QUAKER CHEMICAL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES


		Page
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019	2
	~~13,333,668~~Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019	3
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019	5
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.	28
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.	40
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures.	41
PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION.	42
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings.	42
Item 1A.	Risk Factors.	42
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.	43
Item 6.	Exhibits.	44
Signatures		44

PART I

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

~~EXPLANATORY NOTE~~

Item 1.Financial Statements (Unaudited).

~~This Amendment No.~~

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

		Unaudited
		Three Months Ended March 31,
		2020		2019
Net sales		$	378,561	$	211,210
Cost of goods sold (excluding amortization expense - See note 14)			244,710		135,443
Gross profit			133,851		75,767
Selling, general and administrative expenses			98,701		51,455
Indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment			38,000		-
Restructuring and related charges			1,716		-
Combination and other acquisition-related expenses			7,878		4,483
Operating (loss) income			(12,444)		19,829
Other expense, net			(21,175)		(635)
Interest expense, net			(8,461)		(776)
(Loss) income before taxes and equity in net income of associated companies			(42,080)		18,418
Taxes on (loss) income before equity in net income of associated companies			(13,070)		4,929
(Loss) income before equity in net income of associated companies			(29,010)		13,489
Equity in net income of associated companies			666		411
Net (loss) income			(28,344)		13,900
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest			37		56
Net (loss) income attributable to Quaker Chemical Corporation		$	(28,381)	$	13,844
Earnings per common share data:
	Net (loss) income attributable to Quaker Chemical Corporation common
	shareholders – basic	$	(1.60)	$	1.04
	Net (loss) income attributable to Quaker Chemical Corporation common
	shareholders – diluted	$	(1.60)	$	1.03
	Dividends declared	$	0.385	$	0.370

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(Dollars in thousands)

			Unaudited
			Three Months Ended March 31,
				2020		2019
Net (loss) income			$	(28,344)	$	13,900

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax
	Currency translation adjustments			(54,751)		(432)
	Defined benefit retirement plans			16,957		706
	Current period change in fair value of derivatives			(3,981)		—
	Unrealized (loss) gain on available-for-sale securities			(1,711)		1,273
		Other comprehensive (loss) income		(43,486)		1,547

Comprehensive (loss) income				(71,830)		15,447
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest				95		(55)
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Quaker Chemical Corporation			$	(71,735)	$	15,392

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Dollars in thousands, except par value and share amounts)

				Unaudited
				March 31,		December 31,
				2020		2019
ASSETS
Current assets
	Cash and cash equivalents			$	316,437	$	123,524
	Accounts receivable, net				357,902		375,982
	Inventories
		Raw materials and supplies			81,827		82,058
		Work-in-process and finished goods			96,041		92,892
	Prepaid expenses and other current assets				43,021		41,516
		Total current assets			895,228		715,972
	Property, plant and equipment, at cost				390,353		398,834
		Less accumulated depreciation			(188,261)		(185,365)
			Property, plant and equipment, net		202,092		213,469
Right of use lease assets					40,496		42,905
Goodwill					592,385		607,205
Other intangible assets, net					1,050,203		1,121,765
Investments in associated companies					84,089		93,822
Deferred tax assets					14,706		14,745
Other non-current assets					41,352		40,433
		Total assets		$	2,920,551	$	2,850,316

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities
	Short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt			$	38,112	$	38,332
	Accounts and other payables				177,976		170,929
	Accrued compensation				24,819		45,620
	Accrued restructuring				14,548		18,043
	Other current liabilities				85,132		87,010
		Total current liabilities			340,587		359,934
Long-term debt					1,076,292		882,437
Long-term lease liabilities					29,402		31,273
Deferred tax liabilities					190,880		211,094
Other non-current liabilities					120,849		123,212
		Total liabilities			1,758,010		1,607,950
Commitments and contingencies (Note 19)
Equity
	Common stock, $1 par value; authorized 30,000,000 shares; issued and
		outstanding 2020 – 17,752,255 shares; 2019 – 17,735,162 shares			17,752		17,735
	Capital in excess of par value				888,533		888,218
	Retained earnings				377,362		412,979
	Accumulated other comprehensive loss				(121,524)		(78,170)
		Total Quaker shareholders’ equity			1,162,123		1,240,762
Noncontrolling interest					418		1,604
Total equity					1,162,541		1,242,366
		Total liabilities and equity		$	2,920,551	$	2,850,316

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Dollars in thousands)

				Unaudited
				Three Months Ended March 31,
				2020		2019
Cash flows from operating activities
	Net (loss) income			$	(28,344)	$	13,900
	Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
		Amortization of debt issuance costs			1,187		42
		Depreciation and amortization			21,197		4,859
		Equity in undistributed earnings of associated companies, net of dividends			4,285		(186)
		Deferred compensation, deferred taxes and other, net			(22,988)		(6,842)
		Share-based compensation			4,682		1,012
		Gain on disposal of property, plant, equipment and other assets			(2)		(9)
		Insurance settlement realized			(229)		(190)
		Indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment			38,000		-
		Combination and other acquisition-related expenses, net of payments			(519)		(1,012)
		Restructuring and related charges			1,716		-
		Pension and other postretirement benefits			22,453		(1,346)
	Increase (decrease) in cash from changes in current assets and current
			liabilities, net of acquisitions:
		Accounts receivable			2,322		(5,470)
		Inventories			(10,162)		946
		Prepaid expenses and other current assets			(3,263)		324
		Change in restructuring liabilities			(4,841)		-
		Accounts payable and accrued liabilities			(5,275)		(6,008)
			Net cash provided by operating activities		20,219		20

Cash flows from investing activities
		Investments in property, plant and equipment			(4,892)		(2,537)
		Payments related to acquisitions, net of cash acquired			(3,160)		(500)
		Proceeds from disposition of assets			—		8
		Insurance settlement interest earned			31		65
			Net cash used in investing activities		(8,021)		(2,964)

Cash flows from financing activities
		Payments of long-term debt			(9,371)		-
		Borrowings (repayments) on revolving credit facilities, net			205,500		(24,034)
		(Repayments) borrowings on other debt, net			(185)		86
		Dividends paid			(6,828)		(4,935)
		Stock options exercised, other			(696)		(1,489)
		Purchase of noncontrolling interest in affiliates			(1,047)		-
		Distributions to noncontrolling affiliate shareholders			(751)		-
			Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		186,622		(30,372)

			Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash		(6,424)		1,004

Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash					192,396		(32,312)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the period					143,555		124,425
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the period				$	335,951	$	92,113

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

Note 1 – Condensed Financial Information

As used in these Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, the terms “Quaker”, “Quaker Houghton”, the “Company”, “we”, and “our” refer to Quaker Chemical Corporation (doing business as Quaker Houghton), its subsidiaries, and associated companies, unless the context otherwise requires. As used in these Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, the term Legacy Quaker refers to the Company prior to the closing of its combination with Houghton International, Inc. (“Houghton”) (herein referred to as the “Combination”). The condensed consolidated financial statements included herein are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial reporting and the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regulations. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. In the opinion of management, the financial statements reflect all adjustments which are necessary for a fair statement of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report filed on Form ~~10-Q/~~10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (the “2019 Form 10-K”).

Hyper-inflationary economies

Economies that have a cumulative three-year rate of inflation exceeding 100% are considered hyper-inflationary in accordance with U.S. GAAP. A ~~(this “Amended Filing”~~legal entity that operates within an economy deemed to be hyper-inflationary is required to remeasure its monetary assets and liabilities to the applicable published exchange rates and record the associated gains or losses resulting from the remeasurement directly to the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Based on various indices or index compilations currently being used to monitor inflation in Argentina as well as recent economic instability, effective July 1, 2018, Argentina’s economy was considered hyper-inflationary under U.S. GAAP. As a result, the Company began applying hyper-inflationary accounting with respect to the Company's wholly owned Argentine subsidiary beginning July 1, 2018. In addition, Houghton has an Argentina subsidiary to which hyper-inflationary accounting also is applied. As of, and for the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company's Argentine subsidiaries represented less than 1% of the Company’s consolidated total assets and net sales, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, of remeasurement losses associated with the applicable currency conversions related to Argentina. These losses were recorded within foreign exchange gains (losses), net, which is a component of other expense, net, in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Note 2 – Business Combinations

Houghton

On August 1, 2019, the Company completed the Combination, whereby the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Houghton from Gulf Houghton Lubricants, Ltd. and certain other selling shareholders in exchange for a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock in accordance with the Share Purchase Agreement, dated April 4, 2017. Houghton is a leading global provider of specialty chemicals and technical services for metalworking and other industrial applications. The Company believes that combining Quaker’s and Houghton’s products and service offerings will allow Quaker Houghton to better serve its customers in its various end markets.

The Combination was subject to certain regulatory and shareholder approvals. At a shareholder meeting held during 2017, the Company’s shareholders approved the issuance of new shares of the Company’s common stock at closing of the Combination. Also in 2017, the Company received regulatory approvals for the Combination from China and Australia. The Company received regulatory approvals from the European Commission (“EC”) ~~amends our~~during the second quarter of 2019 and the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) in July 2019. The approvals from the FTC and the EC required the concurrent divestiture of certain steel and aluminum related product lines of Houghton, which were sold by Houghton on August 1, 2019 for approximately $37 million in cash. The final remedy agreed with the EC and the FTC was consistent with the Company’s previous expectation that the total divested product lines would be approximately 3% of the combined company’s net sales.

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Continued

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

The following table summarizes the fair value of consideration transferred in the Combination:

Cash transferred to Houghton shareholders (a)		$	170,829
Cash paid to extinguish Houghton debt obligations			702,556
Fair value of common stock issued as consideration (b)			789,080
	Total fair value of consideration transferred	$	1,662,465

(a) A portion is held in escrow by a third party, subject to indemnification rights that lapse upon the achievement of certain milestones.

(b) Amount was determined based on approximately 4.3 million shares, comprising 24.5% of the common stock of the Company immediately after the closing, and the closing price per share of Quaker Chemical Corporation common stock of $182.27 on August 1, 2019.

The Company accounted for the Combination under the acquisition method of accounting. This method requires the recording of acquired assets, including separately identifiable intangible assets, at their fair value on the acquisition date. Any excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. The determination of the estimated fair value of assets acquired, including indefinite and definite-lived intangible assets, requires management’s judgment and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including assumptions with respect to future cash inflows and outflows, discount rates, customer attrition rates, royalty rates, asset lives and market multiples, among other items. Fair values were determined by management, using a variety of methodologies and resources, including external independent valuation experts. The valuation methods included physical appraisals, discounted cash flow analyses, excess earnings, relief from royalty, and other appropriate valuation techniques to determine the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

The following table presents the current preliminary estimated fair values of Houghton net assets acquired:

				Measurement
		August 1,		Period		August 1, 2019
		2019 (1)		Adjustments		(as adjusted)
Cash and cash equivalents		$	75,821	$	—	$	75,821
Accounts receivable, net			178,922		—		178,922
Inventories, net			95,193		—		95,193
Prepaid expenses and other assets			10,652		207		10,859
Property, plant and equipment			115,529		(66)		115,463
Right of use lease assets			10,673		—		10,673
Investments in associated companies			66,447		—		66,447
Other non-current assets			4,710		1,553		6,263
Intangible assets			1,028,400		—		1,028,400
Goodwill			494,915		(23)		494,892
	Total assets purchased		2,081,262		1,671		2,082,933
Short-term borrowings, not refinanced at closing			9,297		—		9,297
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other accrued liabilities			150,078		146		150,224
Deferred tax liabilities			205,082		(28)		205,054
Long-term lease liabilities			6,607		—		6,607
Other non-current liabilities			47,733		1,553		49,286
	Total liabilities assumed		418,797		1,671		420,468
	Total consideration paid for Houghton		1,662,465		—		1,662,465
	Less: cash acquired		75,821		—		75,821
	Less: fair value of common stock issued as consideration		789,080		—		789,080
	Net cash paid for Houghton	$	797,564	$	—	$	797,564

(1)As previously disclosed in the Company’s 2019 Form 10-K.

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Continued

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

As of March 31, 2020, the allocation of the purchase price for the Combination has not been finalized and the one-year measurement period has not ended. While not currently expected, further adjustments may be necessary as a result of the Company’s on-going assessment of additional information related to the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Houghton assets acquired and liabilities assumed have been assigned to each of the Company’s reportable segments on a specific identification or allocated basis, as applicable. Measurement period adjustments recorded during the first quarter of 2020 related primarily to the recognition of other non-current assets and other non-current liabilities based on additional information obtained regarding certain tax audits and associated rights to indemnification.

Combination and other acquisition-related expenses have been and are expected to continue to be significant. The Company incurred total costs of $8.3 million and $5.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, related to the Combination and other acquisition-related activities. These costs included certain legal, financial and other advisory and consultant costs related to due diligence, regulatory approvals and integration planning and post-closing integration activities. These costs also include $0.5 million of accelerated depreciation charges during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and $0.9 million of interest costs to maintain the bank commitment (“ticking fees”) for the Combination during the three months ended March 31, 2019. The Company had current liabilities related to the Combination and other acquisition-related activities of $6.1 million and $6.6 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, primarily recorded within other accrued liabilities on its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Norman Hay

On October 1, 2019, the Company completed its acquisition of the operating divisions of Norman Hay plc (“Norman Hay”), a private U.K. company that provides specialty chemicals, operating equipment, and services to industrial end markets. The acquisition adds new technologies in automotive, original ~~Quarterly Report~~equipment manufacturer (“OEM”), and aerospace, as well as engineering expertise which is expected to strengthen the Company’s existing equipment solutions platform. The acquired Norman Hay assets and liabilities were assigned to the Global Specialty Businesses reportable segment. The original purchase price was 80.0 million GBP, on a cash-free and debt-free basis, subject to routine and customary post-closing adjustments related to working capital and net indebtedness levels.

The following table presents the preliminary estimated fair values of Norman Hay net assets acquired:

				Measurement
		October 1,		Period		October 1, 2019
		2019 (1)		Adjustments		(as adjusted)
Cash and cash equivalents		$	18,981	$	—	$	18,981
Accounts receivable, net			15,471		—		15,471
Inventories, net			8,213		—		8,213
Prepaid expenses and other assets			4,203		—		4,203
Property, plant and equipment			14,981		—		14,981
Right of use lease assets			10,608		—		10,608
Intangible assets			51,088		—		51,088
Goodwill			29,384		(166)		29,218
	Total assets purchased		152,929		(166)		152,763
Long-term debt included current portions			485		—		485
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other accrued liabilities			13,488		(708)		12,780
Deferred tax liabilities			12,746		708		13,454
Long-term lease liabilities			8,594		—		8,594
	Total liabilities assumed		35,313		—		35,313
	Total consideration paid for Norman Hay		117,616		(166)		117,450
	Less: estimated purchase price settlement (2)		3,287		(3,287)		—
	Less: cash acquired		18,981		—		18,981
	Net cash paid for Norman Hay	$	95,348	$	3,121	$	98,469

(1)As previously disclosed in the Company’s 2019 Form 10-K.

(2)The Company finalized its post-closing adjustments for the Norman Hay acquisition and paid approximately 2.5 million GBP during the first quarter of 2020 to settle such adjustments.

As of March 31, 2020, the allocation of the purchase price for Norman Hay has not been finalized and the one-year measurement period has not ended. Further adjustments may be necessary as a result of the Company’s on-going assessment of additional information related to the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Continued

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

Other Acquisitions

In March 2020, the Company acquired the remaining 49% ownership interest in one of its South African affiliates, Quaker Chemical South Africa Limited (“QSA”) for 16.7 million ZAR, or approximately $1.0 million, from its joint venture partner PQ Holdings South Africa. QSA is a part of the Company’s Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”) reportable segment. As this acquisition was a change in an existing controlling ownership, the Company recorded $0.7 million of excess purchase price over the carrying value of the non-controlling interest in Capital in excess of par value. In addition, subsequent to the date of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, in May 2020 the Company acquired a company from Denmark for an approximately $3 million note, which will be settled subsequent to the filing of this Form 10-Q in the second quarter of 2020 with the Company’s common stock. In 2018 the Company purchased certain formulations and product technology for the mining industry for $1.0 million, with $0.5 million of the purchase price paid at signing and the remaining $0.5 million of the purchase price paid during the first quarter of 2019.

Note 3 – Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Adopted

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2018-15, Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract in August 2018 that clarifies the accounting for implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement under a service contract. This guidance generally aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement under a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs related to internal-use software. The guidance within this accounting standard update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and should be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. Early adoption was permitted. The Company adopted this standard on a prospective basis, effective January 1, 2020. There was no cumulative effect of adoption recorded within retained earnings on January 1, 2020.

