UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 20-F

 

¨REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

 

xANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 20112012

 

OR

 

¨TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

 

¨SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of event requiring this shell company report ____________

For the transition period from ____________ to ___________

 

Commission File Number: 333-7480

INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Bachoco Industries

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

 

The United Mexican States
(Jurisdiction of incorporation
or organization)

 

Avenida Tecnologico No. 401

Ciudad Industrial C.P. 38010

Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico.


(Address of principal executive offices)

 

Daniel Salazar Ferrer

Avenida Tecnologico No. 401

Ciudad Industrial C.P. 38010

Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico

Telephone: (+011-52-461-618-3555)

Facsimile: (+011-52-461-611-6502)

Email: inversionistas@bachoco.net

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class Name of each exchange on which
registered
American Depositary Shares, each
representing twelve Series B Shares.
 New York Stock Exchange
Series B Shares.

 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:None

 

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:None

 

Indicate the number of outstanding Shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report:

 

Series B Capital Stock: 600,000,000 Shares

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

 

Yes ¨      Nox

  

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

 

Yes xNo¨

 

Note:     Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days:

 

Yes x      No¨

  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

 

Yes xNo¨

  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

Large accelerated filer¨Accelerated filerxNon-accelerated filer¨

 

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

 

U.S. GAAP¨International Financial ReportingOtherx¨
 Standards as issued by the International 
 Accounting Standards Board       ¨x 

If “Other has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statements item the registrant has elected to follow:

 

Item 17¨      Item 18 x¨

  

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

 

Yes ¨      Nox

 

(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)

  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 23 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by the court.

 

Yes ¨      No¨

 

ii
 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

  Page
   
PART I 3
7
ITEM 1.Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers37
ITEM 2.Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable37
ITEM 3.Key Information37
A.Selected Financial Data3
7
B.Capitalization and Indebtedness6
10
C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds6
10
D.Risk Factors6
10
ITEM 4.Information on the Company1115
A.History and Development of the Company11
15
B.Business Overview13
17
C.Organizational Structure23
26
D.Property, Plant and Equipment24
27
ITEM 4.A.Unresolved Staff Comments2529
ITEM 5.Operating and Financial Review and Prospects2529
A.Operating Results26
30
B.Liquidity and Capital Resources34
38
C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.37
41
D.Trend Information37
41
E.Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements37
41
F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations37
41
G.Safe Harbor38
42
ITEM 6.Directors, Senior Management and Employees3842
A.Directors and Senior Management38
42
B.Compensation44
47
C.Board Practices4447

iii

D.Employees44
49
E.Share Ownership45
49
ITEM 7.Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions4549
A.Major Shareholders45
50
B.Related Party Transactions46
50
C.Interests of Experts and Counsel47
51
ITEM 8.Financial Information4752
A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information47
52
B.Significant Changes48
53
ITEM 9.The Offer and Listing4953
A.Offer and Listing Details49
53
B.Plan of Distribution50
55
C.Markets50
55
D.Selling Shareholders50
56
E.Dilution50
56
F.Expenses of the Issue50
56
ITEM 10.Additional Information5056
A.Share Capital50
56
B.Memorandum and Articles of Association50
56
C.Material Contracts59
65
D.Exchange Controls59
65
E.Taxation59
65
F.Dividends and Paying Agents65
72
G.Statement by Experts65
72
H.Documents on Display65
72
I.Subsidiary Information6673

ii
 

ITEM 11.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk6673
ITEM 12.Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities6774
iv

A.Debt Securities67
74
B.Warrants and Rights67
74
C.Other Securities67
74
D.American Depository Receipts6775
   
PART II 69
76
ITEM 13.Default, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies6976
ITEM 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds6976
ITEM 15.Controls and Procedures6977
ITEM 16.[Reserved]7179
ITEM 16.A.Audit Committee Financial Expert7179
ITEM 16.B.Code of Ethics7279
ITEM 16.C.Principal Accountant Fees and Services7279
ITEM 16.D.Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees7280
ITEM 16.E.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers7380
ITEM 16.F.Changes in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant7481
ITEM 16.G.Corporate Governance7581
ITEM 16.H.mine safety disclosure86
   
PART III 81
86
ITEM 17.Financial Statements8186
ITEM 18.Financial Statements8186
ITEM 19.Exhibits8186
Index of Exhibits8186

viii
 

Introduction

 

Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. is a holding company with no operations other than holding the stock of its subsidiaries. Our principal operating subsidiary istwo main subsidiaries are Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. (“BSACV”), which ownslocated in Mexico, and Bachoco USA, LLC, located in the principal operating assets of IndustriasUnited States (or U.S.). Bachoco S.A.B. de C.V. and accountedUSA, LLC is a subsidiary we formed on March 2, 2012 to serve as the holding company for 81.37% of consolidated total assets on December 31,O.K. Industries, Inc., the American poultry company we acquired in November 2011.

References herein to “Bachoco,” “we,” “us,” “our,” “its” or the “Company” are, unless the context requires otherwise, to Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and its consolidated subsidiaries as a whole.

 

Additionally, references herein to “OK Industries” or “OK Foods” are, unless the context requires otherwise, to Bachoco, USA LLC and its consolidated subsidiaries as a whole.

We are incorporated under the laws of the United Mexican States (“Mexico”), but we have operations in both in Mexico and in the U.S.United States. Our principal executive offices are located in Mexico at Avenida Tecnologico No. 401, Ciudad Industrial, C.P.zip code 38010, Celaya, State of Guanajuato, Mexico, and our telephone number is +52(461)618-3555.+52 (461) 618 3555.

 

Presentation of Information

We publish our financial statements in Mexican pesos and present our financial statements in accordance with Mexican Financial Reporting Standards (“Mexican FRS”). Information from the years 2008 to 2011, does not include the recognition of the effects of inflation, while financial information is presented in constant pesos as of December 31, 2007, based on the Mexican National Consumer Price Index (NCPI) published by Banco de Mexico (the “Central Bank”).

Mexican FRS B-10 supersedes Bulletin B-10 Recognition of the effects of inflation on the financial information and its five amendment documents as well as the related circulars and Interpretation of Financial Reporting Standards. The principal considerations established by this FRS are:

Recognition of the effects of inflation – An entity operates in (a) an inflationary economic environment when cumulative inflation over the immediately preceding 3-year period is equal to or greater than 26.0%; and (b) a non-inflationary economic environment, when inflation over the aforementioned period is less than 26.0%. For more detail, see Note 2-d) in our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

With respect to (a) above, similarly to the superseded Bulletin B-10, the comprehensive recognition of the effects of inflation is required. For case (b), the effects of inflation are not recognized; however, at the effective date of this FRS and when an entity ceases to operate in an inflationary economic environment, the restatement effects determined through the last period in which the entity operated in an inflationary economic environment (in our case 2007), must be kept and shall be reclassified on the same date and using the same procedure as that of the corresponding assets, liabilities and stockholders' equity. Should the entity once more operate in an inflationary economic environment, the cumulative effects of inflation not recognized in the periods where the environment was deemed to be non-inflationary should be recognized retrospectively.Currency

 

Except as otherwise indicated, all data in the financial statements included below in Item 18 (which together with the attached notes constitute our “Audited Consolidated Financial Statements”) and the selected financial information included throughout this Form 20-F (this “Annual Report”) have been presented in millions of nominal pesos forunless otherwise indicated. References herein to “pesos” or “Ps.” are to the years ended December 31, 2008 through 2010, except for year 2007 that is expressed in constant pesos for the year ended December 31, 2007.lawful currency of Mexico.

 

Mexican FRS differs in certain respects from generally accepted accounting principles inReferences herein to “dollars”, “U.S. dollars”, “U.S.$” or “$” are to the lawful currency of the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). For a discussion of certain significant differences between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP as they apply to us, together with a reconciliation of consolidated operating income, consolidated net income, consolidated stockholders’ equity to U.S. GAAP, and a consolidated statement of cash flows under U.S. GAAP, see Note 23 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements. The effect of price-level restatement under Mexican FRS has not been reversedAmerica, except that "$" is also used for pesos in the reconciliation to U.S. GAAP. See Note 23 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

This Annual Report contains translations of certain peso amounts into dollars at specified rates solely for the convenience of the reader. Unless otherwise indicated, such dollar amounts have been translated from pesos at an exchange rate of Ps 12.87 to $1.00 dollar, the exchange rate on December 31, 2012, according to theBanco de Mexico (or the “Central Bank”).

Accounting Practices

In January 2009, the MexicanComision Nacional Bancaria y de Valores (Mexican Banking and Securities Commission (Comision Nacional Bancaria y de Valores,or “CNBV”) published certain amendments to the Rules for Public Companies and other participants in the Mexican Securities Market (Disposiciones de Caracter General Aplicables a las Emisoras de Valores y a otros Participantes del Mercado de Valores – the “Rules”) that require public companies to report financial information in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”), effective as of January 1, 2012.

 

OnFollowing these amendments, on January 1, 2012, we adopted IFRS, meeting the CNBV requirements. The Company must release its first quarter, 2012 unaudited results under IFRS, no later than May 2, 2012. IFRS differs in certain significant respectsAt the same time, our financial statements as of and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011, and the opening balance as of Janua ry 1, 2011, were converted from Mexican FRS. See Note 22Financial Reporting Standards (MFRS) to IFRS to make them comparable to our financial statements for fiscal year 2012.

Our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for a descriptionincluded elsewhere in this Annual Report have been prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, or IASB.

Bachoco prepared its opening statement of financial position under IFRS as of January 1, 2011, following the principal differences amongguidance set forth by IFRS 1, First time adoption (“IFRS 1”). The options selected by Bachoco in the migration to IFRS and Mexican FRSthe effects on its opening statement of financial position as they applyof January 1, 2011, according to us.

References hereinIFRS 1, as well as the effects on its statement of financial position as of December 31, 2011, and its statements of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2011, as compared to “U.S. dollars,” “U.S. $” or “$”Bachoco’s previously reported amounts under MFRS, are described in note 33 to the lawful currency of the United States of America, except that "$" is also used for pesos in theour Audited Consolidated Financial Statements. References herein to “pesos” or “Ps.” are to the lawful currency of Mexico. This Annual Report contains translations of certain peso amounts into U.S. dollars at specified rates solely for the convenienceStatements included elsewhere in this annual report.

The rules and regulations of the reader. Unless otherwise indicated,Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, do not require foreign private issuers that prepare their financial statements on the basis of IFRS (as published by the IASB) to reconcile such financial statements to U.S. dollar amounts have been translated from pesos at an exchange rate ofPs 13.97GAAP. As such, while Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. has in the past reconciled its consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with MFRS to US $1.00,U.S. GAAP, those reconciliations are no longer presented in Bachoco’s filings with the exchange rate on December 31, 2011.SEC.

Other References

 

As used herein, theBachoco’s production volume is measured in “tons”, which term “tons” refers to metric tons of 1,000 kilograms, (equalequal to 2,204.6 pounds) andpounds; the term “billion” refers to one thousand million (1,000,000,000). One square meter

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

The body of generally accepted accounting principles is commonly referred to as “GAAP.” For this purpose, a non-GAAP financial measure is generally defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) as a numerical measure of a company’s historical or financial performance, financial position or cash flows that excludes amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of excluding amounts, that are included in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP in the statement of comprehensive income, statement of financial position or statement of cash flows (or equivalent statements) of the company; or includes amounts, or is subject to 10.764 square feet.adjustments that have the effect of including amounts, that are excluded from the most directly comparable measure so calculated and presented.

The Company discloses in this Annual Report the so-called non-GAAP financial measures, EBITDA result, Adjusted EBITDA result, EBITDA margin, Adjusted EBITDA margin and Net debt. EBITDA result is defined as profit before income tax expense (benefit), comprehensive financial income (expense), net and depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA result is defined as profit before income tax expense (benefit), comprehensive financial income (expense), net, depreciation and amortization and other expense (income), net. EBITDA margin is defined as EBITDA result divided by total net revenues. Adjusted EBITDA margin is defined as Adjusted EBITDA result divided by total net revenues. Net debt is defined as long-term debt (including the current portion) minus cash and cash equivalents. The non-GAAP financial measures of EBITDA result, Adjusted EBITDA result, EBITDA margin and Adjusted EBITDA margin are not a substitute for the GAAP measure of net income. Rather, these measures are provided as additional information to complement the GAAP measure of net income by providing further understanding of the Company’s results of operations from management’s perspective. Additionally, the non-GAAP financial measure of Net debt is not a substitute for the GAAP measure of Total debt. Rather, this measure is provided as additional information to contemplate the GAAP measure of Total debt by providing further understanding of the Company’s debt obligations. Accordingly, they should not be considered in isolation nor as a substitute for an analysis of the Company’s financial performance, liquidity or debt obligations.

Company management believes that disclosure of these non-GAAP measures are an important supplemental measure of the Company’s operating performance and debt obligations because investors, financial analysts and other interested parties frequently use EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Net debt in the evaluation of other companies in the same industry in which the Company operates.

 

Market Data

 

This Annual Report contains certain statistical information regarding the Mexican chicken, beef, egg and balanced feed (or “feed”), turkey and swine markets and our market share. markets. We have obtained this information from a variety of sources, including the producers’ associations but not limited to;Union Nacional de Avicultores (the National Poultry Union or the “UNA”), theConsejo Nacional Agropecuario (the National Agricultural Council or “CNA”de Fabricantes de Alimentos Balanceados y de la Nutricion Animal, A.C. (or “CONAFAB”); , the U.S. Department of Agriculture (or “USDA”), and theBanco the Mexico, among others.

Other sources of statistical information used by the Company includeConsejo Mexicano de Porcicultura (the Mexican Pork Council or “CMP”), as well as Banco de Mexico (the Central Bank), Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganaderia, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentos (“Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fishing and Food” or “SAGARPA”) and publications of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (“USDA”). , among others.

The producers’ associations rely principally on data provided by their members. Information for which no source is cited was prepared by us on the basis of our knowledge of the Mexican chicken, egg, feed, turkey and swine markets and the wide variety of information available regarding these markets. The methodology and terminology used by different sources are not always consistent, and data from different sources are not readily comparable.

 

Forward-LookingForward-looking Statements

 

We may from time to time make written or oral forward-looking statements in our periodic reports to the Securities and Exchange Commission (or “SEC”)SEC on Forms 20-F and 6-K, in our annual report to stockholders, in offering circulars and prospectuses, in press releases and other written materials and in oral statements made by one of our officers, directors or employees to analysts, institutional investors, representatives of the media and others.

Examples of such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: (i) projections of revenues, income (or loss), earnings (or loss) per share, capital expenditures, dividends, capital structure or other financial items or ratios; (ii) statements of our plans, objectives or goals or those of our management, including those relating to new contracts; (iii) statements about future economic performance; and (iv) statements of assumptions underlying such statements. Words such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “expect,” “intend,” “target,” “estimate,” “project,” “predict,” “forecast,” “guideline,” “should” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements.

Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties, and a number of unexpected changes could cause actual results to deviate from our plans, objectives, expectations, estimates and intentions. We recognize that the accuracy of our predictions and our ability to follow through on our intentions depend on factors beyond our control. The potential risks are many and varied, but include unexpected changes in: economic, weather and political conditions; raw material prices; competitive conditions; and demand for chicken, eggs, turkey, balanced feed, beef and swine.

 

PART I

 

ITEM 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 3. Key Information

 

A.Selected Financial Data

 

The financial information set forth below is derived from our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements, which are included in Item 18. We provide details on the figures and year-to-year changes in our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

In preparing our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements, we followed Mexican FRS, which differ in certain respects from U.S. GAAP. Note 23 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements provides a description of the main differences between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP as they apply to us, a reconciliation from Mexican FRS to U.S. GAAP of total stockholders’ equity, net income, and a condensed statement of cash flows under U.S. GAAP as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 and for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009.

The table settables below presentspresent our key financial information.information for the fiscal years indicated. Except as otherwise indicated, the amounts are presented in millions of nominal pesos, except per share amounts, which are presented in pesos in accordance with IFRS.

INCOME STATEMENT DATA   
In millions of pesos As of December 31, 
  2011  2012  In millions of
U.S. dollars
2012
 
Net revenues Ps.27,735.0  Ps.39,367.4  $3,058.8 
Cost of sales  24,797.0   33,318.2   2,588.8 
Gross profit  2,938.0   6,049.2   470.0 
General, selling and administrative expenses  2,974.7   3,396.7   263.9 
Other income (expenses), net  1,000.0   (23.8)  (1.9)
Operating income  963.2   2,628.8   204.3 
Net finance income  177.6   165.0   12.8 
Income tax  (38.6)  602.0   46.8 
Controlling interest  1,177.3   2,184.6   155.3 
Non-controlling interest  2.1   7.2   0.6 
Profit for the year  1,179.4   2,191.8   170.3 
Basic and diluted earnings per share(1)  1.96   3.65   0.28 
Basic and diluted earnings per ADR(2)  23.52   43.80   3.40 
Dividends per Share(3)  0.50   0.50   0.04 
Weighted average Shares outstanding (thousands)  599,822   598,960   598,960 
(1)Net income per basic and diluted share has been computed based on the weighted average number of basic and diluted shares.
(2)Each ADR represents twelve shares.
(3)Dividends per share have been computed by dividing the total amount of dividends paid by the weighted average shares outstanding.
MARGINS As of December 31, 
  2011  2012 
Gross margin  10.6%  15.4%
Operating margin  3.5%  6.7%
Margin for the year  4.3%  5.6%

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION DATA
In millions of pesos As of January 1,  As of December 31, 
  2011  2011  2012  In millions
of U.S.
dollars
2012
 
Total assets Ps.21,197.8  Ps.24,717.3  Ps.28,040.2  $2,178.7 
Cash and cash equivalents  3,967.9   2,625.7   4,179.5   324.7 
Primary financial instruments  209.3   410.7   962.0   74.7 
Total liabilities Ps.4,767.8  Ps.7,337.5  Ps.8,951.5  $695.5 
Short-term debt(1)  139.9   1,453.0   1,197.1   93.0 
Long-term debt  507.1   384.4   1,526.6   118.6 
Total stockholders’ equity Ps.16,430.0  Ps.17,379.8  Ps.19,088.7  $1,483.2 
Capital Stock  1,174.4   1,174.4   1,174.4   91.3 

(1)Includes notes payable to banks and current portion of long-term debt.

Other Indicators

The tables set below present key indicators for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2008 through 2011,to 2012.

VOLUME SOLD BY BUSINESS LINE
  As of December 31, 
  2008  2009  2010  2011  2012 
Sales volume (thousands of tons):  1,411.2   1,418.4   1,473.3   1,606.3   1,861.6 
Chicken  878.1   918.1   983.9   1,072.7   1,341.7 
Eggs  143.6   143.4   141.9   133.2   143.5 
Balanced feed  370.7   337.9   327.5   378.8   351.4 
Other business lines  18.8   19.0   20.0   21.6   25.0 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES
  As of December 31, 
  2008  2009  2010  2011  2012 
Total employees:  23,248   24,065   23,473   25,326   25,272 
In Mexico  23,248   24,065   23,473   22,473   22,048 
In the U.S.  0   0   0   2,853   3,224 

Gross Domestic Product, Inflation Rate and in constant pesos for the year ended December 31, 2007.

                 In millions of
U.S. dollars
 
Income Statement Data 2007  2008  2009  2010  2011  2011 (1) 
       
Mexican FRS:                        
Net revenues Ps.18,219.6  Ps.20,125.3  Ps.23,262.9  Ps.24,715.5  Ps.27,735.0  US. $1,985.3 
Cost of sales  14,477.9   17,482.5   19,326.8   19,500.7   24,773.2   1,773.3 
Gross profit  3,741.8   2,642.9   3,936.1   5,214.8   2,961.8   212.0 
Operating income  1,496.3   230.1   1,413.8   2,463.0   9.9   0.7 
Comprehensive financing income (loss)  19.1   (1,369.2)  (133.2)  122.1   177.6   12.7 
Net controlling interest income (loss)  1,270.9   (879.0)  797.6   1,983.4   157.0   11.2 
Net consolidated income (loss) per Share(2)  2.1   (1.5)  1.3   3.3   0.27   0.02 
Net consolidated income (loss) per ADS(3)  25.4   (17.5)  16.0   39.7   3.18   0.23 
Dividends per Share(4)  0.59   0.59   0.42   0.42   0.50   0.04 
Weighted average Shares outstanding (thousands)  600,000   600,000   600,000   600,000   600,000   600,000 
                         
U.S. GAAP:                        
Net revenues Ps.18,219.6  Ps.20,125.3  Ps.23,262.9  Ps.24,715.5  Ps.27,735.0   1,985.3 
Operating income  1,481.0   185.6   1,391.0   2,400.3   (8.5)  (0.6)
Net controlling interest income (loss)  1,261.9   (869.4)  787.0   1,975.0   1,178.6   84.4 
                         
Statement of Financial Position Data                        
Mexican FRS:                        
Cash and cash equivalents(6) Ps.3,039.9  Ps.1,998.2  Ps.2,399.1  Ps.3,967.9  Ps.    2,625.7   188.0 
Primary financial instruments  0.0   0.0   151.8   209.3   410.7   29.4 
Total assets  19,116.4   19,455.0   19,877.9   21,197.8   23,169.9   1,658.5 
Short-term debt(5)  58.8   234.2   591.9   139.9   1,453.0   104.0 
Long-term debt  50.8   391.7   372.0   507.1   384.4   27.5 
Total stockholders’ equity  15,127.2   14,079.4   14,638.5   16,368.4   16,269.1   1,164.6 
Capital Stock  2,294.9   2,294.9   2,294.9   2,294.9   2,294.9   164.3 
                         
U.S. GAAP:                        
Total controlling interest equity  15,071.7   13,786.7   14,329.2   16,052.8   17,017.4   1,218.1 
                         
Selected Operating Data                        
Sales volume (thousands of tons):                        
Chicken  837.2   878.1   918.1   983.9   1,072.7     
Eggs  147.8   143.6   143.4   141.9   133.2     
Balanced Feed  438.8   370.7   337.9   327.5   378.8     
Swine and Others  16.1   18.8   19.0   20.0   21.6     
Margins (Mexican FRS)                        
Gross margin (%)  20.5%  13.1%  16.9%  21.1%  10.7%    
Operating margin (%)  8.2%  1.1%  6.1%  10.0%  0.0%    
Consolidated net margin (%)  7.0%  (4.4)%  3.5%  8.0%  0.6%    
                         
Total employees  23,088   23,248   24,065   23,473   25,326     

(1) Peso amounts have been translated into U.S. dollars, solely for the convenience of the reader, at the rate of Ps.13.97 per U.S. dollar.

(2) Net income per share has been computed based on the weighted average number of common Shares outstanding.

(3) Each ADS represents twelve shares.

(4) Dividends per share have been computed by dividing the total amount of dividends paid by the weighted average Shares outstanding.

(5) Includes notes payable to banks and current portion of long-term debt.

(6) For the years 2007 and 2008 the cash and cash equivalents amount includes primary financial instruments.CETES

 

The chart below includes Mexican gross domestic product (“GDP”) and Inflation Rate data from 20072008 to 2011, as provided by the Central Bank,2012, and the average interest rates on 28-day Mexican treasury bills (“CETES”), as provided by the Central Bank.

 

GDP, INFLATION RATE AND CETES DATAGDP, INFLATION RATE AND CETES DATA
       
YearYear  GDP  Inflation Rate  CETES  GDP  Inflation Rate  CETES 
2007   3.3%  3.80%  7.2%
20082008   1.3%  6.50%  7.6%  1.3%  6.50%  7.6%
20092009   (6.5%) 3.57%  5.4%  (6.5)%  3.57%  5.4%
20102010   5.5%  4.40%  4.4%  5.5%  4.40%  4.4%
20112011   3.9%  3.82%  4.3%  3.9%  3.82%  4.3%
              
2012  3.9%  3.57%  3.9%

On April 17, 2012,2013, the 28-day Cetes28 day CETES rate was 4.33%3.81%.

Exchange Rates

In 2007, the Mexican peso remained reasonably stable in its peso-dollar exchange rate. According to the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank, the peso depreciated with respect to the U.S. dollar by 1.1% at year-end. The average value of the Mexican peso was 0.2% lower than the average of 2006.

 

In 2008, the exchange rate of the peso against the U.S. dollar was highly volatile. While during the first half of the year, the Mexican peso strengthened its position with respect to the U.S. dollar, the Mexican peso experienced a steep depreciation during the second half of the year and the peso-dollar exchange rate at year-end had depreciated by 21.0% with respect to December 31, 2007.

 

During 2009, although the Mexican peso-dollar exchange rate depreciated during the first half of 2009, the peso stabilized and strengthened its position in the second half of 2009, leading the Mexican peso-dollar exchange rate to appreciate 5.4% in 2009 with respect to the exchange rate in effect on December 31, 2008.

 

In 2010, the Mexican peso strengthened its position during the year as compared to the dollar, appreciating approximately 5.3% since the end of 2009, while the inflation rate for 2010 was 4.40%.

 

During the first half of 2011, the exchange rate of the peso to the dollar was stable, showed an average rate of Ps.11.89 per one dollar. This stability changed drastically during the second half of the year, were we observed a higher average rate peso-dollar of Ps.12.97, with a final depreciation of 13.0% by the end of the year with respect to year-end of 2010.

 

In 2012, the Mexican peso strengthened its position during the year as compared to the U.S. dollar, according to the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank, with the average peso-dollar exchange rate being Ps. 13.15 and appreciated with respect to the U.S. dollar by 7.1% at year-end (or 7.9% according withBanco de Mexico’ statistics).

The following table sets forth the high, low, average and year-end exchange rates for the purchase and sale of US dollars (presented in each case as the average between such purchase and sale rates) for periods indicated:

   Exchange Rate(1) 
   In Mexican pesos per U.S. dollar 
Yearly  High  Low  Average(2)  Year end 
 2007   11.27   10.67   10.93   10.92 
 2008   13.94   9.92   11.14   13.83 
 2009   15.41   12.63   13.50   13.08 
 2010   13.19   12.16   12.62   12.38 
 2011   14.25   11.51   12.43   13.95(3)
 Monthly                 
 October 2011   13.93   13.10   13.44   13.17 
 November 2011   14.25   13.38   13.70   13.62 
 December 2011   13.99   13.49   13.77   13.95 
 January 2012   13.75   12.93   13.38   13.04 
 February 2012   12.95   12.63   12.78   12.79 
 March 2012   12.99   12.63   12.75   12.81 

(1) The exchange rates are the noon buying rates in New York City for cable transfers in pesos as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, (the “noon buying rate”).for periods indicated:

(2) Average of month-end rates for each period shown.

(3) The exchange rate for the year end for the Banco de Mexico was Ps.13.97 per one dollar.

EXCHANGE RATE
 
Yearly  (last 5 years) High  Low  Average(1)  Year-end 
2008 Ps.     13.94  Ps.9.92  Ps.11.14  Ps.13.83 
2009  15.41   12.63   13.50   13.08 
2010  13.19   12.16   12.62   12.38 
2011  14.25   11.51   12.43   13.95 
2012  14.37   12.63   13.15   12.96(2)
Monthly (last 6
months)
 High  Low  Average(1)  Year-end 
October 2012 Ps.13.09  Ps.12.71  Ps.12.90  Ps.13.09 
November 2012  13.25   12.92   13.06   12.92 
December 2012  13.01   12.72   12.87   12.96(2)
January 2013  12.79   12.59   12.70   12.73 
February 2013  12.88   12.63   12.72   12.78 
March 2013  12.80   12.32   12.50   12.32 
(1)Average of month-end rates for each period shown.
(2)The exchange rate for the year end for the Banco de Mexico was Ps.12.87 per one dollar.

 

On April 13, 2011,17, 2013, the exchange rate for cable transfers in pesos as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York was Ps.13.1460Ps. 12.23 per $1.00 US dollar.

5

B.Capitalization and Indebtedness

 

Not applicable

 

C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

 

Not Applicable

 

D.Risk Factors

 

The Company is exposed to a wide range of risks. Note that the order in which the below risks are described does not necessarily reflect the effect that any of the below risks would have on the Company.

Risks Related to Economic, Political and Regulatory Conditions

 

MexicanBachoco’s core businesses are performed in Mexico and in the United States; therefore its performance depends among other factors, on the economic conditions prevailing in those countries, and otherparticularly in Mexico. The Company's risk exposure related to economic conditions includes risks related to economic performance, exchange rates, interest rates, as well as other political, economic and market conditions in other countries,social events that may negatively affect the Company's performance.

Unfavorable economic conditions in Mexico or the United States, such as a recession or increases in interest and inflation rates could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and the market value of our securities.financial performance.

 

If the Mexican economy experiences decreased output inor U.S. economies experience a high inflation rate, recession or if inflation or interest rates significantly increase,economic slowdown, consumers may not be able to purchase our products. Theseproducts as usual, especially in Mexico, where these factors have a direct impact on the consumers, and other effects could have adverse consequences onas a consequence our business, financial condition and results of operations.earnings may be adversely affected.

High interest rates in Mexico or in the U.S. could adversely affect our costs. Ourcosts and our earnings may also be affected by changes in interest rates due to the impact those changes have on our variable-rate debt instruments and may benefit from the interest we earn on our cash balance.

 

Our market value (throughA strong variation in the tradingexchange rates between the peso and dollar could negatively affect our financial results, as a greater percentage of our shares listed onsales are made in pesos, and a large percentage of our raw material purchases are made in dollars.

Furthermore, the Mexican Stock Exchange (or “BMV”) and our American Depositary Shares (or “ADSs”), listed at the New York Stock Exchange (or “NYSE”), mayCompany could be adversely affected by negative economic and market conditions arisingprevalent in anythe U.S. or other countries. Evencountries, even when economic conditions in such countries may differ significantly from economic conditions in Mexico, as investors’ reactions to developments in any of these other countries may have an adverse effect on the Mexican securities.our Securities. Consequently, the market value of our securities may be adversely affected by events taking place outside of Mexico.Mexico or the U.S.

Political events and regulatory changes in México, including transition to a new presidential administration, could affect Mexican economic policyconditions and as a consequence, negatively affect our operations.

The Company has operations in both Mexico and the U.S., but is incorporated under the laws of Mexico, and a greater percentage of our sales are made in Mexico. Accordingly we foresee an impact mainly from negative developments in the political, regulatory and economic conditions in Mexico.

 

In July 2012, we will havehad presidential elections.elections, and as a result, the leadership party of Mexico changed. We cannot predict theany impact of this event inthe election results on future business conditions in México. Presidential electionsMexico. A new administration may result in governmentregulatory gridlock and political uncertainty,or on the contrary, it could result in a major regulatory change, which could have an adverse effect on Mexican economic policy and as a result, to affect our business, financial position and results of operations.

 

Depreciation or fluctuationAlthough the recent U.S. presidential election did not result in a change of the peso relative tonations' leadership, any political or regulatory change in the U.S. dollar could adversely affect our financial conditions, results of operations and the market price of our shares and ADSs.

The largest component of our cost of sales is the balanced feed. The main components of the balanced feed are corn and soybean meal. We buy an important percentage of grains in the U.S., priced in U.S. dollars.

In addition, the price of grain we purchase inregarding Mexico, may be influenced by U.S. commodity markets.

In addition, severe devaluation or depreciation of the peso may also result in disruption of the international foreign exchange markets and may limit our ability to transfer or to convert pesos into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making timely payments of interest and principal on our indebtedness and some accounts payable.

Therefore, if the peso falls relative to the U.S. dollar, the cost of our balanced feed, some accounts payable due and our debt payments would increase.

Furthermore, currency fluctuations will probably continue to affect our revenues and expenses.

Finally, fluctuations in the exchange rate between the peso and the U.S. dollar will also affect the U.S. dollar equivalent of the peso price of our shares (the “shares” or “Serie B Shares”) in the BMV and the price of American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) on the NYSE.

Because we pay cash dividends in pesos, exchange rate fluctuations will affect the U.S. dollar amounts received by holders of American Depository Receipts (“ADRs”) upon conversion of such cash dividends by The Bank of New York Mellon, our Depositary Bank.

U.S. and Other Economies Worldwide

Events affecting the U.S. economy may adversely affect our business, results of operations, prospects financial condition and our market value.

Economic conditions in Mexico are heavily influenced by global economic conditions, mainly the U.S. economy. This is due to various factors, such as the commercial trade pursuant to the North American Free Trade Agreement (“NAFTA”). Events and conditions affecting the U.S. economy may adversely affect our business, results of operations, prospects and financial condition.

U.S. economy slowdown may also negatively affect the results of our U.S. operation, since the demand and prices of chicken product in U.S. market depends partially on the global economic growth.

Investor’s reactions to economic conditions present in other economies worldwide, even when economic conditions in those countries may differ significantly from economic conditions in Mexico and, as a consequence, affect our financial performance.

Government regulations in Mexico and the U.S. could cause a material increase in the Company's costs of operations and thus could have a negative impact on our results of operations.

Every region that Bachoco operates is subject to extensive federal, state and foreign laws and regulations that govern the production, packaging, storage, moving and marketing in the food industry and the poultry industry in particular, including several provisions relating to the discharge of materials into the environment.

We may be subject to fines, closures of our facilities, asset seizures, injunctions or criminal sanctions if we are held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be non-compliant with any of the applicable laws and regulations.

The adoption of new regulations or changes in the prevailing regulatory environment governing the food industry may entail restrictions in the daily operation of our Company, or increases in our expenses or production costs, conditions that could negatively affect our financial results.

Additionally, the imposition of new taxes or changes in the existing tax rates in Mexico or the U.S. could have an adverse effect inimpact on our stock. Consequently,operations and, as a result, negatively affect our market value may be adversely affected by current events in other countries.financial results.

Risks Related to Bachoco and the Poultry Industry

 

Risks Relating to the Food Industry

Future cyclicality excess supply and downturns within the chicken industry may adversely affect our results.

The chickenpoultry industry in Mexico and the U.S., as well as the chicken industry in other countries has been characterized by a long-term decline in prices in real terms. The industry has undergone cyclical periods of higher prices and profitability, followed by overproduction, leading to periods of lower prices and profitability.

The market that we serve is subject to volatility with respect to supply and raw material prices, which affects our product prices. We cannot assure you that future cyclicality, excess supply, andincreases in main raw materials prices, or downturns in real prices will not adversely affect our financial results.

Increase in the price of feed ingredients and its volatility may adversely affect or margins and results of operations

 

The largest single component of our cost of sales is the cost of ingredientsgrains used to prepare balanced feed, including:including sorghum and corn, and some other ingredients such as: soybean meal corn, fish meal, meat meal and for certain chicken products, marigold extract, among others.

11

Increase or volatility in main raw materials prices may adversely affect or operating and financial results.

 

The price of most of these raw materials is subject to significant volatility resulting from weather conditions, the size of harvests, governmental agricultural policies, currency exchange rates, transportation, storage costs, and other factors.

Given the long-term declining trends in real chicken prices, we may experience difficulty or delays in passing through any increase in grain costs to our customers. Accordingly, increases in the prices of the main raw materials used in the preparation of feed may have a material adverse effect on our margins and results of operations.

 

Furthermore, the cost of corn in the U.S. may be affected by an increase in the demand of ethanol, which can reduce the supply of corn in the U.S. market, adversely affecting our operations in the U.S.

 

High prices or volatility in main raw materials, could adversely affect our production costs and as a consequence our financial results.

Excess in supply or downturns in product prices may adversely affect our operating and financial results.

Excess in chicken or eggs supply coupled with a weak demand for our products in the markets we operate may result in a downturn in prices for these products, and as a result, our operating margins and financial results could be negatively affected.

Raising animals and meat processing involve animal health and disease control risks, which can have an adverse impact on our results of operations.

 

Our operations in Mexico and in the U.S. depend on raising animals and meat processing, which are subject to risks such as diseases (like different types of influenza) and contamination.contamination during production, packaging, storage or distribution processes.

 

Live chickens and swine are susceptible to infections by a variety of microbiological agents. In the past we have experienced outbreaks of various diseasesagents that have resultedmay result in higher mortality rates, thanaffecting our average mortality rates.earnings and financial results.

 

Chicken,Our chicken, turkey, beef and eggs products are subject to contamination during its processing, packaging, distribution or distribution. To reduceconservation. Potential contamination we use specialized feedstock and nutritional supplements that have been approved by the competent authorities and meet international industry standards, among some other measures. However, potential contaminationof our products during processing, however, could affect a larger number of our products, which may have a significant impact on our results.

Additionally, our sales are entirely dependent on consumer preferences, and the loss of consumer confidence in the products sold by meat and egg producers as a result of disease, contamination or other reasons, even if not related to our own products, could have a material adverse effect on the results of our operations.

Hurricanes or other adverse weather conditions may result in additional losses of inventory and damage to our plants and equipment.

 

Natural disasters could significantly damage our facilities. Our facilities in Mexico are susceptible mainly to earthquakes and hurricanes. Our facilities near Mexico’s coast are most vulnerable to the risk of severe weather. Our U.S. facilities are located in Arkansas and Oklahoma, a region vulnerable to being hit by tornadoes. Extensive damage to these facilities could affect our ability to conduct our regular production, as a result, reduce our operation results.

Our growth through mergers, acquisitions or joint ventures may be impacted by challenges in integrating significant acquisitions.

We have made in the past, and may make in the future, certain acquisitions in order to continue our growth. Acquisitions involve risks, including, among others, the following: failure of acquired businesses to achieve expected results; inability to retain or hire key personnel of acquired businesses; inability to retain the same client and supplier base; and inability to achieve expected synergies and/or economies of scale. If we are unable to successfully integrate or manage our acquired businesses, we may not realize anticipated cost savings and revenue growth, which may result in reduced profitability or losses.

12

Increased competition may adversely affect our performance.

 

Both in Mexico and in the U.S. weWe face significant competition from other chicken producers in all of our geographic markets and product lines.

According to the UNA, we are Mexico’s largest chicken producer, but we face competition from other producers in all of the markets in which we sell our products. Each of the two other majorproducts, these chicken producers in Mexico hasalso have substantial financial resources and operating strengths in particular product lines and regions.

Our operations in the U.S. face significant competition from other chicken producers in all ofto directly compete with our geographic markets and product lines. According to the WATTPoultry USA ranking of U.S. poultry companies for 2010(©Copyright 2012 WATT Publishing Co. all rights reserved), our U.S. operations produced 2.1% of the total ready to cook pounds produced in the U.S. The top two companies in the U.S. produced 38.5% and the top ten produced 74.5%. Each of the top two companies in the U.S. has substantial financial resources and strengths in particular product lines and regions. We also face competition from other companies in the markets in which we sell our products.

Company. We expect to continue to face strong competition in every market, as our existing or new competitors are likely to broaden their product lines and extend their geographic markets. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that our performance will not be adversely affected by increased competition.

Elimination of tariff barriers may adversely affect our performanceperformance.

 

Since 2003,U.S. producers may increase exports to Mexico as chicken, (excluding leg quarters for which the Mexican government imposed some temporary restrictions), eggs and swine are free of import quotas were eliminated throughto Mexico according to the NAFTA.North American Free Trade Agreement (“NAFTA”). Poultry producers in the United States have developed extremely low-costlow cost production methods and have been successful in exporting primarily frozen and value-added poultry to other countries, especially in periods of overcapacity in the United States. As tariff barriers decline under NAFTA, U.S. producers can be expected to increase exports to Mexico, whichStates a condition that could have a material adverse effect on our performance.performance in Mexico.

Regulations on animal health and environmental changes in Mexico, could affect Mexican poultry industry conditions and as a consequence negatively affect our Company.

 

On January 1, 2008,Our processes are subject to several animal health and environmental regulations that include animal raising, transportation, packaging, storage and distribution regulations. Drastic changes in any of these regulations could negatively affect our daily operations and inability to supply our products, and as a consequence affect our financial results. It also may include the restrictions for leg quarters were phased out. At present there are no restrictions on exporting these productsimplementation of new processes or equipment to Mexico.comply with the new regulations, condition that may negatively affect our liquidity, as our capital investments could increase.

Our inability to maintain good relationships with our work force and its labor union, may affect our processes and as a consequence our financial results.

 

In February 2011, the Mexican SecretariaIf we are unable to maintain good relations with our employees and with our labor union we may be faced with significant work stoppages as a result of Economy initiated an antidumping investigation focusing exclusively on imports of leglabor problems, condition that may affect our processes and thigh meat for human consumption from the United States of America to Mexico. This investigation was requested by Bachoco and by two other Mexican poultry companies.our operating results.

On January, 2012 the Mexican Ministry of Economy (or “Ministry of Economy”) issued a preliminary ruling on the anti-dumping process regarding chicken leg quarters imported to Mexico from the United States. On its press releases the Ministry of Economy stated the following:

·There are dumping conditions on chicken leg quarters imported from the United States, including margins ranging from 62.90% to 129.77%.
·These practices damaged the Mexican poultry industry.
·The Ministry of Economy has all the elements for requiring anti-dumping duties, but did not proceed as the interested parties expressed the will to reach an agreement.
·The antidumping practices investigation process with regards to chicken leg-quarters price discrimination will continue.
·The Ministry agreed to establish a 30 business day period for the interested parties to provide additional arguments or elements deemed relevant to the investigation.

As of the date of this report, we do not have any further information regarding this matter.

Risks Relatingrelating to InvestorsBachoco’s investors and its American Depositary Receipts (or ADRs)

 

The Robinson Bours family owns 82.75% of our total shares outstanding and their interests may differ from other security holders.

The Robinson Bours family has established two Mexican trusts, which they control (“Control Trusts”), that together held 496,500,000Shares outstanding as of December 31, 2011. With that percentage they hold the power to elect a majority of the members of our Board of Directors and have the power to determine the outcome of certain other actions requiring the approval of our stockholders, including whether or not dividends are to be paid and the amount of such dividends.

 

The Company trades its ADR’s on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) with each ADR representing twelve common shares.

The prevailing market prices for the ADS’sADRs and the Shares could decline if the Robinson Bours family sold substantial amounts of their Shares, whether directly, or indirectly, through thetwo Mexican trusts through which they hold their Shares, or if the perception arose that such a sale could occur.

See Item 7 for more details about the Company’s trusts.

The market value of our securities may be affected by economic and market conditions prevailing in any other country, although economic conditions in such countries may differ significantly from economic conditions in Mexico, Investors’ reactions to developments in any of these other countries may have an adverse perception and consequently, the market value of our securities may be adversely affected by events elsewhere.

Payment of cash dividends may be affected by the exchange rate of the peso versus the dollar.

Because we pay cash dividends in pesos, exchange rate fluctuations will affect the U.S. dollar amounts received by holders of ADRs upon conversion of such cash dividends by The Bank of New York Mellon, who acts as our Depositary Bank.

The protection afforded to minority stockholders in Mexico is different from that in the United StatesStates.

Under Mexican law, the protection afforded to minority stockholders is different from those in the United States. In particular, the law concerning fiduciary duties of directors is not well developed, there is no procedure for class actions or stockholder derivative actions, and there are different procedural requirements for bringing stockholder lawsuits. As a result, in practice it may be more difficult for the minority stockholders of Bachoco to enforce their rights against us or our directors or our controlling stockholder than it would be for stockholders of a U.S. company.

Our bylaws restrict the ability of non-Mexican stockholders to invoke the protection of their governments with respect to their rights as stockholdersstockholders.

As required by Mexican law, our bylaws provide that non-Mexicannon Mexican stockholders shall be considered as Mexicans with respect to their ownership interests in Bachoco and shall be deemed to have agreed not to invoke the protection of their governments in certain circumstances. Under this provision, a non-Mexicannon Mexican stockholder is deemed to have agreed not to invoke the protection of its own government by asking such government to interpose a diplomatic claim against the Mexican government with respect to the stockholder’s rights as a stockholder, but is not deemed to have waived any other rights it may have, including any rights under the U.S. securities laws, with respect to its investment in Bachoco. If you invoke such governmental protection in violation of this agreement, your Shares could be forfeited to the Mexican government.

Our bylaws may only be enforced in MexicoMexico.

Our bylaws provide that legal actions relating to the execution, interpretation or performance of the bylaws may be brought only in Mexican courts. As a result, it may be difficult for non-Mexican stockholders to enforce their stockholder rights pursuant to the bylaws.

It may be difficult to enforce civil liabilities against us or our directors, officers and controlling personspersons.

We are organized under the laws of Mexico, and most of our directors, officers and controlling persons reside outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to affect service of process within the United States on such persons or to enforce judgments against them. This pertains also to any action based on civil liabilities under the U.S. federal securities laws. There is doubt as to the enforceability against such persons in Mexico, whether in original actions or in actions to enforce judgments of U.S. courts, of liabilities based solely on the U.S. federal securities laws.

14

Non-Mexican stockholders may not be entitled to participate in future preemptive rights offeringsofferings.

Under Mexican law and our bylaws, if we issue new Shares for cash as part of a capital increase, we must grant our stockholders the right to purchase a sufficient number of Shares to maintain their existing ownership percentage in the Company (“preemptive rights”). We can allow holders of ADSsADRs in the United States to exercise preemptive rights in any future capital increase only in one of the following two circumstances: (i) we file a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission with respect to that future issuance of Shares; or (ii) the offering qualifies for an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act.

 

We make no promises that we will file a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission to allow holders of ADSsADRs in the United States to participate in a preemptive rights offering. As a result, the equity interests of such holders in the Company may be diluted proportionately. In addition, under current Mexican law, it is not practicable for the depositary to sell preemptive rights and distribute the proceeds from such sales to ADSADR holders.

Corporate disclosure and accounting in Mexico may differ from other countriescountries.

There may be less, or different, publicly available information about issuers of securities in Mexico than is regularly published by or about issuers of securities in other countries with highly developed capital markets. In addition, due to country-by-country differences in accounting and other reporting principles and standards, our corporate disclosures may differ in content from disclosures made under other principles and standards, such as U.S. GAAP. However, we adopted IFRS starting January 1, 2012.standards.

 

ITEM 4. Information of the Company

 

A.History and Development of the Company

 

Our legal name isThe Company was legally formed in Mexico as Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V., and we frequently refer to ourselves commercially as Bachoco. We are a holding company, and our principal operating subsidiary is Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. We were incorporated in Mexico on April 17, 1980, in Obregon, State of Sonora, Mexico, and is frequently referred to as Bachoco.

We are incorporated under the laws of the United Mexican States, (“Mexico”.)

but we have operations in both Mexico and the U.S. Our headquartersprincipal executive offices are located in Mexico at Avenida Tecnologico No. 401, Ciudad Industrial, zip code 38010, Celaya, State of Guanajuato, Mexico, and our telephone +52(461) 6183500number is +52 (461) 618 3500 and +52(461) 6183555. Our main product lines are: chicken, table egg, balanced feed.

We have production facilities and sales in México and, more recently, in the U.S. Until November 2011, our business and sales were domestic, with a very small portion of exports to Asia. Now with the integration of the new business of O.K. Industries, Inc. (or “O.K. Industries”), we are now also present in the U.S. market, with sales of chicken products under the O.K. brand.+52 (461) 618 3555.

 

Our current investor relations agent since July 1, 2011 in the United States is I-adize Corporate Communications, located at 82 Wall Street, Suite 805 in New York, New York.

 

Our main business lines are: chicken, table egg and balanced feed products.

Important events in the development of the Company’s business

 

We were founded in 1952. It has grown from a small commercial table egg operation in the state of Sonora, to be a vertically integrated Company and the leader poultry company in Mexico and we believe one of the most important poultry companies worldwide.

 

In 1963, we started operations in the cities of Navojoa, Los Mochis and Culiacan, producing just table eggs. In 1971, we commenced the production of chicken in the operationan operating facility that we opened in the city of Culiacan.

In 1974, we established a new complex in Celaya, a city located in the agricultural region of centralGuanajuato, Mexico. Our products were widely accepted in that region, which led us to open offices and distribution centers in Mexico City.

Our management recognized the potential for growth in Mexican chicken consumption, as well as the advantages of a large, vertically integrated company; as a result, we began to seek opportunities for geographic expansion and to increase production capacity and market.

In 1993, we moved out headquarters from the Obregon to Celaya city, and opened a new complex in the city of Techamalco, in the Southeast of Mexico.

 

In 1994, we continued expanding our coverage, this time with a new complex in Lagos de Moreno city, in the Western Mexico. By 1994, we had four productive complexes strategically located throughout Mexico and an important presence in the Mexican poultry market share.

 

In September 1997, we began trading on the BMVMexican Stock Exchange (or “BMV”) and on the NYSE, with 600 million shares outstanding and a free float of 17.25%, the remaining 82.75% is held since that year by the Robinson Bours Family though thethrough two Control trusts.

 

Furthermore, in December, 1999, we acquired Campi. With this acquisition we entered the chicken market in the South of Mexico, starting a new business line selling balanced feed to third parties. In 2001, we established our sixth productive complex in Gomez Palacio city, located in the Northeast of Mexico.

 

In December 2006, we acquired most of the assets and inventories of Del Mezquital to start a new complex in Hermosillo city, located in Northern Mexico, close to the border with the United States. In 2007, through a business agreement with Grupo Libra and Grupo Agra we entered in a new business, the sales of turkey and beef value added products, and increased our production capacity of table eggs. Both Companies are located in Northeast Mexico.

 

In 2009, we made diverse business agreements with a companies located at the Northeast of Mexico; to improve capacity and efficiency in our Northeast production complex headquartered in Monterrey, we; (i) acquired the assets of a balanced feed mill and a soybean processing plant from Productora de Alimentos Pecuarios de Nuevo Leon (ii) acquired the assets of a chicken processing plant from Avi Carnes Monterrey (iii) entered into agreements to rent breeder farms and egg incubation plants from Reproductoras Asociadas, and one-day-old breeder capacity farms and egg incubation plants from Produccion Avicola Especializada; and (iv) made arrangements with contract growers to acquire their inventories.

 

In 2011, the Company carried out two acquisitions: In August 20, 2011, we acquired Trosi de Carnes, S.A. (“Trosi”(or “Trosi”) business; this facility is located in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon in Northern Mexico. Trosi produces and sells processed beef and chicken. With this acquisition we expect to increase our sales of beef value added products.

 

On November 1, 2011, the Company entered the U.S. market and increased its export business with the acquisition of the American poultry company, O.K. Industries, Inc. thisOK Foods. This company accounts with operations across the River Valley area in Arkansas and Oklahoma. It supplies grocery retailers, food service distributors and commodity customers throughout the U.S. as well as foreign markets. Our U.S. subsidiary, Bachoco USA, LLC, is the holding company of OK Foods.

In December 2011, the Company carried out a transaction to buy certain property assets ofMercantil Agropecuaria Coromuel, S.A. de C.V.(or “MACSA”C.V. (or “MACSA”), with which,whereby, the Company enteredreinforced its presence in the State of Baja California in Mexico, with 3three distributions centers.

16

Capital Expenditures

 

OverDuring the past threelast two years we have financed most of our capital expenditures with resources generated by our operations.

 

In 2009, we madeFollowing is a summary of the capital expenditures of Ps. 944.1 million,incurred by the Company during the last two years with which we entered into two main projects: (i) increased chicken production capacity in Chiapas, Sonora and Yucatán, and updated our transportation fleet (ii) improved production capacity in the Monterrey Complex.

In 2010, we made capital expenditures of Ps. 517.3 million, with which we increased capacity for live chicken in Merida and Tecamachalco facilities; increased egg production capacity in the Mexicali facility; conducted productivity projects in the Tecamachalco and Merida processing plants, as well as adjusted production process to export requirements for the export of chicken claws to Asia; and updated our transportation fleet.amounts having been computed under IFRS.

 

In 2011 we made capital expenditures of Ps. 707.5 million, to implement new technologies in the processing plants located in Coatzacoalcos, Culiacan and Celaya. InAdditionally, in Celaya we built a water treatment plant and we also updated our transportation fleet.

In 2012, we made capital expenditures of Ps. 951.8 million, that are used for the replacement of our transportation fleet, the completion of certain expansion projects and the implementation of productivity projects across all of our facilities in both the U.S. and Mexico.

At present, as part of its regular course of business, the Company continues with its replacement of equipment and productivity projects.

 

B.Business Overview

Description of the Company

 

General

Bachoco owns and manages more than a thousand facilities, organized in nine production complexes and 64 distribution centers in Mexico, and one production complex in the United States.

We participate in the food industry in Mexico and in the U.S., mainly in the poultry industry.

We are a vertically integrated Company dedicated to the productionleader in the Mexican poultry industry, and commercializationone of chicken, table eggs, balanced feed, swine and value added products of turkey and beef in Mexico. Recently in November 2011, wethe largest poultry producers globally. We recently entered the U.S. chicken market.market through our acquisition of OK Foods.

In Mexico, our core business is chicken products, but we also produce and sell a wide range of other products such as eggs and balanced feed. We also operate a number of other segments which we refer to as “other business lines” that include among others; the production and selling of live swine, beef and turkey value-added products as well as a laboratory that produces vaccines for the poultry industry. These other business lines are grouped together as their sales on an individual basis do not represent more than 1.0% of our total sales.

In the United States, our sole business line is chicken products.

In the recent years, we have had nonot experienced material changes with productin the development or production of our products.

Principal Markets

We operate mainly in Mexico and in the recent years.U.S. In Mexico we compete mainly in the chicken, egg and balanced feed markets, and in the chicken industry in the U.S.

 

  In million of Mexican pesos, for year ended December 31, 
Sales Breakdown 2009  2010  2011 
Chicken Ps.18,211.1  Ps.20,127.7  Ps.22,611.2 
In Mexico  18,211.1   20,127.7   21,232.4 
In the U.S.(1)  -   -   1,378.8 
Table eggs  2,356.8   2,101.8   2,085.9 
Balanced feed  1,465.6   1,380.8   1,853.2 
Swine and other business lines  1,229.4   1,105.2   1,184.7 
Net revenues Ps.23,262.9  Ps.24,715.5  Ps.27,735.0 

(1 ) Includes only sales subsequent toWe estimate that we are the acquisitionbiggest producer of O.K. Industries.chicken products in Mexico. Based on our internal estimates, we currently account for approximately 35.0% of the Mexican chicken market and are the second largest producer of eggs with an estimated market share of approximately 5.6%. We currently estimate that we have a 3.3% market share in the balanced feed products.

As noted previously, in the U.S. we produce and distribute chicken products only. Based on our internal estimates, we currently account for approximately 2.0% of this market.

The following table sets forth, for each of the periods indicated, our net revenues by main product lines as a percentage of total net revenues, as of December 31, 2012 and 2011:

NET REVENUES BY BUSINESS LINES   
  As of December 31, 
  2011  2012 
Net Revenues: Ps.27,735.0   100.0% Ps.39,367.4   100.0%
Chicken  22,611.3   81.5%  32,989.5   83.8%
In Mexico  21,232.5   76.5%  24,818.0   63.0%
In the U.S.  1,378.8   5.0%  8,171.5   20.8%
Eggs(1)  2,085.9   7.5%  2,807.7   7.1%
Balanced feed(1)  1,853.2   6.7%  1,979.0   5.0%
Other business lines(1)  1,184.6   4.2%  1,591.2   4.1%
(1)Revenues from eggs, balanced feed and other business lines originate from sales in Mexico.

Our chicken, eggs and balanced feed are our largest business lines in terms of revenues and thus they are described in more detail in the following paragraphs.

 

Overview of the Chicken Business LineIndustry in Mexico

 

We basically competeAccording to the UNA, chicken products are the main source of protein consumed in two different markets:Mexico. Mexico is among the Mexican andten main chicken producers worldwide, with an estimated production of 2,945.4 thousand tons of chicken meat in 2012, with a per capita consumption of 25.7 kilograms a year, a slight increase when compared to 25.6 kilograms for the U.S. chicken markets.year 2011.

 

The Characteristics of Mexican Chicken Market and Competition

Mexico is the fifth largest producer of poultry worldwide. Fresh chicken is the leadingmost popular meat consumed in Mexico. According to the UNA for 2011 the annual per capital consumptionmore than 90% of chicken was an estimated of 25.6 kilograms. Chicken is sold fresh, and just a central ingredient in many traditional Mexican dishes. Differently than in the U.S. chicken industry, value-added chickensmall percentage is sold frozen and with value added (marinated, breaded, partially cooked and fully cooked, among others). These products such as heat-and-serve products, frozen dinners, chicken nuggets and other similar foods, have found limited acceptance among Mexican consumers due to historical consumer preferences for fresh chicken. Mexican consumers traditionally prefer chicken with pronounced yellow skin pigmentation.

Based on market demand, fresh chicken rather than frozen will continue to be a preference within the Mexican market. Furthermore, we believe that consumer demand for value-added fresh chicken products, such as rotisserie chicken, supermarket broilers and chicken parts, will increase over time. Accordingly, we continue to focus primarily on producing fresh chicken, including value-added fresh chicken products.

 

According to the UNA,We estimate that we are Mexico’s largest chicken producer; In 2011 we producedproducer with around 35.0% of the total chicken produced in Mexico. We face significant competition from other producers in all of the markets in which we sell our chicken products. Whenmarket share, and when combined with our two largest vertically integrated competitors in Mexico, we account for approximately 59.0% of total Mexican poultry production; the remaining 41.0% is distributed among approximately 179 small and medium-sized integrated and non-integrated producers.production.

 

The three major poultry producersMexico is a main destination for U.S. chicken exports. Chicken imports from the U.S. have increased from 204.1 thousand tons in Mexico, including Bachoco, have substantial cost advantages and financial resources over smaller, non-integrated producers arising from economies of scale and control of feed preparation. We believe, however, that we have substantial competitive strengths over our competitors, including a broader range of chicken products and broader geographic coverage.

Furthermore, there are considerable barriers to entry into large-scale chicken production and distribution in Mexico, including, among others, the consumer preference2008 (when restrictions for fresh chicken, the weaknesses of the transportation infrastructure and varying regional consumer preferences among the various product categories. The channels for distribution of chicken products, in particular, are highly specialized and varied, and they call for in-depth experience in market practices.

Poultry producers in the United States have developed low-cost production techniques and have been successful in exporting primarily frozen and value-added poultry to other countries, especially in periods of overcapacity in the United States. As tariff barriers have declined under NAFTA since 2008, we have experienced increased competition from U.S. poultry producers. According to the UNA, in 2011, total imports of chicken products increased 8.1% in volume over imports in 2010, 77.6% of the totalleg quarters imports were chicken leg quarter.phased out in January 2008) to 311.5 thousand tons in 2011. This increase was due to lower price levels in the U.S. and other foreign markets. Chicken imports from the U.S. have increased around 52.6% since restrictions for leg quarters imports were phased out in January 2008.

The chicken industry worldwide is characterized by a long-term decline in real prices in real terms in conjunction with cyclical periods of higher profitability leading to overproduction followed by periods of lower prices and lower profitability.

 

Chicken products in Mexico are classified into six main categories: live, public market, rotisserie, supermarket broiler, chicken parts and value-added products. Bachoco operates in all these categories. A

For a better understanding of the chicken market in Mexico following is a brief description of each category is provided as follows:

of chicken products:

-Live chickenis deliveredsold alive to small independent slaughtering operations or to wholesalers that contract with independent slaughtering operations for processing. The freshly slaughtered chicken is then sold to chicken shops and other specialized retailers for sale to consumers and in some areas is sold directly to consumers by the slaughterhouse.

-Public market chickenis a whole broiler presented either unevisceratedun-eviscerated or eviscerated, generally sold within 48 hours after slaughter in public markets throughout Mexico, but primarily concentrated in the Mexico City metropolitan region.slaughter. This product is sold to consumers without any packaging or brand identification.

 

-Rotisserie chickenis a whole broiler presented eviscerated and ready to cook. Rotisserie chicken is sold by wholesalers and directly by producers to small shops, stands called rosticerias and supermarkets, which cook the chicken and sell it whole and freshly cooked to the end-consumer, providing an economical form of fast-food.

 

-Supermarket chickenis a fresh whole broiler presented with the edible viscera packed separately. In most cases, it is sold directly by producers to supermarkets and, in some regions, to other independent food shops. Mexican consumers’ preference for freshness requires regular deliveries of chicken to supermarkets and other food shops.

 

-Chicken partscutsrefers to cut-up fresh chicken parts sold wrapped in trays or in bulk principally to supermarket chains, the fast-food industry and other institutional food-servicefood service providers. Producers generally sell directly to the supermarket chains and deliver the chicken directly to the outlet. Sales to the institutional market often require customized cutting and presentation.

 

-Value-added Productsproductsrefers mainly to cut upcut-up fresh chicken parts with value-added treatment like marinating, breading and individual quantity frozen, sold mainly wrapped in trays principally to supermarkets and other institutional chains. Producers generally sell directly to the supermarket chains and deliver the chicken directly to the store. Sales to the institutional market often require customized cutting and presentation.frozen.

