc. customers to implement its products.
Accordingly, effective January 1, 2023, following the completion of these business transformation activities, for all newprospective OSI Inc. contracts entered into after January 1, 2023, the Company accounts for the OSI Inc. software license, hardware, maintenance, and professional services as separate and distinct performance obligations. Software license revenue is recognized at a point in time when control transfers to the customer, which generally aligns with the first day of the contractual term. Hardware revenue is recognized at the point in time when control transfers to the customer, which generally occurs upon delivery. The recognition of maintenance revenue at OSI Inc. is unchanged. Maintenance revenueunchanged and continues to be recognized ratably over the maintenance term. Professional services revenue is recognized over time (typically one to two years) using the proportional performance method by comparing the costs incurred to the total estimated project costs.
(b)     Recently Issued Accounting PronouncementsStandards Not Yet Adopted
RecentlyIn October 2023, the FASB issued accounting pronouncements thatAccounting Standards Updated (“ASU”) 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative (“ASU 2023-06”). ASU 2023-06 was issued to modify the disclosure or presentation requirements of a variety of topics in the codification. The effective date for each amendment will be applicable to the date on which the SEC removal of the related disclosure from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K becomes effective, with early adoption prohibited. The Company aredoes not expectedexpect the adoption of ASU 2023-06 to have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”). ASU 2023-07 expands segment disclosures by requiring disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss, an amount and description of its composition for other segment items, and interim disclosures of a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets. The disclosures required under ASU 2023-07 are also required for public entities with a single reportable segment. The ASU is effective for the Company’s condensed consolidatedfirst fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2023 and for interim periods within the Company’s first fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2023-07 to have a material impact on its financial statements.position or results of operations.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”). ASU 2023-09 requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. The ASU is effective for the Company’s first fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2024. The guidance will be applied on a prospective basis with the option to apply the standard retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2023-09 to have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.
3.    Revenue from Contracts with Customers
Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities
Contract assets are subject to credit risk and reviewed in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 326, Financial Instruments Credit Losses. The Company monitors the credit quality of customer contract asset balances on an individual basis, at each reporting date, through credit characteristics, geographic location, and the industry in which they operate. The Company recognizes an impairment on contract assets if, subsequent to contract inception, it becomes probable payment is not collectible. An allowance for expected credit loss reflects losses expected over the remaining term of the contract asset and is determined based upon historical losses, customer-specific factors, and current economic conditions. The potential impact of credit losses on contract assets was immaterial as of September 30,December 31, 2023.
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The Company’s contract assets and contract liabilities were as follows as of September 30,December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023:
December 31, 2023December 31, 2023June 30, 2023
September 30, 2023June 30, 2023
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
Contract assetsContract assets$916,636 $903,643 
Contract liabilitiesContract liabilities(144,781)(181,553)
Net contract assetsNet contract assets$771,855 $722,090 
The majority of the Company’s contract balances are related to arrangements where revenue is recognized at a point in time and payments are made according to a contractual billing schedule. The change in the net contract asset balance during the threesix months ended September 30,December 31, 2023 was primarily due to greater revenue recognition as compared to billings. Revenue recognized duringfrom the first quarter of fiscal 2024 included $41.0 million that was included in the beginning contract liability balance.
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June 30, 2023, was $47.4 million and $88.4 million for the three and six months ended December 31, 2023, respectively.
Transaction Price Allocated to Remaining Performance Obligations
The following table includes the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated as of September 30,December 31, 2023 to the performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) at the end of the reporting period:
Year Ending June 30,Year Ending June 30,
202420242025202620272028ThereafterTotal
Year Ending June 30,
20242025202620272028ThereafterTotal
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
License and solutionsLicense and solutions$108,987 $96,644 $42,092 $14,588 $2,396 $1,279 $265,986 
MaintenanceMaintenance223,670 223,635 164,342 114,089 69,953 33,105 828,794 
Services and otherServices and other53,036 22,957 8,941 2,868 952 157 88,911 
TotalTotal$385,693 $343,236 $215,375 $131,545 $73,301 $34,541 $1,183,691 
Disaggregated Revenue Information
The table below reflects disaggregated revenues by business for the three months and six months ended September 30,December 31, 2023 and 2022:
Three Months Ended December 31,Three Months Ended December 31,Six Months Ended December 31,
20232023202220232022
Three Months Ended September 30,
20232022
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
Heritage AspenTechHeritage AspenTech$175,743 $176,406 
Subsurface Science & EngineeringSubsurface Science & Engineering24,081 32,988 
OSI, Inc.OSI, Inc.49,484 41,425 
TotalTotal$249,308 $250,819 
The Company did not have any customers that accounted for 10 percent or more of the Company’s revenues for the three and six months ended September 30,December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
4.    Acquisitions 
Inmation Software GmbH
On August 29, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of inmation Software GmbH (“Inmation”) for total cash consideration of $87.2 million. The purchase price consisted of $78.9 million of cash paid at closing and an additional $8.3 million in indemnification holdbacks, which was paid on August 18, 2023. The total cash acquired from Inmation was approximately $6.4 million resulting in a net cash payment of $72.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2022. The Company recognized goodwill of $63.0 million (none of which is expected to be tax deductible) and identifiable intangible assets of $31.5 million, primarily consisting of developed technology and customer relationships, with a useful life of approximately five years for developed technology and seven years for customer relationships.
Inmation’s revenue included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations was $0.8 million and $0.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $1.3 million and $1.2 million for the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Inmation’s net loss included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations duringwas $2.2 million and $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30,December 31, 2023 were $0.5and
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2022, respectively, and $2.3 million and $0.1$1.1 million for the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Results included amortization of developed technology and customer relationships of $1.5 million and $1.4 million.million for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 respectively, and $2.9 million and $1.9 million for the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Prior to the closing date, Inmation was considered a related party to AspenTech as Emerson Electric Co. (“Emerson” or “Parent Company”), through one of its subsidiaries, held an equity-method investment in Inmation. At the time of close, $17.6 million was paid to Emerson in exchange for all its shares in Inmation, with another $1.9 million paid for an indemnification holdback 12 months after the close on August 18, 2023.
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5.    Intangible Assets 
Intangible assets consist of the following as of September 30,December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023:
December 31, 2023December 31, 2023
Developed TechnologyDeveloped TechnologyTrademarksCustomer Relationships and BacklogCapitalized Software and OtherTotal
September 30, 2023
Developed TechnologyTrademarksCustomer Relationships and BacklogCapitalized Software and OtherTotal
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
Gross carrying amountGross carrying amount$1,903,599 $464,400 $3,082,541 $24,026 $5,474,566 
Less: Accumulated amortizationLess: Accumulated amortization(393,392)(14,931)(507,170)(9,215)(924,708)
Net carrying amountNet carrying amount$1,510,207 $449,469 $2,575,371 $14,811 $4,549,858 
June 30, 2023
June 30, 2023
June 30, 2023
Developed TechnologyDeveloped TechnologyTrademarksCustomer Relationships and BacklogCapitalized Software and OtherTotal
June 30, 2023
Developed TechnologyTrademarksCustomer Relationships and BacklogCapitalized Software and OtherTotal
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
Gross carrying amountGross carrying amount$1,903,599 $464,400 $3,082,541 $11,526 $5,462,066 
Less: Accumulated amortizationLess: Accumulated amortization(341,964)(13,821)(437,673)(8,951)(802,409)
Net carrying amountNet carrying amount$1,561,635 $450,579 $2,644,868 $2,575 $4,659,657 
Of the total intangible assets net carrying amount of $4.5$4.4 billion as of September 30,December 31, 2023, $430.0 million relates to the registered trademarks associated with the Transaction (as defined below)in Note 15, “Related-Party Transactions”) that are not subject to amortization. Total intangible asset amortization expense was $121.7 million and $121.2 million during the three months ended September 30,December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $243.4 million and $242.3 million during the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
6.    Goodwill
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the threesix months ended September 30,December 31, 2023 were as follows:
Carrying Value
(Dollars in Thousands)
Balance as of June 30, 2023$8,330,811 
Foreign currency translation(2,619)(814)
Balance as of September 30,December 31, 2023$8,328,1928,329,997 
7.    Leases
On December 26, 2023, the Company entered into an amendment to its existing lease agreement at its principal executive offices located in Bedford, Massachusetts (the “Lease Amendment”). Under the Lease Amendment, the Company: (i) extended the term of the existing lease for approximately 132,000 rentable square feet from March 2025 to March 2038, and (ii) obtained an additional approximate 23,000 rentable square feet of office space, also through March 2038.
The Company accounted for the Lease Amendment as a lease modification. Accordingly, the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities were remeasured using an incremental borrowing rate at the date of modification. This lease modification resulted in the recording of an additional right-of-use asset and lease liability of $32.9 million recognized on the condensed consolidated balance sheet, which is reflected net of a $25.4 million leasehold improvement incentive to be paid directly to external vendors by the landlord under the Lease Amendment. As invoices are paid by the landlord during construction of the
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improvements, the Company will increase the balances of the lease liability and construction-in-process assets, which is included within property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. When placed into service, the construction-in-process assets will be reclassified to leasehold improvements and depreciated over the shorter of the remaining term of the lease or the life of the underlying asset.
