Notes to Selected Consolidated Financial Information:

Dividends

Decisions regarding the payment and amount of dividends are subject to approval by holders of a majority of the Series “A” Shares and Series “B” Shares voting together, generally, but not necessarily, on the recommendation of the Board of Directors, as well as a majority of the Series “A” Shares voting separately. Emilio Azcárraga Jean indirectly controls the voting of the majority of the Series “A” Shares and, as a result of such control, both the amount and the payment of dividends require his affirmative vote. See “Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions — The Major Stockholders”. On March 25, 2004, our Board of Directors approved a dividend policy under which we currently intend to pay an annual ordinary dividend of Ps.0.35 per CPO. On April 28, 2016, at our general stockholders’ meeting, our stockholders approved a cash distribution to stockholders of up to Ps.1,084.2 million, which represents the payment of our ordinary dividend of Ps.0.35 per CPO, equivalent to Ps.0.002991452991 per share. On April 28, 2017, at our general stockholders’ meeting, our stockholders approved a cash distribution to stockholders of up to Ps.1,084.2 million, which represents the payment of our ordinary dividend of Ps.0.35 per CPO, equivalent to Ps.0.002991452991 per share. On April 27, 2018, at our general stockholders’ meeting, our stockholders approved a cash distribution to stockholders of up to Ps.1,073.4 million, which represents the payment of our ordinary dividend of Ps.0.35 per CPO, equivalent to Ps.0.002991452991 per share. On April 29, 2019, at our general stockholders’ meeting, our stockholders approved a cash distribution to stockholders of up to Ps1,068.9Ps.1,068.9 million, which represents the payment of our ordinary dividend of Ps.0.35 per CPO, equivalent to Ps.0.002991452991 per share. To further maximize liquidity and as a precautionary measure, the Company's Board of Directors did not propose the payment of a 2020 dividend for approval of the Company's general stockholders’ meeting held on April 28, 2020. On April 28, 2021, at our general stockholders’ meeting, our stockholders approved a cash distribution to stockholders of up to Ps.1,053.4 million, which represents payment of our ordinary dividend of Ps0.35 per CPO, equivalent to Ps0.002991452991 per share. All of the recommendations of the Board of Directors related to the payment and amount of dividends were voted on and approved at the applicable general stockholders’ meetings.

Exchange Rate Information

Since 1991, Mexico has had a free market for foreign exchange and, since 1994, the Mexican government has allowed the Peso to float freely against the U.S. Dollar. There can be no assurance that the government will maintain its current policies with regard to the Peso or that the Peso will not depreciate or appreciate significantly in the future.

In the past, the Mexican economy has had balance of payment deficits and decreases in foreign exchange reserves. While the Mexican government does not currently restrict the ability of Mexican or foreign persons or entities to convert Pesos to U.S. Dollars, we cannot assure you that the Mexican government will not institute restrictive exchange control policies in the future, as has occurred from time to time in the past. To the extent that the Mexican government institutes restrictive exchange control policies in the future, our ability to transfer or to convert Pesos into U.S. Dollars and other currencies for the purpose of making timely payments of interest and principal of indebtedness, as well as to obtain foreign programming and other goods, would be adversely affected. See “— Risk Factors — Risk Factors Related to Mexico — Currency Fluctuations or the Devaluation and Depreciation of the Peso Could Limit the Ability of Our Company and Others to Convert Pesos into U.S. Dollars or Other Currencies, Which Could Adversely Affect Our Business, Financial Condition or Results of Operations”.

Risk Factors

The following is a discussion of risks associated with our company and an investment in our securities. Some of the risks of investing in our securities are general risks associated with doing business in Mexico. Other risks are specific to our business. The discussion below contains information, among other things, about the Mexican government and the Mexican economy obtained from official statements of the Mexican government as well as other public sources. We have not independently verified this information. Any of the following risks, if they actually occur, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or the price of our securities.

Risk FactorsFactors Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 Pandemic May Have a Material Adverse Effect on Our Business, Financial Position and Results of Operations

The COVID-19 pandemic may have a material adverse effect onhas affected our business, financial position and results of operations althoughfor the year ended December 31, 2020, and it is currently difficult to predict the degree of the impact. The COVID-19 pandemic is significantly affectingimpact in the global economy due to the disruption or slowdown of supply chains and the increase in economic uncertainty, as evidenced by the increase in volatility of asset prices, exchange rates and decreases in long-term interest rates.future.

We cannot guarantee that conditions in the bank lending, capital and other financial markets will not continue to deteriorate as a result of the pandemic, or that our access to capital and other sources of funding will not become constrained, which could adversely affect the availability and terms of future borrowings, renewals or refinancings. In addition, the deterioration of global economic conditions as a result of the pandemic may ultimately reduce the demand of our products across our segments as our clients and customers reduce or defer their spending.

The Mexican Government is still implementing the plan to reactivate economic activities in accordance with color-based phases determined on a weekly basis in every state of the country.

Pursuant to the above mentioned plan, as of the date of this report, some non-essential economic activities are open with some limitations, mainly on capacity and hours of operation. However, a significant part of the population is still implementing social distancing and shelter-in-place policies. As a result, during the year ended December 31, 2020, this has affected, and other policies to limit the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic that have been implemented or recommended by governmental entities in Mexico and other areas around the world have beenis still affecting the ability of our employees, suppliers and customers to conduct their functions and businesses in their typical manner. The Mexican Government ordered

As of the suspensiondate of all non-essential economic activities from March 30, 2020 through April 30, 2020, and later extended such suspension until May 30, 2020 for most parts of Mexico, including the largest metropolitan areas. Media and telecommunications are not included in the suspension asthis report, given that they are considered essential economic activities. Notwithstanding the foregoing,activities, we have continued operating our essentialmedia and telecommunications businesses promotinguninterrupted to continue benefiting the “stay at home” policy whenever possible, in order to take safetycountry with connectivity, entertainment and cautionary measures for our employees, alonginformation, and, during most of the year ended December 31, 2020, we continued with the corporate campaign “Televisa is with you/Stay at Home with Televisa.” We have taken strictproduction of new content following the requirements and health controls and precautions for the personnel who need to work on-site for the operation of our essential businesses. For more details on the Company’s efforts related to this, please see “Information on the Company—Business Overview—Business Strategy—Commitment to Sustainability.”

