Consequently, all of the forward-looking statements made in this annual report are qualified by these cautionary statements and readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements should be considered in light of the various important factors set forth above and elsewhere in this Form 20-F. In addition, we cannot assure you that the actual results or developments anticipated by us will be realized or, even if substantially realized, that they will have the expected effect on us or our business or operations.

ITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISORS

Not applicable.

ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

Not applicable.

ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATION

A.SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The selected consolidated statement of income data (except per ADS data) and consolidated cash flows data for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2019,2020, and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 20182019 and 20192020 are derived from, and should be read in conjunction with, the audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report. The selected consolidated statement of income data (except per ADS data) and consolidated cash flows data for the years ended December 31, 20152016 and 20162017 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 20172018 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements as restated as indicated hereinafter which are not included elsewhere in this annual report.

Moreover, the selected financial data should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” included elsewhere in this annual report. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

(1)         The acquisition of 55% equity interest of Shanghai Gaoqiao Petrochemical Co., Ltd. (“Gaoqiao”) in 2016 from Sinopec Group Company were considered as “combination of entities under common control” and accounted in a manner of predecessor value accounting. Accordingly, the acquired assets and liabilities have been accounted for at historical cost and the consolidated financial statements for periods prior to the combinations have been restated to include the financial condition and results of operation of these acquired business on a combined basis.

(3)         We have adopted IFRS Standard 16 “Leases” from January 1, 2019, but has not restated comparative amounts for the 2018 reporting period, as permitted under the specific transition provision in the standard. The reclassifications and the adjustments arising from such standard were therefore recognized in the opening balance sheet on January 1, 2019.

B.CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS

Not applicable.

C.REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Not applicable.

D.RISK FACTORS

Risks Relating to Our Business Operation

We are exposed to risks associated with price fluctuations of crude oil and refined oil products and petrochemical products.

We consume a large amount of crude oil to produce our refined oil products and petrochemical products. Increases in crude oil prices may result in cost inflation, and high prices may also reduce demand for our products which might adversely affect our profitability. Decreases in prices of crude oil, refined oil products and petrochemical products may cause us to incur impairment to our investment and assets. A prolonged period of low oil prices may impact our profit and ability to maintain our long-term investment projects. We use financial derivatives, including commodity futures, to hedge risks of the volatility in the crude oil price. The use of such financial derivatives may not successfully hedge all risks. The fair value of derivatives fluctuates due to the volatility of crude oil price, which in turn impacts our financial performance. In addition, while we try to adjust the sale prices of our products to reflect international crude oil price fluctuations, our ability to pass on the increased cost resulting from crude oil price increases to our customers may be limited, and is dependent on international and domestic market conditions as well as the PRC government’s price control policies over refined oil products. For instance, the PRC government could exercise price control over refined oil products when international crude oil prices experience a sustained rise or become significantly volatile. As a result, our results of operations and financial condition may be materially affected by the fluctuation of prices of crude oil, refined oil products and petrochemical products.

Our continued business success depends in part on our ability to replace reserves and develop newly discovered reserves.

Our ability to achieve our growth objectives is dependent in part on our level of success in discovering or acquiring additional oil and natural gas reserves. Our exploration and development activities for additional reserves also expose us to inherent risks associated with drilling, including the risk that no proved oil or natural gas reserves might be discovered. Exploring for, developing and acquiring reserves is highly risky and capital intensive. The fluctuation in the prices of crude oil and natural gas will impact the amount of our proved oil or natural gas reserves. In the low oil price environment, only large scale, high quality reserves meet our development criteria, and some exploration projects may not be viable and thus cannot be carried forward, potentially leading to failure in supplementing our oil and natural gas reserves with additional reserves through future exploration. Without reserve additions through further exploration and development or acquisition activities, or if the prices of crude oil and natural gas fall sharply, our reserves and production will decline over time, which may materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We rely heavily on outside suppliers for crude oil and other raw materials, and we may even experience disruption of our ability to obtain crude oil and other raw materials.

We purchased a significant portion of crude oil and other feedstock from outside suppliers located in different countries and regions in the world, of which certain amount of the crude oil processed by our refinery business was sourced from countries or regions that were on the sanction list published and administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control, or OFAC, of the U.S. Department of Treasury, including Iran and Sudan.Sudan region. In addition, our business growth requires us to source an increasing amount of crude oil from outside suppliers. While we purposely source our crude oil from a diversified portfolio of outside suppliers to avoid any potential disruptions to our normal business operations, we are subject to the political, geographical and economic risks associated with these countries and areas. If our contractual relationships with one or more outside suppliers were terminated or disrupted due to any natural disasters or political events, it is possible that we would not be able to find sufficient alternative sources of supply in a timely manner or on commercially reasonable terms. As a result, our business and financial condition would be materially and adversely affected.

Starting from January 2016, the United States suspended most secondary sanctions (i.e., those covering non-U.S. persons) pursuant to the terms of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (the “JCPOA”). In May 2018, the United States withdrew from the JCPOA. Effective on November 5, 2018, all U.S. sanctions on Iran including those on the crude oil and petrochemical sectors were re-imposed, with eight countries and regions including China granted temporary “significant reduction exceptions” as exemptions to such sanctions to allow the importation of crude oil from Iran, which expired on May 2, 2019. As U.S. sanctions on Iran have been resumed, we may be unable to source crude oil from Iran or be subject to secondary sanctions resulting from continuing importing crude oil from Iran, which may have further adverse impact on us, including but not limited to being prohibited to conductfrom conducting certain business and financing activities that relate to the United States, and in turn materially and adversely impact our ADS trading price, results of operations and financial condition.

We rely on our collaboration relationship with PipeChina for the use of certain oil and gas storage and pipeline facilities. Any adverse change to our collaboration with PipeChina may materially impact our business operation and financial status.

In September 2020, we closed the transaction with PipeChina, pursuant to which we sold certain oil and gas storage and pipeline facilities to PipeChina in exchange for approximately 14% of registered capital of, and cash paid by, PipeChina as consideration. We have entered into long-term service agreement with respect to the use of oil and gas storage and pipeline facilities with PipeChina, pursuant to which PipeChina shall provide us with oil and gas transportation and storage services on the agreed terms including, among others, that PipeChina shall meet our demand of service following the agreed service specifications and standards.