Operating lease costs are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. The components of total lease expense for the three and six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:
Three Months Ended December 31,Six Months Ended December 31,
 2023202220232022
 (Dollars in Thousands)
Operating lease expense$5,023 $4,352 $9,489 $8,387 
Variable lease expense193 216 416 425 
Short term lease expense147 199 304 (96)
Total lease expense$5,363 $4,767 $10,209 $8,716 
The following table summarizes the balances of the Company’s operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023:
December 31, 2023June 30, 2023
(Dollars in Thousands)
Operating lease right-of-use assets$97,035 $67,642 
Current operating lease liabilities$13,810 $12,928 
Non-current operating lease liabilities$83,812 $55,442 
The weighted-average remaining lease term for operating leases was approximately 12 years and 9 years, and the weighted-average discount rate was approximately 4.0% and 3.0% as of December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023, respectively.
The following table represents the future maturities of the Company’s operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023:
Fiscal Year Ending June 30,(Dollars in Thousands)
2024$2,345 
20259,018 
20269,422 
202713,104 
202812,510 
Thereafter103,490 
Total lease payments149,889 
Less: imputed interest(26,882)
Less: leasehold improvement incentives to be utilized(25,385)
Total lease maturities$97,622 
8.    Fair Value
The Company determines fair value by utilizing a fair value hierarchy that ranks the quality and reliability of the information used in its determination. Fair values determined using “Level 1 inputs” utilize unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access. Fair values determined using “Level 2 inputs” utilize data points that are observable, such as quoted prices, interest rates and yield curves for similar assets and liabilities. 
Cash equivalents are reported at fair value utilizing quoted market prices in identical markets, or “Level 1 Inputs.” The Company’s cash equivalents consist of short-term money market instruments.
Equity method investments are reported at fair value calculated in accordance with the market approach, utilizing market consensus pricing models with quoted prices that are directly or indirectly observable, or “Level 2 Inputs.”
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The following table summarizes financial assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30,December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value:
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September 30,December 31, 2023
 Level 1 InputsLevel 2 Inputs
 (Dollars in Thousands)
Cash equivalents$29,2647,715 $— 
Equity method investments$— $2,6512,398 
June 30, 2023
Level 1 InputsLevel 2 Inputs
(Dollars in Thousands)
Cash equivalents$132,918 $— 
Equity method investments$— $2,673 
Financial instruments not measured or recorded at fair value in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements consist of accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The estimated fair value of these financial instruments approximates their carrying value. The estimated fair value of the borrowings under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (described below in Note 8,10, “Debt”) approximates its carrying value due to the floating interest rate.
8.9.     Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets consist of the following:
 December 31, 2023June 30, 2023
 (Dollars in Thousands)
Compensation-related$54,729 $62,162 
Professional fees4,042 6,265 
Accrued taxes2,941 3,065 
Royalties and outside commissions422 654 
Acquisition-related5 8,984 
Other18,920 18,396 
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities$81,059 $99,526 
10.    Debt
Credit Agreement with Related Party
On December 23, 2022, the Company entered into a credit agreement with Emerson (the “Emerson Credit Agreement”), which provided for an aggregate term loan commitment of $630.0 million. Under the terms of the Emerson Credit Agreement, the Company would have used the proceeds from borrowings under the Emerson Credit Agreement to pay, in part, the cash consideration for funding the acquisition of Mining Software Holdings Pty Ltd (“Micromine”) and to pay the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the Emerson Credit Agreement.
On August 18, 2023, the Emerson Credit Agreement was terminated in connection with the termination of the agreement to purchase Micromine. There was no amount outstanding under the Emerson Credit Agreement at the time it was terminated.
Amended and Restated Credit Agreement
The Company has an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”) with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (“JPMorgan”) that provides for a $200.0 million secured revolving credit facility.
As of September 30,December 31, 2023, after taking into account eligible outstanding letters of credit allowable per the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement in the aggregate amount of $2.3$2.6 million, the Company had $197.7$197.4 million available for borrowing under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. Any outstanding balances of the indebtedness under the revolving credit facility will mature on December 23, 2024.
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The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including restrictions on incurring additional debt, liens, fundamental changes, asset sales, restricted payments (including dividends) and transactions with affiliates. There are also financial covenants measured at the end of each fiscal quarter including a maximum leverage ratio of 3.50 to 1.00 and a minimum interest coverage ratio of 2.50 to 1.00. As of September 30,December 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.
9.11.    Stock-Based Compensation 
The stock-based compensation expense under all equity plans and its classification in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended September 30,December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:
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Three Months Ended December 31,Three Months Ended December 31,Six Months Ended December 31,
2023202220232022
Three Months Ended September 30,
20232022
(Dollars in Thousands)(Dollars in Thousands)
Cost of license and solutionsCost of license and solutions$680 $742 
Cost of maintenanceCost of maintenance488 561 
Cost of services and otherCost of services and other498 408 
Selling and marketingSelling and marketing2,942 3,347 
Research and developmentResearch and development4,553 3,611 
General and administrativeGeneral and administrative7,538 9,067 
Total stock-based compensationTotal stock-based compensation$16,699 $17,736 
Stock Options
The table below summarizes activities related to stock options for the threesix months ended September 30,December 31, 2023:
Number of SharesWeighted Average Exercise PriceWeighted Average Remaining Contractual Term
Aggregate Intrinsic Value(1)
(in years)(in thousands)
Number of SharesNumber of SharesWeighted Average Exercise PriceWeighted Average Remaining Contractual Term
Aggregate Intrinsic Value(1)
(in years)(in years)(in thousands)
Outstanding as of June 30, 2023Outstanding as of June 30, 20231,005,826 $144.17 6.44$32,935 
GrantedGranted1,471 $171.56 
ExercisedExercised(30,235)$129.34 
Exercised
Exercised
Cancelled / ForfeitedCancelled / Forfeited(2,621)$169.56 
Outstanding as of September 30, 2023974,441 $161.26 6.32$59,148 
Exercisable as of September 30, 2023666,826 $128.61 5.33$50,814 
Vested and expected to vest as of September 30, 2023956,660 $143.96 6.28$58,658 
Cancelled / Forfeited
Cancelled / Forfeited
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023
Exercisable as of December 31, 2023
Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2023
__________
(1)     The aggregate intrinsic value in this table represents any excess of the closing market price of the Company'sCompany’s common stock as of September 30,December 31, 2023 ($204.26)220.15) over the exercise price of the underlying options.
Restricted Stock Units and Performance Stock Units
Restricted stock units and performance stock units are not included in issued and outstanding common stock until the units are vested and the underlying shares are settled. The table below summarizes activities related to restricted stock units and performance stock units for the threesix months ended September 30,December 31, 2023:
Number of Shares Underlying Restricted Units — Performance-Based AwardsNumber of Shares Underlying Restricted Units — Time-Based Awards
(Dollars in Thousands)
Outstanding as of June 30, 2023— 456,368 
Granted93,689 179,795 
Settled— (71,780)
Cancelled / Forfeited— (4,703)
Outstanding as of September 30, 202393,689 559,680 
Weighted average remaining recognition period of outstanding restricted units (in years)2.752.98
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense of outstanding restricted units$12,342 $58,485 
Aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding restricted units$19,137 $114,320 
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Number of Shares Underlying Restricted Units — Performance-Based AwardsNumber of Shares Underlying Restricted Units — Time-Based Awards
(Dollars in Thousands)
Outstanding as of June 30, 2023— 456,368 
Granted94,174 186,938 
Settled— (229,807)
Cancelled / Forfeited(716)(12,792)
Outstanding as of December 31, 202393,458 400,707 
Weighted average remaining recognition period of outstanding restricted units (in years)2.503.03
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense of outstanding restricted units$8,824 $43,170 
Aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding restricted units$14,418 $86,235 
The weighted average grant date fair value per restricted stock unit was $193.74$192.21 and $208.96$246.15 during the three months ended September 30,December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $193.74 and $209.79 during the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The weighted average grant date fair value per performance stock unit was $194.00$199.06 and $194.03 during the three and six months ended September 30,December 31, 2023, respectively, and there were no granted or outstanding performance stock units granted during the three and six months ended September 30,December 31, 2022.
During the three months ended September 30, 2023,Beginning in fiscal 2024, the Company granted performance stock units with a performance condition and service condition. These performance stock units vest on a cliff basis in three years based upon the achievement
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of predefined performance goals, with the ability for 25% of granted awards to vest on an accelerated basis in each of the first two years. The performance goal relates to the sum of (i) annual contract value growth and (ii) free cash flow margin over the performance period. Up to 175% of the performance stock units could vest upon achievement of the performance goals. Conversely, if a minimum performance goal is not met, none of the performance stock units will vest. On a quarterly basis, management evaluates the probability that the threshold performance goals will be achieved, if at all, and the anticipated level of attainment to determine the amount of compensation expense to record in the condensed consolidated financial statements.
10.12.    Net Loss Per Share
Basic (loss) income per share is determined by dividing net (loss) income by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted (loss) income per share is determined by dividing net (loss) income by diluted weighted average shares outstanding during the period. Diluted weighted average shares reflect the dilutive effect, if any, of potential common shares. To the extent their effect is dilutive, employee equity awards and other commitments to be settled in common stock are included in the calculation of diluted net (loss) income per share based on the treasury stock method.