 

Chicken volume sold by category in the Mexican industry and by Company in 2009:

  Category Industry s/volume (1)   Bachoco s/volume  Bachoco s/sales 
Live  29%  31%  24%
Public market  20%  16%  15%
Rotisserie  26%  30%  30%
Supermarket  14%  6%  6%
Chicken parts  8%  11%  16%
Value-added products  3%  6%  9%

(1) According with the UNA in Mexico

Chicken volume sold by category in the Mexican industry and by Company in 2010:

  Category Industry s/volume (1)   Bachoco s/volume  Bachoco s/sales 
Live  31%  34%  28%
Public market  20%  14%  14%
Rotisserie  24%  28%  28%
Supermarket  15%  6%  6%
Chicken parts  7%  12%  15%
Value-added products  3%  6%  9%

(1) According with the UNA in Mexico

Chicken volume sold by category in the Mexican industry and by Company in 2011:

  Category Industry s/volume (1)   Bachoco s/volume  Bachoco s/sales 
Live  33%  36%  29%
Public market  20%  14%  14%
Rotisserie  26%  27%  27%
Supermarket  12%  5%  5%
Chicken parts  6%  12%  16%
Value-added products  3%  6%  9%

(1)According with the UNA in Mexico

The U.S. Chicken Market Description

Chicken is the most popular meat produced in the United States. In 2011, the total meat production in the U.S. was 42.1 million tons. U.S. production of chicken meat was 16.9 million tons or 40.2% of the total U.S. meat production. The U.S. broiler industry exported 3.1 million tons of chicken or 18.4% of the total U.S. production.

On a retail weight basis U.S. per capita consumption of chicken is estimated to be 37.8 kilograms. Most of the chicken produced in the U.S. is sold in either a cut-up or a further processed form. Only 10.9% is sold in whole-bird form, with or without giblets, and 8.8% is cut up into 8 or 9 pieces for the KFC-type (Kentucky Fried Chicken) market. A further 51.5% is sold as bone-in pieces, primarily parts, by supermarkets or as leg quarters for export markets. Finally 28.8% of production is represented by deboned breast and dark meat for value added further processed meat.

Over the last thirty years the industry has experienced a constant trend toward greater integration and consolidation between companies. In 1980, the five largest companies in the industry processed 30.5% of all birds produced. In 2010, the five largest companies processed 59.6% of all birds processed. The pace of consolidation has slowed in recent years due to economic difficulties associated with higher ingredient costs. However since 2009, there has been significant investment by overseas poultry companies in U.S. broiler production and these companies now own approximately the 36% of U.S. production capacity.

Bachoco’s Chicken Marketing and Distribution

As previously stated, weWe operate in all of the sixthese chicken categories; our product mix varies from region to region, reflecting different consumption and distribution patterns.

 

SALES AND VOLUME OF CHICKEN BY CATEGORY
 
In 2011 Industry /volume(1)  Bachoco /volume  Bachoco /sales 
Live  33%  36%  29%
Public market  20%  14%  14%
Rotisserie  26%  27%  27%
Supermarket  12%  5%  5%
Chicken parts  6%  12%  16%
Value-added products  3%  6%  9%
             
In 2012 Industry /volume(2)  Bachoco /volume  Bachoco /sales 
Live  n/a   36%  30%
Public market  n/a   13%  13%
Rotisserie  n/a   27%  28%
Supermarket  n/a   5%  5%
Chicken parts  n/a   10%  12%
Value-added products  n/a   8%  11%
(1)According with the UNA.
(2)Industry information for 2012 is not available as of the date of this report.

Overview of the Chicken Industry in the U.S.

According to the USDA and the UNA, chicken is the main protein consumed in the U.S., but unlike in Mexico, the cuts are mainly sold frozen and with value-added (more than 85%). This is due to a large increase in demand for the three main components of chicken: the breast, wing, and left quarters, respectively.

The U.S. is the world’s largest producer of chicken. Its annual production is estimated at 16.8 million tons (or 37 billion pounds), and its per capita consumption is also one of the highest worldwide, per annum, estimated at 43.6 kilograms (around 96.0 pounds).

The U.S. chicken industry is more consolidated and vertically integrated. Most producers of chicken use state-of-the-art technology in its processes. It is estimated that the main four chicken producers account for 52% of the total chicken production in the U.S.

Another characteristic of the chicken industry in the U.S. is the use of contract growers, with more than 85% of chicken produced by contract growers. Such production consists of in providing the growers with chickens, balanced feed, vaccines, medicines and training required for the growing of chickens. The grower supplies its facilities and labor required in order to bring the chickens to slaughter-ready weight. The contract grower is then paid based on the productivity and efficiency of its flock.

Brazil and the U.S. are the main exporters of chickens worldwide, and their main destinations are Mexico, China, Russia and the Middle East, among other countries. We have developedestimate that our market share is around 2.0% in the U.S..

Overview of the Egg Industry in Mexico

According to the UNA, Mexico has the largest per capita consumption of eggs (or “table eggs”) in the world. There is an extensive distribution system. We use various distribution channelsestimated per capita consumption of around 22.5 kilograms for 2012, compared to 22.4 kilograms in every major product category2011. Mexico’s 2012 annual egg production is estimated at 2,538.1 million tons.

When compared to service different market segments.other protein sources, eggs are among the cheapest sources of protein in Mexico. The egg industry is more fragmented than the chicken industry.

Table eggs in Mexico are classified in three main categories: bulk, packaged and processed.

 

-Live chicken.Bulk We sell live chicken primarily to wholesalers, which contract out the processing to independent slaughterhouses and then resell the processed product as public market chicken. To a lesser extent, we sell to small, independent slaughterhouses is distributed in the southeast, where live chicken continues to be the standard for consumption. Additionally, customers can purchase live chicken directly from our farms.large 360 egg cases.

 

-Public market chicken.PackagedMost in branded packages of mainly 12, 18, 24 or more eggs.

-Processedis liquid or powdery eggs used mainly by the bakery industry.

Bachoco participates in the bulk and packaged categories of eggs but does not participate in the processed market.

We estimate that we are the second largest producer of table eggs in Mexico. In 2012, we produced 5.6% of the total eggs produced in Mexico in terms of tons. We sell both brown and white eggs. We estimate that we are the largest producer of brown eggs in Mexico, and the largest marketer of packaged eggs with brand identification.

In 2012 and 2011, the volume sold by table eggs category in the Mexican industry and in the Company was:

SALES AND VOLUME OF EGG BY CATEGORY
 
In 2011 Industry /volume(1)  Bachoco /volume  Bachoco /sales 
Bulk  80%  45%  34%
Packaged  14%  55%  66%
Processed  6%  0%  0%
             
In 2012 Industry /volume(2)  Bachoco /volume  Bachoco /sales 
Bulk  n/a   42%  38%
Packaged  n/a   58%  62%
Processed  n/a   0%  0%
(1)According with the UNA.
(2)Industry information for 2012 is not available as of the date of this.

Overview of the Balanced Feed Market in Mexico

According to theConsejo Nacional de Fabricantes de Alimento Balanceado y de la Nutricion Animal, A.C.(or ”CONAFAB”), Mexico is among the ten biggest producers of balanced feed worldwide. According to CONAFAB, it is estimated that 28,759 thousand tons of balanced feed were produced in Mexico in 2012, a slight increase from 28,333 thousand tons of balanced feed produced in 2011.

Producers of balanced feed are classified as commercial and integrated; commercial manufacturers produce for the market while integrated manufacturers mostly produce for themselves and occasionally for other producers.

The production mix between commercial and integrated producers has not changed much in the past years as it remains in the following proportion: 37% to 40% of commercial producers and 60% to 63% of integrated producers.

The following table sets forth, for each of the periods indicated, our net volume sold of balanced feed:

BALANCED FEED VOLUME SOLD
Thousands of tones Total
Production(1)
  Bachoco’s
Production
  Estimated
Market Share
 
2010  10,433   328   3.1%
2011  10,463   379   3.6%
2012  10,689   351   3.3%

(1) According to CONAFAB, balanced feed produced by commercial producers in Mexico.

Seasonality Effects

The poultry industry worldwide is characterized by cyclical periods of higher profitability leading to overproduction followed by periods of lower prices and lower profitability and is very susceptible to price changes in main raw material, such as; corn, soybean meal and sorghum.

Our sales are moderately seasonal in Mexico. In general, we experience the highest levels of sales in the second and fourth quarters due to higher chicken consumption during the holiday seasons.

As for our sales in the U.S., there is slightly less seasonality but breast meat prices are typically higher in the second and third quarters and wings are more in demand in the fourth and first quarters.

Pricing for chicken and eggs products

Chicken and eggs are considered a commodity item. Changes to the supply or demand, and changes in raw material prices can directly impact in sale prices, and as a result affect the profitability of main producers. Another factor that impacts chicken pricing mainly in U.S. is the international demand.

Main Raw Materials and Sources of Supply

As a vertically integrated company our processes start in our main business lines with production of balanced feed, as well as with the buying of grandparent breeder flocks.

Our production of chicken processes starts with the purchasing of one-day birds called “grandparent” birds. These birds are raised to maturity in our farms where fertile eggs are produced to continue through our production processes. Grandparent birds are bought in Mexico and the U.S. from genetic bird firms.

The largest single component of our cost of sales is the cost of grain (corn and sorghum), as well as soybean meal used to prepare balanced feed. We operate our own feed mills to produce balanced feed for both individual business consumption as well as to sell to third parties.

The prices of these ingredients are subject to significant volatility resulting from weather, the size of harvests, transportation and storage costs, governmental agricultural policies, currency exchange rates and other factors. The Company engages in hedging of its feed costs in order to assure more stable cost of grains.

In Mexico, domestic crops are limited, therefore a large percentage of our raw materials are imported from the U.S. In 2012, we bought approximately 47.0% of our total grain from the domestic market and the rest from the U.S.

Marketing Channels Used by the Company

Marketing and Distribution of Chicken Products in Mexico

We have developed an extensive distribution system to participate in all the existing distribution channels of chicken and eggs products. We consider our distribution system one of the Company’s strengths, where we have developed wide expertise and knowledge of the business.

We participate and operate in all the following marketing channels:

-Live Chicken. Unlike most other countries, Mexico has a large marketing channel of live chicken which mainly operates in the central and southern regions of Mexico.

-Wholesalers. Large percentages of our wholesale customers rely primarily on us forchicken sales operate via wholesalers. The main products marketed in this channel are live and public market chicken although weas well as rotisserie. We do not have no exclusive supply agreements. Our principal focus in this market has been to provide superior distribution and service to selected wholesalers in order to maintain and further develop loyalty. Public market chicken is ordinarily sold to consumers without any packaging or other identification of the producer, butagreements with our distribution system encourages wholesalers to sell to retailers in containers from our own “Bachoco” trailers, reinforcing our reputation for freshness and efficiency of service and fostering brand loyalty among retailers. We believe we have developed excellent relationships with the wholesalers we serve.customers.
-Rotisserie chicken.Institutional. We sell a large amount of product to institutional customers. We mainly sell chicken cuts and rotisserie chicken directly torosticerias and supermarkets. We believe this market will continue to grow, as in the past, because of an ever-increasing consumer demand for convenient, low-priced products and high-quality fast food.institutional channel. Success in supplying rotisserie chickenthe institutional channel depends on consistency and good service, and only larger producers with more modern processing facilities and distribution capacity can compete in this market.

 

-Supermarket chicken.. We sell cuts and value-added products as well as supermarket broilers, directly to the principal supermarkets,chicken types through supermarket channels or convenience store chains and wholesale clubs in Mexico.stores. In order to build consumer loyalty,this channel we emphasize our brand image as well as our superior service, reinforced by frequent delivery to ensure freshness. Each chain negotiates purchases centrally, but we deliver directlyfreshness, to many points of sale, ordinarily at least once every 48 hours. We believe that we lead the market in frequency of deliveries to supermarkets.build consumer’s loyalty.

 

-Chicken parts.Retail We sell chicken parts principally to supermarkets, using the same marketing strategy that we use for supermarket broiler chicken. We are also an important supplier of chicken parts to the growing franchise fast-food and institutional food-service industries. We continue to develop custom-cutting processes to help meet demand from fast-food and institutional customers for a wider variety of chicken parts.

-Value-added products. The potential growth in these products’ market is large and we believe that our distribution network, our market share in the supermarket segment, our brand name and our experience in a. A wide range of existing Mexican distribution channels will be important competitive strengths inproducts are sold under this products.marketing channel that goes from the live chicken to value-added or public market and supermarket chicken type. The Company is constantly developing new, convenient value-added products.supplies several points of sale that directly sell these products to the customers.

 

We use our own fleet to transport the majority of rotisserie chickens, supermarket broilers and other chicken products to our customers in Mexico. We try to cooperate with existing distribution channels and do not compete with wholesale distributors, except in areas where we supply our own distribution capacity where needed for market penetration.

 

We distribute products from our processing plants located in: Celaya, Culiacan, Tecamachalco, Lagos de Moreno, Coatzacoalcos, Merida, Gomez Palacio, Monterrey and Hermosillo to our cold-storage facilities and warehouses, which serve as a midpoint in distribution to wholesalers and local customers. From our cold-storage facilities, we service wholesalers, (who in turn deliver to their customers), retailers and transport certain products directly to supermarkets and food-service operations. Our distribution infrastructure includes 63more than 64 cold-storage warehouses and facilities and a large fleet of vehicles. The decentralized sales force permits us to remain attuned to developments in the regions we serve and to develop close relationships with customers.

Table Eggs Business Line

The Mexican Table Eggs Market and Competition

According to the UNA, Mexico has the largest per capita consumption of table eggs in the world with 22.4 kilograms per capita consumed in 2011. We believe this level of consumption is due in part to the fact that eggs are among the cheapest sources of protein in Mexico.

The Mexican table egg industry is more fragmented than the chicken industry. According to the UNA, in 2010 the nine largest producers of table eggs in Mexico account for approximately 44.0% of the market.

We estimate that we are the second largest producer of table eggs in Mexico, in 2011, we produced 5.2% of the total eggs produced in Mexico. We sell both brown and white eggs. We estimate that we are the largest producer of brown eggs in Mexico. Our marketing efforts for egg products focus on increasing our brand recognition.

Table eggs in Mexico are classified in three main categories: bulk, packaged and processed.

-Bulk. Distributed in large 360 egg cases through wholesalers to retailers. The retailers, which are typically small grocery shops, sell the eggs by weight to consumers.

-Packaged.Branded packages of mainly 12, 18 or 24 eggs. Packaged eggs are less vulnerable to price fluctuations and are mainly sold through supermarkets.

-Processed.Liquid or powdery eggs used mainly by the bakery industry. Bachoco does not participate in this market.

The tables below sets forth the volume of the table eggs sold within the Mexican industry and volume and sales, recorded by us for each year indicated,

In 2009, the volume sold by table eggs category in the Mexican industry and in the Company was:

Category  Industry s/volume (1)   Bachoco s/volume  Bachoco s/sales 
 Bulk   80%  45%  36%
 Package   15%  55%  64%
 Processed   5%  0%  0%

(1)Source: UNA

In 2010, the volume sold by table eggs category in the Mexican industry and in the Company was:

Category  Industry s/volume (1)   Bachoco s/volume  Bachoco s/sales 
 Bulk   80%  47%  41%
 Package   14%  53%  59%
 Processed   6%  0%  0%

(1)Source: UNA

In 2011, the volume sold by table eggs category in the Mexican industry and in the Company was:

Category  Industry s/volume (1)   Bachoco s/volume  Bachoco s/sales 
 Bulk   80%  45%  34%
 Package   14%  55%  66%
 Processed   6%  0%  0%

(1)Source: UNA

Bachoco’s Marketing and Distribution of Table EggsChicken Products in the U.S..

 

Our U.S. operations which lie across the River Valley area in Arkansas and Oklahoma, produce only chicken products. Those plants mainly supply grocery retailers, food service distributors, national accounts and commodity customers throughout the U.S. The U.S. complex also services the foreign market and exports to several countries including those in Asia, Russia and Mexico itself. Our distribution line through this plant is handled mainly through third parties.

Marketing and Distribution of Eggs Products in Mexico

Eggs are mostly sold packaged with brand identification. We sell white and brown eggs; the branded carton of brown eggs is a premium product in the Mexican market, because consumers perceive them to be of higher quality. Brown eggs command a small premium over white eggs.

 

In some regions, however, we have reallocated part of our production from brown eggs to white eggs due to local market preferences. Our marketing strategy in the eggs business is to gradually move from bulk to packaged white eggs. Packaged eggs are less vulnerable to price fluctuation and create brand loyalty.

 

We have designed our egg distribution system to transport eggs from our laying farms at Celaya, Los Mochis, Obregon, Mexicali, Tecamachalco, Merida, Saltillo and La Laguna regions to customers in all sales regions. We sell packaged eggs directly to all of the principal supermarket chains in Mexico, with daily deliveries directly to their outlets. Our marketing strategy for this business line is to lead sales of package branded eggs.

 

-Wholesalers. We sell eggs in bulk; these wholesalers operate mainly in central Mexico. This product is sold to consumers mainly by kilogram and not by unit.
-Institutional. We sell eggs in bulk in this institutional marketing channel.

-Supermarket. We sell eggs packaged with brand identification and a large number of presentation patterns in packages of 12, 18, 24 or more eggs.

-Retail. We distribute eggs directly to customers in packages with brand identification.

Marketing and Distribution of Balanced Feed Business Linein Mexico

 

The Mexican Balanced Feed Market and Competition

According to theConsejo Nacional de Fabricantes de Alimento Balanceado y de la Nutricion Animal, A.C. (or ”CONAFAB”) Mexico is among the ten biggest producers of balanced feed worldwide. In 2010, totalOur production of balanced feed in Mexico was 28.1 million tones, representingto third parties, accounts for a cumulative increasewide range of 5.8% from 2007 to 2010. CONAFAB estimates that Mexican production ofproducts; we produce balanced feed for 2011 will be 29.4 million tons,products mainly in the poultry industry, but we also produce in other markets such as dogs, cattle, swine and Mexico will account with 420 feed mill plants and a production capacity of 35 million tons.

Local production is composed of commercial and integrated manufacturers. Commercial manufacturers produce for the market, while integrated manufacturers mostly produce for themselves and occasionally forfish, among other producers. In 2010, integrated producers accounted for approximately 63.0% of total production. Imports of feed come almost entirely from the United States.species.

 

We estimate our market share in thesell balanced feed product line is approximately 3.1%.

Bachoco’s Marketing and Distribution of Balance Feed

We have benefited from economies of scale and synergies derived from producing feed both for our own internal consumption and for sale to third parties, we sellproducts mainly to small livestock producers and through a network of small distributors located mainly in central and southern Mexico. Currently, we have 4 feed plants dedicated to producing balanced feed to third parties.

We estimate that in 2010, our balanced feed business comprised approximately 3.1% of the market share of the commercial (non-integrated) balanced feed business in Mexico, a small reduction from the 3.4% market share in 2009. The decrease in our balanced feed sales volume is due to a reduction in our production levels as we improve our sales mix.

Patents, Licenses and Other Business LinesContracts

This item comprises sales of swine and turkey and beef value-added products. The Company sells live swine to small packers.

We purchase breeder swine live from the United States and breed them at facilities in the state of Sonora. We then raise swine to maturity at our farms in Celaya and three other locations in Mexico. Mature swine is sold on the hoof to Mexican swine meat packers for the production of pork products.

TheMexican swine industry is highly fragmented and our market share within this market is not significant.

 

The Mexican marketCompany’s operations are not dependent on the existence of turkey and beef value-added products is a small but onepatents or licenses or contracts signed with a large growth potential.customers or suppliers.

Material Effects of Government Regulations on the Company’s Business

 

In 2007, we entered into two new product lines: turkey and value-added beef and pork products. We do not raise either turkey or cattle; we only process these products.

Each of these business lines represented less 1.0% of our total sales. However, we see opportunities to grow these businesses by taking advantage of our distribution network.

Seasonality of Our Company

Our sales are moderately seasonal in Mexico, with the highest levels of sales, in general, in the second and fourth quarters due to higher chicken consumption during the holiday season. As for our sales in the U.S., there is slightly less seasonality but breast meat prices are typically higher in the second and third quarters and wings are more in demand in the fourth and first quarters.

Main Raw Materials

We purchase our breeding stock for broilers and layers from high-quality suppliers. All of our breeder swine currently come from one supplier, but we have changed suppliers from time to time and have numerous alternative sources of supply.

The largest single component of our cost of sales is the cost of ingredients used to prepare balanced feed, including: sorghum, soybean meal, corn, fish meal, meat meal and, for certain chicken products, marigold extract, among some others.

The price of these ingredientsEvery region where Bachoco operates is subject to significant volatility resulting from weather,extensive federal, state and foreign laws and regulations, which can have a material effect on the size of harvests, transportationCompany. Such laws and storage costs, governmental agricultural policies, currency exchange ratesregulations include among others, the following:

Import and other factors. To reduce the potential adverse effect of grain price fluctuations, we vary the composition of our feed to take advantage of current market prices for the various types of ingredients used.

Under NAFTA, corn tariffs were eliminated on January 1, 2008. This new condition has been positive for the Company, allowing us more flexibility in our cost of production as the cost of our ingredients more closely tracks prices in the international commodity markets.

To mitigate the effects of increases in grain prices, we are always seeking lower-cost feed ingredients from Mexican sources when available. The use of local feed ingredients allows us to save on transportation costs and import duties. However, because southern Mexico domestic crops and feed ingredients are limited in some cases our complexes use imported grain.

In 2011, we bought approximately 44.6% of our total grain in the domestic market and the rest from the U.S. We believe that the quality of local feed ingredients, particularly sorghum, is superior to that of imported feed ingredients. The Company engages in hedging of its feed costs in order to assure more stable cost of grains.

Mexican Regulation

Mexican Import Regulation

As required by NAFTA, the Mexican government eliminated all permanent quotas and tariffs on poultry, table eggs and swine in January 2003. With certain specific exceptions described below, there are now no quotas or tariffs on imports of poultry, eggs and swine from the United States. We expect the elimination of these trade protections to stabilize the level of imports over time and to permit improved private control over imports, which may result in increased competition from importers.Export Regulations

 

Effective January 1, 2008, there is a free chicken market between Mexico and the U.S. This allows U.S. producers to export any amount of chicken (mainly leg quartersquarters) free of tariffs to Mexico.

 

In additionThe U.S. chicken exports to NAFTA, Mexico has entered into free trade agreements with severalhave substantially increased since applicable restrictions on such imports have recently phased out. However, this development does impact the Mexican market for chicken because neither we, nor any other countries including Chile, Bolivia, Colombia, Venezuela and Japan andMexican chicken producer, is yet able to export similar products to the European Union. Although such agreements may result in lower tariffs over our own products, we believe that imports from such countries will not increase substantiallyU.S. Our production complex in the future dueU.S. exports chicken products to high transportationseveral countries such as Russia, China and distribution costs.Mexico, among others, and therefore it is subject to various laws and regulations that apply in each of these countries.

Antitrust Regulations

 

TheIn Mexico, theLey Federal de Competencia Economica (“(“Mexican Economic Competition Law” or “CFC”), which took effect on June 22, 1993, regulates monopolies and monopolistic practices.

Under this law, all companies, (including Bachoco)including Bachoco are required to notify theComision Federal de Competencia (“Federal Competition Commission”) CFC of all proposed transactions exceeding specified threshold amounts as set forth in the Mexican Economic Competition Law. The Federal Competition CommissionCFC can impose conditions on, and prevent or unwind, any such transactions by Mexican companies.

We have complied with all requirements under this law.

In December 2009, Mexico’s Federal Commission of Economic CompetitionCFC published a notice announcing an investigation of the Mexican poultry sector regarding possible monopolistic business practices. No specific companies have beenwere cited as conducting business in this manner. We, along with other companies, were required to provide information to the commission.commission during 2010 to 2012. As a result the CFC determined the following:

-In November 2012, the CFC imposed a Ps. 1.4 million fine on Bachoco, arguing that Bachoco conspired with local producers to fix the prices of chicken in Chetumal, state of Quintana Roo. Price fixing is an activity not permitted by applicable Mexican law.

-In January 2013, the CFC released a new statement announcing a fine of Ps. 1.6 million, arguing that Bachoco conspired with other local producers to fix prices of chicken in Cancun, state of Quintana Roo.

 

In 2010both cases, we disagreed with CFC’s resolution and 2011have appealed both resolutions according to the Federal Commissionprovisions of Economic Competition continued withMexican law, to assert our rights as a company that contributes to the investigationdevelopment of the country and requested information from several poultry companies. to a free market.

As of the date of this document we have not received further comments from this investigation.Annual Report, these files remain open; the CFC is evaluating our impugnation and is expected to release a response in the upcoming months.

Antidumping Regulations

 

Since 2003, chicken (excluding leg quarters for which the Mexican government had imposed certain temporary restrictions), eggs and swine import quotas were eliminated by virtue of the NAFTA. Poultry producers in the United States have developed extremely low-cost production methods and have been successful in exporting primarily frozen and value-added poultry to other countries, including Mexico, especially in periods of overcapacity in the United States.

On January 1, 2008, the restrictions previously imposed for leg quarters were phased out. At present there are no restrictions on exporting these products to Mexico.

In February of 2011, theSecretaria Mexicana de Economia (or “Ministry of Economy”) initiated an antidumping investigation focusing exclusively on imports of leg quarters from the U.S. to Mexico. This investigation was requested by Bachoco and by two other Mexican poultry companies.

As a result of this investigation, in January of 2012, the Ministry of Economy issued a preliminary ruling on anti-dumping procedures and confirmed dumping conditions on chicken leg quarters imported from the United States, including margins ranging from 62.90% to 129.77%, stating that such practices damaged the Mexican poultry industry.

The Ministry of Economy had the authority to impose anti-dumping duties, but did not proceed as the interested parties expressed the desire to reach an agreement. The companies involved provided new arguments.

Consequently, on August 7, 2012, after examining all final arguments, the authorities confirmed the existence of dumping conditions that caused harm to the domestic poultry industry. The Ministry of Economy imposed anti-dumping duties on imports of chicken leg quarters from the United States, but stated that such penalties would not be applied immediately, as the poultry industry was being affected by the presence of avian flu type H7N3 in the estate of Jalisco. It is worth noting that, the Company´s facilities were not affected by this outbreak of influenza.

As of the date of this report, we do not have any further information regarding the application of such duties.

25

Environmental and Sanitary Regulation

Our operations are subject to Mexican federal and state laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. The principal laws areLey General de Equilibrio Ecologico y Proteccion Ambiental(General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection) andLey de Aguas Nacionales(National Waters Law). TheSecretaria del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources or “Semarnat”) administers the Environmental Law, andComision Nacional del Agua(“National Water Commission”) administers the National Waters Law.

 

The Environmental Law regulateschicken industry is subject to government regulation in the health and environmental safety areas, including provisions relating to water pollution,and air pollution and noise controlcontrol. Below is a description of the principal laws and hazardous substances.Semarnatadministrative authorities in these areas in Mexico and the U.S.:

-Mexico. TheServicio Nacional de Sanidad Inocuidad y Calidad Alimentaria (or “The Mexican Sanitary Authority” or “SENASICA”), theLey General de Equilibrio Ecologico y Proteccion Ambiental(General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection) and theSecretaria del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources or “SEMARNAT”).

-The United States. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (or “USDA”), the Centers for Disease Control, the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”), the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (or “DHS”) and the U.S. Department of Labor (or “DOL”).

All of these laws or regulations can bring administrative and criminal proceedings against companies that violate environmental and safety laws and regulations, and after certain administrative procedures, it also hassuch violations can result in the power to closeclosure of non-complying facilities. Every company in Mexico is required to provideSemarnatwith periodic reports regarding compliance with the Environmental Law and the regulations thereunder.

 

The levelCompany provides information to these authorities on a regular basis or whenever required, to assure the Company’s compliance thereof. Our Mexican and U.S. subsidiaries are also in compliance with all current regulations and are constantly monitored to ensure compliance in case of environmental regulationany changes in Mexico has increased every year, and enforcement of the law is improving. We expect this trend to continue and to intensify with international agreements between Mexico and the United States.regulatory environment.

 

In particular, Mexican environmental laws set forth standards for water discharge that are applicable to poultry processing operations. Our processing plants have water treatment facilities that comply with Mexican environmental standards. We are implementing other investment projects in anticipation of stricter environmental requirements in the future. We do not expect that compliance with those Mexican federal environmental laws or Mexican state environmental laws will have a material effect on our financial condition or performance.

In 2008;2008 the Company voluntarily entered in an audit program through the OfficeProcuraduria de Proteccion al Ambiente (Office of Environmental Protection (“Propaeg”or “Propaeg”) of the Government of Guanajuato. As a result, in October 2011, the Company invested over Ps. 52.0 million in the building of water-treatment plant for its poultry processing plant located in Celaya, Guanajuato. Onon February 29, 2012, the Company received the Certificate “Clean Company” delivered by Propaeg.

This Certificate confirms that the Company meets all environmental standards on its production processes and that is friendly to the environment. Thus, this certification is a clear example of the Company’s environmental commitment with the community and the in general with the country.

The production, distribution and sale of chicken, eggs and swine are subject to Mexican federal and state sanitary regulations. The principal legislation isLey General de Salud (“General Health Law”) andLey Federal de Sanidad Animal(“Federal Animal Health Law”). The Federal Animal Health Law was enacted in 1993, and, since then, we have been working closely with Mexican authorities to develop regulatory standards and inspection methods for chicken processing. Currently, Mexican authorities do not monitor production or inspect products to the same degree as sanitary authorities in other countries, such as the USDA in the United States. However, we believe that we are in compliance with all applicable sanitary regulations.

U.S. Regulations

In our U.S. operations we are subject to regulations from federal agencies such as the USDA, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (or “FDA”), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (or “EPA”), the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (or “DHS”), and the U.S. Department of Labor (or “DOL”),as well as state regulatory agencies in the states where we conduct business. Our U.S. subsidiary is in compliance with all current regulations and constantly monitors for any changes in those regulations.

 

C.Organizational Structure

 

Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B de C.V. is a holding company with no operations other than holding the stock of its subsidiaries. Our main operating subsidiaries most ofare Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. and Bachoco USA, LLC (the holding company for OK Foods), which are incorporated in Mexico. Our principalown our main operating assets.

For the fiscal year 2012, our subsidiary is BSACV, which owns our principal operating assets, and whichBachoco, S.A. de C.V. accounted for 81.37%71.9% of consolidated total assets asand 73.0% of December 31, 2011,total consolidated sales and 85.5%our subsidiary Bachoco USA, LLC, accounted for 12.3% of our consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2011. total assets and 20.8% of total consolidated sales.

All of our subsidiaries are directly owned by us in the percentagepercentages listed below.

The following table shows our main subsidiaries as of December 31, 2009, 20102012 and 2011:

 

  Percentage equity interest
  Country 2009 2010 2011
Aviser, S.A. de C.V. Mexico 100 100 100
Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. Mexico 100 100 100
Bachoco Comercial, S.A. de C.V. Mexico 100 100 100
Campi Alimentos, S.A. de C.V. Mexico 100 100 100
Huevo y Derivados, S.A. de C.V. Mexico 97 - -
Operadora de Servicios de Personal, S.A. de C.V. Mexico 100 100 100
Pecuarius Laboratorios, S.A. de C.V. Mexico 64 64 64
Secba, S.A. de C.V. Mexico 100 100 100
Sepetec, S. A. de C.V. Mexico 100 100 100
Servicios de Personal Administrativo, S.A. de C.V. Mexico 100 100 100
Induba Pavos, S.A. de C.V. Mexico 100 100 100
O.K. Industries Inc. and Subsidiaries U.S. - - 100

In 2009, Acuícola Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. merged with Campi Alimentos, S.A. de C.V.

O.K. Industries was acquired in November 2011. It includes 4 subsidiaries which it controls; in 3 of them O.K. Industries holds the 100% of their shares and in the last one it holds the 85% of the shares.

PERCENTAGE EQUITY INTEREST(1)     
    As of December 31, 
Subsidiary Country 2011  2012 
Aviser, S.A. de C.V. Mexico  100   100 
Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. Mexico  100   100 
Bachoco Comercial, S.A. de C.V. Mexico  100   100 
Campi Alimentos, S.A. de C.V. Mexico  100   100 
Operadora de Servicios de Personal, S.A. de C.V. Mexico  100   100 
Pecuarius Laboratorios, S.A. de C.V. Mexico  64   64 
Secba, S.A. de C.V. Mexico  100   100 
Sepetec, S. A. de C.V. Mexico  100   100 
Servicios de Personal Administrativo, S.A. de C.V. Mexico  100   100 
Induba Pavos, S.A. de C.V. Mexico  100   100 
Bachoco, USA LLC. and subsidiaries U.S.  100(2)  100 
(1)Percentages are rounded to the next unit.
(2)In November 2011, OK Foods was acquired and incorporated as a subsidiary of Industrias Bachoco. Then, on March 2, 2012, Bachoco USA, LLC was incorporated in Delaware as an Industrias Bachoco subsidiary in order to serve as the holding company of OK Foods and its subsidiaries.

 

For more information, please readdetail regarding the Company’s subsidiaries, see Note 2-a)7 of theour Consolidated Financial Statements.Statements included herein.

D.Property, Plant and Equipment

 

We have more than a thousand production facilities in Mexico and in the U.S. (most of which are farms) and 64 distribution centers that are located throughout Mexico, to ensure freshness and minimize transportation time and costs.

We own most of our facilities, we own around the 80% of our farms and lease a limited number of other farms and sales centers. We also employ a network of contract growers.

The following table indicates Bachoco’s production facilities and the number of each type of facility both in Mexico and the U.S., as of MarchDecember 31, 2012:

 

BACHOCO’S FACILITIES      
  Number of Facilities: 
Facilities In Mexico  In The U.S. 
Chicken breeding farms  172   93 
Broiler grow-out farms  491   336 
Broiler processing plants  8   2 
Hatchery  22   3 
Egg production farms  121   0 
Swine breeding farms  1   0 
Swine grow-out farms  25   0 
Feed mills  18   2 
Further process plants  4   2 

Bachoco production facilities In Mexico  In the U.S. 
Chicken breeding farms  171   93 
Broiler grow-out farms  518   336 
Broiler processing plants  9   2 
Hatchery  21   3 
Egg production farms  91   - 
Swine breeding farms  1   - 
Swine grow-out farms  10   - 
Feed mills  18   2 
Further process plants  4   2 
27

Bachoco’s facilities in Mexico

 

Our facilities in Mexico Facilities

In Mexico, our facilities are located all over the country, grouped in nine complexes thatwith offices in Merida, Coatzacoalcos, Tecamachalco, Celaya, Lagos de Moreno, Monterrey, Gomez Palacios, Culiacan and Hermosillo. Each of these complexes mainly includeincludes farms, feed mills, incubation andfacility, processing plants, and distribution centers. These complexes are located in the cities of Culiacan, Monterrey, Hermosillo, Gomez Palacios, Lagos de Moreno, Celaya, Tecamachalco, Coatzacoalcos, and Merida.

Our nineeight processing plants process around 10 million chickens per week. The Celaya complex is the largestweek and our laying farms produce around 12 thousand tons of our complexes in México, and it is also where our headquarters are located.

We also account with more than 800 production facilities (most of which are farms), and 63 distribution centers that are located throughout Mexico, to ensure freshness and minimize transportation time and costs.

Additionally, there are small egg production farms at Los Mochis, Ciudad Obregon, Puebla and Mexicali, and swine production is based in the cities of Los Mochis, Ciudad Obregon and Celaya.commercial eggs each month.

 

Four of the eighteen feed millsmill plants are dedicated to produce balancethe production of balanced feed tofor sales to third parties and the remaining fourteen are dedicated mainly to internal consumption. We produce around 30 thousand tons of balanced feed per month for sale to third parties.

 

We own other facilities, including two poultry manure-processing plants. We also own a laboratory that produces vaccines for the poultry industry, which we mainly use for internal purposes.purposes but we also sell some vaccines to third parties.

We own most of our facilities, and lease a limited number of farms and sales centers, all of which we do not consider material. We also employ a network of contract growers.

Our fleet of trucks transport day-old chickens from egg incubation plants to farms, part of the feed from feed mills to farms, live chickens from farms to processing plants, products from the processing plants to distribution centers and in some cases directly to some customers, eggs from farms to distribution centers and, ultimately, products from distribution centers to customers.

Expansion, Construction or Issues Related withto Our Facilities in Mexico

 

On April 13, 2008, our processing plant in Monterrey caught fire. While the fire destroyed the entire further processing area, our broiler production processing did not suffer any damage and continued operating under nearly normal conditions until 2009. In 2009, the Company closed this facility and moved the broiler production processing to a new facility in the same city of Monterrey.

In April 2010, the table eggs operation located in Mexicali, B.C. was affected by an earthquake that hit northwestern Mexico on April 4. The earthquake partially affected almost all of the farms located in this region, including our farm. Our affected farm represents approximately 9.0% of our total egg production. Other facilities, such as feed mill and distribution centers, were essentially undamaged. This farm recommenced operations at the end of 2010, with normal production capacity by the end of 2011.

 

In February 2013, the outbreak of the avian influenza H7N3 was detected in several of our breeders and laying farms located in the state of Guanajuato, central Mexico. Although the affected farms suffered no damage to their assets, the production capacity of such farms was suspended due to the decreased bird populations caused by the quarantine of the aforementioned farms.

Earlier in 2012, several laying farms of other local producers were affected with the same type of influenza (H7N3), in the state of Jalisco. None of Bachoco’s farms were affected.

For more detail, see Note 32 of our Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

Bachoco’s facilities in the U.S. Facilities

We have facilities across the River Valley area in Arkansas and Oklahoma. We process around 3 million chickens per week in those facilities. Our offices are in Fort Smith, Arkansas. Our slaughter and deboning plants and feed mills are located in Fort Smith and Heavener, Oklahoma. We have further processing plants in Fort Smith and Muldrow, Oklahoma; our hatcheries in Fort Smith, Heavener and Stigler, Oklahoma; our broiler research farms, in Greenwood and Hartford, Arkansas; and our cooler storage and distribution center, in Muldrow city.

28

Expansion, Construction or Issues Related with Our Facilities in the U.S.

 

We currently have no plans to carry out any construction or material expansion in our Mexico or USU.S. facilities.

 

ITEM 4.A. Unresolved Staff Comments

 

None

 

ITEM 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

 

In January 2009, CNBV published certain amendments to the Rules for Public Companies and other participants in the Mexican Securities Market that require public companies to report financial information in accordance with the IFRS as issued by the IASB, effective as of January 1, 2012.

Following these amendments, on January 1, 2012, we adopted IFRS. Thus, we timely issue our periodic reports under IFRS, meeting all the CNBV requirements. For comparative proposes our financial statements as of and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011, and the opening balance as of January 1, 2011 were converted from MFRS to IFRS to make them comparable to our financial statements for fiscal year 2012.

The rules and regulations of the SEC, do not require foreign private issuers that prepare their financial statements on the basis of IFRS (as issued by the IASB) to reconcile such financial statements to U.S. GAAP. As such, while Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. has in the past reconciled its consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with MFRS to U.S. GAAP, those reconciliations are no longer presented in Bachoco’s filings with the SEC.

Company’s

Year 2012 Overview

Financial and operating results were sound during 2012. The following factors were the principal contributors to our results of operations in 2012:

-Good balance between the market supply and demand across the Company's main business lines increased profitability and set a new Company historical sales record.

-Important improvements in our production processes, such as efficiencies resulting from investments in productivity projects, as well as a reduction in operating expenses as a percentage of sales, which allowed Bachoco to partially offset cost increases.

-Cost of sales continues to increase, driven mainly by increases in volume sold and sustained high raw materials prices, even though prices were more stable than in 2011.

During 2012, the Company continued to integrate the operations of OK Foods, acquired in November of 2011, which has resulted in positive results to the Company and we keep focusing our efforts towards improving its daily operations.

 

In 2011,2012, the national economy grew 3.9%, andCompany’s management decided it was generally marked by uncertainty caused by high volatility in the world economy.best interests of the Company to tap into the local bond market in order to diversify its debt instruments and open up more sources of financing.

Therefore, in August 2012, the Company successfully issued its first local bond, for a tenor of 5 years, maturing in 2017. The bonds issued had an interest rate of 28-day TIIE, offering a yield of TIIE + 0.60% to investors. The principal will be amortized at face value, in one payment, on the date of maturity. The funds obtained were used primarily to pre-pay certain outstanding debt, some of which was previously incurred in the context of our acquisition of OK Foods.

29

Macroeconomic Conditions in Mexico

The Mexican inflation rate does not have a material effect on Bachoco’s financial performance. According to statistics released by theBanco de Mexico, the inflation rate was 3.6% in 2012, while the GDP grew by 3.9% during the same year. In general, economic conditions in Mexico have been stable, which resulted in stability of the Mexican peso during most of the year. The Mexican peso remained especially volatile towardsin 2012 appreciated by 7.9% as compared against the endyear-end of the year, ending with a depreciation of 13.0 % with respect to the U.S. dollar when compared with the end year of 2010, while the inflation rate in Mexico was 3.8%.2011.

 

According to theUnión Nacional de Avicultores en Mexico (National Association of Poultry Farmers in Mexico), during 2011,UNA estimates for 2012, the total chicken volume of chicken produced in Mexico grew 3.4% and consumptionabout 1.5% with an estimated per capita was 25.6 kg. Additionally, tableconsumption of 25.7 kilograms of chicken per year and the total egg productionvolume produced in Mexico grew 2.5% and consumption1.5% with an estimated per capita was 22.4 kg.consumption of 22.5 kilograms of eggs per year.

In general, the poultry industry and, consequently, Bachoco, continued experiencing high production costs during the entire 2011 fiscal year, caused mainly by the high costs of raw materials.

Net sales of the Company for the 2011 fiscal year increased 12.2% as compared to the prior year, resulting in the highest sales billed in the history of the Company.

The chicken products line, the Company’s main source of income, was marked by an oversupply during most of 2011, with an important recovery towards the end of the year. Nevertheless, it was insufficient to reverse the negative results recorded during most of the year.

Export sales from Mexico as percentage of our total sales are only slightly representative. However, we recorded a 70.0% increase in our export sales over the prior fiscal year. This increase is mainly due the marketing to new foreign customers.

In 2011, we experienced a significant growth mainly through the following: On August 20, 2011, the Company reached an agreement with Grupo OSIG to acquire Trosi de Carnes, S.A. de C.V. under a business combination agreement. This facility is located in Monterrey. It produces and sells processed beef. The Company paid Ps. 57.7 million for this acquisition.

On November 1, 2011 we acquire OK. Foods, Inc. a fully-integrated U.S. company. Headquartered in Fort Smith, Arkansas, O.K. Industries operates facilities across the River Valley area in Arkansas and Oklahoma, processing 2.5 million chickens per week. With this acquisition, Bachoco might increase its sales around 30.0%. The Company paid US$93.4 million for O.K. Industries. Under USGAAP and IFRS principles, we determine that this acquisition has generated a profit of US$76.4 million equivalent to Ps. 1,038.0.

In addition, the Company carried out a purchase of three distribution centers located all in the state of Baja California Sur, with which it expanded its domestic coverage. The Company paid Ps. 55.5 million for this acquisition.

We are an important source of employment. At the closing of the 2011 fiscal year, we had provided more than 25,300 direct jobs, most of them in Mexico. At Bachoco, we believe in our personnel’s permanence and development. We have highly specialized and qualified employees in their different areas, which gives us confidence and results in high productivity in our processes.

 

A.Operating Results under IFRS

The following financial information for 2012 is reflected in millions of pesos unless otherwise indicated, with comparative figures for the same periods in 2011, was prepared under IFRS, and should be read in conjunction with our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

 

The following table sets forth selected components of our results of operations as a percentage of net revenues for each of the periods indicated:

  For year ended December 31, 
In percentages 2009  2010  2011 
Net revenues  100.0   100.0   100.0 
Cost of sales  (83.1)  (78.9)  (89.3)
Gross profit  16.9   21.1   10.7 
Selling, general and administrative expenses  (10.8)  (11.1)  (10.6)
Operating income  6.1   10.0   0.0 
Comprehensive financing income (loss)  (0.6)  0.5   0.6 
Taxes (benefit)  (1.7)  2.0   (0.1)
Net income (loss)  3.5   8.0   0.6 

  As of December 31, 
  2011  2012 
Net revenues Ps.27,735.0   100.0% Ps.39,367.4   100.0%
Cost of sales  24,797.0   89.4%  33,318.2   84.6%
Gross profit  2,938.0   10.6%  6,049.2   15.4%
General, selling and administrative expenses  2,974.7   10.7%  3,396.7   8.6%
Other income (expenses),  net  1,000.0   3.6%  (23.8)  (0.1)%
Operating income  963.2   3.5%  2,628.8   6.7%
Net finance income  177.6   0.6%  165.0   0.4%
Income tax  (38.6)  (0.1)%  602.0   1.5%
Profit for the year  1,179.4   4.3%  2,191.8   5.6%

 

The following table sets forth, for each of the periods indicated, our net revenues by main product lines as a percentage of total net revenues, in each period:

 

  For year ended December  31, 
In percentages over sales 2009  2010  2011 
Chicken  78.3   81.3   81.6 
Eggs  10.1   8.5   7.5 
Feed  6.3   5.6   6.7 
Swine and others  5.3   4.6   4.2 
Total revenues  100.0   100.0   100.0 

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements. Our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with Mexican FRS, which differs in certain respects from U.S. GAAP. Note 23 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements provides a description of the principal differences between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP, as they relate to us, and a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP of consolidated stockholders’ equity, net income, a consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity and a consolidated statement of cash flows under U.S. GAAP as of December 31, 2010 and 2011 and for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011.

NET REVENUES BY BUSINESS LINES   
  As of December 31, 
  2011  2012 
Net Revenues: Ps.27,735.0   100.0% Ps.39,367.4   100.0%
Chicken  22,611.3   81.5%  32,989.5   83.8%
In Mexico  21,232.5   76.5%  24,818.0   63.0%
In the U.S.  1,378.8   5.0%  8,171.5   20.8%
Eggs(1)  2,085.9   7.5%  2,807.7   7.1%
Balanced feed(1)  1,853.2   6.7%  1,979.0   5.0%
Other business lines(1)  1,184.6   4.2%  1591.2   4.1%
26(1)Revenues from eggs, balanced feed and other business lines originate from sales in Mexico.

  For year ended December 31, 
Net Revenues 2009  2010  2011 
Chicken Ps.18,211.1  Ps.20,127.7  Ps.22,611.2 
In Mexico  18, 211.1   20,127.7   21,232.4 
In the U.S.(1)  -   -   1,378.8 
Eggs  2,356.8   2,101.8   2,085.9 
Balanced feed  1,465.6   1,380.8   1,853.2 
Swine and other business lines  1,229.4   1,105.2   1,184.7 
Total Revenues Ps. 23,262.9  Ps.24,715.5  Ps.27,735.0 

(1 )Net Revenues Includes only sales of November and December, 2011, date on which O.K. was acquired.

 

2011 vs. 2010

TheIn 2012, we reported the highest sales in the Company’s nethistory. Net sales for fiscal year 20112012 totaled Ps. 39,367.4 million, 41.9% more than Ps. 27,735.0 million pesos, 12.2% more thanof net sales recorded in 2011. This increase was due to higher sales of chicken, which resulted from the consolidation of OK Foods into our results of operations. Below is a breakdown of such sales:

- Chicken products sales registered in 2010,increased 45.9% during 2012 as a result of increased sales of chicken driven by the 2.6% increase in prices and 9.0% increaseintegration of our new operation in the volume sold.U.S.

 

Chicken products- Sales of eggs increased 34.6% during the 2012 fiscal year. The increased sales increased 12.2% during 2011 as a result of a 2.9% price increase and a 9.0% volume increase. The increase in volume is attributed mainly due to a greater production resulting from the acquisition of O.K. Industries.

Table eggs sales decreased 0.8% during the 2011 fiscal year, although the price increased 5.7%; however, the sold volume decreased 6.1%. Decrease in volume is mainly due less eggs production in Mexicali facility, which had been lost due to the April 2010 earthquake. By the endfull recovery of 2011, theour production capacity in the Mexicali operationfacility, which was almost totally restored.damaged by an earthquake in 2010. Additionally, we observed a recovery in the prices of eggs during 2012, which had been lagging in recent years.

 

- Balanced feed sales conducted under the CAMPI trademark, had an increase of 34.2%6.8% in the 2011 fiscal year,2012, as a result of an increase of 16.0%15.1% in prices, and 15.7%partially offset by 7.2% decrease in volume sold. This recovery comesin prices has continued after a couple of years of significant increases in its production costs.costs, and the reduction in volume is mainly a consequence of recent increased competition and hence supply in this market.

 

Other- As noted previously, our other business lines of the Company include:comprise live swine sales, sales of value added turkey and beef products, vaccines and other by-products. All these lines account on an individual basis for less than 1% of the Company’s total sales. In this respect, it is important to point out the significant growth in sales of value added2012, value-added beef products in the last quarter of 2011, as a consequence of more production capacity resulted from the integration of Trosi to the rest of the Company.and swine experienced significant sales growth.

2010 vs. 2009

In 2010, we recorded net sales of Ps. 24,715.5 million, a 6.2% increase with respect to the Ps. 23,262.9 million sales reported in 2009. A detail of sales by segment follows.

Sales in our chicken segment totaled Ps. 20,127.7 million during 2010, an increase of 10.5% as compared to 2009. This result is due to an increase of 3.3% in chicken prices and a 7.2% increase in volume sold, which is a record for the Company. Chicken sales accounted for 81.3% of overall sales.

Throughout 2010, the egg business line in our Company faced oversupply conditions, which increased pressure on egg prices. Sales of these products totaled Ps. 2,101.8 million pesos in 2010, 10.8% lower than the Ps. 2,356.8 million recorded in 2009. This reduction in sales is mainly due to a fall of 9.9% in egg prices and 1.0% decrease in volume sold. Egg sales accounted for 8.5% of overall sales.Operating Results

 

The Company sells balanced feedfollowing table sets forth a breakdown of our operating results for livestock and pet industry. This segment was affected in 2010 by the contraction in demand during mosteach of the year, with a slight recovery by the fourth quarter. Sales of these products were Ps. 1,380.8 million, 5.8% below the recorded sales of Ps. 1,465.6 million in 2009. In 2010, this business line accounted for 5.6% of total sales.

During 2010, results in our swine business were very favorable primarily because of a healthy balance between supply and demand. Sales totaled Ps. 297.1 million, 26.8% higher than sales in 2009, which were Ps. 234.3 million. This is due to an increase of 16.0% in prices and 9.3% in sales volume. Sales of this product represent almost 1% of total sales of the Company.periods indicated:

 

The Company's other business segments are: by-products, and value-added products of turkey and beef, which together represent approximately 3.5% of total sales. During 2010, sales of other lines decreased 13.0% due mainly to a decline in the sales of by-products.

  For year ended December 31, 
Cost of Sales 2009  2010  2011 
Total cost of sales Ps.19,326.8   19,500.7   24,773.2 
Gross Profit Ps.3,936.1   5,214.8   2,961.8 
Gross margin %16.9  21.1   10.7 
OPERATING RESULTS   
  As of December 31, 
  2011  2012 
Net revenues Ps.27,735.0   100.0% Ps.39,367.4   100.0%
Cost of sales  24,797.0   89.4%  33,318.2   84.6%
Gross profit  2,938.0   10.6%  6,049.2   15.4%
General, selling and administrative expenses  2,974.7   10.7%  3,396.7   8.6%
Other income (expense) net  1,000.0   3.6%  (23.8)  (0.1)%
Operating income  963.2   3.5%  2,628.8   6.7%

 

2011 vs. 2010Gross Profit

Total cost of sales increased 27.0%34.4% for year 2011,2012, when compared to the year 2010. The production cost of chicken per unit2011. This increase was the most affected, it increased around 19.0% in 2011 vs. 2010.

Balanced feed cost is the single largest component of our cost of sales. In 2011, balanced feed cost was negatively affectedprincipally driven by increases in cornthe production costs of chicken, eggs and balanced feed for year 2012 which increased 10.5%, 10.8%, and 11.2%, respectively, when compared to the year 2011.

Corn, sorghum and soybean meal resultingare the main components of our production costs. These components are subject to high volatility caused by supply, weather conditions and exchange rates, among others. For year 2012, we obtained approximately 47.0% of our corn needs from lower supply inventories, worldwideMexico, and in particular to a volatile exchange rate of peso–dollar. In 2011, 55.4% of the corn that we purchasedremaining 53.0% was bought in from the U.S., priced in dollars.

TheOur gross profit for 2011 wasin 2012 totaled Ps. 2,961.86,049.2 million, with a gross margin of 10.7%15.4%. This represented a decreasean increase of 43.2%105.9% as compared to the previous year, mainly due to the high production costs that could not be passed through toincrease in our customers.net revenues s in 2012

General, Selling and Administrative Expenses

 

2010 vs. 2009

In 2010, cost of sales was2012, General, selling and administrative expenses totaled Ps. 19,500.73,396.7 million, compared to Ps. 19,326.82,974.7 million in 2009, representing 2.9% decrease in the cost of sales per unit. This was mainly due to increased efficiencies in our production indicators and an adequate administration of our grain hedging.

2011. As a result of the reductionour strict monitoring of operating expenses, we reported improvements in our costtotal expenses year over year. In 2012, our general, selling and administrative expenses represented 8.6% of total sales per unitcompared to 10.7% reported in 2011.

Other Income (Expense) Net

Other income (expense) includes the selling of unused assets as well as the selling of hens and increases inother by-products. We record such sales as expenses when the volumesale price is lower than the book value of chicken and swine sold, the Company registered a gross profit for 2010those assets.

In 2012, we recorded other expenses of Ps. 5,214.8 million with a margin of 21.2%, up from a margin of 16.9% in 2009.

  For year ended December 31, 
Operating Income ad EBITDA 2009  2010  2011 
Selling and administrative expenses Ps. 2,522.3   2,751.8   2,951.9 
Operating income Ps.1,413.8   2,463.0   9.9 
Operating margin  %6.1  10.0   0.0 
EBITDA result Ps. 2,076.4   3,155.6   735.9 
EBITDA margin %8.9  12.8   2.7 

2011 vs. 2010

Bachoco recorded an operating income of Ps. 9.9 million at the closing of 2011, a significant decrease compared with the operating income of Ps. 2,463.0 million recorded in 2010. The optimization of production indexes, general expense control and considerable increases in net sales of the Company, were insufficient to counterbalance the increases in the production cost.

The result of the EBITDA in 2011 was Ps. 735.9 million, which represented 76.7% decrease compared to the Ps. 3,155.6 million of EBITDA reported in 2010.

2010 vs. 2009

Total operating expenses in 2010 were Ps. 2,751.823.8 million, compared with Ps. 2,522.31,000.0 million of other income reported in 2009,2011; this is mainly attributed to a gain on the purchase price in the business acquisition of OK Foods in November of 2011. For more details see Note 31 of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

Operating Income

Operating income in 2012, totaled $2,628.8 million, 172.9% higher than $963.2 million of other income reported in 2011, which primarily reflected thewas mainly a result of an increase in sales in 2012.

Net Finance Income

The following table sets forth our distribution and administrative expenses. Asnet finance income for each of the periods indicated:

NET FINANCE INCOME
  As of December 31, 
  2011  2012 
Net finance income Ps.177.6  Ps.165.0 
Financial income  248.3   270.0 
Financial expense  70.6   105.0 

We reported a result the Company achievedcomprehensive financial income of Ps. 2,463.0165.0 million or a margin of 10.0%. This figure is higher than the operating income reached in 2009 of Ps. 1,413.8 million, or a margin of 6.1%.

The EBITDA for year 2010 was Ps. 3,155.6 million, a margin of 12.8%2012 compared to and EBITDA result of Ps. 2,076.4 million and 8.9% margin reported in 2009.

  For year ended December 31, 
Comprehensive Financial Results 2009  2010  2011 
Comprehensive financial result: Ps.(133.2)  Ps.122.1  Ps.177.6 
Net interest income and valuation effects of financial instruments  (95.3)  111.0   123.1 
Foreign Exchange gain (loss)  (38.0)  11.1   54.5 

2011 vs. 2010

In 2011, we hadwith comprehensive financial income of Ps. 177.6 million compared within 2011. This was mainly due to interest earned on the Company’s cash position, which remained strong throughout both years.

The financial income of Ps. 122.1270.0 million in 2010. The2012, was mainly due to the Ps. 222.1 million of gain is mainly attributable to ain interest, Ps. 35.2 million of gain in exchange rate, net, and Ps. 12.8 million of gain in valuation effects of financial instruments, and netwhich result was partially offset by Ps. 105.0 million of interest paid in 2012.

In 2011, financial income totaled Ps. 248.3 million, mainly as a result of Ps. 123.1193.8 million recorded in 2011. We also recordedinterest gain and an exchange gain, net of $54.5 million, which result was partially offset by interest paid in 2011 of Ps. 54.569.7 million compared to an exchange gainand Ps. 0.9 million as a result of Ps. 11.1 millionvaluation effect in 2010.financial instruments.

For more details see Note 30 of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

Taxes

 

2010 vs. 2009

In 2010, we recorded comprehensive financial incomeThe following table sets forth our tax position for each of Ps. 122.1 million, compared with a lossthe periods indicated, which is described in more detail in Note 21 of Ps. 133.2 million in 2009. The result is mainly attributable to a gain in valuation effects of financial instruments and net interest of Ps. 111.0 million in 2010, while in 2009; we registered a valuation effect of financial instruments and net interest loss of Ps. 95.3 million. In 2010 we recorded an exchange gain of Ps. 11.1 million, compared to an exchange loss of Ps. 37.9 million in 2009.our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements included herein:

 

  For year ended December 31, 
Income Taxes 2009  2010  2011 
Total income tax (benefit) expense Ps.406.4  Ps.503.4  Ps.(40.5)
Income tax  103.5   495.8   69.6 
Flat rate business tax  0.4   0.0   0.0 
Deferred Income tax  302.5   7.6   (110.1)

TAXES      
  As of December 31, 
  2011  2012 
Total income taxes (benefit) expense, Ps.(38.6) Ps.602.0 
Income tax  69.6   366.4 
Deferred income tax  (100.3)  207.1 
Income tax in the U.S.  (7.8)  28.5 

 

2011 vs. 2010

Total taxes in 2011 were a benefit of2012 totaled Ps. 40.5602.0 million, compared to a chargetax benefit of Ps. 503.438.6 million reported in 2010.2011. This benefitdecrease was primarily a result of strong results and income in 2012 compared with a weak performance in our 2011 is mainly due to income tax of Ps. 69.6 million, offset with deferred income tax of Ps. 110.1 million.results.

The

In 2012, the main components of the Incomeincome tax areexpense are: a) computed “expected” tax expense for Ps.24.9Ps. 586.7 million, andwhich represents 21.0% of total income tax expense; b) the effect of companies outside of simplified regime for Ps.33.1. Ps.61.8 million, which represents 2.0% of total income tax expense; and c) the net tax effect of inflation for Ps. (47.6) million, which represents (2.0%) of total income tax expense.

In 2011, the main components of the income tax benefit are: a) computed “expected” tax expense for Ps. 239.6 million, which represents 21.0% of total income tax benefit; b) the effect of companies outside of simplified regime for Ps.27.0 million, which represents 2.0% of total income tax benefit; c) the non-taxable gain on purchase of foreign subsidiary for Ps. (220.0) million, which represents (19.0%) of total income tax benefit, and d) the net tax effect of inflation for Ps. (67.9) million, which represents (6.0%) of total income tax benefit.

For more details on our tax position, see Note 21-c) of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

The main components of deferred income tax in 2012 are ana slight increase in deferred tax assets for Ps.287.9Ps.12.9 million when compared with year 2011, partially compensated by an increase in deferred tax liabilities for Ps. 6.0210.8 million, andmainly due to an increase in deferred tax assets-foreign subsidiary for Ps.174.1 million.assets-inventories in 2012.

 

For more detaildetails on our tax position, see Note 1921-d) of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.Statements

33

Profit for the year

 

2010 vs. 2009The following table sets forth our profit for the year for each of the periods indicated:

Total taxes recognized by

PROFIT FOR THE YEAR   
  For the years ended December 31, 
  2011  2012 
Profit for the year Ps.1,179.4   4.3% Ps.2,191.8   5.6%
Net controlled interest  1,177.3       2,184.6     
Net non-controlling interest  2.1       7.2     
Basic and diluted earnings per share (in pesos)  1.96       3.65     
Net income per ADR (in pesos)  23.52       43.80     

As a result of the Companyreasons detailed above, our profit for the year in 2010 amounted to2012 totaled Ps. 503.42,191.8 million, or Ps. 3.65 per basic and diluted share (Ps. 43.80 per ADR), an increase when compared to Ps. 406.41,179.4 million in net income or Ps. 1.96 per basic and diluted share (Ps. 23.52 per ADR) reported in 2009. This represents an income tax of Ps. 495.8 million and deferred income tax of Ps. 7.6 million in 2010, comparable to income tax of Ps. 103.9 million and deferred income tax of Ps. 302.5 million in 2009. The decrease in deferred taxes in 2010 compared to 2009 is mainly that in 2009 we recognized a single charge of Ps. 188.8 million of deferred taxes, as a result of a tax reform authorized beginning in 2010, the tax rate is increased from 19% to 21% in the simplified regime.2011.