Due to the special nature of our business operations, especially our production, refining and distribution activities, the successful execution of our business operation plan will depend on our access to long-term and high-quality performance of oil and gas storage and transportation services that are satisfactory to us, through investing in self-operated storage and pipeline facilities as we did prior to the transaction with PipeChina, and/or through purchasing storage and transportation services from PipeChina and other third parties. Considering the difficulty of the construction of the oil and gas pipeline, storage and other ancillary facilities, which involves time-consuming construction of major capital expenditure projects that are subject to regulatory approvals, we expect that, in the foreseeable future, it would be hard for us to promptly construct, develop and commission oil and gas pipeline, storage and other ancillary facilities, and our main production sites will be connected with and supported by pipelines and storage facilities owned by PipeChina. As a result, the smooth operation of our business in the future will partially depend upon our harmonious collaboration relationship with PipeChina based on service agreement(s) between us and PipeChina. We do not have control over PipeChina, and all key terms of service agreements between us and PipeChina shall be determined based on the applicable laws and regulations as well as the result of arm’s-length commercial negotiations between us and PipeChina, as a result of which we cannot guarantee that we will continue to secure service from PipeChina on current or desirable terms. If we cannot continue to receive service from PipeChina at terms we desire, the operation of our business may be interrupted, and the results of our operations and our financial condition may be materially impacted.

Our business faces operation risks and natural disasters that may cause significant property damages, personal injuries and interruption of operations, and we may not have sufficient insurance coverage for all the financial losses incurred by us.

Exploring for, producing and transporting crude oil and natural gas and producing and transporting refined oil products and petrochemical products involvesinvolve a number of operating hazards. Our operations are subject to significant hazards and risks inherent in refining operations and in transporting and storing crude oil, intermediate products, refined oil products and chemical products. These hazards and risks include, but are not limited to, natural disasters, fires, explosions, pipeline ruptures and spills, third-party interference and mechanical failure of equipment at our or third-party facilities, any of which could result in production and distribution difficulties and disruptions, environmental pollution, personal injury or wrongful death claims and other damage to our properties and the property of others. There is also risk of mechanical failure and equipment shutdowns both in general and followingsubsequent unforeseen events. In certain situations, undamaged refinery processing units may be dependent on or interact with damaged process units and, accordingly, are also subject to being shut down. Even though we have a strong institutional focus on the safety of our operations and have implemented health, safety, security and environment (HSSE) management system within our company and developed an integral risk evaluation and management platform, “PHAMS,” to conduct dynamical and quantitative management and control of relevant risks with the view to preventing accidents, and reducing personal injuries, property losses and environment pollution, our preventative measures may not be effective. We also maintain insurance coverage on our property, plant, equipment, inventory and potential third party liability, but our insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all the financial losses caused by the operation risks and natural disasters. Significant operating hazards and natural disasters may cause interruption to our operations, property or environmental damages as well as personal injuries, and each of these incidents could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

The oil and natural gas reserves data in this annual report are only estimates, and our actual production, revenues and expenditures with respect to our reserves may differ materially from these estimates.

There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities of proved oil and natural gas reserves, and in the timing of development expenditures and the projection of future rates of production. Adverse changes in economic conditions, such as a prolonged period of low oil prices, may render it uneconomical to develop certain reserves and lead to downward revisions in our reserves. Our actual production, revenues, taxes and fees payable and development and operating expenditures with respect to our reserves may likely vary from these estimates.

The estimate of reserves is influencedaffected by, among other things:

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In addition, new drilling, testing and production results achieved following completion of the estimates may cause substantial upward or downward revisions in the estimates.

Oilfield exploration and drilling involves numerous risks, including risks that no commercially productive crude oil or natural gas reserves can be discovered and risks of failure to acquire or retain reserves.

Our oil and gas business is currently involved in exploration activities in various regions, including in some areas where natural conditions may be challenging and where the costs of such exploration activities may be high. As a result, our oil and gas business may incur cost overruns or may be required to curtail, delay or cancel drilling operations because of many factors, including, but not limited to, the following:

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The future production of our oil and gas business depends significantly upon our success in finding or acquiring additional reserves and retaining and developing such reserves. If our oil and gas business fails to conduct successful exploration activities or to acquire or retain assets holding proved reserves, it may not meet its production or growth targets, and its proved reserves will decline as it extracts crude oil and natural gas from the existing reservoirs, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We have been actively pursuing business opportunities outside China to supplement our domestic resources. However, there can be no assurance that we can successfully locate sufficient alternative sources of crude oil supply or at all due to the complexity of the international political, economic and other conditions. If we fail to obtain sufficient alternative sources of crude oil supply, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

Our exploration, development and production activities and our refining and petrochemical business require substantial expenditure and investments and our plans for and ability to make such expenditures and investments are subject to various risks.

Exploring for, developing and producing crude oil and natural gas fields are capital-intensive activities involving a high degree of risk. Our ability to undertake exploration, development and production activities and make the necessary capital expenditures and investments is subject to many risks, contingencies and other uncertainties, which may prevent our oil and gas business from achieving the desired results, or which may significantly increase the expenditures and investments that our oil and gas business makes, including, but not limited to, the following:

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From time to time, we may construct new and/or revamp existing refining and petrochemical facilities, which require substantial capital expenditures and investments. There can be no assurance that the cash generated by our operations will be sufficient to fund these development plans or that our actual future capital expenditures and investments will not significantly exceed our current planned amounts. Our inability to obtain sufficient funding for development plans could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our development projects and production activities involve many uncertainties and operating risks that can prevent us from realizing profits and cause substantial losses.

Our development projects and production activities may be curtailed, delayed or cancelled for many reasons, including equipment shortages or failures, natural hazards, unexpected drilling conditions, mechanical and technical difficulties caused by complex geological conditions and operating errors by our employees. These projects and activities, which include projects focused on non-conventional oil and gas exploration and development, will also often require the use of new and advanced technologies that may be expensive to develop, purchase and implement, and may not function as expected. There is a risk that any development projectsproject that we undertake may not yield adequateexpected returns. In addition, our development projects and production activities, particularly those in remote areas, could become less profitable, or unprofitable, if we experience a prolonged period of low oil or gas prices or cost overruns.