The FASB issued ASU 2018-14, Disclosure Framework — Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans in August 2018 that modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The guidance removes certain disclosure requirements regarding transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy as well as certain disclosures related to the valuation processes for certain fair value measurements. Further, the guidance added certain disclosure requirements including unrealized gains and losses and significant unobservable inputs used to develop certain fair value measurements. The guidance within this accounting standard update is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and should be applied prospectively in the initial year of adoption or prospectively to all periods presented, depending on the amended disclosure requirement. Early adoption was permitted. The Company adopted this standard on a prospective basis, effective January 1, 2020. ASU 2018-14 addresses disclosures only and will not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

The FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments in June 2016 related to the accounting for and disclosure of credit losses. The FASB subsequently issued several additional accounting standard updates which amended and clarified the guidance, but did not materially change the guidance or its applicability to the Company. This accounting guidance introduces a new model for recognizing credit losses on financial instruments, including customer accounts receivable, based on an estimate of current expected credit losses. The guidance within this accounting standard update is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption was permitted. The Company did not early adopt, but did adopt the guidance in this accounting standard update, including all applicable subsequent updates to this accounting guidance, as required, on a modified retrospective basis, effective January 1, 2020. Adoption did not have a material impact to the Company’s financial statements as expected. However, as a result of this adoption, the Company recorded a cumulative effect of accounting change that resulted in an increase to its allowance for doubtful accounts of $0.5 million, a decrease to deferred tax liabilities of $0.1 million and a decrease to retained earnings of $0.4 million.

In accordance with this guidance, the Company recognizes an allowance for credit losses reflecting the net amount expected to be collected from its financial assets, primarily trade accounts receivable. This allowance represents the portion of the receivable that the Company does not expect to collect over its contractual life, considering past events and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. The Company’s allowance for credit losses on its trade accounts receivable is based on specific collectability facts and circumstances for each outstanding receivable and customer, the aging of outstanding receivables and the associated collection risk the Company estimates for certain past due aging categories, and also, the general risk to all outstanding accounts receivable based on historical amounts determined to be uncollectible.

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Continued

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

The FASB issued Account Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-01 Investments – Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) –Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815 in January 2020 clarifying the interaction among the accounting standards related to equity securities, equity method investments, and certain derivatives. The new guidance, among other things, states that a company should consider observable transactions that require a company to either apply or discontinue the equity method of accounting, for the purposes of applying the fair value measurement alternative immediately before applying or upon discontinuing the equity method. The new guidance also addresses the measurement of certain purchased options and forward contracts used to acquire investments. The guidance within this accounting standard update is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2020 and is to be applied prospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The Company has not early adopted the guidance and is currently evaluating its implementation.

The FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes in December 2019 to simplify the accounting for income taxes. The guidance within this accounting standard update removes certain exceptions, including the exception to the incremental approach for certain intra-period tax allocations, to the requirement to recognize or not recognize certain deferred tax liabilities for equity method investments and foreign subsidiaries, and to the general methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period when a year-to-date loss exceeds the anticipated loss for the year. Further, the guidance simplifies the accounting related to franchise taxes, the step up in tax basis for goodwill, current and deferred tax expense, and codification improvements for income taxes related to employee stock ownership plans. The guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company has not early adopted the guidance and is currently evaluating its implementation.

The FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement in August 2018 that modifies certain disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. The amendments in this accounting standard update remove disclosures that are no longer considered cost beneficial, clarify the specific requirements of certain disclosures, and add new disclosure requirements as relevant. The guidance within this accounting standard update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020, and should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. Early adoption is permitted. The Company has not early adopted the guidance and is currently evaluating its implementation.

Note 4 – Business Segments

The Company’s operating segments, which are consistent with its reportable segments, reflect the structure of the Company’s internal organization, the method by which the Company’s resources are allocated and the manner by which the Company and the chief operating decision maker assess its performance. During the third quarter of 2019 and in connection with the Combination, the Company reorganized its executive management team to align with its new business structure, which reflects the method by which the chief operating decision maker of the Company assesses its performance and allocates its resources. The Company’s current reportable segment structure includes 4 segments: (i) Americas; (ii) EMEA; (iii) Asia/Pacific; and (iv) Global Specialty Businesses. The three geographic segments are composed of the net sales and operations in each respective region, excluding net sales and operations managed globally by the Global Specialty Businesses segment, which includes the Company’s container, metal finishing, mining, offshore, specialty coatings, specialty grease and Norman Hay businesses. All prior period information for Legacy Quaker has been recast to reflect these four segments as the Company’s new reportable segments. Prior to the Company’s re-segmentation during the third quarter of 2019, the Company’s historical reportable segments were four geographic regions: (i) North America; (ii) EMEA; (iii) Asia/Pacific; and (iv) South America.

Though the Company changed its reportable segments in the third quarter of 2019, the calculation of the reportable segments’ measures of earnings remains otherwise generally consistent with past practices. Segment operating earnings for the Company’s reportable segments are comprised of net sales less cost of goods sold (“COGS”) and selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) directly related to the respective segment’s product sales. Operating expenses not directly attributable to the net sales of each respective segment are not included in segment operating earnings, such as certain corporate and administrative costs, Combination and other acquisition-related expenses, and restructuring and related charges. Other items not specifically identified with the Company’s reportable segments include interest expense, net and other expense, net.

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Continued

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

The following table presents information about the performance of the Company’s reportable operating segments for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019:

		Three Months Ended
		March 31,
		2020		2019
Net sales
	Americas	$	129,896	$	72,225
	EMEA		104,839		52,425
	Asia/Pacific		73,552		46,167
	Global Specialty Businesses		70,274		40,393
Total net sales		$	378,561	$	211,210

Segment operating earnings
	Americas	$	29,188	$	14,339
	EMEA		18,359		8,793
	Asia/Pacific		19,541		12,812
	Global Specialty Businesses		20,560		10,604
Total segment operating earnings			87,648		46,548
Combination and other acquisition-related expenses			(7,878)		(4,483)
Restructuring and related charges			(1,716)		—
Indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment			(38,000)		—
Non-operating and administrative expenses			(38,451)		(20,348)
Depreciation of corporate assets and amortization			(14,047)		(1,888)
Operating (loss) income			(12,444)		19,829
Other expense, net			(21,175)		(635)
Interest expense, net			(8,461)		(776)
(Loss) income before taxes and equity in net income of associated companies		$	(42,080)	$	18,418

Inter-segment revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were $2.9 million and $1.4 million for Americas, $5.5 million and $5.3 million for EMEA, $0.1 million and less than $0.1 million for Asia/Pacific and $1.3 million and $1.5 million for Global Specialty Businesses, respectively. However, all inter-segment transactions have been eliminated from each reportable operating segment’s net sales and earnings for all periods presented in the above tables.

Note 5 – Net Sales and Revenue Recognition

Business Description

The Company develops, produces, and markets a broad range of formulated chemical specialty products and offers chemical management services (“Fluidcare”) for various heavy industrial and manufacturing applications throughout its four segments. The Combination increased the Company’s addressable metalworking, metals and industrial end markets, including steel, aluminum, aerospace, defense, transportation-OEM, transportation-components, offshore sub-sea energy, architectural aluminum, construction, tube and pipe, can and container, mining, specialty coatings and specialty greases. The Combination also strengthened the product portfolio of the combined Company. The major product lines of Quaker Houghton include metal removal fluids, cleaning fluids, corrosion inhibitors, metal drawing and forming fluids, die cast mold releases, heat treatment and quenchants, metal forging fluids, hydraulic fluids, specialty greases, offshore sub-sea energy control fluids, rolling lubricants, rod and wire drawing fluids and surface treatment chemicals.

A substantial portion of the Company’s sales worldwide are made directly through its own employees and its Fluidcare programs, with the balance being handled through distributors and agents. The Company’s employees typically visit the plants of customers regularly, work on site, and, through training and experience, identify production needs which can be resolved or otherwise addressed either by adapting the Company’s existing products or by applying new formulations developed in its laboratories. The specialty chemical industry comprises many companies similar in size to the Company, as well as companies larger and smaller than Quaker Houghton. The offerings of many of the Company’s competitors differ from those of Quaker Houghton; some offer a broad portfolio of fluids, including general lubricants, while others have a more specialized product range. All competitors provide different levels of technical services to individual customers. Competition in the industry is based primarily on the ability to provide products that meet the needs of the customer, render technical services and laboratory assistance to the customer and, to a lesser extent, on price.

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Continued

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

As part of the Company’s Fluidcare business, certain third-party product sales to customers are managed by the Company. Where the Company acts as a principal, revenues are recognized on a gross reporting basis at the selling price negotiated with its customers. Where the Company acts as an agent, revenue is recognized on a net reporting basis at the amount of the administrative fee earned by the Company for ordering the goods. In determining whether the Company is acting as a principal or an agent in each arrangement, the Company considers whether it is primarily responsible for the obligation to provide the specified good, has inventory risk before the specified good has been transferred to the customer and has discretion in establishing the prices for the specified goods. The Company transferred third-party products under arrangements recognized on a net reporting basis of $12.5 million and $10.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

A significant portion of the Company’s revenues are realized from the sale of process fluids and services to manufacturers of steel, aluminum, automobiles, aircraft, industrial equipment, and durable goods, and, therefore, the Company is subject to the same business cycles as those experienced by these manufacturers and their customers. The Company’s financial performance is generally correlated to the volume of global production within the industries it serves, rather than discretely related to the financial performance of such industries. Furthermore, steel and aluminum customers typically have limited manufacturing locations compared to metalworking customers and generally use higher volumes of products at a single location. As previously disclosed in its 2019 Form 10-K, during 2019, the Company’s five largest customers (each composed of multiple subsidiaries or divisions with semiautonomous purchasing authority) accounted for approximately 12% of consolidated net sales, with its largest customer accounting for approximately 6% of consolidated net sales.

Revenue Recognition Model

The Company applies the FASB’s guidance on revenue recognition which requires the Company to recognize revenue in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for goods or services transferred to its customers. To do this, the Company applies the five-step model in the FASB’s guidance, which requires the Company to: (i) identify the contract with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

The Company identifies a contract with a customer when a sales agreement indicates approval and commitment of the parties; identifies the rights of the parties; identifies the payment terms; has commercial substance; and it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer. In most instances, the Company’s contract with a customer is the customer’s purchase order. For certain customers, the Company may also enter into a sales agreement which outlines a framework of terms and conditions which apply to all future and subsequent purchase orders for that customer. In these situations, the Company’s contract with the customer is both the sales agreement as well as the specific customer purchase order. Because the Company’s contract with a customer is typically for a single transaction or customer purchase order, the duration of the contract is almost always one year or less. As a result, the Company has elected to apply certain practical expedients and omit certain disclosures of remaining performance obligations for contracts that have an initial term of one year or less as permitted by the FASB.

The Company identifies a performance obligation in a contract for each promised good or service that is separately identifiable from other obligations in the contract and for which the customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer. The Company determines the transaction price as the amount of consideration it expects to be entitled to in exchange for fulfilling the performance obligations, including the effects of any variable consideration, significant financing elements, amounts payable to the customer or noncash consideration. For any contracts that have more than one performance obligation, the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation in an amount that depicts the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for satisfying each performance obligation.

In accordance with the last step of the FASB’s guidance, the Company recognizes revenue when, or as, it satisfies the performance obligation in a contract by transferring control of a promised good or providing the service to the customer. The Company recognizes revenue over time as the customer receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Company’s performance; the Company’s performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as the asset is created or enhanced; or the Company’s performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to the entity, and the entity has an enforceable right to payment, including a profit margin, for performance completed to date. For performance obligations not satisfied over time, the Company determines the point in time at which a customer obtains control of an asset and the Company satisfies a performance obligation by considering when the Company has a right to payment for the asset; the customer has legal title to the asset; the Company has transferred physical possession of the asset; the customer has the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the asset; or the customer has accepted the asset.

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Continued

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

The Company typically satisfies its performance obligations and recognizes revenue at a point in time for product sales, generally when products are shipped or delivered to the customer, depending on the terms underlying each arrangement. In circumstances where the Company’s products are on consignment, revenue is generally recognized upon usage or consumption by the customer. For any Fluidcare or other services provided by the Company to the customer, the Company typically satisfies its performance obligations and recognizes revenue over time, as the promised services are performed. The Company uses input methods to recognize revenue over time related to these services, including labor costs and time incurred. The Company believes that these input methods represent the most indicative measure of the Fluidcare or other service work performed by the Company.

Other Considerations

The Company does not have standard payment terms for all customers; however the Company’s general payment terms require customers to pay for products or services provided after the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company does not have significant financing arrangements with its customers. The Company does not have significant amounts of variable consideration in its contracts with customers and where applicable, the Company’s estimates of variable consideration are not constrained. The Company records certain third-party license fees in other expense, net, in its Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, which generally include sales-based royalties in exchange for the license of intellectual property. These license fees are recognized in accordance with their agreed-upon terms and when performance obligations are satisfied, which is generally when the third party has a subsequent sale.

Practical Expedients and Accounting Policy Elections

The Company has made certain accounting policy elections and elected to use certain practical expedients as permitted by the FASB in applying the guidance on revenue recognition. It is the Company’s policy to not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component as the Company expects, at contract inception, that the period between when the Company transfers a promised good or service to the customer and when the customer pays for that good or service will be one year or less. In addition, it is the Company’s policy to expense costs to obtain a contract as incurred when the expected period of benefit, and therefore the amortization period, is one year or less. It is also the Company’s accounting policy to exclude from the measurement of the transaction price all taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction and collected by the entity from a customer, including sales, use, value added, excise and various other taxes. Lastly, the Company has elected to account for shipping and handling activities that occur after the customer has obtained control of a good as a fulfilment cost rather than an additional promised service.

Contract Assets and Liabilities

The Company recognizes a contract asset or receivable on its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet when the Company provides a good or service in advance of receiving consideration. A receivable is the Company’s right to consideration that is unconditional and only the passage of time is required before payment of that consideration is due. A contract asset is the Company’s right to consideration in exchange for goods or services that the Company has transferred to a customer. The Company had 0 material contract assets recorded on its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2020 or December 31, 2019.

A contract liability is recognized when the Company receives consideration, or if it has the unconditional right to receive consideration, in advance of performance. A contract liability is the Company’s obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Company has received consideration, or a specified amount of consideration is due, from the customer. The Company’s contract liabilities primarily represent deferred revenue recorded for customer payments received by the Company prior to the Company satisfying the associated performance obligation. Deferred revenues are presented within other current liabilities in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company had approximately $2.5 million and $2.2 million of deferred revenue as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company satisfied all of the associated performance obligations and recognized into revenue the advance payments received and recorded as of December 31, 2019.

Disaggregated Revenue

The Company sells its various industrial process fluids, its specialty chemicals and its technical expertise as a global product portfolio. The Company generally manages and evaluates its performance by segment first, and then by customer industry, rather than by individual product lines. The Company has provided annual net sales information by major product lines that represent approximately 10% or more of consolidated net sales in its 2019 Form 10-K, and those annual percentages are generally consistent with the current quarter’s net sales by product line. Also, net sales of each of the Company’s major product lines are generally spread throughout all three of the Company’s geographic regions, and in most cases, approximately proportionate to the level of total sales in each region.

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Continued

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

The following tables disaggregate the Company’s net sales by segment, geographic region, customer industry, and timing of revenue recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. The Company has made certain reclassifications of disaggregated customer industry disclosures for the three months ended March 31, 2019 ~~filed~~to conform with the ~~U.S. Securities~~Company’s current period customer industry segmentation.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
							Consolidated
	Americas		EMEA		Asia/Pacific		Total
Customer Industries
Metals	$	46,673	$	29,888	$	41,589	$	118,150
Metalworking and other		83,223		74,951		31,963		190,137
		129,896		104,839		73,552		308,287
Global Specialty Businesses		44,231		16,605		9,438		70,274
	$	174,127	$	121,444	$	82,990	$	378,561

Timing of Revenue Recognized
Product sales at a point in time	$	168,802	$	118,423	$	81,156	$	368,381
Services transferred over time		5,325		3,021		1,834		10,180
	$	174,127	$	121,444	$	82,990	$	378,561

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
							Consolidated
	Americas		EMEA		Asia/Pacific		Total
Customer Industries
Metals	$	40,925	$	24,716	$	29,213	$	94,854
Metalworking and other		31,300		27,709		16,954		75,963
		72,225		52,425		46,167		170,817
Global Specialty Businesses		32,170		3,863		4,360		40,393
	$	104,395	$	56,288	$	50,527	$	211,210

Timing of Revenue Recognized
Product sales at a point in time	$	101,547	$	56,234	$	48,651	$	206,432
Services transferred over time		2,848		54		1,876		4,778
	$	104,395	$	56,288	$	50,527	$	211,210

Note 6 - Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at its inception. This determination generally depends on whether the arrangement conveys the right to control the use of an identified fixed asset explicitly or implicitly for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Control of an underlying asset is conveyed if the Company obtains the rights to direct the use of, and ~~Exchange Commission~~obtains substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of, the underlying asset. Lease expense for variable leases and short-term leases is recognized when the obligation is incurred.