 

  For year ended December 31, 
Net Controlling Income 2009  2010  2011 
Net controlling income Ps.797.6  Ps.1,983.4  Ps.157.0 
Net margin 3.4  8.0  0.5

2011 vs. 2010

Net controlling income for year 2011 totaled Ps. 157.0 million, or Ps. 0.26 per share (US$0.22 per ADS), a sharp decrease as compared to income in 2010, which amounted Ps. 1,983.5 million or Ps. 3.31 per share (US$ 2.84 per ADS). NetOur net consolidated margin in 20112012 was a profit of 0.6% compared to a profit of 8.0% reached in 2010.

2010 vs. 2009

Net controlling interest income for year 2010 was Ps. 1,983.4 million, or Ps. 3.31 per share (US. $2.84 per ADS),5.6% compared to a net controlling interest incomeconsolidated margin of 4.3% in 2011.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Result

EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA in 2012 reached Ps. 3,466.6 and Ps. 3,490.4 million respectively, representing a margin of 8.8% and 8.9%, compared to EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA in 2011 of Ps. 797.61,709.0 and Ps. 709.0 million or Ps. 1.33 per share in 2009 (US. $1.14 per ADS) In terms of margin, the Company reachedand a net controlling margin of 8.0%, significantly higher than6.2% and, 2.6% respectively.

The following table shows reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin to consolidated net income for each of the 3.5% net margin reported in the previous year.periods indicated.

ADJUSTED EBITDA   
  For the years ended December 31, 
  2011  2012 
Net income Ps.1,179.4  Ps.2,191.8 
Income tax expense (benefit)  (38.6)  602.0 
Net finance income  (177.6)  (165.0)
Depreciation and amortization  745.8   837.8 
EBITDA result Ps.1,709.0  Ps.3,466.6 
EBITDA margin (%)  6.2   8.8 
Other (income) expense, net  (1,000.0)  23.8 
Adjusted EBITDA result Ps.709.0  Ps.3,490.4 
Adjusted EBITDA margin (%)  2.6   8.9 
Net revenues Ps.27,735.0  Ps.39,367.4 

Critical Fiscal and Accounting Policies

 

The following information is a summary of the fiscal and accounting policies that could materially affect the Company’s operations or investments.

34

Income Tax, Asset Tax and Flat Rate Business Tax, Year 20112012

 

Industrias Bachoco and alleach of its subsidiaries file separate income tax returns. Bachoco, S.A. de C.V., the Company’s main subsidiary, is subject to the simplified regime. This simplified regime is applicable to agriculture, cattle-raising and fishing, among others.

 

O.K. Industries, subsidiary is located in the U.S. and it has a different fiscal period that the rest of the subsidiaries located in Mexico. O.K. Industries’ fiscal year ends in April each year, while the rest of the Companies end in December.

 

For more information please see Note 2-v)2-p) and, Note 19-a) and d)21 of the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

Income Tax

In 2009, a tax reform was authorized by which, as of 2010, the tax rate was increased from 19.0% to 21.0% in the simplified regime and from 28.0% to 30.0% in the general regime. Therefore, in fiscal year 2011 and beyond the income tax rate was 21.0% for the simplified regime and 30.0% for the general regime.

The Company recognized the result of this change in 2009, in a charge to results of Ps. 188.8 million, which is reflected in deferred taxes under the line item “Adjustment to deferredincome tax assets and liabilitiesrate for enacted changes in tax law and rates.” OK Foods was 38.79%.

See Note 19-a)21-a) of the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.

Flat Rate Business Tax (IETU)(or IETU)

On

The IETU was published on October 1, 2007 new laws were published and a number of tax laws were revised relating to the Flat Rate Business Tax (IETU). These lawsit came into effect on January 1, 2008. TheCurrently the IETU rate was set at 16.5% for 2008, 17.0% for 2009 andis 17.5% for 2010 and thereafter,, based on cash flows, and limits certain deductions. The IETU is required to be paid only when it is greater than the income tax to be paid in any given year. To determine the IETU base in a given year, gross income tax (before subtracting deductions) is subtracted from the net income tax (after subtracting deductions), with the difference being the IETU base. If a negative IETU base is determined because deductions exceed income tax, there will be no IETU payable. Instead, the amount of the negative IETU payable base multiplied by the IETU rate results in an IETU credit, which may be applied against the income tax due for the same year or, if applicable, against any IETU payable in the next ten years. See Note 19-b)21-b) of the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.

Asset Tax (AT)

In 2007, a new law was enacted that resulted in the derogation of the asset tax law beginning on January 1, 2008. In 2007, the asset tax rate was payable at 1.25% and liabilities were no longer deductible from the asset tax base. At December 31, 2011, the Company had Ps. 5.0 million in asset tax credits. See Note 19-c) to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for more detail.

Base Year 

Asset tax restated at 

December 31, 2011 in million

   

Year of 

expiration

 
2005 Ps.1.6   2015 
2006 Ps.3.4   2016 

Deferred income tax in O.K. Industries

Deferred income taxestax of OK Industries is included in the consolidated deferred income tax of Bachoco, and relate primarily to the use of the farm price method of accounting for inventories for tax purposes and certain self-insurance and other accruals and reserves, as well as temporary differences between financial statement and tax return recognition of certain inventory costs, sales and other amounts resulting from the previous use of the cash basis of accounting for income tax purposes by the subsidiary’s agricultural production operations, as well as differences in basis and depreciation methods used on certain assets.

Reconciliation to U.S. GAAPUse of Estimates and Judgments in Certain Accounting Policies

The Company’spreparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the facts and circumstances that support a change in estimates occur and in any future periods affected.

Information about critical judgments in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized is included in the following notes to the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements:

• Note 10 – valuation of financial instruments

• Note 11 – allowance for doubtful accounts

• Note 12 – inventories

• Note 13 – biological assets

• Note 15 – assetsavailable for sale

• Note 16 – useful lives of property, plant and equipment

• Note 21 – deferred income tax assets

• Note 22 – measurement defined labor obligation

The information on assumptions and uncertainty of estimates having a significant risk of an material adjustment in the next year is included in the note to the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with Mexican Financial Reporting Standards (“MexFRS”), which differ in certain respects from U.S. GAAP.below:

• Note 28 – contingencies.

Allowance for Productivity Declines

 

The principal differences between MexFRSCompany records the necessary allowances to recognize declines in the value of its inventory impairment, obsolescence, slow movement and U.S. GAAP, as they relate to us, with an explanation, where appropriate,other factors that may indicate that the use or performance of the method useditems that are part of inventory may be lower than their carrying value

Inventory Valuation

Inventory is measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The cost of inventory is based on the average costs, and includes expenditure incurred in acquiring such inventory, production or conversion costs, and other costs incurred in bringing them to determinetheir existing location and condition.

Net realizable value is the adjustments that affect income and stockholders’ equity, and any additional applicable disclosures as applicable are describedestimated selling price in the Note 23ordinary course of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements. Our consolidated net income under U.S. GAAP was a net incomebusiness, less the estimated costs of Ps. 798.4 million in 2009, a net incomecompletion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

Cost of Ps. 1,978.0 million in 2010 and a net incomesales represents cost of Ps. 1,180.7 million in 2011, compared to a net incomeinventory at the time of Ps. 809.0 million, a net income of Ps. 1,986.3 million and, a net income of Ps.159.1 million, respectively, under Mexican FRS.

Bachoco has applied Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (included in FASB ASC Subtopic 740-10- Income taxes – Overall) (FIN 48.) Accounting for Income Taxes for all periods presented. The deferred tax adjustment includedsale, plus, if applicable, any reductions in the net income and stockholders’ equity reconciliations includes the effectrealizable value of deferred taxes on all U.S. GAAP adjustments reflected in the reconciliation from Mexican FRS to U.S. GAAP. Under U.S. GAAP, the Company recognizes a deferred tax liability associated with profits originatedinventory during the simplified regimeyear.

Agriculture

Biological assets are measured at fair value less costs of sale, with any change therein recognized as profit or loss. Costs of sale include all costs that have not paid income tax previously, but would be subjectnecessary to taxation upon future distributions undersell the Mexican tax law. Due to the accounting changeassets. The Company’s biological assets consist of hens in Mexican FRS in 2008, this concept generates a reconciling difference to U.S. GAAP. The deferred tax liability under this concept was a charge of Ps. 309.1production, laying and a benefit of Ps. 270.0 million as of December 31, 2010breeder hens, incubatable eggs and 2011, respectively.breeder pigs.

For U.S. GAAP purposes, goodwill is reviewed for impairment at least annually in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other. Up to December 31, 2004, we recognized an accumulated effect (increase in equity) of Ps. 58.7 million for the non amortization of goodwill, under U.S. GAAP. The Company performs its annual impairment review of goodwill at December 31, and when a triggering event occurs between annual impairment tests. In 2009, 2010 and 2011, no triggering events occurred and the annual impairment test did not reflect any impairment concern.

The fair value of financial instruments is the amount at which a financial instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties other than in a forced sale or liquidation. When possible, we use quoted market prices to determine fair value. Where quoted market prices are not available, the fair value is internally derived based upon appropriate valuation methodologies with respect tocannot be reliably, verifiably and objectively determined, the amountassets are valued at production cost less accumulated depreciation and timing of future cash flows and estimated discount rates for both counterparty and entity’s own risk. However, considerable judgment is required in interpreting market data to develop estimates of fair value, so the estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized or would be paid in a current market exchange. The effect of using different market assumptions or estimation methodologies could be material to the estimated fair values.any cumulative impairment loss.

 

Fair value information presented in Note 23 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements is based on information available at December 31, 2010 and 2011. Although we are not aware of any factors that would significantly affect the estimated fair value amounts, such amounts have not been updated since those dates; therefore, the current estimates of fair value at dates after December 31, 2011 and 2010, could differ from these amounts.

Use of Estimates in Certain Accounting Policies

In preparing our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements, we make estimates concerning a variety of matters. Some of these matters are highly uncertain, and the estimates involve judgments based on the information available to us. The discussion below identifies matters for which the financial presentation would be materially affected (a) if we relied on different estimates that we could reasonably use, or (b) if in the future we change our estimates in response to changes that are reasonably likely to occur.

The discussion below addresses only those estimates that we consider most important based on the degree of uncertainty and the likelihood of a material impact if we used a different estimate. There are many other areas in which we use estimates about uncertain matters, but the reasonably likely effect of changed or different estimates would not be material to our financial results.

Estimated Useful Lives of Property, Plant and Equipment

We estimate the useful lives of our property, plant and equipment in order to determine the amount of depreciation expense to be recorded in each period. The current estimates of useful lives are based on estimates made by an independent appraiser in 1996. Those estimates have been adjusted when applicable, based on historical experience with similar assets that we own.

Accumulated depreciation expense for property, plant and equipment in 2011 amounted to Ps. 8.7 billion. As applied to our 2011 financial results, the depreciation and amortization was Ps. 726.1 million, or 2.6% of our net revenues. For further explanation, see Notes 2-c) and 9 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

Allowance for Productivity Declines

The allowance for declineCumulative impairment loss in productivity of ourpoultry and breeder chickens and swine is estimated based on the future expected future life under straight line method. and determined on a straight-line basis.

The agricultural products obtained from biological assets are live chicken, processed chicken, commercial eggs and swine available for sale, which are recognized as inventory in the statement of financial position.

The Company is exposed to financial risks related to changes in chicken price. The Company does not expect a significant drop in chicken price in the future; therefore, it has not entered into any financial derivative agreement or contract for managing the risk related to a decrease in chicken price.

The Company reviews the chicken prices frequently so as to evaluate the need for having financial instrument, to manage such risk. The biological assets were classified in current and non-current assets, based on their availability and business cycle.

Measurement and monitoring of accounts receivable

The Company has a policy in place whereby an allowance for doubtful accounts is established for balances of accounts which are likely to be recovered. For establishing the required reserve, the Company considers historical losses in evaluating the current market conditions as well as the financial condition of customers, accounts receivable in dispute, price differences, the aging of the portfolio and present payment patterns.

See Note 2-h) in3-i) of our Audited Consolidated Financialfinancial Statements for more detail.

Inventory Valuation

At December 31, 2010 and 2011, our inventories are stated at the lower of historical cost determined by the average cost method or market (replacement cost), provided that replacement cost is not less than net realizable valuePension Plan

 

AgricultureBenefit plan in Mexican operations

 

Our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements recognize the requirements of Mexican FRS E-1, “Agriculture,” which establishes the rules for recognizing, measuring, presenting and disclosing biological assets and agricultural products.

Mexican FRS E-1 requires biological assets and agricultural products (the latter at the time of harvesting) to be valued at their fair value, net of the estimated costs at the point of sale. Bulletin E-1 also establishes that whenever the fair value cannot be determined in a reliable, verifiable and objective manner, the assets are to be valued at their production cost, net of impairment loss.

Agricultural products are live chickens, processed chickens, commercial eggs and pigs available for sale. The Company’s biological assets are comprised of poultry in their different stages, incubatable eggs and breeder pigs.

Broiler chicks less than six and a half weeks old, incubatable eggs, breeder pigs and laying hens are valued at production cost since it is not possible to determine their fair value in a reliable, verifiable and objective manner.

Broilers more than six and a half weeks old through their date of sale are valued at fair value net of estimated point-of-sale costs, considering the price per kilogram of processed chicken at the valuation date.

Processed chicken and commercial eggs are valued at fair value net of estimated point-of-sale costs, considering the price per kilogram of processed chicken and commercial eggs at the time such items are considered as agricultural products. From such date through the date of sale, the fair value is considered to be the cost of processed chicken or commercial eggs, not in excess of net realizable value.

We are exposed to financial risks due to changes in the price of chicken. We estimate that the price of chicken will not fall sharply or significantly in the near future; consequently, we have not entered into any derivative agreement or any other type of agreement to offset the risk of a drop in the price of chicken.

For more details, see “Inventories and biological assets” in Note 7 of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company’s policy is to record an allowance for doubtful accounts for balances which are not likely to be recovered. In establishing the required allowance, management considers historical losses, current market conditions, and our customers’ financial condition, the amount of receivables in dispute originated by price differences and the aging of our current receivable and current payment patterns.

Pension Plan

We haveBachoco has a retirement plan in which all non-union workers in Mexico participate. Pension benefits are determined based on the salary of workers in their final three years of service, the number of years worked in the Company and their age at retirement.

This plan includes:

-Defined contribution plan: This fund consists ofplan. A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions into a separate entity and has no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. Obligations for contributions to defined contribution plans are recognized as an employee and Company contributions. The employee contribution percentage ranges from 1.0% to 5.0%. The Company contribution ranges from 1.0% to 2.0%benefit expense in profit or loss in the case of employees with less than 10 years’ seniority, andperiods during which related services are rendered by employees. Prepaid contributions are recognized as an asset to the sameextent that a cash refund or a reduction in future payments is available. Contributions to a defined contribution percentage as the employee (up to 5.0%) when the employee hasplan that is due more than 10 years’ seniority.12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the service are discounted to their present value.

 

-Defined benefit plan: This fund consists solely ofplan. A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. It is funded only by contributions made by the Company contributions and coversis intended to satisfy the Company'sCompany’s labor obligations with each employee.to employees.

 

37

Seniority premiums and severance payments are paid to workers as required by Mexican labor law.

Benefit plan in U.S. operations

 

We recognize the liability for pension benefits, seniority premiums and termination benefits (severance payments), based on independent actuarial computations using the projected unit-credit method and financial assumptions net of inflation.

The Company’sBachoco USA maintains a 401(k) defined contribution retirement plan covering all employees in the US, also accounts with a contribution plan, where themeeting certain eligibility requirements. The Company contributes withto the 50.0%plan at the rate of 50% of employee’s contributions up to a maximum of 2% of the individual employee’s contribution up to 2.0% of their remuneration.compensation.

 

See Note 2-q) and Note 1722 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements, for more detail regarding pension plan for Bachoco’s employees either in Mexico and the U.S.

Valuation Allowance for Deferred Tax Assets

In assessing our ability to realize deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that part or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized taking into account, that the final of our deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which such assets become deductible. We also consider the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. The valuation allowance for deferred tax assets as of January 1st, of 2010 and 2011 was Ps. 36.1 million and Ps. 53.3 million, respectively. For more information see Note 19-e) to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

B.Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

We are a holding company with no significant operations of our own. We principally engage in transactions with our subsidiaries. Our main subsidiaryprincipal sources of liquidity are:

-The sales of our products through our subsidiaries in the Mexican and U.S. markets;

-Credit lines we use from time to time; as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, the unused credit lines of the Company totaled Ps. 2,664.9 and Ps. 2,257.9 million respectively. The Company did not pay any commission or charge for the unused credits.

-The current local bond issue program available until August 2017. For more details please refer to Item 12 (“Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities”) of this Annual Report.

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS      
  As of January 1,  As of December 31, 
  2011  2011  2012 
Total cash and cash equivalents Ps.4,177.2  Ps.3,036.4  Ps.5,141.5 
Cash and cash equivalents  3,967.9   2,625.7   4,179.5 
Primary financial instruments  209.3   410.7   962.0 
Acid test ratio(1)  2.9x  1.4x  1.8x

(1) Our acid test ratio is Bachoco, which in 2011 accounted with the 81.37% of the total revenues of the Company.

  For the year ended December 31, 
Cash and cash equivalents 2009  2010  2011 
Total Cash and equivalents: Ps.2,551.0  Ps.4,177.2  Ps.3,036.4 
Cash and cash equivalents Ps.2,399.1  Ps.3,967.9  Ps.2,625.7 
Primary financial instruments  151.9   209.3   410.7 
Acid test ratio(1)  1.5   2.8   1.4 

(1) Currentcomputed by dividing current assets less inventories /currentby current liabilities

 

Our cash comes basically from the sales of our products in the Mexican and U.S. markets. Our second source of liquidity comes from credit lines we use from time to time.

2011 vs. 2010

In 2011,2012, cash and equivalents amountedtotaled Ps. 5,141.5 million, a 69.3% increase from the Ps. 3,036.4 million 27.3% less than Ps. 4,177.2 millionrecorded in 2010.2011. The decreaseincrease is mainly due to our strong operating results as well as cash resulting from our local bond issuance.

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE      
  As of January 1,  As of December 31, 
  2011  2011  2012 
Accounts receivable Ps.1,436.5  Ps.2,235.2  Ps.2,220.6 

Accounts receivable had a slight decrease, 0.7% when compared to 2011, our collection rate showed significant improvement during the payment for partsame period.

ACCOUNTS PAYABLE      
  As of January 1,  As of December 31, 
  2011  2011  2012 
Trade payable and other accounts payable Ps.1,966.0  Ps.2,921.4  Ps.3,445.2 

In 2012, accounts payable increased 17.9% when compared to 2011, mainly attributed to increases in the costs of the acquisition we completed in 2011, working capital increaseraw materials and the weak operating results.increase in our production volume which also lead to increases in our overall costs of sales. These cost increase in turn led to increase in our accounts payable.

TOTAL DEBT      
  As of January 1,  As of December 31, 
  2011  2011  2012 
Total Debt: Ps.646.9  Ps.1,837.4  Ps.2,723.7 
Short-term debt(1)  139.9   1,453.0   1,197.1 
Long-term debt(2)  507.1   384.4   26.6 
Long-term debt (Local bond issue)  0.0   0.0   1,500.0 

(1)Includes notes payable to banks and current portion of long-term debt.
(2)Does not include current portion of long-term debt.

 

2010 vs. 2009

In 2010, our financial position remained sound. In 2010, cash and cash equivalents and primary financial instruments increased toAs of December 31, 2012, total debt was Ps. 4,177.22,723.7 million, which compares positivelyan increase of 48.2% when compared to the Ps. 2,551.01,837.4 million reported in 2009. Therecorded as of December 31, 2011. This increase was mainly a result of our local bond issuance of Ps. 1,500.0 million in the second quarter of 2012. The bonds issued have an interest rate of 28-day TIIE, offering a yield of TIIE + 0.60% to investors. The funds obtained were used primarily dueused to pre-pay certain outstanding debt, some of which was previously incurred in the context of our positive operating results.

  For the years ended December 31, 
Debt 2009  2010  2011 
Accounts payable Ps.3,613.2  Ps.1,572.3  Ps.2,326.8 
Short-term debt  234.3   0.0   1,277.8 
Long-term debt(1)  729.5   647.0   559.6 
Debt ratio  0.26   0.23   0.30 

(1) Includes current installmentsacquisition of long-term debt-

(2) Total liabilities / total assetsOK Foods.

 

For details of maturity of our debt and the prevailing interest rate,rates, see Note 1218 of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

2011 vs. 2010

In general, totalThe following table is a reconciliation of Net debt increasedto Total Debt as a result of the recent acquisitions in Mexico and the U.S. Short-term debt totaled Ps. 1, 277.8, as the Company used US$ 75.0 million from one of its line of credits to partially fund the acquisition of O.K. Industries.dates indicated.

 

2010 vs. 2009

In 2010, our short- and long-term debt totaled Ps. 646.9 million, lower than the Ps. 963.8 million reported as fo December 31, 2009. This 32.9% of decrease primarily reflects the payment of our short term debt and some notes payable to banks.

  For the years ended December 31, 
  2009  2010  2011 
Working capital: Ps.3,325.3  Ps.3,333.6  Ps.4,824.0 
Current assets less cash and equivalents Ps.5,352.2  Ps.5,360.5  Ps.7,824.0 
Current liabilities less debt  2,026.9   2,026.9   3,000.0 
NET DEBT TO TOTAL DEBT      
  As of January 1,  As of December 31, 
  2011  2011  2012 
Total Debt Ps.646.9  Ps.1,837.4  Ps.2,723.7 
(-) Total cash and equivalents(1)  4,177.2   3,036.4   5,141.5 
(=) Net debt  (3,530.3)  (1,199.0)  (2,417.8)
(1)Includes primary financial instruments

 

WORKING CAPITAL   
  As of January 1,  As of December 31, 
  2011  2011  2012 
Working capital: Ps.3,333.6  Ps.4,872.9  Ps.5,707.0 
     Current assets less cash and equivalents  5,360.5   7,872.9   9,240.3 
      Current liabilities less short-term debt  2,026.9   3,000.0   3,533.3 
Current assets to current liabilities ratio(1)  2.6x  2.6x  2.6x

2011 vs. 2010(1) Ratio is computed by dividing current assets less cash and equivalents by current liabilities less short-term debt.

Our working capital increased by 17.1% in 20112012 as compared to 2010,2011, mainly due to an increase in our accounts receivable, inventories of raw materials and final and in process inventories. WeThis increase was partially offset by the increase with an increase in our accounts payable.

 

We considerbelieve that our current level of working capital is sufficient for the normalregular course of our operations. OurNevertheless, our working capital needs aremay be susceptible to change, dependingas they depend mainly on the cost of our main raw materials which affect or inventory cost, and on the level of accounts payable.

CAPITAL EXPENDITURES   
  As of December 31, 
  2011  2012 
Capital expenditures Ps.707.5  Ps.951.8 

  

The ratioMost of current assets to current liabilities decreased from 4.4 in 2010 to 2.3 in 2011.

2010 vs. 2009

Our working capital increased year over year from Ps. 5.2 billion on December 31, 2009 to Ps. 7.4 billion on December 31, 2010. Such increase was mainly due to an increase in the cash and investments and a decrease in derivative financial instruments as current liabilities accounts. The ratio of current assets to current liabilities on December 31, 2010 was 4.4.

   For the years ended December 31, 
   2009   2010   2011 
Capital Expenditures(1) Ps.944.1  Ps.  517.3   Ps. 707.5 

(1)Due to the effect from accounting changes, amounts may differ from previously reported for past years.

2011

Our capital expenditures in 2011 were paid with internal resources. In 2011, the capital investments in the Company totaled2012 and 2011 were financed with resources generated from our own operations.

In 2011 we made capital expenditures of Ps. 707.5 million, with which we implementedto implement new technologytechnologies in the processing plants located in Coatzacoalcos, Culiacan and Celaya. In Crelaya plant the CompanyAdditionally, in Celaya we built a water treatment plant and and lastly as every year. The Company also modernized itsupdated our transportation fleet.

2010

In 2010, capital investments amounted to Ps. 517.3 million, most of which were financed with resources generated from our own operations. These capital investments were used mainly to finance, productivity projects, production growing capabilities and infrastructure improvements to keep facilities in good operating conditions.

2010

In 2009,2012, we made capital expenditures of Ps. 944.1951.8 million, with which we entered into two main projects: (i) increased chicken production capacity in Chiapas, Sonora and Yucatán, and updatedwere used for the replacement of our transportation fleet, (ii) improved production capacitythe completion of certain expansion projects and the implementation of productivity projects across all of our facilities in both the Monterrey Complex.U.S. and Mexico.

 

  For the years ended December 31, 
   2009   2010   2011 
Operating Leases Ps.177.3  Ps.197.5  Ps.188.2 
OPERATING LEASES   
  As of December 31, 
  2011  2012 
Operating leases Ps.188.2  Ps.194.1 

We entered into operating leases for certain offices, production sites, computer equipment, and vehicles. These agreements have terms ranging between one and five years and some of them contain renewal options.

See Note 1424 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.

We are a holding company with no significant operationsFinancial Instruments

In the normal course of our own. We principally engagebusiness, we use various financial instruments that expose us to financial risks involving fluctuations in transactionscurrency exchange rates and to commodity price risk in connection with fluctuations in the prices for our subsidiaries. We will have distributable profitsfeed ingredients.

The main risk that the Company faces with the use of these derivative instruments is the volatility in the exchange rate of the peso against the U.S. dollar.

A strong variation in the exchange rates between the peso and cash to pay dividends only to the extent that we receive dividends fromdollar could affect our subsidiaries, principally BSACV. The amountfinancial results, as a greater percentage of dividends payable by our subsidiariessales are made in pesos, and us is also subject to general limitations under Mexican corporate law.a large percentage of our purchases of raw material are made in dollars.

 

We manage our exchange rate exposure primarily through management of our financial structure, specifically by maintaining most of our debt through long-term debt instruments.

As part of our normal operations, we purchase financial derivative instruments in order to ensure greater certainty in our purchases of U.S. dollars. We plan over a six month period into the future and, depending on the expected uncertainty for that period, decide if it is economically advisable to purchase or sell any hedging instrument.

 

The main risk that the Company faces with the use of these derivative instruments is the volatility in the exchange rate of the peso against the U.S. dollar.

We have followed different strategies with respect to derivatives which involved call and put options in U.S. dollars. Our risk committee approves any change in policies and reviews the application of current policies.

See Note 10 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.

LIABILITIES IN FOREIGN CURRENCY      
  As of January 1,  As of December 31, 
  2011  2011  2012 
Short-term liabilities in foreign currency(1) Ps.0.0  Ps.1,047.8  Ps.643.5 

(1) The foreign currency is dollars.

In 20092012 and 2010 we did not have2011 our bank debt denominated in U.S. dollars. During 2011, the Company acquired a one-year bank credit of US$75dollars was Ps. 643.5 and Ps. 1,047.8 million dollars, equivalent to Ps. 1,047.7 million in pesos. Thepesos respectively, at an interest rate of this credit is LIBOR plus 0.60 points.1.06% in 2012 and 0.8702% in 2011.

 

Our risk committee approves any change in policies and reviews the application of current policies.

For more details see Note 1218 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.

 

NoneNone.

 

D.Trend Information

 

Our demand and prices continues depending mainly on supply and demand in both markets, Mexico and U.S. and no new effect has been identify, additionally to those effects present in the past.

 

Cost of our main raw materials is subject to level of inventories available, as it occurred in past periods and no disruption new technology is foresee in the near future.

 

E.Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements of the type that we are required to disclose under this Item.

 

F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations

 

Our major categories of indebtedness included the following:

 

·-As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, we had Ps. 115.6 and Ps. 175.2 million in current installments of long-term debt.
·Long-term debt to banks, as of December 31, 2010 and 2011, were Ps. 507.1 and Ps. 384.4 million outstanding (excluding current portion) respectively, a 24.2% decrease.respectively.

 

·-Long-term debt to banks, excluding the current installments of long-term debt as of December 31, 2012 was Ps. 26.6 million plus an additional Ps. 1,500.0 million as a result of our local bond issuance, while long-term debt to banks in 2011, excluding the current installments of long-term debt, totaled Ps. 384.4 million.

-The weighted average interest rates on long-term debt, excluding the local bond issuance, for 20102012 and 2011 were 6.32%5.40% and 5.58% respectively. See Note 12 of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for more detail.

 

See Note 18-b) of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for more detail.

The Company has certain leases related to operating assets, including farms and administrative offices. The following table summarizes long-term debt as of December 31, 2011.2012. The table does not include current installments of long-term debt, accounts payable or pension liabilities.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
In millions of pesos Total  2014  2015  2016  2017 
Long-term debt Ps.1,526.6   16.4   7.7   2.5   1,500.0 
Operating leases Ps.203.4   56.1   38.8   22.1   18.7 

Operating leases for 2013 are Ps. 67.8 and current installments of long term debt are Ps. 115.6 millions.

 Payments Due by Period 
  in millions of constant pesos as of December 31, 2011 
Contractual Obligations  Total   

Less than

a year

   

1 to 3

years

   

3 to 5

years

   

 More

than 5

years 

 
Long-term debt Ps.    384.4   154.6   97.8   89.5   42.5 
Operating leases Ps.   641.1   188.2   165.5   145.9   141.4 

 

The Company has certainCompany’s future minimum rental payments required under its operating leases related to operating assets, including farmshaving an initial or remaining non-cancellable lease term in excess of one year as of December 31, 2012, and administrative offices.for each of the five succeeding years, are as follows:

OPERATING LEASES   
In millions of pesos Total  2013  2014  2015  2016  2017 
Operating Leases Ps.130.9   31.9   31.9   31.9   17.6  17.6 

 

G.Safe Harbor

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees

 

A.Directors and Senior Management

Directors

 

The Board of Directors is responsible for the management of our business. The Board of Directors consists of an odd number of directors, never fewer than five, and corresponding alternate directors, each of whom is elected for a term of one year.

 

Alternate directors are authorized to serve on the Board of Directors in place of directors who are unable to attend meetings or otherwise participate in the activities of the Board of Directors.

 

At our annual stockholders’ meeting held on April 27, 2011, Mr. Felizardo Gastelum Felix was elected to the Board of Directors, as President of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee and Financial Expert. Mr. Felizardo Gastelum Felix performed these roles in an exemplary mannerExpert of the Company from April 27, 2011 until his death on April 18, 2012.

 

On August 22, 2012, Mr. Humberto Schwarzbeck was elected as Interim President of the Audit and Corporate Governance Committee. Later on April 24, 2013 during the Annual stockholders meeting, Mr. Shwarzbeck was elected as President of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee.

At our annual stockholders’ meeting held on April 25, 2012,24, 2013, we ratified the membership of our Board of Directors, which is composed of the following members:

   Year of Birth   Member since  
Chairman of the Board and Proprietary Shareholder Director:        
Francisco Javier R. Bours Castelo  1953   1982 
Proprietary Shareholder Directors:        
Jose Gerardo Robinson Bours Castelo  1958   2008 
Jesus Enrique Robinson Bours Muñoz  1951   1994 
Jesus Rodolfo Robinson Bours Muñoz  1957   2002 
Arturo Bours Griffith  1955   1994 
Octavio Robinson Bours  1952   1997 
Ricardo Aguirre Borboa  1954   1994 
Juan Salvador Robinson Bours Martinez  1965   1994 
Alternate Directors:        
Jose Eduardo Robinson Bours Castelo  1956   1994 
Jose Francisco Bours Griffith  1950   1994 
Guillermo Pineda Cruz  1948   1994 
Gustavo Luders Becerril  1953   2011 
Independent Directors:        
Avelino Fernandez Salido  1938   2003 
Humberto Schwarzbeck Noriega  1954   2003 
Related Proprietary Director:        
Cristobal Gustavo Mondragon Fragoso  1945   2011 
Secretary of the Board:        
Eduardo Rojas Crespo  1969   2008 

 

MEMBERS OF THE BOARD   
 Year of Birth Member since
Chairman of the Board and Proprietary Shareholder Director:   
Francisco Javier R. Bours Castelo1953 1982
Proprietary Shareholder Directors:   
Jose Gerardo Robinson Bours Castelo1958 2008
Jesus Enrique Robinson Bours Muñoz1951 1994
Jesus Rodolfo Robinson Bours Muñoz1957 2002
Arturo Bours Griffith1955 1994
Octavio Robinson Bours1952 1997
Ricardo Aguirre Borboa1954 1994
Juan Salvador Robinson Bours Martinez1965 1994
Alternate Directors:   
Jose Eduardo Robinson Bours Castelo1956 1994
Jose Francisco Bours Griffith1950 1994
Guillermo Pineda Cruz1948 1994
Gustavo Luders Becerril1953 2011
Independent Directors:   
Avelino Fernandez Salido1938 2003
Humberto Schwarzbeck Noriega1954 2003
Secretary of the Board:   
Eduardo Rojas Crespo1969 2008

Honorary Members of the Board

Enrique Robinson Bours Almada , Mario Javier Robinson Bours Almada , and Juan Bautista Salvador Robinson Bours are co-founders of the Company and Honorary members of the board.

 

The following table identifies the relationships among members of each of the four Bours family members:families:

 

Cousinsin law-related

Brothers and Co-Brothers:

Founders·Arturo Bours Griffith

·Octavio Robinson Bours

·Jose Francisco Bours Griffith

 SonsNephewsSon in Law
Enrique Robinson Bours Almada

Brothers:

·

Jesus Enrique Robinson Bours Muñoz

·

Arturo Bours GriffithGuillermo Pineda Cruz
·Jesus Rodolfo Robinson Bours Muñoz

 

·Guillermo Pineda Cruz

Brothers:

·Francisco Javier R. Bours Castelo

·Jose Gerardo Robinson Bours Castelo

·Jose Eduardo Robinson Bours Castelo

  

·

Francisco Javier R. Bours Castelo
Mario Javier Robinson Bours Almada·Jose Gerardo Robinson Bours Castelo· Jose Francisco Bours Griffith  
·Jose Eduardo Robinson Bours Castelo
·Ricardo Aguirre Borboa
Juan Bautista Salvador Robinson Bours AlmadaJuan Salvador Robinson Bours Martinez

 

·

Octavio Robinson BoursRicardo Aguirre Borboa

·

Gustavo Luders Becerril

 

OurbylawsOur bylaws provide for the creation of an executive committee of the Board of Directors, which may exercise certain of the Board’s powers in full, subject to certain limitations.

 

Francisco Javier R. Bours Castelo, Chairman of the Board of Directors since 2002. Before his election as Chairman, he was Vice-Chairman for several years. Mr. Bours holds a degree in Civil Engineering from the Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores Monterrey (ITESM). He currently serves as Chairman of the Boards of Directors of the following companies: Megacable Holdings, S.A.B. de C.V., Inmobiliaria Trento S.A. de C.V., Agriexport S.A. de C.V., Acuicola Boca, S.A. de C.V., and Centro de Servicios Empresariales del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V.

43

Jose Gerardo Robinson Bours Castelo, Proprietary Shareholder Director since 2008. He previously served as Systems Manager. Mr. Bours, holds a degree in Computer Engineering from the ITESM. He currently serves as member of the Board of the following companies: Megacable Holdings, S.A.B. de C.V., Congeladora Horticola, S.A. de C.V., Acuicola Boca, S.A. de C.V., Industrias Boca, S.A. de C.V. and Centro de Servicios Empresariales del Noreste, S.A. de C.V.HeC.V. He is also Chairman of Fundacion Mexicana para el Desarrollo Rural del Valle del Yaqui and the ITESM in Obregon.

 

Jesus Enrique Robinson Bours Muñoz, Proprietary Shareholder Director since 1994. He has previously worked in Bachoco as Production Director and Divisional Manager. Mr. Robinson Bours holds a degree in Engineering from the University of Arizona. He is also a member of the Board of Directors of San Luis Corporacion S.A. de C.V., and Megacable Holdings, S.A.B. de C.V.

 

Jesus Rodolfo Robinson Bours Muñoz, Proprietary Shareholder Director since 2002. Mr. Robinson Bours previously served in the Company as Production Manager in the Northwest and Bajio divisions, Commercial Manager in Northwest Division and Purchasing Manager at the Bajio Division. Mr. Robinson Bours holds a degree in Agricultural Engineering from the University of Arizona. He has business experience in agriculture and raising livestock with Agricola Monte Cristo S.A. de C.V., Agricola Rio Yaqui S.P.R. de R.L., Agricola Nacapul S.P.R. de R.L., Ganadera Cocoreña S.P.R. de R.L. and Chairman of the Board of the Cultural Center of Cocorit, A.C.

 

Arturo Bours Griffith, Proprietary Shareholder Director since 1994. Mr. Bours Griffith completed professional studies at the University of Arizona. He is also Chairman of the board of Qualyplast, S.A. de C.V., and a member of the board of Megacable Holdings, S.A.B. de C.V., Centro de Servicios Empresariales del Noreste, S.A. de C.V., and Taxis Aereos del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V.

 

Octavio Robinson Bours, Proprietary Shareholder Director since 1997. Mr. Robinson Bours holds a degree in Agricultural Engineering from the ITESM. He has experience in producing swine, and is also a member of the board of Choya, S.A. de C.V., and runs a business of agriculture and aquaculture.

 

Ricardo Aguirre Borboa, Proprietary Shareholder Director since 1994. He is also a member of the Audit Committee and Corporate Practices of Bachoco. Mr. Aguirre holds a degree in Agricultural Engineering from the ITESM. He is member of the Board of Directors of: the newspaper El Debate, Tepeyac Produce, Inc., Servicios del Valle del Fuerte, S.A. de C.V., Agrobo, S.A. de C.V., Agricola Santa Veneranda, S.P.R. de R.L., Colegio Mochis, Grupo Financiero Banamex, in Sinaloa, and Director of Granja Rab, S.A. de C.V.

 

Juan Salvador Robinson Bours Martinez, Proprietary Shareholder Director since 1994. He has served Bachoco as Purchasing Manager. Mr. Robinson Bours holds a degree in Industrial Engineering from the ITESM. His other appointments include Chairman of the board and CEO of Llantas y Accesorios, S.A. de C.V. and member of the Board of Megacable Holdings, S.A.B. de C.V.

 

Jose Eduardo Robinson Bours Castelo, member of the Board since 1994. Mr. Robinson is an alternate Director for Mr. Francisco Javier R. Bours Castelo and Mr. Jose Gerardo Robinson Bours Castelo. Mr. Robinson Bours holds a degree in Industrial Engineering from the ITESM. He was previously Commercial Director of Industrias Bachoco, a Senator of the Mexican Congress and was governor of the state of Sonora.

44

 

Jose Francisco Bours Griffith, Alternate Director of Mr. Octavio Robinson Bours and Mr. Arturo Bours Griffith, since 1994. Mr. Bours holds a degree in Civil Engineering from the Universidad Autonoma de Guadalajara. Mr. Robinson Bours has worked at Bachoco as Engineering Manager. He is currently dedicated to agricultural operations and has run an aquaculture farm for nine years.

 

Guillermo Pineda Cruz, Alternate Director of Jesus Enrique Robinson Bours and Mr. Arturo Bours Griffith since 1994. Mr. Pineda holds a degree in Civil Engineering from the ITESM and a master’s degree in Business Administration from the Instituto Tecnologico de Sonora. He is also a member of the Board of Directors of Banamex and was a regional member of the Board of Directors of Grupo Financiero Serfin, Inverlat and InverMexico. He co-founded Edificadora PiBo, S.A. de C.V. and has been its President and CEO since 1983.

 

Gustavo Luders Becerril, Alternate Director of Juan Salvador Robinson Bours Martinez and Mr. Ricardo Aguirre Borboa, was named Alternate Director during the annual general meeting held in April 2011. Mr. Luders holds an Accounting degree from the ITESM. He is a farmer; he has served as Chairman of the Agricultural and Industrial Union Credit of the Yaqui Valley, Chairman of the Company Citricola Yaqui, and as Agent of citrus products in the Sonora state region.

 

Avelino Fernandez Salido, Independent Director, is member of the board since 2003. He is also a member of the board of Banamex, and BBVA Bancomer. He is also Chairman of the Board of the following companies: Grupo Cajeme Motors, S.A. de C.V., Navojoa Motors, S.A. de C.V., Turymayo S.A. de C.V. and Gasolineras Turymayo S.A. de C.V. His business experience is in the marketing of grains.

 

Humberto Schwarzbeck Noriega, Independent Director, is member of the board since 2003. He holds a degree in economics from the ITESM. He is currently CEO of Yeso Industrial de Navojoa S.A. de C.V.

Cristobal Gustavo Mondragon Fragoso is a Related Proprietary Director since Mr. Schwarzbeck was elected as President of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee, during the stockholders meeting that took place on April 2011. Mr. Mondragon holds an Accounting degree from the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (or “UNAM”). Mr. Mondragon joined Bachoco in 1982 and was Chief Executive Officer since 2001 to October 2010. Previously, Mr. Mondragon served in Bachoco as Administration Manager, as Manager of Corporate Finance and as Chief Financial Officer.24, 2013.

 

Eduardo Rojas Crespo was named Secretary of the Board of Directors in 2008. He holds a Law Degree from the UNAM. He also holds a post-graduate diploma in Environmental Law and Due Diligence, and a Specialty as well as a Master's Degree, both in Corporate Law; these three from the Anahuac University. Mr. Rojas has worked for Bachoco since 2004 as our Chief Legal Officer. Before joining Bachoco, Mr. Rojas worked for 10 years as the Chief Legal Officer of Grupo Fimex.

Cristobal Gustavo Mondragon Fragoso was Related Proprietary Director from April 25, 2011 to the day of his death on January 7, 2013. Mr. Mondragon joined Bachoco in 1982 and was Chief Executive Officer since 2001 to October 2010. Previously, Mr. Mondragon served in Bachoco as Administration Manager, as Manager of Corporate Finance and as Chief Financial Officer.

 

Honorary members

 

Mr. Enrique Robinson Bours Almada, Chairman of the Board and co-founder of the Company, he retired in April 2002. Mr. Bours led the Company for 50 years. The Board named as Mr. Javier Robinson Bours Castelo, Mr. Enrique Robinson Bours’s nephew, as his successor.

 

Mr. Mario Javier Robinson Bours Almada, member of the Board of Directors, retired in April 2008, and was named as a Life Honorary Propriety Shareholder Director. On the same date, the Board named Mr. Jose Gerardo Robinson Bours Castelo as a Proprietary Shareholder Director in the place of Mr. Mario Javier Robinson Bours Almada.

 

Juan Bautista S. Robinson Bours Almada, Mr. Bours was co-founder of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and a Proprietary Shareholder Director for 57 years. Mr. Bours got retired in April 2011 and named as a Life Honorary Propriety Shareholders Director. On the same date the Board named Mr. Juan Salvador Robinson Bours Martinez as a Propriety Shareholders Director in the place of Mr. Juan Bautista S. Robinson Bours Almada.

Executive Officers

 

NameEXECUTIVE OFFICERS Position 
NamePositionYear of Birth
Rodolfo Ramos Arvizu Chief Executive Officer 1957
Paul Fox Chief Executive Officer, U.S. Operations 1966
Daniel Salazar Ferrer Chief Financial Officer 1964
David Gastelum Cazares Director of Sales 1951
Jose Luis Lopez Lepe Director of Personnel 1947
Ernesto Salmon Castelo Director of Operations 1962
Andres Morales Astiazaran Director of Marketing*Marketing and modern Segments sales 1968
Marco Antonio Esparza Serrano Comptroller Director 1955
Alejandro Elias Calles Gutierrez Director of Purchasing 1956

*Director of Marketing and Modern Segment Sales

 

Rodolfo Ramos Arvizu,Chief Executive Officer.Officer. Mr. Ramos joined us in 1980 and, he was named as Chief Executive Officer in November 2010. Previously, Mr. Ramos served Bachoco as its Technical Director since 1992 and also held positions in the Egg Quality Control Training Program and in Poultry Management as well as serving as Supervisor of the Commercial Egg Production Training Program, Manager of Raw Material Purchasing and as a Director of Production. Ramos holds a degree in Agricultural Engineering from the ITESM.

Paul Fox, CEO, U.S. Operations.Paul joined us in 2012 shortly after we acquired our U.S. operations. Paul started his career with Tyson Foods serving in domestic and international leadership positions during 17 years prior to serving as a private equity CEO and Managing Director with Marfrig. Mr. Fox received a BS in Animal Science from Missouri State University and MS in Leadership and Ethics from John Brown University.

Daniel Salazar Ferrer, Chief Financial Officer. HejoinedHe joined us in 2000 and assumed his current position in January 2003. Previously, Mr. Salazar worked for four years as Chief Financial Officer at Grupo Covarrubias and as Comptroller at Negromex, a company of Grupo Desc. Mr. Salazar holds an Accounting degree fromUniversidad Tecnologica de Mexicoand a master’s degree in Business Administration from theITESM,the ITESM, and Diploma from the IPADE (D1).

David Gastelum Cazares, Director of Sales. He joining us in 1979 and assumed his current position in 1992. Previously, Mr. Gastelum served as a pullet salesman in the states of Sonora and Sinaloa, National Sales Manager of Live Animals and Eggs, Manager of the Northwest Division, Manager of the Mexico City Division and National Sales Manager. Before joining us, Mr. Gastelum worked at La Hacienda, S.A. de C.V. as Technical Advisor and as Area Officer for the Southeast Division. Mr. Gastelum holds a degree in Veterinary Medicine from the school of Veterinary Medicine of the UNAM.

Jose Luis Lopez Lepe,Director of Personnel since 1993, before joining us Mr. Lopez worked as a teacher in several institutions, and also worked with Grupo Condumex, where he was Director of Personnel. Mr. Lopez holds a degree in Physics and Chemistry from theEscuela Normal Superior and a degree in Business Administration fromInstituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico.

Ernesto Salmon Castelo,Director of Operations, joined us in 1991 and assumed his current position in 2000. Previously, Mr. Salmon worked for Gamesa, S.A. de C.V. and for us as Sales Manager in Sonora, Northwestern Distribution Manager, Manager of the Processing Plant in Celaya, Southeastern Division Manager and Bajio Division Manager. Mr. Salmon holds a degree in Chemical Engineering fromInstitutoTecnologico de Sonora and a master’s degree in Business AdministrationfromtheAdministration from the ITESM.

 

42

Andres Morales Astiazaran,Director of Marketing and Modern Segment Sales (Value-added Products) since July 2006. Before joining us, Mr. Morales worked for 4 years as Sales and Marketing Vice President in Smithfield Foods, a U.S. Company with offices in Sonora, Mexico. Previously Mr. Morales worked for Bachoco as Marketing Manager, Manager of the Northeast division and then as National Manager of Bachoco. Mr. Morales holds an accounting degree from the ITESM and attended marketing courses at Northwestern University, the University of Chicago, the ITESM and the IPADE (D1).

 

Marco Antonio Esparza Serrano,Comptroller Director since March 2009. Before joining Bachoco, Mr. Esparza worked for more than 25 years in the pharmaceutical industry for three multinational companies. During that time, Mr. Esparza managed and directed every area within Finance and Administration as Accounting Manager, Tax Manager Comptroller, Financial Planning Director and Finance Director. Mr. Esparza holds a degree in public accounting and several post-graduate diplomas in Business Administration, Economics and Direction of Enterprises from universities such as Instituto Politecnico Nacional, University of California at Berkeley, theITESM,, University of Almeria Spain and the IPADE.

 

Alejandro Elias Calles Gutierrez,was named purchasing Director in 2010. Mr. Calles joined Bachoco in January 2010 as Manager of Purchasing. Previously Mr. Calles worked as the CEO of “Agroinsumos Cajeme,” ChaimanChairman of the Board of the “Distrito de Riego” in the Yaqui River, Secretary of the SAGARPA in the state of Sonora, and Leader of the Secretaries of SAGARPA in Mexico and Manager of the leasing department of Inverlat. Mr. Calles holds a degree in Agronomy from the ITESM.

B.Compensation

The table below sets forth the aggregate compensation paid to our directors and executive officers, for services they rendered in their respective capacities, for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.

TOTAL COMPENSATIONS As of December 31, 
  2011  2012 
Compensation, net  (in millions) Ps.44.4  Ps.39.3 

C.Board Practices

We do not have any special agreements or contracts with any member of our board. All of our board members are subject to the specific expiration dates of their current terms of office.

47

 

Audit Committee and Corporate Practices Committee

 

The mandate of the Audit Committee and Corporate Practices Committee is to establish and monitor procedures and controls in order to ensure that the financial information we distribute is useful, appropriate and reliable and accurately reflects our financial position. In particular, pursuant to our bylaws and Mexican law, among others, the Audit Committee and Corporate Practices Committee must do the following:

 

-Submit an annual report to the Board of Directors;

 

-Inform the Board of Directors of the current condition of the internal controls and internal auditing system of the Company or of the entities it controls, including any irregularities detected;

 

-Require the relevant directors and other employees of the Company, or of the entities it controls, to provide reports relative to the preparation of the financial information or any other kind of reports or information it deems appropriate to perform its duties;

 

-Receive observations formulated by shareholders, Board members, relevant officers, employees and, in general, any third party with regard to the matters under the Audit Committee duties, as well as carry out the actions that, in its judgment, may be appropriate in connection with such observations;

 

-Inform the Board of Directors of any material irregularities detected as a result of the performance of its duties and, as applicable, inform the Board of Directors of the corrective actions taken, or otherwise propose the actions that should be taken;

 

-Call Shareholders Meetings and cause the items it deems pertinent to be inserted into the agendas of such Shareholders’ Meetings; and

 

-Assist the Board of Directors in selecting candidates for audit and reviewing the scope and terms of the auditor’s engagement, as well as evaluate the performance of the entity that provides the external auditing services and analyze the report, opinions, statements and other information prepared and signed by the external auditor.

 

At our annual stockholders’ meeting held on April 27, 2011, Mr. Felizardo Gastelum Felix was elected to the Board of Directors, as President of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee and Financial Expert. Mr. Felizardo Gastelum Felix performed these roles in an exemplary manner until his death on April 18, 2012.

At our annual stockholders’ meeting held on April 25, 2012, we ratified the membership of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee, which is composed of the following members:

NamePosition
Humberto Schwarzbeck NoriegaMember
Ricardo Aguirre BorboaMember
Avelino Fernandez SalidoMember

Mr. Avelino Fernandez was the President of the Audit Committee from April 2007 until April 2011, when Mr. Felizardo Gastelum Felix succeeded him to the Presidency.

Mr. Felizardo Gastelum Felix performed these roles in an exemplary mannerwas President of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee and Financial Expert of the Company from April 27, 2011 until his death on April 18, 2012. Currently, we do not have a

On August 22, 2012, Mr. Humberto Schwarzbeck was elected as Interim President of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee. Later, during the stockholders meeting that took place on April 24, 2013, Mr. Schwarzbeck was elected as President of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee, which

is composed of the following members:

AUDIT AND CORPORATE PRACTICES COMMITTEE

NamePositionMember since
Humberto Schwarzbeck NoriegaPresident2003
Ricardo Aguirre BorboaMember2003
Avelino Fernandez SalidoMember2003

 

Mr. Ricardo Aguirre Borboa represents the controlling shareholders and has no voting rights in the audit committee.

B.Compensation

The table below sets forth the aggregate compensation paid to our directors and executive officers, for services they rendered in their respective capacities, for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011.

   In million of Mexican Pesos 
   2009   2010   2011 
Compensation, net Ps.35.2  Ps.44.5  Ps.44.4 

C.Board Practices

We do not have any special agreements or contracts with any member of our board. All of our board members are subject to the specific expiration dates of their current terms of office.

D.Employees

 

Workforce 2009  2010  2011 
Total Employees:  24,065   23,473   25,326 
in Mexico  24,065   23,473   22,473 
In the U.S.  -   -   2,853 

The Company has employees in Mexico and the United States.

 

In 2011,2012, around 60.0%59.0% of our employees in Mexico were members of labor unions in our operations in Mexico. As of March 20122013 and the date of this annual report, labor relations with our employees in Mexico are governed by 52 separate collective labor agreements, each relating to a different group of employees and negotiated on behalf of each such group by a different labor union.

In general, we believe that we have good relations with our employees. We have not experienced significant work stoppages as a result of labor problems.

As is typical in Mexico, wages are renegotiated every year while other terms and conditions of employment are renegotiated every two years. We seek to attract dependable and responsible employees to train at each of our plants and facilities. We offer our employees attractive salary and benefit packages, including a pension and savings plan.

 

In our U.S. operations none of our employees are members of labor unions. As of the date of this Annual Report labor relations with our U.S. employees are not governed by any collective labor bargaining agreements

 

As is typical in the U.S., wages and other terms and conditions of employment are renegotiated periodically. We seek to attract dependable and responsible employees to train at each of our plants and facilities. We offer our employees attractive salary and benefit packages, including a health insurance and a retirement savings plan.

 

In general, we believe that we have good relations with our employees. We have not experienced significant work stoppages as a result of labor problems.

WORKFORCE         
  2010  2011  2012 
Total employees:  23,473   25,326   25,281 
in Mexico  23,473   22,473   22,048 
In the U.S.  -   2,853   3,233 

 

E.Share Ownership

 

To the best of our knowledge, no individual director or manager holds Shares of the Company. At this time, we have not developed a share options plan for our employees.

 

ITEM 7. Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions

ITEM 7.Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions

 

Before September 2006, our Common StockStocks consisted of 450,000,000 Series B Shares and 150,000,000 Series L Shares. Holders of Series B Shares were entitled to one vote at any general meeting of our stockholders for each Series B Share held. Holders of Series L Shares were entitled to one vote for each Series L Share held, but only with respect to certain matters. We had UBL Units consisting of one Series B Share and one Series L Share and B Units consisting in two Series B Shares.

 

During the extraordinary meeting held on April 26, 2006 Shareholders approved the Company’s plan to convert the Series L Shares into Series B Shares, with full voting rights, as well as the dissolution of UBL and UBB Units into their components Shares.

 

This process was completed in September 2006, and included two steps: separating the UBL and UBB Units trading on the Mexican Exchange into their component Shares and converting the Series L Shares into Series B Shares, thereby creating a single share class, the Series B Shares. These Shares are trading on the Mexican stock market. The ADSADR which trade on the NYSE still consist of twelve underlying Shares, but they are all Series B Shares, with full voting rights.

Currently, the Company’s Common Stock consists of 600,000,000 Series B Shares, with full voting rights.

 

A.Major Shareholders

 

The Robinson Bours family owns the 82.75% of the total shares outstanding of the Company. They have established two Mexican trusts (“Control Trust” and “Family Trust”) that together held 496,500,000Shares496,500,000Shares outstanding as of the date of this Annual Report.

As of December 31, 2012, from the 100.0% of the total Shares of the Company, there were approximately 45 shareholders in the NYSE (there are no significant changes as of March 31, 2013).

     As of December 31, 
  2010  2011  2012 
Total free float shares  103,500,000   103,500,000   103,500,000 
ADRs outstanding at the NYSE(1)  6,740,949   6,071,748   4,560,699 
Percentage of shares over free float  65.1%  70.4%  52.9%

(1)According to our Depositary Bank (The Bank of New York Mellon).

We estimate that the difference between total shares outstanding at the NYSE and the total free float represents the shares trading at the Mexican Stock Exchange.

According to most recent information providing by Stock houses at the date of our 2012 Bachoco’s stockholders Annual meeting, we accounted with 306 Shareholders at the BMV.

The following table sets forth the Company’s main shareholders, which held 1.0% or more of the total shares of the Company, as of December 31, 2011.2013.

 

 Shares  Position  Country  Shares(1)  Position  Country
Control Trust  312,000,000   52.00%  Mexico   312,000,000   52.00% Mexico
Family Trust  184,500,000   30.75%  Mexico   184,500,000   30.75% Mexico
Royce & Associates LLC  19,653,228   3.3%  U.S.   20,868,816   3.5% U.S.
Fidelity Management & Research Co.  12,000,000   2.0%  U.S. 
River Road Asset Management LLC  9,826,488   1.6%  U.S.   8,551,572   1.4% U.S.
Tradewinds Global Investor LLC  6,023,016   1.0%  U.S. 

(1) All shares B Class with full voting rights.

 

As of March 31, 20122013 there have been no significant changes in the composition of the Company’s main shareholders of the Company.

As of December 31, 2011, from the 100.0% of the total Shares of the Company, there were approximately 40 shareholders in the NYSE (there are no changes as of March 31, 2012). On the same date, there were 5,221,136 ADSs outstanding on the NYSE (There were 6,071,748 ADSs as of December 31, 2011), representing 10.4% of the total Shares of the Company or the 60.5% of the free float. Based on these figures, we can assume that the 39.5% remaining is trading at the Mexican Stock Exchange. According with most recent information providing by Stock houses at the date of our 2011 Bachoco’s Stockholders Annual meeting, we accounted with 247 Shareholders at the BMV.shareholders.

 

B.Related Party Transactions

 

It is our policy not to engage in any transaction with or for the benefit of any stockholder or member of the Board of Directors, or any entity controlled by such a person or in which such a person has a substantial economic interest, unless (i) the transaction is related to our business and (ii) the price and other terms are at least as favorable to us as those that could be obtained on an arm’s-length basis from a third party.

 

We have engaged in a variety of transactions with entities owned by members of the Robinson Bours family, all of which we believe were consistent with this policy and not material to our business and results of operations.

We expect to engage in similar transactions in the future. All of these transactions are described below.below:

 

We regularly purchase vehicles and related equipment from distributors owned by various members of the Robinson Bours family. The distribution of vehicles and related equipment is a highly competitive aspect of business in the areas in which we operate. We are not dependent on affiliated distributors and are able to ensure that the pricing and service we obtain from affiliated distributors are competitive with those available from other suppliers.

-We regularly purchase vehicles and related equipment from distributors owned by various members of the Robinson Bours family. The distribution of vehicles and related equipment is a highly competitive aspect of business in the areas in which we operate. We are not dependent on affiliated distributors and are able to ensure that the pricing and service we obtain from affiliated distributors are competitive with those available from other suppliers.

 

The Robinson Bours Stockholders also own Taxis Aereos del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V., an air transport company that provides transportation for members of the Board of Directors to and from meetings at our headquarters in Celaya, Guanajuato in Mexico.

-The Robinson Bours Stockholders also own Taxis Aereos del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V., an air transport company that provides transportation for members of the Board of Directors to and from meetings at our headquarters in Celaya, Guanajuato in Mexico.

 

We purchased feed and packaging materials from enterprises owned by Robinson Bours Stockholders, the family of Enrique Robinson Bours and the family of Juan Bautista Robinson Bours.

-We purchased feed and packaging materials from enterprises owned by Robinson Bours Stockholders, the family of Enrique Robinson Bours and the family of Juan Bautista Robinson Bours.

 

-We also have accounts payable to related parties. These transactions took place among companies owned by the same set of stockholders.

Neither we nor our subsidiaries have loaned any money to any of our directors or officers, controlling shareholders or entities controlled by these parties.

 

EXPENSES INCURRED IN CONNECTION WITH RELATED PARTIESEXPENSES INCURRED IN CONNECTION WITH RELATED PARTIES
 In million of Mexican Pesos  As of December 31, 
Third Parties Transactions 2009  2010  2011 
 2011  2012 
Purchases of feed and packaging materials Ps. 415   340   477  Ps.477.3  Ps.608.5 
Purchases of vehicles and related equipment Ps. 139   136   145   145.3   129.8 
Air Transportation Services Ps. 10   9   10   10.1   10.1 
Accounts payable to third parties Ps. 68   61   83 

ACCOUNTS PAYABLE TO RELATED PARTIES
  As of December 31, 
  2011  2012 
Accounts payable to related parties Ps.78.5  Ps.88.0 

See Note 620 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for more detail.detail regarding income and expenses incurred in connection with third parties transactions.

 

C.Interests of Experts and Counsel

 

Not applicable.

ITEM 8.  Financial Information

 

A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information

 

Our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements are included in Item 18 of this Annual Report. The financial statementsAudited Consolidated Financial Statements were audited by an independent registered public accounting firm and are accompanied by their audit reports.

The Auditors

 

In 2008, the Company’s Board of Directors, as per the Audit Committee’s recommendation, approved the selection of KPMG Cardenas Dosal S.C. (or “KPMG”) as the Company’s independent auditor. The Board of Directors has ratified the appointment of KPMG Cardenas Dosal, S.C. in the subsequent years.