Our business may be adversely affected by actions and regulations prompted by global climate changes.

Many nations in the world have reached consensus on the importance and urgency of addressing climate change. The oil and gas industry in which we operate is drawing increasing concerns about global climate change in recent years. A number of international, national and regional measures to limit greenhouse gas emissions have been enacted. The Paris Agreement on climate change adopted by 195 nations in December 2015 has placed binding commitments on nations that have ratified it since November 2016, which may lead to more stringent national and regional measures in the near future. ItCompliance with these measures could result in substantial impact on capital expenditure, from compliance with these measures and revenue generationprofit and strategic growth opportunities. In addition, China has undertaken to strive to peak the CO2 emissions by 2030 or earlier and strive hard to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, if possible, and to increase the non-fossil fuel share of all energy to around 20 percent 25%by 2030.2030 while reducing the CO2 emissions by no less than 65% as compared with 2005. China has also implemented a national carbon emissions trading scheme in 2017, with power generation industry has been included initially, and will gradually expand the industry coverage after the market matures. As most of our producingdomestic subsidiaries in China may be recognized as emission-control enterprises, such change could have certain effect on our business operations.

Our overseas businesses may be adversely affected by changes of overseas government policies and business environment.

We have operations and assets and may seek new opportunities in various countries and regions, including countries in Africa, South America, Central Asia , Russia and certain other regions, some of which are deemed to be subject to a high degree of political risk. The operations in these countries and regions may experience political instability, changes to the regulatory environment,debt divergence, changes in taxation and foreign exchange controls, disease outbreaks,legal litigations, deterioration in socialcompliance management environments or public security, market fluctuations and environmental risks. Anyoil and gas price fluctuations, changes in political situations and sanctions rules and policies, investment decision risk, safety production and equipment integrity risk. Occurrence of any of these conditions occurring could disrupt or curtail our operations or development activities. These events may also limit our ability to pursue new opportunities, affect the recoverability of our assets or cause us to incur additional costs, particularly due to the long-term nature of many of our projects and the significant capital expenditure required.required by those projects.

We may be classified as a passive foreign investment company for United States federal income tax purposes, which could result in adverse United States federal income tax consequences to United States investors in the H shares or ADSs.

A non-United States corporation, such as our company, will be a “passive foreign investment company” (PFIC), for United States federal income tax purposes for any taxable year, if either (a) 75% or more of its gross income for such year consists of certain types of “passive” income or (b) 50% or more of the value of our assets (generally based on the average quarterly value of our assets during the taxable year) produce or are held for the production of passive income. Depending upon the value of our assets, which may be determined based, in part, on the market price of our H shares or ADSs, and the nature of our assets and income over time, we could be classified as a PFIC for United States federal income tax purposes. Based on our income and assets and the market price of our H shares or ADSs, we do not believe that we were a PFIC for the taxable year ended December 31, 20192020 and do not anticipate becoming a PFIC in the current taxable year or in the foreseeable future. Because PFIC status is a factual determination made annually after the close of each taxable year on the basis of the composition of our income and the value of our active versus passive assets for that year, there can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC for any future taxable year. The overall level of our passive assets will be affected by how, and how quickly, we expend our liquid assets. Under circumstances where gross income from activities that produce passive income significantly increase relative to our gross income from activities that produce non-passive income or where we determine not to deploy significant amounts of cash for active purposes, our risk of becoming classified as a PFIC may substantially increase. If we were to be or become classified as a PFIC, a US Holder (as defined in “Item 10. Additional Information—E. Taxation—United States Federal Income Tax Considerations”) may incur significantly increased United States income tax on gains recognized on the sale or other disposition of the H shares or ADSs and on the receipt of distributions on the H shares or ADSs to the extent such gains or distributions are treated as an “excess distribution” under the United States federal income tax rules. For more information see “Item 10. Additional Information—E. Taxation—United States Federal Income Tax Considerations.”

Our operations may be adversely affected by cyber-attacks or similar disruptions.

We have established cybersecurity control schemes and operation and maintenance schemes for our information infrastructure and application system, built a cybersecurity risk management and control information platform, and devoted significant resources to protecting our digital infrastructure and datainformation system against cyber-attacks. If our systems against cyber-security risk prove to be ineffective, we could be adversely affected by, among other things, disruptions to our business operations, and loss of proprietary information, including intellectual property, financial information and employer and customer data, injury to people, property, environment and reputation. As cyber-security attacks continue to evolve, we may be required to expend additional resources to enhance our protective measures against cyber-security breaches.

The recent coronavirus outbreakCOVID-19 pandemic could materially and adversely affect our business.

In 2020, the beginningglobal pandemic of 2020, a novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) was reportedCOVID-19 and public prevention measures have had and may continue to have surfaced and then caused a pandemic outbreak. The outbreak of the coronavirus and other adverse public health developments have certain adverse impactimpacts for a period of time on the demand offor our end products and on our normal operating activities, including disruptions from the temporary closure of offices, suspension of business travel or other disruptions on our normal working schedules, restrictions on our employees’ ability to travel, and other similar disruptions on our normal operation arrangements, which, in aggregate, may have significant impacts on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We have taken measures in response to the outbreak, including the adoption of more stringent workplace sanitation measures, which may have negative impact on our resultsmeasure. At present, domestic COVID-19 is generally under control within China, and vaccines are being inoculated within China and abroad, However, unpredictable factors still exist in terms of operations and financial status. While such measures are expected to be temporary, the duration of the business disruption and related financial impact cannot be reasonably estimated at this time.COVID-19 global trend. The extent to which this outbreak impacts our results will depend on future developments which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted,of COVID-19, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of thisthe outbreak and the actions to contain thisthe outbreak or treat its impact, among others.

Risks Relating to Our Industry

Our operations may be adversely affected by the global and domestic economic conditions.

Our results of operations are materially affected by economic conditions in China and elsewhere around the world. There are some uncertainty and instability in the current global economy. The Chinese economy has entered the “new normal”a new development stage with stable and favorable economic growth and is moving forward with high quality development. Our operations may also be adversely affected by factors such as foreign countries’ trade protection policies and increase in imports activities facilitated by regional trade agreements which may adversely affect our export and import activities.agreements.