The Company has operating leases for certain facilities, vehicles and machinery and equipment with remaining lease terms up to 11 years. In addition, the Company has certain land use leases with remaining lease terms up to 95 years. The lease term for all of the Company’s leases includes the non-cancellable period of the lease plus any additional periods covered by an option to extend the lease that the Company is reasonably certain it will exercise. Operating leases are included in right of use lease assets, other current liabilities and long-term lease liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Right of use lease assets and liabilities are recognized at each lease’s commencement date based on the present value of its lease payments over its respective lease term. The Company uses the stated borrowing rate for a lease when readily determinable. When a stated borrowing rate is not available in a lease agreement, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on information available at the lease’s commencement date to determine the present value of its lease payments. In determining the incremental borrowing rate used to present value each of its leases, the Company considers certain information including fully secured borrowing rates readily available to the Company and its

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Continued

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

subsidiaries. The Company has immaterial finance leases, which are included in property, plant and equipment, current portion of long-term debt and long-term debt on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Operating lease expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $3.4 million and $1.8 million, respectively. Short-term lease expense was $0.5 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company has no material variable lease costs or sublease income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. Cash paid for operating leases was $3.4 million and $1.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company recorded new right of use lease assets and associated lease liabilities of approximately $1.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to the Company’s leases is as follows:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Right of use lease assets	$	40,496	$	42,905

Other current liabilities		10,731		11,177
Long-term lease liabilities		29,402		31,273
Total operating lease liabilities	$	40,133	$	42,450

Weighted average remaining lease term (years)		6.1		6.2
Weighted average discount rate		4.22%		4.21%

Maturities of operating lease liabilities as of March 31, 2020 were as follows:

	March 31,
	2020
For the remainder of 2020	$	9,508
For the year ended December 31, 2021		10,234
For the year ended December 31, 2022		6,817
For the year ended December 31, 2023		4,953
For the year ended December 31, 2024		3,981
For the year ended December 31, 2025 and beyond		10,919
Total lease payments		46,412
Less: imputed interest		(6,279)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	40,133

Note 7 – Restructuring and Related Activities

As previously disclosed in its 2019 Form 10-K, in the third quarter of 2019, the Company’s management approved a global restructuring plan (the ~~“SEC”~~“QH Program”) as part of its plan to realize certain cost synergies associated with the Combination. The QH Program includes restructuring and associated severance costs to reduce total headcount by approximately 325 people globally and plans for the closure of certain manufacturing and non-manufacturing facilities. The exact timing and total costs associated with the QH Program will depend on ~~May 2,~~a number of factors and is subject to change; however, the Company currently expects reduction in headcount and site closures to continue to occur during 2020 and 2021 under the QH Program and estimates that total costs related to the QH Program will approximate one-times the anticipated cost synergies realized from the QH Program. Employee separation benefits will vary depending on local regulations within certain foreign countries and will include severance and other benefits.

All costs incurred to date relate specifically to severance costs to reduce headcount and are recorded in Restructuring and related charges in the Company’s Condensed Statements of Operations. As described in Note 4 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, restructuring and related charges are not included in the Company’s calculation of reportable segments’ measure of operating earnings and therefore these costs are not reviewed by or recorded to reportable segments.

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Continued

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

Activity in the Company’s accrual for restructuring under the QH Program for the three months ended March 31, 2020 is as follows:

		QH Program
Accrued restructuring as of December 31, 2019		$	18,043
	Restructuring and related charges		1,716
	Cash payments		(4,841)
	Currency translation adjustments		(370)
Accrued restructuring as of March 31, 2020		$	14,548

Note 8 – Share-Based Compensation

The Company recognized the following share-based compensation expense in its Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Stock options	$	432	$	260
Nonvested restricted stock awards and restricted stock units		1,264		698
Employee stock purchase plan		-		23
Director stock ownership plan		40		31
Annual incentive plan		2,946		-
Total share-based compensation expense	$	4,682	$	1,012

Share-based compensation expenses is recorded in SG&A, except for $0.5 million and less than $0.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, ~~(the “Original Filing”~~respectively, recorded within Combination and other acquisition-related expenses. The increase in total share-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 includes annual incentive plan costs as a component of share-based compensation beginning in 2020, described further below.

Stock Options

During the first quarter of 2020, the Company granted stock options under its long-term incentive plan (“LTIP”)~~. However, this amendment does not change our consolidated financial statements as~~ that are subject only to time vesting over a three-year period. For the purposes of determining the fair value of stock option awards, the Company used a Black-Scholes option pricing model and the assumptions set forth in the ~~Original Filing.~~table below:

Number of options granted	49,115
Dividend yield	0.99	%
Expected volatility	31.57	%
Risk-free interest rate	0.36	%
Expected term (years)	4.0

The fair value of these options is amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. As of March 31, 2020, unrecognized compensation expense related to all stock options granted was $2.5 million, to be recognized over a weighted average remaining period of 2.3 years.

Restricted Stock Awards and Restricted Stock Units

During the first quarter of 2020, the Company granted 19,927 nonvested restricted shares and 3,039 nonvested restricted stock units under its LTIP, subject to time-based vesting, generally over a three-year period. The ~~purpose~~fair value of these grants is based on the trading price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The Company adjusts the grant date fair value of these awards for expected forfeitures based on historical experience. As of March 31, 2020, unrecognized compensation expense related to the nonvested restricted shares was $6.7 million, to be recognized over a weighted average remaining period of 2.2 years, and unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested restricted stock units was $0.9 million, to be recognized over a weighted average remaining period of 2.2 years.

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Continued

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

Performance Stock Units

In March 2020, the Company included performance-dependent stock awards (“PSUs”) as a component of its LTIP, which will be settled in a certain number of shares subject to market-based and time-based vesting conditions. The number of fully vested shares that may ultimately be issued as settlement for each award may range from 0% up to 200% of the target award, subject to the achievement of the Company’s total shareholder return (“TSR”) relative to the performance of the Company’s peer group, the S&P Midcap 400 Materials group. The service period required for the PSUs is three years and the TSR measurement period for the PSUs is from January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2022.

Compensation expense for PSUs is measured based on their grant date fair value and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the three-year vesting period. The grant-date fair value of the PSUs was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation on the grant date and using the following assumptions: (i) a risk-free rate of 0.28%; (ii) an expected term of 3.0 years; and (iii) a three-year daily historical volatility for each of the companies in the peer group, including Quaker Houghton. As of March 31, 2020, the Company estimates that it will issue approximately 38,000 fully vested shares as of the settlement date of the award based on the conditions of the PSUs and Company’s closing stock price on March 31, 2020.

As of March 31, 2020, there was approximately $3.4 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to PSUs, which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted-average period of 3.0 years.

Annual Incentive Plan

The Company maintains an Annual Incentive Plan (“AIP”), which may be settled in cash or a certain number of shares subject to performance-based and time-based vesting conditions. It is the Company’s current intention to settle the 2020 AIP in shares, and therefore, expense associated with the AIP in 2020 will be recorded as a component of share-based compensation expense. The number of fully vested shares that may ultimately be issued as settlement for each award is subject to the achievement of the Company’s performance against certain internal financial and non-financial metrics and approval by the Company’s Compensation Committee.

Compensation expense for the AIP is measured based on the estimated total value of the award. The number of shares that will ultimately be issued under the AIP award will be equal to final value of the award converted into a number of shares based on the trading price of the Company’s common stock on the date of settlement. As of March 31, 2020, the Company estimates that it will issue approximately 93,000 fully vested shares as of the settlement date of the award based on the conditions of the AIP, the Company’s projected performance against its performance metrics and Company’s closing stock price on March 31, 2020.

Note 9 – Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits

The components of net periodic benefit cost for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
					Other
	Pension Benefits				Postretirement Benefits
		2020		2019		2020		2019
Service cost	$	1,174	$	986	$	2	$	2
Interest cost		1,769		1,111		26		35
Expected return on plan assets		(1,959)		(984)		—		—
Settlement loss		22,667		—		—		—
Actuarial loss amortization		1,047		775		15		—
Prior service (credit) cost amortization		(40)		(42)		—		—
Total net periodic benefit cost	$	24,658	$	1,846	$	43	$	37

In the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company began the process of terminating its legacy Quaker non-contributory U.S. pension plan (“Legacy Quaker U.S. Pension Plan”). During the third quarter of 2019, the Company received a favorable termination determination letter from the Internal Revenue Service (“I.R.S.”) and amended the Legacy Quaker U.S. Pension Plan to comply with final regulations of the Internal Revenue Code. The Company completed the Legacy Quaker U.S. Pension Plan termination during the first quarter of 2020. In order to terminate the Legacy Quaker U.S. Pension Plan in accordance with I.R.S. and Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation requirements, the Company was required to fully fund the Legacy Quaker U.S. Pension Plan on a termination basis and the amount necessary to do so was approximately $1.8 million, subject to final true up adjustments to be completed over the next several months. In addition, the Company recorded a non-cash pension settlement charge at plan termination of approximately $22.7 million. This settlement charge included the immediate recognition into expense of the related unrecognized losses within accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (“AOCI”) on the balance sheet as of the plan termination date.

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Continued

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

Employer Contributions

The Company previously disclosed in its 2019 Form 10-K that it expected to make minimum cash contributions of $10.0 million to its U.S. and foreign pension plans and approximately $0.4 million to its other postretirement benefit plans in 2020. As a result of certain current year pension plan funding relief provided by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) enacted into law on March 27, 2020, the Company now expects to make minimum cash contributions of $8.0 million to its U.S. and foreign pension plans in 2020. As of March 31, 2020, $3.8 million and $0.1 million of contributions have been made to the Company’s U.S. and foreign pension plans and its other postretirement benefit plans, respectively.This excludes the $1.8 million of additional funding made in the first quarter of 2020, as required, to terminate the Legacy Quaker U.S. Pension Plan, noted above.

Note 10 – Other Expense, Net

The components of other expense, net for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Income from third party license fees	$	304	$	220
Foreign exchange gains (losses), net		821		(237)
Gain on fixed asset disposals, net		2		9
Non-income tax refunds and other related credits		1,299		152
Pension and postretirement benefit costs, non-service components		(23,525)		(896)
Other non-operating income		180		148
Other non-operating expense		(256)		(31)
Total other expense, net	$	(21,175)	$	(635)	��

Pension and postretirement benefit costs, non-service components during the three months ended March 31, 2020 includes $22.7 million related to the Legacy Quaker U.S. Pension Plan non-cash settlement charge described in Note 9 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Note 11 – Income Taxes and Uncertain Income Tax Positions

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was a benefit of 31.1% compared to an expense of 26.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was impacted by the tax effect of certain one-time pre-tax losses as well as certain tax charges and benefits in the current period including those related to changes in foreign tax credit valuation allowances, tax law changes in a foreign jurisdiction, and the tax impact of the Company’s termination of its Legacy Quaker U.S. Pension Plan. Comparatively, the prior year first quarter effective tax rate was impacted by certain non-deductible costs associated with the Combination.

On March 27, 2020, in response to COVID-19 and its detrimental impact to the global economy, the CARES Act was enacted into law, providing a stimulus to the U.S. economy in the form of various individual and business assistance programs as well as temporary changes to existing tax law. Among the changes include a postponement of certain tax payments, deferral of the employer’s portion of the social security tax and certain other payroll-related incentives, and an increase in the interest expense limitation under Section 163(j) of the Internal Revenue Code from 30% to 50% for the 2019 and 2020 tax years. ASC 740 requires the tax effects of changes in tax laws or rates to be recorded in the period of enactment. Under the CARES Act, the Company has the option to use its 2019 adjusted taxable income in determining its interest expense limitation under Section 163(j). While the Company is still considering whether to make this election for 2020, the current quarter tax provision takes into account this potential election and associated tax benefit, which offsets an increase to the Company’s foreign tax credit valuation allowance recognized during the current quarter primarily driven by changes in current year projected taxable income due to the negative impacts from COVID-19. In addition, the Company reviewed its existing deferred tax assets in light of COVID-19 and determined that, at this time, no change in valuation allowance is required except with regard to its foreign tax credits as noted above. While the ultimate impact of COVID-19 on the Company’s results of operations is still uncertain, the Company will continue to assess future changes in projected taxable income to determine if they result in additional changes to any of the Company’s valuation allowances.

As previously disclosed in its 2019 Form 10-K, the Company had a deferred tax liability of $8.2 million, which primarily represents the Company’s estimate of non-U.S. taxes it will incur to repatriate certain foreign earnings to the U.S. During the first quarter of 2020, the Company made certain adjustments to the deferred tax liability to take into account a tax law change enacted in the quarter in a certain foreign jurisdiction, the inclusion of other earnings to be repatriated, and the actual repatriation of earnings, resulting in a deferred tax liability of $7.4 million as of March 31, 2020.

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Continued

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

As of March 31, 2020, the Company’s cumulative liability for gross unrecognized tax benefits was $19.0 million, a decrease of $0.1 million from the cumulative liability accrued as of December 31, 2019.

The Company continues to recognize interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions as a component of taxes on (loss) income before equity in net income of associated companies in its Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company recognized an expense of less than $0.1 million for interest and a benefit of $0.1 million for penalties in its Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020, and recognized an expense of $0.1 million for interest and an expense of less than $0.1 million for penalties in its Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had accrued $2.2 million for cumulative interest and $3.3 million for cumulative penalties in its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, compared to $2.3 million for cumulative interest and $3.1 million for cumulative penalties accrued at December 31, 2019.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized decreases of $0.8 million and $0.1 million, respectively, in its cumulative liability for gross unrecognized tax benefits due to the expiration of the applicable statutes of limitations for certain tax years.

The Company estimates that during the year ending December 31, 2020 it will reduce its cumulative liability for gross unrecognized tax benefits by approximately $2.4 million due to the expiration of the statute of limitations with regard to certain tax positions. This estimated reduction in the cumulative liability for unrecognized tax benefits does not consider any increase in liability for unrecognized tax benefits with regard to existing tax positions or any increase in cumulative liability for unrecognized tax benefits with regard to new tax positions for the year ending December 31, 2020.

The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to U.S. Federal income tax, as well as the income tax of various state and foreign tax jurisdictions. Tax years that remain subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions include Brazil from 2000, Italy from 2006, China from 2009, Canada from 2010, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom from 2014, Mexico, Spain and Germany from 2015, India from fiscal year beginning April 1, 2017 and ending March 31, 2018, the U.S. from 2016, and various U.S. state tax jurisdictions from 2010.

As previously reported, the Italian tax authorities have assessed additional tax due from the Company’s subsidiary, Quaker Italia S.r.l., relating to the tax years 2007 through 2013. The Company has filed for competent authority relief from these assessments under the Mutual Agreement Procedures (“MAP”) of the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development for all years except 2007. During the second quarter of 2018, the Italian tax authorities assessed additional tax due from Quaker Italia, S.r.l., relating to the tax years 2014 and 2015. The Company met with the Italian tax authorities in the fourth quarter of 2018 to discuss these assessments and no resolution was agreed upon, so the Company filed an appeal with the first level of tax court in Italy. If the appeal is not successful in materially reducing the assessed tax, then the Company will further evaluate its options including potentially filing for competent authority relief from these assessments under MAP, consistent with the Company’s previous filings for 2008 through 2013. As of March 31, 2020, the Company believes it has adequate reserves for uncertain tax positions with respect to these and all other audits.

Houghton Italia, S.r.l is also currently involved in a corporate income tax audit with the Italian tax authorities covering tax years 2014 through 2018. As part of the purchase accounting related to the Combination, the Company has established a $5.4 million reserve for uncertain tax positions relating to this audit. These amounts relate to the 2014 to 2018 audit periods as well as the seven-month period in 2019 prior to the Combination. Since these amounts relate to tax periods prior to the Combination, the Company expects that it would file an indemnification claim with Houghton’s former owners for any tax liabilities arising pre-Combination. As a result, a corresponding $5.4 million indemnification receivable has also been established through purchase accounting that would offset the $5.4 million in tax liabilities booked through purchase accounting. As of March 31, 2020, the Company believes it has adequate reserves for uncertain tax positions.