 

Our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared inAccounting Policies

In accordance with Mexican FRS, which differthe requirements of CNBV, effective January 1, 2012, the Company adopted IFRS, meeting the CNBV requirements, and for comparison purposes, our financial statements as of and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011, and the opening balance as of January 1, 2011 were converted from MFRS to IFRS to make them comparable to our consolidated financial statements for fiscal year 2012.

Bachoco prepared its opening balance sheet under IFRS as of January 1, 2011, following the guidance set forth by IFRS 1, First time adoption (“IFRS 1”). The options selected by Bachoco in certain respects from U.S. GAAP. Note 23the migration to IFRS and the effects on its opening statement of financial position as of January 1, 2011, according to IFRS 1, as well as the effects on its statement of financial position as of December 31, 2011, and its statement of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2011, as compared to Bachoco’s previously reported amounts under MFRS, are described in note 33 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements providesincluded elsewhere in this annual report.

See Note 3 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the principal differences between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP as they relateaccounting policies that apply to us, and a reconciliationas well as Note 33 with principal changes in the transition process to U.S. GAAP of Consolidated stockholders’ equity, consolidated net income, a consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity and a consolidated cash flow statements under U.S. GAAP as of December 31, 2010 and 2011, and for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011.IFRS.

Legal Proceedings

 

We are a party to certain legal proceedings in the ordinary course of our business. We believe that none of these proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, is likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s Audited Consolidated Financial positions and consolidated results of operations.

Dividends Policy

 

Pursuant to Mexican law and our bylaws, the declaration, amount and payment of annual dividends are determined by a majority vote of the shareholders, generally but not necessarily on the recommendation of the Board of Directors.

 

At the Company's annual shareholder's meeting held on April 25, 2012,24, 2013, the Board of Directors approved a cash dividend payment of Ps. 0.500.5840 per share or Ps. 6.007.008 per ADSADR to be paid in two equal installments in the months of May and July of 2012.2013.

  For years ended December 31, 
Dividends 2009  2010  2011 
Total dividends paid (in millions) Ps. 250.0   250.1   299.9 
Dividend paid per Share (in pesos) Ps. 0.42   0.42   0.50 
Dividends paid per ADS (in pesos) Ps. 5.0   5.0   6.0 
DIVIDENDS   
  As of December 31, 
  2010  2011  2012 
Total dividends paid Ps.250.1  Ps.299.9  Ps.299.2 
Dividend paid per Share (in pesos)  0.42   0.50   0.50 
Dividends paid per ADR (in pesos)  5.00   6.00   6.00 

 

Although there can be no assurance as to the amount or timing of future dividends, we expect to pay an annual dividend pro rata to holders of outstanding Shares in an amount of approximately 20.0% of the prior year’s net income. The declaration and payment of dividends will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, future prospects and other factors deemed relevant by the Board of Directors and the shareholders, including debt instruments which may limit our ability to pay dividends.

 

Because we are a holding company with no significant operations of our own, we will have distributable profits and cash to pay dividends only to the extent that we receive dividends from our subsidiaries, principally BSACV. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will pay dividends or of the amount of any such dividends. BSACV, our principal operating subsidiary, could, in the future, enter into loan agreements containing covenants whose terms limit its ability to pay dividends under certain circumstances.

 

Mexican law requires that 5.0% of our net income each year (after profit sharing and other deductions required by Mexican law) be allocated to a legal reserve fund until such fund reaches an amount equal to at least 20.0% of our capital stock. Mexican corporations may pay dividends only out of earnings (including retained earnings after all losses have been absorbed or paid up) and only after such allocation to the legal reserve fund. The level of earnings available for the payment of dividendsCompany complies with this requirement and it is determined under Mexican FRS.able to distribute dividends.

 

B.Significant Changes

 

In January, 2009, the Mexican Banking and Securities Commission (Comision Nacional Bancaria y de Valores, “CNBV”)CNBV published certain amendments to the Rules for Public Companies and other participants in the Mexican Securities Market (Disposiciones de Caracter General Aplicables a las Emisoras de Valores y a otros Participantes del Mercado de Valores – the “Rules”) that require public companies to report financial information in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”)IFRS issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”),IASB, effective as of January 1st1st 2012.

On January 1, 2012, we adopted IFRS, meeting the CNBV requirements. The Company must release its first quarter, 2012 unaudited results under IFRS, no later than May 2, 2012. IFRS differs in certain significant respects from Mexican FRS.

See Note 223 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the principal differences among IFRS and Mexican FRS as theyaccounting policies that apply to us.

We believe thatus, as well as Note 33 with principal changes in the adoption of IFRS will provide more certaintytransition process to our international investors, and will cut some of the costs we incur in adjusting our financial information to foreign financial reporting requirements.IFRS.

 

ITEM 9.The Offer and Listing

 

A.Offer and Listing Details

 

We trade with fully registered shares, comprisingsince 1997. The Company trades in the NYSE and the BMV with one single class of shares, with full rights.

On the NYSE, we trade through ADRs, with full registration, level 3, and each of our ADSsADRs represents twelve shares. TheOur Depositary Bank is the Bank of New York Mellon is our Depositary Bank.Mellon.

 

The following tables set forth the high, low and close prices of the Shares on the BMV and NYSE, reported by thisthese companies, for each of the periods indicated.

SHARE PRICES   
       
  Mexican Stock Exchange  The New York Stock Exchange 
  Ticker Symbol: Bachoco  Ticker Symbol: IBA 
  In nominal pesos per Share  In U.S. Dollar per ADR 
Year High  Low  Close  High  Low  Close 
2008  30.15   14.21   15.99   33.34   12.75   14.50 
2009  26.00   11.85   25.00   23.16   9.03   23.00 
2010  26.99   18.40   25.55   26.10   17.01   24.19 
2011  27.86   20.30   22.30   28.75   17.40   19.07 
2012  30.13   20.59   30.13   27.97   18.86   27.92 
Quarter High  Low  Close  High  Low  Close 
1Q-2011  27.84   25.00   27.53   28.00   24.20   27.97 
2Q-2011  27.86   23.66   23.66   28.75   24.10   24.10 
3Q-2011  25.87   20.95   25.60   24.62   20.00   22.47 
4Q-2011  25.50   20.30   22.30   22.79   17.40   19.07 
1Q-2012  23.30   20.59   22.50   21.55   18.86   21.06 
2Q-2012  25.10   21.53   24.90   22.15   19.55   21.95 
3Q-2012  26.35   24.38   25.77   24.06   21.51   24.06 
4Q-2012  30.13   25.35   30.13   27.97   23.50   27.92 
Month High  Low  Close  High  Low  Close 
Oct 2012  27.77   25.35   27.66   25.83   23.50   25.50 
Nov 2012  28.51   27.25   28.01   26.44   25.15   26.10 
Dec 2012  30.13   28.01   30.13   27.97   25.99   27.92 
Jan 2013  29.99   28.80   29.50   28.03   27.07   27.82 
Feb 2013  32.34   28.97   31.80   30.35   27.02   30.01 
Mar 2013  34.27   31.82   32.92   33.89   29.91   32.12 

 

  Mexican Stock Exchange  The New York Stock Exchange 
  Ticker Symbol: Bachoco  Ticker Symbol: IBA 
  In  nominal pesos per Share  In U.S. Dollar per ADS 
Year High  Low  Close  High  Low  Close 
2007  30.96   20.00   28.60   35.11   24.10   31.81 
2008  30.15   14.21   15.99   33.34   12.75   14.50 
2009  26.00   11.85   25.00   23.16   9.03   23.00 
2010  26.99   18.40   25.55   26.10   17.01   24.19 
2011  27.86   20.30   22.30   28.75   17.40   19.07 
Quarter                        
1Q-2010  25.45   21.00   22.79   23.99   19.70   22.15 
2Q-2010  24.50   18.50   18.50   22.74   17.01   17.01 
3Q-2010  21.50   18.40   20.53   19.67   17.16   18.95 
4Q-2010  26.99   20.50   25.55   26.10   19.07   24.19 
1Q-2011  27.84   25.00   27.53   28.00   24.20   27.97 
2Q-2011  27.86   23.66   23.66   28.75   24.10   24.10 
3Q-2011  25.87   20.95   25.60   24.62   20.00   22.47 
4Q-2011  25.50   20.30   22.30   22.79   17.40   19.07 
Month                        
Oct 2011  25.50   24.20   24.65   22.79   21.45   22.57 
Nov 2011  24.58   22.55   23.30   21.97   19.55   20.07 
Dec 2011  23.08   20.30   22.30   20.73   17.42   19.07 
Jan 2012  22.10   21.64   21.87   20.58   18.86   20.08 
Feb 2012  23.30   21.74   21.74   21.85   20.24   20.24 
Mar 2012  22.60   20.70   22.50   21.10   19.08   21.06 

The following tables set forth the total trading volume of our Shares and ADRs on the BMV and NYSE, respectively, for each of the periods indicated.

TRADING VOLUME OF THE COMPANY’S SHARES

  BMV  NYSE 
  In Shares  In ADR 
Year 2012 Total Volume  Total Volume 
2008  3,126,800   4,194,100 
2009  4,816,500   2,670,400 
2010  14,527,900   2,174,700 
2011  31,333,000   3,338,300 
2012  44,787,100   4,525,400 
Quarter Total Volume  Total Volume 
1Q-2012  13,150,500   1,612,300 
2Q-2012  11,770,400   1,047,300 
3Q-2012  10,025,600   910,100 
4Q-2012  9,840,600   955,700 
Last 6 months Total Volume  Total Volume 
October, 2012  1,767,800   147,700 
November, 2012  1,341,100   164,000 
December, 2012  6,731,700   644,000 
January, 2013  1,756,611   254,600 
February, 2013  5,640.990   398,135 
March, 2013  2,681,600   318,600 

 

Market Maker

 

On January 24, 2011, the Company announced the hiring of Accival as its market maker in order to promote and increase liquidity of its shares listed on the BMV.

 

The market maker was traded for two periods of six months and ended its operation on December 24, 2011. Although there was a significant increase in trading volume, the Company decided not to renew a third period with the market maker, but we can hire Accival in 2012 if the Company considers appropriate for the operation of its securities.maker.

B.Plan of Distribution

 

Not applicable.

 

C.Markets

 

On September 19, 1997, Bachoco commenced trading on the BMV, and on the NYSE. As of March 31, 20122013 there were 5,221,136 ADSs4,621,100 ADRs outstanding at the NYSE, It represents 10.4%9.2% of the total Shares of the Company or the 60.5%53.6% of the free float. Based on these figures, we can assume that the 39.5%46.4% remaining is trading at the Mexican Stock Exchange, besides the 82.75% of shares that owns the Robinson Bours Family.

 

Exchange Country Ticker Symbol Securities
BMV Mexico Bachoco Shares
NYSE U.S. IBA ADSADR

D.Selling Shareholders

 

Not applicable.

 

E.Dilution

 

Not applicable.

 

F.Expenses of the Issue

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 10.Additional Information

 

A.Share Capital

 

Not applicable.

 

B.Memorandum and Articles of Association

 

Information regarding the memorandum and articles of association are included in our F-1 Form and, an English translation of our bylaws is attached in this annual report, and is incorporated by reference herein and is also available on our web pagewww.bachoco.com.mx.

 

The discussion set forth below contains information concerning our capital stock and a brief summary of the material provisions of the bylaws and applicable Mexican law. This summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the bylaws and the applicable provisions of Mexican law.

General

 

The Company was incorporated on April 17, 1980 as a variable capital corporation (sociedad anonima de capital variable) under the laws of Mexico. To fully comply with Mexican laws, the Company modified its name to Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. ((ssociedadociedad anonima bursatil de capital variable) in April 2007.

 

In 1995, our stockholders authorized the issuance of up to 15,525,000 additional Series B Shares and 15,525,000 additional Series L Shares, all constituting fixed capital, to be issued in connection with the global offering of Shares that took place on September 19, 1997 (the “Global Offering”).

 

On April 21, 1997, we restructured our capital by (i) declaring a four-to-one stock split of the 106,678,125 Series B Shares and 35,559,375 Series L Shares outstanding, (ii) converting 7,762,500 Series L Shares (on a post-split basis) into Series B Shares and (iii) combining all of the 434,475,000 Series B Shares and 134,475,000 Series L Shares outstanding (in each case, on a post-split basis) into 134,475,000 Units and 150,000,000 B Units. Holders of Units were entitled to exercise all the rights of holders of the Series B Shares and Series L Shares underlying their Units. Each B Unit consisted of two Series B Shares. B Units entitle the holders thereof to exercise all the rights of holders of the Series B Shares underlying such B Units. Immediately prior to the Global Offering, our outstanding capital stock consisted of 434,475,000 Series B Shares and 134,475,000 Series L Shares, all of which were duly authorized, validly issued and are fully paid and non-assessable.

During the annual shareholders meeting held on April 26, 2006, shareholders approved to proceed with the anticipated conversion of the Series L Shares into Series B Shares, which have full voting rights. This conversion was effective in September 2006 and included two steps: separating the UBL and UBB Units currently trading on the Mexican Stock Exchange into their component Shares, and converting the Series L Shares into Series B Shares (on a one-to-one basis), thereby created a single share class, the Series B Shares, which represents all of our Common Stock.

 

The Robinson Bours Stockholders have advised us that they intend to ensure that the Control Trust will hold at least 51.0% of the Series B Shares at any time outstanding. See “—Foreign Investment Legislation” in this Item.

 

On April 27, 2011 during the extraordinary Stockholders meeting the Article Two - XII of our bylaws were modified as follows:

 

Prior language Current language

Produce, transform, adapt, import, export, purchase and sell, under any title, machinery, parts, materials, raw materials, industrial products, goods and merchandise of any kind

 

“Produce, transform, adapt or manufacturing of processed food in package and/or canned and/or in flask, as well as import, export, purchase and sell, under any title, machinery, parts, materials, raw materials, industrial products, goods and merchandise of any kind”

Note: An English translation of our complete bylaws is attached in this annual report.

Registration and Transfer

 

Shares are evidenced by certificates in registered form, which may have dividend coupons attached. We maintain a registry and, in accordance with Mexican law, we recognize as stockholders only those holders listed in the stock registry. Stockholders may hold their Shares in the form of physical certificates (which, together with notations made in our stock registry, evidence ownership of the Shares) or through book entries with institutions that have accounts with Indeval.

 

Indeval is the holder of record in respect of Shares held through it. Accounts may be maintained at Indeval by brokerage houses, banks and other entities approved by the CNBV. Ownership of Shares maintained at Indeval is evidenced through Indeval’s records and through lists kept by Indeval participants.

 

In accordance with Article 130 of theLey General de Sociedades Mercantiles(“ (“Mexican Corporations Law”), the Board of Directors must authorize any transfer of stock, or any securities based on such stock, when the number of Shares sought to be transferred in one act or a succession of acts, without limit of time or from one group of interrelated stockholders or stockholders who act in concert, constitutes 10.0% or more of the voting stock issued by the Company. If the Board of Directors refuses to authorize such a transfer, the Board must designate one or more purchasers of the stock, who must pay the interested party the prevailing price on the Mexican Stock Exchange. The Board must issue its resolution within three months of the date on which it receives the relevant request for authorization and in any case, must consider: (i) the criteria that are in the best interests of the Company, the Company’s operations and the long-term vision of the activities of the Company and its Subsidiaries; (ii) that no shareholder of the Company is excluded, other than the person that intends to acquire control of the financial benefits that may result from the application of the terms of this clause; (iii) that the taking of the Control of the Company is not restricted in an absolute manner; (iv) that the provisions of the Securities Market Law, with respect to acquisition public offerings, are not contravened; and (v) that the exercise of the patrimonial rights of the acquirer are not rendered without effect.

If any person participates in a transaction that would have resulted in the acquisition of 10.0% or more voting stock of the Company without having obtained the board’s prior approval, they must pay the Company a fine equal to the market value of the Shares.

 

Any person who participates in an act that violates the terms of Article 130 discussed in the preceding paragraph will be obligated to pay the Company a fine in an amount equal to the value of the Shares owned directly or indirectly by the stockholder, or the value of the Shares involved in the prohibited transaction, if such person does not own Shares issued by the Company. In the case of a prohibited transaction that would have resulted in the acquisition of 10.0% or more of the voting stock of the Company, the fine will be equal to the market value of those Shares, provided that board authorization was not obtained in advance.

 

According to our bylaws, a majority of the members of the Board of Directors must authorize in writing, by a resolution made at a Board of Directors’ meeting, any change in the control of the Company. Our Board of Directors has the right to decide if a person or a group of persons is acting for the purpose of acquiring control of the Company.

 

“Control” or “Controlled” means (i) to directly or indirectly impose decisions at the general meetings of shareholders, stockholders or equivalent bodies or to appoint or remove the majority of the directors, managers or equivalent officers; (ii) to hold title to the rights that directly or indirectly allow the exercise of votes with respect to more than fifty percent of the capital stock; or (iii) to directly or indirectly direct the management, the strategy or the principal policies of the Company, whether through the ownership of securities, by contract or otherwise.

Voting Rights and Stockholders’ Meetings

 

Each share entitles the holder thereof to one vote at any general meeting of the stockholders. Holders are currently entitled to elect all members of the Board of Directors.

 

Our bylaws provide that the Board of Directors shall consist of at least five members and no more than twenty one. The stockholders also appointed four alternate Shareholder Directors to the Board of Directors.

 

General stockholders’ meetings may be ordinary or extraordinary meetings. Extraordinary general meetings are meetings called to consider the matters specified in Article 182 of the Mexican Corporations Law and the bylaws,including changes in the fixed portion of the capital stock and other amendments to the bylaws, liquidation, merger, transformation from one type of corporate form to another, change in nationality and changes of corporate purposes.

 

General meetings called to consider all other matters, including election of the directors, are ordinary meetings. An ordinary general meeting of the Company must be held at least annually during the four months following the end of the preceding fiscal year to consider certain matters specified in Article 181 and 182 of the Mexican Corporations Law, including, principally, the election of directors, the approval of the report of the Board of Directors regarding their company’s performance, the Company’s financial statements for the preceding fiscal year and the allocation of the profits and losses of the preceding year, and to approve the transactions that the Company or the entities that the Company controls intend to carry out, in terms of article 47 of the Securities Market Law, in one fiscal year, when such transactions represent 20.0% (twenty percent) or more of the consolidated assets of the Company, based on the figures corresponding to the closing of the immediately preceding quarter, independently of the manner in which such transactions are carried out, whether simultaneously or successively, but which due to their characteristics, may be considered as a single transaction. Holders of Shares may vote at such Meetings.

Under our bylaws, the quorum on first call for a general ordinary meeting is at least 50%. If a quorum is not available on first call, a second meeting may be called at which action may be taken by a majority of those present, regardless of the number of Shares represented at the meeting. On a second call, Ordinary General Shareholders’ Meetings will be considered validly held regardless of the number of common or ordinary Shares represented therein and the resolutions of such Meetings will be valid when passed by majority vote of the Common Stock therein.

 

The quorum on first call for a general extraordinary meeting or a special meeting is 75% of the outstanding Shares with voting rights on the matters to be addressed in that meeting. If a quorum is not available on first call, a second meeting may be called, provided that at least 50% of the outstanding Shares with voting rights on the matters to be addressed in that meeting are represented.

 

Our bylawsrequirebylaws require the approval of holders of at least 95% of the outstanding Shares and the approval of the CNBV for the amendment of the controlling stockholders’ obligation under the bylawstobylaws to repurchase Shares and certain other provisions in the event of delisting. See “—Other Provisions—Repurchase in the Event of Delisting.” For more detail, see our bylaws on our webpage atwww.bachoco.com.mx. Holders of ADSsADRs are entitled to instruct the Depositary as to the exercise of the voting rights.

 

According to our bylaws, stockholders with a right to vote may ask to postpone a vote on any matters on which they believe they do not have enough information as defined by Article 199 of the Mexican Corporation Law. Stockholders with a right to vote, including a limited right to vote, and who hold at least 20% of the capital stock, may legally object to the decisions of a general stockholders’ meeting, with respect to matters in which they have rights, without the percentage established under article 201 of the General Law of Business Entities being applicable in such case.

Moreover, holders of shares having voting rights, including limited or restricted voting rights or holders of Shares without voting rights that jointly or individually represent 5% or more of the capital stock, may directly exercise the action of liability against the members and secretary of the Board of Directors, as well as against the relevant directors or executive officers. The exercise of such action will not be subject to the compliance with the requirements set forth under articles 161 and 163 of the General Law of Business Entities.

 

The Board of Directors, or its President or Secretary or the judicial authority, as applicable, must issue notices of calls of Shareholders’ Meetings. In addition, shareholders that jointly or separately represent at least 10% of the capital of the Company may request the President of the Board of Directors or the President of the Audit Committee to call a General Shareholder’s Meeting, without the percentage indicated under article 184 of the General Law of Business Entities being applicable for such purpose. If the notice of meeting is not issued within fifteen days after the date of the corresponding request, a Civil or District Judge of the Company’s domicile will issue such notice at the request of the interested parties that represent the requesting 10% of the capital, who must present their stock certificates for such purpose.

At least 15 days prior to the meeting, notice of the meeting must be published in theDiario Oficial de la Federacion (“Official Gazette”) or in a newspaper of general circulation in Mexico City. Stockholders’ meetings may be held without such publication provided that 100% of the outstanding Shares with voting rights on the matters to be addressed by such meeting are represented.

 

From the moment that a call for a stockholders’ meeting is made public, all the information related to the meeting must be available to the stockholders. In order to attend a stockholders’ meeting, a stockholder must request and obtain an admission card by furnishing, at least 24 hours before the time set for holding the stockholders’ meeting, appropriate evidence of ownership of Shares in us and depositing such Shares with our corporate secretary or with an institution authorized to accept such deposit. If so entitled to attend the meeting, a stockholder may be represented by proxy signed before two witnesses. Additionally, the stockholder may be represented at the stockholders’ meetings by a person named by proxy, on a printed form that we issue, which, under Mexican law, must identify our Company and indicate clearly the matters to be addressed in the meeting, with enough space for the instructions that the stockholder specifies. We are obliged to make information on the upcoming meeting available to the intermediaries in the stock market, for the time specified in Article 173 of the Mexican Law, in order to give the intermediaries time to send it to the stockholders they represent. The Secretary of the Board of Directors must verify that this requirement is met and report on this matter at the stockholders’ meeting. See “—Registration and Transfer.”

 

Members of the Board

 

Under the Mexican Corporations Law, a Board of Directors must conform to the following requirements:

 

-The Board of Directors will be integrated by a minimum of five and a maximum of twenty-one principal members.

 

-At least twenty-five percent of the members of the Board of Directors must be independent, in accordance with the terms of article 24 of the Securities Market Law.

 

-For each principal member, a substitute will be appointed, in the understanding that the substitutes of independent Board members must also be independent.

Besides satisfying all of the requirements mentioned above, failure to meet these standards for any reason will not constitute grounds for judicial action challenging any act, contract, or agreement undertaken by the board, an intermediate committee or other delegated authority. Furthermore, such standards will not be mandatory for the validity or existence of such acts.

 

The Board of Directors must meet at least every three months at our address or any other place in Mexico and on the dates that the board determines. Meetings previously scheduled in accordance with a schedule pre-approved by the board do not need to be called. Meetings must be called by at least 25% of the members of the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Secretary or the Alternate Secretary of the Board or the President of the Audit Committee. Members of the board must be notified via e-mail or in writing at least five calendar days in advance of a meeting.

Dividends and Distributions

 

At the annual ordinary general stockholders’ meeting, the Board of Directors submits our financial statements for the previous fiscal year, together with a report thereon by the board, to the holders of Shares for their consideration. The holders of Shares, once they have approved the financial statements, determine the allocation of our net profits, if any, for the preceding year. As of December 31, 2012, our legal reserve fund was equal to at least 20% of our paid-in capital stock. Amounts in excess of those allocated to the legal reserve fund may be allocated to other reserve funds as the stockholders determine, including a reserve for the repurchase of our Shares. The remaining balance of net profits, if any, is available for distribution as dividends. No dividends may be paid, however, unless losses for prior fiscal years have been paid or absorbed.

 

Holders of shares and, accordingly, holders of ADSsADRs will have equal rights, on a per Share basis, to dividends and other distributions, including any distributions we make upon liquidation. Partially paid Shares participate in any distribution to the extent that such Shares have been paid at the time of the distribution or, if not paid, only with respect to the proportion paid.

 

Changes in Capital Stock

 

An increase of capital stock may generally be affected through the issuance of new shares for payment in cash or in kind, by capitalization of indebtedness or by capitalization of certain items of stockholders’ equity. An increase of capital stock generally may not be realized until all previously issued and subscribed Shares of capital stock have been fully paid. Generally, a reduction of capital stock may be effected to absorb losses, to redeem Shares, or to release stockholders from payments not made. A reduction of capital stock to redeem Shares is effected by reimbursing holders of Shares pro rata or by lot. Stockholders may also approve the redemption of fully paid Shares with retained earnings. Such redemption would be affected by a repurchase of Shares on the Mexican Stock Exchange (in the case of Shares listed thereon).

 

Except under limited circumstances, the bylawsrequirebylaws require that any capital increase affected pursuant to a capital contribution be represented Shares.

 

The fixed portion of our capital stock may only be increased or decreased by resolution of a general extraordinary meeting and an amendment to the bylaws, whereas the variable portion of our capital stock may be increased or decreased by resolution of a general ordinary meeting. See “Other Provisions—Fixed and Variable Capital.”

 

No resolution by the stockholders is required for decreases in capital stock resulting from exercise of our right to withdraw variable Shares or from our repurchase of our own Shares or for increases in capital stock resulting from our sale of Shares we previously purchased. See “Other Provisions—Purchase by the Company of its Shares” and “Other Provisions—Appraisal Rights.”

Preemptive Rights

 

Except in certain limited circumstances, in the event of a capital increase through the issuance of new Shares for payment in cash or in kind, a holder of existing Shares of a given Series at the time of the capital increase has a preferential right to subscribe for a sufficient number of new Shares of the same Series to maintain the holder’s existing proportionate holdings of Shares of that Series or, in the event of a capital increase through the issuance of limited-voting or non-voting stock only, to subscribe for a sufficient number of the Shares to be issued to maintain the holder’s existing proportionate holdings of our capital stock. Preemptive rights must be exercised within 15 days following the publication of notice of the capital increase in theDiario Oficial de la Federacion(Official (Official Gazette)or following the date of the stockholders’ meeting at which the capital increase was approved if all stockholders were represented at such meeting; otherwise, such rights will lapse. Under Mexican law, preemptive rights cannot be waived in advance by a stockholder, except under limited circumstances, and cannot be represented by an instrument that is negotiable separately from the corresponding share. The Robinson Bours Stockholders, including the Selling Stockholders, have waived all preemptive rights with respect to the Shares and the ADSsADRs being offered in the Global Offering. Holders of ADSsADRs that are U.S. citizens or are located in the United States may be restricted in their ability to participate in the exercise of preemptive rights.

 

Foreign Investment Legislation

 

Ownership by foreigners of Shares of Mexican companies is regulated by theLey de Inversion Extranjera (“Foreign Investment Law”) and by theReglamento de la Ley para Promover la Inversion Mexicana y Regular la Inversion Extranjera(“ (“Foreign Investment Regulations”). The Ministry of Commerce and Industrial Development and the Foreign Investment Commission are responsible for the administration of the Foreign Investment Law.

 

The Foreign Investment Law reserves certain economic activities exclusively for the Mexican state and certain other activities exclusively for Mexican individuals or Mexican corporations, and limits the participation of foreign investors to certain percentages in regard to enterprises engaged in activities specified therein. Foreign investors may own up to 100.0% of the capital stock of Mexican companies or entities, except for companies (i) engaged in reserved activities as referred to above or (ii) with assets exceeding an amount to be established annually by the Foreign Investment Commission, in which case an approval from the Foreign Investment Commission will be necessary in order for foreign investment to exceed 49.0% of the capital stock. Mexican and non-Mexican nationals will be entitled to hold and to exercise the rights of holders. The Robinson Bours Stockholders have advised us that they intend to maintain a control position. Pursuant to our bylaws,, foreigners may only own Shares up to 49.0%.

 

Other Provisions

Fixed and variable capital.capital

As asociedad “sociedad anonima de capital variablevariable”, we are permitted to issue Shares constituting fixed capital and Shares constituting variable capital. The issuance of variable capital Shares, unlike the issuance of fixed capital Shares, does not require an amendment of the bylaws, although it does require approval at a general ordinary stockholders’ meeting.

In no case may the capital of the Company be decreased to less than the minimum required by law and any decrease in the shareholders’ equity must be registered in the Equity Variations Book that the Company will keep for such purpose.

 

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Repurchase in the event of delisting.delisting

In the event of cancellation of the registration of the Company’s Shares in such Registry, whether at the request of the Company or by a resolution of the National Securities and Banking Commission under applicable law, the Company agrees to make a public offering for the acquisition of the total number of the Shares registered prior to the cancellation. The Company must contribute to a trust for at least six months, the necessary resources to purchase at the same price of the public offering, the Shares of the investors that did not attend or did not accept such offer, in case that after the public offering for purchase has been made and prior to the cancellation of the registration of the Shares that represent the capital stock of the Company or of other securities issued based on such Shares in the National Securities Registry, the Company had been unable to acquire 100.0% of the paid in capital stock.

Forfeiture of Shares.Shares

As required by Mexican law, our bylawsprovidebylaws provide that our current and future foreign stockholders are formally bound to the MexicanSecretaria de Relaciones Exteriores(“ (“Ministry of Foreign Relations”) to consider themselves as Mexican nationals with respect to our Shares that they may acquire or of which they may be owners, and with respect to the property, rights, concessions, participations or interests that we may own or rights and obligations that are based on contracts to which we are party with the Mexican authorities, and not to invoke the protection of their government under penalty, should they do so, of forfeiting to the Mexican State the corporate participation that they may have acquired. In the opinion of Galicia & Robles, S.C., our special Mexican counsel, under this provision a non-Mexican stockholder (including a non-Mexican holder of ADSs)ADRs) is deemed to have agreed not to invoke the protection of his own government by requesting such government to interpose a diplomatic claim against the Mexican government with respect to the stockholder’s rights as a stockholder, but is not deemed to have waived any other rights it may have with respect to its investment in us, including any rights under U.S. securities laws. If the stockholder should invoke such governmental protection in violation of this agreement, its Shares could be forfeited to the Mexican State. Mexican law requires that such a provision be included in the bylawsofbylaws of all Mexican corporations unless such bylawsprohibitbylaws prohibit ownership of capital stock by foreign investors.

Exclusive Jurisdiction

Exclusive Jurisdiction.

Our bylawsprovidebylaws provide that legal actions relating to any conflict between our stockholders and us, or among the stockholders in connection with matters related to us, may be brought only in courts in Mexico City. Therefore, our stockholders are restricted to the courts of Mexico City.

Duration

Duration.

The duration of our existence under our bylaws is indefinite.

Repurchase of our own Shares.Shares

We may repurchase our Shares on the Mexican Stock Exchange at any time at the then prevailing market price. Any repurchases will be charged to the Stockholders Equity as long as these Shares belong to the same Company or to the Capital Stock in the event that we convert these Shares to treasury stock, and in this last case no resolution of the stockholders’ meeting is required. At each annual ordinary Stockholder’s Meeting, the maximum amount of resources that may be used to repurchase Shares will be expressly defined. The Board of Directors will name the persons responsible for the operation of the repurchase process. The Shares that belong to the Treasury Stock or us can be resold among the public stockholders; in the latter case, no resolution of a stockholders’ meeting is necessary for an increase in capital. The economic and voting rights corresponding to such repurchased Shares may not be exercised during the period in which such Shares are owned by us, and such Shares are not deemed to be outstanding for purposes of calculating any quorum or vote at any stockholders’ meeting during such period.

Non-Subscribed Shares

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Non-Subscribed Shares.With prior authorization of the CNBV, we may issue non-subscribed Shares provided that such Shares will be held by a depositary institution and that there is compliance with the conditions of Article 53 of theLey del Mercado de Valores(“ (“Mexican Securities Law”). In any extraordinary stockholders’ meeting at which this issuance of non-subscribed Shares is approved, the preference rights established by Article 132 of the Mexican Corporations Law must be respected. With a quorum at the meeting, the approval of the issuance will take effect, even with respect to stockholders that were not present at the meeting, such that we will be free to issue these Shares with no prior publication. When a minority of stockholders representing at least 25.0% of the voting capital stock vote against the issuance of these Shares, such issuance cannot be made. Any stockholder that votes against this issuance at the stockholders’ meeting will have the right to request that we sell its Shares before issuing the new non-subscribed Shares. In such event, we will have the obligation to sell first the Shares belonging to such stockholders, at the same price that the non-subscribed Shares are to be offered to the public.

Stockholder Conflicts of Interest.Interest

Under Mexican law, any stockholder that has a conflict of interest with respect to any transaction must abstain from voting thereon at the relevant stockholders’ meeting. A stockholder that votes on a business transaction in which its interest conflicts with that of ours may be liable for damages if the transaction would not have been approved without such stockholder’s vote.

Board Member Conflicts of Interest.Interest

Under Mexican law, any member of the Board of Directors who has a conflict of interest with us in any transaction must disclose such fact to the other members of the Board of Directors and abstain from voting. Any member of the Board of Directors who violates such provision may be liable for damages caused to us. Additionally, members of the Board of Directors and statutory auditors may not represent other stockholders at any stockholders’ meeting.

Appraisal Rights

Appraisal Rights.

Whenever the stockholders approve a change of corporate purpose, a change in our nationality or transformation from one type of corporation form to another, any stockholder entitled to vote on such change or transformation who has voted against it has the right to withdraw from us and receive the amount calculated as specified under Mexican law attributable to its Shares, provided such stockholder exercises its right to withdraw within 15 days following the adjournment of the meeting at which the change or transformation was approved. Under Mexican law, the amount that a withdrawing stockholder is entitled to receive is equal to its proportionate interest in our capital stock according to the most recent balance sheet that has been approved by an ordinary general meeting of stockholders.

Actions against Directors.Directors

Under Mexican law, holders of Shares having voting rights, including limited or restricted voting rights or holders of Shares without voting rights that jointly or individually represent 5.0% (five percent) or more of the capital stock, may directly exercise the action of liability against the members and secretary of the Board of Directors, as well as against the relevant directors or executive officers. The exercise of such action, among others, will be subject to the compliance with the requirements set forth under the Mexican Law.

Audit Committee and Corporate Practices

 

Under our bylaws, the Board of Directors is required to create an Audit Committee and Corporate Practices under the terms and conditions outlined below:

 

-The Audit Committee and Corporate Practices will consist of members of the Board of Directors. The President of the Audit Committee and Corporate Practices and a majority of the committee members must be independent, as independence is defined under the Mexican Securities Market Law.

 

-The mandate of the audit committee and corporate practices is to establish and monitor procedures and controls in order to ensure that the financial information we distribute is useful, appropriate and reliable, and accurately reflects our financial position.

 

For more detail or to read more about the Committee’s activities please refer to “Audit Committee and Corporate Practices” section in Item 6 to this Annual Report. For additional information, also see Article 35 of the Mexican Securities Market Law.

 

Related Party Transactions

 

See “Related Party Transactions” included in Item 7 to this Annual Report.

See “Related Party Transactions” included in Item 7 to this Annual Report.

 

C.Material Contracts

 

None.

 

D.Exchange Controls

 

Ownership by foreigners of Mexican companies is regulated by the Foreign Investment Law and by the Foreign Investment Regulations. The Ministry of Commerce and Industrial Development and the Foreign Investment Commission are responsible for the administration of the Foreign Investment Law.

 

The Foreign Investment Law reserves certain economic activities exclusively for the Mexican Government and certain other activities exclusively for Mexican individuals or Mexican corporations and limits the participation of foreign investors to certain percentages in regard to enterprises engaged in activities specified therein. Foreign investors may own 100% of the capital stock of Mexican companies or entities, except for companies (i) engaged in reserved activities as referred to above or (ii) with assets exceeding an amount to be established annually by the Foreign Investment Commission in which case an approval from the Foreign Investment Commission shall be necessary in order for foreign investment to exceed 49.0% of the capital stock. Mexican and non-Mexican nationals will be entitled to hold and to exercise the rights of holders. The Robinson Bours Stockholders have advised us that they intend to maintain a control position of his shares. Pursuant to our bylaws, foreigners may only own Shares up to 49% of shares.

 

E.Taxation

 

The following discussion is a general summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences and the principal Mexican federal tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of Shares or ADSs.ADRs. This summary does not purport to address all material tax consequences that may be relevant to holders of Shares or ADSs,ADRs, and does not take into account the specific circumstances of any particular investors, some of which (such as tax-exempt entities, banks, insurance companies, broker-dealers, traders in securities that elect to use a mark-to-market method of accounting for their securities holdings, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, partnerships and other pass-through entities, investors liable for the U.S. alternative minimum tax, investors that own or are treated as owning 10% or more of our voting stock, investors that hold Shares or ADSsADRs as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion transaction or other integrated transaction and U.S. Holders (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar) may be subject to special tax rules. In addition, this summary is based in part upon the representations of the Depositary and the assumption that each obligation in the deposit agreement, and in any related agreement, will be performed in accordance with its terms.

For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Holder” is any beneficial owner of Shares or ADSsADRs that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is:

 

-an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;

 

-a corporation (or other entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia;

 

-an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax without regard to its source; or

 

-a trust that is subject to the primary supervision of a U.S. court and the control of one or more U.S. persons, or that has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.

 

If a partnership holds Shares or ADSs,ADRs, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend upon the status of the partner and upon the activities of the partnership. A partner of a partnership considering the purchase of Shares or ADSsADRs should consult its own independent tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of investing in Shares or ADSsADRs through a partnership.

 

Except where specifically described below, this discussion assumes that we are not a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes. See “U.S. Federal Income Taxation—Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules” below. This discussion is based on the federal income tax laws and regulations of the United States and Mexico, judicial decisions, published rulings and administrative pronouncements, all as in effect on the date hereof, and all of which are subject to change (and some changes may have retroactive effect) and different interpretations. Further, this discussion does not address U.S. federal estate and gift tax, U.S. Medicare contribution tax or the alternative minimum tax consequences of holding Shares or ADSsADRs or the indirect consequences to holders or equity interests in partnerships (or any other entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) that own Shares or ADSs.ADRs. In addition, this discussion does not address the non-U.S., non-Mexican, state or local tax consequences of holding Shares or ADSs.ADRs. Prospective purchasers of Shares or ADSsADRs should consult their own tax advisors as to the U.S., Mexican or other tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of Shares or ADSs,ADRs, including, in particular, the effect of any non-U.S. non-Mexican, state or local tax laws.

 

A Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, and a Protocol thereto, between the United States and Mexico (the “Tax Treaty”) took effect on January 1, 1994. The Tax Treaty was amended by a second Protocol signed September 8, 1994. The second Protocol entered into force on October 2, 2005. The Tax Treaty was amended by a third Protocol signed November 26, 2002, the provisions of which took effect in part on September 1, 2003, and in part on January 1, 2004. The United States and Mexico have also entered into an agreement concerning the exchange of information with respect to tax matters.

In general, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, holders of ADRs evidencing ADSsADRs will be treated as the beneficial owners of the Shares represented by those ADSs.ADRs. However, see the discussion below under “Taxation of Dividends” regarding certain statements made by the U.S. Treasury concerning depository arrangements.

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U.S. Federal Income Taxation

U.S. Holders

 

The following discussion is a summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to holders of our Shares and of ADSsADRs that are U.S. Holders and that hold those Shares or ADSsADRs as capital assets (generally, for investment purposes).

 

Taxation of Dividends

 

Cash distributions paid with respect to the Shares or ADSsADRs to the extent paid out of our earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles) will be included in the gross income of a U.S. Holder as ordinary income on the day on which the dividends are received by the U.S. Holder, in the case of Shares, or the Depositary, in the case of ADSs.ADRs. We do not currently maintain calculations of our earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles. Because these calculations are not made, distributions should be presumed to be taxable dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

 

A U.S. Holder will be entitled, subject to a number of complex limitations and conditions (including a minimum holding period requirement), to claim a U.S. foreign tax credit in respect of any Mexican income taxes withheld on dividends received on Shares or ADSs.ADRs. U.S. Holders who do not elect to claim a credit for any foreign income taxes paid during the taxable year may instead claim a deduction in respect of such Mexican income taxes, provided the U.S. Holder elects to deduct (rather than credit) all foreign income taxes for that year. Dividends received with respect to Shares or ADSsADRs will be treated as foreign source income, subject to various classifications and other limitations. For purposes of the U.S. foreign tax credit limitation dividends paid with respect to Shares or ADSsADRs generally will constitute “passive category income.” For most of U.S. Holders. The U.S. Treasury Department has expressed concerns that parties to whom depositary shares such as the ADSsADRs are released may be taking actions that are inconsistent with the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. Holders of such ADSs.ADRs. Accordingly, the analysis of the creditability of Mexican income taxes described above could be affected by future actions that may be taken by the U.S. Treasury Department. The rules relating to computing foreign tax credits or deducting foreign taxes are extremely complex, and U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own independent tax advisors regarding the availability of foreign tax credits with respect to any Mexican income taxes withheld.

 

Dividends paid in pesos will be included in the gross income of a U.S. Holder in a U.S. dollar amount calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the day they are received by the U.S. Holder, in the case of Shares, or by the Depositary, in the case of ADSsADRs (regardless of whether such pesos are in fact converted into U.S. dollars on such date). If such dividends are converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt by the U.S. Holder or the Depositary, as the case may be, the U.S. Holder generally should not be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss in respect of the dividends. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the treatment of foreign currency gain or loss, if any, on any pesos received which are converted into U.S. dollars on a date subsequent to receipt.

Cash dividends to corporate U.S. Holders will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to corporations under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Subject to certain exceptions for short-termshort term and hedged positions, and provided that we are not a PFIC (as discussed below), dividends received by certain U.S. Holders (including individuals) prior to January 1, 2013 with respect to the Shares or ADSsADRs will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation at a maximum rate of 15.0%preferential rates if such dividends represent “qualified dividend income.” Dividends paid on the ADSsADRs will be treated as qualified dividend income if (i) we are eligible for the benefits of the Tax Treaty or the ADSsADRs are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States and (ii) we were not in the year prior to the year in which the dividend was paid, and are not in the year in which the dividend is paid, a PFIC. We expect to be elegible doreligible for the benefits of the Tax Treaty. In Addition,addition, under current guidance recently issued by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), the ADSsADRs should qualify as readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States so long as they are listed on the New York Stock Exchange, but no assurances can be given that the ADSsADRs will be or remain readily tradable under future guidance.

The U.S. Treasury Department has announced its intention to promulgate rules pursuant to which shareholders (and intermediaries) will be permitted to rely on certifications from issuers to establish that dividends qualify for the reduced rate of U.S. federal income taxation. Because such procedures have not yet been issued, we are not certain that we will be able to comply with them. U.S. Holders of Shares or ADSsADRs should consult their own tax advisors regarding the availability of the reduced rate in the light of their own particular circumstances.

 

Distributions to U.S. Holders of additional Shares with respect to their Shares or ADSsADRs that are made as part of a pro rata distribution to all of our stockholders generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. If holders of the ADSsADRs are restricted in their ability to participate in the exercise of preemptive rights, the preemptive rights may give rise to a deemed distribution to holders of the Shares under Section 305 of the Code. Any deemed distributions will be taxable as a dividend in accordance with the general rules of the income tax treatment of dividends discussed above.

 

Taxation of Capital Gains

 

Gain or loss recognized by a U.S. Holder on the sale or other taxable disposition of Shares or ADSsADRs generally will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation as capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between such U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the Shares or ADSsADRs and the amount realized on the disposition. A U.S. Holder generally will have an adjusted tax basis in its Shares or ADSsADRs equal to its U.S. dollar cost for such Shares or ADSs.ADRs. Gain or loss recognized by a U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of Shares or ADSsADRs will generally be long-term gain or loss if, at the time of disposition, the U.S. Holder has held the Shares or ADSsADRs for more than one year.

 

Certain U.S. Holders, including individuals, are eligible for preferential rates of U.S. federal income tax in respect of long-term capital gains. The deduction of a capital loss is subject to limitations under the Code.

 

Gain realized by a U.S. Holder on a sale or other disposition of Shares or ADSsADRs generally will be treated as U.S. source income for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. Consequently, if any Mexican withholding tax is imposed on the sale or disposition of the Shares, a U.S. holder that does not receive significant foreign source income from other sources may not be able to derive effective U.S. foreign tax credit benefits in respect of these Mexican taxes. Alternatively, a U.S. Holder may deduct the Mexican tax withheld from its gross income, provided such U.S. Holder does not claim a foreign tax credit for any foreign income taxes paid or accrued during the taxable year. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the foreign tax credit rules to their investment in, and disposition of, the Shares or ADSs.ADRs.

In some cases, gain may be treated as foreign source income by holders eligible for the benefits of the Tax Treaty. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the Tax Treaty to gain or loss recognized on the sale or other taxable disposition of Share or ADRs.

 

Deposits and withdrawals of Shares by U.S. Holders in exchange for ADSsADRs will not result in the realization of gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules

 

A non-U.S. corporation generally will be classified as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes in any taxable year in which, after applying look-through rules, either (1) at least 75.0% of its gross income is passive income, or (2) on average at least 50.0% of the gross value of its assets is attributable to assets that produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income. Passive income for this purpose generally includes, among other things, dividends, interest, royalties, rents and gains from commodities and securities transactions. The determination as to whether a non-U.S. corporation is a PFIC is based on the application of complex U.S. federal income tax rules, which are suffering from different interpretations. In addition, the PFIC determination is made annually and generally is based on the value of a non-U.S. corporation’s assets (including goodwill) and composition of its income. In determining whether we are a PFIC, a pro rata portion of the income and assets of each subsidiary in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least a 25.0% interest by value is taken into account.

 

Based on current estimates of our income and assets, we do not believe that we were classified for our most recently-ended taxable year, or will be classified for our current taxable year, as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and we intend to continue our operations in such a manner that we will not become a PFIC in the future, although no assurances can be made regarding determination of our PFIC status in the current or any future taxable year. If we are treated as a PFIC for any taxable year, a U.S. Holder would be subject to special rules (and may be subject to increased tax liability and form filing requirements) with respect to (a) any gain realized on the sale or other disposition of Shares or ADSs,ADRs, and (b) any “excess distribution” made by us to the U.S. Holder (generally, any distribution during a taxable year in which distributions to the U.S. Holder on the Shares or ADSsADRs exceed 125.0% of the average annual distributions the U.S. Holder received on the Shares or ADSsADRs during the preceding three taxable years or, if shorter, the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Shares or ADSs)ADRs). Under those rules, (a) the gain or excess distribution would be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Shares or ADSs,ADRs, (b) the amount allocated to the taxable year in which the gain or excess distribution is realized and to taxable years before the first day on which we became a PFIC would be taxable as ordinary income, (c) the amount allocated to each prior year in which the Issuer was a PFIC would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the highest tax rate in effect for that year and (d) the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of U.S. federal income tax would be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each prior year in which we were treated as a PFIC.

 

In addition, a U.S. Holder generally must file IRS Form 8621 periodically to disclose ownership of an equity interest in a PFIC during any taxable year. U.S. Holders should also be aware that recently enacted legislation may broaden the current IRS Form 8621 filing requirements or impose an additional annual filing requirement for U.S. persons owning shares of a PFIC. The legislation does not describe what information would be required to be included in either situation, but grants the Secretary of the U.S. Treasury Department power to make this determination. Moreover, dividends that a U.S. Holder receives from us will not be eligible for the reduced U.S. federal income tax rates described above for qualified dividend income if we are a PFIC either in the taxable year of the distribution or the preceding taxable year (and instead will be taxable at rates applicable to ordinary income).

 

Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding the potential application of the PFIC rules to Shares or ADSsADRs and the application of recently enacted legislation to their particular situation.

Non-U.S. Holders

 

The following discussion is a summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences to beneficial holders of Shares or ADSsADRs that are neither U.S. Holders nor partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes (“Non-U.S. Holders”).

 

Subject to the discussion below under “U.S. Backup Withholding and Information Reporting,” a Non-U.S. Holder of Shares or ADSsADRs will not be subject to dividend or U.S. federal income or withholding tax on a dividend paid by us or gain realized on the sale of Shares or ADSs,ADRs, unless (i) such dividend or gain is effectively connected with the conduct by such Non-U.S. Holder of a trade or business in the United States (and, if an applicable tax treaty requires, is attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment or fixed base of such Non-U.S. Holder) or (ii) in the case of gain realized by an individual Non-U.S. Holder, such Non-U.S. Holder is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the sale and certain other conditions are met.

 

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U.S. Backup Withholding and Information Reporting

 

In general, dividends on Shares or ADSs,ADRs, and payments of the proceeds of a sale or other taxable disposition of Shares or ADSs,ADRs, paid within the United States, by the U.S. payor or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries to a U.S. Holder are subject to information reporting and may be subject to backup withholding at a current rate of 28%, unless the U.S. Holder (i) establishes that it is an exempt recipient or (ii) with respect to backup withholding, provides an accurate taxpayer identification number and certifies that it is a U.S. person and that no loss of exemption from backup withholding has occurred. Payments made within the United States, by a U.S. payor or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries to a Non-U.S. Holder will not be subject to backup withholding tax and information reporting requirements if an appropriate certification is provided by the U.S.Non-U.S. Holder to the payor or intermediary and the pay or intermediary does not have actual knowledge or a reason to know that the certificate is incorrect.

 

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. The amount of any backup withholding withheld from a payment to a U.S. Holder will be allowed as a credit against the U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS. A U.S. Holder generally may obtain a refund of any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules that exceed its U.S. federal income tax liability by filing a timely refund claim with the IRS.

 

In addition, U.S. Holders should be aware that recentlylegislation enacted legislationin 2010 imposes new reporting requirements with respect to the holding of foreign financial assets, including stock of foreign issuers, if the aggregate value of all of such assets exceeds $50,000, subject to certain exceptions. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the information reporting rules to our common Shares and the application of the recently enacted legislationthese reporting requirements to their particular situation.

 

Mexican Taxation

 

Taxation of Dividends

 

Dividends, either in cash or in any other form, paid with respect to the Shares constituting the Shares or the ADSsADRs will not be subject to Mexican withholding tax.

Taxation of Capital Gains

 

Gain on the sale or other disposition of ADSsADRs by holders who are not Mexican Residents (as defined below) will not be subject to Mexican income tax. Deposits of Shares in exchange for ADSsADRs and withdrawals of Shares in exchange for ADSsADRs will not give rise to Mexican income tax.

 

Gain on the sale of Shares by a holder who is not a Mexican Resident (as defined below) will not be subject to Mexican tax if the transaction is carried out through the Mexican Stock Exchange or other securities markets approved by the Mexican Ministry of Finance, and provided certain requirements set forth by the Mexican Income Tax Law are complied with. Sales or other dispositions of Shares made in other circumstances generally would be subject to Mexican tax, except to the extent that a holder is eligible for benefits under an income tax treaty to which Mexico is a party of. Under the Tax Treaty, gain on the sale or other disposition of Shares by a U.S. resident (if eligible for benefits under the Tax Treaty) who is a holder of less than 25% of our capital stock during the twelve-month period preceding such sale or disposition will not be subject to Mexican tax, unless (i) 50% or more of the fair market value of our assets consist of “immovable property” (as defined in the Tax Treaty) situated in Mexico, or (ii) such gains are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base of such U.S. resident in Mexico.

For a holder that is not a Mexican Resident and that does not meet the requirements referred to above, gross income realized on the sale of Shares will be subject to a 5% Mexican withholding tax if the transaction is carried out through the Mexican Stock Exchange. Alternatively, a holder that is not a Mexican Resident can choose to be subject to a 20% withholding rate on the net gain obtained, as calculated pursuant to Mexican Income Tax Law provisions.

 

The Mexican tax rules governing the taxation of gains of holders who are not Mexican Residents on dispositions of their Shares or ADSsADRs were amended during 2002. Holders who are not Mexican Residents who disposed of their Shares or ADSsADRs during 2003 should consult their own Mexican tax advisors on the Mexican tax treatment of such dispositions.

 

For purposes of Mexican taxation (Ley del Impuesto sobre la renta), an individual is a resident of Mexico (a “Mexican Resident”) if he or she has established his or her home in Mexico, unless he or she has resided in another country for more than 183 days, whether consecutive or not, during a calendar year and can demonstrate that he or she has become a resident of that country for tax purposes. A legal entity is a Mexican Resident if it has been incorporated under Mexican law. A company is also considered to be a Mexican Resident if its headquarters are located in Mexico. A Mexican citizen is presumed to be a resident of Mexico for tax purposes unless such person can demonstrate otherwise. If a person is deemed to have a permanent establishment or fixed base in Mexico for tax purposes, such permanent person shall be required to pay taxes in Mexico on income attributable to such permanent establishment or fixed base, in accordance with applicable tax laws.

 

Other Mexican Taxes

 

There are no Mexican inheritance, succession or similar taxes applicable to the ownership, transfer or disposition of ADSsADRs or Shares by holders that are not Mexican Residents; provided, however, that gratuitous transfers of Shares may in certain circumstances cause a Mexican federal tax to be imposed on the recipient. There is no Mexican stamp, issue, registration or similar taxes or duties payable by holders of ADSsADRs or Shares.BrokerageShares. Brokerage fees on securities transactions carried out through the Mexican Stock Exchange are subject to a 15% for 2008 and 2009 and 16% for 2010,, valued added tax.

F.Dividends and Paying Agents

 

Not applicable.

 

G.Statement by Experts

 

Not applicable.

 

H.Documents on Display

 

The documents concerning us which are referred to in this document are available in our company headquarters, located at Ave.avenida Tecnologico No. 401, Ciudad Industrial, Celaya, Guanajuato, zip code 38010, Mexico, for any inspection required. Part of this information is available on our web page, atwww.bachoco.com.mx.

I.Subsidiary Information

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 11.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

 

In the normal course of our business, we hold or issue various financial instruments that expose us to financial risks involving fluctuations in currency exchange rates and interest rates. Also, we are exposed to commodity price risk in connection with fluctuations in the prices for our feed ingredients.

 

The Company is exposed to the following risks related to the use of financial instruments to which risk management is applied:credit risk, liquidity risk, market risk, and operational risk.

Note 5 of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements presents information on the Company’s exposure to each of the aforementioned risks, and the Company’s objectives, policies and procedures for risk measurement and management. Further quantitative disclosures are included in various sections of these Audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in this annual report.

Risk management framework

The risk philosophy adopted by the Company seeks to minimize the risk and, therefore, to enhance its business stability, by opting for a sound relationship between the levels of risk assumed and its operating capabilities, for ensuring a better decision-making that will enable an optimal combination of products and assets leading to a risk-return ratio more in line with the stockholders’ risk profile.

Risk means the level of uncertainty associated with the Company’s future losses.

Risk Management means the “Set of objectives, policies, procedures and actions implemented to identify measure, monitor, limit, control, report and disclose the various types of risks to which the entity is exposed”.

Currency Fluctuation

 

Our exposure to market risk associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates relates primarily to cost and expenses which are denominated in U.S. dollars. See Risk Factors under Item 3.

 

In 2009, we had a foreign exchange loss of Ps. 38.0 million because of the slightly decreased volatility of the Mexican peso. The net interest expense and the valuation effects of our financial instrument totaled Ps. 95 million as of December 31, 2009.

In 2010,During 2011, we had a foreign exchange gain of Ps. 11.154.5 million, becauseand, despite the volatility of the stronger and more stable peso dueduring the year, our investments allowed us to the growthregister this gain. As of the Mexican economy in 2010. Thesame date, the net interest income and the valuation effects of our financial instrumentinstruments totaled Ps. 111.0 million as of December 31, 2010.$193.3 million.

 

During 2011,2012, we had a foreign exchange gain of Ps. 54.735.2 million, even when the peso was volatile during the year, our investments allowed us to register this gain. As of the same date, the net interest income and the valuation effects of our financial instruments totaled $123.1Ps. 234.8 million.

 

We manage our exchange rate exposure primarily through management of our financial structure, specifically by maintaining most of our debt through long-term debt instruments. As part of our normal operations, we purchase financial derivative instruments in order to ensure greater certainty in our purchases of U.S. dollars. We plan over a six-month period into the future and, depending on the expected uncertainty for that period, decide if it is economically advisable to purchase or sell any hedging instrument.

 

The main risk that the Company faces with the use of these derivative instruments is the volatility in the exchange rate of the peso against the U.S. dollar.

 

We have followed different strategies with respect to derivatives which involved callOur risk committee approves any change in policies and put options in U.S. dollars. In 2009 and, 2010 we did not have bank debt denominated in U.S. dollars. During 2011,reviews the Company acquired a one-year bank creditapplication of US$75 million dollars, equivalent to Ps. 1,047.7 million in pesos. The interest rate of this credit is LIBOR plus 0.60 points.current policies.

 

For more details please see Note 1210 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

No assurance can be given as to the future valuation of the Mexican peso and how further movements in the peso could affect our future earnings. In order to mitigate our foreign exchange risk, we have established a Risk Committee which meets at least once a month and approves the guidelines and policies for entering into these operations. We also work with independent consultants who make evaluations of our positions and provide us with consulting services. Said companies do not sell any financial instruments to us.

Based on our derivatives position On

As of December 31, 2011,2012, we estimate that a hypothetical 2.5% devaluation of the Mexican peso against the U.S. dollar would result in gains of Ps. 0.2 million, while a 5.0% appreciation would result in a loss of Ps. 0.5 milliondid not have derivative positions related to exchange rates.

 

Interest Rates

 

Our earnings may also be affected by changes in interest rates due to the impact those changes have on our variable rate debt instruments.

As of December 31, 2011,2012, we had borrowings of approximately Ps. 1,879.12,723.6 million pursuant to variable rate debt instruments, representing approximately 8.0%9.8% of our total assets.

 

Based on our position on December 31, 2011,2012, we estimate that a hypothetical interest rate variation of 0.5%1% on our Mexican peso denominated debt would result in increased interest expenses of approximately Ps. 9.30.3 million per annum.annum in such instruments. Any such increase would likely be partially offset by an increase in interest income due to our strong cash and cash equivalent position.

 

For more detail, see Note 10 of our consolidated Financial Statements.

Feed Ingredients

 

The price of sorghum, soy meal, and corn is subject to significant volatility resulting, from many external factors like weather conditions, the size of harvests, transportation and storage costs, among others. In order to reduce the potential adverse effect of grain price fluctuations, we vary the composition of our feed to take advantage of current market prices for the various types of ingredients used.

 

The percentage of grain purchased from domestic markets in Mexico was 48.0%47.0%, 44.6% and 54.0% in 2012, 2011 and 44.6% in 2009, 2010 and 2011 respectively.

 

Based on results for 2011,2012, we estimate that a hypothetical variation of 10.0% in the cost of our feed ingredients would have an impact of 7.1%approximately 6.0% on total cost of sales.

 

ITEM 12.Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities

 

A.Debt Securities

 

Not applicable.On August 29, 2012, we issued bonds for Ps. 1,500 million through a public issuance of local bonds (“Certificados Bursatiles” or “CBs”) in the local debt capital markets for a tenor of 5 years, maturing in 2017.

The bonds issued have a 28-day TIIE interest rate and will offer investors a yield of TIIE + 0.60%. The principal of the bonds will be amortized at face value, in one payment, on the date of maturity.

This represented our first bond offering, which was distributed among a wide range of local investors. The funds obtained were utilized in accordance with the Company’s financial requirements.

This first Ps. 1,500 million bonds issuance is part of a bond issuance program for up to Ps. 5,000 million that the Company has available for issuance within the next five years, in accordance with its financial needs.

The CBs does not provide restrictions of payment of cash dividends.

For more detail, see Note 10 and Note 18 of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

B.Warrants and Rights

 

Not applicable.

 

C.Other Securities

 

Not applicable.

D.American Depository Receipts

The Bank of New York Mellon (or “BONY”) has been our Depositary Bank since the day of our initial public offering of shares continues to act in that capacity as of the date of this document. BONY is located in Church Street Station, in New York, N.Y. 100286.

 

67

Fees and charges that a Holder of our ADSsADRs may have to pay, either directly or indirectly

 

Our Depositary may charge each person to whom ADSsADRs are issued, including, without limitation, issuances against deposits of shares, issuances in respect of share distributions, rights and other distributions, issuances pursuant to a stock dividend or stock split declared by us or issuances pursuant to a merger, exchange of securities or any other transaction or event affecting the ADSsADRs or deposited securities, and each person surrendering ADSsADRs for withdrawal of deposited securities in any manner permitted by the deposit agreement or whose ADSsADRs are cancelled or reduced for any other reason, [US$5.00 for each 100 ADSs]ADRs] (or any portion thereof) issued, delivered, reduced, cancelled or surrendered, the case may be. The Depositary may sell (by public or private sale) sufficient securities and property received in respect of a share distribution, rights and/or other distribution prior to such deposit to pay such charge.