The calculations of basic and diluted net loss per share and basic and dilutive weighted average shares outstanding for the three and six months ended September 30,December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:
Three Months Ended December 31,Three Months Ended December 31,Six Months Ended December 31,
20232023202220232022
Three Months Ended September 30,
20232022
(Dollars and Shares in Thousands, Except per Share Data)(Dollars and Shares in Thousands, Except per Share Data)
Net lossNet loss$(34,525)$(11,244)
Basic weighted average shares outstandingBasic weighted average shares outstanding64,319 64,454 
Basic weighted average shares outstanding
Basic weighted average shares outstanding
Dilutive weighted average shares outstandingDilutive weighted average shares outstanding64,319 64,454 
Loss per share  
Dilutive weighted average shares outstanding
Dilutive weighted average shares outstanding
Net loss per share
Net loss per share
Net loss per share  
BasicBasic$(0.54)$(0.17)
DilutiveDilutive$(0.54)$(0.17)
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For the three and six months ended September 30,December 31, 2023, and 2022 certain employee equity awards were anti-dilutive based on the treasury stock method. The following employee equity awards were excluded from the calculation of dilutive weighted average shares outstanding because their effect would be anti-dilutive as of September 30,December 31, 2023 and 2022:
Three Months Ended September 30,
 20232022
 (Shares in Thousands)
Employee equity awards1,449 286 
Three Months Ended December 31,Six Months Ended December 31,
 2023202220232022
 (Shares in Thousands)
Employee equity awards1,433 1,574 1,352 1,479 
11.13.    Stock Repurchases
On May 5, 2023, the Company entered into an accelerated share repurchase program (“ASR Program”) with JPMorgan to repurchase an aggregate of $100.0 million of the Company’s common stock. Pursuant to the terms of the ASR Program, the Company made an initial payment to JPMorgan and received an initial delivery of 487,626 shares of the Company’s common stock, which represented approximately 80% of the total number of shares of the Company’s common stock expected to be purchased under the ASR Program.
The ASR Program was settled on August 7, 2023, resulting in an additional delivery of 107,045 shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company repurchased in total 594,671 shares of common stock for $100.0 million as part of the ASR Program. The $100.0 million payment made to JPMorgan was recognized as a reduction to stockholders’ equity, consisting of an increase in treasury stock representing the value of the 594,671 shares received upon settlement, offset by an increase to additional-paid-in-capital for the value of the shares repurchased in excess of the $100.0 million payment.
On August 1, 2023, the Company announced that its Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program (the “Share Repurchase Authorization”) pursuant to which an aggregate $300.0 million of its common stock may be repurchased, in the aggregate, by means of open market transactions, block transactions, privately negotiated purchase transactions or any other purchase techniques, including 10b5-1 trading plans. The timing and amount of any shares repurchased under the Share Repurchase
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Authorization are based on market conditions and other factors. All shares of the Company’s common stock repurchased have been recorded as treasury stock under the cost method. The Company reflects share repurchases in its condensed consolidated financial statements once the transaction is settled.
AsDuring the second quarter of September 30, 2023,fiscal 2024, the Company had repurchased 579,798375,041 shares for $114.2$72.1 million under the Share Repurchase Authorization. As of December 31, 2023, a total of 954,839 shares have been repurchased under the Share Repurchase Authorization for $186.3 million, with the total remaining value under the Share Repurchase Authorization being $185.8$113.7 million.
12.    Benefit14.    (Benefit) Provision for Income Taxes
The Company computes its tax provision (benefit) for interim periods by applying the estimated annual effective tax rate (“AETR”) to year-to-date income from operations and adjusting for discrete items arising in that quarter. However, if the Company is unable to make a reliable estimate of its AETR, then the actual effective tax rate for the year-to-date period may be the best estimate. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company computed its tax provision (benefit) using the AETR approach. However, forstarting with the threesix months ended September 30, 2023,December 31, 2022, the Company recorded the actual effective tax rate as it was determined that the AETR approach was not the most appropriate estimate to be applied to the year-to-date pretax (loss) income given small changes in the forecast of pre-tax (loss) income would result in significant changes in the AETR. For the three and six months ended December 31, 2023, the Company again recorded the actual effective tax rate as it was determined that the AETR approach was not the most appropriate estimate.
Benefit for income taxes was $17.5 million and $93.5$15.7 million for the three months ended September 30,December 31, 2023 and income tax expense was $49.6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022, respectively, resulting in effective tax rates of 33.6%42.1% and 89.3%(298.0)%, respectively. Income tax benefit decreasedprimarily increased due to athe prior year’s change in the Company’s approach to computing its tax provision (benefit) for interim periods to an actual effective tax rate method.
Benefit for income taxes was $33.1 million and $44.0 million for the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, resulting in effective tax rates of 37.2% and 36.2%, respectively. Income tax benefit decreased primarily due to an increase in year-to-date earnings and a reduced Foreign-Derived Intangible Income (“FDII”) deduction recorded in the current period.
13.
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15.    Related-Party Transactions
On October 10, 2021, Emerson entered into a definitive agreement (the “Transaction Agreement”) with AspenTech Corporation (f/k/a Aspen Technology, Inc.) (“Heritage AspenTech”) to contribute the Emerson industrial software business (the “Industrial Software Business”), along with $6.014 billion in cash, to create AspenTech (the “Transaction”). The Industrial Software Business included OSI Inc. and the Geological Simulation Software business (“GSS”), which the Company has renamed as Subsurface Science & Engineering ("SSE"(“SSE”). The Transaction closed on May 16, 2022 (“Closing Date”). Emerson owned approximately 55%56% of AspenTech on a fully diluted basis as of September 30,December 31, 2023.
The Company utilizes some aspects of Emerson’s centralized treasury function to manage the working capital and financing needs of its business operations. This function oversees a cash pooling arrangement which sweeps certain Company cash accounts into pooled Emerson cash accounts on a daily basis. Pooled cashbasis and nontrade balances attributable to Emerson have been presentedare reflected as receivables from related parties orin the condensed consolidated balance sheet.Conversely, any cash funded to the Company from these pooled Emerson cash accounts are reflected as due to related parties in the condensed consolidated financialbalance sheet. The aggregate net activity between the Company and Emerson associated with the cash pooling arrangement is reflected within cash flows from financing activities as net transfers from parent within the condensed consolidated statements of the Company.cash flows.
Before the closing of the Transaction, the Industrial Software Business was charged for costs directly attributable to the SSE business and OSI Inc. and was allocated a portion of Emerson’s costs, including general corporate costs, information technology costs, insurance and other benefit costs, and shared service and other costs. All of these costs are reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. Management believes the methodologies and assumptions used to allocate these costs are reasonable.
At the closing of the Transaction, Emerson and the Company entered into a transition service agreement (the “Transition Service Agreement”) for the provision of certain transitionary services from Emerson to the Company. Pursuant to the Transition Service Agreement, Emerson provides the Company with certain services, including information technology, human resources and other specified services, as well as access to certain of Emerson’s existing facilities. Transition Service Agreement related activities have been recorded as cost of goods sold or operating expenses from related parties and resulting balances have been presented as receivable from or due to related parties in the condensed consolidated financial statements presented.
In connection with the closing of the Transaction, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement (the "Registration“Registration Rights Agreement"Agreement”) and a tax matters agreement (the "Tax“Tax Matters Agreement"Agreement”) with Emerson. The Registration Rights Agreement grants Emerson certain market registration rights, including demand registration rights and piggyback registration rights, with respect to its registrable securities. The Company has agreed to pay out-of-pocket fees and expenses in connection with such registration, subject to certain exceptions. The Tax Matters Agreement governs the rights and obligations that the Company and Emerson have with respect to taxes of the Company and certain Emerson subsidiaries. In addition, under the terms of the Tax Matters Agreement, the Company agreed to indemnify Emerson and its affiliates against any and all tax-related liabilities incurred by them relating to the Transaction and certain related business reorganizations to the extent such tax-related liabilities are caused by any action taken by the Company.
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Receivables from related parties and due to related parties reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30,December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023 include the following:
December 31, 2023December 31, 2023June 30, 2023
September 30, 2023June 30, 2023
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
Interest bearing receivables from related partiesInterest bearing receivables from related parties$58,689 $61,948 
Trade receivables from related partiesTrade receivables from related parties$769 $427 
Receivables from related parties
Interest bearing payables to related parties
Interest bearing payables to related parties
Interest bearing payables to related partiesInterest bearing payables to related parties$28,840 $21,866 
Trade payables to related partiesTrade payables to related parties$413 $153 
Due to related parties
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Allocations and charges from Emerson are as follows:
Three Months Ended December 31,Three Months Ended December 31,Six Months Ended December 31,
20232023202220232022
Three Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
20232022
(Dollars in Thousands)
Information technology
Information technology
Information technologyInformation technology$975 $811 
Shared services and otherShared services and other$374 $2,697 
Shared services and other
Shared services and other
Corporate costs, human resources, and insurance and other benefits are recorded in general and administrative expenses and information technology, facility charges, and shared services and other are allocated to cost of goods sold and operating expenses based on systemic methods.