Our operations may be adversely affected by the cyclical nature of the market.

Most of our revenues are attributable to sales of refined oil products and petrochemical products, and certain of these businesses and related products have historically been cyclical and sensitive to a number of factors that are beyond our control. These factors include the availability and prices of feedstock and general economicmacro-economic conditions, such as changes in industry capacity and output levels, cyclical changes in regional and global economic conditions, prices and availability of substitute products and fluctuation in prices and demands of natural gas, refined oil products and chemical products. Although we are an integrated company with upstream, midstream and downstream businesses, we have limited ability to mitigate the adverse influence of the cyclicality of global markets.

We face strong competition from domestic and foreign competitors.

Among our competitors, some are major integrated petroleum and petrochemical companies within and outside China, which have recently become more significant participants in the petroleum and petrochemical industry in China. The PRC government has speeded up the release of restrictions on the right to use imported crude oil. This development may lead to refining overcapacity in China and intensify competition among local refineries. The Chinese crude oil and refined oil product markets are becoming increasingly dynamic and internationalized with implementation of tariff concessions and relaxation of market. In the opened-up wholesale market of refined oil products previously dominated by PetroChina Company Limited and us, we are facing stronger competition withfrom new players and imported products entering the market.products. Our market share of chemical products is also under stronger competitive pressure due to the increasingly active participation of diversified new market players including multinational petroleum and petrochemical companies and domestic private enterprises. In addition, we are also expectexpected to face competition in both domestic and internationaloverseas refined oil products and petrochemical product market as a result of our domestic and international competitors’ increasing production capacity. Increased competition may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Relating to Our Controlling Shareholder

We engage in related party transactions with Sinopec Group from time to time which may create potential conflict of interest.

We have engaged from time to time and will continue to engage in a variety of transactions with Sinopec Group, which provides us with a number of services, including, but not limited to, ancillary supply, engineering, maintenance, transport, lease of land use right, lease of buildings, as well as educational and ancillary services. The nature of our transactions with Sinopec Group is governed by a number of service and other contracts between Sinopec Group and us. We have established various schemes in those agreements so that these transactions, when entered into, are under terms that are at arm’s length. However, we cannot assure you that Sinopec Group Company or any of its members would not take actions that may favor its interests or its other subsidiaries’ interests over ours.

We are controlled by Sinopec Group Company, our ultimate controlling shareholder, whose interest in certain businesses are likely to compete with our business.

Sinopec Group Company has interests in certain businesses, such as petrochemical and overseas exploration and development, which compete or are likely to compete, either directly or indirectly, with our businesses. To avoid the adverse effects brought by the competition between us and Sinopec Group Company to the maximum extent possible, we and Sinopec Group Company have entered into a non-competition agreement. In 2012, we received from Sinopec Group Company an undertaking to avoid its competition with us. For details, please refer to the descriptions under “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—A. Major Shareholders.” Notwithstanding the foregoing contractual arrangements, because Sinopec Group Company is our controlling shareholder, Sinopec Group Company may take actions that may conflict with our own interests.

It is possible that the current or future activities of our ultimate controlling shareholder, Sinopec Group Company, or its affiliates in or with certain countries that are the subject of economic sanctions under relevant U.S. laws could result in negative media and investor attention to us and possible imposition of sanctions on Sinopec Group Company, which could materially and adversely affect our shareholders’ value and operations.

Sinopec Group Company undertakes, from time to time and without our involvement, overseas investments and operations in the oil and gas industry, including exploration and production of oil and gas, refining and Liquefied Natural Gas or LNG, oilfield services and refining engineering projects. Sinopec Group Company’s overseas asset portfolio includes a limited number of projects in countries that are subject to U.S. sanctions administrated by OFAC and by the U.S. Department of State, including Iran, Syria and Sudan. We currently do not believe that any existing investments of Sinopec Group Company will result in any direct sanctions imposed by OFAC. However, we cannot predict the interpretation or implementation of sanction policy at the U.S. federal, state or local levels with respect to any current or future activities by Sinopec Group Company or its affiliates in countries or with individuals or entities that are the subject of U.S. sanctions. Similarly, we cannot predict whether U.S. sanctions will be further tightened in the case of Iran, or whether sanction scope will be modified or updated, or if any other countries or regions will be incorporated into the sanction list, or the impact that such actions may have on Sinopec Group Company and us. If becoming the target of U.S. sanctions, Sinopec Group Company may be prohibited from conducting business activities in the United States or with individuals or entities in the United States, and the transactions of theinvolving our securities in the United States will also be significantly affected. In addition, certain U.S. state and local governments and colleges have restrictions on the investment of public funds or endowment funds, respectively, in companies that are members of corporate groups with activities in certain countries that are the subject of U.S. sanctions. These investors may not wish to invest, and may divest their investment, in us because of our relationship with Sinopec Group Company and its investments and activities in those OFAC sanctioned countries. It is possible that, as a result of activities by Sinopec Group Company or its affiliates in countries that are the subject of U.S. sanctions, we may be subject to negative media or investor attention, which may distract management, consume internal resources and affect investors’ perception of our Company.

Risks Relating to the PRC

Government regulations may limit our activities and affect our business operations.

The PRC government, though gradually liberalizing its regulations on entry into the petroleum and petrochemical industry, continues to exercise certain controls over the petroleum and petrochemical industry in China. These control mechanisms include granting the licenses to explore for and produce crude oil and natural gas, granting the licenses to market and distribute crude oil and refined oil products, regulating the upper limit of the retail prices for gasoline and diesel; collecting special oil income levies, deciding import and export quotas and procedures, setting safety, environmental and quality standards, and formulating policies to save energy and reduce emission; meanwhile, there could be potential changes to macroeconomic and industry policies such as reforming of the oil and gas industry, and further reforming and improvement of pricing mechanism of refined oil products and natural gas, which could impact the development of the domestic petroleum and petrochemical industry and the production and operations of the domestic enterprises operating in such industry. Such control mechanisms may have material effects on our operations and profitability.