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Continued

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

Note 12 – Earnings Per Share

The following table summarizes earnings per share calculations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019:

		Three Months Ended
		March 31,
		2020		2019
Basic (loss) earnings per common share
	Net (loss) income attributable to Quaker Chemical Corporation	$	(28,381)	$	13,844
	Less: loss (income) allocated to participating securities		101		(46)
	Net (loss) income available to common shareholders	$	(28,280)	$	13,798
	Basic weighted average common shares outstanding		17,672,525		13,291,589
Basic (loss) earnings per common share		$	(1.60)	$	1.04

Diluted (loss) earnings per common share
	Net (loss) income attributable to Quaker Chemical Corporation	$	(28,381)	$	13,844
	Less: loss (income) allocated to participating securities		101		(46)
	Net (loss) income available to common shareholders	$	(28,280)	$	13,798
	Basic weighted average common shares outstanding		17,672,525		13,291,589
	Effect of dilutive securities		—		46,901
	Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding		17,672,525		13,338,490
Diluted (loss) earnings per common share		$	(1.60)	$	1.03

During the third quarter of 2019, the Company issued approximately 4.3 million shares of common stock, comprising 24.5% of the common stock of the Company immediately after the closing, as a component of the consideration transferred in the Combination. Certain stock options and restricted stock units are not included in the diluted (loss) earnings per share calculation when the effect would have been anti-dilutive. All of the Company’s potentially dilutive shares for the three months ended March 31, 2020 are anti-dilutive and not included in the dilutive (loss) earnings per share calculations because of the Company’s net loss during the period. Additionally, there were 0 anti-dilutive shares for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Note 13 – Restricted Cash

The Company has restricted cash recorded in other assets related to proceeds from an inactive subsidiary of the Company which previously executed separate settlement and release agreements with two of its insurance carriers for an original total value of $35.0 million. The proceeds of both settlements are restricted and can only be used to pay claims and costs of defense associated with the subsidiary’s asbestos litigation. The proceeds of the settlement and release agreements have been deposited into interest bearing accounts that earned less than $0.1 million in each of the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, offset by $0.2 million of net payments during each of the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Due to the restricted nature of the proceeds, a corresponding deferred credit was established in other non-current liabilities for an equal and offsetting amount, and will remain until the restrictions lapse or the funds are exhausted via payments of claims and costs of defense.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of March 31, 2020 and 2019 and December 31, 2019 and 2018:

	March 31,				December 31,
	2020		2019		2019		2018
Cash and cash equivalents	$	316,437	$	71,960	$	123,524	$	104,147
Restricted cash included in other current assets		34		—		353		—
Restricted cash included in other assets		19,480		20,153		19,678		20,278
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	335,951	$	92,113	$	143,555	$	124,425

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Continued

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

Note 14 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the three months ended March 31, 2020 were as follows:

								Global
								Specialty
		Americas		EMEA		Asia/Pacific		Businesses		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2019		$	216,385	$	133,018	$	141,727	$	116,075	$	607,205
	Currency translation and other adjustments		(11,212)		(5,557)		5,113		(3,164)		(14,820)
Balance as of March 31, 2020		$	205,173	$	127,461	$	146,840	$	112,911	$	592,385

Other adjustments in the table above include updates to the Company’s allocation of the Houghton purchase price and associated goodwill to each of the Company’s reportable segments during the first quarter of 2020.

Gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization for definite-lived intangible assets as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were as follows:

	Gross Carrying				Accumulated
	Amount				Amortization
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Customer lists and rights to sell	$	772,747	$	792,362	$	60,610	$	49,932
Trademarks, formulations and product technology		155,416		157,049		23,075		21,299
Other		6,274		6,261		5,649		5,776
Total definite-lived intangible assets	$	934,437	$	955,672	$	89,334	$	77,007

The Company amortizes definite-lived intangible assets on a straight-line basis over their useful lives. The Company recorded $14.0 million and $1.8 million of amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Estimated annual aggregate amortization expense for the current year and subsequent five years is as follows:

For the year ended December 31, 2020	$	54,690
For the year ended December 31, 2021		54,301
For the year ended December 31, 2022		54,154
For the year ended December 31, 2023		53,940
For the year ended December 31, 2024		53,526
For the year ended December 31, 2025		52,766

Goodwill and intangible assets that have indefinite lives are not amortized and are required to be assessed at least annually for impairment. The Company completes its annual goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment test during the fourth quarter of each year. The Company continuously evaluates if triggering events indicate a possible impairment in one or more of its reporting units or indefinite-lived or long-lived assets.

The Company determined that the expected impact from COVID-19 on current and future year projected net sales attributable to legacy Houghton represented a triggering event, and as a result of this ~~Amended Filing is to revise Part I, Item 4 to reflect management’s~~ conclusion, ~~that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at~~the Company completed an interim quantitative indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment assessment as of March 31, 2020. Driven by a decrease in projected legacy Houghton net sales in the current year and the impact of the current year decline on projected future legacy Houghton net sales as well as an increase in the weighted average cost of capital assumption utilized in the quantitative impairment assessment, the Company concluded that the estimated fair values of the Houghton and Fluidcare trademark and tradename intangible assets were less than their carrying values. As a result, an impairment charge of $38.0 million to write down the carrying values of these intangible assets to their estimated fair values was recorded in the first quarter of 2020. The Company’s estimate of fair value and the carrying value of these Houghton and Fluidcare trademark and tradename indefinite-lived intangible assets as of March 31, 2020 was $204.0 million. Comparatively, these indefinite-lived intangible assets totaled $242.0 million as of December 31, 2019. In addition, the Company has other indefinite-lived intangible assets totaling $1.1 million as of both March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Continued

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

While the Company concluded that the impact of COVID-19 did not represent a triggering event as of March 31, 2020 for any of its other long-lived or indefinite-lived assets or reporting units, the Company will continue to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the Company’s current and projected results. If current economic conditions worsen or projections of the timeline for recovery are significantly extended, then the Company may conclude in the future that the impact from COVID-19 requires the need to perform further interim quantitative impairment tests, which could result in additional impairment charges in the future.

Note 15 – Debt

Debt as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 includes the following:

		As of March 31, 2020				As of December 31, 2019
		Interest		Outstanding		Interest	Outstanding
		Rate		Balance		Rate	Balance
Credit Facilities:
	Revolver		2.50%	$	376,550	3.20%	$	171,169
	U.S. Term Loan		2.70%		592,500	3.20%		600,000
	EURO Term Loan		1.50%		146,435	1.50%		151,188
Industrial development bonds			5.26%		10,000	5.26%		10,000
Bank lines of credit and other debt obligations			Various		2,341	Various		2,608
Total debt				$	1,127,826		$	934,965
Less: debt issuance costs					(13,422)			(14,196)
Less: short-term and current portion of long-term debts					(38,112)			(38,332)
Total long-term debt				$	1,076,292		$	882,437

Credit facilities

The Company’s primary credit facility (as amended, the “New Credit Facility”) is comprised of a $400.0 million multicurrency revolver (the “Revolver”), a $600.0 million term loan (the “U.S. Term Loan”), each with the Company as borrower, and a $150.0 million (as of August 1, 2019) Euro equivalent term loan (the “EURO Term Loan” and together with the “U.S. Term Loan”, the “Term Loans”) with Quaker Chemical B.V., a Dutch subsidiary of the Company as borrower, each with a five-year term maturing in August 2024. Subject to the consent of the administrative agent and certain other conditions, the Company may designate additional borrowers. The maximum amount available under the New Credit Facility can be increased by up to $300.0 million at the Company’s request if there are lenders who agree to accept additional commitments and the Company has satisfied certain other conditions. Borrowings under the New Credit Facility bear interest at a base rate or LIBOR plus an applicable margin based upon the Company’s consolidated net leverage ratio. There are LIBOR replacement provisions that contemplate a further amendment if and when LIBOR ceases to be reported. Interest incurred on the outstanding borrowings under the New Credit Facility during the three months ended March 31, 2020 was approximately 3.0%. In addition to paying interest on outstanding principal under the New Credit Facility, the Company is required to pay a 0.25% commitment fee to the lenders under the Revolver in respect of the unutilized commitments thereunder. The Company has unused capacity under the Revolver of approximately $15 million, net of bank letters of credit of approximately $8 million, as of March 31, 2020, as the Company drew down most of the available capacity under the Revolver on March 24, 2020 as a precautionary measure due to COVID-19 uncertainty.

The New Credit Facility is subject to certain financial and other covenants. The Company’s initial consolidated net debt to consolidated adjusted EBITDA ratio cannot exceed 4.25 to 1, with step downs in the permitted ratio over the course of the New Credit Facility. The Company’s consolidated adjusted EBITDA to interest expense ratio cannot be less than 3.0 to 1. The New Credit Facility also prohibits the payment of cash dividends if the Company is in default or if the amount of the dividend paid annually exceeds the greater of $50.0 million and 20% of consolidated adjusted EBITDA unless the ratio of consolidated net debt to consolidated adjusted EBITDA is less than 2.0 to 1, in which case there is no such limitation on amount. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all of the New Credit Facility covenants. The Term Loans have quarterly principal amortization during their respective five-year maturities, with 5.0% amortization of the principal balance due in years 1 and 2, 7.5% in year 3, and 10.0% in years 4 and 5, with the remaining principal amount due at maturity. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company made the first quarterly amortization payment related to the Term Loans of $9.4 million. The New Credit Facility is guaranteed by certain of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries and is secured by first priority liens on substantially all of the assets of the Company and the domestic subsidiary guarantors, subject to certain customary exclusions. The obligations of the Dutch borrower only are guaranteed by certain foreign subsidiaries on an unsecured basis.

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Continued

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

The New Credit Facility requires the Company to deliver to the administrative agent and each lender the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company for each fiscal year in a prescribed period of time. On March 17, 2020, the Company, the administrative agent, and all parties to the New Credit Facility entered into an amendment (the “Amendment”) which allowed the Company to deliver the annual audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019 to the bank group no later than April 16, 2020 as compared to the initial deadline of March 17, 2020. The Company delivered its 2019 audited consolidated financial statements to the administrative agent and each lender on March 20, 2020 in compliance with the Amendment.

The New Credit Facility required the Company to fix its variable interest rates on at least 20% of its total Term Loans. In order to satisfy this requirement as well as to manage the Company’s exposure to variable interest rate risk associated with the New Credit Facility, in November 2019, the Company entered into $170.0 million notional amounts of three-year interest rate swaps at a base rate of 1.64% plus an applicable margin as provided in the New Credit Facility, based on the Company’s consolidated net leverage ratio. At the time the Company entered into the swaps, and as of March 31, 2020, this aggregate rate was 3.1%. See Note 18 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Company capitalized $23.7 million of certain third-party debt issuance costs in connection with executing the New Credit Facility. Approximately $15.5 million of the capitalized costs were attributed to the Term Loans and recorded as a direct reduction of long-term debt on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Approximately $8.3 million of the capitalized costs were attributed to the Revolver and recorded within other assets on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. These capitalized costs are being amortized into interest expense over the five-year term of the New Credit Facility. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had $13.4 million and $14.2 million, respectively, of debt issuance costs recorded as a reduction of long-term debt. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had $7.2 million and $7.6 million, respectively, of debt issuance costs recorded within other assets.

Industrial development bonds

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had fixed rate, industrial development authority bonds totaling $10.0 million in principal amount due in 2028. These bonds have similar covenants to the New Credit Facility noted above.

Bank lines of credit and other debt obligations

The Company has certain unsecured bank lines of credit and discounting facilities in one of its foreign subsidiaries, which are not collateralized. The Company’s other debt obligations primarily consist of certain domestic and foreign low interest rate or interest-free municipality-related loans, local credit facilities of certain foreign subsidiaries and capital lease obligations. Total unused capacity under these arrangements as of March 31, 2020 was approximately $36 million.

In addition to the bank letters of credit described in the “Credit facilities” subsection above, the Company’s only other off-balance sheet arrangements include certain financial and other guarantees. The Company’s total bank letters of credit and guarantees outstanding as of March 31, 2020 were approximately $14 million.

The Company incurred the following debt related expenses included within Interest expense, net, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Interest expense	$	7,712	$	1,172
Amortization of debt issuance costs		1,187		42
Total	$	8,899	$	1,214

Based on the variable interest rates associated with the New Credit Facility, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the amounts at which the Company’s total debt were recorded are not materially different from their fair market value.

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Continued

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

Note 16 – Equity

The following tables present the changes in equity, net of tax, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019:

									Accumulated
					Capital in				Other
			Common		Excess of		Retained		Comprehensive		Noncontrolling
			Stock		Par Value		Earnings		Loss		Interest		Total
Balance at December 31, 2019			$	17,735	$	888,218	$	412,979	$	(78,170)	$	1,604	$	1,242,366
	Cumulative effect of an accounting change			-		-		(402)		-		-		(402)
Balance at January 1, 2020				17,735		888,218		412,577		(78,170)		1,604		1,241,964
	Net (loss) income			-		-		(28,381)		-		37		(28,344)
	Amounts reported in other comprehensive
		loss		-		-		-		(43,354)		(132)		(43,486)
	Dividends ($0.385 per share)			-		-		(6,834)		-		-		(6,834)
	Acquisition of noncontrolling interest			-		(707)		-		-		(340)		(1,047)
	Distribution to noncontrolling interest
		affiliate shareholders		-		-		-		-		(751)		(751)
	Share issuance and equity-based
		compensation plans		17		1,022		-		-		-		1,039
Balance at March 31, 2020			$	17,752	$	888,533	$	377,362	$	(121,524)	$	418	$	1,162,541

Balance at December 31, 2018			$	13,338	$	97,304	$	405,125	$	(80,715)	$	1,317	$	436,369
	Cumulative effect of an accounting change			-		-		(44)		-		-		(44)
Balance at January 1, 2019				13,338		97,304		405,081		(80,715)		1,317		436,325
	Net income			-		-		13,844		-		56		13,900
	Amounts reported in other comprehensive
		income (loss)		-		-		-		1,548		(1)		1,547
	Dividends ($0.370 per share)			-		-		(4,933)		-		-		(4,933)
	Share issuance and equity-based
		compensation plans		(4)		(472)		-		-		-		(476)
Balance at March 31, 2019			$	13,334	$	96,832	$	413,992	$	(79,167)	$	1,372	$	446,363

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Continued

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

The following tables show the reclassifications from and resulting balances of AOCI for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019:

					Defined		Unrealized
			Currency		Benefit		Gain (Loss) in
			Translation		Retirement		Available-for-		Derivative
			Adjustments		Plans		Sale Securities		Instruments		Total
Balance at December 31, 2019			$	(44,568)	$	(34,533)	$	1,251	$	(320)	$	(78,170)
	Other comprehensive (loss) income before
		reclassifications		(54,619)		828		(2,135)		(5,170)		(61,096)
	Amounts reclassified from AOCI			-		24,366		(32)		-		24,334
	Current period other comprehensive (loss) income			(54,619)		25,194		(2,167)		(5,170)		(36,762)
	Related tax amounts			-		(8,237)		456		1,189		(6,592)
	Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income			(54,619)		16,957		(1,711)		(3,981)		(43,354)
Balance at March 31, 2020			$	(99,187)	$	(17,576)	$	(460)	$	(4,301)	$	(121,524)

Balance at December 31, 2018			$	(49,322)	$	(30,551)	$	(842)	$	-	$	(80,715)
	Other comprehensive (loss) income before
		reclassifications		(431)		160		1,707		-		1,436
	Amounts reclassified from AOCI			-		733		(96)		-		637
	Current period other comprehensive (loss) income			(431)		893		1,611		-		2,073
	Related tax amounts			-		(187)		(338)		-		(525)
	Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income			(431)		706		1,273		-		1,548
Balance at March 31, 2019			$	(49,753)	$	(29,845)	$	431	$	-	$	(79,167)

All reclassifications related to unrealized (loss) gain in available-for-sale securities relate to the Company’s equity interest in a captive insurance company and are recorded in equity in net income of associated companies. The amounts reported in other comprehensive income for non-controlling interest are related to currency translation adjustments.

Note 17 – Fair Value Measurements

The Company has valued its company-owned life insurance policies at fair value. These assets are subject to fair value measurement as follows:

			Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2020
	Total			Using Fair Value Hierarchy
Assets	Fair Value			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Company-owned life insurance	$	1,509		$	—	$	1,509	$	—
Total	$	1,509		$	—	$	1,509	$	—

			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2019
	Total			Using Fair Value Hierarchy
Assets	Fair Value			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Company-owned life insurance	$	1,782		$	—	$	1,782	$	—
Total	$	1,782		$	—	$	1,782	$	—

The fair values of Company-owned life insurance assets are based on quotes for like instruments with similar credit ratings and terms. The Company did not hold any Level 3 investments as of March 31, 2020 or December 31, 2019, respectively, so related disclosures have not been included.

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Continued

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

Note 18 – Hedging Activities

As previously disclosed in its 2019 Form 10-K, in order to satisfy certain requirements of the New Credit Facility as well as to manage the Company’s exposure to variable interest rate risk associated with the New Credit Facility, in November 2019, the Company entered into $170.0 million notional amounts of three-year interest rate swaps. See Note 15 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. These interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges and, as such, the contracts are marked-to-market at each reporting date and any unrealized gains or losses are included in AOCI to the extent effective and reclassified to interest expense in the period during which the transaction affects earnings or it becomes probable that the forecasted transaction will not occur. The Company has previously used derivative financial instruments primarily for the purposes of hedging exposures to fluctuations in interest rates. The Company did not utilize derivatives designated as cash flow hedges during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

The balance sheet classification and fair values of the Company’s derivative instruments, which are Level 2 measurements, are as follows:

			Fair Value
		Condensed Consolidated	March 31,		December 31,
		Balance Sheet Location	2020		2019
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
	Interest rate swaps	Other non-current liabilities	$	5,586	$	415
			$	5,586	$	415

The following table presents the net unrealized loss deferred to AOCI:

			March 31,		December 31,
			2020		2019
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
	Interest rate swaps	AOCI	$	4,301	$	320
			$	4,301	$	320

The following table presents the net gain reclassified from AOCI to earnings:

		Three Months Ended
		March 31,
		2020		2019
Amount and location of income reclassified from
AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)	Interest expense, net	$	19	$	—

Interest rate swaps are entered into with a limited number of counterparties, each of which allows for net settlement of all contracts through a single payment in a single currency in the event of a default on or termination of any one contract. As such, in accordance with the Company’s accounting policy, these derivative instruments are recorded on a net basis by counterparty within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Note 19 – Commitments and Contingencies

The Company previously disclosed in its 2019 Form 10-K that AC Products, Inc. (“ACP”), a wholly owned subsidiary, has been operating a groundwater treatment system to hydraulically contain groundwater contamination emanating from ACP’s site, the principal contaminant of which is perchloroethylene. As of March 31, 2020, ACP believes it is close to meeting the conditions for closure of the groundwater treatment system, but continues to operate this system while in discussions with the relevant authorities. As of March 31, 2020, the Company believes that the range of potential-known liabilities associated with the balance of the ACP water remediation program is approximately $0.1 million to $1.0 million. The low and high ends of the range are based on the length of operation of the treatment system as determined by groundwater modeling. Costs of operation include the operation and maintenance of the extraction well, groundwater monitoring and program management.