Before the closing of the Transaction, OSI Inc. and the SSE business engaged in various transactions to sell software and purchase goods in the ordinary course of business with affiliates of Emerson. At the closing, the Company and Emerson entered into a commercial agreement to allow Emerson to distribute software and services from the Company (the “Commercial Agreement”). Pursuant to the Commercial Agreement as amended from time to time in accordance with the Stockholders Agreement (as defined below), AspenTech grants Emerson the right to distribute, on a non-exclusive basis, certain (i) existing Heritage AspenTech products, (ii) existing Emerson products transferred to AspenTech pursuant to the Transaction Agreement and (iii) future AspenTech products as mutually agreed upon, in each case, to end-users through Emerson acting as an agent, reseller or original equipment manufacturer. Commercial Agreement-related activities have been recorded as revenues and expenses from related parties and resulting trade balances have been presented as trade receivables from related parties in the condensed consolidated financial statements presented. Revenue and purchases from Emerson affiliates for the three months ended September 30,December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:
Three Months Ended December 31,Three Months Ended December 31,Six Months Ended December 31,
20232023202220232022
Three Months Ended September 30,
20232022
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
Revenue from Emerson affiliatesRevenue from Emerson affiliates$313 $4 
Purchases from Emerson affiliatesPurchases from Emerson affiliates$68 $139 
Purchases from Emerson affiliates
Purchases from Emerson affiliates
Emerson Share Maintenance Rights
Immediately following the closing of the Transaction, Emerson beneficially owned 55% of the fully diluted shares of AspenTech common stock. At the Closing Date, the Company and Emerson entered into a stockholders agreement (the “Stockholders Agreement”), which sets forth, among other matters, the right of Emerson to nominate directors to the Company'sCompany’s board of directors, the right of Emerson to nominate the chair of the Company'sCompany’s board of directors, the composition of the committees of the Company'sCompany’s board of directors, certain consent rights of Emerson to certain material actions taken by the Company and consent rights with respect to modifications or changes to the Company'sCompany’s business strategy. Under the Stockholders Agreement, Emerson also has the right to acquire additional equity securities of AspenTech pursuant to pre-agreed procedures and rights in order to maintain its 55% ownership interest. No additional shares of common stock, or any other equity securities of AspenTech, were issued by the Company to Emerson subsequent to the closing of the Transaction through September 30,December 31, 2023.
Business Combination with Related Party
The Inmation acquisition completed on August 29, 2022 was considered a related party transaction. Refer to Note 4, “Acquisitions”, to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
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Credit Agreement with Related Party
On December 23, 2022, the Company entered into the Emerson Credit Agreement with Emerson, which provided for an aggregate term loan commitment of $630.0 million, and on August 18, 2023, the Emerson Credit Agreement was terminated in connection with the termination of the agreement to purchase Micromine. There was no amount outstanding under the Emerson Credit Agreement at the time it was terminated. Refer to Note 8,10, “Debt”, to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
Plantweb Optics Analytics
On July 28, 2023, the Company entered into the Plantweb Optics Analytics Assignment and License Agreement with Emerson for the purchase of Emerson’s Plantweb Optics Analytics software and the perpetual and royalty-free licensing of other Emerson intellectual property for $12.5 million in the aggregate.
The Company is currently integrating the purchased software and licensed intellectual property with its existing asset performance management product suite and accordingly has capitalized the full purchase price in accordance with ASC 985-20, “Costs of Software to be Sold, Leased, or Marketed.”
14.16.    Segment and Geographic Information
The Company operates in one operating and reportable segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is its President and Chief Executive Officer, who makes operating decisions, assesses performance and allocates resources on a consolidated basis.
Geographic Information
Summarized below is information about the Company’s geographic operations:
Revenue by DestinationRevenue by Destination
Three Months Ended December 31,Three Months Ended December 31,Six Months Ended December 31,
20232023202220232022
Revenue by Destination
Three Months Ended September 30,
20232022
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
AmericasAmericas$133,016 $130,858 
Asia, Middle East and AfricaAsia, Middle East and Africa57,685 53,671 
EuropeEurope58,607 66,290 
TotalTotal$249,308 $250,819 
Americas included revenue in the United States of $96.0$132.7 million and $112.2$88.1 million for the three months ended September 30,December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $228.7 million and $200.4 million for the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Property, Equipment, andProperty, Equipment, and
Leasehold Improvements, NetLeasehold Improvements, Net
December 31, 2023December 31, 2023June 30, 2023
Property, Equipment, and
Leasehold Improvements, Net
September 30, 2023June 30, 2023
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
AmericasAmericas$14,605 $15,793 
Asia, Middle East and AfricaAsia, Middle East and Africa1,907 1,923 
EuropeEurope972 954 
TotalTotal$17,484 $18,670 
Property, equipment, and leasehold improvements, net located in the United States were $12.5$11.8 million and $13.4 million as of September 30,December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023, respectively.
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Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Caution Concerning Forward-Looking Statements
Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not strictly historical may be “forward-looking” statements for purposes of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which involve risks and uncertainties, and AspenTech undertakes no obligation to update any such statements to reflect later developments. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the following words: “may,” “will,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “strategy,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “project,” “potential,” “continue,” “ongoing,” “opportunity” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. These risks and uncertainties include, without limitation: the failure to realize the anticipated benefits of our transaction with Emerson; risks resulting from our status as a controlled company; the scope, duration and ultimate impacts of the Russia-Ukraine war and the Israeli-Hamas conflict; as well as economic and currency conditions, market demand (including related to the pandemic and adverse changes in the process or other capital-intensive industries such as materially reduced spending budgets due to oil and gas price declines and volatility), pricing, protection of intellectual property, cybersecurity, natural disasters, tariffs, sanctions, competitive and technological factors, inflation; and others, including those described in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of Part II in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and those described in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and subsequent reports filed with the SEC. You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.
Any forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information or development,developments, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. You should read the following discussion in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto contained in this report. You should also read “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of Part II in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion of important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from our expectations.
Our fiscal year ends on June 30, and references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to a specific fiscal year are to the twelve months ended June 30 of such year (for example, “fiscal 2024” refers to the year ending June 30, 2024).
Business Overview 
We are a global leader in industrial software focused on helping customers in asset-intensive industries address the world’s dual challenge of meeting the increasing demand for resources from a rapidly growing population with the expectation of a higher living standard in a profitable and sustainable manner. Our solutions address complex environments where it is critical to optimize across the full asset lifecycle-asset design, operation, and maintenance - enabling customers to run their assets safer, greener, longer and faster. Thousands of companies, ranging from multi-national corporations to start-ups, rely on our software to help them run their assets more profitably, resiliently, and sustainably to meet their operational excellence and sustainability goals.
We help customers solve some of their most critical challenges via our purpose-built software that combines engineering first principles, deep industry domain knowledge, and advanced technologies. We drive significant value creation through our decades of experience in modeling, simulation, and optimization technologies. The operational challenges we help our customers solve include, among others, how to maintain maximum efficiency in process operations, manage electrical grids amid the growth in renewable energy sources, ensure supply chain resiliency, and reduce carbon emissions.
Our software also seeks to help companies develop new processes that can be scaled to support energy transition and a net zero future, such as green hydrogen, biofuels, carbon capture, utilization and storage and circularity of plastics.
Recent Events
On July 28, 2023, we entered into the Plantweb Optics Analytics Assignment and License Agreement with Emerson for the purchase of Emerson’s Plantweb Optics Analytics software and the perpetual and royalty-free licensing of other Emerson intellectual property for $12.5 million in the aggregate.
On August 1, 2023, wethe Company announced that its Board of Directors approved the terminationShare Repurchase Authorization pursuant to which an aggregate $300.0 million of its common stock may be repurchased. During the agreement to purchase Micromine. We, alongsecond quarter of fiscal 2024, the Company repurchased 375,041 shares for $72.1 million under the Share Repurchase Authorization. As of December 31, 2024, a total of 954,839 shares have been repurchased under the Share Repurchase Authorization for $186.3 million, with the sellers of Micromine, had been waiting to secure a final Russian regulatory approval as a condition to the closing of the transaction. As this process continued, the timing and requirements necessary to get this approval became increasingly unclear. This lack of clarity on the potential for, and timing of, a successful review led us and the sellers of Micromine to this mutual course oftotal remaining value being $113.7 million.
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action. On August 18, 2023, the Emerson Credit Agreement was terminated in connection with the termination of the agreement to purchase Micromine.
The ASR Program that the Company entered into with JPMorgan on May 5, 2023 settled on August 7, 2023, which resulted in the delivery of an additional 107,045 shares of the Company’s common stock, for a total of 594,671 delivered for $100.0 million. Upon the completion of the ASR Program, the Company began purchasing shares pursuant to the $300.0 million Share Repurchase Authorization announced on August 1, 2023. During the first quarter of fiscal 2024, the Company repurchased 579,798 shares for $114.2 million under the Share Repurchase Authorization and the total remaining value under the Share Repurchase Authorization as of September 30, 2023 was $185.8 million.
Key Business Metrics
Background
We utilize key business metrics to track and assess the performance of our business. We have identified the following set of appropriate business metrics in the context of our evolving business:
•Annual contract value (“ACV”)
•Total contract value (“TCV”)
•Bookings
We also use the following non-GAAP business metrics in addition to GAAP measures to track our business performance:
•Free cash flow
•Non-GAAP income from operations
We make these measures available to investors and none of these metrics should be considered as an alternative to any measure of financial performance calculated in accordance with GAAP.
Annual Contract Value
ACV is an estimate of the annual value of our portfolio of term license and software maintenance and support (“SMS”) contracts, the annual value of SMS agreements purchased with perpetual licenses, and the annual value of standalone SMS agreements purchased with certain legacy term license agreements, which have become an immaterial part of our business.