Furthermore, as the pandemic evolves in Mexico, additional restrictions are being and may continue to be enacted, such as, among others, the reduction of public transportation as well as restrictions on private transportation, recently enacted in the Mexico City metropolitan area, in which we operate most of our businesses.

As a result of the social distancing policies implemented or recommended by governmental entities in Mexico, our Cable and Sky operations have shown, during the first days of the recommended restrictions, an increase in gross additions and/or sales, which may or may not be temporary. Notwithstanding the foregoing, we may see a decline in these businesses if there are adverse macroeconomic conditions in Mexico and the rest of the markets where we operate.

With regards to our content business, the demand for advertising has been and may continue to be affectedguidelines imposed by the reduction in the level of economic activity in the jurisdictions in which our customers are located, as well as by the uncertainty caused by the pandemic and its duration.Mexican Government. We are partially dependent on the demand for advertising from consumer-focused companies, and the COVID-19 pandemic has caused, and could further cause, advertisers to reduce postpone or in a few cases, eliminatepostpone their advertisement spending on our platforms, or to re-negotiate the terms and conditions of their existing agreements with us. Much of our production of new content has been curtailed or suspended in response to social distancing and shutdown requirements and health guidelines.platforms.

In addition,our Other Businesses segment, sporting orand other entertainment events for which we have broadcast rights, or which we organize, promote and/or are located in venues we own, are operating with some limitations and taking the corresponding sanitary measures, and to date most of our casinos have been, orresumed operations with reduced capacity and hours of operation. When local authorities approve the re-opening of the venues that are still not operating, rules may be cancelled or postponed. Moreover, local authorities have enacted, several rules pursuant toincluding restrictions on capacity and operating hours, which they have instructedmay affect the temporary closingresults of non-essential businesses, including casinos, and as a result our gaming operations have been suspended until the cancellations of governmental measures imposedOther Businesses segment in the regions wherefollowing months.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the authorities may impose further restrictions on essential and non-essential activities, based on then existing circunstances, including, but not limited to, temporary shutdowns or additional guidelines which could be expensive or burdensome to implement, which may affect our casinos are located.operations.

The magnitude of the impact on our business will depend on the duration and extent of the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of federal, state, local and foreign governmental actions, including continued or future social distancing, and consumer behavior in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and such governmental actions. Due to the evolving and uncertain nature of this situation, we are not able to estimate the full extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, but it may have a material adverse effect oncontinue affecting our business, financial position and results of operations over the near, medium or long-term.

To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic and the measures adopted by the authorities to contain it adversely affect our business and financial results, they may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section.

We cannot predict what effects the COVID-19 relief plan recently announced by the Mexican Federal Government will have in our results of operations and the overall economy

On March 30, 2020, the Mexican General Health Council declared a public health emergency, and on March 31, 2020, the Mexican Ministry of Health announced extraordinary actions to deal with the health emergency caused by the outbreak of the COVID-19 virus. The announcement by the Mexican Ministry of Health ordered the suspension of all non-essential economic activities from March 30, 2020 through April 30, 2020 and was laterhas been extended until May 30, 2020 for most parts of Mexico, including the largest metropolitan areas.several times since then. Media and telecommunications are not included in the suspension as they are considered essential economic activities. Such suspension has already caused negative impacts on the Mexican economy that cannot currently be quantified, and as a result of such, many of our customers’ businesses will be materially and negatively affected and will encounter significant difficulties in terms of maintaining profitability. Although vaccination efforts have started countrywide since January 2021, the Mexican Government is still implementing the plan to reactivate economic activities in accordance with color-based phases determined on a weekly basis in every state of the country.

On April 6, 2020, Mexico’s Federal Government unveiled a plan to provide relief from the COVID-19 crisis. This plan consists mainly of increases in public investment and social spending, providing loans to small businesses and individuals and adopting additional austerity measures. However,The abovementioned plan suffered a significant number of changes as the pandemic progressed, with the last one announced on January 19, 2021, and there remains substantial uncertainty as to the mechanics and processes necessary to implement some of the measures provided for in this plan. Furthermore, the plan currently doeshas not includeincluded bailouts, tax cuts or increases in public debt, although such measures could be adopted in the future.debt. The success of these strategies is uncertain as well as the effect that the pandemic will have on our customers and on our business, financial position and results of operations over the near, medium or long-term.

Risk Factors Related to Mexico

Economic and Political Developments in Mexico May Adversely Affect Our Business, Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Most of our operations and assets are located in Mexico. As a result, our financial condition, results of operations and business may be affected by the general condition of the Mexican economy, the depreciation or appreciation of the Peso as compared to the U.S. Dollar and other currencies, Mexican inflation, interest rates, regulation, taxation, social instability and other political, social and economic developments in or affecting Mexico over which we have no control.