The Company previously disclosed in its 2019 Form 10-K that an inactive subsidiary of the Company that was acquired in 1978 sold certain products containing asbestos, primarily on an installed basis, and is among the defendants in numerous lawsuits alleging injury due to exposure to asbestos. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, there have been no significant changes to the facts or circumstances of this previously disclosed matter, aside from on-going claims and routine payments associated with this litigation. Based on a continued analysis of the existing and anticipated future claims against this subsidiary, it is currently projected that the subsidiary’s total liability over the next 50 years for these claims is approximately $0.5 million (excluding costs of defense).

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Continued

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

The Company previously disclosed in its 2019 Form 10-K that as a result of the closing of the Combination, the Company is now party to Houghton environmental matters related to certain domestic and foreign properties currently or previously owned. These environmental matters primarily require the Company to perform long-term monitoring as well as operating and maintenance at each of the applicable sites. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, there have been no significant changes to the facts or circumstances of these previously disclosed matters, aside from on-going monitoring and maintenance activities and routine payments associated with each of the sites. The Company continually evaluates its obligations related to such matters, and based on historical costs incurred and projected costs to be incurred over the next 28 years, has estimated the present value range of costs for all of the Houghton environmental matters, on a discounted basis, to be between approximately $5 million and $6 million as of March 31, 2020, for which $5.9 million was accrued within other accrued liabilities and other non-current liabilities on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2020. Comparatively, as of December 31, 2019, the Company had $6.6 million accrued for with respect to these matters.

The Company believes, although there can be no assurance regarding the outcome of other unrelated environmental matters, that it has made adequate accruals for costs associated with other environmental problems of which it is aware. Approximately $0.1 million and $0.2 million were accrued as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, to provide for such anticipated future environmental assessments and remediation costs.

The Company is party to other litigation which management currently believes will not have a material ~~weakness~~adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows or financial condition. In addition, the Company has an immaterial amount of contractual purchase obligations.

Note 20 – COVID-19 Global Pandemic

Beginning in ~~our~~early 2020, there has been an outbreak of COVID-19, initially in China and which has spread globally, including generally all locations where the Company does business. In March 2020, the World Health Organization formally identified the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. In an effort to halt the outbreak of COVID-19, the governments of impacted countries, including but not limited to the United States, the European Union, and China, have placed significant restrictions on travel within their respective borders, leading to extended business closures in some instances.This outbreak and associated travel restrictions and business closures or temporary shutdowns have had a significant disruption on the operations of the Company and its suppliers and customers. The Company has experienced disruptions as a result of COVID-19, including volume declines and lower net sales first at its China subsidiaries and subsequently, particularly beginning in the second half of March, throughout the rest of the business due to the global economic slowdown brought on by COVID-19. Management continues to monitor the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic is having on the Company, the overall specialty chemical industry, and the economies in which the Company operates. The Company anticipates that its future results of operations, including the results for the remainder of 2020 and particularly for the second quarter of 2020, will be significantly adversely impacted by COVID-19. Further, management continues to evaluate how COVID-19-related circumstances, such as remote work arrangements, have affected financial reporting processes, internal control over financial reporting, ~~identified subsequent~~and disclosure controls and procedures. At this time, management does not believe that COVID-19 has had a material impact on financial reporting processes, internal controls over financial reporting, and disclosure controls and procedures.

The full extent of the COVID-19 pandemic related business and travel restrictions and changes to business and consumer behavior intended to reduce its spread are uncertain as of the date of this Report as COVID-19 and the responses of governmental authorities continue to rapidly evolve globally. The Company cannot reasonably estimate the magnitude of the effects these conditions will have on the Company’s operations as they are subject to significant uncertainties relating to the ultimate geographic spread of the virus, the incidence and severity of the disease, the duration of the outbreak, the length of the travel restrictions and business closures imposed by governments of impacted countries, and the economic response by governments of impacted countries. The Company expects that there will be volume declines and lower net sales in the second quarter compared to the first quarter and prior year. A prolonged outbreak and continued restrictions on day-to-day life would likely result in volume declines and lower net sales for later periods in 2020 as well, when compared to the prior year. To the extent that the Company’s customers and suppliers continue to be significantly and adversely impacted by COVID-19, this could reduce the availability, or result in delays, of materials or supplies to or from the Company, which in turn could significantly interrupt the Company’s business operations. Such impacts could grow and become more significant to the Company’s operations and the Company’s liquidity or financial position. Therefore, given the speed and frequency of continuously evolving developments with respect to this pandemic, the Company cannot reasonably estimate the magnitude or the full extent to which COVID-19 may impact the Company’s results of operations, liquidity or financial position.

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

As used in this Report, the terms “Quaker Houghton”, the “Company”, “we” and “our” refer to Quaker Chemical Corporation (doing business as Quaker Houghton), its subsidiaries, and associated companies, unless the context otherwise requires. As used in this Report, the term Legacy Quaker refers to the Company prior to the closing of its combination with Houghton International, Inc. (“Houghton”) (herein referred to as the “Combination”) on August 1, 2019. Throughout the Report, all figures presented, unless otherwise stated, reflect the results of operations of the combined company for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and Legacy Quaker for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Executive Summary

Quaker Houghton is a global leader in industrial process fluids. With a presence around the world, including operations in over 25 countries, our customers include thousands of the world’s most advanced and specialized steel, aluminum, automotive, aerospace, offshore, can, mining, and metalworking companies. Our high-performing, innovative and sustainable solutions are backed by best-in-class technology, deep process knowledge, and customized services. Quaker Houghton is headquartered in Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, located near Philadelphia in the United States.

The first quarter of 2020 performance was consistent with the Company’s expectations given the full quarter impact in China related to COVID-19, the full quarter impact of Boeing temporarily stopping production of the 737 Max airplane, negative impacts from foreign currency translation and the broader global economic slowdown related to COVID-19 that began in the second half of March. Specifically, net sales of $378.6 million in the first quarter of 2020 increased 79% compared to $211.2 million in the first quarter of 2019, due primarily to the inclusion of $190.3 million of Houghton and Norman Hay plc (“Norman Hay”) net sales. Excluding Houghton and Norman Hay net sales, the Company’s net sales would have decreased 11% quarter-over-quarter, primarily due to a decrease in sales volumes of 5%, a negative impact from foreign exchange of 3% and a decline from price and product mix of 3%. The Company’s gross profit and selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) also increased due to the inclusion of Houghton and Norman Hay quarter-over-quarter, but both were also impacted by foreign exchange and the realization of cost savings associated with the Combination as well as the impact of lower SG&A due to the sales decline and further cost saving measures put in place to help offset the impacts of COVID-19.

The Company reported a first quarter of 2020 net loss of $28.4 million or $1.60 per diluted share compared to the first quarter of 2019 net income of $13.8 million or $1.03 per diluted share. The first quarter of 2020 net loss as reported was primarily due to a current quarter non-cash impairment charge of $38.0 million for certain indefinite-lived intangible assets and a $22.7 million non-cash settlement charge related to the termination of a legacy Quaker U.S. defined benefit pension plan. Excluding these non-recurring items in the current quarter and costs associated with the Combination as well as all other non-core items in each period, the Company’s non-GAAP earnings per diluted share were $1.38 in the first quarter of 2020 compared to $1.41 in the prior year first quarter. Prior year earnings per share do not reflect the additional 4.3 million shares issued as part of the consideration for the Combination. The Company’s adjusted EBITDA increased to $60.5 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to $29.6 million in the prior year quarter largely due to the Combination, the inclusion of Norman Hay and the benefits of cost savings realized from the Combination. See the Non-GAAP Measures section of this Item below, as well as other items discussed in the Company’s Consolidated Operations Review in the Operations section of this Item, below.

During the third quarter of 2019 and in connection with the Combination, the Company established a new reportable segment structure that consists of four segments: (i) Americas; (ii) Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”); (iii) Asia/Pacific; and (iv) Global Specialty Businesses. The Company’s first quarter 2020 operating performance by reportable segment reflected the positive impact of three months of Houghton’s performance in all of its segments and three months of Norman Hay in its Global Specialty Businesses segment. Without the inclusion of Houghton and Norman Hay, net sales would have been lower in all segments compared to the prior year, primarily driven by declines in volume due to the negative impacts of COVID-19 on the Company’s end markets and negative foreign currency translation in all segments due to a strong US dollar. As reported, segment operating earnings were higher in all segments compared to 2019, which also reflects the inclusion of Houghton and Norman Hay net sales and gross profit, partially offset by higher SG&A as a result of the Combination and Norman Hay acquisition. Additional details of each segment’s operating performance are further discussed in the Company’s Reportable Segments Review, in the Operations section of this Item, below.

The Company had net operating cash flow of $20.2 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to less than $0.1 million in the first quarter of 2019. The increase in net operating cash flow quarter-over-quarter was driven by the inclusion of Houghton and Norman Hay earnings, partially offset by higher cash outflows due to working capital changes in the current year. The key drivers of the Company’s operating cash flow and working capital are further discussed in the Company’s Liquidity and Capital Resources section of this Item, below.

Overall, the Company’s first quarter results were generally consistent with its expectations as the Company saw volume declines in China due to COVID-19, certain domestic volume weakness due to the temporary production stoppage of Boeing’s 737 Max and COVID-19 impacts that largely started in the second half of March. Despite these impacts and other macroeconomic headwinds, including a stronger U.S. dollar, the Company had good first quarter results, driven by estimated share gains, continued progress with

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

the integration of Houghton and associated cost synergies, cost savings measures put in place due to COVID-19 and the benefit of Norman Hay. The Company now expects to realize Combination cost synergies on a pro forma combined company basis of $53 million in 2020, $65 million in 2021 and $75 million in 2022, which are increases from the Company’s previous expectations of $35 million, $50 million, and $60 million, respectively.

The current global economy and impacts due to COVID-19 pose a challenging situation, but the Company expects to successfully exit this downturn as the Company has demonstrated the ability in the past to respond quickly to changing market conditions and expects to maintain sufficient liquidity even in difficult economic times. The Company expects that its increased integration synergies, additional cost savings actions, continuing to take share in the marketplace and improvement in gross margins will continue to help the Company during these challenging times, and coupled with the benefit of a projected gradual rebound in demand in its end markets will help drive significant adjusted EBITDA growth in 2021 and 2022.

Impact of COVID-19

Beginning in early 2020, there has been an outbreak of COVID-19, initially in China and which has spread globally, including generally all locations where the Company does business. The full extent of the outbreak, related business and travel restrictions and changes to behavior intended to reduce its spread remains uncertain. Therefore, the full extent to which COVID-19 may impact the Company’s results of operations or financial condition is uncertain. This outbreak has had a significant disruption on the operations of the Company and its suppliers and customers. The Company has experienced disruptions as a result of COVID-19, including volume declines and lower net sales as further described in this section, first at its China subsidiaries and subsequently, particularly beginning in the second half of March, throughout the rest of the business due to the global economic slowdown brought on by COVID-19. The Company anticipates that its future results of operations, including the results for the remainder of 2020, particularly for the second quarter of 2020, will be significantly adversely impacted by COVID-19. Management continues to monitor the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic is having on the Company, the overall specialty chemical industry and the economies in which the Company operates.

Given the speed and frequency of the continuously evolving developments with respect to this pandemic, the Company cannot, as of the date of this Report, reasonably estimate the magnitude or the full extent of the impact to its future results of operations or to the ability of it or its customers to resume more normal operations. The Company expects that there will be volume declines and lower net sales in the second quarter compared to the first quarter and prior year. A prolonged outbreak and period of continued restrictions on day-to-day life would likely result in volume declines and lower net sales for later periods in 2020 as well, as compared to the prior year. To the extent that the Company’s customers and suppliers continue to be significantly and adversely impacted by COVID-19, this could reduce the availability, or result in delays, of materials or supplies to or from the Company, which in turn could significantly interrupt the Company’s business operations. Further, management continues to evaluate how COVID-19-related circumstances, such as remote work arrangements, have affected financial reporting processes and systems, internal control over financial reporting, and disclosure controls and procedures. At this time, management does not believe that COVID-19 has had a material impact on financial reporting processes, internal controls over financial reporting, and disclosure controls and procedures. For additional information regarding the potential impact of COVID-19, see Item 1A of Part II of this Report.

The Company’s top priority is, and especially during this pandemic remains, to protect the health and safety of its employees and customers, while working to ensure business continuity to meet customers’ needs:

Our People – The Company has taken steps to protect the health and wellbeing of its people in affected areas through various actions, including enabling work at home where needed and possible, and employing social distancing standards, enhancing onsite hygiene practices, and instituting visitation restrictions at the Company’s facilities.

Our Operations – Currently, all of the Company’s 34 production facilities worldwide are open and operating and are deemed as essential businesses in the jurisdictions where they are operating. The Company believes it has been able to meet the needs of all its customers across the globe despite the current economic challenges.

Our Business Conditions – The Company’s first quarter of 2020 results were consistent with expectations as the Company saw weakness in China due to COVID-19 in the first quarter, with the rest of the Company’s businesses globally impacted by the pandemic beginning in the second half of March. Since then, many customers have reduced production levels, and in some cases, temporarily shut down their facilities. Therefore, the Company currently expects to experience the most severe impact related to COVID-19 in the second quarter of 2020, but then expects a gradual quarterly improvement sequentially throughout the remainder of the year depending on the containment of the virus and its effects. However, it remains highly uncertain as to how long the global pandemic and related economic challenges will last.

Our Actions – The Company has taken actions to conserve cash and reduce costs. Some of the actions taken include eliminating all discretionary expenditures, delaying or freezing salary increases where legally permitted, reducing executives’ salaries, lowering targeted capital expenditures by approximately 30%, and accelerating and fine-tuning the Company’s

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

integration plan. These initiatives have been designed and actioned so that the Company can successfully manage through this challenging situation while continuing to protect the health of its employees, meet customers’ needs, maintain the Company’s long-term competitive advantages and above-market growth, and enable it to continue to effectively integrate with Houghton. While the Company has taken a number of actions to protect our workforce, to continue to serve our customers with excellence and to conserve cash and reduce costs, further actions to respond to the pandemic and its effects may be necessary as conditions continue to evolve.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At March 31, 2020, the Company had cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of $336.0 million, including $19.5 million of restricted cash. Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash was $143.6 million at December 31, 2019, which included $20.0 million of restricted cash. The $192.4 million increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash was the net result of $186.6 million of cash provided by financing activities and $20.2 million of cash provided by operating activities, partially offset by $8.0 million of cash used in investing activities and a $6.4 million negative impact due to the effect of foreign currency translation on cash.

Net cash flows provided by operating activities were $20.2 million in the first three months of 2020 compared to less than $0.1 million in the first three months of 2019. The Company’s current quarter operating cash flow increase was largely due to the inclusion of Houghton and Norman Hay earnings, which were not included in the prior year, partially offset by higher outflows related to working capital in the current quarter. The higher current quarter cash outflows related to working capital were largely driven by inventory stocking to prepare for global impacts from COVID-19, current quarter cash payments related to the Company’s restructuring program, described below, and higher cash payments related to accounts payable and accruals, including annual incentive compensation payouts for the combined company, partially offset by higher cash receipts on accounts receivable due to the decrease in net sales in the current quarter. In addition, the Company had higher cash dividends received from its associated companies quarter-over-quarter, primarily due to $5.0 million received from the Company’s joint venture in Korea.

Net cash flows used in investing activities were $8.0 million in the first three months of 2020 compared to $3.0 million in the first three months of 2019. This increase in cash outflows was driven by higher investments in property, plant and equipment due to the inclusion of Houghton and Norman Hay expenditures as well as higher payments related to acquisitions during the three months ended March 31, 2020. In the current quarter, the Company finalized its post-closing adjustment related to Norman Hay for approximately $3.2 million, whereas the Company had a prior year payment of $0.5 million to finalize the acquisition of certain formulations and product technology in the mining industry.