Comparing ACV for different dates can provide insight into the growth and retention rates of our recurring software business because ACV represents the estimated annual billings associated with our recurring license and maintenance agreements at any point in time. Management uses the ACV business metric to evaluate the growth and performance of our business as well as for planning and forecasting purposes. We believe that ACV is a useful business metric to investors as it provides insight into the growth component of our software business.
ACV generally increases as a result of new term license and SMS agreements with new or existing customers, renewals or modifications of existing term license agreements that result in higher license fees due to contractually-agreed price escalation or an increase in the number of tokens (units of software usage) or products licensed, or an increase in the value of licenses delivered.
ACV is adversely affected by term license and SMS agreements that are renewed at a lower entitlement level or not renewed, a decrease in the value of licenses delivered, and, to a lesser extent, by customer agreements that become inactive during the agreement’s term because, in our determination, amounts due (or which will become due) under the agreement are not collectible. As ACV is an estimate of annual billings, it will generally not include contracts with a term of less than one year. Because ACV represents all other active term software and SMS agreements, it may include amounts under agreements with customers that are delinquent in paying invoices, that are in bankruptcy proceedings, and agreements that are subject to termination by the customer or where payment is otherwise in doubt.
As of September 30,December 31, 2023, customer agreements representing approximately 85% of our ACV (by value) were denominated in U.S. dollars. For agreements denominated in other currencies, we use a fixed historical exchange rate to calculate ACV in U.S. dollars rather than using current exchange rates, so that our calculation of growth in ACV is not affected by fluctuations in foreign currencies. We have not applied this methodology retroactively for OSI Inc. software amounts delivered prior to October 2020, but do not believe it has a material impact on our reported ACV metric due to the high USD-
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denominated concentration of the OSI Inc. business. As of September 30, 2023, approximately 96% of OSI Inc. ACV was denominated in U.S. dollars.
For term license agreements that contain professional services or other products and services, we have included the portion of those agreements that are reflective of the relative fair value of the term license, rather than the portion of the actual invoice attributed to the term license, as outlined in the agreement within ACV. We believe that this methodology more accurately allocates any discounts or premiums to the different elements of the agreement.
We estimate that the pro forma ACV grew by approximately 10.9%9.6%, from $809.6$833.7 million as of September 30,December 31, 2022 to $897.6$914.1 million as of September 30,December 31, 2023.
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Total Contract Value
TCV is the aggregate value of all payments received or to be received under all active term license and perpetual SMS agreements, including maintenance and escalation. TCV was $3.7$3.8 billion and $3.3$3.4 billion as of September 30,December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Bookings
Bookings is the total value of customer term license and perpetual license SMS contracts signed and delivered in the current period, less the value of such contracts signed in the current period where the initial licenses and SMS agreements are not yet deemed delivered, plus the value of term license contracts and perpetual license SMS contracts signed in a previous period for which the initial licenses are deemed delivered in the current period.
Bookings were $211.8$233.4 million during the three months ended September 30,December 31, 2023, compared to $224.0$242.8 million during the three months ended September 30,December 31, 2022. Bookings were $445.2 million during the six months ended December 31, 2023, compared to $466.9 million during the six months ended December 31, 2022. The change in bookings is related to the timing of renewals.
Non-GAAP Business Metrics
Free cash flow (non-GAAP) excludes certain non-cash and non-recurring expenses, and is used as a supplement to net cash provided by operating activities presented on a GAAP basis. We believe that free cash flow (non-GAAP) is a useful financial measure because it permits investors to view our performance using tools that our management uses to gauge progress in achieving goals and as an indication of cash flow that may be available to fund future investments and other capital uses, such as to repay borrowings under our credit facilities or to fund acquisitions or share repurchase programs.
The following table provides a reconciliation of net cash provided by operating activities (GAAP) to free cash flow (non-GAAP) for the indicated periods:
Three Months Ended September 30, Six Months Ended December 31,
20232022 20232022
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities (GAAP)Net cash provided by operating activities (GAAP)$16,981 $5,077 
Purchase of property, equipment, and leasehold improvementsPurchase of property, equipment, and leasehold improvements(937)(1,321)
Payments for capitalized computer software development costsPayments for capitalized computer software development costs— (99)
Free cash flow (non-GAAP) (1)
Free cash flow (non-GAAP) (1)
$16,044 $3,657 
__________
(1)     For the interim period beginning January 1, 2023, we no longer exclude acquisition and integration planning related payments from our computation of free cash flow. Free cash flow for all prior periods presented has been revised to the current period computation methodology.
Non-GAAP income from operations excludes certain non-cash and non-recurring expenses, and is used as a supplement to income from operations presented on a GAAP basis. We believe that non-GAAP income from operations is a useful financial measure because removing certain non-cash and other items provides additional insight into recurring profitability and cash flow from operations.
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The following table provides a reconciliation of GAAP loss from operations to non-GAAP income from operations for the indicated periods:
Three Months Ended December 31,Three Months Ended December 31,Six Months Ended December 31,
20232023202220232022
Three Months Ended September 30,
20232022
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
GAAP loss from operationsGAAP loss from operations$(60,211)$(51,182)
Plus:Plus:
Stock-based compensation
Stock-based compensation
Stock-based compensationStock-based compensation16,699 17,736 
Amortization of intangibles (1)
Amortization of intangibles (1)
121,587 121,160 
Acquisition and integration planning related feesAcquisition and integration planning related fees(255)4,858 
Non-GAAP income from operationsNon-GAAP income from operations$77,820 $92,572 
__________
(1)     The Company has increased amortization of intangible assets following the close of the Transaction with Emerson. As a result, the Company expects its amortization of intangibles assets to remain at higher levels for the next several years as the related asset balance is amortized over the respective expected useful lives of the intangible assets.
Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments
Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies,” to the audited consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023 describes the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements appearing in this report. The accounting policies that reflect our critical estimates, judgments and assumptions in the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements are described in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023.
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Results of Operations
Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30,December 31, 2023 and 2022
The following table sets forth the results of operations, and the period-over-period percentage change, in certain financial data for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
Three Months Ended September 30,Increase / (Decrease) Change
 20232022$%
 (Dollars in Thousands)
Revenue:   
License and solutions$148,648 $160,224 $(11,576)(7.2)%
Maintenance84,968 78,366 6,602 8.4 %
Services and other15,692 12,229 3,463 28.3 %
Total revenue249,308 250,819 (1,511)(0.6)%
Cost of revenue:   
License and solutions71,578 69,513 2,065 3.0 %
Maintenance10,200 9,217 983 10.7 %
Services and other16,282 12,400 3,882 31.3 %
Total cost of revenue98,060 91,130 6,930 7.6 %
Gross profit151,248 159,689 (8,441)(5.3)%
Operating expenses:   
Selling and marketing122,378 118,274 4,104 3.5 %
Research and development53,676 49,740 3,936 7.9 %
General and administrative35,405 42,848 (7,443)(17.4)%
Restructuring— 9 (9)(100.0)%
Total operating expenses211,459 210,871 588 0.3 %
Loss from operations(60,211)(51,182)(9,029)17.6 %
Other expense, net(5,830)(58,632)52,802 (90.1)%
Interest income, net14,049 5,023 9,026 179.7 %
Loss before benefit for income taxes(51,992)(104,791)52,799 (50.4)%
Benefit for income taxes(17,467)(93,547)76,080 (81.3)%
Net loss$(34,525)$(11,244)$(23,281)207.1 %


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The following table sets forth the results of operations as a percentage of total revenue forin certain financial data for the three months ended September 30,December 31, 2023 and 2022:
Three Months Ended December 31,Three Months Ended December 31,Increase / (Decrease) Change(% of Revenue)
20232022$%20232022
Three Months Ended September 30,
20232022
(% of Revenue)
Revenue:
Revenue:
Revenue:Revenue:      
License and solutionsLicense and solutions59.6 %63.9 %License and solutions$152,463 $$149,843 $$2,620 1.7 1.7 %59.3 %61.7 %
MaintenanceMaintenance34.1 31.2 
Services and otherServices and other6.3 4.9 
Total revenueTotal revenue100.0 100.0 
Cost of revenue:Cost of revenue:  
License and solutionsLicense and solutions28.7 27.7 
License and solutions
License and solutions
MaintenanceMaintenance4.1 3.7 
Services and otherServices and other6.5 4.9 
Total cost of revenueTotal cost of revenue39.3 36.3 
Gross profitGross profit60.7 63.7 
Operating expenses:Operating expenses:  
Selling and marketingSelling and marketing49.1 47.2 
Selling and marketing
Selling and marketing
Research and developmentResearch and development21.5 19.8 
General and administrativeGeneral and administrative14.2 17.1 
Restructuring costs— — 
Total operating expensesTotal operating expenses84.8 84.1 
Loss from operationsLoss from operations(24.1)(20.4)
Other expense, net(2.3)(23.4)
Other (expense) income, net
Interest income, netInterest income, net5.6 2.0 
Loss before benefit for income taxesLoss before benefit for income taxes(20.8)(41.8)
Benefit for income taxes(7.0)(37.3)
(Benefit) provision for income taxes
Net lossNet loss(13.8)%(4.5)%Net loss$(21,500)$$(66,197)$$44,697 (67.5)(67.5)%(8.4)%(27.3)%
Revenue
Total revenue decreasedincreased by $1.5$14.3 million, or 0.6%5.9%, during the three months ended September 30,December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, due to a decreasean increase of $11.6$6.4 million in maintenance revenue, an increase of $5.3 million in services and other revenue and an increase of $2.6 million in license and solutions revenue, resulting from a decrease in bookings related to the timing of contract renewals. This decrease was partially offset by an increase in maintenance revenue of $6.6 million and an increase in services and other revenue of $3.5 million.revenue.