 

The Depositary collects its fees for delivery and surrender of ADSsADRs directly from investors depositing shares or surrendering ADSsADRs for the purpose of withdrawal or from intermediaries acting for them. The Depositary collects fees for making distributions to investors by deducting those fees from the amounts distributed or by selling a portion of distributable property to pay the fees. The Depositary may collect its annual fee for depositary services by deductions from cash distributions or by directly billing investors or by charging the book-entry system accounts of participants acting for them. The Depositary may generally refuse to provide fee-attracting services until its fees for those services are paid.

 

The following additional charges shall be incurred by the ADSADR holders, by any party depositing or withdrawing shares or by any party surrendering ADSsADRs or to whom ADSsADRs are issued (including, without limitation, issuance pursuant to a stock dividend or stock split declared by us or an exchange of stock regarding the ADSsADRs or the deposited securities or a distribution of ADSs)ADRs), whichever is applicable:

 

Persons depositing or withdrawing shares
must pay:
 For:
$5.00 (or less) per 100 ADSsADRs (or portion of 100 ADSs)ADRs) 

• Issuance of ADSs,ADRs, including issuances resulting from a distribution of shares or rights or other property

• Cancellation of ADSsADRs for the purpose of withdrawal, including if the deposit agreement terminates

$.02 (or less) per ADSADR • Any cash distribution to ADSADR registered holders
A fee equivalent to the fee that would be payable if securities distributed to you had been shares and the shares had been deposited for issuance of ADSsADRs • Distribution of securities distributed to holders of deposited securities which are distributed by the depositary to ADSADR registered holders
$.02 (or less) per ADSsADRs per calendar year • Depositary services
Registration or transfer fees • Transfer and registration of shares on our share register to or from the name of the depositary or its agent when you deposit or withdraw shares
Expenses of the depositary 

• Cable, telex and facsimile transmissions (when expressly provided in the deposit agreement)

• Converting foreign currency to U.S. dollars

Taxes and other governmental charges the depositary or the custodian have to pay on any ADSADR or share underlying an ADS,ADR, for example, stock transfer taxes, stamp duty or withholding taxes • As necessary
Any charges incurred by the depositary or its agents for servicing the deposited securities • As necessary

We will pay all other charges and expenses of the Depositary and any agent of the depositary (except the custodian) pursuant to agreements from time to time between us and the Depositary. The fees described above may be amended from time to time.

 

Fees and other direct and indirect payments made by the Depositary and us

 

The Depositary has agreed to reimburse us for expenses we incur that are related to establishment and maintenance expenses of the ADSADR program. The Depositary has agreed to reimburse us for our continuing annual stock exchange listing fees. The Depositary has also agreed to pay the standard out-of-pocket maintenance costs for the ADSs,ADRs, which consist of the expenses of postage and envelopes for mailing annual and interim financial reports, printing and distributing dividend checks, electronic filing of U.S. Federal tax information, mailing required tax forms, stationery, postage, facsimile, and telephone calls. It has also agreed to reimburse us annually for certain investor relationship programs or special investor relations promotional activities. In certain instances, the Depositary has agreed to provide additional payments to the Company based on any applicable performance indicators relating to the ADSADR facility. There are limits on the amount of expenses for which the depositary will reimburse us, but the amount of reimbursement available to us is not necessarily tied to the amount of fees the depositary collects from investors.

 

Pursuant to our letter agreement with our Depositary, in 2012, we received a payment of US$300,000 (less fees) as payment of June 18, 2010 we recorded an account receivable in 2010 and 2011 amounting to US$200,000 for expenses we incurred related to the maintenance of our ADSADR program, including investor relations expenses and exchange application and listing fees. We anticipate this amount to be paid by our Depositary during the first half of 2012.fees in 2012, 2011 and 2010.

 

PART II

 

ITEM 13.Default, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies

 

None.

 

ITEM 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds

 

None.

ITEM 15.Controls and Procedures

 

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

We carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2011.

We acquired OK Industries, Inc., and subsidiaries (OK Industries) on November 1, 2011, with total assets of 1,848,660 Ps. and total revenues of 1,378,779 Ps. that represent 8% and 5%, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statements of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries as of and for the year ended December 31, 2011. As the acquisition occurred in the fourth quarter of 2011, the scope of our assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting does not include OK Industries. This exclusion is in accordance with the SEC’s general guidance that an assessment of a recently acquired business may be omitted from our scope in the year of acquisition.

2012. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Based upon and as of the date of our evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file and submit under the Securities Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with Mexican FRS.IFRS.

 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Effective control over financial reporting cannot, and does not, provide absolute assurance of achieving our control objectives. Also, any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011.2012. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control—Integrated Framework. Based on this assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2011,2012, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.

 

The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011,2012, has been audited by KPMG, Cardenas Dosal S.C., an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears herein.

 

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting in the period covered by this annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

77

Attestation

Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

The Board of Directors and Stockholders

Industrias Bachoco, S. A. B.S.A.B. de C. V.C.V.:

 

(Thousands of pesos)

We have audited Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V.’s and subsidiaries’ (the “Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011,2012, based on criteria established inInternal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V.’s and subsidiaries’ management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

In our opinion, Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011,2012, based on criteria established inInternal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

The Company acquired OK Industries, Inc. and subsidiaries (OK Industries) on November 1, 2011, and management excluded from its assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, OK Industries’ internal control over financial reporting associated with total assets of $1,848,660 and total revenues of $1,378,779 that represent 8% and 5%, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statements of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries as of and for the year ended December 31, 2011. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of the Company also excluded an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of OK Industries.

 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) and with auditing standards generally accepted in Mexico,, the consolidated statements of financial position of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries as of January 1, 2011 and December 31, 20102011 and 2011,2012, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity,changes inequity and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2011 and 2012, and our report dated April 30, 20122013 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statementsstatements.

 

Queretaro, Mexico, April 30, 2012.2013.

 

By:/s/Demetrio Villa Michel
KPMG, Cardenas Dosal, S.C.

ITEM 16.[Reserved]

 

ITEM 16.  [Reserved]

ITEM 16.A.Audit Committee Financial Expert

 

In April 2011, Mr. Felizardo Gastelum Felix, Independent Director, was named as President of the Audit Committee and Corporate Practices. Until his death on April 18, 2012, Mr. Felizardo Gastelum Felix met the requirements included in the definition of an “audit committee financial expert” within the meaning of this Item 16A and performed this role in an exemplary manner. Currently, no member of our audit committee possesses all the characteristics included in the definition of an “audit committee financial expert” within the meaning of this Item 16A. We consider that the combined financial expertise of the members of our audit committee meet much of this requirement. Our audit committee has the authority and appropriate funding to obtain outside advice, as it deems necessary, to carry out its duties.

 

ITEM 16.B.Code of Ethics

 

We have adopted a code of ethics, as defined in Item 16B of Form 20-F under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Our code of ethics applies to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, controllerand persons performing similar functions, as well as to other officers and employees. Our code of ethics is available free of charge upon request through our investor relations websitewww.bachoco.com.mx www.bachoco.com.mx. If we amend the provisions of our code of ethics that apply to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, controller and persons performing similar functions, or if we grant any waiver of such provisions, we will disclose such amendment or waiver on our website at the same address.

 

ITEM 16.C.Principal Accountant Fees and Services

 

Audit and Non-Audit Fees

 

The following table sets forth the fees billed by our independent auditors KPMG Cardenas Dosal, S.C. independent registered public accounting firm and aid by us. All amounts are in nominal thousand pesos, prior to taxes.no taxes are included.

 

AUDIT FEES OF KPMG   
 In thousand of pesos as of December 31 of,  As of December 31, 
KPMG, Cardenas Dosal, S.C. 2010  2011 
Total fees Ps.9,500  Ps.7,429 
In thousands of pesos, 2011  2012 
Total Fees: Ps.7,429  Ps.10,348 
Audit fees  7,184   4,081   4,081   7,967 
Audit related fees  1,602   1,697   1,697   1,972 
Taxes fees  0   0 
Other  713   1,651   1,651   409 

 

The total 20102012 and 2011 audit fees agreed to be paid to KPMG Cardenas Dosal, S.C. is Ps. 5.4million7.3 million and, and Ps. 7.0 million respectively.

 

Audit related fees in the table above for 20112012 are fees related to the review of the Annual Reports to be released to the Mexican and New York stock exchanges, as well as fees billed by KPMG Cardenas Dosal, S.C. related to expenses they incurred in connection with the performance of their audit, such as lodging and traveling.

 

Fees included in "other" arefor 2011, were related to Due Diligence services as well as services related to the adoption of the IFRS.IFRS, and for 2012, were related to services provided in connection with the adoption of IFRS and the issuance of local bonds.

Audit Committee Approval Policies and Procedures

 

Our audit committee has not established pre-approval policies and procedures for the engagement of our independent auditors for services. Our audit committee expressly approves on a case-by-case basis any engagement of our independent auditors for audit and non-audit services provided to our subsidiaries or to us.

ITEM 16.D.Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees

 

According to the New York Stock Exchange’s Listing Standards for Audit Committees of a Foreign Private Issuer, Ricardo Aguirre, a member of our audit committee, currently does not meet the independence standards set forth in Rule 10A-3b(1)(ii)(B) of the Exchange Act. Therefore, with respect to Mr. Aguirre, we rely on the exemption provided in Rule 10A-3(b)(1)(iv)(D) of the Exchange Act because Mr. Aguirre (i) represents the Company's controlling shareholders, (ii) only has observer status on, and is not a voting member or the chair of, the Company's audit committee and (iii) is not an executive officer of the Company. Our reliance on such exemption does not materially adversely affect the ability of our audit committee to act independently and to satisfy the other requirements of Rule 10A-3(b).

 

ITEM 16.E.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

 

Every year during the annual ordinary stockholder meeting, the Board proposes the approval of an amount to be used in a repurchase plan of our shares. The repurchasedrepurchase plan is approveapproved for a period of one year. All the shares set in the table below were repurchased pursuant to the repurchase plan in force at the date of the purchase.

 

The table set below sets forth the information regarding the purchase plan approved by the Board of Directors in the three recent fiscal years.

 

REPURCHASE PLAN APPROVEDREPURCHASE PLAN APPROVED
Year Starting date Expiration date Amount 
in pesos
 Estimate number of shares that
may be purchased under the plan
  Announced date Expiration date Amount Estimate number of shares that
may be purchased under the plan
 
2010 April 28, 2010 April 27, 2011 Ps.273,120,000 12,000,000 
2011 April 27, 2011 April 25, 2012 Ps.335,640,000 12,000,000  April 27, 2011 April 25, 2012 Ps.335,640,000   12,000,000 
2012 April 25, 2012 April 24, 2013 Ps.195,770,700 12,000,000(1) April 25, 2012 April 24, 2013 Ps.195,770,700   12,000,000 
2013 April 24, 2013 April 23, 2014 Ps.391,560,000   12,000,000(1)

(1) The amount includes current shares in the repurchasedrepurchase plan.

The table below sets forth information about the repurchase of our Sharesshares on the BMV:

 

Period of
2011
 Total number of
shares
purchased
  Average price paid
per share, in
Mexican pesos
  Total number of
Shares purchased as
part of the publicly
Announced plan
  Estimate maximum
number of shares
that may yet be
purchased under
the plan
 
January  30,000  Ps. 25.80   30,000   11,970,000 
February  -   -   -   11,970,000 
March  -   -   -   11,970,000 
April  10,000   27.10   10,000   11,960,000 
May  40,100   25.19   40,100   11,919,900 
June  37,300   25.04   37,300   11,882,600 
July  -   -   -   11,882,600 
August  32,200   21.33   32,200   11,850,400 
September  10,000   24.58   10,000   11,840,400 
October  -   -   -   11,840,400 
November  70,000   23.37   70,000   11,780,400 
December  27,800   21.02   27,800   11,752,600 
Total 2011  257,400  Ps. 23.81   257,400   11,752,600 

REPURCHASE OF SHARES IN 2012

 

Period of
2012
 Total number of
shares
purchased
  Average price paid
per share, in
Mexican pesos
  Total number of
Shares purchased as
part of the publicly
Announced plan
  Estimate maximum
number of shares
that may yet be
purchased under
the plan
 
January 2012  43,700  Ps. 21.85   43,700   11,708,900 
February 2012  2,083,381   22.73   2,083,381   9,625,519 
March 2012  609,500   22.08   609,500   9,016,019 
Total 2012  2,536,581  Ps. 22.20   2,536,581   9,016,019 
Full month of 2012 Total number
 of shares
purchased
  Average price
paid per share (in
pesos)
  Total number of
shares purchased as
part of the publicly
announced plan
  Estimate maximum
number of shares
that may yet be
purchased under the
plan
 
Opening balance  227,400  Ps.23.65   227,400   12,000,000 
January  43,700   21.92   43,700   11,956,300 
February  2,083,381   22.51   2,083,381   9,872,919 
March  609,500   22.06   609,500   9,263,419 
April  348,000   22.04   348,000   8,915,419 
May  -   -   -   8,915,419 
June  -   -   -   8,915,419 
July  -   -   -   8,915,419 
August  21,600   24.95   21,600   8,893,819 
September  45,841   25.13   45,841   8,847,978 
October  252,709   25.58   252,709   8,595,269 
November  -   -   -   8,595,269 
December  300,000   28.07   300,000   8,295,269 
Total 2012  3,932,131  Ps.23.12   3,932,131   8,295,269 

REPURCHASE OF SHARES IN 2013

Full month of 2013 Total number
of shares
purchased
  Average price paid
per share (in
pesos)
  Total number of
shares purchased as
part of the publicly
announced plan
  Estimate maximum
number of shares
that may yet be
purchased under the
plan
 
Opening balance  0  Ps.0.00   0   8,295,269 
January 2013  -   0.00   -   8,295,269 
February 2013  100,000   30.70   100,000   8,195,269 
March 2013  -   0.00   -   8,195,269 
Total as of March 31:  100,000  Ps.30.70   100,000   8,195,269 

REPURCHASE PLAN BALANCE

 

Balance as of March 31, 2012 Number of Shares 
Total shares purchasedin the repurchase plan as of December 31, 20102011  200,000227,400 
(+) Total shares purchased in 20112012  257,4003,704,731 
(-) Total shares sold in 20112012  230,0003,932,131
Total shares in the repurchase plan as of December 31, 20120 
(+) Total shares purchased as of March 31, 20122013  2,736,581100,000 
(-) Total shares sold as of March 31, 20122013  12,900100,000 
Total shares in the repurchasedrepurchase plan as of March 31, 20122013  2,951,0810 

 

ITEM 16.F.Changes in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant

 

Not applicable.

ITEM 16.G.Corporate Governance

 

Comparison of our Corporate Governance Rules and the Rules of the NYSE Applicable to U.S. Registered Companies

 

On November 4, 2003, the SEC approved final corporate governance standards for companies listed on the NYSE (“NYSE Corporate Governance Standards”). According to such standards, foreign private issuers are subject to a more limited set of requirements regarding corporate governance than those imposed on U.S. domestic issuers. As a foreign private issuer, we must comply with four NYSE Corporate Governance Standards:

 

-prior to July 31, 2005, we must comply with the requirements set forth by the SEC concerning audit committees;

 

-we must submit an annual Written Affirmation to the NYSE and an Interim Written Annual Affirmation each time a change occurs in the Board of Directors or the Audit Committee;

 

-our CEO must promptly notify the NYSE in writing after any executive officer becomes aware of any material non-compliance with any of the applicable NYSE corporate governance rules; and

 

-we must provide a brief description disclosing any significant ways in which our corporate governance practices differ from those followed by U.S. companies under NYSE listing standards.

 

Pursuant to Section 303A.11 of the NYSE Corporate Governance Standards, we are required to disclose any significant ways in which our corporate governance practices differ from those required to be followed by domestic companies under NYSE listing standards. A brief description disclosing the significant ways in which our corporate governance practices differ from those followed by U.S. companies under the NYSE listing standards is set forth below:

 

NYSE Corporate Governance Rules for
Domestic

Issuers

 Our Corporate Governance Practices
   
Director Independence. Majority of board of directors must be independent. “Controlled companies,” which would include our company if it were a U.S. issuer, are exempt from this requirement. Pursuant to the Mexican Securities Market Law and our bylaws, our stockholders are required to appoint a board of directors of between five and 20 members, 25% of whom must be independent. Our board of directors is not required to make a determination as to the independence of our directors.
   
A director is not independent if such director is: Under Article 14 Bis of the Mexican Securities Market Law, a director is not independent if such director is:
   
(i)   a person who the board determines has a material direct or indirect relationship with the company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary; (i) an employee or officer of the company (one-year cooling off period);
   
(ii)  an employee, or an immediate family member of an executive officer, of the company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary, other than employment as interim chairman or CEO; (ii) a stockholder that, without being an employee or officer of the company, has influence or authority over the company’s officers;

NYSE Corporate Governance Rules for
Domestic

Issuers

 Our Corporate Governance Practices
   
(iii)  a person who receives, or whose immediate family member receives, more than $100,000 per year in direct compensation from the company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary, other than director and committee fees or deferred compensation for prior services only (and other than compensation for service as interim chairman or CEO or received by an immediate family member for service as a non-executive employee); (iii) a consultant, or partner or employee of a consultant, to the company or its affiliates, where the income from the company represents 10% or more of the overall income of such consultant;
   
(iv)  a person who is affiliated with or employed, or whose immediate family member is affiliated with or employed in a professional capacity, by a present or former internal or external auditor of the company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary; (iv) an important client, supplier, debtor or creditor (or a partner, director or employee thereof). A client and supplier is considered important where its sales to or purchases from the company represent more than 10% of the client’s or supplier’s total sales or purchases. A debtor or creditor is considered important whenever its sales to or purchases from to the company represent more than 15% of the debtor’s or creditor’s total sales or purchases;
   
(v)   an executive officer, or an immediate family member of an executive officer, of another company whose compensation committee’s membership includes an executive officer of the listed company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary; or (v)   an employee of a non-profit entity that receives contributions from the company that represent more than 15% of the total contributions received;
   
(vi)  an executive officer or employee of a company, or an immediate family member of an executive officer of a company, that makes payments to, or receives payments from, the listed company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary for property or services in an amount which, in any single fiscal year, exceeds the greater of $1 million or 2% of such other company’s consolidated gross revenues (charities are not included, but any such payments must be disclosed in the company’s proxy (or, if no proxy is prepared, its Form 10-K / Annual Report)). (vi) a CEO or other high ranking officer of another company in which the issuer’s CEO or other high ranking officer is a member of the board of directors; or

NYSE Corporate Governance Rules for
Domestic

Issuers

 Our Corporate Governance Practices
   
(vii) “Immediate family member” includes a person’s spouse, parents, children, siblings, mothers and fathers-in-law, sons and daughters-in-law and anyone (other than domestic employees) who shares the person’s home. Individuals who are no longer immediate family members due to legal separation, divorce or death (or incapacity) are excluded. §303A.02(b) (vii) a “family member” related to any of the persons mentioned above in (i) through (vi). “Family member” includes a person’s spouse, concubine or other relative of up to three degrees of consanguinity and affinity, in the case of (i) and (ii) above, and a spouse, concubine or other relative of up to one degree of consanguinity or affinity in the case of (iii) through (vi) above.
   
Executive Sessions. Non-management directors must meet regularly in executive sessions without management. Independent directors should meet alone in an executive session at least once a year. §303A.03 There is no similar requirement under our bylaws or applicable Mexican law.
   
Audit committee. Audit committee satisfying the independence and other requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act and the more stringent requirements under the NYSE standards is required. §§303A.06, 303A.07 The members of our audit committee are independent as independence is defined by Rule 10A-3.
   
  Our audit committee complies with the requirements of the Mexican Securities Market Law and has the following attributes:
   
  

·     We have a three-member audit committee, which is composed of one proprietary director and two proprietary independent directors.

·     The president of the audit committee and one additional member are independent. Under the Mexican Securities Market Law, the president and the majority of the members of the audit committee must be independent.

·     Our audit committee operates pursuant to a written charter adopted by our board of directors. See Item 6 for a detailed description of the duties of our audit committee.

NYSE Corporate Governance Rules for
Domestic Issuers
Our Corporate Governance Practices
·     Pursuant to our bylaws and Mexican law, our audit committee submits an annual report regarding its activities to our board of directors.

NYSE Corporate Governance Rules for Domestic

Issuers

Our Corporate Governance Practices
  
Nominating/corporate governance committee.Nominating/corporate governance committee of independent directors is required. The committee must have a charter specifying the purpose, duties and evaluation procedures of the committee. “Controlled companies,” which would include our company if it were a U.S. issuer, are exempt from these requirements. §303A.04We are not required to have a nominating/corporate governance committee, and it is not expressly recommended by the Mexican Code of Best Corporate Practices.
  
Compensation committee. Compensation committee of independent directors is required, which must approve executive officer compensation. The committee must have a charter specifying the purpose, duties and evaluation procedures of the committee. “Controlled companies,” which would include our company if it were a U.S. issuer, are exempt from this requirement. §303A.05We are not required to have a compensation committee. As recommended by the Mexican Code of Best Corporate Practices, we have an evaluation mechanism for assisting the board of directors in approving executive officer compensation.
  
Equity compensation plans. Equity compensation plans require stockholder approval, subject to limited exemptions. §303A.08Stockholder approval is not expressly required under Mexican law or our bylaws for the adoption and amendment of an equity-compensation plan. However, regulations of the Mexican Banking and Securities Commission require stockholder approval under certain circumstances. We currently do not have any equity-compensation plans in place.
  
Code of Ethics.Corporate governance guidelines and a code of business conduct and ethics is required, with disclosure of any waiver for directors or executive officers. §303A.10We have adopted a code of ethics, which has been accepted by to our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, controller and persons performing similar functions, as well as to other officers and employees. We are required by Item 16B of Form 20-F to disclose any waivers granted to our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, principal accounting officer and persons performing similar functions. We have no such waivers in place.

ITEM 16.H.  Mine Safety Disclosure

Not applicable.

PART III

 

ITEM 17.Financial Statements

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 18.Financial Statements

 

See the Audited Consolidated Audited Financial Statements including notes,Notes, incorporated herein by reference.

 

ITEM 19.Exhibits

 

Index of Exhibits

 

Documents filed as exhibits to this Annual Report:

 

Exhibit
No.
 Description
1.1 An English translation of the Bylaws (estatutos sociales)(estatutos sociales) of Industrias Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. dated June 29, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 on Form 20-F filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2007 (File No. 333-07950)).
2.1 Form of Amended and Restated Deposit Agreement, among Industrias Bachoco, S.A. de C.V., the Depositary and each Owner and Beneficial Owner from time to time of American Depositary Receipts issued thereunder, including the form of American Depositary Receipt (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 on Form F-6 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on August 18, 2006 (File No. 333-07480)).
2.2 Trust Agreement, dated April 1, 1995, among Banco Internacional, S.A., Institucion de Banca Multiple, Grupo Financiero Prime Internacional, as trustee, and the stockholders of the Company named therein, together with an English translation, (incorporated by reference on our registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on August 22, 1997 (File No. 333-7472)).
2.3 Trust Agreement, dated August 20, 1997, among Banco Internacional, S.A., Institucion de Banca Multiple, Grupo Financiero Bital, as trustee, and the stockholders of the Company named therein, together with an English translation, (incorporated by reference on our registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on August 22, 1997 (File No. 333-7472)).
8.1 Subsidiaries of Industrias Bachoco S.A. de C.V.
12.1 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
12.2 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
13.1 Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

SIGNATURE

 

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.

 

 INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B de C.V.
   
 By:/s/Daniel Salazar Ferrer
  Daniel Salazar Ferrer
  Chief Financial Officer

 

Date: April 30, 2012

Consolidated Financial Statements2013

 

INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

At December 31, 2010 and 2011 and for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011

(WithReport of Independent Auditors’ Reports’ Thereon)

(Translation from Spanish Language Original)

Contents
Independent Auditor’s ReportF-2 
Consolidated Statement of Financial PositionF-4 
Consolidated Statements of IncomeF-5 
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' EquityF-6 
Consolidated Statement of Cash FlowsF-7 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial StatementsF-8 

F-1

Independent Auditors’ Report

(Translation from Spanish Language Original)Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

The Board of Directors and Stockholders

Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V.:

C V:

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries (the Company)“Company”) as of January 1, 2011 and December 31, 20102011 and 2011,2012, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity,changes inequity and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2011.2011 and 2012. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) and with auditing standards generally accepted in Mexico.. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries as of January 1, 2011 and December 31, 20102011 and 2011,2012, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2011 and 2012, in conformity with MexicanInternational Financial Reporting Standards.Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

 

(Continued)

As mentioned in note 16 to the consolidated financial statements, on November 1, 2011, the Company acquired 100% percent of the voting stock of OK Industries, Inc. (which(the “Acquired Entity”) which owns five consolidated subsidiaries).subsidiaries. OK Industries, Inc. operates and is located in the United States of America.America (U.S.A.). The results of operationoperations of the acquired subsidiary areAcquired Entity have been included in the Company´s consolidated financial statements from such date. The acquisition of this company originated a gain on bargain purchase of $1,000,565, (thousands of Mexican pesos) which was booked in other income in 2011.

 

As disclosedmentioned in note 37 to the consolidated financial statements, newon March 2, 2012, Bachoco USA, LLC. was incorporated as a subsidiary of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and revised Mexican Financial Reporting Standards were adopted in 2011, with prospective or retrospective application, being specified in each case.

Our audits were made foracquired 100% of the purposeshares of forming an opinion expressedOK Industries. From such date Bachoco USA, LLC. acts as the holding company of OK Industries, Inc. and, therefore, of the operations of the Company in the third paragraph above. The supplementary information related to the translation of the financial position as of December 31, 2011 and the related consolidated statements of income and cash flows for the year then ended from Mexican pesos into United States dollars in accordance with the basis described in note 2(aa) and prepared under the responsibility of the Company´s management, is presented solely for convenience of the reader, and it is not required for the interpretation of the consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, such additional information is fairly stated in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated financial statements.

Mexican Financial Reporting Standards vary in certain significant respects from generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America. Information relating to the nature and effect of such differences is presented in note 23 to the consolidated financial statements.

U.S.A.

 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Industrias Bachoco, S. A. B.S.A.B. de C. V.’sC.V. and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011,2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated April 30, 20122013 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting reporting.

 

KPMG Cardenas Dosal, S.C.

Demetrio Villa Michel

Queretaro, Mexico

April 30, 20122013

 

By:/s/Demetrio Villa Michel
KPMG, Cardenas Dosal, S.C.

F-3

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

January 1, 2011, December 31 20102011 and 20112012

(Thousands of pesos)

 

        (Thousands
of U.S.
dollars)
(note 2aa)
 
  2010  2011  2011 
Assets            
             
Current assets:            
Cash and cash equivalents (note 4) $3,967,874   2,625,661   187,950 
Primary financial instruments (note 13b)  209,348   410,721   29,400 
Accounts receivable:            
Trade, net (note 5)  963,273   1,507,095   107,881 
Value added and other recoverable taxes  473,228   728,057   52,116 
             
Total accounts receivable  1,436,501   2,235,152   159,997 
             
Inventories, net (notes 3 and 7a)  3,211,769   4,592,551   328,744 
Biological current assets (note 7b)  153,993   187,157   13,397 
Derivative financial instruments (note 13a)  12,897   10,208   731 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (notes 3 and 8)  505,114   752,150   53,840 
Assets available for sale  40,222   46,752   3,347 
             
Total currents assets  9,537,718   10,860,352   777,406 
             
Property, plant and equipment, net (notes 3 and 9)  10,544,031   10,440,253   747,334 
Biological non-current assets (note 7b)  750,288   1,029,643   73,704 
Deferred income tax (note 19e)  -   174,141   12,465 
Goodwill, net (note 10)  300,848   300,848   21,535 
Other non-current assets (notes 3 and 11)  64,883   364,637   26,101 
             
Total assets $21,197,768   23,169,874   1,658,545 
  Note  January 1,
2011
  December 31,
2011
  December 31,
2012
 
             
Assets                
                 
Current assets:                
Cash and cash equivalents  9  $3,967,874   2,625,661   4,179,541 
Primary financial instruments  10   209,348   410,721   961,968 
Derivative financial instruments  10   12,897   10,208   2,938 
Accounts receivable, net  11   1,436,501   2,235,152   2,220,638 
Inventories, net  12   3,211,769   4,562,355   5,829,837 
Biological current assets  13   153,993   217,354   266,482 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets  14   505,114   752,150   868,878 
Assets available for sale  15   40,222   95,647   51,507 
Total currents assets      9,537,718   10,909,248   14,381,789 
                 
                 
Non-current assets:                
Property, plant and equipment, net  16   10,544,031   12,112,945   11,949,516 
Biological non-current assets  13   750,288   1,029,642   1,106,120 
Goodwill      3 (e)   300,848   300,848   300,848 
Other non-current assets  17   64,884   364,637   301,911 
Total non-currents assets      11,660,051   13,808,072   13,658,395 
                 
Total assets     $21,197,769   24,717,320   28,040,184 
                 
Liabilities and equity                
                 
Current liabilities:                
Short term debt  18  $-   1,277,750   1,081,496 
Current installments of long-term debt  18   139,867   175,243   115,560 
Trade payable and other accounts payable  19   1,966,014   2,921,441   3,445,245 
Related parties  20   60,873   78,543   88,039 
Total current liabilities      2,166,754   4,452,977   4,730,340 
                 
Long term liabilities:                
Long term debt, excluding current installments  18   507,053   384,370   1,526,602 
Deferred income tax  21   2,016,057   2,400,107   2,597,940 
Employee benefits  22   77,885   100,038   96,613 
Total long term liabilities      2,600,995   2,884,515   4,221,155 
                 
Total liabilities      4,767,749   7,337,492   8,951,495 
                 
Equity:  25             
Capital stock      1,174,432   1,174,432   1,174,432 
Share premium      399,641   399,641   399,641 
Reserve for repurchase of shares      88,690   88,481   99,474 
Translation reserve      -   64,387   (26,916)
Retained earnings      14,737,340   15,614,760   17,405,360 
Equity attributable to owners of the Company      16,400,103   17,341,701   19,051,991 
                 
Non-controlling interest      29,917   38,127   36,698 
Total equity      16,430,020   17,379,828   19,088,689 
                 
Commitments  27             
Contingencies  28             
Subsequent events  32             
                 
Total liabilities and equity     $21,197,769   24,717,320   28,040,184 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

Years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012

(Thousands of pesos, except per share amount)

  Note  2011  2012 
          
Net revenues  20 (b)  $27,734,990   39,367,431 
Cost of sales  20 (b)   24,797,037   33,318,207 
             
Gross profit      2,937,953   6,049,224 
             
General, selling and administrative expenses  20 (b)   2,974,733   3,396,655 
Other income (expenses), net  31   999,965   (23,810)
             
Operating income      963,185   2,628,759 
             
Finance income  30   248,282   270,032 
Finance costs  30   (70,640)  (105,000)
Net finance income      177,642   165,032 
             
Profit before income taxes      1,140,827   2,793,791 
             
Income taxes  21   (38,616)  602,020 
             
Profit for the year     $1,179,443   2,191,771 
             
Comprehensive income:            
Currency translation effect      64,387   (186,095)
             
Comprehensive income for the year     $1,243,830   2,005,676 
             
Profit attributable to:            
Controlling interest     $1,177,346   2,184,567 
Non-controlling interest      2,097   7,204 
             
Profit for the year     $1,179,443   2,191,771 
             
Comprehensive income attributable to:            
Controlling interest     $1,241,733   1,998,472 
Non-controlling interest      2,097   7,204 
             
Comprehensive income for the year     $1,243,830   2,005,676 
             
Weighted average outstanding shares (thousands)      599,822   598,960 
             
Basic and diluted earnings per share  26  $1.96   3.65 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

Years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012

(Thousands of pesos)

    Attributable to owners of the Company       
          Reserve for                
    Capital  Share  repurchase of  Translation  Retained     Non-controlling  Total 
  Note stock  premium  shares  reserve  earnings  Total  interest  equity 
                                   
Balance at January 1, 2011   $1,174,432   399,641   88,690   -   14,737,340   16,400,103   29,917   16,430,020 
                                   
Dividends paid 25 (d)  -   -   -   -   (299,926)  (299,926)  -   (299,926)
Dividends paid to non-controlling interest    -   -   -   -   -   -   (912)  (912)
Repurchase and sale of shares 25 (c)  -   -   (209)  -   -   (209)  -   (209)
Acquired non-controlling interest    -   -   -   -   -   -   7,025   7,025 
                                   
Comprehensive income for the year:                                  
Profit for the year    -   -   -   -   1,177,346   1,177,346   2,097   1,179,443 
Other comprehensive income    -   -   -   64,387   -   64,387   -   64,387 
                                   
Total comprehensive income for the year    -   -   -   64,387   1,177,346   1,241,733   2,097   1,243,830 
                                   
Balance at December 31, 2011    1,174,432   399,641   88,481   64,387   15,614,760   17,341,701   38,127   17,379,828 
                                   
Dividends paid 25 (d)  -   -   -   -   (299,175)  (299,175)  -   (299,175)
Dividends paid to non-controlling interest    -   -   -   -   -   -   (491)  (491)
Repurchase and sale of shares 25 (c)  -   -   10,993   -   -   10,993   -   10,993 
Dispossal of non-controlling interest from disolution    -   -   -   -   -   -   (8,142)  (8,142)
                                   
Comprehensive income for the year:                                  
Profit for the year    -   -   -   -   2,184,567   2,184,567   7,204   2,191,771 
Other comprehensive income    -   -   -   (91,303)  (94,792)  (186,095)  -   (186,095)
                                   
Total comprehensive income for the year    -   -   -   (91,303)  2,089,775   1,998,472   7,204   2,005,676 
                                   
Balance at December 31, 2012   $1,174,432   399,641   99,474   (26,916)  17,405,360   19,051,991   36,698   19,088,689 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012

(Thousands of pesos)

             
Liabilities and stockholders' equity             
             
Current liabilities:            
Short term debt (note 12a) $-   1,277,750   91,464 
Current installments of long-term debt (note 12b)  139,867   175,243   12,544 
Accounts payables  1,572,292   2,326,779   166,556 
Related parties (note 6)  60,873   78,543   5,622 
Other taxes payable and other accruals (note 15)  393,722   594,662   42,567 
             
Total current liabilities  2,166,754   4,452,977   318,753 
             
Long term liabilities:            
Long term debt, excluding current installments (note 12b)  507,053   384,370   27,514 
Deferred income tax (note 19e)  2,029,150   1,921,333   137,533 
Labor obligations (note 17)  126,457   142,088   10,171 
             
Total liabilities  4,829,414   6,900,768   493,971 
             
Stockholders' equity (note 18):            
Controlling interest:            
Capital stock  2,294,927   2,294,927   164,275 
Additional paid-in capital  744,753   744,753   53,311 
Reserve for repurchase of shares  154,288   154,079   11,029 
Retained earnings  11,139,037   12,822,461   917,857 
Net controlling interest income of the year  1,983,350   157,041   11,241 
Cumulative currency translation effect  -   35,636   2,551 
             
Total controlling interest  16,316,355   16,208,897   1,160,264 
             
Non-controlling interest  51,999   60,209   4,310 
             
Total stockholders' equity  16,368,354   16,269,106   1,164,574 
             
Commitments and contingencies (note 14)            
             
Subsequent events (note 22)            
             
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $21,197,768   23,169,874   1,658,545 
  Note  2011  2012 
          
Cash flows from operating activities:            
Profit for the year     $1,179,443   2,191,771 
Adjustments for:            
Income tax recognized in profit or loss  21   (108,202)  235,603 
Bargain purchase on business combinations      (1,047,245)  - 
Depreciation and amortization  16   745,837   837,807 
Loss on sale of plant and equipment      46,671   65,323 
Interest income  30   (193,777)  (222,063)
Interest expense  30   69,744   105,000 
Foreign exchange loss on loans      34,500   (52,687)
             
Cash flows provided by operating activities before changes in working capital and provisions      726,971   3,160,754 
             
Derivative financial instruments      2,689   7,270 
Accounts receivable, net      (435,320)  14,514 
Inventories, net      (387,569)  (1,267,482)
Biological assets current and long term      (342,715)  (125,606)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets      (216,722)  (116,728)
Assets available for sale      (9,075)  44,140 
Trade payable and other accounts payable      443,987   532,030 
Related parties      17,670   9,496 
Employee benefits      22,153   (3,425)
             
Cash flows (used in) provided by operating activities      (177,931)  2,254,963 
             
Cash flows from investing activities:            
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment      (707,533)  (951,760)
Proceeds from sale of plant and equipment      83,946   81,591 
Financial instruments      (201,373)  (551,247)
Other assets      (146,389)  62,726 
Interest collected      193,777   222,063 
Business acquisitions      (1,326,741)  - 
             
Cash flows used in investing activities      (2,104,313)  (1,136,627)
             
Cash flows from financing activities:            
Share premium and reserve for repurchases of shares      (209)  10,993 
Dividends paid      (299,926)  (299,175)
Proceeds from borrowings      1,921,609   3,069,787 
Interest paid      (60,809)  (105,000)
Dividends paid to non-controlling interest      (912)  (491)
Currency translation effect      33,440   (93,397)
Dispossal of non-controlling interest from disolution      -   (8,142)
Principal payment on loans      (774,601)  (2,130,805)
             
Cash flows provided by financing activities      818,592   443,770 
             
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents      (1,463,652)  1,562,106 
             
Cash and cash equivalents at January 1      3,967,874   2,625,661 
             
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash and cash equivalents      121,439   (8,226)
             
Cash and cash equivalents at December 31     $2,625,661   4,179,541 

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

F-4

  

Consolidated Statement of Income

INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B.S. A .B. DE C.V.C. V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Years ended December 31, 2009, 20102011 and 20112012

(Thousands of pesos, except per share amount)

           (Thousands of 
U.S. dollars)
(note 2aa)
 
  2009  2010  2011  2011 
             
Net revenues $23,262,850   24,715,456   27,734,990   1,985,325 
Cost of sales (note 6b)  (19,326,759)  (19,500,677)  (24,773,216)  (1,773,315)
                 
Gross profit  3,936,091   5,214,779   2,961,774   212,010 
Selling, general and administrative expenses (note 6b)  2,522,291   2,751,782   2,951,887   211,303 
                 
Operating income  1,413,800   2,462,997   9,887   707 
                 
Other expense, net (note 20)  (65,189)  (95,315)  (68,921)  (4,934)
                 
Comprehensive financial results:                
Interest income  170,655   165,646   193,777   13,871 
Valuation effects of financial instruments (note 13)  (174,603)  18,850   (896)  (64)
Interest and financial expenses  (91,326)  (73,519)  (69,744)  (4,992)
Net interest income and valuation effects of financial instruments  (95,274)  110,977   123,137   8,815 
Foreign exchange (loss) gain, net  (37,934)  11,082   54,505   3,902 
                 
Comprehensive financial results, net  (133,208)  122,059   177,642   12,717 
                 
Income before income taxes, and non-controlling interest  1,215,403   2,489,741   118,608   8,490 
                 
Income tax  expense (benefit)  (note 19d)  406,358   503,415   (40,530)  (2,901)
                 
Net consolidated income  809,045   1,986,326   159,138   11,391 
                 
Net controlling interest income  797,600   1,983,350   157,041   11,241 
Non-controlling interest income  11,445   2,976   2,097   150 
                 
Consolidated net income $809,045   1,986,326   159,138   11,391 
                 
Weighted average outstanding (shares in thousands)  600,000   600,000   600,000   600,000 
                 
Net income per share $1.35   3.31   0.27   0.02 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-5

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity

INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011

(Thousand of pesos, except per number of shares)

  Number of              Net controlling             
  shares of              interest  Cumulative          
  capital        Reserve for     income  currency  Controlling     Total 
  stock  Capital  Additional  repurchase of  Retained  (loss) of the  translation  stockholders'  Non-controlling  stockholders' 
  (thousands)  stock  paid-in capital  shares  earnings  year  effect  equity  interest  equity 
                               
Balances as of December 31, 2008  600,000  $2,294,927   743,674   159,455   11,720,612   (879,048)  -   14,039,620   39,799   14,079,419 
Transfer of prior year's net loss based on stockholders' meeting held on April 2009  -   -   -   -   (879,048)  879,048   -   -   -   - 
Cash dividends paid (note 18b)  -   -   -   -   (250,045)  -   -   (250,045)  -   (250,045)
Cash dividends paid to non-controlling interest  -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   (1,035)  (1,035)
Repurchase of shares (note 18d)  -   -   1,079   -   -   -   -   1,079   -   1,079 
Comprehensive income, net of taxes (note 2s)  -   -   -   -   -   797,600   -   797,600   11,445   809,045 
                                         
Balances as of December 31, 2009  600,000   2,294,927   744,753   159,455   10,591,519   797,600   -   14,588,254   50,209   14,638,463 
Transfer of prior year's net income based on stockholders' meeting held on April 2010  -   -   -   -   797,600   (797,600)  -   -   -   - 
Cash dividends paid (note 18b)  -   -   -   -   (250,082)  -   -   (250,082)  -   (250,082)
Cash dividends paid to non-controlling interest  -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   (1,186)  (1,186)
Repurchase of shares (note 18d)  -   -   -   (5,167)  -   -   -   (5,167)  -   (5,167)
Comprehensive income, net of taxes (note 2s)  -   -   -   -   -   1,983,350   -   1,983,350   2,976   1,986,326 
                                         
Balances as of December 31, 2010  600,000   2,294,927   744,753   154,288   11,139,037   1,983,350   -   16,316,355   51,999   16,368,354 
Transfer of prior year's net income based on stockholders' meeting held on April 2011  -   -   -   -   1,983,350   (1,983,350)  -   -   -   - 
Cash dividends paid (note 18b)  -   -   -   -   (299,926)  -   -   (299,926)  -   (299,926)
Cash dividends paid to non-controlling interest  -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   (912)  (912)
Repurchase of shares (note 18d)  -   -   -   (209)  -   -   -   (209)  -   (209)
Acquired non-controlling interest (note 1)  -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   7,025   7,025 
Comprehensive income, net of taxes (note 2s)  -   -   -   -   -   157,041   35,636   192,677   2,097   194,774 
                                         
Balances as of December 31, 2011  600,000  $2,294,927   744,753   154,079   12,822,461   157,041   35,636   16,208,897   60,209   16,269,106 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-6

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011

(Thousand of pesos)

           Thousands of 
           U.S. dollars 
           (note 2aa) 
  2009  2010  2011  2011 
Cash flows from operating activities:                
Income before income taxes and non-controlling interest $1,215,403   2,489,741   118,608   8,490 
Items relating to investing activities:                
Depreciation  662,630   692,640   726,061   51,973 
Loss on sale of plant and equipment  88,187   148,572   46,671   3,341 
Interest income  (170,655)  (165,646)  (193,777)  (13,871)
Item relating to financing activities:                
Interest expense  91,326   73,519   69,741   4,992 
Foreign exchange loss on loans  -   -   34,500   2,470 
                 
Subtotal  1,886,891   3,238,826   801,804   57,395 
                 
Derivative financial instruments  (804,134)  (1,625)  2,689   192 
Accounts receivable, net  (11,402)  (59,664)  (192,647)  (13,771)
Recoverable taxes  (22,432)  9,241   (190,277)  (13,620)
Inventories and biological assets  849,213   397,231   (730,284)  (52,275)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets  (568,392)  (349,895)  (216,678)  (15,510)
Trade accounts payable, taxes payable and other accruals  110,092   (125,744)  565,426   40,474 
Income taxes paid  (107,158)  (495,846)  (121,982)  (8,732)
Accounts payable to related parties  17,277   (6,740)  17,670   1,265 
Net periodic cost from termination and retirement benefits  54,391   75,174   50,154   3,590 
Contributions to plan assets for termination and retirement benefits  (20,634)  (26,373)  (16,375)  (1,172)
Payments for termination and retirement benefits  (19,818)  (16,973)  (18,148)  (1,299)
Assets available for sale  (7,220)  (10,231)  (6,530)  (466)
                 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities  1,356,674   2,627,381   (55,178)  (3,929)
                 
Cash flows from investing activities:                
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment  (944,106)  (517,296)  (707,533)  (50,646)
Proceeds from sale of plant and equipment  16,542   42,179   83,946   6,009 
Primary financial instruments  316,162   (57,507)  (201,373)  (14,415)
Increase in other non-current assets  (44,794)  (44,787)  (146,390)  (10,479)
Interest collected  170,655   165,646   193,777   13,871 
Business acquisitions  -   -   (1,326,741)  (94,741)
                 
Net cash used in investing activities  (485,541)  (411,765)  (2,104,314)  (154,560)
                 
Cash to be applied in (obtained from) financing activities  871,133   2,215,616   (2,159,492)  (154,560)
                 
Cash flows from financing activities:                
Additional paid-in capital and reserve for repurchases of shares  1,079   (5,167)  (209)  (15)
Dividends paid  (250,045)  (250,082)  (299,926)  (21,469)
Dividends paid to non-controlling interest  (1,035)  (1,186)  (912)  (65)
Proceeds from loans  1,044,611   778,955   1,921,609   137,552 
Interest paid  (90,192)  (73,519)  (60,809)  (4,353)
Principal payments on loans  (706,668)  (1,095,870)  (774,598)  (55,447)
                 
Net cash  (used in) provided by financing activities  (2,250)  (646,869)  785,155   56,203 
                 
Currency translation effect  -   -   32,124   2,299 
                 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents  868,883   1,568,747   (1,342,213)  (96,078)
                 
Cash and cash equivalents:                
At beginning of year  1,530,244   2,399,127   3,967,874   284,028 
                 
At end of year $2,399,127   3,967,874   2,625,661   187,950 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-7

NOTES to the Financial Statementsamounts)

 

(1)Organization, business activity and significant transactions-Reporting entity

Organization and business activity-

 

Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries (collectively referred to as “Bachoco” or the “Company”the“Company”) a public stock corporation with variable capital was incorporated on February 8,April 17, 1980, and itas a legal entity. The Company’s registered address is Avenida Tecnológico 401, Ciudad Industrial, Celaya, Guanajuato, México.

The Company is engaged in breeding, processing and marketing of poultry (chicken and eggs), swine and other products (principally balanced animal feed). Bachoco is the controllinga holding company ofthat has control over a group of subsidiaries.subsidiaries (see note 7).

 

The shares of Bachocothe Company are listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange (MSE) under the symbol “Bachoco”; and on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), under the symbol “IBA”.

 

(2)Basis of preparation

a)Statement of compliance

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), as issued by the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB), adopted by public entities in Mexico in accordance with the amendments to Rules for Public Companies and other Entities Trading on the Mexican Stock Exchange Market, established by the National Banking and Securities Commission on January 27, 2009 according to which, beginning in 2012 the Company is required to prepare financial statements in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB.

These are the Company’s first consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS, and the IFRS 1,“First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards”, has been applied.

On April 19, 2012 Bachoco´s Finance Director and Controller Director authorized the issuance of the ConsolidatedBachoco issued its last consolidated financial statements prepared under Mexican Financial Reporting Standards (Mexican FRS) financial statements and notes at(“NIF”) as of December 31, 2010 and 2011 and eachfor the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011.

Note 33 contain an explanation of how the transition to IFRS has affected the financial position, financial performance and cash flows reported by the Company.

On April 15, 2013, the accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes were authorized by the Company’s Finance Director, C.P. Daniel Salazar Ferrer and Controller Director C.P. Marco Antonio Esparza Serrano, for the Audit Committee, Board of Directors and Stockholders’ approvals. In accordance with the General Corporations Law and the bylaws of the three years then ended. Company, the stockholders are empowered to modify the consolidated financial statements after issuance.

b)Basis of measurement

The accompanying US GAAP disclosures are presentedconsolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the following material items in note 23. the statement of financial position:

·Financial derivative instruments for trading and hedging purposes attributable to fair value, primary investment securities and equity securities at fair value in gains or losses;

·Non-derivative financial instruments at fair value though profit or loss re measured at fair value.

·Biological assets are measured at fair value less costs to sell;

·The defined benefit plan asset are recognized at fair value;

c)Functional and presentation currency

These consolidated financial statements were authorizedare presented in thousands of Mexican pesos (“pesos” or “$”), national currency of México, which is the Company’s recording and functional currency, except for issuance hereinthe foreign subsidiary that uses the dollar as its recording and functional currency.

For disclosure purposes, in the notes to the financial statements, “thousands of pesos” or “$” means thousands of Mexican pesos, and “thousands of dollars” means thousands of U.S. dollars.

When it is deemed relevant, certain amounts presented in the notes to the financial statements are included between parentheses as a convenience translation into thousands of dollars, into thousands of pesos, or both, as applicable. These translations are provided as informative data and should not be construed that these amounts should be converted into thousands of pesos or thousands of dollars at the indicated rate.

d)Use of estimates and judgments

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets,liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the facts and circumstances that support a change in estimates occur and in any future periods affected.

Information about critical judgments in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements is included in the following notes:

·Note 10 – valuation of financial instruments
·Note 11 – allowance for doubtful accounts
·Note 12 – inventories
·Note 13 – biological assets
·Note 15 – assets available for sale
·Note 16 – useful lives of property, plant and equipment
·Note 21 – deferred income tax assets
·Note 22 – measurement defined labor obligation

The information on assumptions and uncertainty of estimates having a significant risk of a material adjustment within the next year is included in the note below:

·Note 28 – contingencies.
(3)Significant accounting policies

The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to all periods presented in these consolidated financial statements, and have been applied consistently by Bachoco´s Financial Directorthe Company and Controller Director on April 30, 2012 with considerationits subsidiaries in preparing the opening consolidated IFRS statement of subsequent events through thatfinancial position as at January 1, 2011, for the purposes of the transition to IFRS.

(a)Basis of consolidation

i.Business acquisitions

Acquisitions since January 1, 2011

Business acquisitions made since January 1, 2011 are accounted for by the purchase method. For each business acquisition, the non-controlling interest in the acquiree is valued either at fair value or according to the proportionate interest in acquiree’s identifiable net assets.

On a business acquisition, the Company evaluates the financial assets acquired and the financial liabilities assumed for proper classification and designation according to the contractual terms, economic circumstances and relevant conditions at the acquisition date.

 

Significant transactions-Goodwill is originally valued at cost, and represents any excess of the transferred consideration over the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed. When the goodwill is negative, a bargain purchase gain is recognized immediately in profit or loss.

Transaction costs, other than those associated with the issue of debt or equity securities, that the Company incurs related to a business combination are expensed as incurred.

Any contingent consideration payable is measured at fair value at the acquisition date. If the contingent consideration is classified as equity, then it is not remeasured and settlement is accounted for within equity. Otherwise, subsequent changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration are recognized in profit or loss.

Acquisitions prior to January 1, 2011

 

As part of its transition to IFRS,the Company elected not to restate those business combinations that occurred prior to January 1, 2011. Goodwill in respectofacquisitions prior to this date represents the amount recognized under the accounting criteria previously followed by the Company.

ii.Subsidiaries

Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Company. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases (see note 7).

iii.Transactions eliminated in consolidation

Intra-group balances and transactions, and any unrealized gain and loss arising from intra-group transactions, are eliminated in preparing the consolidated financial statements.

b)Foreign currency

i.Foreign currency transactions

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to the respective functional currencies of the Company at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the reporting date are retranslated to the functional currency at the exchange rate at that date. The foreign currency gain or loss on monetary items is the difference between amortized cost in the functional currency at the beginning of the period, adjusted for effective interest and payments during the period, and the amortized cost in foreign currency translated at the exchange rate at the end of the reporting period.

Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are measured at fair value are retranslated to the functional currency at the exchange rate at the date that the fair value was determined. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

Foreign currency differences arising in retranslation are recognized in profit or loss.

ii.Foreign operations

The assets and liabilities of foreign operations, including goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on acquisition, are translated to pesos at exchange rates at the reporting date. The income and expenses of foreign operations are translated to pesos at the average exchange rate of the period of the transactions.

Foreign currency differences are recognized in other comprehensive income, and presented in the foreign currency translation reserve in equity.

Foreign exchange gains or losses arising from an item received from or payable to a foreign operation, whose settlement is neither planned nor likely in the foreseeable future, are considered part of a net investment in a foreign operation and are recognized under “other comprehensive income” account, and presented within equity in the foreign currency translation reserve. At 1 January 2011, as well as at 31 December 2011 and 2012 the Company does not have such operations.

c)Financial instruments

i.Non-derivative financial assets

Non-derivative financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, trade receivable and other receivables.

The Company initially recognizes accounts receivables and cash equivalents on the date that they are originated. All other financial assets (including assets designated as at fair value through profit or loss) are recognized initially on the trade date, which is the date that the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred.

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the statement of financial position when, and only when, the Company has a legal right to offset the amounts and intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

The Company has the following non-derivative financial assets: financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, held-to-maturity financial assets, cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

A financial asset is classified as at fair value through profit or loss if it is classified as held-for-trading or is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial assets are designated as at fair value through profit or loss if the Company manages such investments and makes purchase and sale decisions based on their fair value in accordance with the Company´s documented risk management or investment strategy. Upon initial recognition, attributable transaction costs are recognized in profit or loss as incurred. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are measured at fair value, and changes therein are recognized in profit or loss.

Held-to-maturity financial assets

If the Company has the intention and ability to hold debt instruments to maturity quoted on an active market, then such financial assets are classified as held-to-maturity. Held-to-maturity financial assets are originally recognized at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequently to initial recognition, held-to-maturity financial assets are measured at their amortized cost by using the effective interest method, less any impairment losses. Any sale or reclassification of a more than insignificant amount of held-to-maturity investments would result in the reclassification of all held-to-maturity investments as available-for-sale, and prevent the Company from classifying investment securities as held-to-maturity for the current and the following two years.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances and call deposits with maturities of three months or less from the acquisition date that are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in their fair value, and are used by the Company in the management of its short-term commitments.

Receivables

Receivables are financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Such assets are recognised initially at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, receivables are measured at amortized cost. Receivables comprise trade and other receivables.

ii.Non-derivative financial liabilities

All financial liabilities are recognised initially on the trade date, which is the date that the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

The Company derecognizes a financial liability when its contractual obligations are satisfied, cancelled or expire.

The Company has the following non-derivative financial liabilities: debt, senior bond issuance, trade and other payables.

The aforementioned financial liabilities are originally recognized at fair value, plus cost directly attributable to the transaction. Subsequently, these financial liabilities are measured at amortized cost during its term.

iii.Derivative financial instruments

Derivative financial instruments for fair value hedging or for trading purposes are initially recognized at fair value; any attributable transaction costs are recognized in profit or loss as incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, the derivative financial instruments are measured at fair value, and changes in fair value are immediately recognized in profit or loss.

The fair value of derivative financial instruments that are traded in recognized financial markets is based on quotes issued by these markets; when a derivative financial instrument is traded “Over the Counter” market, the fair value is determined based on internal models and market inputs accepted in the financial environment.

The Company analyzes if the embedded derivatives exist that should be segregated from the host contract and accounted for separately if the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract and the embedded derivative are not closely related. A separate instrument with the same terms as those of the embedded derivative meet the definition of a derivative, and the combined instrument is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Changes in fair value of the separable embedded derivatives are immediately recognized in profit or loss.At January 1, 2011, December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Company has not recognized embedded derivatives.

The Company has derivative instruments for accounting fair value hedging for its exposure to commodity price risks resulting from its operating activities. Derivative instruments not meeting the requirements for hedge accounting treatment are accounted for as derivative trading instruments.

On initial designation of the derivative as a hedging instrument, the Company formally documents the relationship between the hedging instrument and hedged item, including the risk management objectives and strategy in undertaking the hedge transaction and the hedged risk, together with the methods that will be used to assess the effectiveness of the hedging relationship. The Company makes an assessment, both at the inception of the hedge relationship as well as on an ongoing basis, of whether the hedging instruments are expected to be highly effective in offsetting the changes in the fair value of the respective hedged items during the period for which the hedge is designated and whether the actual results of each hedge are within a range of 80 – 125 percent.

Derivatives are recognized initially at fair value; any attributable transaction costs are recognized in profit or loss as incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives are measured at fair value, and changes therein are accounted for as follows:

Fair value hedging

When a derivative is designated as a fair value hedging instrument, the fluctuations of both the derivative and the primary position for the hedged risk(s) are measured at fair value and recognized in profit or loss.

If the hedging instrument no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, or the designation is revoked, then hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively.

iv.Capital stock

Ordinary shares

Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of ordinary shares are recognized as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects.

Stock repurchase

When share capital recognized as equity is repurchased, the amount of the consideration paid, which includes directly attributable costs, net of any tax effects, is recognized as a deduction from equity. Repurchased shares are classified as treasury shares and are presented in the reserve for own shares. When treasury shares are sold or reissued subsequently, the amount received as well as the resulting surplus or deficit on the transaction is recognized in equity.

d)Property, plant and equipment

i.Recognition and measurement

Property, plant and equipment, except for land, are measured at the acquisition cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. As of the transition date to IFRS, the Company elected the “Deemed Cost” option, thus recognizing the values of property, plant and equipment as determined under Mexican Financial Reporting Standards as of the transition date (see note 33).

The acquisition cost includes the purchase price, as well as any cost directly attributable to the asset acquisition, and all costs directly attributable to bringing the assets to a working condition for their intended use.

When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

A component of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognized is retired at the time of disposal or when economic benefits from use or disposal are not expected to be realized in the future. Gains or losses on the sale of a property, plant and equipment item are determined by comparing the proceeds from the sale with the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment, and are recognized net under “other income” in profit or loss for the year.

ii.Subsequent costs

The replacement cost of a property, plant and equipment item is capitalized if the future economic benefits associated with the cost will flow to the Company and the related cost may be reliably determined. The carrying amount of the replaced item is written off from the accounting records. Maintenance and repairs expenses related to property, plant and equipment are expensed as incurred.

iii.Depreciation

Depreciation is computed on the amount subject to depreciation, which is the asset cost, or other amount substituting the cost. The depreciable amount normally does not reduce residual values as they are not representative considering the industry in which the entity operates.

Depreciation is computed by the straight-line method based on the estimated useful life of the assets and recognized in profit or loss beginning in the month following that in which they are available for use. Land is not depreciated.

The estimated useful lives for the current and comparative years of significant items of property, plant and equipment are as follows:

·Buildings20 - 40 years
·Machinery and equipment7 - 15 years
·Transportation equipment6 years
·Computer equipment3 years
·Furniture3 years

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted if appropriate.

e)Goodwill

Goodwill arises on the acquisition of the entities over which control is obtained. Negative goodwill arises in the business combination at bargain purchase is recognized immediately in profit or loss.

Goodwill is measured at cost less cumulative impairment losses and is subject to annual tests for impairment.

f)Biological assets

Biological assets are measured at fair value less costs to sell, with any change therein recognized in profit or loss. Costs to sell include all costs that would be necessary to sell the assets.

The Company’s biological assets consist of hens in production, laying and breeder hens incubatable eggs, and breeder pigs.

When the fair value cannot be reliably, verifiably and objectively determined, the assets are valued at production cost less accumulated depreciation and any cumulative impairment loss.

Cumulative impairment loss in productivity of poultry and breeder pigs is estimated based on the future life expected and determined on a straight-line basis.

The agricultural products obtained from biological assets are live chicken, processed chicken, commercial eggs and pigs available for sale, which are recognized as inventories in the statement of financial position.

The Company is exposed to financial risks related to changes in chicken price. The Company does not contemplate a significant drop in chicken price in the future; therefore, it has not entered into any financial derivative or contract for managing the risk related to a decrease in chicken price.

The Company reviews the chicken prices frequently so as to evaluate the need for having a financial instrument to manage the risk.

The biological assets were classified in current and non-current assets, based on their availability and business cycle.

g)Leased assets

Operating leases of the Company as of December 31, 2011 and 2012, are not recognized in the Company’s statement of financial position. The rentals paid by the Company for the operating leases are recognized in profit or loss for the year by the straight-line method over the lease term, even though the payments are not made on the same basis.

h)Inventories

Inventories are measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The cost of inventories is based on the average costs, and includes expenditure incurred in acquiring the inventories, production or conversion costs, and other costs incurred in bringing them to their existing location and condition.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

Cost of sales represents cost of inventories at the time of sale, plus, if applicable, by reductions in the net realizable value of inventories during the year.

The Company records the necessary allowances to recognize declines in the value of their inventories impairment, obsolescence, slow movement and other factors that may indicate that the use or performance of the items that are part of inventory may be lower than the carrying value.

i)Impairment

i.Financial assets

A financial asset that is not recorded at fair value through profit or loss is assessed at each reporting date to determine whether there is objective evidence that it is impaired. A financial asset is impaired if there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the asset, and that loss event(s) had an impact on the estimated future cash flows of that asset that can be estimated reliably.