Mexico Has Experienced Adverse Economic Conditions, Which Could Have a Negative Impact on Our Results of Operations and Financial Condition

Mexico has historically experienced uneven periods of economic growth. Mexican gross domestic product, or GDP, increased by2.0% in 2017, increased by 2.0% in 2018, and decreased by 0.1% in 2019.2019 and decreased by 8.5% in 2020. Mexican GDP growth fell short ofshowed a larger contraction than the Mexican government forecasts in 20192020 and, according to analysts, Mexican GDP is expected to decreaseincrease in a range between -3.7%4.5% – 9.0%4.7% in 2020.2021. We cannot assure you that these estimates and forecasts will prove to be accurate.

Any future economic downturn, including downturns in the United States, Europe, Asia or anywhere else in the world, could affect our financial condition and results of operations. For example, demand for advertising may decrease both because consumers may reduce expenditures for our advertisers’ products and because advertisers may reduce advertising expenditures and demand for publications, cable television, direct-to-home, or DTH, satellite services, pay-per-view programming, telecommunications services and other services and products may decrease because consumers may find it difficult to pay for these services and products. Additionally, there can be no assurance that the recent Mexican sovereign debt rating downgrade will not adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or the price of our securities. Finally, the economic recovery is uncertain due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Developments and the Perception of Risk in other Countries, Especially in Europe, China, the United States and Emerging Market Countries, May Materially Adversely Affect the Mexican Economy, the Market Value of Our Securities and Our Results of Operations

The market value of securities of Mexican companies, the social, economic and political situation in Mexico and our financial condition and results of operations are, to varying degrees, affected by economic and market conditions in other countries, including the United States, China and other Latin American and emerging market countries. Therefore, investors’ reactions to developments in any of these other countries may have an adverse effect on the market value or trading price of securities of Mexican issuers. Crises in the United States, Europe, China or emerging market countries may reduce investor interest in securities issued by Mexican companies, including those issued by us.

Recent turmoilTurmoil in other large economies, such as those in Europe,, China and the United States, could have the effect of a downturn in the global economy, such as the recession in 2008.economy. Further, our operations, including the demand for our products or services, and the price of our securities, have also historically been adversely affected by increases in interest rates in the United States and elsewhere.

Any of these factors, would negatively affect the market value of oursecurities and make it more difficult for us to access capital markets and finance our operations in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, prospects and the market price of our securities.

In addition, in recent years economicEconomic conditions in Mexico have become increasinglyare significantly correlated with economic conditions in the United States as a result ofthe North American Free Trade Agreement, or NAFTA, and increased economic activity between the two countries. Adverse economic conditions in the United States or other related events could have a significant adverse effect on the Mexican economy, which could adversely affect our business.business, financial condition and results of operations. As a result of talks to renegotiate NAFTA, on November 30, 2018 (and as amended on December 10, 2019), the United States, Canada, and Mexico signed the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA). The USMCA was finally, which has been approved by the Mexican Senate, on June 19, 2019, by the U.S. Senate, on January 16, 2020, and by Canada on March 13, 2020.Canada. In addition, increased or perceptions of increased economic protectionism in the United States and other countries could potentially lead to lower levels of trade and investment and economic growth, which could have a similarly negative impact on the Mexican economy. These economic and political consequences could adversely affect our business, financial condition and our results of operations.

We cannot assure you that events in other emerging market countries, in the United States or elsewhere will not materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, prospects and the market price of our shares. In addition, there ismay be lingering uncertainty in global markets stemmingresulting from the departure of the United Kingdom’s exitKingdom from the European Union (“Brexit”). The formal notification by the United Kingdom to the European Council under Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union was made on March 29, 2017, triggering a two-year period during which the terms of Brexit were negotiated. On January 21, 2020, the agreement of transitional provisions for Brexit prepared under European Union law was approved in the British Parliament and, with this vote, the United Kingdom officially began its departure fromleft the European Union on January 31, 2020. Trade laws of the European Union will continue to apply until the expiration of2020 and the transition period which will takethat was in place between them ended on December 31, 2020. This deadline may be extended in light of COVID-19 disruptions toOn December 24, 2020, the European Union/United Kingdom and European Union agreed to a post-Brexit trade negotiations.and cooperation agreement that contains new rules governing (inter alia) trade, travel and immigration. Brexit is likely to have a significant impact on the macroeconomic conditions of the United Kingdom, the European Union and the rest of the world. In the days following Brexit, the performance of global financial markets, particularly international stock markets, could be significantly affected, since immediately following the Brexit vote, there were significant devaluations of the British pound. The long-term effects of Brexit on capital markets, foreign exchange markets and on the overall political and macroeconomic situation globally remain uncertain and, as a consequence, there will likely continue to be a period of instability and volatility in global financial markets. As a result, Brexit may adversely affect political regulatory, economic and market conditions and contribute to the instability of global political institutions, regulatory agencies and financial markets, negatively impacting our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our profitability is affected by numerous factors including reductions in demand for the services provided in our cable and sky divisions, changes in viewing preferences, priorities of advertisers and reductions in advertisers’ budgets. Historically, advertising in most forms of media has correlated positively with the general condition of the economy and thus, is subject to the risks that arise from adverse changes in domestic and global economic conditions, consumer confidence and spending. The demand for our products and services in Mexico, the U.S. and in the other countries in which we operate may be adversely affected by the tightening of credit markets and economic downturns. As a global company that operates in different countries, we depend on the demand from customers in Mexico, the U.S. and the other countries in which we operate, and reduced consumer spending that falls short of our projections could adversely impact our revenues and profitability.