Net cash flows provided by financing activities were $186.6 million in the first three months of 2020 compared to cash used in financing activities of $30.4 million in the first three months of 2019. The $217.0 million increase in net cash flows was due primarily to additional borrowings of $205.5 million on the Company’s revolving credit facility in the current quarter compared to payments of $24.0 million in the prior year first quarter. As a precautionary measure in response to the current economic uncertainty related to COVID-19, the Company drew down most of the available liquidity on its revolving credit facility during the first quarter of 2020, which drove the large change in borrowings compared to the prior year. This increase in borrowings was partially offset by $9.4 million of scheduled repayments under the Company’s term loan agreement. In addition, the Company paid $6.8 million of cash dividends during the first quarter of 2020, a $1.9 million or 38% increase in cash dividends compared to the prior year, primarily due to approximately 4.3 million shares issued at closing of the Combination, as well as the prior year cash dividend per share increase initiated in May 2019. Finally, during the first three months of 2020, the Company used $1.0 million to purchase the remaining noncontrolling interest in its South Africa affiliate. Prior to this buyout, this South Africa affiliate made a distribution to the prior noncontrolling affiliate shareholder of approximately $0.8 million in the first quarter of 2020. There were no similar noncontrolling interest activities in the first quarter of 2019.

As previously disclosed in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (the “2019 Form 10-K”), on August 1, 2019, the Company completed the Combination, whereby the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Houghton from Gulf Houghton Lubricants, Ltd. in accordance with the Share Purchase Agreement dated April 4, 2017. The final purchase consideration was comprised of: (i) $170.8 million in cash; (ii) the issuance of ~~our Original Filing. This material weakness did not result~~approximately 4.3 million shares of common stock of the Company with par value of $1.00, comprising 24.5% of the common stock of the Company at closing; and (iii) the Company’s refinancing of $702.6 million of Houghton’s indebtedness at closing. Cash acquired in ~~any change~~the Combination was $75.8 million. Prior to ~~our~~the Combination, the Company secured commitments from certain banks for a new credit facility (as amended, the “New Credit Facility”). Concurrent with the closing of the Combination on August 1, 2019, those banks, Bank of America, N.A. as administrative agent, the Company and certain other parties closed on the New Credit Facility, replacing the Company’s previous credit facility. See Note 2 and Note 15 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

As of March 31, 2020, the Company had New Credit Facility borrowings outstanding of $1,115.5 million. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had New Credit Facility borrowings outstanding of $922.4 million. The Company has unused capacity under the Revolver of approximately $15 million, net of bank letters of credit of approximately $8 million, as of March 31, 2020. As mentioned above, the Company drew down most of the available capacity on the Revolver during the first quarter of 2020 as a precautionary

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

measure in response to the current economic uncertainty related to COVID-19. The Company’s other debt obligations are primarily industrial development bonds, bank lines of credit and municipality-related loans, which totaled $12.3 million as of March 31, 2020 and $12.6 million as of December 31, 2019, respectively. Total unused capacity under these arrangements as of March 31, 2020 was approximately $36 million. The Company’s total net debt as of March 31, 2020 was $811.4 million. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all of the New Credit Facility covenants.

The Company now expects to realize Combination cost synergies on a pro forma combined company basis of $53 million in 2020, $65 million in 2021 and $75 million in 2022, which are increases from the Company’s previous expectations of $35 million, $50 million, and $60 million, respectively. The Company estimates that it realized approximately $10 million of cost savings during the first quarter of 2020 on a combined company pro forma basis, increasing its cumulative synergies realized in the eight months since closing of the Combination to approximately $17 million.

The Company expects to incur additional costs and make associated cash payments to integrate Quaker and Houghton and continue realizing the Combinations total anticipated cost synergies. The Company expects cash payments, including those pursuant to the QH Program, described below, but excluding incremental capital expenditures related to the Combination, will generally approximate one-times its total anticipated cost synergies. The Company expects to incur these costs over a three-year period post-close, with a significant portion of these costs incurred or expected to be incurred in 2019 and the current year. The Company incurred $8.3 million of total Combination and other acquisition-related expenses in the first quarter of 2020, including $0.5 million of accelerated depreciation, described in the Non-GAAP measures of this Item below. The Company had aggregate net cash outflows of approximately $8.3 million related to the Combination and other acquisition-related expenses during the first quarter of 2020. Comparatively, during the first quarter of 2019, the Company incurred $5.3 million of total Combination and other acquisition-related expenses, including $0.9 million of ticking fees, described in the Non-GAAP Measures of this Item below, and aggregate net cash outflows related to these costs were $6.4 million.

Quaker Houghton’s management approved, and the Company initiated, a global restructuring plan (the “QH Program”) in the third quarter of 2019 as part of its planned cost synergies associated with the Combination. The QH Program includes restructuring and associated severance costs to reduce total headcount by approximately 325 people globally and plans for the closure of certain manufacturing and non-manufacturing facilities. As a result of the QH Program, the Company recognized $1.7 million of restructuring and related charges in the first quarter of 2020. The exact timing and total costs associated with the QH Program will depend on a number of factors and is subject to change; however, the Company currently expects reduction in headcount and site closures will continue to occur during 2020 and 2021 under the QH Program and estimates that total costs related to the QH Program will approximate one-times the anticipated cost synergies realized under this program. The Company made cash payments related to the settlement of restructuring liabilities under the QH Program during the first quarter of 2020 of approximately $4.9 million.

In the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company began the process of terminating its non-contributory U.S. pension plan (“the Legacy Quaker U.S. Pension Plan”). The Company completed the Legacy Quaker U.S. Pension Plan termination during the first quarter of 2020. In order to terminate the Legacy Quaker U.S. Pension Plan in accordance with I.R.S. and Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation requirements, the Company was required to fully fund the Legacy Quaker U.S. Pension Plan on a termination basis and the amount necessary to do so was approximately $1.8 million, subject to final true up adjustments to be completed over the next several months. In addition, the Company recorded a non-cash pension settlement charge at plan termination of approximately $22.7 million.

As of March 31, 2020, the Company’s gross liability for uncertain tax positions, including interest and penalties, was $24.5 million. The Company cannot determine a reliable estimate of the timing of cash flows by period related to its uncertain tax position liability. However, should the entire liability be paid, the amount of the payment may be reduced by up to $5.3 million as a result of offsetting benefits in other tax jurisdictions.

The Company believes that its existing cash, anticipated cash flows from operations and available additional liquidity will be sufficient to support its operating requirements and fund its business objectives for at least the next twelve months, including but

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

not limited to, payments of dividends to shareholders, costs related to the Combination and integration, pension plan contributions, capital expenditures, other business opportunities and other potential contingencies. The Company’s liquidity is affected by many factors, some based on normal operations of our business and others related to global economic conditions and industry uncertainties, which we cannot predict. We also cannot predict economic conditions and industry downturns or the timing, strength or duration of recoveries. We may seek, as we believe appropriate, additional debt or equity financing which would provide capital for corporate purposes, working capital funding, additional liquidity needs or to fund future growth opportunities, including possible acquisitions and investments. The timing and amount of potential capital requirements cannot be determined at this time and will depend on a number of factors, including our actual and projected demand for our products, specialty chemical industry conditions, competitive factors, and the condition of financial markets, among others.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The Company’s critical accounting policies and estimates, as set forth in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the ~~Original Filing.~~ year ended December 31, 2019, remain materially consistent. However, due to the current impact as well as the volatility and uncertainty in the economic outlook as a result of COVID-19, the Company re-evaluated certain of its estimates, most notably its estimates and assumptions with regards to goodwill and other intangible assets.

Goodwill and other intangible assets: The Company accounts for business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting. This method requires the recording of acquired assets, including separately identifiable intangible assets, at their acquisition date fair values. Any excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. The determination of the estimated fair value of assets acquired requires management’s judgment and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including assumptions with respect to future cash inflows and outflows, discount rates, royalty rates, asset lives and market multiples, among other items. When necessary, the Company consults with external advisors to help determine fair value. For non-observable market values, the Company may determine fair value using acceptable valuation principles, including the excess earnings, relief from royalty, lost profit or cost methods.

The Company amortizes definite-lived intangible assets on a straight-line basis over their useful lives. Goodwill and intangible assets that have indefinite lives are not amortized and are required to be assessed at least annually for impairment. The Company completes its annual goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment test during the fourth quarter of each year. The Company continuously evaluates if triggering events indicate a possible impairment in one or more of its indefinite-lived or long-lived assets.

As of March 31, 2020, the Company evaluated the current impact of COVID-19 on the Company’s operations, as well as the volatility and uncertainty in the economic outlook as a result of COVID-19 to determine if this indicated it was more likely than not that the carrying value of any of the Company’s indefinite-lived or long-lived assets was not recoverable. While the impact of COVID-19 has already had a negative effect on the Company’s operations and is expected to significantly impact the Company’s second quarter and full year 2020 results, in evaluating if a triggering event was present for one or more of the Company indefinite-lived or long-lived assets, the Company also considered the current carrying value and estimated fair value for each asset, as well as the Company’s expected impact from COVID-19 on each specific asset. The Company concluded that the impact of COVID-19 did not represent a triggering event as of March 31, 2020 with regards to the Company’s indefinite-lived and long-lived assets, except for the Company’s Houghton and Fluidcare trademark and tradename indefinite-lived intangible assets.

Given the relatively short period of time between the fair value determination for the acquired Houghton and Fluidcare trademark and tradename indefinite-lived intangible assets as of the closing of the Combination on August 1, 2019, and the 2019 annual impairment testing date of October 1, the Company’s 2019 annual impairment assessment concluded that the $242.0 million carrying value of acquired Houghton and Fluidcare indefinite-lived intangible assets generally approximated fair value, with excess fair value of less than 5%. Because of the previously concluded relatively narrow gap between fair value and carrying value, the Company concluded in the first quarter of 2020 that the expected current year impact from COVID-19 on the Company’s net sales represented a triggering event. As a result of the conclusion, the Company completed an interim quantitative indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment assessment as of March 31, 2020.

The determination of estimated fair value of the Houghton and Fluidcare trademark and tradename indefinite-lived assets was based on a relief from royalty valuation method which requires management’s judgment and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including assumptions with respect to the weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) as well as projected net sales. In completing the interim quantitative impairment assessment, the Company used a WACC assumption of approximately 10% as well as current year forecasted net sales and management’s estimates with respect to future net sales growth rates specific to legacy Houghton’s net sales. As a result of an increase in the WACC assumption as of March 31, 2020, compared to the prior year fourth quarter annual impairment assessment, and the significant current year decline in projected legacy Houghton net sales due to the impact of COVID-19, the Company concluded that the estimated fair values of these intangible assets were less than their carrying values and that an impairment charge to write down their carrying values to their estimated fair values was required. The Company’s estimate of fair value of these assets as of March 31, 2020 was $204.0 million. This resulted in a first quarter of 2020 non-cash impairment charge of $38.0 million for certain indefinite-lived intangible assets.

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

While the Company concluded that the impact of COVID-19 did not represent a triggering event as of March 31, 2020 for its other indefinite-lived and long-lived assets, including its goodwill, the Company will continue to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the Company’s current and projected results in the future. If current economic conditions worsen or projections of the timeline for recovery are significantly extended, then the Company may conclude in the future that the impact from COVID-19 represents a triggering event for one or more of its other indefinite-lived or long-lived assets, including goodwill. This may result in the need to perform further interim quantitative impairment tests and could result in additional impairment charges in the future.

Non-GAAP Measures

The information in this Form 10-Q filing includes non-GAAP (unaudited) financial information that includes EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA margin, non-GAAP operating income, non-GAAP operating margin, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP earnings per diluted share. The Company believes these non-GAAP financial measures provide meaningful supplemental information as they enhance a reader’s understanding of the financial performance of the Company, are indicative of future operating performance of the Company, and facilitate a comparison among fiscal periods, as the non-GAAP financial measures exclude items that are not considered indicative of future operating performance or not considered core to the Company’s operations. Non-GAAP results are presented for supplemental informational purposes only and should not be considered a substitute for the financial information presented in accordance with GAAP.

The Company presents EBITDA which is calculated as net (loss) income attributable to the Company before depreciation and amortization, interest expense, net, and taxes on income before equity in net income of associated companies. The Company also presents adjusted EBITDA which is calculated as EBITDA plus or minus certain items that are not considered indicative of future operating performance or not considered core to the Company’s operations. In addition, the Company presents non-GAAP operating income which is calculated as operating (loss) income plus or minus certain items that are not considered indicative of future operating performance or not considered core to the Company’s operations. Adjusted EBITDA margin and non-GAAP operating margin are calculated as the percentage of adjusted EBITDA and non-GAAP operating income to consolidated net sales, respectively. The Company believes these non-GAAP measures provide transparent and useful information and are widely used by analysts, investors, and competitors in our industry as well as by management in assessing the operating performance of the Company on a consistent basis.

Additionally, the Company presents non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP earnings per diluted share as additional performance measures. Non-GAAP net income is calculated as adjusted EBITDA, defined above, less depreciation and amortization – adjusted, interest expense, net - adjusted, and taxes on income before equity in net income of associated companies - adjusted, as applicable, for any depreciation, amortization, interest or tax impacts resulting from the non-core items identified in the reconciliation of net income attributable to the Company to adjusted EBITDA. Non-GAAP earnings per diluted share is calculated as non-GAAP net income per diluted share as accounted for under the “two-class share method.” The Company believes that non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP earnings per diluted share provide transparent and useful information and are widely used by analysts, investors, and competitors in our industry as well as by management in assessing the operating performance of the Company on a consistent basis.

The following tables reconcile the Company’s non-GAAP financial measures (unaudited) to their most directly comparable GAAP (unaudited) financial measures (dollars in thousands unless otherwise noted except per share amounts):

Non-GAAP Operating Income and Margin Reconciliations	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
		2020		2019
Operating (loss) income	$	(12,444)	$	19,829
Houghton combination and other acquisition-related expenses (a)		8,276		4,483
Restructuring and related charges (b)		1,716		-
Customer bankruptcy costs (c)		463		-
Indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment (d)		38,000		-
Non-GAAP operating income	$	36,011	$	24,312
Non-GAAP operating margin (%) (j)		9.5%		11.5%

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA Margin and
Non-GAAP Net Income Reconciliations	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
		2020		2019
Net (loss) income attributable to Quaker Chemical Corporation	$	(28,381)	$	13,844
Depreciation and amortization (a) (i)		21,584		4,859
Interest expense, net (a)		8,461		776
Taxes on (loss) income before equity in net income of associated companies		(13,070)		4,929
EBITDA	$	(11,406)	$	24,408
Equity loss (income) in a captive insurance company (e)		327		(346)
Houghton combination and other acquisition-related expenses (a)		7,803		4,483
Restructuring and related charges (b)		1,716		—
Customer bankruptcy costs (c)		463		—
Indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment (d)		38,000		—
Pension and postretirement benefit costs, non-service components (f)		23,525		896
Currency conversion impacts of hyper-inflationary economies (g)		51		194
Adjusted EBITDA	$	60,479	$	29,635
Adjusted EBITDA margin (%) (j)		16.0%		14.0%

Adjusted EBITDA	$	60,479	$	29,635
Less: Depreciation and amortization - adjusted (a)		21,111		4,859
Less: Interest expense, net - adjusted (a)		8,461		(86)
Less: Taxes on (loss) income before equity in net income of associated companies - adjusted (k)		6,463		6,040
Non-GAAP net income	$	24,444	$	18,822


Non-GAAP Earnings per Diluted Share Reconciliations	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
		2020		2019
GAAP (loss) earnings per diluted share attributable to Quaker Chemical Corporation
common shareholders	$	(1.60)	$	1.03
Equity loss (income) in a captive insurance company per diluted share (e)		0.02		(0.03)
Houghton combination and other acquisition-related expenses per diluted share (a)		0.36		0.35
Restructuring and related charges per diluted share (b)		0.07		-
Customer bankruptcy costs per diluted share (c)		0.02		-
Indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment per diluted share (d)		1.65		-
Pension and postretirement benefit costs, non-service components per diluted share (f)		0.88		0.05
Currency conversion impacts of hyper-inflationary economies per diluted share (h)		0.00		0.01
Impact of certain discrete tax items per diluted share (h)		(0.02)		-
Non-GAAP earnings per diluted share (l)	$	1.38	$	1.41

(a)Houghton combination and other acquisition-related expenses include certain legal, financial, and other advisory and consultant costs incurred in connection with due diligence, regulatory approvals, integration planning, as well as certain one-time labor costs associated with the Company’s acquisition-related activities. These costs are not indicative of the future operating performance of the Company. Approximately $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 of these pre-tax costs were considered non-deductible for the purpose of determining the Company’s effective tax rate, and, therefore, taxes on income before equity in net income of associated companies - adjusted reflects the impact of these items. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recorded $0.5 million of accelerated depreciation related to certain of the Company’s facilities, which is included in the caption “Houghton combination and other acquisition-related expenses” in the reconciliation of operating income to non-GAAP operating income and included in the caption “Depreciation and amortization” in the reconciliation of net income attributable to the Company to EBITDA, but excluded from the caption “Depreciation and amortization – adjusted” in the reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to non-GAAP net income attributable to the Company.During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company incurred $0.9 million of ticking fees to maintain the bank commitment related to the Combination. These interest costs are included in the caption “Interest expense, net” in the reconciliation of net income attributable to the Company to EBITDA, but are excluded from the caption “Interest expense, net – adjusted” in the reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to non-GAAP

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

net income attributable to the Company. See Note 2 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, which appears in Item 1 of this Report.