Objective evidence that financial assets are impaired includes default or delinquency by a debtor, restructuring of an amount due to the Company on terms that the Company would not consider otherwise, indications that a debtor or issuer will enter bankruptcy, adverse changes in the payment status of borrowers or issuers, economic conditions that correlate with defaults or the disappearance of an active market for a security. In addition, for an investment in an equity security, a significant or prolonged decline in its fair value below its cost is objective evidence of impairment.

The Company considers evidence of impairment for financial assets measured at amortized cost (accounts receivables and held-to-maturity investment securities) at both a specific asset and collective level. All individually significant receivables and held-to-maturity investment securities are assessed for specific impairment. All individually significant receivables and held-to-maturity investment securities found not to be specifically impaired are then collectively assessed for any impairment that has been incurred but not yet identified. Assets that are not individually significant are collectively assessed for impairment by grouping together assets with similar risk characteristics.

In assessing collective impairment the Company uses historical trends of the probability of default, timing of recoveries and the amount of loss incurred, adjusted for management’s judgment as to whether current economic and credit conditions are such that the actual losses are likely to be greater or less than suggested by historical trends.

An impairment loss in respect of a financial asset measured at amortised cost is calculated as the difference between its carrying amount of the asset, and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the effective interest rate. Losses are recognised in profit or loss and reflected in an allowance account against receivables or held-to-maturity investment securities. Interest on the impaired asset continues being recognized. When a subsequent event causes the amount of impairment loss to decrease, the decrease in impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss.

ii.Non-financial assets

The carrying amounts of the Company´s non-financial assets, other than inventories, biological assets and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested annually for impairment on the same dates.

The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit (CGU) is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or CGU. For impairment testing, assets that cannot be tested on an individual basis are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are independent of the cash inflows of other assets CGU. For the purpose of impairment testing of the goodwill, CGU to which goodwill has been allocated are aggregated so that the level at which impairment testing is performed reflects the lowest level at which goodwill is monitored for internal reporting purposes. Goodwill acquired in a business combination is allocated to groups of CGU that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination.

In regards to goodwill, the Company identifies the CGU related to balanced animal feed plants, chicken processing plants and some chicken farms for the Peninsula and Itsmo divisions in which such Goodwill was generated.

Impairment losses are recognized in profit or loss. Impairment losses recognized in respect of CGU are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU (group of CGUs), and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the CGU (group of CGUs) on a pro rata basis.

An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. For other assets, an impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized.

j)Available-for-sale assets

Assets available for sale mainly consist of foreclosed assets as well as an aircraft included with the acquisition of OK Industries, Inc. (note 6a). Management sold this aircraft in 2012.

Immediately before classification as available-for-sale, the assets are remeasured according to the Company’s accounting policies. Subsequently, available-for-sale assets are generally recorded at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less cost to sale the assets. Impairment losses on initial classification of available-for-sale assets and subsequent revaluation gains or losses are recognized in profit or loss. Gains exceeding any cumulative impairment loss are not recognized.

k)Other assets

Other long-term assets primarily include prepayments for the purchase of property, plant and equipment, investments in insurance policies and investment in an associate company.

At December 31, 2011 y 2012, Bachoco USA (foreign subsidiary) holds a minority investment in Southern Hens, Inc. The Company does not exercise significant influence over the entity and therefore the investment is recorded at original cost which is similar to fair value at the acquisition date (see note 17).

Bachoco USA, (foreign subsidiary) owns life insurance policies of some of the previous shareholders. The Company records these policies to net cash surrender (see note 17).

l)Employee benefits

Benefit plan in Mexican operation

Bachoco has a retirement plan in which non-union workers in México participate. Pension benefits are determined based on the salary of workers in their final three years of service, the number of years worked in the Company and their age at retirement. This plan includes:

i Defined contribution plan 

A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions into a separate entity and has no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. Obligations for contributions to defined contribution plans are recognized as an employee benefit expense in profit or loss in the periods during which related services are rendered by employees. Prepaid contributions are recognised as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in future payments is available. Contributions to a defined contribution plan that are due more than 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the service are discounted to their present value.

ii Defined benefit plan

A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. It is funded only by contributions made by the Company and is intended to satisfy the Company’s labor obligations to employees.

The Company´s net obligation in respect of defined benefit plans is calculated separately for each plan by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods. That benefit is discounted to determine its present value. Any unrecognized past service costs and the fair value of any plan assets are deducted. The discount rate is the yield at the reporting date on investment grade bondsthat have maturity dates approximating the terms of the Company´s and that are denominated in the currency in which the benefits are expected to be paid.

The calculation is performed annually by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method. When the calculation results in a benefit to the Group, the recognized asset is limited to the net total of any unrecognized past service costs and the present value of economic benefits available in the form of any future refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan. In order to calculate the present value of economic benefits, consideration is given to any minimum funding requirements that apply to any plan in the Company. An economic benefit is available to the Company if it is realizable during the life of the plan, or on settlement of the plan liabilities.

When the benefits of a plan are improved, the portion of the increased benefit related to past service by employees is recognized in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the average period until the benefits become vested. To the extent that the benefits vest immediately, the expense is recognized immediately in profit or loss.

The Company recognizes the surplus that is outside the 10% margin of the actuarial gains and losses arising from defined benefit plans in the previous reporting date divided by the expected average life of the employees participating in the plan.

iii Short-term benefits

Short-term employee benefits are valued on a non-discounted basis and are recognized in profit or loss as respective services are rendered.

A liability is recognized for the amount expected to be payable under the short-term cash bonus plans or profit sharing, if the Company has a legal or constructive obligation to pay such amounts as a result of prior services rendered by the employee, and the obligation may be reliably estimated.

iv Termination benefits from constructive obligation

The Company recognized as a defined benefit plan, a constructive obligation from practices typically done. This constructive obligation is associated with the period of time that an employee rendered services to the Company. Payment of this benefit is made in one installment at the time that the employee voluntarily stops working for the Company.

Benefit plan in the foreign operation

Bachoco USA (foreign subsidiary) maintains a 401(k) defined contribution retirement plan covering all employees meeting certain eligibility requirements. The Company contributes to the plan at the rate of 50% of employee’s contributions up to a maximum of 2% of the individual employee’s compensation.

m)Provisions

A provision is recognized if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation.

When the effect of time value of money is significant, the amount of the provision is the present value of the expected disbursements necessary to settle the obligation. The discount rate applied is determined before taxes, and reflects the market conditions at the statement of financial position date, and takes into account the specific risk of the relevant liability, if any. In these cases, the increase in the provision is recognized as a finance cost.

n)Revenue

Revenue from the sale of goods in the course of ordinary activities is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns, trade discounts and volume rebates. Revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence exists, usually in the form of an executed sales agreement, that the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the customer, recovery of the consideration relating to the transaction is probable, the associated costs and possible return of goods can be estimated reliably, there is no continuing management involvement with the goods, and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably. If it is probable that discounts will be granted and the amount can be measured reliably, then the discount is recognized as a reduction of revenue.

The Company’s products are sold to a large number of customers, with no significant concentration with any specific customer.

o)Finance income and costs

Finance income comprises interest income on funds invested, fair value changes on financial assets at fair value through profit or loss and foreign currency gains. Interest income is recognized at amortized cost in profit or loss, using the effective interest method. Dividend income is recognized in profit or loss on the date that the Company´s right to receive payment is established.

Finance costs comprise interest expense on borrowings, foreign currency losses, fair value changes on financial assets at fair value through profit or loss. Borrowing costs that are not directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are recognized in profit or loss using the effective interest method.

Foreign currency gains and losses are reported on a net basis.

p)Income taxes

Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current tax and deferred tax is recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination, or items recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

Current tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the fiscal year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted in each jurisdiction at the of the statement of financial position. Any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. Current tax payable also includes any tax liability arising from the declaration of dividends.

Deferred tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is not recognized for:

·the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss;

·differences related to investments in subsidiaries to the extent that it is probable that the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal, and the reversion is not expected to take place in the foreseeable future.

·taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill.

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they reverse, based on the legislations enacted or substantively enacted at the date of the statement of financial position.

In determining the amount of current and deferred tax, the Company takes into account the impact of uncertain tax positions and whether additional taxes and interest may be due. The Company believes that its accruals for the tax liabilities are adequate for all open tax years based on its assessment of many factors, including the interpretation of tax law and prior experience. This assessment relies on estimates and assumptions and may involve a series of judgments about future events. New information may become available that causes the Company to change its judgment regarding the adequacy of existing tax liabilities; such changes to tax liabilities will impact tax expense in the period that such a determination is made.

A deferred tax asset is recognized for unused tax losses, tax credits and deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be utilized. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each date of statement of financial position and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized.

q)Earnings per share

The Company presents information on the basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) for their ordinary shares. The basic EPS is computed by dividing the profit or loss attributable to the holders of the Company’s common shares by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period, adjusted for the own shares held. The diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to the holders of the ordinary shares and the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, adjusted by the own shares held, for the effects of potential dilution of all ordinary shares, including the convertible instruments and options on share granted to employees. At December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Company has no dilutive potential ordinary shares.

r)Segment information

An operating segment is a component of the company that is engaged in business activities from which revenues and expenses may be obtained and incurred, respectively, including revenues and expenses related to transactions with other components of the Company. The transactions between segments are determined on an arm’s-length basis.

The financial information by segments is prepared based on the management approach, as a segment represents the operating components of a company that are subject to risks and benefits and are different from other business segments. As a result of the acquisition of OK Industries, company located in the United States (see note 6a), beginning in 2011, geographical operating segments are also taken into consideration.

(4)New standards and interpretations not yet adopted

The following new Standards, modifications to Standards and Interpretations that are not in force as of December 31, 2012, have not been applied in preparing these consolidated financial statements.

·IFRS 9Financial Instruments will come into force for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2015; early adoption is permitted. The new Standard will be issued in various stages, and is intended to supersede IAS 39Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. The Company acknowledges that such adoption will affect the classification and measurement of financial instruments. The magnitude of the effect of adoption of this IFRS has not been determined. The Company acknowledges that the new standard introduces many changes to the accounting treatment of financial instruments, and is likely to have a significant effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The effect of such changes will be analyzed in the course of the project as additional stages of the standard are issued.

·In May 2011, the IASB issued the IFRS 10Consolidated Financial Standards,IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements, IFRS 12Disclosure of interest in other entities,and NIIF13 Fair Value Measurement.All of these standards are effective beginning on January 1, 2013, early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect a significant impact on the application of these standards.

·On June 16, 2011, the IASB issued modifications to IAS 19Employee Benefits. The amendments improve the recognition and the requirements for dissemination of defined benefit plans. The new requirements are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013; early application is permitted. Among other changes, the amendments require a) the use of a single rate for determining the expected return on plan assets and the present value of the benefit liability discount (in overall "net finance costs"), b) the recognition of net finance cost overnet pension liability(liabilities minusplan assets), rather thana finance costover the liabilities and an expected return on assets separately; and c)the recognition ofactuarialgains or lossesfor the periodwithin comprehensive income or loss. The option ofpostponing the gains and losses, known as the "corridor method", is eliminated. Company does not anticipate that the impact will be material.
·In December 2011, the IASB modified IFRS 32, to incorporate compensation disclosures regarding assets and liabilities in the statement of financial position. The modified standard requires entities to disclose both amounts gross and offset, on eligible instruments and transactions to offset in the statement of financial position, as well as instruments and transactions subject to a offsetting agreement. The scope includes derivative instruments, purchase and sale agreements and purchase, sale and leaseback agreements and securities lending agreements. The amendments to IFRS 32 are effective from January 1, 2014 and retrospective application is required. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting modified IFRS 32, however, the Company does not expect that the adoption of this modified IFRS will result a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.

(5)Financial risk management

The Company is exposed to the following risks related to the use of financial instruments to which risk management is applied:

·credit risk
·liquidity risk
·market risk

This note presents information on the Company’s exposure to each of the aforementioned risks, and the Company’s objectives, policies and procedures for risk measurement and management. Further quantitative disclosures are included in various sections of these consolidated financial statements.

Risk management framework

The risk philosophy adopted by the Company seeks to minimize the risk and, therefore, to enhance its business stability, by opting for a sound relationship between the levels of risk assumed and its operating capabilities, for ensuring a better decision-making that will enable an optimal combination of products and assets leading to a risk-return ratio more in line with the stockholders’ risk profile.

Risk will mean the level of uncertainty associated with the Company’s future losses.

Risk Management will mean the “Set of objectives, policies, procedures and actions implemented to identify, measure, monitor, limit, control, report and disclose the various types of risks to which the entity is exposed”.

General Objectives

·Promoting the development and application of a Risk Management culture, establishing guidelines that will ensure the efficient application of relevant Risk Management policies and procedures.

·Having sound Risk Management practices in place, consistent with relevant criteria and international recommendations.

·Implementing an efficient Risk Management that will allow performing the entity’s activities and ensuring levels of risk exposure consistent with the operating capability.

Organizational structure

In order to create a clear and optimum Risk Management, the Company established the Risk Committee, which is the specialized body in terms of managing risks. At the Committee, objectives, policies, procedures, methodologies and strategies as well as maximum risk exposure limits and contingency plans are defined, proposed, approved and implemented.

Management by type of risk.

a)Credit risk

Credit risk is defined as the potential loss of an accounts receivable portfolio due to lack of payment by a debtor or for the nonperformance of a counterparty with which transactions with derivative or primary instruments are conducted.

The Credit Risk Management process begins with the execution of transactions with derivative and primary instruments, which are plainly exposed to a market risk but also to a counterparty risk.

Measurement and monitoring of counterparty risks

Currently, in terms of derivative and primary instruments, the Company has decided to measure and monitor its counterparty risk by calculating and identifying the Counterparty Valuation Adjustment (CVA).

Measurement and monitoring of accounts receivable

There is a policy whereby an allowance for doubtful accounts is established for balances of accounts which are likely not to be recovered. For defining the required reserve, the entity considers historical losses in evaluating the current market conditions as well as the financial condition of customers, accounts receivable in dispute, price differences, the aging of the portfolio and present payment patterns.

Risk reporting structure

This part of the report considers the change in the market value of the portfolio of derivative and primary instruments after the credit risk factor (CVA) has been applied to valuations.

The ratings of counterparties with which the entity has contracted derivatives are circumscribed.

CVA (Counterparty Valuation Adjustment)

In the case of investments in primary financial instruments in local currency, the valuation models for financial instruments used by price vendors are validated annually by the National Banking and Securities Commission (CNBV) and incorporate market movements and the credit quality of the issuers; therefore, it is implicitly included in the determination of the fair value of the transaction’s CVA. For this reason, the position in primary financial instruments includes the CVA and no other related study and/or adjustment will be performed. Price Vendor’s provided securities pricing, are released atmid prices.

Financial instruments denominated in foreign currencies and not listed in Mexico are valued with the prices included in the broker statements of accounts, which are taken from Bloomberg, the world’s largest price vendor. Furthermore, the entity validates such market prices in Bloomberg. Market prices included in Bloomberg incorporate market movements and the credit quality of issuers; therefore, it is implicitly included in the determination of the fair value of the transaction’s CVA. For this reason, the position in primary financial instruments includes the CVA and no other related study and/or adjustment will be performed. Price Vendor’s provided securities pricing, are released atmid prices.

In case of derivative financial instruments traded in “Over the Counter” markets, the CVA is calculated in Bloomberg. For accounting purposes, the CVA is part of the fair value of derivative financial instruments.

Trade and other accounts receivable

The assessment of accounts receivable impairment is made on a collective basis because there are no accounts with significant balances individually and due to their short term. The Company’s products are traded among a large number of customers without significant concentration with any of them. Among objective evidence of an impaired accounts receivable portfolio we may include the Company’s past experience as to collections, increase in the number of overdue payments that exceed the average credit period as well as observable changes in the national and local economic conditions that correlate with default on payments.

The Risk Management Committee has implemented a credit policy whereby each new customer is analyzed individually as to creditworthiness prior to extending it the payment terms and conditions. The Company’s review includes internal and external assessments and, in certain instances, bank references and looking up assets in the Public Registry. Purchase limits are set for each customer, which represent the maximum outstanding amount. Customers who fail to meet the Company’s credit references may only engage in cash or advance payment transaction with the Company.

The allowance for doubtful accounts includes impaired trade accounts receivable, which at December 31, 2011 and 2012 amounted to $38,537 and $46,681, respectively. Such allowance is determined based on the historical experience of accounts receivable, guarantees obtained, etc.

i.Guarantees on loans granted

The Company receives guarantees on loans granted, which consist of personal and real property such as plots of land, buildings, houses, transportation units, letters of credit and cash deposits. At December 31, 2011 and 2012, the fair value of guarantees, at appraisal value at the time of granting the loan amounted to $484,771 and $517,269, respectively.

ii.Fair value

The fair value and amortized cost of trade accounts receivable is the same since those are short term nature, with no significant financial component.

Investments

The Company limits its exposure to credit risk by investing only in liquid securities and with counterparties with a credit rating of at least A1 and A granted by Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s, respectively. Management continuously monitors credit ratings and since the Company has only invested in highly rated securities, management does not anticipate any counterparty default, except as disclosed in note 10.

Eventually, the debt and equity investments with the credit rating lower than those mentioned in the previous paragraph, are authorized by the Risk Committee and the Board of Directors.

Guarantees

It is the Company’s policy to grant financial guarantees only to wholly-owned subsidiaries.

b)Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is defined as the potential loss due to the inability to renew liabilities or contract others in normal conditions, from the advance or compulsory sale of assets or unusual discounts in meeting its obligations, or, for the fact that a position may not be timely sold, acquired or covered by establishing an equivalent opposite position.

The Liquidity Risk Management process considers asset and liability management (ALM).

Its objective is:

·Anticipating funding difficulties due to extreme events.

Follow-up

Liquidity risks associated with ALM are measured, monitored and reported and authorization, application and operation limits are set as well as contingent action in case of liquidity requirements.

Liquidity risk due to differences between current cash flows and cash flows projected at various dates are measured and monitored, considering the totality of the entity’s asset and liability positions denominated in domestic and foreign currencies. Furthermore, the Company’s funding diversification and sources are evaluated.

The Company quantifies the potential loss due to the advanced or forced sale of assets at unusual discounts to timely face its obligations as well as for the fact that a position may not be timely sold, acquired or covered by establishing an equivalent opposite position.

This part of the report is deemed in the analysis of liquidity gaps, scenarios on insufficient liquidity and use of alternative sources of financing.

c)Market risk

Market risk is defined as: “The potential loss of a portfolio of derivative instruments and primary instruments for trading (speculation) purposes, due to changes in risk factors that impinge on the valuation of long or short positions. In this regard, uncertainty is detected if future losses resulting from changes in market conditions (interest rates, exchange rates, price of commodities, etc.) that have a direct impact on price changes both of assets and liabilities.

The Company measures, monitors and reports all financial instruments subject to market risks, using to such end the sensitivity measurement models for measuring potential losses associated to changes in risk variables, in accordance with the various interest and exchange rate scenarios over a period of time.

Follow up

Sensitivities are reported at least monthly. These values are compared to the limits and any excesses are immediately reported as stipulated in the Risk Manual.

Stress testing

Stress tests are performed on a quarterly or more regular basis, based on the following assumptions. To this end, the value of portfolios is calculated considering the changes in risk factors observed in historical financial stress dates, including, among others:

·Changes in the exchange rates, interest rates, commodities prices; scenarios:+5%, -5%, +25%, -25%, +50%, -50%

·2008 (+25% in the MXN/USD exchange rate)

i)Exchange Risk

The Company is exposed to an exchange risk on sales, purchases and borrowings denominated in a currency other than its functional currency, which is the peso. The foreign currency in which such transaction is denominated is primarily the US dollar.

The Company protects by derivative instruments for hedging a percentage of its estimated exposure to variance in exchange rate in regards to the projected sales and purchases during the year and months, as required. Maturities of all the aforementioned instruments as hedges for its exchange risks are less than one year from the date of contracting. At December 31, 2012 the Company have not financial derivates instruments about tax rate (see note 10d).

The Company is exposed to exchange rate risk (Peso/USD denominated instruments) within the assets and liabilities as: primary instruments (investments), financial liabilities and commodity derivatives that are denominated in a other currency than its functional currency. In this regard the Company does not perform sensitivity analysis in order to measure the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in the asset an liabilities described. 

ii)Interest rate risk

The Company is exposed to interest rate risk in the assets and liabilities as: primary instruments (with floating rates), financial liabilities (loans and debt issuance) and interest rate derivatives (e.g Interest Rate Swaps (IRS)). The Company performs a sensitivity analysis to measure the effect of changes in interest rates in derivative instruments as of December 31, 2012, while for the other instruments described, no sensitivity analysis is performed. The Company’s Risk Policy does not restrict exposure to different interest rates, neither establishes limits for fixed or floating rates.

d)Quantitative measurements of sensitivity

Main quantitative sensitivities of the current derivative financial instruments at December 31, 2012 related to commodities prices and rates, as well as the impact of different scenarios based on the established limits, are as follows:

Sensitivity report of Financial Derivative Instruments (FDI´s) to different market scenarios

     Commodities     Effect  Limit  Effect  Limit 
Scenarios Rates  Mex  USA  Total  %  Prev.  Max  %  Prev.  Max. 
                               
-50% $(1,040)  (19,532)  (71,377)  (91,949)  -2.9%  -2.5%  -5.0%  -2.0%  -1.25%  2.50%
-25%  (444)  (10,572)  (35,917)  (46,934)  -1.5%  -2.5%  -5.0%  -1.0%  -1.25%  -2.50%
-5%  32   (3,404)  (7,549)  (10,922)  -0.3%  -2.5%  -5.0%  -0.2%  -1.25%  -2.50%
0.00%  151   (1,612)  (457)  (1,919)  -0.1%  -2.5%  -5.0%  0.0%  -1.25%  -2.50%
5%  270   180   6,634   7,084   0.2%  -2.5%  -5.0%  0.2%  -1.25%  -2.50%
25%  746   7,348   35,002   43,096   1.4%  -2.5%  -5.0%  0.9%  -1.25%  -2.50%
50%  1,342   16,308   70,462   88,112   2.8%  -2.5%  -5.0%  1.9%  -1.25%  -2.50%

For FX ($12.87), Rate (TIIE 28 days 4.8475%) and commodities (corn and soybean meal), the effect of the current position is a loss of $1,919, mainly originated by losses on commodity programs in Mex of $1,612. The exposure of current positions is below of the preventive and maximum limits approved by the and Risk Committee.

In market stress scenarios where all hedging programs managed by the Company would be affected by a decline of 50% and 25%, the effect of total exposure would be a loss of $91,949 and $46,934, respectively.

Such amounts represent a negative effect of 2.9% and 1.5% respectively, compared to EBITDA of the last 12 months. On the other hand, the total amount of cash would have a negative impact on EBITDA of 2.0% and 1.0%, respectively.

Consumption report of risk market limits

      Commodities    
Scenario  Rates  Mexico  USA  Total 
              
 -50.00% $(1,040)  (19,532)  (71,377)  (91,949)
 -25.00%  (444)  (10,572)  (35,917)  (46,933)
 -5.00%  32   (3,404)  (7,549)  (10,921)
 0.00%  151   (1,612)  (457)  (1,918)
 5.00%  270   180   6,634   7,084 
 25.00%  746   7,348   35,002   43,096 
 50.00%  1,342   16,308   70,462   88,112 

        Commodities    
Current market levels FX  Rates  Mexico  USA  Total 
                
Preventive limit $(25,740)  (3,000)  (25,740)  (25,740)  (80,220)
Consumption  0%  -5%  6%  2%  2%
Maximum limit  (64,350)  (10,000)  (64,350)  (64,350)  203,050 
Consumption $0%  -2%  3%  1%  1%

        Commodities    
Current stress levels
(-25%)
 FX  Rates  Mexico  USA  Total 
                
Preventive limit  (25,740) $(3,000)  (25,740)  (25,740)  (80,220)
Consumption  0%  15%  41%  140%  59%
Maximum limit  (64,350) $(10,000)  (64,350)  (64,350)  (203,050)
Consumption  0%  4%  16%  56%  23%

A negative consumption means that the overall position presents valuation gain, while positive consumption means valuation loss.

At market levels of the ended year, the preventive consumption limit of all programs is 2% due to the fact that current position is negative. Moreover, the consumption of the maximum acceptable limit is 1%, as a result of the mentioned above.

At stress levels of -25% of current market prices, the preventive limits of consumption of total hedging programs is 59%. On the other hand, the maximum acceptable limit of consumption is 23%.

The current sensitivities of the Interest Rate Swap (IRS) at year end considering different scenarios and its impact in pesos, is as follows:

Current positions

Debt levels and natural currency effects

   December 31, 2012 
Scenarios  Rates  Average
debt
  Effect
MXN
  Current debt  % of exposure 
                 
 -50.00%  2.4238% $151,910  $(1,040) $2,741,250   5.5%
 -25.00%  3.6356%  151,910   (444)  2,741,250   5.5%
 -5.00%  4.6051%  151,910   32   2,741,250   5.5%
 0.00%  4.8475%  151,910   151   2,741,250   5.5%
 5.00%  5.0899%  151,910   270   2,741,250   5.5%
 25.00%  6.0594%  151,910   746   2,741,250   5.5%
 50.00%  7.2713%  151,910   1,342   2,741,250   5.5%

At current levels of 28-days TIIE of 4.8475%, the effect of the current secured debt represents $151 of profit and accounts for 5.5% of the total debt of the Company.

If the 28-day TIIE moves in ranges of -5%, +5%, +25% and +50%, current hedge gain exposure levels would be $32, $270, $746 and $1,342 in each one of the levels, respectively.

In market stress scenarios with fluctuations of -50% and -25%, the loss exposure levels for current hedge would be $1,040 and $444, respectively.

Sensitivity of derivative financial instruments related to commodity prices under various scenarios in Mexico, is as follows:

Current position of commodities

December 31, 2012 (Exchange rate: $12.87)

Corn + Soybean 
Closing
variation
base
  B/TC*
Comp
  Effect
(thousand
USD)
  Effect
(thousand
MXN)
 
               
 -50.0%  282,000   (1,518) $(19,532)
 -25.0%  282,000   (821)  (10,572)
 -5.0%  282,000   (265)  (3,404)
 0.0%  282,000   (125)  (1,612)
 5.0%  282,000   14   180 
 25.0%  282,000   571   7,348 
 50.0%  282,000   1,267   16,305 

*Bushels/Short Tons

At price levels or the year-end the corn and soybean agreements would be a loss of 125 USD or $1,612.

At price sensitivity levels of, +5%, +25% and +5% in the corn and soybean agreements, the obtained result in the current position of IFDs of would be gain of $180, $7,348 and $16,305 profit of at each level, respectively.

At price sensitivity levels of, -50%, -25% and -50% in the corn and soybean agreements, the obtained result in the current position of IFDs of would be loss of $19,352, $10,572 and $3,404 of at each level, respectively.

Sensitivity of derivative financial instruments related to commodity prices of Bachoco USA under various scenarios is as follows:

Corn + Soybean 
Variation
Closing base
  B/TC*
Comp
  Effect (thousand
of USD)
  Effect (thousand
of MXN)
 
               
 -50.0%  1,270,600   (5,546) $(71,377)
 -25.0%  1,270,600   (2,791)  (35,917)
 -5.0%  1,270,600   (587)  (7,549)
 0.0%  1,270,600   (36)  (457)
 5.0%  1,270,600   515   6,634 
 25.0%  1,270,600   2,720   35,002 
 50.0%  1,270,600   5,475   70,462 

*Bushels/Short Tons

Note: This sensitivity analysis considers up and down variations based on the closing price of each corn and soybean agreements.

At prices levels of the year end, the corn and soybean agreements woul be a loss of 36 USD or $ 457.

At price sensitivity levels of -5%, +5% in corn and soybeans agreements, the result in the current position of IFDs of Bachoco USA would be ($7,549), and $ 6,634 of loss and profit, respectively.

At price sensitivity levels of -50%, -25%, +25% and +50%, the result in the current position of IFDs would be $71,377 and $35,917 of loss, and $ 35,002 and $70,462 of profit, respectively.

e)Capital Management

The Company lacks a formal policy for managing capital; however, management seeks maintaining an adequate capital base for satisfying the Company’s operational and strategic needs and maintaining the confidence of market participants. This is attained through effective cash management, monitoring the Company’s revenues and profit as well as the long-term investment plans that mainly finance the Company’s operating cash flows. These measures allow the Company attains constant profit growth.

(6)Business and assets acquisitions

a)OK Industries acquisition

 

On November 1, 2011, the Company acquired 100% percent of the voting stock of OK Industries, Inc. and subsidiaries (Acquired Entity). Income of the Acquired Entity has been included in the consolidated financial statements from such date. The Acquired Entity is engaged in breeding, processing and marketing of poultry (chiken)(chicken) to supplier autoservices networks, fast food networks and others in the U.S and foreingforeign markets. The aggregate purchase price that was paid in cash amounted 93.4$1,269,306 (93.4 million USD.USD).

 

F-8

On March 2, 2012 Bachoco USA, LLC. was incorporated as a subsidiary of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V., Bachoco USA, LLC acquired 100% of the shares of OK Industries.

As of December 31, 2011 Bachoco was in the process of allocating the fair values to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. In accordance with Mexican Financial Reporting Standard (Mex FRS) B-7 “Business acquisition”, the valuation period shall not be more than one year since the date of acquisition.

The consolidated financial statements of Bachoco as of December 31, 2011 include the balance sheet of OK Industries, Inc. and subsidiaries, as of December 31, 2011,such date, based on the best estimate of its net asset’s fair value as of the acquisition date, and its results of operations for the two-month period ended December 31, 2011. The fair values of these assets acquired were determined using the cost and market approaches.

 

The cost approach, which estimates value by determining the current cost of replacing an asset with another of equivalent economic utility, was utilized primarily for plant and equipment. The cost to replace a given asset reflects the estimated reproduction or replacement cost for the asset, less an allowance for loss in value due to depreciation. The market approach, which indicates value for a subjetsubject asset based on available market pricing for comparable assets, was utilized primarily for real property.estate. The market approach indicates value based on financial multiples available for similar entities and adjustments for the lack of control or lack of marketability that market participants would consider in determining fair value.

 

Due to their short-term maturities, the Company believes the carrying amounts of cash equivalents, accounts receivables, other current assets, accounts payable and other current liabilities approximate their fair value at the acquisition date. At the adquisitionacquisition date, inventories are stated at their net realizable value. The Company’s investment in an unconsolidated entity is recorded at its historical cost and the investment in insurance contracts is recorded at its aggregate net cash surrender value, both of which approximate fair value at the acquisition date.

F-39

Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed

A summary follows of the main classes of consideration transferred and the recognized amounts of acquired assets and assumed liabilities at the acquisition date. The following summarizes the acquired condensed balance sheet of OK Industies,Industries, Inc., including the application of purchase accounting adjustments to record the best estimate fair value of assets and liabilities at the date of acquisition (November 1, 2011):, as well as additional adjustments to the balance of certain items. Such adjustments arose from additional information obtained during the measurement period and were recognized retroactively at the date of acquisition in accordance with IFRS 3:

 

Allocated to:    
 Previously
recognized
value
  Measurement
period
adjustment
  Adjusted
balance
 
           
Current assets $1,332,762  $1,332,762   -   1,332,762 
Property, plant and equipment  1,693,980   1,693,980   (53,531)  1,640,449 
Other non-current assets  153,364 
    
Other assets  153,364   -   153,364 
Total assets  3,180,106   3,180,106   (53,531)  3,126,575 
                
Current liabilities  (390,001)  (390,001)  -   (390,001)
Deferred income tax  (519,189)  (519,189)  59,511   (459,678)
Non-controlling interest  (7,025)  (7,025)  -   (7,025)
Net acquired assts  2,263,891   5,980   2,269,871 
                
Net acquired assets  2,263,891 
Purchase price  1,269,306 
Consideration paid  1,269,306       1,269,306 
                
Gain on bargain purchase $994,585 
Gain on bargain purchase (note 31) $994,585       1,000,565 

 

Under MexFRS B-7 “Business acquisition”, ifThis gain was derived due that the amount offormer strategies resulted in high cost structure and limited opportunity to improve profitability; as a consequence the fair value of the netenterprise was found lower than the respective fair values of its components. Therefore, after reviewing if all the acquired assets acquired exceeds the aggregateand assumed liabilities had been properly identified and recognizing any additional assets identified in this review, a gain was recognized as bargain purchase price amount (bargain purchase), thenin the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.

Had the acquisition occurred on January 1, 2011, management estimates that consolidated revenues and consolidated profits for the period would have totaled $34,809,853 and $911,952, respectively. In determining these amounts, management has assumed that adjustments to fair value of the net assets acquired shall be adjusted up to the purchase price amount as such purchase price is considered the fair value of the transaction between two independent parties in a free market.

Adjustment to the fair value of the net assets acquired should be applied by reducing the value of certain assets until exhausting its value in the following order: a) firstly, intangible assets, b) then, long-term non-monetary assets as property, plant and equipment, and c) finally, any other long-term assets as permanent investments. Once exhausted the value of such assets, the remaining amount, if any, should be recognized as a gain on bargain purchase in the income statementdetermined temporarily, originating on the acquisition date.date would have been the same had the acquisition occurred on January 1, 2011.

In accordance with the provision of MexFRS B-7, the Company adjusted the fair value of the property plant and equipment and the related deferred income taxes up to the amount of the gain on bargain purchase on the net assets acquired.

F-10

The following table summarizes the adjusted values of OK Industries, Inc., under Mex FRS at November 1, 2011 (acquisition date), and December 31, 2011:

  November
1, 2011
  December
31, 2011
 
       
Cash and cash equivalents $288  $43,129 
Accounts receivable  340,443   391,857 
Inventories  949,518   1,046,032 
Refundable income taxes  12,155   - 
Other current assets  30,358   23,649 
Property, plant and equipment  11,876   12,045 
Investment in unconsolidated entity  36,993   38,026 
Other long-term receivable  116,371   119,781 
Deferred income taxes  168,330   174,141 
Total assets acquired  1,666,332   1,848,660 
         
Accounts payable  (203,631)  (382,240)
Other current liabilities  (186,370)  (157,110)
Total liabilities assumed  (390,001)  (539,350)
         
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated entity  (7,025)  (7,025)
         
Net assets acquired $1,269,306  $1,302,285 

Trosi de Carne acquisition

 

On August 20, 2011, Induba Pavos, S.A. de C.V. (subsidiary) acquired certain assets of Trosi de Carne, S.A. de C.V. Under MexFRS B-7 “Business acquisition”, thisIn accordance with IFRS 3, such net assets qualify as business combination. With the acquisition qualifies as a Business Combination. As result of this acquisitionthe net assets, the Company will be manufacturingdedicated to the production of high value added products from beef value-added and pig. The aggregate purchase price that was paidpork. Below is a summary of the assets acquired at their fair value (determined within the measurement period and recorded at the acquisition date in cash amounted to $57,723 is comprised as follow:

Land $422 
Property  7,829 
Machinery and equipment  25,240 
Inventory  13,500 
Account Receivable  10,732 
  $57,723 

The Company is in the process of completing the allocation ofaccordance with IFRS 3) and the purchase price to the fair value of the assets acquired.paid in cash.

 

Property, plant and equipment $98,385 
Working capital  24,232 
Deferred income tax  (18,170)
   104,447 
Consideration paid  57,723 
Gain on bargain purchase (note 31) $46,724 

Other assets acquisitions

b)Costs related to OK industries acquisition.

During 2011, the Company incurred costs related to OK Industries acquisition of $11,426 corresponding to external legal fees and due diligence costs. The external legal fees and due diligence costs have been included in other expenses in the Company’s consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2011 (see note 31).

c)Acquisition of fixed assets Mercantil Agropecuario Coromuel, S.A. de C.V. (“MACSA”)

 

On December 16, 2011, Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. (subsidiary) acquired certainscertain assets from Mercantil Agropecuaria Coromuel, S.A. de C.V. (MACSA)MACSA located in the state of Baja California. The transaction consisted of the acquisition of property, plant and equipment, for an amount of $55,522. The acquisition intend increase the brand commercial presence and improve the distribution channels in that region.

In July 2009, Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. (subsidiary) acquired a poultry processing plant located in the state of Nuevo Leon, with a production capacity of 9,000 chickens per hour. The transaction consisted of the acquisition of property, plant and equipment for an amount of $321,984 and inventory in stock for an amount of $142,537. In addition to reducing costs, the goal of this acquisition, is to increase the production capacity and diversifying.

In September 2009, Campi Alimentos, S.A. de C.V. (subsidiary) acquired a poultry feed processing plant also located in the state of Nuevo Leon, with a production capacity of 12,000 tons per month. The transaction consisted of the acquisition of property, plant and equipment, for an amount of $114,904. As in the aforementioned July 2009 acquisition, the Company expanded its animal balanced feed production capacity for internal consumption.

(2)(7)Accounting Policies and Practices-Subsidiaries of the Company

 

The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires management to make a number of estimatesSubsidiaries and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant items subject toCompany´s stockownership interest percentage over such estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to, the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment, and goodwill; valuation allowances for receivables, inventories and deferred income tax assets; valuation of primary investment securities and financial instruments; and assets and labor obligations related to employee benefits. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.

The aforementioned financial statements are presented in Mexican pesos (reporting currency), which is the same as the recording currency and the functional currency, except for the foreign entity that uses U.S dollar as its recording and functional currency.

For disclosure purposes, “pesos” or “$” means thousands of Mexican pesos, and “dollars” or “US dollars” means thousands of U.S. dollars.

When it is deemed relevant, certain amounts presented in the notes to the financial statements include between parentheses a convenience translation into dollars, into pesos, or both, as applicable. These translations are provided as informative data and should not be construed as representations that the amounts in pesos or dollars, as applicable, actually represent those peso or dollar amounts or could be converted into pesos or dollars at the indicated rate.

The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with Mexican Financial Reporting Standards (Mex FRS) in effectentities as of the balance sheet date. The significant accounting policiesJanuary 1, 2011, December 31, 2011 and practices followed by the Company in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements2012, are describedlisted below:

 

a)Consolidation-

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and all of its majority-owned and controlled subsidiaries.

The ownership interests of other stockholders in such subsidiaries are shown as non-controlling interest.

Intercompany balances, investments and significant transactions between consolidated entities have been eliminated in consolidation.

The results of operations of the subsidiaries were included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as at the acquisition or inception month.

The consolidation of the subsidiaries as of December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, have been prepared or translated in accordance with Mex FRS.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the following subsidiaries as of December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011:

Name Ownership interest percentage in Subsidiaries
 Percentage equity interest    January  December 31 
 2009  2010  2011  Country 1, 2011  2011  2012 
Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. Mexico  99.99   99.99   99.99 
OK Industries Inc., and Subsidiaries U.S.  -   100.00   - 
Bachoco USA, LLC. & Sub. U.S.  -   -   100.00 
Campi Alimentos, S.A. de C.V. Mexico  99.99   99.99   99.99 
Induba Pavos, S.A. de C.V. Mexico  99.99   99.99   99.99 
Bachoco Comercial, S.A. de C.V. Mexico  99.99   99.99   99.99 
Pecuarius Laboratorios, S.A. de C.V. Mexico  63.57   63.57   63.57 
Aviser, S.A. de C.V.  100   100   100  Mexico  99.99   99.99   99.99 
Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. (“BSACV”)  100   100   100 
Bachoco Comercial, S.A. de C.V.  100   100   100 
Campi Alimentos, S.A. de C.V. (1)  100   100   100 
Huevo y Derivados, S.A. de C.V. (2)  97   -   - 
Operadora de Servicios de Personal, S.A. de C.V.  100   100   100  Mexico  99.99   99.99   99.99 
Pecuarius Laboratorios, S.A. de C.V.  64   64   64 
Secba, S.A. de C.V.  100   100   100  Mexico  99.99   99.99   99.99 
Sepetec, S.A de C.V.  100   100   100 
Servicios de Personal Administrativo, S.A. de C.V.  100   100   100  Mexico  99.99   99.99   99.99 
Induba Pavos, S.A. de C.V.  100   100   100 
OK Industries, Inc., and subsidiaries (note 1)  -   -   100 
Sepetec, S. A. de C.V. Mexico  99.99   99.99   99.99 

 

The main subsidiaries of the group and their activities are as follows:

 

- Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. (“BSACV”) (includes four subsidiaries which are 50% owned, and for which BSACV has control). BSACV is engaged in breeding, processing and marketing of poultry (chicken and eggs).

 

- On March 2, 2012, Bachoco USA, LLC. was incorporated in the State of Delaware, United States (“U.S.”) as a wholly owned subsidiary of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. From then onwards, Bachoco USA, LLC. acts as holding company for the shares of OK Industries, Inc. (includes four subsidiaries which are 100% owned and, one which is 85% owned, and for which OK Industries has control). OK Industries was acquired bytherefore, of the operations of Bachoco on November 1, 2011, and it and their subsidiaries operate as an integrated poultry processor in the United States (U.S), selling finishedof America. OK Industries, Inc. (acquired in November 2011) comprises five controlled subsidiaries. Four of these subsidiaries, OK Industries, Inc. has a 100% shareholding while it only holds 85% of the shares of the remaining subsidiary through its dissolution in 2012. Its principal activity includes the production of chicken products, mostly marketed in the U.S. and, to customers throughout the U.S anda lesser extent, in other countries.

foreign markets.

- Campi Alimentos, S.A. de C.V. (Campi), is engaged in producing and marketing of balanced animal feed.

- Aviser, S.A. de C.V.

-, Operadora de Servicios de Personal, S.A. de C.V.

-, Secba, S.A. de C.V.

- Sepetec, S.A. de C.V.

-, Servicios de Personal Administrativo, S.A. de C.V.

y Sepetec, S.A de C.V., These companies are engaged in providing administrative and operative services to their related parties.

 

(1) At the ordinary and extraordinary general stockholders’ meeting held on March 20, 2009, the shareholders agreed to the merger through incorporation of Acuicola Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. (the acquiree entity) with Campi Alimentos, S.A. de C.V. (the acquiror entity). The merger became effective as of March 31, 2009, so that as of that date, Acuicola, as the acquired corporation, no longer exists. Pursuant to the Ley General de Sociedades Mercantiles (General Corporation and Partnership Law) when the merger became effective, total assets and liabilities, rights, obligations and responsibilities of the merged corporation became part of the acquiring corporation without reservation or limitation.

(2) At the extraordinary stockholders’ meeting held on March 31, 2010, the stockholders agreed the liquidation of the balance sheet as of December 31, 2009. The aforementioned liquidation was effective on January 1, 2010.

b)(8)Translation of foreign currency financial statements-Operating segments

 

Reporting segments have a line of product approach. Intersegment transactions have been eliminated. The financial statements of foreign operations are translated into the reporting currency by initially determining if the functional currency and the currency for recording the foreign operations are different and then translating the functional currency to the reporting currency, using the historical exchange rate and/or the exchange rate at year end, (and the inflation indexpoultry segment consists of the countrychicken and egg operations and has been added due to its risks and benefits similarities. The information included in the “Others” column corresponds to pigs, balanced feed for animal consumption and other non-significant sub-products.

Inter-segment pricing is determined on an arms – length basis. The accounting policies of origin whenoperating segments are the foreign operationsame as those described in note 3.

The next pages includes information on the results of each segment by line of business. Performance is locatedmeasured based on each segment’s income before taxes, in inflationary economy).

the same manner as included in management reports that are reviewed by the Company’s General Director. Each segment profits are used in measuring performance since management believes such information is most appropriate for assessing the results of certain segments, as compared with other entities that operate in the same businesses as the Company.

c)a)Revenue recognition-Operating segment information

  Year ended December 31, 2011 
  Poultry  Others  Total 
Net revenues $24,697,212   3,037,778   27,734,990 
Cost of sales  22,058,417   2,738,620   24,797,037 
Gross profit  2,638,795   299,158   2,937,953 
Income tax  (20,135)  (18,481)  (38,616)
Net controlling interest income  1,093,861   83,485   1,177,346 
Property, plant and equipment, net  11,652,108   460,837   12,112,945 
Goodwill  212,833   88,015   300,848 
Total assets  23,335,598   1,381,722   24,717,320 
Total liabilities  (6,779,658)  (557,834)  (7,337,492)
Capital expenditures  662,009   45,524   707,533 
Business acquisitions  2,269,871   104,447   2,374,318 
Expenses not requiring cash disbursements:            
Depreciation and amortization  (722,286)  (23,551)  (745,837)

  Year ended December 31, 2012 
  Poultry  Others  Total 
Net revenues $35,797,169   3,570,262   39,367,431 
Cost of sales  30,210,843   3,107,364   33,318,207 
Gross profit  5,586,326   462,898   6,049,224 
Income tax  486,251   115,769   602,020 
Net controlling interest income  1,939,733   244,834   2,184,567 
Property, plant and equipment, net  10,363,200   1,586,316   11,949,516 
Goodwill  212,833   88,015   300,848 
Total assets  25,224,900   2,815,284   28,040,184 
Total liabilities  (8,093,729)  (857,766)  (8,951,495)
Capital expenditures  942,351   9,409   951,760 
Expenses not requiring cash disbursements:            
Depreciation and amortization  (752,492)  (85,315)  (837,807)

Revenue of the Poultry segment is analyzed as follows:

  As of December 31, 2011 
  Chicken  Egg  Total 
Net revenues $22,611,264   2,085,948   24,697,212 

  As of December 31, 2012 
  Chicken  Egg  Total 
Net revenues $32,989,481   2,807,688   35,797,169 
b)Geographic information

 

Revenues are recognized when eachSince 2011, with the acquisition of the following criteriaUS operation, a new segment is met:included in the managerial approach called “foreign” to identify (segment) domestic and foreign operations. When submitting information by geographic area, revenue is classified based on the geographic location of customers. Segment assets are classified in accordance with their geographic location.

 

  Year ended December 31, 2011 
  Domestic
poultry
  Foreign
poultry (two-
months
operations)
  Total 
Net revenues $23,318,433   1,378,779   24,697,212 
Cost of sales  20,755,753   1,302,664   22,058,417 
Gross profit  2,562,680   76,115   2,638,795 
Income tax  (12,240)  (7,895)  (20,135)
Net controlling interest income  1,096,519   (2,658)  1,093,861 
Property, plant and equipment, net  10,011,659   1,640,449   11,652,108 
Goodwill  212,833   -   212,833 
Total assets  19,983,780   3,351,818   23,335,598 
Total liabilities  (6,240,308)  (539,350)  (6,779,658)
Capital expenditures  662,009   -   662,009 
Expenses not requiring cash disbursements:            
Depreciation and amortization  (703,606)  (18,680)  (722,286)
  Year ended December 31, 2012 
  Domestic
poultry
  Foreign
poultry
  Total 
Net revenues $27,625,702   8,171,467   35,797,169 
Cost of sales  22,574,463   7,636,380   30,210,843 
Gross profit  5,051,239   535,087   5,586,326 
Income tax  457,727   (28,524)  486,251 
Net controlling interest income  1,939,733   -   1,939,733 
Property, plant and equipment, net  8,863,652   1,499,548   10,363,200 
Goodwill  212,833   -   212,833 
Total assets  21,783,895   3,441,005   25,224,900 
Total liabilities  (6,637,159)  (1,456,570)  (8,093,729)
Capital expenditures  889,081   53,270   942,351 
Expenses not requiring cash disbursements:            
Depreciation and amortization  (578,977)  (173,515)  (752,492)

- There is evidence of an arrangement.

- Delivery of goods has occurred.

- The seller fixes or determines the prices with the buyer.

- Collectability is reasonably certain.

The following table details revenue for chicken in the poultry segment, by geographic area:

  As of December 31, 2011 
  Domestic
chicken
  Foreign
chicken (two
months
operation)
  Total 
Net revenues $21,232,485   1,378,779   22,611,264 

  As of December 31, 2012 
  Domestic
chicken
  Foreign
chicken
  Total 
Net revenues $24,818,014   8,171,467   32,989,481 
c)Major Customers

In Mexico, the Company’s products are sold totraded among a large number of customers, without significant concentrationsconcentration with any specific customer. Therefore, in 2011 and 2012, no customer accounted for over 10% of them.the Company’s total revenue.

 

Based on management´s analysis and estimates,The foreign subsidiary held sales transactions representing the Company provides for doubtful receivables (reported under selling, general and administrative expenses).12% of total sales with the entity Ozark Mountain Poultry.

 

d)(9)Recognition of the effects of inflation-Cash and cash equivalents

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Mexican FRS in effectbalances of cash and cash equivalents as of the statement of financial position date and include the recognition of the effects of inflation on financial information throughJanuary 1, 2011, December 31, 2007, based on the Mexican National Consumer Price Index (NCPI) published by Banco de Mexico (central bank).

Cumulative inflation indexes2011 and percentages of the current and three preceding years2012, are as follows:

 

December 31 NCPI  Inflation 
     Yearly  Cumulative 
          
2011  103.551   3.80%  12.26%
2010  99.742   4.40%  15.19%
2009  95.537   3.57%  14.48%
2008  92.240   6.52%  15.01%
  January 1,  December 31 
  2011  2011  2012 
Cash and banks $513,076   472,318   1,592,555 
Available on demand investments (note 10)  3,445,899   2,151,702   2,586,471 
             
Unrestricted cash and cash equivalents  3,958,975   2,624,020   4,179,026 
             
Restricted investments  8,899   1,641   515 
             
Total cash and equivalents $3,967,874   2,625,661   4,179,541 

 

A summary ofRestricted investments corresponds to the key inflation accounting concepts and procedures is as follows:

- Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment were carried at replacement cost, determined annuallyminimum margin requirement made by an independent appraiser, through 1996. The fifth amendmentthe financial instruments intermediary to Bulletin B-10 “Accounting Recognition of the Effects of Inflation on Financial Information” (as modified), which is applicablemeet future commitments due to financial statements for periods beginning on or after January 1, 1997, disallows the use of appraisals on fixed assets. Based on such amendment, the Company restated the appraised value at December 31, 1996, and the acquisitions of property, plant and equipment since January 1, 1997, until December 31, 2007, by applying factors derived from the NCPI.

- Stockholders’ equity

Until December 31, 2007, the date on which the economic environment turned to a non-inflationary environment in conformity with FRS B-10 “Effects of Inflation”, capital stock, additional paid-in capital, reserve for repurchase of shares of Company’s own shares, retained earnings and other capital accounts were restated using adjustment factors derived from the NCPI. The amounts thus obtained in this manner represented the constant value of the stockholders’ equity.

e)Cash and cash equivalents-

Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of bank deposits and checking accounts in local and foreign currencies and other highly liquid instruments. At the date of the consolidated financial statements, interest income and foreign exchange gains and losses are included in the statements of income, under comprehensive financial results.

f)Available on-demand investments and primary investment securities-

All rights and obligations arising from treasury primary investment securities are recognizedadverse market movements affecting prices on the statement of financial position and the Company classifies its investment securities depending on the purpose for which the securities were acquired: (i) held-to-maturity, (ii) trading or (iii) available for sale. Investments in these instruments with maturity of three months or less at the time of investment are included on the line-item “available on-demand investments” within cash and cash equivalents (see note 4). Furthermore, primary investment securities with maturity over three months are included under current assets. In turn, the balance of debt securities with due dates less than one year is reported under current liabilities

Trading securities are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term. Held-to-maturity debt securities are securities in which the Company has the solvency, ability and intent to hold the security until maturity. All securities not included in trading or held or held-to-maturity are classified as available-for sale.

Trading securities, except held-to-maturity securities, are recorded at fair value, where peso-denominated debt securities are taken from the bank statements which are based on the information of the local price vendors, while US-denominated debt securities are based on diversified sources. Held-to-maturity securities are recorded at amortized cost. Changes in the carrying amounts of trading securities, including the related costs and yields are included under comprehensive financial results. Gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of available-for-sale securities (less the corresponding yield) non functional currency denominated and foreign exchange gain or loss, in the case of equity securities, as well as the related monetary position gain or loss, as applicable, are reported as a comprehensive income (loss) item within stockholders’ equity.

Furthermore, where evidence exists that a financial asset held-to-maturity shall not be recovered in full, the expected loss (impairment) is recognized in the statement of income.

g)Accounts receivable and allowance for doubtful accounts-

Accounts receivableopen positions as of December 31, 2010 and 2011 are reported at fair value, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts.

The Company’s policy is to record an allowance for doubtful accounts for balances which are not likely to be recovered. In establishing the required allowance, management considers historical losses, current market conditions, customers’ financial condition, the amount of receivables in dispute, price differences and the current receivable aging and current payment patterns.

h)Inventories, agricultural products and biological assets-

- Inventories

At December 31, 2010 and 2011, inventories are stated at the lower of historical cost determined by the average cost method or market, provided that replacement cost is not less than net realizable value.

-Agriculture

The financial statements recognize the requirements of Bulletin E-1, “Agriculture”which establishes the rules for recognizing, measuring, presenting and disclosing biological assets and agricultural products.

Bulletin E-1 requires biological assets and agricultural products (the latter at the time of harvesting) to be valued at their fair value, net of the estimated costs at the point of sale. Bulletin E-1 also establishes that whenever the fair value cannot be determined in a reliable, verifiable and objective manner, the assets are to be valued at their production cost, less any impairment loss.

The allowance for decline in the productivity of breeder chickens and pigs is estimated based on their expected future life, under the straight-line method.

Agricultural products are live chickens, processed chickens, commercial eggs and pigs available for sale. The Company’s biological assets are comprised of poultry in their different stages, incubatable eggs and breeder pigs.

Broiler chicks less than six and a half weeks old, incubatable eggs, breeder pigs and laying hens are valued at production cost since it is not possible to determine their fair value in a reliable, verifiable and objective manner.

Broilers more than six and a half weeks old through their date of sale are valued at fair value less estimated point-of-sale costs, considering the price per kilogram of processed chicken at the valuation date.

Processed chicken and commercial eggs are valued at fair value less estimated point-of-sale costs, considering the price per kilogram of processed chicken and commercial eggs at the time such items are considered agricultural products. From such date through the date of sale, the fair value is considered to be the cost of processed chicken or commercial eggs, not in excess of net realizable value.

The Company is exposed to financial risks due to changes in the price of chicken. The Company estimates that the price of chicken will not fall significantly in the future; consequently, the Company has not entered into any derivative agreement or any other type of agreement to offset the risk of a drop in the price of chicken.

The Company reviews periodically the price of chicken so as to evaluate the need for a financial instrument to offset such risk.

In conformity with Bulletin E-1, biological assets and agricultural products were classified as either current or non-current assets based on their availability for sale and the business operating cycle.

Cost of sales represents the replacement cost of inventories at the time of sale, increased, as applicable, for reductions in the net realizable value of inventories during the year.

The Company records the necessary allowances for inventory impairment arising from damaged, obsolete or slow-moving inventories or any other reason indicating that the carrying amount will exceed the future revenues expected from use or realization of the inventory items.

Beginning January 1, 2011 and with retrospective application, based on FRS C-5, “Advanced Payments”, advances to suppliers of inventory are presented as part of prepaid expenses and other current assets. As result, advances to suppliers of inventory for $366,160 originally reported within the caption of inventories in 2010, were reclassified to prepaid expenses and other current assets in the comparative statement of financial position (see note 3a).

i)Assets available for sale-

Assets available for sale are comprised mainly of assets acquired through foreclosure and an aircraft acquired from the business combination of OK industries, Inc. (note 1). Management is actively marketing the aircraft and expects to complete the sale during the next fiscal year (see note 3a).

j)Property, plant and equipment-

Property, plant and equipment are initially recorded at acquisition cost (except for the property, plant and equipment acquired through business combination that are recorded at fair value) and through December 31, 2007, adjusted for inflation by using factors derived from the NCPI (see note 2d).

From January 1, 2007, acquisitions of assets under construction or installation include the related comprehensive financial results as part of the value of assets. During 2009, 2010 and 2011, no comprehensive financing costs have been capitalized, as result of Mexican FRS D-6 criteria not being met.

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, determined by management (see note 9).

Leasehold improvements are amortized over the useful life of the improvement or the related contract term, whichever is shorter.

Minor repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.

Beginning January 1, 2011, and with retrospective application, based on FRS C-5, “Advanced Payments”, advances to suppliers of fixed assets are presented as part of other non-current assets. As result, advances to suppliers of fixed assets for $43,290 originally accounted for as property, plant and equipment in 2010, were reclassified to non-current assets accounts in the comparative statement of financial position (see note 3b).

k)Prepaid expenses and other current assets-

Mainly include prepaid expenses for the purchase of inventories and services that are received after the date of the statement of financial position and in the ordinary course of operations.

l)    Impairment of property, plant and equipment-

The Company periodically evaluates the values of long-lived assets of property, plant and equipment, to determine whether there is an indication of potential impairment. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of an asset against future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the net carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated net revenues, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of, are reported in the balance sheets at the lower of net carrying amount or realizable value. The assets of a group classified as available-for sale are presented separately on the consolidated statement of financial position.

F-21

m)Leases-

Leased property, plant and equipment arrangements are recognized as capital leases if: a) the ownership of the leased asset is transferred to the lessee upon termination of the lease; b) the agreement includes an option to purchase the asset at a reduced price; c) the term of the lease is substantially the same as the remaining useful life of the leased asset; or d) the present value of minimum lease payments is substantially the same as the market value of the leased asset, net of any benefit or scrap value.

When the risks and benefits inherent to the ownership of the leased asset remain mostly with the lessor, such leases are classified as operating leases, and the lease expense is charged to results of income as incurred.

The Company classified its leases as operating leases at December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011.

n)Business Combinations and Goodwill-

Bachoco applies the purchase method as the sole recognition alternative for a business combination by allocating the purchase price to all assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date.

Goodwill represents the difference between the purchase price and the fair value of the identifiable assets acquired in a business combination at the purchase date.

In the case of a gain on a bargain purchase (negative goodwill), such gain is reduced from the value of certain acquired assets up to the amount of such gain on bargain purchase.

Goodwill is recorded initially at acquisition cost and through December 31, 2007, was restated using adjustment factors derived from the NCPI. Goodwill is subject to annual impairment testing.

At December 31, 2010 and 2011, there was no impairment loss in the value of goodwill shown in the consolidated statement of financial position.

F-22

o)Other non-current assets-

Other non-current assets consist mainly of advances to suppliers of fixed assets, investment in life insurance contracts, and investment in unconsolidated entity.

At December 31, 2011, OK Industries, Inc. (foreign subsidiary) held a minority interest in Southern Hens, Inc. The Company cannot exercise significant influence over the investee and, therefore has reported the investment at original cost, which approximated fair value as of the acquisition date.

OK Industries, Inc. (foreign subsidiary) owns life insurance policies for certain former stockholders. The Company has recorded these policies at their aggregate net cash surrender value of $119,792.

p)Liabilities, accruals, contingent liabilities and commitments-

Liability provisions are recognized when the following three conditions are met: (i) the Company has current obligations (legal or assumed) derived from past events, (ii) it is probable that the liability will give rise to a future cash disbursement for its settlement and (iii) the liability can be reasonably estimated. When a reasonable estimation cannot be made, qualitative disclosure is provided in the notes to the consolidated financial statements. Contingent revenues, earnings or assets are not recognized until realization is assured.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, accrual amounts are determined as the present value of the expected disbursements to settle the obligation. The discount rate is determined on a pre-tax basis and reflects current market conditions at the statement of financial position date and, where appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. Where discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as an interest expense.

q)Employee benefits-

Benefit plan in Mexican operation-

Bachoco has a retirement plan in which all non-union workers in Mexico participate. Pension benefits are determined based on the salary of workers in their final three years of service, the number of years worked in the Company and their age at retirement. This plan includes:

- Defined contribution plan: This fund consists of employee and Company contributions. The employee contribution percentage ranges from 1% to 5%. The Company contribution ranges from 1% to 2% in the case of employees with less than 10 years’ seniority, and the same contribution percentage as the employee (up to 5%) when the employee has more than 10 years’ seniority.

- Defined benefit plan: This fund consists solely of the Company’s contributions and covers the Company's labor obligations with each employee.

Seniority premiums and severance payments are paid to workers in Mexico as required by Mexican labor law.

Termination benefits for reasons other than restructuring and retirement to which employees in Mexico are entitled are charged to operations for each year, based on actuarial computations using the projected unit credit method and projected salaries. At December 31, 2011 and for purposes of recognizing benefits upon retirement, the remaining average service life of employees entitled to plan benefits approximates 11.89 years (see note 17).2012.

 

The actuarial profit or loss is recognized directlyAvailable on demand investments includes cash of $38,431 included in the consolidated statement of income for the period as it is accrued (benefits due to termination) and is amortized based on the remaining labor life of the employees in Mexico that are expected to receive benefits from the plan (retirement benefits).