The PRC governmental authorities, from time to time, audit or inspect our ultimate controlling shareholder. We cannot predict the impact, if any, of their outcome on our reputation, business and financial condition as well as the trading prices of our ADSs and H shares.

The PRC governmental authorities, from time to time, perform audits, inspections, inquiries or similar actions on state-owned companies, such as Sinopec Group Company, our ultimate controlling shareholder. Such inspections are not conducted on a regular basis with specific targets, and therefore we cannot predict the outcome of these governmental activities. If, as a result of such audits, inspections or inquiries, (i) material irregularities are found within Sinopec Group Company or us or our employees or (ii) Sinopec Group Company or we become the target of any negative publicity, our reputation, business and financial condition as well as the trading prices of our ADSs and H shares may be materially and negatively impacted.

Our business operations may be adversely affected by present or future environmental regulations.

As an integrated petroleum and petrochemical company, we are subject to extensive environmental protection laws and regulations in China. These laws and regulations permit:

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Our production activities produce substantial amounts of liquid, gas and solid waste materials. We have established a system to treat waste materials to prevent and reduce pollution. We may have certain facilities built in regions newly reclassified as ecological preservation areas, and therefore need to be relocated. Also, the PRC government has moved, and may move further, toward more rigorous enforcement of applicable laws, and toward the adoption of more stringent environmental standards, which, in turn, would require us to incur additional expenditures on environmental matters.standards.

In recent years, we have commenced exploration and production of unconventional oil and gas resources, such as shale oil and gas and coal bed methane, through the application of relatively advanced technologies. As a result, our unconventional oil and gas operations rely on unproven technology which may expose us to higher environmental compliance standards and requirements. In the event of any failurerequirements, which, in turn, would require us to comply with such standards and requirements, we may be subject to public concerns about our unconventional oil and gas operations, which may also harm our corporate reputation.incur additional expenditures on environmental matters.

Some of our development plans require compliance with state policies and governmental regulation.

We are currently engaged in a number of construction, renovation and expansion projects. Some of our large construction, renovation and expansion projects are subject to governmental confirmation and registration. The timing and cost of completion of these projects will depend on numerous factors, including when we can receive the required confirmation and registration from relevant PRC government authorities and the general economic condition in China. If any of our key projects required for our future growth areis not confirmed or registered, or not confirmed or registered in a timely manner, our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely impacted.

Government control of currency conversion and exchange rate fluctuation may adversely affect our operations and financial results.

We receive a significant majority of our revenues in Renminbi. A portion of such revenues will need to be converted into other currencies to meet our foreign currency needs, which include, among other things:

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The existing foreign exchange regulations have significantly reduced government foreign exchange controls for transactions under the current account, including trade and service related foreign exchange transactions and payment of dividends. Foreign exchange transactions under the capital account, including principal payments in respect of foreign currency-denominated obligations, continue to be subject to significant foreign exchange controls and require the approval of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. These limitations could affect our ability to obtain foreign exchange through debt or equity financing, or to obtain foreign exchange. The PRC government has stated publicly that it intends to make the Renminbi freely convertible in the future. However, we cannot predict whether the PRC government will continue its existing foreign exchange policy and when the PRC government will allow free conversion of Renminbi.

The exchange rate of the Renminbi against the US dollar and other foreign currencies fluctuates with market and is affected by, among other things, the changes in the PRC’s and international political and economic conditions. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government introduced a floating exchange rate system to allow the value of the Renminbi to fluctuate within a regulated band based on market supply and demand and by reference to a basket of foreign currencies. On June 19, 2010 and August 11, 2015, respectively, the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) decided to further promote the reform of exchange rate regime and enhance the flexibility of Renminbi exchange rate. The changes in foreign exchange rate will impact our cost in purchasing crude oil given the majority of our crude oil purchases are settled in foreign currencies and priced in US dollar. Besides, prices of refined oil products are guided by the PRC government and are pegged to the exchange rate of the Renminbi against the US dollar. Therefore the impact of Renminbi exchange rate fluctuation on the purchase cost of crude oil could largely be offset by the corresponding fluctuation in the prices of domestic refined oil products and chemical products.

Risks relating to enforcement of shareholder rights; Mandatory arbitration.

Currently, the primary sources of shareholder rights are our articles of association, the PRC Company Law and the Listing Rules of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, which, among other things, impose certain standards of conduct, fairness and disclosure on us, our directors and our controlling shareholder. In general, their provisions for protection of shareholder’s rights and access to information are different from those applicable to companies incorporated in the United States, the United Kingdom and other Western countries. In addition, the mechanism for enforcement of rights under the corporate framework to which we are subject may also be relatively undeveloped and untested. To our knowledge, there has not been any published report of judicial enforcement in the PRC by H share shareholders of their rights under constituent documents of joint stock limited companies or the PRC Company Law or in the application or interpretation of the PRC or Hong Kong regulatory provisions applicable to PRC joint stock limited companies. We cannot guarantee that our shareholders will enjoy protections that they may be entitled in other jurisdictions.

China does not have treaties providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts with the United States, the United Kingdom or most other Western countries, and therefore recognition and enforcement in China of judgments of a court in any of these jurisdictions in relation to any matter not subject to a binding arbitration provision may not be assured. Our articles of association as well as the Listing Rules of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange provide that most disputes between holders of H shares and us, our directors, supervisors, officers or holders of domestic shares, arising out of the articles of association or the PRC Company Law concerning the affairs of our company, are to be resolved through arbitration, at the election of the claimant, by arbitration organizations in Hong Kong or the PRC, rather than through a court of law. On June 18, 1999, an arrangement was made between Hong Kong and the PRC for the mutual enforcement of arbitral awards. This new arrangement was approved by the Supreme People’s Court of the PRC and the Hong Kong Legislative Council, and became effective on February 1, 2000. We are uncertain as to the outcome of any action brought in China to enforce an arbitral award granted to shareholders.

Our auditor, like other independent registered public accounting firms operating in China, is not permitted to be subject to inspection by Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, and as such, investors may be deprived of the benefits of such inspection. Our ADSs may be delisted under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act if the PCAOB is unable to inspect auditors who are located in China. The delisting of our ADSs, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially affect the value of your investment.