License and Solutions Revenue
License and solutions revenue decreasedincreased by $11.6$2.6 million, or 7.2%1.7%, during the three months ended September 30,December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily attributable to the timing of renewals and new contracts signedterm license orders in the same period in the priorsecond quarter of fiscal year.2024.
Maintenance Revenue
Maintenance revenue increased by $6.6$6.4 million, or 8.4%8.2%, during the three months ended September 30,December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to growth of our base of arrangements.
Services and Other Revenue
Services and other revenue increased by $3.5$5.3 million, or 28.3%36.7%, during the three months ended September 30,December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to the timing and volume of professional services engagements.engagements, and increased activities from certain customer contracts where the related professional services revenue is recognized as a distinct performance obligation effective beginning in the third quarter of fiscal 2023.
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Cost of Revenue
CostTotal cost of revenue increased by $6.9$1.8 million, or 7.6%2.0%, during the three months ended September 30,December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to increased compensation costs and headcount, as well as timing of software implementation projects.headcount.
Cost of License and Solutions Revenue
Cost of license and solutions revenue increased $2.1decreased $3.5 million, or 3.0%5.0%, during the three months ended September 30,December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to increased amortizationthe business transformation activities in which we began recognizing distinct performance obligations for certain customer contracts effective beginning in the third quarter of intangible assets from acquisitions.fiscal 2023. Gross profit margin on license and solutions revenue decreasedincreased to 51.8%55.8% from 52.7% for the three months ended September 30,December 31, 2023 from 56.6% for the same period in the prior fiscal year,2022, respectively, due to lowerhigher license and solutions revenue.
Cost of Maintenance Revenue
Cost of maintenance revenue increased by $1.0$1.1 million, or 10.7%11.3%, during the three months ended September 30,December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to higher compensation costs related to salaries, benefits, and bonuses.stock-based compensation. Gross profit margin on maintenance revenue remained consistent at 88.0%87.5% for the three months ended September 30,December 31, 2023 and 88.2%as compared to 87.8% for the same period in the prior fiscal year.
Cost of Services and Other Revenue
Cost of services and other revenue increased by $3.9$4.3 million, or 31.3%33.6%, for the three months ended September 30,December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to higher compensation costs related to salaries, benefits, and bonuses and the increased activities from customer contracts where the related professional services revenue is recognized as a distinct performance obligation. Gross margin on services and other revenue decreasedincreased to 13.7% from (3.8)% to (1.4)%11.6% for the three months ended September 30,December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, due to an increase costs ofin services and other revenue.
Gross Profit
Overall gross profit decreasedincreased by $8.4$12.5 million, or 5.3%8.3%, for the three months ended September 30,December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. Gross profit margin increased to 63.1% for the three months ended December 31, 2023, from 61.7% for the same period in the prior fiscal year. The increase was mainly driven by an increase in licensing and services and other revenue compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year.
Operating Expenses
Selling and Marketing Expense
Selling and marketing expense increased by $4.3 million, or 3.6%, during the three months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to higher compensation costs of $4.4 million related to salaries and benefits as we continue to expand our sales capacity in new and existing markets, partially offset by a decrease in stock-based compensation.
Research and Development Expense
Research and development expense increased by $3.2 million, or 6.4%, during the three months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to higher compensation costs of $4.2 million, related to salaries and benefits, partially offset by a decrease in stock-based compensation.
General and Administrative Expense
General and administrative expense decreased by $5.1 million, or 12.5%, during the three months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to lower compensation costs of $5.2 million related to lower stock-based compensation in the current period, partially offset by an increase in salaries and benefits.
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Non-Operating (Expense) Income
Other (Expense) Income, Net
Other (expense) income, net decreased by $38.8 million, or 100.5%, during the three months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to a $34.9 million unrealized gain on foreign currency forward contracts in the prior year that were terminated in June 2023, as well as decreases in unrealized and realized foreign currency exchange gains.
Interest Income, Net
Interest income, net increased by $8.2 million, or 198.1%, during the three months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to an increase in interest income earned on cash and cash equivalent balances of $2.4 million, an increase in interest income earned on long-term revenue contracts of $2.1 million, and a decrease in interest expense of $4.6 million due to the repayment of our term loan facility under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement in the third quarter of fiscal 2023.
Benefit (Provision) for Income Taxes
The Company computes its tax provision (benefit) for interim periods by applying the estimated AETR to year-to-date income from operations and adjusting for discrete items arising in that quarter. However, if the Company is unable to make a reliable estimate of its AETR, then the actual effective tax rate for the year-to-date period may be the best estimate. For the three months ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded the actual effective tax rate as it was determined that the AETR approach was not the most appropriate estimate to be applied to the year to date pretax (loss) income given small changes in the forecast of pre-tax (loss) income would result in significant changes in the AETR. For the three months ended December 31, 2023, the Company again recorded the actual effective tax rate as it was determined that the AETR approach was not the most appropriate estimate.
Benefit for income taxes was $15.7 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and income tax expense was $49.6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022, resulting in effective tax rates of 42.1% and (298.0)%, respectively. Income tax benefit primarily increased due to the prior year’s change in the Company’s approach to computing its tax provision (benefit) for interim periods to an actual effective tax rate method.

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Comparison of the Six Months Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
The following table sets forth the results of operations, the period-over-period percentage change, and the results of operations as a percentage of total revenue in certain financial data for the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:
Six Months Ended
December 31,		Increase / (Decrease) Change(% of Revenue)
 20232022$%20232022
 (Dollars in Thousands)
Revenue:   
License and solutions$301,111 $310,068 $(8,957)(2.9)%59.5 %62.8 %
Maintenance170,024 156,994 13,030 8.3 33.6 31.8 
Services and other35,336 26,595 8,741 32.9 7.0 5.4 
Total revenue506,471 493,657 12,814 2.6 100.0 100.0 
Cost of revenue:   
License and solutions138,903 140,346 (1,443)(1.0)27.4 28.4 
Maintenance20,848 18,784 2,064 11.0 4.1 3.8 
Services and other33,242 25,098 8,144 32.4 6.6 5.1 
Total cost of revenue192,993 184,228 8,765 4.8 38.1 37.3 
Gross profit313,478 309,429 4,049 1.3 61.9 62.7 
Operating expenses:   
Selling and marketing244,618 236,225 8,393 3.6 48.3 47.9 
Research and development106,821 99,695 7,126 7.1 21.1 20.2 
General and administrative71,494 84,086 (12,592)(15.0)14.1 17.0 
Total operating expenses422,933 420,006 2,927 0.7 83.5 85.1 
Loss from operations(109,455)(110,577)1,122 (1.0)(21.6)(22.4)
Other expense, net(6,029)(19,989)13,960 (69.8)(1.2)(4.0)
Interest income, net26,333 9,143 17,190 188.0 5.2 1.9 
Loss before benefit for income taxes(89,151)(121,423)32,272 (26.6)(17.6)(24.6)
Benefit for income taxes(33,126)(43,982)10,856 (24.7)(6.5)(8.9)
Net loss$(56,025)$(77,441)$21,416 (27.7)%(11.1)%(15.7)%
Revenue
Total revenue increased by $12.8 million, or 2.6%, during the six months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to an increase of $13.0 million in maintenance revenue and an increase of $8.7 million in services and other revenue, resulting from an increase in bookings related to the timing of contract renewals. This increase was partially offset by a decrease in license and solutions revenue of $9.0 million.
License and Solutions Revenue
License and solutions revenue decreased by $9.0 million, or 2.9%, during the six months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily attributable to the timing of renewals and new contracts signed in the same period in the prior fiscal year.
Maintenance Revenue
Maintenance revenue increased by $13.0 million, or 8.3%, during the six months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to growth of our base of arrangements.
Services and Other Revenue
Services and other revenue increased by $8.7 million, or 32.9%, during the six months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to the timing and volume of professional services engagements and increased activities from certain customer contracts where the related professional services revenue is recognized as a distinct performance obligation effective beginning in the third quarter of fiscal 2023.
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Cost of Revenue
Total cost of revenue increased by $8.8 million, or 4.8%, during the six months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to increased compensation costs and headcount, as well as timing of software implementation projects.
Cost of License and Solutions Revenue
Cost of license and solutions revenue decreased by $1.4 million, or 1.0%, during the six months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to the business transformation activities in which we began recognizing distinct performance obligations for certain customer contracts effective beginning in the third quarter of fiscal 2023. Gross profit margin on license and solutions revenue decreased to 53.9% from 54.7% for the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily due to lower license and solutions revenue.