Uncertainty in Global Financial Markets Could Adversely Affect Our Financing Costs and Exposure to Our Customers and Counterparties

The global financial markets continue to be uncertain and it is hard to predict for how long the effects of the global financial stress of recent years will persist and what impact it will have on the global economy in general, or the economies in which we operate, in particular, and whether slowing economic growth in any countries could result in decreased consumer spending affecting our products and services. If access to credit tightens further and borrowing costs rise, our borrowing costs could be adversely affected. Difficulties in financial markets may also adversely affect some of our customers. In addition, we enter into derivative transactions with large financial institutions, including contracts to hedge our exposure to interest rates and foreign exchange, and we could be affected by severe financial difficulties faced by our counterparties.

Currency Fluctuations or the Devaluation and Depreciation of the Peso Could Limit the Ability of Our Company and Others to Convert Pesos into U.S. Dollars or Other Currencies, Which Could Adversely Affect Our Business, Financial Condition or Results of Operations

The Peso has been subject to significant depreciation against the U.S. Dollar in the past and may be subject to significant fluctuations in the future.A significant portion of our indebtedness and a significant amount of our costs are U.S. Dollar-denominated, while our revenues are primarily Peso-denominated. As a result, decreases in the value of the Peso against the U.S. Dollar could cause us to incur foreign exchange losses, which could reduce our net income.

Severe devaluation or depreciation of the Peso may also result in governmental intervention, or disruption of international foreign exchange markets. This may limit our ability to transfer or convert Pesos into U.S. Dollars and other currencies for the purpose of making timely payments of interest and principal on our indebtedness and adversely affect our ability to obtain foreign programming and other imported goods. The Mexican economy has suffered current account balance of payment deficits and shortages in foreign exchange reserves in the past.While the Mexican government does not currently restrict the right or ability of Mexican or foreign persons or entities to convert Pesos into U.S. Dollars or to transfer other currencies outside of Mexico, there can be no assurance that the Mexican government will not institute restrictive exchange control policies in the future. To the extent that the Mexican government institutes restrictive exchange control policies in the future, our ability to transfer or convert Pesos into U.S. Dollars or other currencies for the purpose of making timely payments of interest and principal on indebtedness, as well as to obtain imported goods would be adversely affected. Devaluation or depreciation of the Peso against the U.S. Dollar or other currencies may also adversely affect U.S. Dollar or other currency prices for our debt securities or the cost of imported goods.

The public decisions and announcements of the presidential administration in the United States have had, and may continue to have, an adverse effect on the value of the Peso against other currencies, particularly the U.S. Dollar. The decision by the U.S. Federal Reserve to increase applicable interest rates for bank reserves could also affect the exchange rate of the Peso relative to the U.S. Dollar. The economic instability caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a high volatility of the foreign exchange rate, including a significant devaluation of the Peso with respect to the U.S. Dollar. See “— Risk Factors Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic—The COVID-19 Pandemic May Have a Material Adverse Effect on Our Business, Financial Position and Results of Operations.”

An Increase in Interest Rates in the United States Could Adversely Impact the Mexican Economy and May Have a Negative Effect on Our Financial Condition or Performance

A decision by the U.S. Federal Reserve to increase applicable interest rates for banks’ reserves may lead to a general increase in interest rates in the United States. This, in turn, may redirect the flow of capital from emerging markets into the United States because investors may be able to obtain greater risk-adjusted returns in larger or more developed economies than in Mexico. Thus, companies in emerging market economies such as Mexico could find it more difficult and expensive to borrow capital and refinance existing debt. This may negatively affect our potential for economic growth and our ability to refinance our existing debt and could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, prospects and the market price of our shares.

Renegotiation of the Trade Agreements or Other Changes in Foreign Policy by the New or Current Presidential Administration in the United States Could Adversely Affect Imports and Exports Between Mexico and the United States and Other Economic and Geopolitical Effects may Adversely Affect Us

During the last few years there has been uncertainty regarding U.S. policies related to trade, tariffs, immigration and foreign affairs, including with respect to Mexico. The presidential election to be held on November 3, 2020 in the United States and the new U.S. administration either stemming from President Trump's possible re-election or from a new president, in the event of a Democratic party victory, could lead to a number of changes in the relationship between Mexico and the United States.

Additionally, other government policies in the United States that the current Trump administration may adopt could also adversely affect economic conditions in Mexico. The current relationship between the Mexican and U.S. governments, as well as political and economic factors in each country, could lead to changes in international trade and investment policies, including new or higher taxes on products imported from Mexico to the United States. The events described above could affect our activities, financial situation, operating results, cash flows and/or prospects, as well as the market price of our shares. Other economic and geopolitical effects could adversely affect us.

Given that the Mexican economy is heavily influenced by the economy of the United States, the implementation of the USMCA and/or other government policies in the United States that the Federal administration may adopt could adversely affect economic conditions in Mexico. On September 30, 2018, Mexico, Canada and the United States reached an agreement on the terms and conditions of the USMCA, replacing NAFTA. On June 19, 2019, Mexico became the first country to ratify the USMCA, followed by the United States on January 16, 2020 and Canada on March 13, 2020. The USMCA includes a 16-year sunset clause, under which the terms of the agreement expire, or are suspended, after 16 years and is subject to review every six years, at which time the United States, Mexico and Canada may decide whether to extend the USMCA. The implementation of the new terms of the USMCA could have an adverse effect on the Mexican economy,including the level of imports and exports, which could in turn adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.results of operations. Other economic and geopolitical effects, including those related to United States policy on trade, tariffs and immigration, may also adversely affect us.

In addition, in June 2019, the Trump administration announced plans to impose an escalating series of tariffs on Mexico unless the Mexican government enacted certain immigration policy changes. While the Mexican and U.S. governments were able to reach an understanding, we cannot assure you that such understanding will remain in place or that the U.S. government will not impose other tariffs on Mexico in the future and that we will not be materially adversely affected by such tariffs or policies.