(b)Restructuring and related charges represents the costs incurred by the Company associated with the QH restructuring program which was initiated in the third quarter of 2019 as part of the Company’s plan to realize cost synergies associated with the Combination. These costs are not indicative of the future operating performance of the Company. See Note 7 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, which appears in Item 1 of this Report.

(c)Customer bankruptcy costs represent the costs associated with a specific reserve for trade accounts receivable related to a customer who filed for bankruptcy protection. These expenses are not indicative of the future operating performance of the Company.

(d)Indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment represents the non-cash charge taken to write down the value of certain indefinite-lived intangible assets associated with the Houghton Combination. The Company has no prior history of goodwill or intangible asset impairments and this charge is not indicative of the future operating performance of the Company. See Note 14 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, which appears in Item 1 of this Report.

(e)Equity loss (income) in a captive insurance company represents the after-tax (income) loss attributable to the Company’s interest in Primex, Ltd. (“Primex”), a captive insurance company. The Company holds a 33% investment in and has significant influence over Primex, and therefore accounts for this interest under the equity method of accounting. The income attributable to Primex is not indicative of the future operating performance of the Company and is not considered core to the Company’s operations.

(f)Pension and postretirement benefit costs, non-service components represent the pre-tax, non-service component of the Company’s pension and postretirement net periodic benefit cost in each period. These costs are not indicative of the future operating performance of the Company. The amount in the three months ended March 31, 2020 includes the $22.7 million settlement charge for the Company’s termination of the Legacy Quaker U.S. Pension Plan. See Note 9 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, which appears in Item 1 of this Report.

(g)Currency conversion impacts of hyper-inflationary economies represents the foreign currency remeasurement impacts associated with the Company’s affiliates whose local economies are designated as hyper-inflationary under U.S. GAAP. During both the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company incurred non-deductible, pre-tax charges related to the Company’s Argentine affiliates. The charges incurred related to the immediate recognition of foreign currency remeasurement in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations associated with these entities are not indicative of the future operating performance of the Company. See Note 1 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, which appears in Item 1 of this Report.

(h)The impact of certain discrete tax items includes the impact of changes in certain valuation allowances recorded on certain of the Company’s foreign tax credits, changes in withholding rates and the associated impact on previously accrued for distributions at certain of the Company’s Asia/Pacific subsidiaries as well as the offsetting impact and amortization of a deferred tax benefit the Company recorded in the fourth quarter of 2019 related to an intercompany intangible asset transfer.

(i)Depreciation and amortization for the three months ended March 31, 2020 included $0.4 million of amortization expense recorded within equity in net income of associated companies in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations, which is attributable to the amortization of the fair value step up for the Company’s 50% interest in a Houghton joint venture in Korea as a result of required purchase accounting.

(j)The Company calculates adjusted EBITDA margin and non-GAAP operating margin as the percentage of adjusted EBITDA and non-GAAP operating income to consolidated net sales.

(k)Taxes on income before equity in net income of associated companies – adjusted presents the impact of any current and deferred income tax expense (benefit), as applicable, of the reconciling items presented in the reconciliation of net income attributable to Quaker Chemical Corporation to adjusted EBITDA, and was determined utilizing the applicable rates in the taxing jurisdictions in which these adjustments occurred, subject to deductibility. Houghton combination and other acquisition-related expenses described in (a) resulted in incremental taxes of $2.0 million and $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Restructuring and related charges described in (b) resulted in incremental taxes of $0.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020. Customer bankruptcy costs described in (c) resulted in incremental taxes of $0.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020. Indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment described in (d) resulted in incremental taxes of $8.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020. Pension and postretirement benefit costs, non-service components described in (f) resulted in incremental taxes of $7.9 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Tax impact of certain discrete items described in (h) above resulted in a tax benefit of $0.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

(l)The Company calculates non-GAAP earnings per diluted share as non-GAAP net income attributable to the Company per weighted average diluted shares outstanding using the “two-class share method” to calculate such in each given period.

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company had no material off-balance sheet items, as defined under Item 303(a)(4) of Regulation S-K as of March 31, 2020. The Company’s only off-balance sheet items outstanding as of March 31, 2020 represented approximately $14 million of total bank letters of credit and guarantees. The bank letters of credit and guarantees are not significant to the Company’s liquidity or capital resources. See Note 15 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of this Report.

Operations

Consolidated Operations Review – Comparison of the First Quarter of 2020 with the First Quarter of 2019

Net sales were $378.6 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to $211.2 million in the first quarter of 2019. The net sales increase of 79% quarter-over-quarter includes Houghton and Norman net sales of $190.3 million. Excluding Houghton and Norman Hay net sales, the Company’s current quarter net sales would have declined 11%, which reflects a decrease in sales volumes of 5%, a negative impact from foreign currency translation of 3% and a decline in selling price and product mix of 3%. The largest drivers of the volume decline in the current quarter were the negative impact of COVID-19, most notably on lower volumes in the Company’s Asia/Pacific reportable segment, as well as a decrease in volume driven by ~~Rule 12b-15~~Boeing’s decision to temporarily stop production of the 737 Max aircraft.

Cost of goods sold (“COGS”) were $244.7 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to $135.4 million in the first quarter of 2019. The increase in COGS of 81% was primarily due to the inclusion of Houghton and Norman Hay sales and associated COGS, as well as $0.5 million of accelerated depreciation charges described in the Non-GAAP Measures section of this Item above, partially offset by lower COGS on the decline in legacy Quaker net sales, described above.

Gross profit in the first quarter of 2020 increased $58.1 million or 77% from the first quarter of 2019, due primarily to the Houghton and Norman Hay net sales, noted above. The Company’s reported gross margin in the first quarter of 2020 was 35.4% compared to 35.9% in the first quarter of 2019. The decrease in gross margin quarter-over-quarter was the result of price and product mix largely due to lower gross margins in the legacy Houghton business, partially offset by certain COGS decreases as a result of the Company’s progress on initial Combination-related logistics and procurement cost savings initiatives.

SG&A in the first quarter of 2020 increased $47.2 million compared to the first quarter of 2019 due primarily to additional SG&A from Houghton and Norman Hay and $0.5 million of customer bankruptcy costs described in the Non-GAAP Measures section of this Item, above, partially offset by lower SG&A due to foreign currency translation, the impact of the sales decline, noted above, on direct selling costs, the impact of lower SG&A due to cost savings measures implemented in reaction to the impact of COVID-19 and the benefits of realized cost synergies associated with the Combination.

During the first quarter of 2020, the Company incurred $7.9 million of Combination and other acquisition-related expenses, primarily for legal, financial and other advisory and consultant expenses for integration activities. Comparatively, the Company incurred $4.5 million of expenses in the prior year first quarter, primarily due to various professional fees related to integration planning and regulatory approvals. See the Non-GAAP Measures section of this Item, above.

The Company initiated a restructuring program during the third quarter of 2019 as part of its global plan to realize cost synergies associated with the Combination. The Company expects reductions in headcount and site closures to continue to occur during 2020 and 2021 under this program. The Company recorded additional restructuring and related charges of $1.7 million related to this program during the first quarter of 2020 and there were no similar restructuring charges recorded during the first quarter of 2019. See the Non-GAAP Measures section of this Item, above.

During the first quarter of 2020, the Company recorded a $38.0 million non-cash impairment charge related to certain acquired Houghton trademarks and tradenames, which was primarily the result of the current year negative impacts of COVID-19 on their estimated fair values. See the Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates section of this Item, above.

Operating loss in the first quarter of 2020 was $12.4 million compared to operating income of $19.8 million in the first quarter of 2019. Excluding the Combination and other acquisition-related charges, restructuring and related charges, the indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment charge, and other expenses that are not indicative of the future operating performance of the Company described in the Non-GAAP Measures section of this Item, above, the Company’s current quarter non-GAAP operating income increased to $36.0 million compared to $24.3 million in the prior year first quarter, primarily due to additional net sales and operating income from Houghton and Norman Hay.

The Company had other expense, net, of $21.2 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to $0.6 million in the first quarter of 2019. The quarter-over-quarter change was primarily due to the first quarter of 2020 pension plan settlement charge associated with the termination of the Legacy Quaker U.S. Pension Plan. Partially offsetting this pension settlement charge were foreign currency transaction gains of $0.8 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to foreign currency transaction losses of $0.2 million in the first quarter of 2019, as well as an increase in receipts of local municipality-related grants primarily in the Company’s Asia/Pacific region quarter-over-quarter.

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Interest expense, net, increased $7.7 million compared to the first quarter of 2019, as a result of additional borrowings under the Company’s New Credit Facility to finance the closing of the Combination on August 1, 2019.

The Company’s effective tax rates for the first quarters of 2020 and 2019 were a benefit of 31.1% and expense of 26.8%, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was impacted by the tax effect of certain one-time pre-tax losses as well as certain tax charges and benefits in the current period including those related to changes in foreign tax credit valuation allowances, tax law changes in a foreign jurisdiction, and the tax impact of the Company’s termination of its Legacy Quaker U.S. Pension Plan. Comparatively, the prior year first quarter effective tax rate was impacted by certain non-deductible costs associated with the Combination. Excluding the impact of these items as well as all other non-core items in each quarter, described in the Non-GAAP Measures section of this Item, above, the Company estimates that its effective tax rates for the first quarter of 2020 and 2019 would have been approximately 22% and 24%, respectively. This quarter-over-quarter decrease was largely driven by a larger positive impact from changes in uncertain tax positions in the current quarter as compared to the prior year. The Company expects continued volatility in its effective tax rates due to several factors, including the timing of tax audits and the expiration of applicable statutes of limitations as they relate to uncertain tax positions, the unpredictability of the timing and amount of certain incentives in various tax jurisdictions, the treatment of certain acquisition-related costs and the timing and amount of certain share-based compensation-related tax benefits, among other factors.

Equity in net income of associated companies increased $0.3 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to earnings from the Company’s 50% interest in its joint venture in Korea that was acquired in the Combination, partially offset by a current quarter loss compared to prior year first quarter income from the Company’s interest in a captive insurance company. See the Non-GAAP Measures section of this Item, above.

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest was relatively consistent in both the first quarters of 2020 and 2019.

Foreign exchange positively impacted the Company’s first quarter of 2020 earnings by less than 1% as the current quarter foreign exchange transaction gains compared to prior year foreign exchange transaction losses were partially offset by the negative impact from foreign currency translation of approximately 2% due to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar in the current quarter.

Reportable Segments Review - Comparison of the First Quarter of 2020 with the First Quarter of 2019

The Company’s reportable segments reflect the structure of the Company’s internal organization, the method by which the Company’s resources are allocated and the manner by which the chief operating decision maker of the Company assesses its performance. During the third quarter of 2019 and in connection with the Combination, the Company reorganized its executive management team to align with its new business structure which reflects the method by which the Company assesses its performance and allocates its resources. The Company’s current reportable segment structure includes four segments: (i) Americas; (ii) EMEA; (iii) Asia/Pacific; and (iv) Global Specialty Businesses. The three geographic segments are composed of the net sales and operations in each respective region, excluding net sales and operations managed globally by the Global Specialty Businesses segment, which includes the Company’s container, metal finishing, mining, offshore, specialty coatings, specialty grease and Norman Hay businesses.

Segment operating earnings for the Company’s reportable segments are comprised of net sales less COGS and SG&A directly related to the respective segment’s product sales. Operating expenses not directly attributable to the net sales of each respective segment are not included in segment operating earnings, such as certain corporate and administrative costs, Combination and other acquisition-related expenses, and Restructuring and related charges. Other items not specifically identified with the Company’s reportable segments include interest expense, net and other expense, net.

Americas

Americas represented approximately 34% of the Company’s consolidated net sales in the first quarter of 2020. The segment’s net sales were $129.9 million, an increase of $57.7 million or 80% compared to the first quarter of 2019. The increase in net sales reflects the inclusion of Houghton net sales of $62.8 million. Excluding Houghton net sales, the segment’s net sales decrease quarter-over-quarter of 7% was due to lower volumes of 4% and a negative impact of foreign currency translation of 3%. The current quarter volume decline was driven by the economic slowdown that began in late March due to the impacts of COVID-19. The foreign exchange impact was primarily due to the weakening of the Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar, as this exchange rate averaged 4.43 in the first quarter of 2020 compared to 3.77 in the first quarter of 2019. This segment’s operating earnings were $29.2 million, an increase of $14.8 million or 104% compared to the first quarter of 2019. The increase in segment operating earnings reflects the inclusion of Houghton net sales, as well as a slightly higher gross margin, partially offset by higher SG&A, including Houghton SG&A.

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

EMEA

EMEA represented approximately 28% of the Company’s consolidated net sales in the first quarter of 2020. The segment’s net sales were $104.8 million, an increase of $52.4 million or 100% compared to the first quarter of 2019. The increase in net sales reflects the inclusion of Houghton net sales of $57.9 million. Excluding Houghton net sales, the segment’s net sales decrease quarter-over-quarter of 10% was due to lower volumes of 6%, a negative impact of foreign currency translation of 3%, and a decrease from selling price and product mix of 1%. The current quarter volume decline was driven by the economic slowdown that began in late March due to the impacts of COVID-19 and an overall reduced production in certain EMEA countries that began in the second half of 2019 and continued into the first quarter of 2020. The foreign exchange impact was primarily due to the weakening of the euro against the U.S. dollar as this exchange rate averaged 1.10 in the first quarter of 2020 compared to 1.14 in the first quarter of 2019. This segment’s operating earnings were $18.4 million, an increase of $9.6 million or 109% compared to the first quarter of 2019. The increase in segment operating earnings reflects the inclusion of Houghton net sales, and relatively consistent gross margins, partially offset by higher SG&A, including Houghton SG&A.

Asia/Pacific

Asia/Pacific represented approximately 19% of the Company’s consolidated net sales in the first quarter of 2020. The segment’s net sales were $73.6 million, an increase of $27.4 million or 59% compared to the first quarter of 2019. The increase in net sales reflects the inclusion of Houghton net sales of $33.7 million. Excluding Houghton net sales, the segment’s net sales decrease of 14% quarter-over-quarter was driven by lower volumes of 10%, a negative impact of foreign currency translation of approximately 3% and decreases in selling price and product mix of 1%. The decline in volume was primarily due to the negative impact of COVID-19 within the region, notably in China during the first quarter of 2020. The foreign exchange impact was primarily due to the weakening of the Chinese renminbi against the U.S. dollar as this exchange rate averaged 6.98 in the first quarter of 2020 compared to 6.75 in the first quarter of 2019. This segment’s operating earnings were $19.5 million, an increase of $6.7 million or 53% compared to the first quarter of 2019. The increase in segment operating earnings reflects the inclusion of Houghton net sales, partially offset by a lower gross margin due to price and product mix, including lower Houghton gross margin compared to Legacy Quaker and higher SG&A, including Houghton SG&A.

Global Specialty Businesses

Global Specialty Businesses represented approximately 19% of the Company’s consolidated net sales in the first quarter of 2020. The segment’s net sales were $70.3 million, an increase of $29.9 million or 74% compared to the first quarter of 2019. The increase in net sales reflects the inclusion of Houghton and Norman Hay net sales of $35.9 million. Excluding Houghton and Norman Hay net sales, the segment’s net sales would have decreased 15% quarter-over-quarter driven by declines from selling price and product mix of 19% and a negative impact from foreign currency translation of 2%, partially offset by higher volumes of 6%. Both the changes in selling price and product mix and volume were primarily driven by higher shipments of a lower priced product in the Company’s mining business compared to the prior year. Partially offsetting this specific mining business volume increase was a decrease in volume in the Company’s specialty coatings business driven by Boeing’s decision to temporarily stop production of the 737 Max aircraft and initial volume declines due to the economic slowdown that began in late March due to the impacts of COVID-19. The foreign exchange impact was primarily due to the weakening of the Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar described in the Americas section, above. This segment’s operating earnings were $20.6 million, an increase of $10.0 million or 94% compared to the first quarter of 2019. The increase in segment operating earnings reflects the inclusion of Houghton and Norman Hay net sales, as well as slightly higher gross margin due to price and product mix, including higher Houghton and Norman Hay gross margin compared to Legacy Quaker, partially offset by higher SG&A, including Houghton and Norman Hay.

Factors That May Affect Our Future Results

(Cautionary Statements Under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995)

Certain information included in this Report and other materials filed or to be filed by Quaker Chemical Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) (as well as information included in oral statements or other written statements made or to be made by us) contain or may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as ~~amended, new certifications~~amended. These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. We have based these forward-looking statements, including statements regarding the potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s ~~Chief Executive Officer~~business, results of operations, or financial condition and ~~Chief Financial Officer are being filed herewith as exhibits~~our expectation to ~~this Amended Filing (Exhibit 31.1~~remain compliant with the terms of the Company’s credit facility on our current expectations about future events.

Quaker Chemical Corporation

Management’s Discussion and ~~Exhibit 31.2). Because no~~Analysis

These forward-looking statements include statements with respect to our beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, anticipations, intentions, financial condition, results of operations, future performance, and business, including:

Such statements include information relating to current and future business activities, operational matters, capital spending, and financing sources. From time to time, forward-looking statements are ~~contained within~~also included in the Company’s other periodic reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K, press releases, and other materials released to, or statements made to, the public.