Cost of Maintenance Revenue
Cost of maintenance revenue increased by $2.1 million, or 11.0%, during the six months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to higher compensation costs related to salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation. Gross profit margin on maintenance revenue decreased to 87.7% from 88.0% for the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Cost of Services and Other Revenue
Cost of services and other revenue increased by $8.1 million, or 32.4%, for the six months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to higher compensation costs related to salaries and benefits and the increased activities from customer contracts where the related professional services revenue is recognized as a distinct performance obligation. Gross margin on services and other revenue increased to 5.9% from 5.6% for the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, due to an increase in services and other revenue.
Gross Profit
Overall gross profit increased by $4.0 million, or 1.3%, for the six months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. Gross profit margin decreased to 60.7%61.9% from 62.7% for the threesix months ended September 30,December 31, 2023 from 63.7% for the same periodand 2022, respectively. The decrease in the prior fiscal year. The decreasegross profit margin was mainly driven by a decrease in license revenue compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, due to a decrease in bookings driven by the timing of renewals, while compensation costs increased primarily due to headcount.
Operating Expenses
Selling and Marketing Expense
Selling and marketing expense increased by $4.1$8.4 million, or 3.5%3.6%, during the threesix months ended September 30,December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to higher compensation costs of $2.9$8.9 million related to salaries and benefits as we continue to expand our sales capacity in new and existing markets.markets, partially offset by a decrease in stock-based compensation.
Research and Development Expense
Research and development expense increased by $3.9$7.1 million, or 7.9%7.1%, during the threesix months ended September 30,December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to higher compensation costs of $2.4$7.1 million related to salaries and bonuses.benefits.
 General and Administrative Expense
General and administrative expense decreased by $7.4$12.6 million, or 17.4%15.0%, during the threesix months ended September 30,December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to lower compensation costs of $6.7 million related to stock-based compensation, and a decrease in acquisition and integration expenses of $5.4$6.0 million related to the Transaction with Emerson.
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Non-Operating (Expense) Income
Other Expense, Net
Other expense, net decreased by $52.8$14.0 million, or 90.1%69.8%, during the threesix months ended September 30,December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to $50.3$15.3 million of unrealized loss on foreign currency forward contracts in the prior year that were terminated in June 2023, as well as increases in unrealized and realized foreign currency exchange gains and losses.
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Interest Income, Net
Interest income, net increased by $9.0$17.2 million, or 179.7%188.0%, during the threesix months ended September 30,ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to an increase in interest income earned on cash and cash equivalent balances of $2.8$4.7 million, an increase in interest income earned on long-term revenue contracts of $2.5$4.6 million, and a decrease in interest expense of $3.7$8.7 million due to the repayment of our term loan facility under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement in the third quarter of fiscal 2023.
Benefit for Income Taxes
The Company computes its tax provision (benefit) for interim periods by applying the estimated AETR to year-to-date income from operations and adjusting for discrete items arising in that quarter. However, if the Company is unable to make a reliable estimate of its AETR, then the actual effective tax rate for the year-to-date period may be the best estimate. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company computed its tax provision (benefit) using the AETR approach. However, forstarting with the threesix months ended September 30, 2023,December 31, 2022, the Company recorded the actual effective tax rate as it was determined that the AETR approach was not the most appropriate estimate to be applied to the year to date pretax (loss) income given small changes in the forecast of pre-tax (loss) income would result in significant changes in the AETR. For the six months ended December 31, 2023, the Company again recorded the actual effective tax rate as it was determined that the AETR approach was not the most appropriate estimate.
Benefit for income taxes was $17.5$33.1 million and $93.5$44.0 million for the threesix months ended September 30,December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, resulting in effective tax rates of 33.6%37.2% and 89.3%36.2%, respectively. Income tax benefit decreased primarily due to an increase in year-to-date earnings and a changereduced Foreign-Derived Intangible Income (“FDII”) deduction recorded in the Company’s approach to computing its tax provision benefit for interim periods to an actual effective tax rate method.current period.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Resources
As of September 30,December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023, our principal sources of liquidity consisted of $120.5$130.8 million and $241.2 million, in cash and cash equivalents, respectively.
We believe our existing cash on hand and cash flows generated by operations are sufficient for at least the next 12 months to meet our operating requirements, including those related to salaries and wages, working capital, capital expenditures, and other liquidity requirements associated with operations. We may need to raise additional funds if we decide to make one or more acquisitions of businesses, technologies or products. If additional funding for such purposes is required beyond existing resources and our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement described below, we may not be able to affect a receivable, equity or debt financing on terms acceptable to us or at all.
Amended and Restated Credit Agreement
The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement provides for a $200.0 million secured revolving credit facility.facility, of which the Company had $197.4 million available for borrowing as of December 31, 2023. For a more detailed description of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, see Note 8,10, “Debt” to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Cash Flows
Operating Cash Flows
Net cash provided by operating activities increaseddecreased by $11.9$7.8 million during the threesix month period ended September 30,December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in prior fiscal year, primarily driven by an increasea decrease of $23.4$36.3 million in cash due to favorableunfavorable changes in working capital, primarily due to the timing of cash collectionscontract cycle renewals and cash payments,billings, partially offset by a decreasean increase of $11.5$28.5 million in cash provided due to lowerhigher income before non-cash charges.
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Investing Cash Flows
Net cash used in investing activities decreased by $54.6$55.7 million during the threesix month period ended September 30,December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in prior fiscal year, primarily driven by a decrease of $66.7 million in cash used for business acquisitions and $1.4 million in cash used for capital expenditures, partially offset by an increase of $12.5 million in cash used for the asset acquisition of Plantweb Optics Analytics software.
Financing Cash Flows
Net cash used in financing activities increased by $116.7$151.5 million during the threesix month period ended September 30,December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in prior fiscal year, primarily driven by an increase of $114.2$186.3 million in cash used for common stock repurchases.
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$38.9 million in cash provided from our cash pooling arrangements with related parties.
Free Cash Flows
Total freeFree cash flow (non-GAAP) increased $12.4decreased $6.2 million during the threesix month period ended September 30,December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in prior fiscal year, primarily driven by the decrease in net cash flows provided by operating activities and(GAAP), partially offset by a decrease in capital expenditures.
The following table provides a reconciliation of net cash provided by operating activities (GAAP) to free cash flow (non-GAAP) for the indicated periods:
Three Months Ended September 30, Six Months Ended December 31,
20232022 20232022
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Dollars in Thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities (GAAP)Net cash provided by operating activities (GAAP)$16,981 $5,077 
Purchase of property, equipment, and leasehold improvementsPurchase of property, equipment, and leasehold improvements(937)(1,321)
Payments for capitalized computer software development costsPayments for capitalized computer software development costs— (99)
Free cash flow (non-GAAP) (1)
Free cash flow (non-GAAP) (1)
$16,044 $3,657 
__________
(1)     For the interim period beginning January 1, 2023, we no longer exclude acquisition and integration planning related payments from our computation of free cash flow. Free cash flow for all prior periods presented has been revised to the current period computation methodology.
Contractual Obligations
Letters of Credit
Standby letters of credit in the aggregate amounts of $30.0$31.5 million and $39.0 million secured our performance on professional services contracts, certain facility leases and potential liabilities as of September 30,December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023, respectively. The letters of credit expire at various dates through fiscal 2031.
Effects of Inflation
We do not believe that inflation has had a material impact on our business or operating results during the periods presented. However, inflation may in the future have an impact on our ability to execute on our acquisition strategy. Inflationary costs could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, increased inflation has had, and may continue to have, an effect on interest rates. Increased interest rates may adversely affect our borrowing rate and our ability to obtain, or the terms under which we can obtain, any potential additional funding.
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Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Foreign Currency Risk
During the three months ended September 30,December 31, 2023 and 2022, 7.1%12.1% and 11.7%8.3% of our total revenue was denominated in a currency other than the U.S. dollar, respectively. During the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, 9.9% and 10.0% of our total revenue was denominated in a currency other than the U.S. dollar, respectively. In addition, certain of our operating costs incurred outside the United States are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. We conduct business on a worldwide basis and as a result, a portion of our revenue, earnings, net assets, and net investments in foreign affiliates is exposed to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. We measure our net exposure for cash balance positions and for cash inflows and outflows in order to evaluate the need to mitigate our foreign exchange risk. We may enter into foreign currency forward contracts to minimize the impact related to unfavorable exchange rate movements related to our cash positions and cash flows, although we have not done so during the three months ended September 30,December 31, 2023 and 2022. Currently, our largest exposures to foreign exchange rates exist primarily with the Euro, Pound Sterling, Japanese Yen, Canadian Dollar, Indonesian Rupiah, and Norwegian Krone.
During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, weWe recorded net foreign currency exchange losses of $5.9$0.3 million and $8.3$3.6 million, respectively, during the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, and $6.2 million and $4.7 million, respectively, during the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, related to the settlement and remeasurement of transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of our operating units. Our analysis of operating results transacted in various foreign currencies indicated that a hypothetical 10% change in the foreign currency exchange rates could have increased or decreased our results of operations by approximately $4.7$3.0 million and $2.4$3.1 million for the three months ended September 30,December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and by approximately $4.8 million and $5.6 million for the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
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Interest Rate Risk
We place our investments in money market instruments. Our analysis of our investment portfolio and interest rates as of September 30,December 31, 2023 indicated that a hypothetical 100 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates would not have a material impact on the fair value of our investment portfolio determined in accordance with an income-based approach utilizing portfolio future cash flows discounted at the appropriate rates.