High Inflation Rates in Mexico May Decrease Demand for Our Services While Increasing Our Costs

In the past,, Mexico has experienced high levels of inflation. The annual rate of inflation, as measured by changes in the Mexican National Consumer Price Index, or NCPI, was 6.8% in 2017, 4.8% in 2018, 2.8% in 2019, 3.2% in 2020 and is projected to be 3.2%4.1% in 2020.2021. An adverse change in the Mexican economy may have a negative impact on price stability and result in higher inflation than its main trading partners, including the United States. High inflation rates can adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations in, among others, the following ways:

High Interest Rates in Mexico Could Increase Our Financing Costs

In the past, Mexico had, and may year, Mexican interest rates have decreased in the future have, high real and nominal interest rates.line with global market movements. The interest rates on 28-day Mexican government treasury securities averaged 6.7%7.6%, 7.6%7.9% and 7.8%5.3% for 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2019,2020, respectively. High interest rates in Mexico could increase our financing costs and thereby impair our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.flow and we cannot assure that this trend will remain in the future.

Political Events in Mexico Could Affect Mexican Economic Policy and Our Business, Financial Condition and Results of Operations

TheThe last Mexican presidential and congressional elections took place in July 2018. Andrés Manuel López Obrador, presidential candidate for the National Regeneration Movement Party (Movimiento de Regeneración Nacional) (“Morena”), was elected President of Mexico and took office on December 1, 2018. Additionally, Mexican congressional elections tookwill take place in July 2018, resulting in Morena being part ofon June 6, 2021. In these elections, it will be determined whether the coalition led by Morena, “Together we will make history” (Juntos HaremosHacemos Historia), together with the Labor Party (Partido del Trabajo) and the Social Encounter Party (Partido Encuentro Social), obtaining an absolutewill maintain their current majority. Mexico’s next federal legislative election will be in July 2021.

TheMexican government has reduced public spending insince 2019. On July 2, 2019, the new Mexican Republican Austerity Law (Ley de Austeridad Republicana) was approved by the Mexican Senate. Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by changes in governmental policies or regulations involving or affecting our management, operations and tax regime. Tax policy in Mexico, in particular, is subject to continuous change.

Wecannot predict the government’s future policies, considering thator whether the coalition which currently has control of an absolute majority of congress could maintain it and, if such coalition or any political force may implement substantial changes in law, policies and regulations in Mexico, which could have a significant effect on our business, activities, financial condition, operating results, cash flows and/or prospects. As happens with any new governmental policies and regulations, we cannot ascertain whether, and to what extent, such policies and regulations may affect our operations, financial condition, results of operations or the legal framework in which we operate.

Mexico has Experienced a Period of Increased Criminal Activity and Such Activities Could Adversely Affect Our Financing Costs and Exposure to Our Customers and Counterparties

During recent years, Mexico has experienced a period of increased criminal activity and violence, primarily due to organized crime. These activities, their escalation and the violence associated with them could have a negative impact on the business environment in which we operate, and therefore on our financial condition and results of operations.

Imposition of Fines by Regulators and Other AuthoritiesCould Adversely Affect Our Business, Financial Condition and Results of Operations

A significant portion of our business, activities and investments occur in heavily regulated sectors. The Mexican regulators and other authorities, including tax authorities, have increased their supervision and the frequency and amounts of fines and assessments have increased significantly. Although we intend to defend our positions vigorously when procedures are brought or fines are imposed by authorities, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in such defense. Accordingly, we may in the future be required to pay fines and assessments that could be significant in amount, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Existing Mexican Laws and Regulations or Changes Thereto or the Imposition of New Ones May Negatively Affect Our Operations and Revenue

Our business, activities and investments are subject to various Mexican federal, state and local statutes, rules, regulations, policies and procedures, which are subject to change and are affected by the actions of various Mexican federal, state and local government authorities. Such changes could materially adversely affect our operations and our revenue.

Mexico’s Federal Antitrust Law and theLey Federal de Telecomunicaciones y Radiodifusión, or Telecommunications and Broadcasting Federal Law, or LFTR, including their regulations, may affect some of our activities, including our ability to introduce new products and services, enter into new or complementary businesses or joint ventures and complete acquisitions. In addition, the Federal Antitrust Law and its regulations, as well as the conditions and measures imposed by theInstituto Federal de Telecomunicaciones, or Federal Telecommunications Institute, or IFT, an institute with constitutional autonomy responsible for overseeing the broadcasting (radio and television) and telecommunications industries and their antitrust matters, or by theComisión Federal de Competencia Económica, or Mexican Antitrust Commission, or COFECE, may adversely affect our ability to determine the rates we charge for our services and products or the manner in which we provide our products or services. Approval of IFT or the COFECE, as applicable, is required to acquire certain businesses or enter into certain joint ventures. There can be no assurance that in the future IFT or the COFECE, as the case may be, will authorize certain acquisitions or joint ventures related to our businesses, the denial of which may adversely affect our business strategy, financial condition and results of operations. IFT or COFECE, as applicable, may also impose conditions, obligations and fines that could adversely affect some of our activities, our business, strategy, our financial condition and results of operations. See “— Imposition of Fines by Regulators and Other Authorities Could Adversely Affect Our Business, Financial Condition and Results of Operations”.

As a result of the amendments to the Mexican Constitution and the LFTR relating to telecommunications, television, radio and antitrust, concessions for the use of spectrum are now only granted through public bid processes.