Any or all of the forward-looking statements in this ~~Amended Filing, paragraph 3~~Report, in the Company’s Annual Report to Shareholders for 2019 and in any other public statements we make may turn out to be wrong. This can occur as a result of ~~such certifications has been omitted.~~inaccurate assumptions or as a consequence of known or unknown risks and uncertainties. Many factors discussed in this Report will be important in determining our future performance. Consequently, actual results may differ materially from those that might be anticipated from our forward-looking statements.

~~Other than the inclusion within this Amended Filing~~We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new ~~certifications required by management (and~~information, future events or otherwise. However, any further disclosures made on related ~~amendment~~subjects in the Company’s subsequent reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q, 8-K and other related filings should be consulted. A major risk is that demand for the Company’s products and services is largely derived from the demand for our customers’ products, which subjects the Company to uncertainties related to downturns in a customer’s business and unanticipated customer production shutdowns. Other major risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the ~~exhibit index to reflect the addition of such certifications), this Amended Filing speaks only as~~primary and secondary impacts of the ~~date~~COVID-19 pandemic, including actions taken in response to the pandemic by various governments, which could exacerbate some or all of the ~~Original Filing~~other risks and ~~does~~uncertainties faced by the Company, including the potential for significant increases in raw material costs, customer financial stability, worldwide economic and political conditions, foreign currency fluctuations, significant changes in applicable tax rates and regulations, future terrorist attacks and other acts of violence. Furthermore, the Company is subject to the same business cycles as those experienced by steel, automobile, aircraft, industrial equipment, and durable goods manufacturers. The ultimate significance of COVID-19 on our business will depend on, among other things, the extent and duration of the pandemic, the severity of the disease and the number of people infected with the virus, the effects on the economy by the pandemic, including the resulting market volatility, and by the measures taken by governmental authorities and other third parties restricting day-to-day life and the length of time that such measures remain in place, and governmental programs implemented to assist businesses impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Other factors could also adversely affect us, including those related to the Combination and other acquisitions and the integration of the combined company as well as other acquired businesses. Our forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions about the Company and its operations that are subject to change based on various important factors, some of which are beyond our control. These risks, uncertainties, and possible inaccurate assumptions relevant to our business could cause our actual results to differ materially from expected and historical results.

Therefore, we caution you not ~~modify or update any other disclosures contained~~to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. For more information regarding these risks and uncertainties as well as certain additional risks that we face, refer to the Risk Factors section, which appears in Item 1A of this Report, as well as Item 1A in our ~~Original Filing. Also, there are no changes~~2019 Form 10-K and in our quarterly and other reports filed from time to ~~our consolidated financial statements set forth in the Original Filing. This Amended Filing should be read in conjunction~~time with the ~~Original Filing~~SEC. This discussion is provided as permitted by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

Quaker Houghton on the Internet

Financial results, news and other information about Quaker Houghton can be accessed from the Company’s website at https://www.quakerhoughton.com. This site includes important information on the Company’s locations, products and services, financial reports, news releases and career opportunities. The Company’s periodic and current reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q, 8-K, and other filings, including exhibits and supplemental schedules filed therewith, and amendments to those reports, filed with the SEC ~~subsequent~~are available on the Company’s website, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the ~~Original Filing.~~SEC. Information contained on, or that may be accessed through, the Company’s website is not incorporated by reference in this Report and, accordingly, you should not consider that information part of this Report.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Quaker Houghton is exposed to the impact of interest rates, foreign currency fluctuations, changes in commodity prices and credit risk. The current economic environment associated with COVID-19 has led to significant volatility and uncertainty with each of these market risks. Other than the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on market risks generally, we believe there has been no other material change to the information disclosed in Part II, Item 7A, of our 2019 Form 10-K. See Item 1A, “Risk Factors”, of this Report for additional discussion of the current and potential risks associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange ~~Act)~~Act ) as of the end of the period covered by this ~~report. At the time we filed the Original Filing,~~Report. Based on that evaluation, our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer ~~had~~have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this ~~report~~Report, our disclosure controls and procedures ~~were effective. Subsequent to that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures~~(as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) were not effective as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 because of athe material ~~weakness~~weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. The Company is amending this Item 4 to reflect this conclusion. This control deficiency was identified following an internal review by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm of the Company, of its 2018 audit of the Company’s consolidated financial statementsreporting, as ~~reported~~described below.

As previously disclosed in “Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.” in the Company’s ~~Annual Report on~~2019 Form 10-K, ~~for~~through the ~~fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, originally filed~~process of evaluating risks and corresponding changes to the design of existing or the implementation of new controls in light of the significant non-recurring transactions that occurred during 2019, including the Combination, the Company identified certain deficiencies in its application of the principles associated with the ~~SEC~~Committee of Sponsoring Organization of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) that management has concluded in the aggregate constitute a material weakness. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on ~~February 28, 2019. The Company~~a timely basis. We did not effectively design and maintain controls in response to the risks of material misstatement. Specifically, changes to existing controls or the implementation of new controls have not been sufficient to respond to changes to the risks of material misstatement to financial reporting. As a result of this deficiency in the design and implementation of an effective ~~internal~~risk assessment, this material weakness contributed to certain control ~~over certain aspects of its information technology. Specifically,~~deficiencies that management has concluded result in the following additional material weaknesses: (i) we did not design and maintain effective controls ~~related to (i) user access controls to adequately restrict user~~over the review of pricing, quantity and ~~privileged access to certain financial applications and~~customer data to ~~the appropriate personnel, including ensuring appropriate segregation of duties as it relates to the preparation~~verify that revenue recognized at certain smaller locations was complete and ~~review of journal entries~~accurate, and (ii) ~~monitoring, documenting~~we did not design and ~~approving system or~~maintain effective controls over the reliability of data ~~changes.~~used to support the reasonableness of certain assumptions in the accounting for business combinations.

Notwithstanding ~~this~~these material ~~weakness,~~weaknesses, the Company has concluded that ~~no material misstatements exist in~~ the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements ~~as filed~~included in ~~the Original Filing and such financial statements~~this Report present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows and changes in equity for both the three ~~months~~month periods ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, are in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. However, these control deficiencies could have resulted in misstatements of interim condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures that could have resulted in a material misstatement that would not be prevented or detected.

Remediation Plan ~~for Remediation of Material Weakness~~~~. The~~Activities. As previously disclosed in “Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.” in the Company’s 2019 Form 10-K, the Company and its Board of Directors are committed to maintaining a strong internal control environment. ~~Management~~During the first quarter of 2020, management has ~~evaluated the material weakness described above and has made significant progress updating~~begun developing its ~~design and implementation of internal controls to remediate the aforementioned control deficiency and enhance the Company’s internal control environment. The~~full remediation plan and is ~~being implemented~~in the early phase of what will be a multi-step remediation process to completely and includes a revised risk assessment coupled with additional controls and procedures. Management is committed to successfully implementing the remediation plan as promptly as possible, and currently plans to evaluate its updated internal controls design and determine whether the controls have operated effectively during the third quarter of 2019 in order to fully remediate the ~~aforementioned~~ material ~~weakness in~~weaknesses identified and described above. The initial steps the ~~Company’s~~Company has taken include identifying dedicated internal resources supplemented with third-party specialists to assist with formalizing a robust and detailed remediation plan and specifically completing an updated risk assessment, including identifying and assessing those risks attendant to the significant changes within the Company as a result of becoming a larger, more complex global organization as a result of the Combination. The Company plans to conduct a comprehensive review, and, as applicable, update its existing internal control ~~over financial reporting.~~framework to ensure that it has identified, developed and deployed the appropriate business process and information technology general controls to meet the objectives and address the risks identified through the updated risk assessment process.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting. As required by Rule 13a-15(d) under the Exchange Act, our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated our internal control over financial reporting to determine whether any changes to our internal control over financial reporting occurred during the quarter ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Based on that evaluation, there were no ~~such~~ changes that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting ~~occurred~~ during the quarter ended March 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

PART II.

OTHER INFORMATION

Items 3, 4 and 5 of Part II are inapplicable and have been omitted.

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

Incorporated by reference is the information in Note 19 of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1, of this Report.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

In addition to the other information set forth in this Report, you should carefully consider the risk set forth below, which updates the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our 2019 Form 10-K, as well as the other risk factors described in the 2019 Form 10-K, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risk described below, and the risks described in our 2019 Form 10-K are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or operating results.

The outbreak of COVID-19 and its impact on business and economic conditions have negatively affected our business, results of operations and financial condition and the extent and duration of those effects is uncertain.

Beginning in early 2020, there has been an outbreak of COVID-19, initially in China and which has spread globally, including generally all locations where the Company does business. In March 2020, the World Health Organization formally identified the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic, including the fear of exposure to and the actual effects of the illness, together with the measures implemented to reduce its spread, which include restrictions on travel and large gatherings and requirements to shelter-in-place, have significantly impacted the global economy. The pandemic has disrupted global supply chains, lowered equity market valuations, created significant volatility and disruption in financial markets, and increased unemployment levels. In addition, it has resulted in temporary closures of many businesses, which may continue for an unknown period.

The scale and scope of the COVID-19 outbreak, the resulting pandemic, and the primary and secondary impacts on the economy and financial markets have had a significant disruption on the operations of the Company and its suppliers and customers and have adversely affected the Company’s results of operations and financial condition during the first quarter of 2020 as further described in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in this Report. The Company has experienced disruptions as a result of COVID-19, first at its China subsidiaries and subsequently, particularly beginning in the first quarter of 2020, throughout the rest of the business due to the global economic slowdown. The Company anticipates that its future results of operations, including the results for the remainder of 2020, particularly for the second quarter of 2020, will be significantly adversely impacted by COVID-19. In particular, the spread of COVID-19 and efforts to contain the virus have had the following effects, which are likely to increase or become exacerbated the longer the crisis continues:

reduced the demand for our products and services as many customers have reduced production levels;

driven declines in volume and net sales across all reportable segments;

required us to adjust certain of our facility operating procedures and to take steps to reduce costs and preserve liquidity; and

negatively affected the carrying value of certain of the Company’s reporting units or other indefinite-lived or long-lived intangible assets, namely the Company’s Houghton and Fluidcare trademark and tradename indefinite-lived intangible assets, such that their estimated fair values were less than their carrying values.

The spread of COVID-19 and efforts to contain the virus could also:

limit the availability and reduce the productivity of our employees;

impact our financial reporting systems and processes, internal control over financial reporting, and disclosure controls and procedures, including our ability to ensure information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure;

increase our costs as a result of our emergency measures, delay customer payments and potentially increase uncollectable accounts;

cause delays and disruptions in the availability of and timely delivery of materials and components used in our operations;

cause a deterioration of the credit quality of our customers and other counterparties that could result in credit losses;

result in our inability to meet the requirements of the covenants in our existing credit facility, including covenants regarding our consolidated interest coverage ratio and consolidated net leverage ratio, or increase our cost of capital or make additional capital, including the refinancing of our credit facility, more difficult or available only on terms less favorable to us;

impact our liquidity position and cost of and ability to access funds from financial institutions and capital markets;

negatively affect the carrying values of other Company reporting units or other indefinite-lived or long-lived intangible assets; and

cause other risks to impact us, including the risks described in the “Risk Factors” section of the 2019 Form 10-K.

While the Company has implemented business continuity and emergency response plans to permit it to continue to provide services and products to customers and support the Company’s operations, while also taking health and safety measures such as implementing worker distancing measures and using a remote workforce where possible, there can be no assurance that the continued spread of COVID-19 and efforts to contain the virus (including, but not limited to, voluntary and mandatory quarantines, restrictions on travel, limiting gatherings of people, and reduced operations and extended closures of many businesses and institutions) will not further impact our business, results of operations and financial condition. However, given the unprecedented and rapidly evolving developments with respect to this pandemic, the Company cannot, as of the date of this Report, reasonably estimate the magnitude or full extent of the impact to its future results of operations or to the ability of it or its customers to resume more normal operations. The Company expects that there will be significant volume declines and lower net sales in the second quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2020 and prior year. A prolonged outbreak and period of continued restrictions on day-today life would likely result in further volume declines and lower net sales for later periods of 2020, as compared to the prior year as well.

The ultimate significance of COVID-19 on our business will depend on, among other things, the extent and duration of the pandemic, the severity of the disease and the number of people infected with the virus, the ultimate geographic spread of the virus, the effects on the economy by the pandemic, including market volatility, and by the measures taken by governmental authorities and other third parties restricting day-to-day life and the length of time that such measures remain in place, and laws or governmental programs implemented to assist businesses impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, such as fiscal stimulus and other legislation designed to deliver monetary aid and other relief. The likelihood of a further impact on the Company that could be material increases the longer the virus impacts activity levels in the United States and across the world.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

The following table sets forth information concerning shares of the Company’s common stock acquired by the Company during the first quarter of 2020 for the period covered by this Report:

				(c)		(d)
				Total Number of		Approximate Dollar
	(a)		(b)	Shares Purchased		Value of Shares that
	Total Number		Average	as part of		May Yet be
	of Shares		Price Paid	Publicly Announced		Purchased Under the
Period	Purchased (1)		Per Share (2)	Plans or Programs		Plans or Programs (3)
January 1 - January 31	268	$	164.52	—	$	86,865,026
February 1 - February 29	4,089	$	165.60	—	$	86,865,026
March 1 - March 31	—	$	—	—	$	86,865,026
Total	4,357	$	165.53	—	$	86,865,026

(1)All of these shares were acquired from employees upon their surrender of Quaker Chemical Corporation shares in payment of the exercise price of employee stock options exercised or for the payment of taxes upon exercise of employee stock options or the vesting of restricted stock.

(2)The price paid for shares acquired from employees pursuant to employee benefit and share-based compensation plans is, in each case, based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of exercise or vesting as specified by the plan pursuant to which the applicable option or restricted stock was granted.

(3)On May 6, 2015, the Board of Directors of the Company approved, and the Company announced, a share repurchase program, pursuant to which the Company is authorized to repurchase up to $100,000,000 of Quaker Chemical Corporation common stock (the “2015 Share Repurchase Program”), and it has no expiration date. There were no shares acquired by the Company pursuant to the 2015 Share Repurchase Program during the quarter ended March 31, 2020.

Limitation on the Payment of Dividends

The New Credit Facility has certain limitations on the payment of dividends and other so-called restricted payments. See Note 15 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, in Part I, Item 1, of this Report.

Item 6. Exhibits.

(a) Exhibits

3.1	–	Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (as amended through July 24, 2019). Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 as filed by the Registrant with its quarterly report on Form 10-Q on August 1, 2019.
3.2	–	Restated By-laws (effective May 6, 2015, as amended through March 27, 2020).*
10.1	–	Amendment No. 1, dated as of March 17, 2020, to the Credit Agreement, dated as of August 1, 2019. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 as filed by the Registrant with Form 8-K filed on March 17, 2020.
10.2	–	Amendment No 1, effective March 1, 2020, to the Quaker Houghton Retirement Savings Plan.*†
31.1	–	Certification of Chief Executive Officer of the Company pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities C Act of 1934.*
31.2	–	Certification of Chief Financial Officer of the Company pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.*
32.1	–	Certification of Chief Executive Officer of the Company Pursuant to 18 U.S. C. Section 1350.**
32.2	–	Certification of Chief Financial Officer of the Company Pursuant to 18 U.S. C. Section 1350.**
101.INS	–	Inline XBRL Instance Document*
101.SCH	–	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
101.CAL	–	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.DEF	–	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document*
101.LAB	–	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document*
101.PRE	–	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document*
104	–	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.INS)*

* Filed herewith.

(a) Exhibits

31.1 – Certification of Chief Executive Officer of the Company pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934*

31.2 – Certification of Chief Financial Officer of the Company pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934*

32.1 – Certification of Chief Executive Officer of the Company Pursuant to 18 U.S. C. Section 1350†

32.2 – Certification of Chief Financial Officer of the Company Pursuant to 18 U.S. C. Section 1350†

101.INS – XBRL Instance Document**

101.SCH – XBRL Extension Schema Document**

101.CAL – XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document**

101.DEF – XBRL Definition Linkbase Document**

101.LAB – XBRL Label Linkbase Document**

101.PRE – XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document**

~~Filed herewith.~~

~~Previously filed with our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q originally filed on May 2, 2019.~~

†

~~Previously furnished with our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q originally filed on May 2, 2019.~~

** Furnished herewith.

† Management contract or compensatory plan.

*********

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


				QUAKER CHEMICAL CORPORATION (Registrant)

				/s/ Mary Dean ~~Hall~~Hall________________________________
Date: ~~July 24, 2019~~May 11, 2020				Mary Dean Hall, Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (officer duly authorized on behalf of, and principal financial officer of, the Registrant)

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1 par value	KWR	New York Stock Exchange

	Large accelerated filer x[X]		Accelerated filer ¨[ ]
	Non-accelerated filer ¨[ ]		Smaller reporting company ¨[ ]
	Emerging growth company ¨[ ]

the potential benefits of the Combination;

the impacts on our business as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic;

our current and future results and plans; and

statements that include the words “may,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan” or similar expressions.