Investment Risk
We own an interest in a limited partnership investment fund. The primary objective of this partnership is investing in equity and equity-related securities (including convertible debt) of venture growth-stage businesses. We account for the investment in accordance with Topic 323, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures. Our total commitment under this partnership is $5.0 million CAD, or $3.7 million USD. Under the conditions of the equity method investment, unfavorable future changes in market conditions could lead to a potential loss up to the full value of our 5.0$5.0 million CAD, or $3.7 million USD commitment. As of September 30,December 31, 2023, the fair value of this investment was $3.6$3.2 million CAD, or $2.7$2.4 million USD, representing our payment towards the total commitment, and is recorded in non-current assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Item 4.    Controls and Procedures.
a)    Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and interim chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30,December 31, 2023. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Securities Exchange Act”) means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30,December 31, 2023, our chief executive officer and interim chief financial officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
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b)    Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting
In July 2023, we implemented our new revenue management system and consequently, modified the design of certain internal controls within our revenue process. There werewas no other changes tochange in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the first quarter of fiscal 2024three months ended December 31, 2023, that havehas materially affected, or areis reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controlscontrol over financial reporting. We will continue to review and document our disclosure controls and procedures, including our internal control over financial reporting, and may from time to time make changes aimed at enhancing their effectiveness and to ensure that our systems evolve with our business.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
 
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
None.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
The risks described in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. These risk factors do not identify all risks that we face—our operations could also be affected by factors that are not presently known to us or that we currently consider to be immaterial to our operations. The Risk Factors section of our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K remains current in all material respects, with the exception of the risk factors described below.
In addition, the ongoing conflict in Ukraine could adversely impact our business, financial position, cash flows and results of operations in Russia and Ukraine which may in turn spread and impact our overall business, financial position, cash flows and results of operations.
We maintain limited operations in Russia and license software and provide related services to customers in Russia and areas of Ukraine that are not under sanction. We had revenuesrevenue of approximately $44.6 million and $9.9 million for fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $7.2$5.8 million and $10.0$16.8 million for the three months ended September 30,December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $13.0 million and $26.8 million for the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We also had total assets of approximately $37.8$35.2 million and $39.7 million as of September 30,December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023, respectively, related to operations in Russia. As of September 30, 2023 and June 30, 2023, respectively, we had $37.1 million and $36.7 million of ACV in Russia.
In February of 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine and the war between the two countries could result in more widespread conflict. As a result of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom and other governments, among others, have developed coordinated sanctions and export-control measure packages. These packages include, comprehensive financial sanctions against major Russian banks (including SWIFT cut off); designations of individuals and entities involved in Russian military activities; additional designations of Russian individuals including but not limited to those with significant business interests and government connections; and enhanced export controls and trade sanctions targeting Russia’s imports of a wide range of goods as a whole, including potentially tighter controls on exports and reexports of items previously subject to only a low level of control, stricter licensing policy with respect to issuing export licenses, and/or increased use of “end-use” controls to block or impose licensing requirements on exports.
We may be required to cease or suspend operations in Russia or, should the conflict or the effects of sanctions, export control measures and business restrictions worsen, we may voluntarily elect to do so. For example, weWe no longer provide engineering services to customers in Russia, which may impact our ability to renew existing contracts and provide support to those customers. In addition, we have limited our operations in Russia to contract renewals only with existing customers. While we continue to evaluate the impact if any, of the various sanctions export control measures and business restrictions imposed by the United States, other governments, and financial institutions on our ability to do business in Russia and areas of Ukraine that are not under sanction, maintain contracts with vendors and pay employees in Russia, and receive payment from customers in Russia and areas of Ukraine that are not under sanction, there is no assurance that we will be able to do so in the future. Any disruption to, or suspension of, our business and operations in Russia would result in the loss of revenue from the business in Russia and would negatively impact our growth. We also may suffer reputational harm as a result of our continued operations in Russia, which may adversely impact our sales and other businesses in other countries.
We assess our operations for potential asset impairment in accordance with our accounting practices, and are periodically evaluating the impact if any, of the various sanctions export controls measures and business restrictions imposed by the United States and other governments and financial institutions on our ability to doconduct business in Russia, maintain contracts with vendors and pay employees in Russia, as well as receive payment from customers in Russia or Ukraine that are not under sanction.Russia. The outcome of these assessments, which may include a write-off of our remaining assets that are related to the operations in Russia, and their potential impact on our ability to continue to conduct business to the same extent as currently conducted will depend on how the conflict evolves and on further actions that may be taken by the United States, Russia, other governments, and others.
Furthermore, the ongoing military conflict and sanctions on Russia have resulted in adverse macroeconomic effects which have in the past and may in the future have an adverse effect on our business. For example, the war between Russia and Ukraine has already resulted in significant volatility in financial markets and depreciation of the Russian ruble and the Ukrainian hryvnia against the U.S. dollar, as well as an increase in energy and commodity prices globally and restrictions on
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our ability to withdraw and move funds from Russian bank accounts. The conflict may also result in additional consequences including, but not limited to, supply shortages, further increases in prices of commodities, reduced consumer purchasing power, significant disruptions in logistics infrastructure, telecommunications services and risks relating to the availability of
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information technology systems and infrastructure. Other potential consequences include, but are not limited to, growth in the number of popular uprisings in the region, increased political discontent, especially in the regions most affected by the conflict or economic sanctions, increase in cyberterrorism activities and attacks, displacement of persons to regions close to the areas of conflict and an increase in the number of refugees fleeing across Europe, among other unforeseen social and humanitarian effects.
Continued conflict between Russia and Ukraine and any escalation of that conflict, could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our securities to decline.
An escalation of the Israeli-Hamas conflict may have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business.business and operations in the region.
We have operations and customers in the Middle East. AnA further escalation of the current Israeli-Hamas conflict could result in additional armed conflict, terrorist activities, and political or macroeconomic instability in the Middle East region. This, in turn, could cause our customers in the region to reduce their capital expenditures, resulting in a reduction of our sales to such customers. A decline in our sales to our customers in the affected region and any further impact of such conflict or instability on our operations could have a material adverse impact on our business and operations in the region, results of operations or financial condition.
 Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer
On May 5, 2023, we entered into the ASR Program with JPMorgan to repurchase an aggregate of $100.0 million of our common stock. For more details on the ASR Program, refer to Note 11,13, “Stock Repurchases” to our condensed consolidated financial statements. During fiscal 2023, we repurchased 487,626 shares of our common stock for $100.0 million pursuant to the ASR Program, and on August 7, 2023 the ASR Program settled, resulting in an additional delivery of 107,045 shares of our common stock to us.
On August 1, 2023, we announced that our board of directors approved the Share Repurchase Authorization, pursuant to which an aggregate $300.0 million of our common stock may be repurchased. During the second quarter of fiscal 2024, the Company repurchased in375,041 shares for $72.1 million under the aggregate.Share Repurchase Authorization. As of December 31, 2024, a total of 954,839 shares have been repurchased under the Share Repurchase Authorization for $186.3 million, with the total remaining value being $113.7 million. For more details on the Share Repurchase Authorization, refer to Note 11,13, “Stock Repurchases” to our condensed consolidated financial statements. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had repurchased 579,798 shares for $114.2 million under the Share Repurchase Authorization, with the total remaining value under the Share Repurchase Authorization being $185.8 million.
The following is a summary of stock repurchases for each month during the firstsecond quarter of fiscal 2024:
PeriodTotal Number of Shares PurchasedAverage Price Paid per ShareTotal Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
Approximate Dollar Value that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Shares and per Share Data)
July 1, 2023 to July 31, 2023— — — $20,210 
August 1, 2023 to August 31, 2023205,795 $191.58 205,795 $280,783 
September 1, 2023 to September 30, 2023481,048 197.48 481,048 $185,787 
Total686,843 $195.71 686,843 
PeriodTotal Number of Shares PurchasedAverage Price Paid per ShareTotal Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
Approximate Dollar Value that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Shares and per Share Data)
October 1, 2023 to October 31, 2023158,479 $197.67 158,479 $154,449 
November 1, 2023 to November 30, 2023122,110 177.63 122,110 $132,759 
December 1, 2023 to December 31, 202394,452 202.10 94,452 $113,671 
Total375,041 $192.26 375,041 
__________
(1)     On August 1, 2023, the Company announced that its Board of Directors approved the Share Repurchase Authorization, pursuant to which an aggregate $300.0 million of its common stock may be repurchased in the aggregate.repurchased.
Item 3.     Defaults upon Senior Securities.
None.
Item 4.     Mine Safety Disclosures.
None.
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Item 5.     Other Information.
During the three month periodmonths ended September 30,December 31, 2023, none of our directors or officers adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.

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Item 6.     Exhibits.
 
   
   
Exhibit Number Description
31.1 
31.2 
32.1 
101.INSInline Instance Document
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
^Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement
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SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 Aspen Technology, Inc.
  
Date: NovemberFebruary 6, 20232024By:/s/ ANTONIO J. PIETRI
  Antonio J. Pietri
  President and Chief Executive Officer
  (Principal Executive Officer)
 
Date: NovemberFebruary 6, 20232024By:/s/ CHANTELLE BREITHAUPTCHRISTOPHER STAGNO
  Chantelle BreithauptChristopher Stagno
  Senior Vice President, Interim Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
  (Principal Financial Officer)





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