In March 2015, IFT issueda ruling announcing Grupo Radio Centro, S.A.B. de C.V., or Grupo Radio Centro, and Cadena Tres I, S.A. de C.V., or Imagen Television as winning bidders for two free to air broadcasting licenses with separate national coverage. Imagen Television has completed the process, has received its license and began broadcasting on October 17, 2016. However, since Grupo Radio Centro failed to pay the amount they bid for their free to air broadcasting license, the IFT’s ruling announcing them as a winning bidder was declared null and void and they did not receive the license. As a result, the auction of the portion of the spectrum that was going to be assigned to Grupo Radio Centro took place during 2017. The new bid was for 148 channels for Digital Terrestrial Television, including at least 123 channels that were not allocated in the IFT-1 bidding process for the two national digital broadcast television networks. At the end of the process, offers were received for 32 channels located in 29 different coverage areas located in 17 States and covering about 45 percent of the country’s total population. The bidding process concluded in December 2017 with the issuance of the corresponding concession titles in favor of Compañía Periodística Sudcaliforniana, S.A. de C.V., Comunicación 2000, S.A. de C.V., Francisco de Jesús Aguirre Gómez, Intermedia de Chihuahua, S.A. de C.V., José Guadalupe Manuel Trejo García, Multimedios Televisión, S.A. de C.V., Quiero Media, S.A. de C.V., Radio Comunicación Gamar, S.A. de C.V., Radio Operadora Pegasso, S.A. de C.V., Radio-Televisión de Nayarit, S.A. de C.V., Tele Saltillo, S.A. de C.V., Televisión Digital, S.A. de C.V. and Telsusa Televisión México, S.A. de C.V.

Article 15-A of theLey del Seguro Social,, or the Social Security Law, could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Article 15-A provides that a company that receives personnel servicesfrom a third party, on any of the company’s premises with such personnel under its control, is jointly bound to comply with the obligations related to social security that have to be fulfilled by such personnel services providers for the benefit of their respective employees. Article 15-A also requires the Company to send a list to theInstituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, or the Social Security Mexican Institute, of all agreements entered into with personnel services providers.

In addition to the foregoing, certain provisions of theLey Federal del Trabajo, or the Federal Labor Law, could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The Federal Labor Law, as amended in November 2012,April 2021, provides, among other things, that subcontracting personnel is prohibited and only will be permitted if the personnel services provider performs specialized services or specialized work; however such specialized services or work shall not be contemplated in the company’s corporate purpose or be related with the company’s main activities. Companies that provide outsourcing agreements must meet certain requirements.services will be required to complete a registration before the Mexican Ministry of Labor (Secretaría del Trabajo y Previsión Social). If these requirements are not met, the company that receives the benefit of the outsourced services mightshall be deemed to be the employer of the personnel performing the services and thus required to comply withjointly liable for all the obligations applicable to employers pursuant to the Federal Labor Law in respect of such personnel. Fines and penalties may be imposed on companies that do not comply with all applicable obligations, and the use of simulated schemes of rendering specialized services or execution of specialized work, as well as subcontracting personnel, will be treated as a criminal offense.

The amendment approved in April 2021 brings, as a consequence, changes to the social security, tax and labor laws. The objective of such amendment is to avoid the subcontracting schemes.

This amendment also stated that the amount of profit sharing to be paid to employees will be capped to three months of salary or the average amount received by the employee in the last three years, whichever is more favorable to the employee. A tax implication of this amendment is that invoices issued for disallowed subcontracting of personnel will not have tax effects (i.e., non-deductible expense for income tax purposes and inability to claim a value added tax credit on such expense).

In December 2018, the Mexican Federal Congress approved the economic plan for 2019. The new plan did not include material changes in the tax legislation like tax amnesty or new taxes. The tax reforms revoked the ability to offset overpayments of different type of taxes and granted some incentives for certain taxpayers, as follows:

Limitation to use overpayments of VAT and income tax to offset other taxes: Prior to December 2018, taxpayers were able to offset overpayments of different type of taxes against each other and against taxes withheld. With the tax reform, this ability was eliminated and taxpayers are only allowed to offset tax overpayments that derive from the same type of tax. This limitation may affect some of our subsidiaries that recurrently have VAT or Income Tax overpayments but could offset those overpayments against each other (i.e. VAT against income tax). As of January 2019, taxpayers will only be able to (i) request a refund of the overpayment or (ii) offset tax overpayments against the same type of tax.

Tax incentives for taxpayers operating in the Northern Border Region of Mexico:The objective of these incentives is to promote productivity and create new sources of employment in the Northern Border Region of Mexico. These tax incentives became effective on January 1, 2019 and willwere expected to remain in force until December 2020. Nevertheless, on December 30, 2020, the decree in which these incentives were granted was amended to extend its validity until December 2024.

Income tax reduction: Mexican individuals and entities, and residents abroad with permanent establishment in Mexico that receive income exclusively in the Northern Border Region of Mexico from their business activities will be able to apply a tax credit equal to one-third of the income tax corresponding to that income. In order to apply this tax incentive, an authorization must be obtained from the corresponding tax authority. Once the authorization is obtained, several rules shall be taken into consideration in order to retain the tax incentive.

VAT rate reduction: Mexican individuals and entities that sell goods, render independent services, or grant the temporary use of goods in establishments located within the Northern Border Region of Mexico, may apply a tax credit equivalent to 50% of the VAT ordinary rate (16% to be reduced to 8%). In order to be able to apply the tax credit, taxpayers must submit an application notice to the corresponding tax authority.