Benefit plan in foreign operation

investment portfolio.

i)(10)OK Industries, Inc. (foreign subsidiary) maintains a 401(k) retirement plan (defined contribution plan) covering all employees meeting certain eligibility requirements. The Company contributes to the plan at the rate of 50% of employees contributions up to a maximum of 2% of the individual employees compensation.Financial instruments and risk management

 

ii)(a)OK Industries, Inc. (foreign subsidiary) maintains a deferred compensation arrangement with certain key employees. Amounts payable under this plan vest 10 years from the date of the agreement. The benefit value of each unit is equal to the increase in initial subsidiary book value from the date of the agreement to the conclusion of the vesting period.Credit risk

F-24

 

r)i.Comprehensive financial results (CFR)-Exposure to credit risk

 

The CFR includes interest income and expense, foreign exchange gains and losses and valuationcarrying amount of financial instruments, including derivatives.assets represents the maximum credit exposure. At the report date, the maximum exposure to credit risk is as follows:

  Carrying amount 
  January 1,  December 31, 
  2011  2011  2012 
Held-to-maturity investments $36,725   42,352   38,958 
Investments designated at fair value through profit or loss  3,618,522   2,520,071   3,509,995 
Exchange rate derivative instruments held for trading  262   1,344   - 
Interest rate derivative instruments held for trading  -   -   152 
Commodities derivative instruments held for trading  7,114   1,803   2,549 
Commodities derivative instruments held for hedging  5,801   7,829   - 
Accounts receivable  963,273   1,507,095   1,741, 639 
  $4,631,697   4,080,494   5,293,293 

Investments designated at fair value through profit or loss includes cash of $38,431 included in the investment portfolio.

 

Transactions in foreign currency are recordedThe maximum exposure to credit risk for trade receivables at the exchange rate prevailing onend of the date of execution or settlement. Foreign currency assets and liabilities are translatedreporting period by geographic region was as follows:

  Carrying amount 
  January 1,  December 31, 
  2011  2011  2012 
National $963,273   1,115,238   1,287, 686 
United States  -   391,857   453,953 
  $963,273   1,507,095   1,741, 639 

The maximum exposure to credit risk for trade receivables at the exchange rate in forceend of the reporting period by type of counterparty was as follows:

  Carrying amount 
  January 1,  December 31, 
  2011  2011  2012 
          
Receivables $916,139   1,457,617   1,682, 729 
Legal receivables (Lawyers held)  47,134   49,478   58,910 
  $963,273   1,507,095   1,741,639 

Impairment analysis

The aging of trade receivables at the consolidated balance sheet date. Exchange differences arising from assetsend of the reporting period was as follows:

  Carrying amount 
  January 1,  December 31, 
  2011  2011  2012 
Current $776,066   1,233,249   1,455, 915 
Past due 0-60 days  127,412   209,127   208,704 
Past due greater than 60 days  12,661   15,241   18,110 
  $916,139   1,457,617   1,682, 729 

The Company considers that the unimpaired amounts that are past due by more than 60 days are still collectible, based on historic payment behavior and extensive analysis of customer credit risk.

Based on historical trends of the probability of default, the Company considers that no impairment allowance is necessary in respect of current trade receivables.

b)Liquidity risk

Following are the remaining contractual maturities at the end of the reporting period of financial liabilities, denominated in foreign currencies are reportedincluding estimated interest payments and excluding the impact ofnetting agreements.

As of January 1, 2011 (pesos and dollars)

  Book value  Current
contractual
cash flows
  Non-current
contractual
cash flows
 
Financialliabilities            
Bank loans (pesos) $646,920   -   646,920 
Exchange rate derivative instruments held for traiding  280   280   - 
Trade and other payables  1,966,014   1,966,014   - 
  $2,613,214   1,966,294   646,920 

As of December 31, 2011 (pesos and dollars):

  Book Value  Current
contractual
cash flows
  Non-
current
contractual
cash flows
 
          
Financialliabilities            
Bank loans (pesos) $789,613   230,000   559,613 
Bank loans (valued dollars)  1,047,750   1,047,750   - 
Derivative financial instruments on commodities at fair value through profit or loss  769   769   - 
Trade and other payables  2,921,441   2,921,441   - 
  $4,759,573   4,199,960   559,613 

As of December 31, 2012 (pesos and dollars):

  Book value  Current
contractual
cash flows
  Non-
current
contractual
cash flows
 
          
Financialliabilities            
Bank loans (pesos) $580,158   437,996   142,162 
Bank loans (valued dollars)  643,500   643,500   - 
Senior bond issuance  1,500,000   -   1,500,000 
Derivative financial instruments on commodities at fair value through profit or loss  1,332   1,332   - 
Trade and other payables  3,445,245   3,445,245   - 
  $6,170,235   4,528,073   1,642,162 

At least on a monthly basis the Company evaluates and reports to the Board of Directors the liquidity status of the Company. As of December 31, 2012, the Company has determined that has sufficient resources to meet its short and long term obligations and; therefore, it does not expect to have liquidity gaps in the consolidated statements of income for the year.future and will not necessary to sell assets to settle their debts at unusual or off market prices.

 

s)c)Comprehensive income-Market risk

 

The comprehensive income reported on the statementsPrice risk of stockholders’ equity represents the results of the Company’s total activities during the year, and includes the items mentioned below which, in accordance with Mexican FRS, are reported directly in stockholders’ equity, except for net income.

  2009  2010  2011 
          
Net income $797,600  $1,983,350  $157,041 
Currency traslation adjustment  -   -   35,636 
  $797,600  $1,983,350  $192,677 
             
Non controlling interest  11,445   2,976   2,097 
Comprehensive income $809,045  $1,986,326  $194,774 

t)Derivative financial instruments-

Irrespective of their use and either issuance or holding purpose, the Company recognizes all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet at their respective fair values. Fair values are determined based on known market prices such as Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) and, when not listed in a market, based on valuation techniques and inputs usually accepted in the financial sector.

Changes in the fair value of financial instruments not designated and/or not qualifying under strict hedge accounting criteria are recognized within earnings for the year in which such changes occur, as derivatives effects under comprehensive financial results.

In the case of operations with options on futures not designated and/or do not qualify under strict hedge accounting criteria, premiums paid or received in connection with options are initially recognized respectively as assets or liabilities within derivative instruments; while subsequent changes in their fair value are recognized within income of the year in which such changes occur under comprehensive financial results.

u)Derivative financial Instruments, designated and qualified as hedging instruments for one or more risks-

The Company uses selected financial derivative instruments to protect itself against adverse price fluctuations in agriculturegeneric commodities such as corn and sorghum. Those agriculture commodities derivative instruments include futures and options on futures which are listed on the CBOT, as well as options on futures accessed through ASERCA (Farming Marketing Support and Services, ascribed to Mexico’s Secretary of Farming and Agriculture), who functions as counterparty and that is a dependent entity of the Mexican Government’s unit that belongs to the Secretary of Farming, Livestock, Rural Development, Fishing and Food (SAGARPA, Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganaderia y Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentacion), through which, a commodities-related price hedging program (the “Farming by Contract”) scheme is offered to both farmers and agro-business entities such as the Company. The ASERCA program has two participating modalities: (i) 10% of the payment of the option’s premium and 100% of the benefit with a 60% discount on the amount of the initial premium, or (ii) 50% of the payment of the option’s premium, and 100% of the benefit with a 30% discount on the amount of the initial premium.

When the derivatives are acquired to hedge risks, and accomplish with hedge accounting, there are strict requirements the hedging relationship be documented for each hedged price risk. This documentation includes a description of the objective or hedge strategy, the nature of the hedged item position, the risk(s) to be hedged, the designated derivatives and how the initial effectiveness testing assessment will be performed, as well as the subsequent measurement of its retrospective effectiveness, which applies to each established hedge relationship.

Formal hedging derivatives designated into a hedging relationship, follow special hedge accounting recognition, for fair value changes based on each corresponding hedge accounting model: (1) Fluctuations in fair value type of hedges, require that both the derivative and the hedged item are to be valued at fair value and recognized in the statement of income adjusting the carrying value of hedge item; (2) in the case of cash flow hedges, only the effective portion of the derivative is temporarily recognized in comprehensive income (equity) and recycled to operations when the effects of the hedged item affects operations as cost of good sold, interest, etc., while the ineffective portion is immediately recognized within operations.

 

The Company discontinues hedge accountingseeks protection against declines in the following cases: whenagreed-upon price of corn and/or sorghum after the derivative has expired, has been sold,producer issues the respective invoice that may result in not ceasing an opportunity cost for lower prices in the commodity market against a higher agreed-upon price and once they become part of the inventory to hedge a risk if the price declines prior to their consumption.

In other words, if the price on the physical delivery of the agreed-upon commodities is cancelled or exercised, or whenlower than the derivativeagreed-upon prices, the entity does not achieve the required level of accumulated effectiveness as to compensatebenefit from lower market prices and purchases are made at higher prices, resulting in a loss for the changes in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item, when the edged item is prepaid or when the Company decides to cancel the hedge relationship on a discretionary basis.Company.

 

Certain financial derivative instrumentsCorn and/or sorghum purchases are entered into to hedge on or more exposures fromformalized through a forward sales agreement, which stipulate the user’s economic perspective, but are neither designated nor qualify for hedge accounting purposes, hence these derivatives are treated accounting wise, as trading derivatives that is, with fluctuations in the fair value of these derivatives recognized within comprehensive financial result.

In the case of hedges with options on futures or combinations of these options, which are designated and qualifying under hedge accounting models, the premiums paid and received through these derivative financial instruments are initially recognized as assets within derivative financial instruments in the consolidated balance sheet, with subsequent changes in their fair values recognized in the comprehensive financial result in the case of fair value hedges, while under cash flow hedge model, these changes are recognized within other comprehensive income (OCI).

The Company has an investment risk and hedge committee that analyzes the Company’s risk.

F-27

v)Income taxes (income tax (IT), flat rate business tax (IETU)), and employee statutory profit sharing (ESPS)-

IT, IETU and ESPS payable for the year are determined in conformity with the tax provisions in effect according to the income tax law applicable to each subsidiary.

Consolidated deferred income taxes represents the addition of the amounts determined in each subsidiary by applying the enacted statutory tax. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities to different tax jurisdictions are not offset.

Deferred IT and deferred ESPS (for the Mexican subsidiaries), are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax and ESPS assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, according to the income tax law applicable to each subsidiary and in the case of IT, for tax loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax and ESPS assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax and ESPS assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income during the period that includes the enactment date.following:

 

w)·Cumulative currency translation effect-Date of execution;
·Number of tons sold;
·Harvest, State and the harvest’s agricultural cycle;
·Price per ton plus quality premium or penalty based on the following formula:

 

Cumulative currency translation representsAgricultural agreements that lead to firm commitments are related to two corn and/or sorghum cycles and to the difference resulting from the translationcontracting of the figures from the functional currency of foreign operations into the reporting currency.purchases; both cycles and contracting dates are detailed below:

 

x)·Net income per share-

Net income per share has been computed based on controlling interest net income and on the weighted average number of shares outstanding, as established in Bulletin B-14 “Profit per Share”.

F-28

y)Financial information by segments-

FRS B-5, “Financial Information by Segments”, establishes the rules for disclosing financial information by segment.

Financial information by segment is prepared based on a management’s approach, in conformity with FRS B-5, considering a segment to be an operating component that is subject to risks and benefits that are different from other business segments. Beginning 2011, geographic operating segments are also considered (see note 21).

z)Reclassifications-

Certain captions shown in the 2010 financial statements as originally issued have been reclassified for uniformity of presentation with the 2011 financial statements. The changes in these reclassifications were recognized retrospectively at December 31, 2010 and 2009, in conformity with Mex FRS B-1. (see note 3)

aa)Convenience translation-

United States thousands dollars amounts as shown in the accompanying consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2011, as well as in the consolidated statements of income and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2011 have been included solely for the convenience of the reader and are translated from pesos to US dollars as a matter of arithmetic computation only, at an exchange rate of $13.97 to one U.S. dollar, which was the exchange rate at December 31, 2011. Such translation should not be construed as a representation that the peso amounts could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars at this rate.

(3)New accounting pronouncements-

The FRS, and improvements mentioned below, issued by the Mexican Board of Financial Reporting Standards (Consejo Mexicano de Normas de Informacion Financiera or CINIF) became effective for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2011, with the respective prospective or retrospective application being specified in each case.

F-29

(a)FRS C-4 “Inventories”-FRS C-4 is effective beginning January 1, 2011 with retrospective application, supersedes Bulletin C-4 and establishes new valuation, presentation and disclosure rulesFall / Winter Cycle – ASERCA, at its discretion, determines the registration desk period, which normally runs from December to March, while the harvest period for initial and subsequent recognitionthe Fall / Winter cycle occurs in the months of inventoriesMay through July. However, the corn and/or sorghum harvest period may extend from one to several months, depending on the statement of financial position. The principal changes areclimatic conditions such as follows:droughts and frosts.

 

·FRS C-4 eliminates: a) direct costSpring / Summer Cycle – ASERCA, at its discretion, determines the registration desk period, which normally runs from July to August while the harvest time varies depending on the specific State.

The risk being hedged is for exposure from changes in the fair value by fixing the price of corn and/or sorghum purchases that may cause potential losses by not taking advantage, as applicable, of lower corn and/or sorghum prices at the date of purchase of the physical product.

The Company conducts effectiveness tests at the beginning and at least on a quarterly basis using a specific methodology for each test. Effectiveness tests are conducted for hedging relationships for put options the Company acquires from ASERCA. These methodologies are described below. Each only distinguishes changes in the price of corn below the strike price agreed in the put option.

Prospective effectiveness tests

For this test, it is proven that the hedging relationship being set operates properly prior to it being established. Basically, the test consists of performing a linear regression on the put option profits that would be obtained at the expiration date (explanatory or independent variable) against the losses sustained from the primary position, which are defined as losses arising from the fall of the corn spot price.

The test is deemed highly effective and therefore, the implementation of the hedging relationship is feasible, where:

The R2 of the linear regression is equal to or greater than 0.8
The correlation in the linear regression is 0.8 or greater
The slope m lies within the [0.8, 1.25] interval.

Failure to meet any these conditions indicates that the test is not effective and the hedging relationship may not be established.

The retrospective effectiveness test is performed at least quarterly and only after the hedging relationship has been established, not at the beginning. The test is performed following the methodology known as “Dollar Offset”, which changes in the value of the put option are compared to changes in the value of the accumulated primary position through an index. This index is computed as follows:

The absolute value of the “Dollar Offset” (DO) index should always fall within the [0.8, 1.25] range. In this case, the test and, therefore, the hedging relationship, are deemed effective and so the latter may continue.

In cases where the absolute value is not within such range, the test is not deemed effective and the hedging relationship designated in that moment.

At December 31, 2012, there were no open positions of long put hedge options with ASERCA.

Regarding commodity price risk, for derivative instruments that are not designated in a hedging relationship, the Company performs sensitivity analysis on the corn and soybean future contracts, considering different scenarios (bullish and bearish). These results are shown in Note 5 b). In case of structured commodity derivatives, that contains options (traded with Cargill), the Company does not perform a sensitivity analysis on the volatility factor.

d)Currency risk

Interest on borrowings is denominated in currencies that match the cash flows generated by the underlying operations of the Company, primarily pesos, but also euro and dollars. This provides an economic hedge without derivatives.

Exposure to currency risk

Below is the company's exposure to currency risk, based on notional amounts:

  January 1,  December 31, 
  2011  2011  2012 
Asets            
Cash and cash equivalents $357,933   232,211   362,905 
Primary financial instruments  106,466   375,648   380,036 
Accounts receivables  -   391,857   473,245 
Other accounts  6,926   315,037   191,071 
Advances to supliers  170,170   602,912   502,585 
             
   641,495   1,917,665   1,909,842 
             
Liabilities            
Accounts payables  (770,931)  (1,668,025)  (1,715,893)
Other accounts  -   (157,110)  (150,529)
Short term debt  -   (1,047,750)  (643,000)
             
Net liability position $(129,436)  (955,220)  (599,580)

The following significant exchange rates applied during the year:

  Average exchange rate  Spot exchange rate as the date of
the consolidated financial statements
 
  2011  2012  January
1, 2011
  2011  2012 
USD $12.43   13.16   12.37   13.97   12.87 

The exchange rate as of reporting date is $12.08.

In this regard the Company does not perform sensitivity analysis in order to measure the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in the asset an liabilities described.

e)Interest rate risk

Fluctuations in interest rates mainly impact loans by changing either their fair value (fixed-rate debt) or their future cash flows (variable-interest debt). Management lacks a formal policy for determining how much of the Company’s exposure should be at fixed or variable rate. However, on getting new loans, management uses is judgment for deciding if a fixed or a variable rate would be more favorable for the Company, considering the original term of the loan, through its maturity.

The Company only made sensibility´s analysis.

f)Fair value versus carrying amounts

The fair values of financial assets and liabilities, together with the carrying amounts shown in the statement of financial position, are as follows:

        December 31, 
  Carrying
amount
  Fair value  Carrying  Fair  Carrying  Fair 
  January
1, 2011
  January
1, 2011
  amount
2011
  value
2011
  amount
2012
  Value
2012
 
Assets recorded at fair value                        
Investments designated at fair value through profit or loss $3,618,522   3,618,522   2,520,071   2,520,071   3,509,995   3,509,995 
Exchange rate derivative instruments at fair value through profit or loss  (18)  (18)  1,344   1,344   -   - 
Interest rate derivative instruments classified held-for-trading  -   -   -   -   152   152 
Commodities derivative instruments at fair value through profit or loss  7,114   7,114   1,034   1,034   2,786   2,786 
Commodities derivative instruments held-for-hedging  5,801   5,801   7,829   7,829   -   - 
  $3,631,419   3,631,419   2,530,278   2,530,278   3,512,993   3,512,993 
        December 31, 
  Carrying
amount
  Fair
value
  Carrying  Fair  Carrying  Fair 
  January
1, 2011
  January
1, 2011
  amount
2011
  value
2011
  amount
2012
  value
2012
 
Assets recorded at amortized cost                        
Held-to maturity investments $36,725   36,725   42,352   42,352   38,958   38,958 
  $36,725   36,725   42,352   42,352   38,958   38,958 
Liabilities recorded at fair value                        
Commodities derivative instruments at fair value through profit or loss $-   -   (769)  (769)  (1,332)  (1,332)
  $-   -   (769)  (769)  (1,332)  (1,332)
Liabilities recorded at amortized cost                        
Secured bank loans $646,920   646,920   1,837,363   1,837,363   1,223,658   1,223,658 
Senior bonds issuance  -   -   -   -   1,500,000   1,507,562 
Trade payable and other accounts payable  1,966,014   1,966,014   2,921,441   2,921,441   3,445,247   3,445,247 
  $2,612,934   2,612,934   4,758,804   4,758,804   6,168,905   6,176,639 

Investments designated at fair value through profit or loss includes cash of $38,431 included in the investment portfolio.

g)Fair value hierarchy

The table below analyses financial instruments carried at fair value, by the levels in the fair value hierarchy. The Company adopted the early exemption of IFRS 1, which exempts the entity from providing comparative information.

The different levels have been defined as follows:

·Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

·Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as a valuation system and, b) the inventory cost formula (formerly method) referred to as Last In – First Out (LIFO)prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

 

·Inventory cost can only written down underLevel 3: inputs for the baseasset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

  Level 1  Level 2  Level 3  Total 
At December 31, 2012                
Investments in primary instruments at fair value through profit or loss $-   3,509,995   -   3,509,995 
Exchange rate derivative instruments at fair value through profit or loss  -   -   -   - 
Interest rate derivative instruments  -   152   -   152 
Commodities derivative instruments at fair value through profit or loss  2,549   -   -   2,549 
Commodities derivative instruments at fair value through profit or loss  -   (1,332)  -   (1,332)
  $2,549   3,508,815   -   3,511,364 

Investments designated at fair value through profit or loss includes cash of $38,431 included in the investment port folio.

(11)Account receivables, net

As of January 1, 2011, December 31, 2011 and 2012, trade and other receivables breakdown is as follows:

  January  December 31, 
  1, 2011  2011  2012 
          
Trade receivables $996,263   1,545,632   1,788,320 
Allowance for doubtful accounts  (32,990)  (38,537)  (46,681)
Other receivables (Value added tax and other recoverable taxes)  473,228   728,057   478,999 
  $1,436,501   2,235,152   2,220,638 

Note 10 disclose the Company’s exposure to credit and exchange risks related to trade and other accounts receivable.

(12)Inventories

As of January 1, 2011, December 31, 2011 and 2012, inventories breakdown is as follows:

  January 1,  December 31, 
  2011  2011  2012 
          
Raw materials and sub-products (net of $27,940 and $25,740 reserve as at December 31, 2011 and 2012) $1,523,690   1,883,163   2,751,718 
Medicine, materials and spare parts  452,373   487,178   640,953 
Finished feed  60,405   83,601   292,056 
   2,036,468   2,453,942   3,684,727 
Inventories:            
Live chicken  877,654   1,383,769   1,307,744 
Processed chicken (net of $30,203 reserve as at December 31, 2011)  250,904   670,890   728,258 
Commercial eggs  22,094   27,498   46,341 
Beef  4,463   13,658   17,090 
Turkey  20,186   12,598   37,812 
Value added products  -   -   7,865 
   1,175,301   2,108,413   2,145,110 
Total $3,211,769   4,562,355   5,829,837 

The change in the historical cost of biological assets measured at fair value corresponded to an increase of $2,558 and $19,331 in 2011 and 2012, respectively.

(13)Biological assets

As of January 1, 2011, December 31, 2011 and 2012, biological assets breakdown is as follows:

  Current
Biological
Assets
  Non-current
Biological
Assets
  Total 
Balance at January 1, 2011 $153,993   750,288   904,281 
Increase due to purchases  66,460   262,479   328,939 
Decrease for sales  (888)  (20,561)  (21,449)
Increase due to births  186,176   -   186,176 
Manufacturing cost  1,754,845   808,698   2,563,543 
Depreciation  -   (771,262)  (771,262)
Transferred to inventories  (1,943,232)  -   (1,943,232)
Balance at December 31, 2011 $217,354   1,029,642   1,246,996 
             
Balance at January 1, 2012 $217,354   1,029,642   1,246,996 
Increase due to purchases  38,123   207,230   245,353 
Decrease for sales  (7,166)  (325,116)  (332,282)
Increase due to births  257,261   -   257,261 
Manufacturing cost  2,546,129   1,067,717   3,613,846 
Depreciation  -   (861,339)  (861,339)
Transferred to inventories  (2,782,841)  -   (2,782,841)
Other  (2,378)  (12,014)  (14,392)
Balance at December 31, 2012 $266,482   1,106,120   1,372,602 

Biological assets (current) are comprised of incubatable eggs and breeder pigs; while biological assets (non-current) are comprised of hens in production, laying and breeder hens and pigs breeding stock.

The Company is exposed to the following risks relating to its biological assets:

·Future excesses in the offer of net realizable value.poultry products and the decline in demand growth of the chicken industry may negatively affect the Company’s results.

 

·For inventories acquired on an installment payment basis,Increases in raw material prices and price volatility may negatively affect the difference between the purchase price under normal credit conditionsCompany’s margins and the amount paid must be recognized as financial cost during the financing period.results.

 

·Under certain circumstances, estimatesIn addition, in the case of impairment losses on inventories recognized in a prior periodthe U.S. operations, the cost of corn grain may be deducted or charged off against results of income for the period in which such modifications occur.

·Items whose benefits and risks have already been transferred to the entity must be recognized as inventories; therefore, prepayments are not part of inventory.

Accounting changes resulting from the initial application of this standard were recognized retrospectively, affecting the financial statements as follows:

December 31, 2010 

Previously reported

amounts

  

Accounting

change

  

Adjusted

amounts

 
          
Inventories, net $3,577,929  $(366,160) $3,211,769 
             
December 31, 2009            
             
Inventories, net $3,613,212  $(567,458) $3,045,754 

F-30

(b)FRS C-5 “Prepayments”–FRS C-5 is effective beginning January 1, 2011, with retrospective application, supersedes Bulletin C.5, and includes primarily the following changes:

·Advances for purchase of inventories (current assets) or property, plant and equipment and intangible assets (non-current assets), among others, must be reported under prepayments provided the benefits and risks inherentaffected by an increase in the assets to be acquired ordemand for ethanol, which may reduce the services to be received have not yet been transferred to the entity. Furthermore, prepaid expenses must be reported based on the nature of the item to be acquired, either under current assets or non-current assets.

·Among other things, the following must be disclosed in notes to financial statements: breakdown of prepayments, accounting policies for recognition and impairment losses, as well as relevant reversal of impairments.

Accounting changes resulting from the initial application of this standard were recognized retrospectively, affecting the financial statements as follows:

December 31, 2010 

Previously reported

amounts

  

Accounting

change

  

Adjusted

amounts

 
          
Prepayments and other non-current assets (from inventory) $138,954  $366,160  $505,114 
             
Property, plant and equipment, net $10,587,321  $(43,290) $10,544,031 
             
Other non-current assets (from property, plant and equipment) $21,593  $43,290  $64,883 

F-31

December 31, 2009 

Previously reported

amounts

  

Accounting

change

  

Adjusted

amounts

 
          
Prepayments and other non-current assets (from inventory) $155,219  $567,458  $722,677 
             
Property, plant and equipment, net $10,910,126  $(44,144) $10,865,982 
             
Other non-current assets (from property, plant and equipment) $20,096  $44,144  $64,240 

(c)FRS C-6 “Property, plant and equipment”- FRS C-6 is effective beginning January 1, 2011. The accounting changes resulting from the initial application of this FRS must be prospectively recognized. The principal changes with respect to the superseded Bulletin include the following:market’s available corn inventory.

 

·The bases for determination of the residual value of a componentMexico and U.S. operations are added.based on animal breeding and meat processing, which are subject to sanitary risks and natural disasters.

 

·The requirementHurricanes and other adverse climate conditions may result in additional inventory losses and damage to assign an appraised value to property, plantthe Company’s installations and equipment acquired at no cost or at an inadequate cost is eliminated.equipment.

 

·(14)DepreciationPrepaid expenses and other current assets

As of January 1, 2011, December 31, 2011 and 2012, prepaid expenses and other current assets breakdown is as follows:

  January 1,  December 31, 
  2011  2011  2012 
          
Advances to suppliers of inventories $366,160   515,672   505,667 
Prepayments – Services  43,240   125,158   240,706 
Other receivables  77,753   72,043   79,999 
Prepayments- Insurance and financial guarantee  17,961   39,277   42,506 
             
Total $505,114   752,150   868,878 
(15)Assets available for components representative of a property,sale

As of January 1, 2011, December 31, 2011 and 2012, assets available for sale breakdown is as follows:

The balance of non-current assets available for sale is mainly comprised of assets foreclosed by the Company when certain accounts receivable are not settled by the customers, as well as an aircraft that was included in the acquisition of OK Industries in 2011 and sold in 2012. This caption includes a wide variety of assets, which are recorded based on the fair value of the asset in question, supported by appraisals made of such assets. If the asset cannot be measured reliably, the acquisition cost is measured at the net carrying amount of the related asset.

  January 1,  December 31, 
  2011  2011  2012 
          
Buildings $17,731   19,508   18,502 
Land  20,621   25,904   30,361 
Aircraft  -   48,895   - 
Others  1,870   1,340   2,644 
Total $40,222   95,647   51,507 
(16)Property, plant and equipment itemequipment-

As of January 1, 2011, December 31, 2011 and 2012, property, plant and equipment is comprised as follows.

Deemed cost Balance at
January 1,
2011
  Additions  Business
combinations
  Disposals  Currency
translation
effect
  Balance at
December
31, 2011
 
Land $948,036   13,582   74,647   (3,204)  1,278   1,034,339 
Buildings and constructions  8,353,164   184,845   803,776   (1,147)  22,186   9,362,824 
Machinery and equipment  7,687,734   379,330   743,474   (23,035)  19,897   8,807,400 
Transportation equipment  1,158,660   93,576   55,603   (44,829)  1,580   1,264,590 
Computer equipment  120,108   26,472   8,258   (22,341)  235   132,732 
Furniture  126,241   9,728   6,726   (8,081)  175   134,789 
Leasehold improvements  27,856   -   -   -   -   27,856 
Construction in progress  279,604   -   -   (27,979)  -   251,625 
Total $18,701,403   707,533   1,692,484   (130,616)  45,351   21,016,155 

Accumulated depreciation Balance at
January 1 2011
  Depreciation for
the year
  Balance at
December 31, 2011
 
Buildings and constructions $(3,906,771)  (270,113)  (4,176,884)
Machinery and equipment  (3,417,695)  (355,386)  (3,773,081)
Transportation equipment  (638,109)  (109,580)  (747,689)
Computer equipment  (109,103)  (3,349)  (112,452)
Furniture  (85,694)  (7,410)  (93,104)
Total $(8,157,372)  (745,837)  (8,903,210)
Deemed cost Balance at
January 1,
2012
  Additions  Disposals  Currency
translation
effect
  Balance at
December 31,
2012
 
Land $1,034,339   25,722   -   (3,916)  1,056,145 
Buildings and constructions  9,362,824   103,998   (1,727)  (67,973)  9,397,122 
Machinery and equipment  8,807,400   415,116   (84,521)  (56,335)  9,081,660 
Transportation equipment  1,264,590   66,565   (159,845)  (989)  1,170,321 
Computer equipment  132,732   6,226   (67)  (719)  138,172 
Furniture  134,789   12,023   (607)  (536)  145,669 
Leasehold improvements  27,856   10,985   -   -   38,841 
Construction in progress  251,625   311,125   -   -   562,750 
Total $21,016,155   951,760   (246,767)  (130,468)  21,590,680 

Accumulated depreciation Balance at
January 1,
2012
  Depreciation for
the year
  Disposals  Balance at
December 31,
2012
 
Buildings and constructions $(4,176,884)  (256,796)  12,795   (4,420,885)
Machinery and equipment  (3,773,081)  (469,250)  18,881   (4,223,450)
Transportation equipment  (747,689)  (93,734)  67,597   (773,826)
Computer equipment  (112,452)  (9,430)  129   (121,753)
Furniture  (93,104)  (8,602)  456   (101,250)
Total $(8,903,210)  (837,807)  99,858   (9,641,164)
Carrying amounts Balance at
January 1,
2011
  Balance at
December 31,
2011
  Balance at
December 31,
2012
 
Land $948,036   1,034,339   1,056,145 
Buildings and constructions  4,446,393   5,185,940   4,976,237 
Machinery and equipment  4,270,039   5,034,319   4,858,210 
Transportation equipment  520,551   516,901   396,495 
Computer equipment  11,005   20,280   16,419 
Furniture  40,547   41,685   44,419 
Leasehold improvements  27,856   27,856   38,841 
Construction in progress  279,604   251,625   562,750 
Total $10,544,031   12,112,945   11,949,516 

Depreciation expense at December 31, 2011 and 2012 was for $745,837 and $837,807 respectively, which were charged to cost of sales and operating expenses.

(17)Other non-current assets

The other non-current assets consist of the following:

  January 1,  December 31, 
  2011  2011  2012 
          
Advances for purchase of fixed assets $43,290   185,091   131,561 
Investments in life insurance (note 3 (k))  -   119,792   115,502 
Investment in associate company (note 3 (k))  -   38,020   35,026 
Others  21,594   21,734   19,822 
             
Total of other non-current assets $64,884   364,637   301,911 

(18)Financial debt

Major borrowings are secured by guaranties, according to contractual obligations incurred.

Note 10 discloses the carrying amount and the fair value of loan borrowings.

a)Short-term financial debt breakdown is mandatory, independentlyas follows:

  January, 1  December 31, 
  2011  2011  2012 
          
Denominated in USD for an amount of 75,000 USD, maturing in October 2012, at LIBOR (3) rate plus 0.60 points. Bachoco is guarantor of this debt. $-   1,047,750   - 
Denominated in USD for an amount of 20,000 USD, maturing in April 2013, at LIBOR (3) rate plus 0.84 points. Bachoco is guarantor of this debt.  -   -   257,400 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in January 2012, at TIIE (1)  plus 0.85 points.  -   200,000   - 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in January 2013, at TIIE (1)  plus 0.60 points.  -   -   200,000 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in August 2012, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) plus 0.50 points.  -   30,000   - 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in December 2013, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) plus 0.88 points.  -   -   59,368 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in December 2013, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) plus 0.89 points.  -   -   82,628 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in November 2013, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) plus 0.70 points.  -   -   96,000 
Credit denominated in USD for an amount of 30,000 USD, maturing in June 2013, at LIBOR (3) rate plus 1.62 points.  -   -   386,100 
Total short term debt $-   1,277,750   1,081,496 

Weighted average interest rate on short-term debt for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012 was 5.53 % and 4.97%, respectively.

The average interest rate on short-term bank loans for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012, was 5.48% and 4.68%, respectively.

The weighted average interest rate on dollars short-term for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012, was 0.8702% and 1.06%, respectively.

(1)TIIE= Interbank Equilibrium Rate (by its Spanish acronym)
(2)FIRA= Agriculture trust (Fideicomiso Instituido en Relación con la Agricultura by its Spanish acronym)
(3)Libor= London InterBank Offered Rate
b)Long-term debt, consist of the depreciationfollowing:

  January 1,  December 31, 
  2011  2011  2012 
          
Denominated in pesos, maturing in June 2016, at TIIE (1) rate plus 1 points (3). $-   360,000   - 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in 2013, at TIIE (1) rate plus 0.60 points.  -   87,500   37,500 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in 2015 and 2016, at TIIE (1) plus 1.00 points.  -   47,579   34,449 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in December 2013, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) rates less 1.00 point.  38,133   26,400   14,667 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in April 2015, at TIIE (1) rate plus 0.95 points (3).  23,617   18,621   - 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in April 2012 and June 2013, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) rates less 1.10 points and 0.875 points (3).  30,720   17,390   - 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in March 2014, at TIIE (1) rate plus 2 points (3).  2,957   2,123   - 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in July 2015, at TIIE (1) plus 1.50 points (3).  250,000   -   - 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in April 2015, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) rates plus 1.90 points (3).  250,000   -   - 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in June 2015, at TIIE (1) rate plus 2.50 points (3).  38,993   -   - 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in June 2011, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) rates plus 2 points.  12,500   -   - 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in January 2014, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) rates minus 0.55 points.  -   -   55, 546 
Total  646,920   559,613   142, 162 
Senior bonds issuance (subsection (d) of this note)  -   -   1,500,000 
Less current installments  (139,867)  (175,243)  (115,560)
Long-term debt, excluding current installments $507,053   384,370   1,526,602 

Weighted average interest rate on long-term debt, excluding the issuance of senior bonds for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012 was 5.58% and 5.40%, respectively.

The average interest rate of the long-term debt, excluding the issuance of senior bonds, for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012 was 6.17%, and 5.43%, respectively.

(1) TIIE = Interbank Equilibrium Rate (by Spanish acronym)

(2) FIRA = Agriculture trust (Fideicomiso Instituido en Relación con la Agricultura by its Spanish acronym)

(3) In 2011 and 2012, the Company made prepayments of long-tern debt of $538,993 and $398,134 respectively, without being required to pay early termination fee.

At December 31, 2011 and 2012, unused lines of credit amounted to $2,257,870 and $2,664,911, respectively. In 2011 and 2012, the Company did not pay any fee for unused lines of credit.

c)Maturities of long-term debt, excluding current maturities, as of December 31, 2012, are as follows:

Year Amount 
2014 $16,392 
2015  7,720 
2016  2,490 
2017  1,500,000 
  $1,526,602 

Interest expense on loans during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012, amounted to $40,687 and $71,005, respectively.

Bank loans establish certain affirmative and negative covenants. As of December 31, 2012 and the date of the consolidated financial statements, the Company was in compliance with all these covenants, for which the most important are the following:

a)Deliver of financial information at the rest of the item as if it were a single component.bank requirement.

 

·b)Depreciation of idle components must continue, unless depreciation is determined based on the activity.Not contracting liabilities with financial cost or granting loans that could affect payment obligations.

 

(d)c)2011 FRS Improvements-

In December 2010, the CINIF issued the document referred to as “2011 FRS Improvements”, which contains precise modifications to some FRS. The modifications that bring about accounting changes are listed below:

F-32

·FRS B-1 “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections”-FRS B-1 requiresNotify the presentationbank regarding the existence of legal issues that could substantially affect the financial situation of the initial statement of financial position when there are retrospective adjustments, as well as the presentation in the statement of changes in stockholders’ equity of previously reported initial balances, the effects of retrospective application and restated initial balances. These improvements were effective beginning January 1, 2011 and were retrospectively applicable.Company.

 

·d)FRS B-2 “StatementSubstantial changes to the nature of cash flows”-The requirement to present in the statement of cash flowsbusiness, or the line item “cash surplus to be applied in financing activities or, cash to be obtained from financing activities” is eliminated and is left at a recommendation level. This revision was effective for fiscal years beginning January 1, 2011 and was retrospectively applicable.administrative structure are not permitted.

 

·e)Bulletin C-3 “Accounts receivable” -Interest income on accounts receivableReductions of capital stock in excess to a 10% of the assets is recognized when accrued, provided the relevant amount is reliably determined and likely to be recovered. Furthermore, it is provided that interest income on accounts receivable unlikely to be recovered must not be recognized. These improvements are effective beginning January 1, 2011 and are prospectively applicable.permitted.

 

·d)FRS C-10 “Derivative financial instrumentsDebt by issuing Securities Certificates

On August 28, 2012, the Company was authorized to make an issue of senior bonds for a total authorized amount of the program of $5,000,000 pesos or its equivalent in UDIS, on a revolving program period of five years from the date of authorization letter of the CNBV. The initial issue dated August 31, 2012 was for $1,500,000 pesos with ticker: "BACHOCO 12" for a period of 1,820 days, equivalent to 65 periods of 28 days, approximately five years. For a total senior bonds of 15,000,000, and a face value of $100 pesos each.

From the date of issue, and while the senior bonds have not been amortized, will accrue annual gross interest on their face value, at a yearly interest rate, which is calculated by adding 0.60 (zero point sixty) percentage points to the TIIE to within 28 days and in case of non-publication TIIE 28-day TIIE be used to nearer term, released by the Bank of Mexico. The Common Representative will calculate two business days prior to the beginning of each interest period of 28 days, according to the payment schedule, computed from the date of issue or at the beginning of each interest period and governed precisely during this period of interest.

Amortization of senior bonds will be at the deadline for the term of issue.

Senior bonds-related cost are capitalized to the debt and amortized through earnings by using the effective interest method through the maturity of each transaction. Such related cost includes commissions and professional fees.

(19)Trade payable and hedging activities” –other accounts payable

 January 1,  

December 31,

 
  2011  2011  2012 
Trade payable $1,572,292   2,326,779   2,838,500 
Sundry creditors  35,963   218,458   256,132 
Expense payable  148,357   158,461   142,799 
Advance from costumers  66,189   71,212   54,590 
IMSS (1)  35,073   35,453   36,419 
INFONAVIT (2)  30,743   32,552   34,459 
Employee statutory profit sharing  37,921   26,234   30,849 
Employment taxes  21,277   24,044   25,897 
Salaries payable  4,924   9,168   10,755 
SAR (3)  6,266   6,416   6,434 
Tax payable  6,520   6,349   7,528 
Interest payable  489   6,315   883 
             
  $1,966,014   2,921,441   3,445,245 

(1)IMSS (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social by its Spanish acronym): Contributions are made ​​by the Company and employees in accordance with applicable regulations. The improvementsCompany is required to this new FRS are effective beginning January 1, 2011, with retrospective application. The principal improvements include the following:pay a monthly contribution.

 

·(2)Certain effectsINFONAVIT (Instituto del Fondo Nacional de la Vivienda para los Trabajadores by its Spanish acronym): The Company is required to make contributions to this entity based on the 5% of hedge effectiveness may be excluded.the salaries of employees, subject to certain limits. The Company has a duty to pay this contribution every two months.

 

·(3)An intra-group transaction may be recognizedSAR (Sistema de Ahorro para el Retiro by its Spanish acronym): Contributions are made ​​by the Company based on the regulations as hedging only when the functional currenciesa percentage of the related parties are different from each other.worker's salary. The Company has a duty to pay this contribution to the government every two months.

Note 10 discloses the Company’s exposure to exchange and liquidity risks related to trade accounts payable and other accounts payable.

(20)Related party transactions and balances

 

·(a)Reporting of the effect of the hedged interest rate risk is required, when a portfolio portion is the hedged position.Transactions with management

Management remuneration

The following table shows total remuneration paid to our directors and executives for services provided in their respective positions, for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012, which is included in employee costs (see note 23):

  2011  2012 
         
Net compensation $44,472   39,288 

 

·(b)Account margins must be reported separately.Transactions with related parties

 

·In a hedge relationship, a proportion of the total amount of the hedging instrument may be designated as the hedging instrument. The impossibility of designating a hedge relationship for a portion of the term of the hedging instrument is specified.

·FRS C-13 “Related parties”-The definition of “immediate family” is now more specific as it was limited to providing a list of the family members that fell within such definition. This revision was effective for fiscal years beginning January 1, 2011 and was retrospectively applicable.

(4)Cash and cash equivalents-

Consolidated cashA summary of related party balance and cash equivalentstransactions as of December 31, 20102011 and 2011 consist of:

2012 is as follows:

 

  2010  2011 
       
Cash and bank accounts $513,076  $472,318 
Available on-demand investments (note 13b)  3,445,899   2,151,702 
Unrestricted cash and cash equivalents  3,958,975   2,624,020 
         
Restricted cash  8,899   1,641 
         
Total cash and cash equivalents $3,967,874  $2,625,661 

Restricted cash corresponds to margin calls to cover future derivative commitments, due to adverse market movements associated with the underlying prices for which the Company had an open position as of December 31, 2010 and 2011.(i) Revenue

 

(5)Trade receivables, net-
  Transaction value 
  2011  2012 
Sells products to:        
Vimifos S.A de C.V. $24,314   38,664 
Frescopack S.A de C.V  8   20 
Maquinaria Agrícola, S.A. de C.V.  21   - 
Llantas y Accesorios, S.A. de C.V.  125   50 
Autos y Accesorios, S.A. de C.V.  500   448 
Alfonso R. Bours, S.A. de C.V.  29   29 
Taxis Aéreos del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V.  28   19 
  $25,025   39,230 

Trade receivables at December 31, 2010(ii)Expenses and 2011 amounting $963,273 and $1,507,095, respectively, are shown net of an allowance of doubtful accounts of $32,990 and $38,537, respectively.payables to related parties

 

F-34

(6)Related parties-

a)A summary of related party accounts payable as of December 31, 2010 and 2011 is as follows:

  2010  2011 
Vimifos, S.A. de C.V. $43,051  $47,564 
Frescopack, S.A. de C.V.  6,670   18,609 
Maquinaria Agrícola, S.A. de C.V.  7,973   8,566 
Llantas y Accesorios, S.A. de C.V.  1,144   3,270 
Autos y Accesorios, S.A. de C.V.  678   422 
Autos y Tractores de Culiacán, S.A. de C.V.  1,025   41 
Camiones y Tractocamiones de Sonora, S.A. de C.V.  67   37 
Alfonso R. Bours, S.A. de C.V.  52   34 
Distribuidora Automotriz de los Mochis, S.A. de C.V.  213   - 
  $60,873  $78,543 
  Transaction value year
ended December 31,
  Balance at 
     January  December 31, 
  2011  2012  1, 2011  2011  2012 
Purchases of feed, raw materials and packing supplies                    
Vimifos, S.A. de C.V. $347,062  $467,499  $43,051  $47,564  $42,855 
Frescopack, S.A. de C.V.  119,950   129,119   6,670   18,609   22,766 
Pulmex 2000, S.A. de C.V.  10,302   11,844   -   -   - 
Qualyplast, S.A. de C.V.  6   44   -   -   - 
Purchases of vehicles, tires and spare parts                    
Maquinaria Agrícola,
S.A. de C.V.
 $69,205  $62,035   7,973   8,566   8,529 
Llantas y Accesorios,
S.A. de C.V.
  21,640   27,282   1,144   3,270   4,724 
Autos y Accesorios,
S.A. de C.V.
  24,995   19,815   678   422   4,055 
Autos y Tractores de Culiacán, S.A. de C,V.  23,207   18,026   1,025   41   5,026 
Camiones y Tractocamiones de Sonora, S.A. de C.V.  3,333   1,647   67   37   15 
Agencia MX-5 S.A de C.V.  -   397   -   -   - 
Alfonso R. Bours,
S.A. de C.V.
  767   568   52   34   69 
Distribuidora Automotriz de los Mochis, S.A. de C. V.  2,135   -   213   -   - 
Airplane leasing expenses                    
Taxis Aéreos del Noroeste,
S.A. de C.V.
 $10,063   10,137   -   -   - 
          $60,873  $78,543  $88,039 

 

At January 1, 2011, December 31, 20102011 and 2011,2012, balances due to related parties correspond to unsecured current accounts denominated in pesos that bear no interest and are payable in short-term basis.basis without warranties.

b)For the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, the Company had the following transactions with related parties:

Purchases of feed, raw materials and packing
supplies
 2009  2010  2011 
          
Vimifos, S.A. de C.V. $261,385  $215,967  $347,062 
Frescopack, S.A. de C.V.  136,609   113,229   119,950 
Pulmex 2000, S.A. de C.V.  17,307   10,896   10,302 
Qualyplast, S.A. de C.V.  21   19   6 

Purchases of vehicles, tires and spare parts 2009  2010  2011 
          
Maquinaria Agrícola, S.A. de C.V. $56,502  $64,546  $69,205 
Autos y Accesorios, S.A. de C.V.  11,849   13,371   24,995 
Autos y Tractores de Culiacán, S.A. de C.V.  19,555   16,551   23,207 
Llantas y Accesorios, S.A. de C.V.  30,848   32,775   21,640 
Camiones y Tractocamiones de Sonora, S.A. de C.V.  8,391   338   3,333 
Distribuidora Automotriz de los Mochis, S.A. de C.V.  11,093   7,635   2,135 
Alfonso R. Bours, S.A. de C.V.  847   931   767 

Airplane leasing expenses 2009  2010  2011 
             
Taxis Aéreos del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V. $9,810  $8,866  $10,063 

Purchases transactions with related parties are made at market prices, which are similar to those that would have been used in arms-length transactions.

(7)Inventories and biological assets-

a)Inventories consist of the following:

  2010  2011 
Raw materials and subproducts (net of $27,940 (2,000 USD) reserve as at December 31, 2011) $1,523,690  $1,913,359 
Medicine, materials and spare parts  452,373   487,178 
Finished feed  60,405   83,601 
   2,036,468   2,484,138 
Agricultural products:        
Live chicken  877,654   1,383,769 
 Processed chicken (net of $30,203 (2,162 USD) reserve as at December 31, 2011)  250,904   670,890 
Commercial egg  22,094   27,498 
Beef  4,463   13,658 
Turkey  20,186   12,598 
   1,175,301   2,108,413 
Total $3,211,769  $4,592,551 

b)Biological assets at December 31, 2010 and 2011 consist of the following:

  2010  2011 
Current biological assets:        
Incubatable eggs $105,873  $128,184 
Breeder pigs  48,120   58,973 
Total current biological assets $153,993  $187,157 
         
Non-current biological assets:        
Hens in production $771,454  $1,014,676 
Laying and breeder hens  282,111   393,811 
Breeder pigs  34,828   41,566 
Allowance for productivity declines  (338,105)  (420,410)
         
Total non-current biological assets $750,288  $1,029,643 

The change in the historical value of biological assets and agricultural products measured at their fair value presented decreases of $7,214, $32,016 in 2009 and 2010, respectively, and an increase of $2,558 in 2011. Such effects were included in the results of income each year.

(8)Prepaid expenses and other current assets-

Prepaid expenses are comprised as follows:

  2010  2011 
         
Advances to suppliers of inventory $366,160  $515,672 
Services  43,240   125,158 
Other receivable  77,753   72,043 
Insurances  17,961   39,277 
         
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets $505,114  $752,150 
(9)Property, plant and equipment-

a)Property, plant and equipment at December 31, 2010 and 2011 consists of the following:

  Useful lives
(years)
  2010  2011 
Buildings and farm structures  20-40  $8,911,833  $9,100,778 
Machinery and equipment  7-15   7,156,921   7,454,119 
Transportation equipment  6   1,158,660   1,107,991 
Office, furniture and equipment  3   246,349   252,170 
       17,473,763   17,915,058 
             
Accumulated depreciation      (8,157,372)  (8,685,319)
       9,316,391   9,229,739 
             
Land      948,036   958,890 
Construction in progress      279,604   251,624 
             
Total     $10,544,031  $10,440,253 

b)Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, amounted to $662,630, $692,640 and $726,061, respectively.

c)As of December 31, 2010, the construction in progress amounting $279,604, has been placed in service in 2011.

d)As of December 31, 2011, the construction in progress amounting $251,624, are expected to be placed in service in 2012.
e)Changes in property, plant and equipment, were as follow:

  Buildings
and farm
structures
  Machinery
and
equipment
  Transport
equipment
  Office,
furniture
and
equipment
  Land  Constructions
in progress
  Total 
                      
Balances at December 31, 2010 $5,005,062   3,739,226   520,551   51,552   948,036   279,604  $10,544,031 
Acquisition  184,845   379,330   93,576   36,200   13,582   -   707,533 
Sale of plant and equipment  (1,147)  (23,035)  (44,829)  (30,422)  (3,204)  (27,979)  (130,616)
Business acquisition  19,501   25,343   100   -   422   -   45,366 
Depreciation  (262,950)  (345,963)  (106,674)  (10,474)  -   -   (726,061)
Balances at December 2011 $4,945,311   3,774,901   462,724   46,856   958,836   251,625  $10,440,253 

(10)Goodwill-

In 1999, goodwill was derived from the purchase of the shares of Campi Alimentos, S.A. de C.V. in the amount of $359,564. At December 31, 2005 (the last year of amortization), accumulated amortization aggregated to $58,716. In 2009, 2010 and 2011, goodwill was not amortized, but subject to impairment test on an annual basis, as a result of the adoption of Mexican FRS B-7“Business Acquisitions” (see note 2n).

(11)Other non-current asset-

Other non-current assets consist of:

  2010  2011 
       
Advances for purchases of property, plant and equipment $43,290  $185,091 
Investment in life insurance contracts (note 1 and 2(o))  -   119,792 
Investment in unconsolidated entity (note 1 and 2(o))  -   38,020 
Others  21,593   21,734 
  $64,883  $364,637 
F-40

(12) Short and long-term debt-

a)Short term debt, as of December 31, consist of the following:

  2010  2011 
Unsecured:        
Denominated in USD for an amount of 75,000 USD, maturing in October 2012, at LIBOR (3) rate plus 0.60 points. Bachoco is guarantor of this debt $-  $1,047,750 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in January 2012, at TIIE (1)  plus 0.85 points (note 22(ii))  -   200,000 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in August 2012, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) plus 0.50 points.  -   30,000 
         
Short term debt $-  $1,277,750 

Weighted average interest rate on unsecured short-term debt at December 31, 2011, was 5.53 %.

The average interest rate on unsecured short-term for the years ended December 31, 2011 was 5.48%.

The weighted average interest rate on dollars unsecured short-term at December 31, 2011 was 0.8702%.

(1)TIIE= Interbank Equilibrium Rate
(2)FIRA= Agriculture trust (Fideicomiso Instituido en Relacion con la Agricultura by its Spanish acronym)
(3)LIBOR= London InterBank Offered Rate

b)Long-term debt, as of December 31, consist of the following:

  2010  2011 
       
Unsecured:        
Denominated in pesos, maturing in June 2016, at TIIE (1) rate plus 1 points. $-  $360,000 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in 2013, at TIIE (1) rate plus 0.60 points.  -   87,500 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in 2015 and 2016, at TIIE (1) plus 1.00 points.  -   47,579 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in December 2013, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) rates less 1.00 point.  38,133   26,400 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in April 2015, at TIIE (1) rate plus 0.95 points.  23,617   18,621 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in April 2012 and June 2013, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) rates less 1.10 points and 0.875 points.  30,720   17,390 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in March 2014, at TIIE (1) rate plus 2 points.  2,957   2,123 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in July 2015, at TIIE (1) plus 1.50 points.  250,000   - 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in April 2015, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) rates plus 1.90 points.  250,000   - 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in June 2015, at TIIE (1) rate plus 2.50 points.  38,993   - 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in June 2011, at TIIE (1) FIRA(2) rates plus 2 points.  12,500   - 
Total  646,920   559,613 
         
Less current installments  (139,867)  (175,243)
         
Long-term debt, excluding current installments $507,053  $384,370 

In 2010 and 2011, the Company made prepayments of long-term debt of $533,750 and $538,993 respectively, without being required to pay early termination fee.

Weighted average interest rate on long-term debt at December 31, 2010 and 2011 was 6.32% and 5.58%, respectively.

The average interest rate of the Company’s total long-term debt for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011 was 6.64%, and 6.17%, respectively.

(1) TIIE = Interbank Equilibrium Rate

(2) FIRA = Agriculture trust (Fideicomiso Instituido en Relación con la Agriculturaby its Spanish acronym)

The weighted average interest rate of the Company´s total debt at December 31, 2010 and 2011 was 6.32% and 5.55%, respectively.

c)At December 31, 2010 and 2011, unused lines of credit amounted to $2,047,839 and $2,257,870, respectively. In 2010 and 2011, the Company did not pay any fee for unused lines of credit

d)Maturities of long-term debt as of December 31, 2011, are as follows:

Year Amount 
    
2013 $154,546 
2014  97,797 
2015  89,537 
2016  42,490 
     
  $384,370 

Interest expense on loans for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, aggregated to $66,989, $52,903, and $40,687, respectively.

Bank loans establish certain affirmative and negative covenants. As of December 31, 2011 and April 30, 2012, the Company was in compliance with all these covenants.

(13-a) Financial Instruments and hedging activities as at December 31, 2010 and 2011-

Derivatives for trading purposes (neither designated nor qualified for hedges accounting treatment)

The Company maintains a portfolio of explicit Financial Derivative Instruments (FDI), which were neither designated nor qualified as hedges under FRS C-10 and, therefore, their related changes in fair value were recognized as valuation effects of financial instruments within Comprehensive Financial Results (CFR), in the results of income.The related fair value amount of the open balance as of December 31, 2010 and 2011, was $(7,096) and $(2,378), respectively, and arose from the derivative instruments, shown on the following pages:

As at December 31, 2010:

OTC1foreign currency option structures and forwards – finance counter-party in private agreements:

Counter-   
party
  Instrument  Underlying4 Notional  Maturity   

Effects on the

results of

operations

CFR/loss (gain)

 
                 
Morgan Stanley  European options3  Exchange rate MXP/USD Several in US$  January 2011  $211 
                 
  Knock out-knock in2  Exchange rate MXP/USD Several in US$  January 2011   (199)
                 
  Forwards  Exchange rate MXP/USD Several in US$  January 2011   19 
                 
Deutsche Bank  Knock in2  Exchange rate MXP/USD $150US  January 2011   (63)
                 
Santander  European options3  Exchange rate MXP/USD Several in US$  January 2011   9 
                 
  Forwards  Exchange rate MXP/USD Several in US$  January 2011   41 
                 
              $18 

 1Over the Counter(OTC): refers to privately agreed operations (outside of the standardized or organized futures & options exchange markets such as CBOT) with other financial or non-financial parties.

2Knock out – knock in: Option combination that hedges up to a certain level of the exchange rate, and from another level of the exchange rate respectively.

3European options: derivative financial instruments under which the buyer has the right or the obligation to buy or sell a certain amount of a underlying asset in the future.

4MXP means Thousands of Mexican Peso and USD means Thousands of U.S. dollars.

Derivatives on prices of farming goods (commodities):

    Effects on
the result of
operations
 
Counter-party Instrument Underlying Maturity CFR/loss
(gain)
 
          
Cargill (OTC) Swaps Corn January-May2011 $(2,868)
           
 Swaps Soy bean January-May2011  (950)
           
New Edge5 American options Corn March 2011  (735)
           
 Futures Corn March 2011  (2,561)
           
    $(7,114)

5New Edge is the broker or the commission agents for the futures or options on the futures, that the Company used to enter into these operation in this listed CBOT market on corn and soybeans forwards. See note 4, collaterals established by the broker for Bachoco.

As at December 31, 2011:

OTC1 foreign currency option structures and forwards – finance counter-party in private agreements:

Effects on
the results of
operations
Counter-
party
InstrumentUnderlying4NotionalMaturityCFR/loss
(gain)
SeveralForwardsExchange rate MXP/USDSeveral in US$January 2012(1,344)
$(1,344)

1Over the Counter (OTC): refers to privately agreed operations (outside of the standardized or organized futures & options exchange markets such as CBOT) with other financial or non-financial parties.
2Knock out – knock in: Option combination that hedges up to a certain level of the exchange rate, and from another level of the exchange rate respectively.
3European options: derivative financial instruments under which the buyer has the right or the obligation to buy or sell a certain amount of a underlying asset in the future.
4MXP means Thousands of Mexican Peso and USD means Thousands of U.S. dollars.

F-47

Derivatives on prices of farming goods (commodities):

        

Effects on

the result of

operations

 
Counter-party Instrument Underlying Maturity 

CFR/loss

(gain)

 
          
Cargill (OTC) Swaps Corn March-May 2012 $(701)
          
  Swaps Soy bean March-May 2012 (342)
          
New Edge5 American options Corn March 2012 (760)
          
Jefferies Bache LLC5 American options Corn March 2012 769 
          
        $(1,034)

On November 1, 2011, the Company acquired OK Industries, Inc. As of this date, this enterprise had in its financial derivative instruments position American options listed at CBOT, these options were acquired through the broker Jefferies Bache. The fair value of those instruments amounted $894 as of this date, and for December 31, 2011 this options amounted a fair value of $769, which represented a gain in option’s fair value of $125 that was recognized in earnings as of December 31, 2011.

5New Edge and / or Jefferies Bache are the brokers or the commission agents for the futures or options on the futures, that the Company used to enter into these operation in this  listed CBOT market on corn and soybeans forwards. See note 4, collaterals established by the broker for Bachoco.

F-48

Derivatives that are designated and qualify for hedging purposes attributable to (i) one or more risks included in identified hedged items which are already recognized on the balance sheet or (ii) associated to risk exposures not yet recognized on the balance sheet.

In regard to the positions on FDI that the Company enters into and that were designated and qualify for hedge accounting purposes on one or more financial risks, its fair value amounted to a total of $5,801 and $7,829 at December 31, 2010 and 2011, respectively. Following are the details on the derivative instruments found accessing special hedge accounting models, their notional dimension, risks and effects, either on the statement of financial position or in the statements of income. The derivatives mentioned below offset the effects of the hedged items within the statement of income, as long as they continue to qualify and be designated for hedge purposes:

Fair value hedge: The Company has entered into a several firm commitments made through contractual agreements with domestic farmers to purchase estimated grain crops denominated in US dollars at a fixed price, which constitute the hedged items. The long position in puts contracted through ASERCA only hedges the risk arising from a decrease in grain prices, set through firm commitments. These put options are designated in hedging relationships under the fair value hedge accounting model. Effective changes in fair value of grain crops associated with firm commitments attributable to price risk are recognized on thestatement of financial position as an asset or a liability until the contracted grain volumes are recognized as inventory. Subsequently, these put options contracted through ASERCA are partly or fully re-designated to hedge any changes in fair value of a portion of the acquired grain inventories in accordance with the fair value hedge accounting model; that is, protecting against falls in grain prices by adjusting the carrying amount of such inventory against cost of sales in the statement of income, and at the same time, the pending effects derived from changes in fair value of the primary position, lodged in current assets or current liabilities during the primary position term, against cost of sales, so as to adjust the inventory cost for the effects as determined by the fair value hedging model.

F-49

Options listed on corn future, effective at December 31, 2010:

           Effective offsetting 
           effects on 
           comprehensive 
Counter-party Instrument  Underlying  Maturity  financial 
           results/loss (gain) 
                 
ASERCA  Puts   Corn   

March and May
2011

  $(5,801)

Options listed on corn future, effective at December 31, 2011:

           Effective offsetting 
       effects on 
 Counter-party  Instrument   Underlying   Maturity  comprehensive 
           financial 
           results/loss (gain) 
                 
ASERCA  Puts   Corn   

March and May

2012

  $(7,829)

Option type of derivatives entered under the ASERCA program are under the modality described in the accounting policy.

Hedging effects on the price of grain associated with firm commitments and grain inventories denominated in the Company’s non-functional currency (USD), that are recognized at their fair value due to the price risk only, under the fair value hedge accounting model.

Due to the acquired 2010 and 2011 grain price variations, the hedging effects arising from the fair value changes linked to the corn & sorghum6 prices, according to the fair value hedge model were recognized in the consolidatedstatement of financial position as a current liability or as an adjustment to the inventory, both with correspondent offsetting effects against the option’s intrinsic value changes within comprehensive financial result in the consolidated statement of income.