The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCA Act, was enacted on December 18, 2020. The HFCA Act states if the SEC determines that we have filed audit reports issued by a registered public accounting firm that has not been subject to inspection by the PCAOB for three consecutive years beginning in 2021, the SEC shall prohibit our shares or ADSs from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over the counter trading market in the U.S.

Our auditor, the independent registered public accounting firm that issuedissues the audit reportsreport included elsewhere in ourthis annual reports filed with the SEC,report, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or PCAOB, is subject to laws in the United States pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess its compliance with the applicable professional standards. BecauseSince our auditor is located in China, a jurisdiction where the PCAOB has been unable to conduct inspections without the approval of the PRCChinese authorities, our auditor like other independent registered public accounting firms, is currently not inspected by the PCAOB.

On March 24, 2021, the SEC adopted interim final rules relating to the implementation of certain disclosure and documentation requirements of the HFCA Act. We will be required to comply with these rules if the SEC identifies us as having a “non-inspection” year under a process to be subsequently established by the SEC. The SEC is assessing how to implement other requirements of the HFCA Act, including the listing and trading prohibition requirements described above.

InspectionsThe SEC may propose additional rules or guidance that could impact us if our auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspection. For example, on August 6, 2020, the President's Working Group on Financial Markets, or the PWG, issued a report recommended the SEC implement five recommendations to address companies from jurisdictions that do not provide the PCAOB with sufficient access to fulfil its statutory mandate, some of other firmswhich were more stringent than the HFCA Act.

The SEC has announced that PCAOB has conducted outsidethe SEC staff is preparing a consolidated proposal for the rules regarding the implementation of the HFCA Act and to address the recommendations in the PWG report. It is unclear when the SEC will complete its rulemaking and when such rules will become effective and what, if any, of the PWG recommendations will be adopted. The implications of this possible regulation in addition to the requirements of the HFCA Act are uncertain. Such uncertainty could cause the market price of our ADSs to be affected, and our securities could be delisted or prohibited from being traded “over-the-counter,” which may substantially impair the investors’ ability to sell or purchase our ADSs.

The PCAOB’s inability to conduct inspections in China have identified deficiencies in those firms’ audit proceduresprevents it from fully evaluating the audits and quality control procedures whichof our independent registered public accounting firm. As a result, investors may be addressed as partdeprived of the inspection process to improve future audit quality. The lackbenefits of PCAOB inspections in China may prevent PCAOB from regularly evaluating our auditor’s audits and quality control procedures.inspections. The inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of auditors in China makes it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of our auditor’sindependent registered public accounting firm’s audit procedures or quality control procedures. As a result,procedures as compared to auditors outside of China that are subject to the PCAOB inspections, which could cause investors may be deprivedand potential investors in our stock to lose confidence in our audit procedures and reported financial information and the quality of the benefits of PCAOB inspections.our financial statements.

On December 7, 2018,In May 2013, the SECPCAOB announced that it had entered into a Memorandum of Understanding on Enforcement Cooperation with the CSRC and the PCAOB issuedPRC Ministry of Finance, which establishes a joint statement highlighting continued challenges facedcooperative framework between the parties for the production and exchange of audit documents relevant to investigations undertaken by the PCAOB in the PRC or by the CSRC or the PRC Ministry of Finance in the United States. The PCAOB continues to be in discussions with the CSRC and the PRC Ministry of Finance to permit joint inspections in the PRC of audit firms that are registered with the PCAOB and audit Chinese companies that trade on U.S. regulators in their oversight of financial statement audits of U.S.-listed companies with significant operations in China. However, it remains unclear what further actions, if any, the SEC and PCAOB will take to address this issue. Enactment of any proposed legislation or other efforts to increase U.S. regulatory access to audit information could cause uncertainty for affected issuers and cause trading volatility.exchanges.

Additional remedial measures imposed on certain PRC-based accounting firms, including our independent registered public accounting firm, in proceedings brought by the SEC alleging the firms’ failure to meet specific criteria, could result in financial statements being determined to not be in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act.

In December 2012, the SEC brought administrative proceedings against the “Big Four” accounting firms in China, including our independent registered public accounting firm, alleging that these firms had refused to produce audit work papers and other documents related to certain other China-based companies whose securities are publicly traded in the United States. On January 22, 2014, an initial administrative law decision was issued, censuring these accounting firms and barring these firms from practicing before the SEC for a period of six months. The decision is neither final nor legally effective unless and until it is endorsed by the SEC. In February 2015, each of the four PRC-based accounting firms agreed to a censure and to pay a fine to the SEC to settle the dispute and avoid suspension of their ability to practice before the SEC. The settlement required the firms to follow detailed procedures to seek to provide the SEC with access to Chinese firms’ audit documents via the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) in response to future document requests by the SEC made through the CSRC. We cannot predict if the SEC will further challenge the four China-based accounting firms’ compliance with U.S. law in connection with U.S. regulatory requests for audit work papers or if the results of such a challenge would result in the SEC imposing penalties such as suspensions.

In the event that the Chinese affiliates of the “Big Four” become subject to additional legal challenges by the SEC or PCAOB, listed companies in the United States with PRC operations may find it difficult or impossible to retain auditors in respect of their operations in the PRC, which could result in financial statements being determined to not be in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, and hence face delisting. Moreover, any negative news about the proceedings against these audit firms may cause give rise to a perception of uncertainty to investors regarding China-based, U.S.-listed companies and the market price of our ADSs may be adversely affected.

If our independent registered public accounting firm was denied, even temporarily, the ability to practice before the SEC and we were unable to timely find another registered public accounting firm to audit and issue an opinion on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determined not to be in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to delisting of our ADSs from the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) or deregistration from the SEC, or both, which would substantially reduce or effectively terminate the trading of our ADSs in the United States.

ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

A.HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY

Our legal and commercial name is China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation. Our head office is located at 22 Chaoyangmen North Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100728, the People’s Republic of China, our telephone number is (8610) 5996-0028 and our fax number is (8610) 5996-0386. We have appointed our representative office in the North America, located at 3050 Post Oak Blvd, Suite 800, Houston, 77056, with telephone number of +1 (713) 544 8888 and fax number of +1 (713) 544 8878, as our agent for service of processes for actions brought under the U.S. securities laws. The SEC maintains an Internet website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding us that have been filed electronically with the SEC, which can be accessed at http://www.sec.gov. Information about the Company and documents the Company submitted to the SEC are available on the our investor relations website: http://www.sinopec.com/listco/en/investor_centre/corporate_governance/.