In December 2019, the Mexican Federal Congress approved some additional reforms to the economic plan for 2020. These 2020 tax reforms include amendments to the Income Tax Law, the Value Added Tax Law, the Special Tax on Production and Services Law and the Federal Tax Code, they became effective as of January 2020. Some of the most relevant changes to the Mexican tax legislation incorporated some of the Actions included in the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Final Report (BEPS) published by the OrganisationOrganization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in February 2013, such as: (i) limitations to the deduction of interests as well as to some other deductions, (ii) update of the Controlled Foreign Corporation (CFC) Rules, (iii) new provisions to tax transparent entities, (iv) modification of the definition of permanent establishment, and (v) incorporation of new rules to tax digital economy. Some other relevant amendments to avoid tax evasion include (i) a new obligation of tax advisors and taxpayers to disclose reportable schemes and (ii) inclusion of general anti-avoidance rule. The following are some of such tax reforms, which some of them impact us:

Limitation of the deductibility of net interest expense. In accordance with the recommendations of Action 4 “Limiting Base Erosion Involving Interest Deductions and Other Financial Payments” of the BEPS Final Project and in addition to the existing thin capitalization rules, the interest deduction is limited to 30% of the adjusted tax profit. The limitation applies to the amount of interests that derive from debt exceeding Ps.20 million considering all interests of all companies that are members of the same corporate group. This limitation applies regardless of whether the debt or loan was acquired before January 2020. The amount of interest not deductible in a given year because of this limitation can be carried forward to the following 10 years, provided that certain requirements are met. There are some exceptions provided in this rule for debt financing public infrastructure work projects, real estate construction, and productive governmental enterprises.

Controlled foreign companies rules. The complete provisions of this regime were changed to apply some of the recommendations included in the Action 3 “Designing Effective Controlled Foreign Company Rules”. The changes include a new definition of effective control and the strengthening of the requirements needed for not considering income subject to a preferential tax regime. In addition, new provisions were added to set new rules for taxing income obtained through foreign transparent entities or figures, and therefore avoid differing the payment of tax derived from this type of vehicle.

New rules to tax digital economy. As part of the measures to increase the efficiency in the collection of VAT and according to the recommendations of Action 1 “Tax Changes Arising from Digitalization” of the BEPS Final Project, a new chapter was included in the Value Added Tax Law to include the VAT treatment applicable to certain digital services provided in Mexico from non-Mexican residents with no permanent establishment. Beginning June 2020, non-Mexican residents providing digital services in Mexico will have to collect the VAT derived from such services and will have several obligations, among others, registering in the Federal Taxpayers Registry, filling periodical VAT returns and issuing invoices.

Reportable schemes. Taxpayers and their tax advisors will be required to disclose to tax authorities certain reportable schemes that are listed in the Federal Tax Code. Tax advisors will be required to register and to disclose any reportable scheme in case they participate in its design, organization, implementation, or management. Taxpayers will be required to disclose a reportable scheme if the scheme is designed, organized, managed, or implemented by themselves and if the tax advisor does not report the scheme.

General anti-avoidance rule. A general anti-avoidance rule was enacted to identify transactions that lack a business reason and that generate a tax benefit, once it identifies the transactions, the authority could consider them as non-existent or characterize them as a different transaction for tax purposes only. A transaction is considered lacking a business reason when (i) the expected quantifiable economic benefit is lower than the tax benefit received and (ii) when the expected quantifiable economic benefit could have been obtained through fewer transactions and the tax effect may result in a higher tax burden. A tax benefit includes any reduction, deferral, or elimination of a contribution.

In December 2020, the Mexican Federal Congress approved amendments to the Income Tax Law, Value Added Tax and Federal Tax Code as part of the economic plan for 2021.

Regarding the Income Tax Law, several changes were made to the general regime applicable to tax-exempt organizations that aimed to control and restrict the application of such regime to ensure that only the companies that perform non-profit activities benefit from the dispositions of such regime. Another important amendment was the decrease of the rate of annual withholding tax applicable to the capital that produces interest paid by the financial system, which changed from 1.45% to 0.97%.

In terms of value added tax, derived from the entry into force of the tax digital economy dispositions, some more dispositions were included to specify the way to comply with those obligations, as well as penalties to ensure such compliance. 

The AmendmentAmendments to the Regulations of the General Health Law on Advertising Could Materially Affect Our Business, Results of Operations and Financial Condition

On February 14, 2014, the Mexican Ministry of Health published in the Official Gazette of the Federation an amendment to the Regulations of the General Health Law on Advertising, pursuant to which advertisers of certain high-caloric foods and non-alcoholic beverages are required to obtain prior permission from the health authorities in order to advertise their products on radio, broadcast television, pay-TV and in movie theaters (the “Health Law Amendment”). The Health Law Amendmentbecame effective on April 16, 2014 and comprehensive guidelines entitled “Guidelines with nutritional and advertising criteria for advertisers of food and non-alcoholic beverages for obtaining permission for the advertising of their products with respect to the provisions of Articles 22 bis and 79 of the Regulations of the General Health Law on Advertising” (the “Health Law Guidelines”) were published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on April 15, 2014 and became effective on July 7, 2014 for the advertisement of the following products: snacks, flavored drinks, candies, chocolates, or foods similar to chocolates and became effective for the remaining products on January 1, 2015.

The Health Law Guidelines restrict the hours that certain high-caloric foods and non-alcoholic drinks can be advertised. These restrictions do not apply when the advertisement is aired during certain programs such as sports, dramas, news programs, series officially rated as unsuitable for children, films with ratings of B, B15, C and D, and programs where the advertiser certifies through audience research that people between the ages of 4 and 12 represent no more than 35% of the audience and receives the prior consent from the Federal Commission for the Protection Against Health Risks.