We were established as a joint stock limited company on February 25, 2000 under the Company Law of the PRC with Sinopec Group Company as the sole shareholder at our inception. Our principal businesses consist of petroleum and petrochemical businesses transferred to us by Sinopec Group Company pursuant to a reorganization agreement. Such businesses include:

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Sinopec Group’s continuing activities primarily consist, among other things, of:

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Sinopec Group Company transferred the businesses to us either by transferring its equity holdings in subsidiaries or by transferring their assets and liabilities. Sinopec Group Company also agreed in the reorganization agreement to transfer to us its exploration and production licenses and all rights and obligations under the agreements in connection with its core businesses transferred to us. The employees relating to these assets were also transferred to us.

From July 8, 2015 to July 7, 2016, Sinopec Group Company increased its shareholding in the Company through acquisitions of our ordinary shares on the stock market in its own name or through other concerting parties, by way of acquiring 72,000,000 A shares. Immediately following the shareholding increase, Sinopec Group Company directly and indirectly held 86,345,821,101 shares of the Company.

On October 29, 2015, we entered into a joint venture agreement with Sinopec Assets Management Co., Ltd. (“SAMC”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sinopec Group Company, in relation to the formation of Sinopec Shanghai Gaoqiao Petrochemical Co., Ltd. (“Gaoqiao”). We and SAMC subscribed for 55% and 45% of the registered capital of Gaoqiao, respectively, and Gaoqiao became a subsidiary of the Company.

On August 2, 2016, our board of directors unanimously approved the proposal to introduce capitals from potential investors to invest in Sichuan-to-East China gas pipeline project, through our indirectly wholly-owned subsidiary Sinopec Sichuan-to-East China Natural Gas Pipeline Co., Ltd. (“Sichuan-to-East China Pipeline Co.”). On December 12, 2016, Sinopec Natural Gas Limited Company, our wholly-owned subsidiary (“Natural Gas Company”), China Life Insurance Co., Ltd. (“China Life”) and SDIC Communications Holding Co., Ltd. (“SDIC Communications”) entered into the Capital Injection Agreement in relation to Sichuan-to-East China Pipeline Co. and agreed to collectively subscribe for 50% equity interest in Sichuan-to-East China Pipeline Co. for an aggregate amount of RMB 22.8 billion in cash. Upon completion of the capital injection, China Life, SDIC Communications and us holdthe Natural Gas Company held 43.86%, 6.14% and 50% equity interest in Sichuan-to-East China Pipeline Co., respectively.

On April 27, 2017, our board of directors unanimously approved the proposal of the acquisition of equity interest in Shanghai SECCO Petrochemical Company Limited (“Shanghai SECCO”) by Gaoqiao. On October 26, 2017, Gaoqiao purchased 50% equity interest in Shanghai SECCO from BP Chemicals East China Investment Limited with a cash consideration of RMB 10,135 million. Before the acquisition, we and one of our subsidiaries held 30% and 20% equity interest in Shanghai SECCO, respectively. Upon completion of the acquisition, we, together with our subsidiaries, hold 100% equity interest of Shanghai SECCO, which became a subsidiary of us.

Following the instruction by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council, on August 9, 2018, Sinopec Group Company gratuitously transferred 1,241,721,854 A shares of the Company to Beijing Chengtong Financial Control Investment Co., Ltd., and 1,241,721,854 A shares to Guoxin Investment Co., Ltd. Upon the completion of such transfers, Sinopec Group Company directly and indirectly held 83,862,377,393 shares of the Company.

In July 2020, we and certain of our subsidiaries entered into transactions with PipeChina to sell the ownership of certain oil and gas pipeline assets and other facilities to PipeChina in exchange for approximately 14% of registered capital of, and cash paid by, PipeChina as consideration (the “Pipeline Transactions”). The Pipeline Transactions closed on September 30, 2020. In accordance with the arrangements of the Pipeline Transactions, we and PipeChina have entered into agreements for the continuous use of relevant oil and gas pipelines and other facilities in the future on the terms and subject to conditions set forth therein.

Exploration and Production

Overview

We currently explore for, develop and produce crude oil and natural gas in a number of areas in China and overseas. As of December 31, 2019,2020, we held 231238 production licenses in China, with an aggregate acreage of 33,46733,965 square kilometers and with terms ranging from 10 to 80 years. Our production licenses may be renewed upon our application at least 30 days prior to the expiration date, which are renewable for unlimited times. During the term of our production license, we pay an annual production license fee of RMB 1,000 per square kilometer.

As of December 31, 2019,2020, we held 189190 exploration licenses in China for various blocks in which we engaged in exploration activities, with an aggregate acreage of approximately 472,017437 thousand square kilometers.

As of December 31, 2019,2020, our overseas subsidiary held one production licenses, with an acreage of 322.57 square kilometers. It currently does not have exploration licenses. Our overseas equity-accounted investments held 74 production licenses, with an aggregate acreage of 4,907.4 square kilometers, and no exploration license.

Properties

We currently operate 248 oil and gas producing fields and blocks.

Shengli production field is our most important crude oil production field. It consists of 75 producing blocks of various sizes extending over an area of 2,4862,523 square kilometers in northern Shandong province, all of which are our net developed acreage. Most of Shengli’s blocks are located in the Jiyang trough with various oil producing layers. In 2019,2020, Shengli production field produced approximately 166 million barrels of crude oil and 17.23520.047 billion cubic feet of natural gas, with an average daily production of 463463.1 thousand BOE.

As of December 31, 2019,2020, the total acreage of our oil and gas producing fields and blocks in China was 16,23916,770 square kilometers, including 9,67510,230 square kilometers of developed acreage, all of which were net developed acreage; and 6,5646,540 square kilometers of gross undeveloped acreage, all of which were net undeveloped acreage.