On March 27, 2020, the Mexican Ministry of Economy published in the Official Gazette of the Federation an amendment to the Mexican Official Standard NOM-051-SCFI/SSA1-2010 (General labeling specifications for pre-packaged food and non-alcoholic beverages – commercial and health information) (the “NOM-051 Amendment”), which incorporates new prohibitions and guidelines in the front design of food and non-alcoholic beverage labels. The NOM-051 Amendment establishes a five-year transition period, coming into force in three phases. As of April 1, 2021, the use of characters, drawings, celebrities, athletes or pets in labels of pre-packaged food and non-alcoholic beverages to promote their consumption is prohibited, and the use of warning labels for pre-packaged products with saturated fats, high sugars or sweeteners that have one or more warning labels of saturated fats, high sugars or the legend of sweeteners is mandatory.

We cannot predict the impact or effect that suchthe NOM-051 Amendment and/or the Health Law Amendment might have or continue to have on our results of operations in the future.

The Reform and Addition of Various Provisions of the Mexican Constitution Related to Telecommunications, the LFTR, and Other Recent Actions of IFT May Significantly and Adversely Affect the Business, Results of Operations and Financial Results of Some of Our Business Segments

Any regulations related to the LFTR that could be issued by the President of Mexico and IFT, as applicable, or amendments to the LFTR and certain actions recently taken by IFT, or to be taken by IFT from time to time, affect or could significantly and adversely affect the business, results of operations and financial condition of certain of our subsidiaries that provide services in the areas of broadcasting, cable and telecommunications.

The LFTR provides that measures taken or decisions issued by IFT are not subject to judicial stay. Therefore, subject to limited exceptions, until a decision, action or omission by IFT is declared void or unconstitutional by a competent court through a binding and final judgment, IFT’s decision, action or omission will be valid and will have full legal effect.

As a result of the reforms to the Mexican Constitution and the must-offer and must-carry regulations issued by IFT, starting on September 10, 2013, our concessionaries of broadcast services have been required to permit pay-TV concessionaries to retransmit broadcast signals, free of charge and on a non-discriminatory basis, within the same geographic coverage area simultaneously and without modifications, including advertising, and with the same quality of the broadcast signal, except in certain specific cases provided in the transitory Articles of the June 2013 Telecom Reform (the “Telecom Reform”). Also, since September 10, 2013, our pay-TV concessionaires are required to retransmit broadcast signals of free television concessionaires, free of charge and on a non-discriminatory basis, subject to certain exceptions and additional requirements provided for in the Telecom Reform.

Certain pay-TV concessionaries benefit from the free use of broadcast for retransmission to their subscribers. Consequently, the business that licenses to pay-TV concessionaires our television signals and our subsidiary that is the owner and/or licensor of the audiovisual works that we have produced or distributed, jointly or separately by us and some of our subsidiaries, have ceased receiving significant income from licensing retransmission rights, which has affected and will continue to affect their results of operations.

On February 27, 2014, the “General Guidelines Regarding the Provisions of Section 1 of the Eighth Article of the Transitory Decree Amending and Supplementing a Number of Provisions of Articles 6, 7, 27, 28, 73, 78, 94 and 105 of the Mexican Constitution in Telecommunications,” or the Guidelines, were published in the Official Gazette of the Federation, which include, among other obligations, the obligation of concessionaires of broadcast television licenses to permit the retransmission of their broadcast signals and the obligation of pay-TV concessionaires to perform such retransmission (without requiring the prior consent of the broadcast television concessionaires) in the same geographic coverage zone for free (subject to certain exceptions) and in a non-discriminatory manner in its entirety, simultaneously and without modifications, including advertising, and with the same quality of the broadcast signal without requiring consent from the broadcast television concessionaires.

On March 6, 2014, IFT issued a decision (the “Preponderance Decision”) whereby it determined that we, together with other entities with concessions to provide broadcast television, including some of our subsidiaries, are preponderant economic agents in the broadcasting sector in Mexico (together, the “Preponderant Economic Agent”). The Preponderance Decision imposes on the Preponderant Economic Agent various measures, terms, conditions and restrictive obligations, some of which are described below, that may significantly and adversely affect the activities and businesses of our broadcasting businesses, as well as the results of operations and financial condition:

On February 27, 2017, as part of thebiannual review of the broadcasting sector preponderance rules, IFT amended various measures, terms, conditions and restrictive obligations (the “New Preponderance Measures”) as follows:

The most recent biannual review of the broadcasting sector preponderance rules began in 2019 and a new resolution, which may amend the New Preponderance Measures, will be issued in 2020.

On March 28, 2014, we, together with our subsidiaries determined to be the Preponderant Economic Agent in the broadcasting sector, filed anamparoproceeding challenging the constitutionality of the Preponderance Decision. On November 21, 2019, the Supreme Court resolved theamparo proceeding. The Court declared the constitutionality of the Preponderance Decision, which, therefore, remains in force.

Additionally, on March 31, 2017, we, together with our subsidiaries, filed anamparo proceeding challenging the constitutionality of the New Preponderance Measures. The final resolution is still pending.On November 21, 2019, the Second Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice granted the amparo and revoked the New Preponderance Measures. As a result, the applicable and valid measures that are in force are those issued under the Preponderance Decision.

The most recent biannual review of the broadcasting sector preponderance rules that began in 2019 was concluded due to the resolution of the amparo.

The Telecom Reform provided for a public bid or auction to grant licenses to establish the National Digital Networks. The “Auction Program for Digital Television Broadcast Frequencies” took place in 2014 and the first part of 2015.See “— Existing Mexican Laws and Regulations or Changes Thereto or the Imposition of New Ones May Negatively Affect Our Operations and Revenue”.