As of December 31, 2019,2020, the total acreage of our oil and gas producing fields and blocks of our overseas subsidiary was 322.57 square kilometers, including 169.21 square kilometers of developed acreage, of which 110 square kilometers were net developed acreage; and 153.36 square kilometers of gross undeveloped acreage, of which 31.8 square kilometers were net undeveloped acreage.

As of December 31, 2019,2020, the total acreage of our oil and gas producing fields and blocks of our overseas equity-accounted investments was 1,715.51,893.4 square kilometers, including 1,640.41,818.4 square kilometers of developed acreage, of which 1,640.41,818.4 square kilometers were net developed acreage; and 75.1 square kilometers of gross undeveloped acreage, of which 45.1 square kilometers were net undeveloped acreage.

Oil and Natural Gas Reserves

As of December 31, 2019,2020, our estimated proved reserves of crude oil and natural gas in China were 2,6362,595 million BOE (including 1,4331,232 million barrels of crude oil and 7,2168,181 billion cubic feet of natural gas), and our estimated proved reserves of crude oil and natural gas outside of China, which included a share of the estimated proved reserves of our equity-accounted investments, were 309312.6 million BOE. Our estimated proved reserves do not include additional quantities recoverable beyond the term of the relevant production licenses, or that may result from extensions of currently proved areas, or from application of improved recovery processes not yet tested and determined to be economical.

The following tables set forth our proved developed and undeveloped crude oil and natural gas reserves by region as of December 31, 2019.2020.

As of December 31, 2019,2020, approximately 107101.94 million barrels of our crude oil proved reserves and 1,1901,823.7 billion cubic feet of our natural gas proved reserves were classified as proved undeveloped reserves in China and overseas. 2.22.23 million barrels of crude oil and 32.6648.04 billion cubic feet natural gas proved reserves in China have been classified as proved undeveloped for more than five years, mainly under Sinopec Shanghai Offshore Petroleum Company, one of our subsidiaries.

During 2019,2020, a total of 403374 wells were drilled by us in China and 103100 wells were drilled overseas. We converted 3448.87 million barrels of proved undeveloped crude oil reserves and 248139.14 billion cubic feet of proved undeveloped natural gas reserves into proved developed reserves in 2019.2020. Total capital expenditure incurred in converting proved undeveloped reserves into proved developed reserves amounted to RMB 7,633RMB8,205 million, including RMB 7,150RMB7,096 million and RMB 483RMB1,109 million incurred in connection with our operations in China and overseas, respectively, in 2019.2020.

Our reserves estimation is managed by a two-tier management system. The Oil and Natural Gas Reserves Management Committee, or the RMC, at our headquarters level, organizes, coordinates and oversees the overall reserves estimation, and is in charge of the major issues in reserves estimation and approving the reserves estimation report of our company. Each of our Branches has a reserves management committee that manages and coordinates the reserves estimation process, organizes the evaluators to do reserves estimation, reviews and inspects the evaluation materials and results at the branches level, and reports to the RMC of the Company.

Our RMC consists of our president,senior managements, the senior management of related divisions at our headquarters level, our exploration and production institution and our Branches in each oil field. The current Chairman of our RMC, Mr. Liu Hongbin, Senior Vice President of the company, has over 30 years of experience in the oil and gas industry. A majority of our RMC members hold doctor’s or master’s degrees and our RMC members have an average of 20 years of technical experience in relevant industry fields, such as geology, development and economics.

Our reserves estimation is guided by procedural manuals and technical guidance. Initial collection and compilation of reserves information are conducted by different working divisions, including exploration, development and financial divisions, at production bureau level. Technical experts in exploration, development and economics divisions of our Branches in each oil field collectively prepare the initial report on reserves estimation. The reserves management committees at production bureau level then review to ensure the qualitative and quantitative compliance with technical guidance and accuracy and reasonableness of the reserves estimation. We also engage outside consultants who assist us to be in compliance with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission rules and regulations. Our reserves estimation process is further facilitated by a specialized reserves database which is reviewed and updated periodically.

Oil and Natural Gas Production

In 2019,2020, we produced an average of 1,160.381,168.6 thousand BOE per day in China, of which approximately 58.9%58.3% was crude oil and 41.1%41.7% was natural gas. We produced an average of 96.985.8 thousand BOE per day overseas, of which 98.3%98.05% was crude oil and 1.7%1.95% was natural gas.

The following tables set forth our average daily production of crude oil and natural gas for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2019.2020. The production of crude oil includes condensate.

Lifting Cost & Realized Prices

The following table sets forth our average lifting costs per BOE of crude oil produced, average sales prices per barrel of crude oil and average sales prices per thousand cubic meters of natural gas for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2019.2020.

(1)         The exchange rates we used for overseas data in this table were exchange rates for each year ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, which were RMB 6.7518 to US$ 1.00, RMB 6.6204 to US$ 1.00 and RMB 6.8985 to US$1.00, respectively.

Exploration and Development Activities

In 2019,2020, under the environment of low oil prices, we prioritized low-costpressed ahead with high quality exploration and high-qualityprofit-oriented development, accelerated the systematic integration of natural gas production, supply, storage and marketing, and achieved tangible results in maintaining oil production, increasing gas output and cutting cost. In exploration, activities. Wewe continued our effortsto strengthen risk exploration in exploration activities, focused on increasing efficiencystrategic areas, oil and effectiveness, continuously reducing our inefficientgas rich zones and shale resources, which led to new discoveries in Tarim Basin, Sichuan Basin and Bohai Bay Basin. In crude oil development, we efficiently proceeded with the capacity building of Shunbei and other oilfields, strengthened fine development in mature fields, intensified EOR technology breakthrough and application, and consolidated the basis for steady production. In natural gas development, we constantly pushed forward capacity building in Weirong and West Sichuan gas fields, expanded the market and sales, and continuously improved the sales volume with a record high domestic market share. The Company’s production of oil and high cost activities,gas reached 459.02 million barrels of oil equivalent, with domestic crude production reaching 249.52 million barrels and completed the construction of the second phase of our Fuling shalenatural gas project and the first phase of our Weirong shale gas project.production totalled 1,072.3 billion cubic feet, up by 2.3% year on year.

The following table sets forth the numbers of our exploratory and development wells, including a breakdown of productive wells and dry wells we drilled during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2019.2020.