6 Sorghum price is not listed in an agriculture exchange, but its price-as feeding substitute for corn (which is negotiated and listed in the CBOT) has a high correlation with the futures prices of corn, therefore, corn prices are usually used as a sound proxy the hedge sorghum related prices exposure.

F-50

At December 31, 2010:

Grain inventories adjusted to fair value hedge7:

Changes in the
fair value of the firm
commitment
Risk covered andrecognized within the
Descriptionsecondary assignedbalance sheet
Firm Commitments with a fix price and USD denominated to sorghum and corn purchases agreementsASERCA Puts that were re-designated as to hedge the fair value of Commodity grain inventories from losing fair value, attributable to lower grain prices$(5,801)

At December 31, 2011:

Grain inventories adjusted to fair value hedge7:

    Changes in the  
    fair value of the firm 
    commitment 
  Risk covered and recognized within the 
Description secondary assigned balance sheet 
      

Firm Commitments with a fix price and USD denominated to sorghum and corn

purchases agreements

 ASERCA Puts that were re-designated as to hedge the fair value of Commodity grain inventories from losing fair value, attributable to lower grain prices

 

 

$(7,829)

7These represent contracts the Company enters into with an unrelated party that can be executed through legal means and specify the amount the Company expects to exchange,    the fixed price, the currency and the transaction schedule, among other important aspects.

F-51

(13-b) Investment in primary financial securities at December 31, 2010 and 2011-

The Company keeps investments in primary financial debt instruments and equity instruments at December 31, 2010 and 2011, both in U.S. dollars and Mexican pesos, as follows:

  2010  2011 
  Book  Fair  Interest8  Book  Fair  Interest8 
For trading9 value  value  rates  value  value  rate 
                   
Mexican peso denominated debt securities                         
Government issued $-   -   -  $112,956   112,956   3.72%
Bank issued  3,150,010   3,150,010   5.01%  1,206,121   1,206,121   4.97%
Commercial paper  31,150   31,150   8.31%  -   -   - 
Repo  203,410   203,410   4.55%  782,732   782,732   4.46%
                         
  $3,384,570   3,384,570      $2,101,809   2,101,809     
                         
U.S. dollars denominated debt securities:                         
Government issued $359   359   0.27% $-   -   - 
Commercial paper  19,121   19,121   6.40%  7,541   7,541   5.88%
   19,480   19,480       7,541   7,541     
                         
Total $3,404,050   3,404,050      $2,109,350   2,109,350     

F-52

  2010  2011 
For trading9  Book  Fair  Interest8  Book  Fair  Interest 8 
maturity over 90 days value  value  rates  value  value  value 
                   
Mexican peso denominated debt securities:                         
Government  issued $32,395   32,395   5.25% $40,231   40,231   3.64%
Cuasi-Governmental  -   -   -   2,096   2,096   5.15%
Commercial paper  70,487   70,487   4.09%  287   287   

 
                         
  $102,882   102,882      $42,614   42,614     
                         
U.S. dollars denominated debt securities:                           
Bank issued $14,593   14,593   5.82% $5,158   5,158   6.50%
Commercial
paper
  91,873   91,873   7.31%  362,949   362,949   6.55%
   106,466   106,466       368,107   368,107     
                         
Total $209,348   209,348      $410,721   410,721     

  2010  2011 
  Book  Fair  Interest8  Book  Fair  Interest 8 
Held to maturity  value   value   rates   value   value   value 
                         
Pesos:                        
Commercial paper $36,725   36,725   4.87% $42,352   42,352   4.80%

  2010  2011 
For trading without maturity: Book 
value
  Fair
 value
  Book
 value
  Fair 
value
 
             
U.S. dollars:                
Equity instruments  5,124   5,124   -   - 
  $5,124   5,124   -   - 

8Average interest rate in the category

9Accrued interest as of December 31, 2010 and 2011 is not reported in this presentation. The total interest earned on primary financial instruments as of that date amounts to $4,691 and 3,102, respectively.

F-53

The Company has diversified its investment portfolio into government, bank, corporate or commercial instruments. These financial instruments have been classified by the Company into two categories: for “trading” and “held-to-maturity” securities under Mex FRS C-2.

As far as the primary financial instruments classified as trading securities are concerned, as of December 31, 2011 the Company’s investment is largely in bank instruments. Ninety-nine percent of this investment is made in recognized national banking institutions, and the term of these investments are three days (52% of the instruments), and twenty eight days (47% of the instruments).

As for held-to-maturity securities, in May 2010, the Company acquired through a voluntary exchange of debt certificates, 485,995 debt certificates issued by Tiendas Comercial Mexicana, S.A. de C.V., maturing in 2016. At the acquisition date, the Company made a decision to classify such certificates as “held-to-maturity securities” in accordance with Mex FRS C-2.

(14) Commitments and contingencies-

a)The Company has entered into operating leases for certain offices, production sites, and automotive and computer equipment. Most leases contain renewal options. These agreements have terms between one and five years. Rental expense under these leases was as follows:

Year ended   
December 31, Amount 
    
2009 $177,292 
2010  197,504 
2011  188,244 

b)There is a contingent liability arising from the labor obligations mentioned in note 2q.

c)The Company is involved in a number of lawsuits and claims arising in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, it is expected that the final outcome of these matters will not have significant adverse effects on the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of income.
d)OK Industries, Inc. (foreign subsidiary) maintains self-insurance programs for health care costs and workers’ compensation. The subsidiary is liable for health care claims up to 350 USD ($4,890) each year per plan participant and workers’ compensation claims up to 600 USD ($8,392) per occurrence. Self-insurance costs are accrued based upon the aggregate of the liability for reported claims and an estimated liability for claims incurred but not reported. The allowance for this concept is booked into the accompanying consolidated statement of financial position within current liabilities and amounting to 3,817 USD ($53,323) at December 31, 2011. The consolidated statement of income includes expenses relating to self-insurance plans of approximately 1,097 USD ($15,325) for the two-month period of the subsidiary ended December 31, 2011. Bachoco is required to maintain letters of credit on behalf of the subsidiary of 3,400 USD ($47,498) to secure self-insured workers compensation payments.

e)OK Industries, Inc. (foreign subsidiary) is involved in claims with the U.S. Department of Labor and the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and various other matters incidental to its business, including workers’ compensation claims and environmental issues. At December 31, 2011, the subsidiary has accrued reserves for potential claims of 2,500 USD ($34,925) which are included within other current liabilities.

f)In accordance with Mexican tax law, the tax authorities are entitled to examine transactions carried out during the five years prior to the most recent income tax return filed.

g)The Company has agreed contracts to supply grain from third parties as part of the normal course of operations.

h)In accordance with the Income Tax Law, companies carrying out transactions with related parties are subject to certain requirements as to the determination of prices, which should be similar to those that would be used in arms-length transactions.

Should the tax authorities examine the transactions and reject the related-party prices, they could assess additional taxes plus the related inflation adjustment and interest in addition to penalties of up to 100% of the omitted taxes.

F-55

(15) Other taxes payable and other accruals-

An analysis of other taxes payable and other accruals as follows:

  2010  2011 
Other accounts payable $35,963  $218,458 
Expenses payable  148,357   158,461 
Trade advances  66,189   71,212 
IMSS (1)  35,073   35,453 
INFONAVIT (3)  30,743   32,552 
Employee statutory profit sharing  37,921   26,234 
Payroll taxes  21,277   24,044 
Salaries payable  4,924   9,168 
SAR (2)  6,266   6,416 
Taxes payable  6,520   6,349 
Interests payable  489   6,315 
         
Total $393,722  $594,662 

(1) IMSS (a Government health care institution): contributions are made by the Company and by its employees in accordance with applicable regulations. The Company is required to pay this contribution on a monthly basis.

(2) SAR (a Government institution for employee retirement savings): Contributions are made by the Company based on applicable regulations as a percentage of the employees’ salary. The Company has a duty to pay these contributions to the government every two months.

(3) INFONAVIT (a Government institution that provides mortgages to employees): The Company is required to make contributions to this entity based on approximately 5% of the employees’ salaries, subject to certain limits. The Company has a duty to pay these contributions every two months.

F-56

(16) Foreign currency position and translation-

a)A summary of the Company’s monetary assets and liabilities denominated in U.S. dollars (the only foreign currency) translated into reporting currency, as of December 31, 2010 and 2011, were as follows:

  Pesos 
  2010  2011 
Assets:        
Cash and cash equivalents $357,933  $232,211 
Primary financial instruments  106,466   375,648 
Accounts receivable  -   391,857 
Other accounts  6,926   315,037 
Advances to suppliers  170,170   602,912 
   641,495   1,917,665 
Liabilities:        
Accounts payable  (770,931)  (1,668,025)
Other liabilities  -   (157,110)
Short term debt  -   (1,047,750)
         
Net liability $(129,436) $(955,220)

b)As of December 31, 2010 and 2011, the exchange rate was $12.37 and $13.97 per US dollar, respectively. At April 30, 2012, date of issuance of the consolidated financial statements the exchange rate was $13.21 per US dollar.

c)As of December 31, 2010 and 2011, foreign exchange gains, net amounting to $11,082 and $54,505, respectively, were recorded.

d)At December 31, 2011 the Company had the foreign exchange hedging instruments mentioned in note 13a.

e)U.S dollar is the recording and functional currency of the foreign subsidiary. This foreign currency was translated into Mexican peso that is the consolidated reporting currency.

F-57

(17) Labor obligations-

a)Labor obligation in Mexico

The Company has a defined benefit pension plan covering non unionized personnel in México. The benefits are based on years of service and the employee’s compensation. The Company makes annual contributions to the plan equal to the maximum amount that can be deducted for income tax purposes based on the projected unit credit method.

Plan contributions and benefits paid were as follows:

  Plan Contributions  Benefits paid 
  2009  2010  2011  2009  2010  2011 
                         
Retirement $17,436   14,039   15,099   2,382   2,934   3,049 

F-58

The cost, obligations and other elements of the pension, seniority premium and severance compensation plans for reasons other than restructuring, mentioned in note 2q, have been determined based on computations prepared by independent actuaries at December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011. The components of the net periodic cost for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, were as follows:

  Benefits 
  Termination  Retirement 
  2009  2010  2011  2009  2010  2011 
Net periodic cost:                        
Service cost $13,898   14,720   17,346  $16,187   18,962   20,380 
Interest cost  6,220   6,605   6,976   20,043   22,453   21,720 
Return on plan assets  -   -   -   (19,307)  (22,508)  (25,816)
Net actuarial loss (gain)  7,171   24,597   (677)  (1,982)  (1,816)  (1,775)
Prior service cost:                        
Amortization of prior service cost and plan modifications  -   -   -   1,885   1,885   1,885 
Amortization of transition liability  4,828   4,828   4,667   5,448   5,448   5,448 
Net periodic cost $32,117   50,750   28,312  $22,274   24,424   21,842 

F-59

The present value of benefit obligations of the plans as of December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, is as follows:

  Benefits 
  Termination  Retirement 
  2009  2010     2011  2009  2010  2011 
                      
Acumulated Benefit Obligation (ABO) $64,328   91,255       84,702  $151,796   152,737   168,920 
                             
Projected Benefit Obligation (PBO)  76,988   95,216       101,140   240,968   275,550   239,431 
Plan asset at fair value  -   -       -   (223,778)  (256,382)  (250,855)
Projected benefit obligation over plan assets  76,988   95,216       101,140   17,190   19,168   (11,424)
Unrecognized ítems:                            
Transition liability  (13,542)  (8,714)     (4,047)  (16,345)  (10,896)  (5,448)
Plan modifications  -   -       -   (23,552)  (21,667)  (19,782)
Actuarial gains  -   -       -   53,890   53,350   81,649 
                             
Projected liability, net $63,446   86,502       97,093  $31,183   39,955   44,995 

  Benefits 
  2009  2010  2011 
          
Discount rate (net of inflation)  9.50%  8.00%  8.50%
Rate of compensation increase*  4.50%  4.50%  4.50%
Expected return on plan assets  9.75%  9.00%  9.50%
Amortization period of unrecognized items (applicable to retirement benefit)  19.33 years   19.06 years   11.89 years 

*Salary increases, includingpast practice, trends in the market and compensation scheme (average salary increase earned if performance is satisfactory).

F-60

Below is the determination of benefit obligations of the plan at December 31, 2009, 2010, and 2011:

  Retirement benefits 2009 
  Seniority
premium
  Pension
plan
  

 

Total

 
Defined benefit obligations:            
Obligations of defined benefits at the beginning of year $32,980   177,339   210,319 
Current labor cost  3,034   13,153   16,187 
Interest cost  3,130   16,913   20,043 
Actuarial gain and losses  1,439   (2,836)  (1,397)
Benefits paid  (1,801)  (2,383)  (4,184)
Defined benefit obligations at end of year $38,782   202,186   240,968 

  Retirement benefits 2010 
  Seniority
premium
  Pension
plan
  

 

Total

 
Defined benefit obligations:            
Obligations of defined benefits at the beginning of year $38,782   202,186   240,968 
Current labor cost  3,675   15,287   18,962 
Interest cost  3,574   18,879   22,453 
Actuarial gain and losses  1,523   (3,809)  (2,286)
Benefits paid  (1,613)  (2,934)  (4,547)
Defined benefit obligations at end of year $45,941   229,609   275,550 

F-61

  Retirement benefits 2011 
  Seniority  Pension    
  premium  plan  Total 
Defined benefits obligations:            
Obligation of defined benefit at the beginning of year $45,942   229,609   275,551 
Current labor cost  4,192   16,188   20,380 
Interest cost  3,585   18,134   21,719 
Actuarial gain and losses  (15,750)  (57,718)  (73,468)
Benefits paid  (1,702)  (3,049)  (4,751)
Defined benefit obligations at end of year $36,267   203,164   239,431 

Below is the determination of plan assets at 31 December 2009, 2010 and 2011:

  Retirement benefits 2009 
  Seniority  Pension    
   premium   plan   Total 
Plan assets:            
Plan asset at the beginning of year $-   188,815   188,815 
Yield expected  -   19,307   19,307 
Actuarial gain and losses  -   602   602 
Company contributions  -   17,436   17,436 
Benefits paid  -   (2,382)  (2,382)
Plan assets at end of year $-   223,778   223,778 

F-62
��

  Retirement benefits 2010 
  Seniority  Pension    
  premium  plan  Total 
Plan assets:            
Plan asset at the beginning of year $-   223,778   223,778 
Yield expected      22,507   22,507 
Actuarial gain and losses  -   (1,008)  (1,008)
Company Contributions  -   14,039   14,039 
Benefits Paid  -   (2,934)  (2,934)
Plan assets at end of year $-   256,382   256,382 

  Retirement benefits 2011 
  Seniority  Pension    
  premium  plan  Total 
Plan assets:            
Plan asset at the beginning of year $-   256,382   256,382 
Yield expected  -   25,816   25,816 
Actuarial gains and losses  -   (43,392)  (43,392)
Company contributions  -   15,100   15,100 
Benefits paid  -   (3,051)  (3,051)
Plan assets at end of year $-   250,855   250,855 

F-63

Following is a detailed description of the current amounts and the amounts for the previous four annual periods derived from the defined benefit obligations, the reasonable value of the plan’s assets and the adjustments on the plan assets and liabilities, based on experience:

  Seniortiy premium* 
  2007  2008  2009  2010  2011 
Defined benefit  obligations $56,601   59,086   66,711   83,871   76,382 
Plan assets  -   -   -   -   - 
Plan status $56,601   59,086   66,711   83,871   76,382 

* The results of seniority premium include retirement and termination, due to the fact that this division did not exist in prior years in accordance with the Bulletin D-3.

  Pension plan 
  2007  2008  2009  2010  2011 
Defined benefit  obligations $199,333   177,339   202,186   229,609   203,164 
Plan assets  (182,017)  (188,815)  (223,778)  (256,382)  (250,855)
Plan status $17,316   (11,476)  (21,592)  (26,773)  (47,691)

The distribution of assets listed by category at the end of 2009, 2010 and 2011, are as follows:

  2009  2010  2011 
          
Fixed rate investment  75%  75%  70%
Variable rate investment  25%  25%  30%
             
Total  100%  100%  100%

The distribution of the assets reflects the strategy that was used to optimize the return rate on the plan and the fund's results, within the framework of an appropriate risk level.

F-64

b)Benefit plans in foreign operation

OK Industries, Inc. (foreign subsidiary) maintains a 401(k) retirement plan (defined benefit plan) covering all employees meeting certain eligibility requirements. The Company contributes to the plan at the rate of 50% of employees contributions up to a maximum of 2% of the individual employees compensation. Expense for contributions accrued to this plan was 33.7 USD ($471) for the two-month period ending December 31, 2011.

OK Industries, Inc. (foreign subsidiary) maintains a deferred compensation arrangement with certain key employees. Amounts payable under this plan vest 10 years from the date of the agreement. The benefit value of each unit is equal to the increase in initial subsidiary book value from the date of the agreement to the conclusion of the vesting period. Under the agreement, 275,000 units were outstanding on December 31, 2011, all of which were fully vested. Amounts expected to be paid within the next year of 657.7 USD ($9,189) are included in other current liabilities. The remaining liability is 411.8 USD ($5,753) under this plan. There was no compensation expense for the two-month period ending December 31, 2011.

(18) Stockholders’ Equity-

a)As of December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, the Company’s capital stock is represented by 600,000,000 “B” shares with a par value of $1 peso each. All shares issued and outstanding have voting rights.

b)In 2009, 2010 and 2011, the Company declared and paid cash dividends at nominal values of $250,045, $250,082 and $299,926, respectively, or $0.42, $0.42, and $0.50 respectively, per share in nominal pesos.

c)The Mexican Corporation Law requires that at least 5% of each year’s net income be appropriated to increase the legal reserve until such reserve is equal to 20% of capital stock issued and outstanding. The balance of the legal reserve at December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, included in retained earnings, was $209,399.

F-65

d)The Company approved a stock repurchase plan in 1998, in conformity with the Mexican Securities Trading Act, providing a stock repurchase reserve for that purpose of $180,000 ($303,861 expressed in constant Mexican pesos at December 31, 2007) through the appropriation of retained earnings in 1998. In 2009, the Company repurchased and sold 147 thousand of shares. The repurchase value was for $1,880 and the sales value was for $2,959, resulting in a gain of $1,079, recorded as additional paid in capital. During 2010 the Company repurchased 200 thousands of shares for $5,167; in 2011, the Company repurchased 257.4 thousands of shares. The repurchased value was for $6,153, and sales 230 thousands of shares, the sales value was for $5,944. There are 227.4 thousands of shares held by treasury at December 31, 2011.

e)The Company is required to pay taxes on dividends distributed to stockholders only to the extent that the payment made exceeds the balance of the “net tax profit account” (CUFIN), which is used to control earnings on which income tax has already been paid. Income tax paid on dividends refers to a tax payable by corporate entities and not by individuals.

f)The Company obtains the majority of its revenues and net profit from Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. (“BSACV”). For the years 2009, 2010 and 2011, pretax income of BSACV, represented approximately, 92%, 93%, and 86% respectively of Bachoco’s net revenues.

Dividends on which BSACV has paid income tax will be credited to the Company’s “CUFIN” account and, accordingly, no further income tax will be paid when such amounts are distributed as dividends to the Company’s stockholders.

g)From 1999 through 2001, under Mexican income tax law, corporate taxpayers were extended with the option of deferring payment of a portion of their annual corporate income tax, so that the tax rate will represent 30%. The earnings on which taxpayers opted to defer payment of a portion of corporate income tax had to be controlled in the so-called “net reinvested tax profit account” (CUFINRE).

Since the Company opted for this tax deferral, earnings will be considered to be distributed first from the CUFINRE and any excess will be paid from the “net tax profit account” balance (“CUFIN”) so as to pay the 5% deferred tax. The option to defer a portion of the annual corporate income tax was eliminated effective January 1, 2002.

F-66

h)Stockholders contribution restated as provided for by the tax law (CUCA), aggregating $2,244,455, may be refunded to stockholders tax-free, to the extent that such contribution equals or exceeds stockholders’ equity.

(19)(21)Income Tax (IT), Asset Tax (AT), and Flat Rate Business Tax (IETU) and Employee Statutory Profit Sharing (ESPS)-

 

Under the current tax legislation in Mexico, companies must pay the greater of their IT or IETU. If IETU is payable, the payment will be considered final, (i.e. not subject to recovery in subsequent years).years.

 

a)Income tax (IT)-

  

The Company and each of its subsidiaries file separate income tax returns (including its foreign subsidiary, that files income tax returns in the U.S. based on its existing tax year end of April). Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. BSACV,(“BSACV”), the Company’s principal operating subsidiary, is subject to corporate income tax under the provisions of the simplified regime, which is applicable to companies engaged exclusively in agriculture, cattle-raising, fishing, forestry and other activities. The income tax law establishes that such regime is exclusiveonly for companies that obtain no more than 10% of their total revenues from the production of processed products; BSACV has complied with this criteria.

In 2009, a tax reform was authorized by which, beginning in 2010, the tax rate is increased from 19% to 21% in the simplified regime. The result of this change is recognized in 2009, as a charge of $188,754, which is reflected in deferred taxes under the item “Adjustment to deferred tax assets and liabilities for enacted changes in tax laws and rates”.

 

The simplified regime establishes that the taxable base for income tax is determined on revenues collected net of deductions paid (cash basis). The tax rate for this regime was 19% for 2009 andis 21% for 2010 and thereafter..

 

The ITincome tax rate of the general regime for fiscal years 20102011 to 20122013 is 30%, for 20132014 the rate shall be 29% and for 20142015 and thereafter is 28%.

 

The income tax rate of the foreign subsidiary is 38.79%.

 

F-67

b)Flat Rate Business Taxrate business tax (IETU)-

  

The IETU is calculated applying the rate isof 17.5% for 2010 and thereafter (17% for 2009)to profit determined based on cash flows and limits certain deductions.less authorized tax credits.

 

IETU credits are derived mainly from the unamortized negative IETU base, and taxable salaries taxes for IT purposes and social security contributions, as well as credits derived from the deduction of certain investments, such as inventories and fixed assets.

 

The IETU is required to be paid only when it is greater than the IT. To determine the IETU payable, income tax paid in a given period shall first be subtracted from the current IT of the same period and the difference shall be the IETU payable.

period.

If negative IETU base is determined because deductions exceed income, there will be no IETU payable.current IETU. The amount of negative base multiplied by the IETU rate results in a IETU credit, which may be applied against IT for the same year or, if applicable, against IETU payable in the next ten years. According to the tax law, the IETU credit can notcannot be applied against IT for 20102011 and 2011.2012.

 

c)Asset tax (AT)-

In 2007, a new law was enacted that resulted in the derogation of the AT Law beginning on January 1, 2008. In 2007, the asset tax rate was payable at 1.25% and liabilities were no longer deductible from the asset tax base.

At December 31, 2011, the Company had $5,044 in Asset Tax credits and such recoverable AT will expire, as follows:

  Asset tax    
  restated at    
  December 31,  Year of 
Base year 2011  expiration 
       
2005 $1,615   2015 
2006  3,429   2016 
         
  $5,044     

F-68

d)Income tax charged to operations-profit or loss

 

For the years ended December 31, 2009, 20102011 and 2011,2012, the income tax charged (credited) charged to results of operations wasprofit or loss is as follows:

 

  2009  2010  2011 
Mexican operation:            
Current income tax $103,482  $495,828  $69,578 
Flat rate business tax  371   18   8 
Deferred income tax  302,505   7,569   (109,221)
   406,358   503,415   (39,635)

Foreign operation:            
Current income tax $-  $-  $- 
Deferred income tax  -   -   (895)
   -   -   (895)
             
Total (benefit) income tax expense $406,358  $503,415  $(40,530)
  2011  2012 
Operation in Mexico:        
Current IT $69,578   366,417 
Current IETU  8   - 
Deferred IT  (100,307)  207,079 
         
   (30,721)  573,496 
Foreign operation:        
Deferred IT $(7,895)  28,524 
         
IT (benefit) expense $(38,616)  602,020 

 

IncomeTotal (benefit) expense for income taxes

The (benefit) expense tax and employee statutory profit sharing expense attributable to income before income taxes, differedwas different from the amountsamount computed by applying the Mexican statutory IT ratesrate of 19% for 200921% in 2011 and 21% for 2010 and 2011, respectively and 10% employee statutory profit sharing to income,2012 as a result of the items shown in the next page:listed below:

 

  2009  2010  2011 
  IT  ESPS  IT  ESPS  IT  ESPS 
                   
Computed “expected” tax expense $230,927   121,540  $522,846   248,974  $24,908   11,860 
Add ESPS expense  -   3,300   -   3,369   -   2,160 
Increase (decrease) in income taxes resulting from:                        
Effects of inflation, net  (50,596)  -   (66,504)  -   (71,189)  - 
Non-deductible expenses  4,538   183   8,032   1,872   3,411   1,032 
Adjustment to deferred tax assets and liabilities for enacted changes in tax laws and rates  188,754   -   -   -   -   - 
Subsidiaries not subject to labor obligations  -   (92,661)  -   (226,341)  -   7,197 
Effect of companies outside simplified regime  38,163   -   31,661   -   33,073   - 
Change in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets  8,130   -   17,164   -   (32,312)  - 
Other, net  (13,558)  639   (9,784)  5,822   1,579   (651)
                         
IT and ESPS expense (benefit) $406,358   33,001  $503,415   33,696  $(40,530)  21,598 
  2011     2012    
  IT  Percentage  IT  Percentage 
             
Expected expense $239,574   21% $586,696   21%
Increase resulting from:                
Tax effect of inflation, net  (67,883)  (6)%  (47,627)  (2)%
Non-deductible expenses  870   0%  1,740   0%
Gain on purchase of foreign subsidiary  (219,931)  (19)%  -   - 
Effect of companies outside of simplified regime  27,021   2%  61,777   2%
Unrecognized deferred assets effect  (18,112)  (1)%  (453)  0%
Others  (155)  0%  (113)  0%
(Benefit) expense for income taxes $(38,616)  (3)% $602,020   21%

F-76

 

e)d)Deferred income tax-tax

  

Based on the financial projections of taxable income, the Company estimated that it will pay income tax (IT);IT; therefore, deferred tax effects as of December 31, 2010 and 2011 have been determined and recorded reflecting the IT basis.

 

The tax effects of temporary differences that lead to significant portions of deferred tax assets and liabilities at January 1, 2011, December 31, 2011 and 2012 are detailed below:

  January 1,  December 31, 
  2011  2011  2012 
          
Deferred tax assets            
Trade payable $493,645   649,678   754,765 
Employee benefits  15,748   46,889   40,401 
Employee statutory profit sharing  11,311   9,002   9,254 
Effect on derivative financial instruments  1,635   -   858 
Tax loss carryforwards  -   96,772   10,043 
Others  1,006   -   - 
Deferred tax assets $523,345   802,341   815,321 
             
Deferred tax liabilities            
Inventories $842,767   1,056,327   1,284,699 
Accounts receivable  190,082   204,213   221,133 
Property, plant and equipment  1,490,183   1,919,994   1,871,086 
Advanced deduction  16,370   20,210   36,343 
Effects on derivative financial instruments  -   1,704   - 
Total deferred tax liabilities  2,539,402   3,202,448   3,413,261 
Net deferred tax liability $2,016,057   2,400,107   2,597,940 

F-70F-77
 

e)Unrecognized deferred tax assets

The componentsDeferred tax assets have not been recognized in the Companys´financial statements in respect of the Company’s deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows:following items:

 

  2010  2011 
Deferred tax assets:        
Accounts payable $493,645  $649,678 
Labor obligations  33,407   58,661 
ESPS payable  11,311   9,002 
Effects on derivative financial instruments  1,635   - 
Recoverable AT  4,859   5,044 
Tax loss carryforwards  17,698   96,773 
Others  1,006   - 
Total gross deferred tax assets  563,561   819,158 
         
Less valuation allowance  53,309   20,997 
Net deferred tax assets  510,252   798,161 
         
Deferred tax liabilities:        
Inventories  842,767   1,056,327 
Accounts receivable  190,082   204,213 
Property, plant and equipment, net  1,490,183   1,262,899 
Other deductions  16,370   20,210 
Effects on derivative financial instruments  -   1,704 
         
Total gross deferred tax liabilities  2,539,402   2,545,353 
         
Net deferred tax liability $2,029,150  $1,747,192 
         
Deferred tax assets-foreign subsidiary $-  $174,141 
         
Deferred tax liability-Mexican subsidiaries $2,029,150  $1,921,333 

F-71

The valuation allowance for deferred tax assets as of January 1, 2010 and 2011 amounted to $36,145 and $53,309, respectively. The net change in the total valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, was an increase of $8,130, $17,164 and a decrease of $32,312, respectively. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment.

  January 1,
2011
  2011  2012 
          
Tax loss carryforwards $17,698   -   - 
Recoverable AT  4,859   4,445   3,992 
Total $22,557   4,445   3,992 

 

f)Unrecognized deferred tax liabilities

Deferred tax related to investments in subsidiaries has not been recognized since the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference, and it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

g)Movement in temporary differences during the year

  January 1,
2011
  Recognized
in profit or
loss
  Acquired or/
Recognized
directly in
equity
  December 31,
2011
 
             
Trade payable $(493,645)  (156,033)  -   (649,678)
Employee benefits  (15,748)  (31,141)  -   (46,889)
ESPS payable  (11,311)  2,309   -   (9,002)
Recoverable IT  (1,635)  1,635   -   - 
Tax loss carryforwards  -   (96,772)  -   (96,772)
Effects on derivative financial instruments  (1,006)  2,710   -   1,704 
Inventories  842,767   213,560   -   1,056,327 
Accounts receivable  190,082   14,131   -   204,213 
Property, plant and equipment  1,490,183   (62,441)  477,848   1,905,590 
Currency translation effect  -   -   14,404   14,404 
Advanced deductions  16,370   3,840   -   20,210 
Net deferred tax liability $2,016,057   (108,202)  492,252   2,400,107 
  January 1,
2012
  Recognized
in profit or
loss
  Recognized
directly in
equity
  December 31,
2012
 
             
Trade payable $(649,678)  (105,087)  -   (754,765)
Employee benefits  (46,889)  6,488   -   (40,401)
ESPS payable  (9,002)  (252)  -   (9,254)
Tax loss carryforwards  (96,772)  86,729   -   (10,043)
Effects on derivative financial instruments  1,704   (2,562)  -   (858)
Inventories  1,056,327   228,372   -   1,284,699 
Accounts receivable  204,213   16,920   -   221,133 
Property, plant and equipment  1,905,590   (11,138)  -   1,894,452 
Currency translation effect  14,404   -   (37,770)  (23,366)
Advanced deductions  20,210   16,133   -   36,343 
Net deferred tax liability $2,400,107   235,603   (37,770)  2,597,940 

h)Asset tax (AT) and Tax loss carryforwards-

 

As ofAt December 31, 2011, the Company has2012, tax loss carryforwards, restated in accordance with the current Mexican Tax Law, which can be used to offset future taxable income in the next ten years,and recoverable AT expires as follows:shown below:

 

Tax loss carryforwards as adjusted by inflation
through December 31, 2011
  Year of Restated 
Base year expiration Amount 
      
2007 2017 $3,251 
2008 2018  48,164 
2009 2019  12,933 
2010 2020  530 
2011 2021  380,961 
    $445,839 

F-72

  Amount remeasured by inflation at 
  December 31, 2012 
Base year Tax loss
carryforwards
  Recoverable
AT
  Year of
expiration
 
          
2005 $-   192   2015 
2006  -   3,800   2016 
2010  863   -   2020 
2011  10,157   -   2021/2032 
2012  15,678   -   2033 
  $26,698   3,992     
g)(22)Equity tax value-Employee benefits

As of December 31, 2010 and 2011, the tax value of the Company’s equity, which will not be subject to taxation, comprised the following:

  2010  2011 
       
Restated contribution capital (CUCA) $2,162,080  $2,244,455 
Net tax profit account (CUFIN) and net reinvested tax profit account (CUFINRE)  4,203,221   4,194,245 
         
Total $6,365,301  $6,438,700 

 

h)a)Employee benefits in Mexico

The Company has a defined benefit pension plan covering non unionized personnel in México. The benefits are based on years of service and the employee’s compensation. The Company’s policy in order to fund pension plan is to make contributions up to the maximum amount that can be deducted for income tax purposes based on the projected unit credit method.

  January 1,  December 31, 
  2011  2011  2012 
Present value of unfunded obligations $57,098   70,415   121,928 
Present value of funded obligations  256,382   250,856   263,250 
Total present value of obligations  313,480   321,270   385,178 
Plan assets at fair value  (256,382)  (250,856)  (263,250)
Unamortized (gains) losses  -   29,624   (25,315)
Unamortized past service  20,787   -   - 
Projected liability, net $77,885   100,038   96,613 

i.Composition of plan assets

  January 1,  December 31, 
  2011  2011  2012 
Fixed rate investment  70%  70%  70%
Variable rate investment  30%  30%  30%
Total  100%  100%  100%

ii.Movement in the present value of the defined benefit obligations (DBO)

  2011  2012 
DBO at January 1 $313,480   321,270 
Benefits paid by the plan  (36,414)  (31,513)
Current service costs and interest cost  51,116   48,514 
Past service cost  41,724   - 
Actuarial (gains) and losses recognized in the statement of comprehensive income  (48,636)  46,907 
DBO at December 31 $321,270   385,178 

iii.Movement in the fair value of plan assets

  2011  2012 
Fair value of plan assets at January 1 $256,382   250,856 
Plan contributions  15,100   15,125 
Benefits paid by the plan  (27,429)  (19,877)
Expected return on plan assets  25,815   24,522 
Actuarial gains in the statement of comprehensive income  (19,012)  (7,376)
Fair value of plan assets at December 31 $250,856   263,250 

iv.Expense recognized in profit or loss

  2011  2012 
       
Current service costs $26,620   21,876 
Interest on obligation  24,496   26,638 
Curtailment gain  -   (657)
Prior service cost  20,937   - 
Expected return on plan assets  (25,815)  (24,522)
         
  $46,238   23,335 

v.Actuarial gains and losses recognized in the statements of comprehensive income

  2011  2012 
       
Amount accumulated at 1 January $-   29,624 
Recognized during the year  29,624   (54,939)
Amount accumulated at 31 December $29,624   (25,315)
vi.Actuarial assumptions

The following are the principal actuarial assumptions at the reporting date (expressed as weighted averages).

  2011  2012 
Discount rate at 31 December  8.50%  7.50%
Expected return on plan assets at 1 January  9.50%  7.50%
Future salary increases  4.50%  4.50%
Future pension increases  4.25%  4.25%

vii.Historical information

  January 1,  December 31, 
  2011  2011  2012 
Present value of the defined benefit obligation $313,480   321,270   385,178 
Fair value of plan assets  (256,382)  (250,856)  (263,250)
Plan deficit $57,098   70,414   121,928 
             
Experience adjustments arising on plan liabilities $-   (48,636)  46,907 
Experience adjustments arising on plan assets $-   19,012   7,376 

b)Employee benefits foreign

Bachoco USA, LLC. (foreign subsidiary) maintains a 401(k) retirement plan (defined contribution plan) covering all employees meeting certain eligibility requirements. The Company contributes to the plan at the rate of 50% of employee’s contributions up to a maximum of 2% of the individual employee’s compensation. The cumulative contribution expense for this plan was approximately $471 y $4,131 for the period and year ended December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively.

Bachoco USA, LLC. (foreign subsidiary) maintains a deferred compensation arrangement with certain key employees. Amounts payable under this plan vest 10 years from the date of the agreement. The benefit value of each unit is equal to the increase in initial book value from the date of the agreement to the conclusion of the vesting period. Under the agreement, 275,000 and 38,500 units were outstanding on December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively all of which were fully vested. Amounts expected to be paid within the next year of are included in other current liabilities. The total liability under this plan totaled $14,942 and $3,449 at December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively. The compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2012 was for $9,318. There was no compensation expense for the two-month period ending December 31, 2011.

c)Employee statutory profit sharing (ESPS)

 

Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B de C.V. and BSACV have no employees, but each of the subsidiaries of the Company in Mexico that has employees is required under Mexican law to pay employees, in addition to their compensation and benefits, statutory profit sharing in an aggregate amount equal to 10% of such subsidiary’s taxable income subject to certain adjustments.income.

 

F-73

(20)(23)Other income (expense), net-Employee costs

  2011  2012 
       
Wages and salaries $2,903,073   2,922,160 
Contributions to the pension fund  15,100   15,125 
Expenses related to defined benefit plans  28,223   4,481 
Termination expenses  48,534   40,040 
  $2,994,930   2,981,806 

The employee cost is presented in the line items of cost of sales and general, selling and administrative expenses.

(24)Operating leases

Leases as lessee

The Company has entered into operating leases for certain offices, production facilities, and automotive and computer equipment. Some leases contain renewal options. These agreements have terms between one and five years.

  2011  2012 
         
Incurred expenses $188,244   194,094 

Amount of the annual rentals payable, arising from lease agreements for the following five years is as follows:

 2013  $67,767 
 2014   56,115 
 2015   38,783 
 2016   22,071 
 2017   18,666 

(25)Equity and reserves

a)Share capital and share premium

 

As of December 31, 2009, 20102011 and 2011, other income and expense net, were as follows:2012, the Company’s capital stock is represented by 600,000,000 “B” shares with a par value of $1 peso each.

 

  2009  2010  2011 
Other income:            
Sales of waste animals, raw material, by-products and others $139,555  $194,779  $202,780 
Tax incentives  5,496   -   - 
             
Total other income  145,051   194,779   202,780 
             
Other expense:            
Cost of waste animals, raw material, by- products and other  (162,957)  (173,436)  (193,707)
Employee statutory profit sharing  (33,001)  (33,696)  (21,598)
Others  (14,282)  (82,962)  (56,396)
             
Total other expense  (210,240)  (290,094)  (271,701)
             
Total other expense, net $(65,189) $(95,315) $(68,921)

The Robinson Bours family owns 82.75% of the total outstanding shares through two trusts (control trust and family trust) that together held 496,500,000 shares outstanding.

The major shareholders of the Company as of December 31, 2012 are listed below:

Shareholders Shares  % 
       
Control Trust  312,000,000   52.00%
Family Trust  184,500,000   30.75%
Royce & Associates, LLC  20,868,816   3.50%
River Road Asset  Management, LLC  8,551,572   1.40%

Total shares (issued and outstanding) are paid up and have total voting rights and the right to receive dividends when declared.

b)Translation reserve

The translation reserve comprises all foreign currency differences arising from the translation of the financial statements of foreign operations.

c)Reserve for repurchase of shares

The Company approved a stock repurchase plan in 1998, in conformity with the Mexican Securities Trading Act, providing a stock repurchase reserve for that purpose of $180,000 through the appropriation of retained earnings in 1998.

The table below shows the movements of the repurchase of shares during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012:

Reconciliation of treasury sharesNumber of
Shares
Total shares at January 1, 2011200,000
(+) Total shares purchased in 2011257,400
(-) Total shares sold in 2011230,000
Balance at December 31, 2011227,400
Total shares at January 1, 2012227,400
(+) Total shares purchased in 20123,704,731
(-) Total shares sold in 20123,932,131
Balance at December 31, 2012-

Net effect of repurchase and sales of shares was a loss of $209 and a gain of $10,993 at December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively.

At December 31, 2012, the Company has no treasury shares.

d)Dividends

The following dividends were declared and paid by the Company at the reporting date:

In 2011 y 2012, the Company declared and paid cash dividends at nominal values of $299,926 and $299,175 respectively, or $0.50 per share in nominal pesos.

Dividends paid to shareholders of the Company, are subject to IT only insofar as such dividends exceed the net tax profit account "CUFIN" consisting of profits in which the IT is already paid. The income tax paid on the dividend corresponds to a tax payable by corporations and not by individuals.

The Company derives most of its revenue and net income of Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. ("BSACV"). For the years 2011 and 2012, net income of BSACV, accounted for 86% and 79% respectively, of consolidated net income. Dividends which BSACV pay income tax will be credited to the account of the Company CUFIN, and accordingly, any future liabilities arising from income taxes arise when such amounts are distributed as dividends by the Company to the shareholders.

From 1999 to 2001, according to IT law, had the option of deferring a portion of the annual corporate income tax until the rate represented 30%. The deferral of such income tax and the related profits are controlled through the "net tax profit account reinvested" (CUFINRE).

Given that some subsidiaries opted to defer a portion of the income tax, the distributed profits will be treated as paid first from the CUFINRE and any excess will be paid from the CUFIN balance in order to pay the 5% of the deferred income tax. The option of deferring a portion of the annual income tax was eliminated as of January 1, 2002.

The updated amount on tax bases, of the contributions made by shareholders (CUCA), totaling $2,324,358, may be refunded to them tax-free, to the extent that such amount is the same or higher than equity.

(26)Earnings per share

The calculation of basic earnings per share at 31 December 2012 was based on profit attributable to ordinary shareholders of $2,184,567 ($1,177,346 in 2011), and a weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding of 598,959,882 (599,822,448 in 2011). The Company has no potential ordinary shares with dilutive effects.

(27)Commitments

·Bachoco USA, LLC (foreign subsidiary) maintains self-insurance programs for health care costs and workers’ compensation. The subsidiary is liable for health care claims up to $4,504 (350 USD) each year per plan participant and workers’ compensation claims up to $12,870 (1,000 USD) per occurrence. Self-insurance costs are accrued based upon the aggregate of the liability for reported claims and an estimated liability for claims incurred but not reported. The allowance for this concept is booked into the accompanying consolidated statement of financial position within current liabilities and amounting to $47,644 (3,702 USD) at December 31, 2012. Likewise, the consolidated statement of income includes expenses relating to self-insurance plans of approximately $85,160 (6,617 USD) for the year ended December 31, 2012. Bachoco is required to maintain letters of credit on behalf of the subsidiary of $43,758 (3,400 USD) to secure self-insured workers compensation payments.

·The Company has agreed contracts to supply grain from third parties as part of the normal course of operations.
(28)Contingencies

a)Insurance

The Company has not contracted full coverage insurance for its facilities, interruption of activities or corporate civil liability in respect of property and environmental damage resulting from accidents in the Company’s property or that relate to company operations. Until appropriate insurance coverage is provided, there is a risk that the loss or destruction of certain assets may have a significant adverse effect on the Company’s operations and financial situation.

b)Litigation

·The Company is involved in a number of lawsuits and claims arising in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, it is expected that the final outcome of these matters will not have significant adverse effects on the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of income.

·Bachoco USA, LLC (foreign subsidiary) is involved in claims with the U.S. Department of Labor and the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and various other matters incidental to its business, including workers’ compensation claims and environmental issues. At December 31, 2012, the subsidiary has accrued reserves for potential claims of $25,740 (2,000 USD) which are included within other current liabilities.

c)Tax contingencies

·In accordance with tax laws, the tax authorities are empowered to examine transactions carried out during the five years prior to the most recent income tax return filed.

·In accordance with the Income Tax Law, companies carrying out transactions with related parties are subject to certain requirements as to the determination of prices, which should be similar to those that would be used in arms-length transactions.

Should the tax authorities examine the transactions and reject the related-party prices, they could assess additional taxes plus the related inflation adjustment and interest in addition to penalties of up to 100% of the omitted taxes.

d)Other contingencies

There is a contingent liability arising from employee benefits mentioned in note 3(l).

(29)Expenses by nature

  2011  2012 
       
Expenses for employee  benefits $2,994,930   2,981,806 
Depreciation expense  726,061   814,587 
Distribution cost  920,011   949,562 

(30)Financial income and costs

  2011  2012 
Interest income $182,274   209,170 
Income from interest in accounts receivable  11,503   12,893 
Foreign exchange gain, net  54,505   35,212 
Effects of financial instruments valuation  -   12,757 
Financial income $248,282   270,032 
         
Effects of financial instruments valuation $(896)  - 
Interest cost and financial expenses on loans  (40,688)  (71,006)
Commissions and financial costs  (29,056)  (33,994)
Financial costs $(70,640)  (105,000)
Financial income, net $177,642   165,032 
(31)Other income (expense)

  2011  2012 
Other income        
Sale of scrap of biological assets, raw materials, sub-products and other $202,780   271,385 
Domestic business acquisition (note 6b)  46,724   - 
Foreign business acquisition (note 6a)  1,000,565   - 
Total other income  1,250,069   271,385 
Other expenses      - 
Cost of disposal of biological assets, raw materials, sub-products and other  (193,707)  (257,182)
Business acquisition-related costs  (11,426)  - 
Others  (44,971)  (38,013)
Total other expenses  (250,104)  (295,195)
Total other income (expenses), net $999,965   (23,810)

(32)Subsequent events

On February 14, 2013, the Company announced the detection of a possible outbreak of H7N3 avian influenza in five of its poultry breeding farms located in the state of Guanajuato. Subsequently, on February 18, 2013, the Company reported that the National Service of Sanity and Food Quality (SENASICA, by its Spanish acronym) confirmed the presence of the avian influenza in some farms of the Company, all located in the same region of the state of Guanajuato.

At the date of issuance of the consolidated financial statements, the Company has been affected in several of its farms in the state of Guanajuato, as well as in the boundaries of the state of Jalisco and Guanajuato. The Company believes that the outbreak is under control, but not yet eradicated. The Company estimates the financial impact as of the date of this report that arose from this contingency is $220,800 that was recognized in the first quarter of 2013.

(33)Explanation of transition to IFRS

As mentioned in note 2(a), these are the first Company´s consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS.

The accounting policies referred to in note 3 have been applied in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2012, in the comparative information presented in these consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2011 and in the preparation of the initial consolidated statement of financial position in accordance with IFRS at January 1, 2011 (date of the Company’s transition).

In preparing its initial consolidated statement of financial position in accordance with IFRS, the Company has adjusted the amounts reported previously in the consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with Mexican FRS. In the following tables and notes thereto, an explanation is provided of how the transition from Mexican FRS to IFRS has affected the Company’s consolidated financial position, consolidated financial performance and consolidated cash flows.

The Company has not prepared consolidated financial statements in accordance with Mexican FRS for any period subsequent to December 31, 2011.

There are no material differences between the statements of cash flows presented under IFRS and the statements of cash flows presented under Mexican FRS; except that under IFRS the starting point was profit for the year, whereas under Mexican FRS was profit before income taxes, as well as for the effects derived from the adoption of IFRS further described below.

 

F-74F-90
 

(21)Segment financial information-

a)Product line segments

The segments to be reported are organized by geographic operation and product line. Inter-segment transactions have been eliminated. Our Poultry segment is comprised of our chicken and egg products due to their similarity in risks and benefits. The information included under “Others” corresponds to pigs, balanced animal feed and other non-significant sub-products. The segment information is as shown in the next page:

  As of and for the year ended at December 31, 2009 
  Poultry  Others  Total 
Net revenues $20,567,944   2,694,906   23,262,850 
Cost of sales  (16,900,540)  (2,426,219)  (19,326,759)
Gross profit  3,667,404   268,687   3,936,091 
Interest income  149,160   21,495   170,655 
Valuation effects of financial instruments  (174,603)  -   (174,603)
Interest and financial expenses  (77,052)  (14,274)  (91,326)
Income taxes  (370,734)  (35,624)  (406,358)
Net controlling interest income  702,344   95,256   797,600 
Property, plant and equipment, net  10,453,381   412,601   10,865,982 
Goodwill, net  212,833   88,015   300,848 
Total assets  18,706,330   1,171,549   19,877,879 
Total liabilities  4,817,238   422,178   5,239,416 
Capital expenditures  813,628   130,478   944,106 
Expenses not requiring cash disbursement:            
Depreciation and amortization  621,324   41,306   662,630 
    January 1, 2011  December 31, 2011 
  Note Mexican
FRS
  Effect of
transition
to IFRS
  IFRS  Mexican
FRS
  Effect of
transition
to IFRS
  IFRS 
ASSETS                          
Current assets   $9,497,496   -   9,497,496   10,813, 600   -   10,813, 600 
Property, plant and equipment, net a, d  10,544,031   -   10,544,031   10,440,253   1,672,692   12,112,945 
Current assets available for sale d  40,222   -   40,222   46,752   48,895   95,647 
Other non-current assets e  1,116,020   -   1,116, 020   1,869,269   (174,141)  1,695,128 
Total assets   $21,197,769   -   21,197,769   23,169,874   1,547,446   24,717,320 
LIBIALITIES                          
Current liabilities   $2,166,754   -   2,166,754   4,452, 977   -   4,452, 977 
Long-term debt    507,053   -   507,053   384,370   -   384,370 
Employee benefits c  126,458   (48,573)  77,885   142,087   (42,049)  100,038 
Deferred tax liabilities e  2,029,150   (13,093)  2,016,057   1,921, 334   478,773   2,400,107 
Total liabilities   $4,829,415   (61,666)  4,767,749   6,900,768   436,724   7,337,492 
                           
EQUITY                          
Capital stock b $2,294,927   (1,120,495)  1,174,432   2,294,927   (1,120,495)  1,174,432 
Share premium b  744,753   (345,112)  399,641   744,753   (345,112)  399,641 
Reserve for repurchase of shares b  154,288   (65,598)  88,690   154,079   (65,598)  88,481 
Translation reserve d  -   -   -   35,636   28,751   64,387 
Retained earnings f  13,122,387   1,614,953   14,737,340   12,979,502   2,635,259   15,614,761 
                           
Total equity attributable to shareholders of the Company   $16,316,355   83,748   16,400,103   16,208,897   1,132,805   17,341,701 
Non-controlling interest b  51,999   (22,082)  29,917   60,209   (22,082)  38,127 
Total equity   $16,368,354   61,666   16,430,020   16,269,106   1,110,722   17,379,828 
Total equity and liabilities   $21,197,769   -   21,197,769   23,169,874   1,547,446   24,717,320 

 

F-75F-91
 

  As of and for the year ended at December 31, 2010 
  Poultry  Others  Total 
Net revenues $22,229,505   2,485,951   24,715,456 
Cost of sales  (17,377,938)  (2,122,739)  (19,500,677)
Gross profit  4,851,567   363,212   5,214,779 
Interest income  154,203   11,443   165,646 
Valuation effects of  financial instruments  18,850   -   18,850 
Interest and financial expenses  (65,007)  (8,512)  (73,519)
Income taxes  (463,616)  (39,799)  (503,415)
Net controlling interest (loss) income  1,896,160   90,166   1,986,326 
Property, plant and equipment, net  10,240,120   303,911   10,544,031 
Goodwill, net  212,833   88,015   300,848 
Total assets  20,109,011   1,088,757   21,197,768 
Total liabilities  4,407,236   422,178   4,829,414 
Capital expenditures  504,675   12,621   517,296 
Expenses not requiring cash disbursement:  -   -   - 
Depreciation and amortization  664,054   28,586   692,640 

  As of and for the year ended at December 31, 2011 
  Poultry  Others  Total 
Net revenues $24,697,212   3,037,778   27,734,990 
Cost of sales  (22,075,071)  (2,698,145)  (24,773,216)
Gross profit  2,622,141   339,633   2,961,774 
Interest income  182,400   11,377   193,777 
Valuation effects of financial instruments  (896)  -   (896)
Interest and financial expenses  (58,327)  (11,417)  (69,744)
Income taxes  (13,135)  (27,395)  (40,530)
Net controlling interest income  65,502   91,539   157,041 
Property, plant and equipment, net  10,044,310   395,943   10,440,253 
Goodwill, net  212,833   88,015   300,848 
Total assets  21,832,440   1,337,434   23,169,874 
Total liabilities  (6,370,017)  (530,751)  (6,900,768)
Capital expenditures  662,009   45,524   707,533 
Expenses not requiring cash disbursement:            
Depreciation and amortization  703,740   22,321   726,061 

F-76

Revenues from our poultry segment are analyzed as follows:

  As of and for year ended at
December 31, 2009
 
  Chicken  Eggs  Total 
             
Net revenues $18,211,109   2,356,835   20,567,944 

  As of and for year ended at 
December 31, 2010
 
  Chicken  Eggs  Total 
             
Net revenues $20,127,721   2,101,784   22,229,505 

  As of and for year ended at
 December 31, 2011
 
  Chicken  Eggs  Total 
             
Net revenues $22,611,264   2,085,948   24,697,212 

F-77

b)Geographic operating segments

AsReconciliation of 2011, with the acquired operation in the United States, it incorporated a new segment at the management approach named “foreign” to identify (segment) the national and foreign operations. When submitting information by geographical area, the revenues are classified based on the geographical location of the customers. The assets of the segments are classified regarding the geographical location of assets.

  As of and for the year ended at December 31, 2011 
  National
Poultry
  Foreign
Poultry (two-
months
operation)
  Total
Poultry
 
          
Net revenues $23,318,433   1,378,779   24,697,212 
Cost of sales  (20,772,407)  (1,302,664)  (22,075,071)
Gross profit  2,546,026   76,115   2,622,141 
Interest income  182,400   -   182,400 
Valuation effects of financial instruments  (896)  -   (896)
Interest and financial expenses  (58,164)  (163)  (58,327)
Income taxes  (12,240)  (895)  (13,135)
Net controlling interest income  68,160   (2,658)  65,502 
Property, plant and equipment, net  10,428,265   12,045   10,440,310 
Goodwill, net  212,833   -   212,833 
Total assets  19,983,780   1,848,660   21,832,440 
Total liabilities  (5,830,667)  (539,350)  (6,370,017)
Capital expenditures  662,009   -   662,009 
Expenses not requiring cash disbursement:            
Depreciation and amortization  703,606   134   703,740 

  As of and for year ended at
December 31, 2011
 
  National
Chicken
  Foreign Chicken
(two-months
operation)
  Total 
             
Net revenues $21,232,485   1,378,779   22,611,264 

F-78

(22)Subsequent events-

(i)Migration to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)

In January, 2009, the Mexican National Banking and Securities Commission (Comisión Nacional Bancaria y de Valores “CNVB”) in Mexico revised its “General Provisions applicable to Securities Issuers and other Securities Market Participants” to require that certain public entities reporting financial information through the Mexican Stock Exchange (“BMV”), beginning 2012 are required to prepare and report their financial information under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).

In this regard, the consolidated financial statements to be issued by the Companycomprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2012 will be its first annual financial statements complying with IFRS as issued by the IASB. The transition date for adoption will be on January 1, 2011. A brief description of themain changes of the Company’s accounting policies impacted by the IFRS adoption, are listed below:2011

 

  Note Mexican FRS  Effect of
transition
to IFRS
  IFRS 
Net income   $27,734,990   -   27,734,990 
Cost of sales c  (24,773,216)  (23,821)  (24,797,037)
Gross profit    2,961,774   (23,821)  2,937,953 
               
General selling and administrative expenses a, c, g  (2,951,887)  (22,846)  (2,974,733)
Other income (expenses), net d, g  (68,921)  1,068,886   999,965 
Operating profit    (59,034)  1,022,219   963,185 
               
Financial income    248,282   -   248,282 
Financial costs    (70,640)  -   (70,640)
Financial income, net    177,642   -   177,642 
               
Profit before income taxes    118,608   -   1,140,827 
Income tax expense e  (40,530)  1,914   (38,616)
               
Net income   $159,138   1,020,305   1,179,443 
               
Other comprehensive income:              
Currency translation effect d  35,636   28,751   64,387 
Total comprehensive income   $194,774   1,049,056   1,243,830 
               
Profit  attributable  to:              
Controlling interest    157,041   1,020,305   1,177,346 
Non-controlling interest    2,097   -   2,097 
Profit for the year   $159,138   1,020,305   1,179,443 
               
Comprehensive income attributable to:              
Controlling interest    192,677   1,049,056   1,241,733 
Non-controlling interest    2,097   -   2,097 
Total comprehensive income for the year   $194,774   1,049,056   1,243,830 
a)Property, Plant and Equipment - The Company has taken the “Deemed Cost” option at the transition date by applying the fair value option for certainDeemed cost of property, plant and equipment at December, 2011, according to IFRS 1 “First time adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards”.

According to Mexican FRS, the Company initially recorded the property, plant and equipment at acquisition cost, and through December 31, 2007, adjusted for inflation by using factors derived from National Consumer Price Index (NCPI).

At transition date to IFRS, the Company initially opted to apply the “Fair Value” option through appraisals performed by independent appraisers. This option remained during 2012 interim periods; however, after detailed analysis, management decided to change its accounting policy to recognize the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment under Mexican FRS as “Deemed Cost” at the date of transition to IFRS. Because of this, there are no reconciling effects in this caption.

 

b)Employee Benefits -Severanceaccrual has been written-off since such liability does not meet the requirement required by the accounting standard IAS 19 “Employee Benefits”.

c)Stockholders’ equity –The adjustment that will be recognized at the transition date will be accounted for against retained earnings.

d)Inflation effects -According to IAS 29 “Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies”, accumulatedEffects of inflation effects recognized in periods that do not qualify as hyperinflationary in accordance with IFRS will be eliminated from the equity accounts against retained earnings, such as capital stock, additional paid-in-capital, and reserve for repurchase of shares.

F-79

e)Deferred Income Tax -Deferred income taxes were accounted for the adjustments that were initially recognized in the financial statements caption at the transition date to IFRS.

f)Business combination -The Company has taken the option provided by IFRS 1, thus will not apply IFRS 3 retrospectively to past business combinations that occurred before the date of transition to IFRS.

 

Best estimated information regardingIAS 29 “Financial reporting in hyperinflationary economies” requires the significant changes in captions of the Company’s financial statements impacted by the IFRS adoption at January 1, 2011 (transition date) are listed below. The Company is in the process to determine the significant changes in main captions of the financial statement at December 31, 2011 as they are currently obtaining all complementary information to determine the final effects at such date, however, the Company estimates that such effects will not change significantly:

January 1, 2011 note  MEX FRS  Adjustment at
transition date
  IFRS 
ASSETS                
Current assets     $9,537,718  $-  $9,537,718 
Property, plant and equipment, net  a   10,544,031   (403,563)  10,140,468 
Other non current assets      1,116,019   -   1,116,019 
Total assets     $21,197,768  $(403,563) $20,794,205 
                 
LIABILITIES                
Current liabilities     $2,166,754  $-  $2,166,754 
Long term debt      507,053   -   507,053 
Labor obligations  b   126,457   (69,359)  57,098 
Deferred income tax  e   2,029,150   (71,732)  1,957,418 
Total liabilities     $4,829,414  $(141,091) $4,688,323 
                 
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY                
Capital Stock  d  $2,294,927  $(902,051) $1,392,876 
Additional paid- in capital  d   744,753   (286,244)  458,509 
Retained earnings  c,d   13,122,387   987,031   14,109,418 
Other equity captions  d   206,287   (61,208)  145,079 
Total stockholders’ equity     $16,368,354  $(262,472) $16,105,882 

ii)Short-term debt payment

On January 25, 2012, the Company paid the debt of $200,000 mentioned in note 12a.

iii)Stockholders meeting

At the stockholders meeting held on April 25, 2012 the stockholders approved, among others:

a-Ratification of the membership of Board of Directors.

b-Dividend decree of $0.50 per share in nominal pesos.

(23)Differences between Mexican Financial Reporting Standards and United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with Mexican Financial Reporting Standards (“MexFRS”), which differ in certain respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”).

The principal differences between MexFRS and U.S. GAAP, as they relate to us, are described below with an explanation, where appropriate, of the method used to determine the adjustments that affect net income and stockholders’ equity, or additional disclosures as applicable.

Business Combination

OK Industries acquisition

Bachoco applies the purchase method as the sole recognition alternative for a business combination by allocating the purchase price to all assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date.

As it is mentioned in note 1 “Significant transaction”, to the consolidated financial statements, on November 1, 2011 the Company acquired 100% percent of the voting stock of OK Industries, Inc., the aggregate purchase price that was paid in cash, amounted to 93,400 thousand USD.

As of December 31, 2011 Bachoco was in the process of allocating the fair values to the assets acquired and liabities asumed. The consolidated financial statements of Bachoco include the balance sheet of OK Industries, Inc., as of December 31, 2011, based on the best estimate of its net asset’s fair value as of the acquisition date, and its results of operations for the two-month period ended December 31, 2011. The fair values of these net assets acquired were determined using the cost and market approaches.The following summarizes the difference between the purchase price and the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired at the purchase date:

Allocated to: US GAAP 
US dollars
  USGAAP
pesos
 
       
Cash and cash equivalents $21  $288 
Accounts receivable  25,051   340,443 
Inventories  69,869   949,518 
Refundable income taxes  894   12,155 
Other current assets  2,234   30,358 
Property, plant and equipment  124,649   1,693,980 
Investment in life insurance contracts  2,539   34,505 
Investment in unconsolidated entity  2,722   36,993 
Other long-term receivable  6,024   81,866 
Total assets acquired  234,003   3,180,106 
         
Accounts payable  (14,985)  (203,631)
Other current liabilities  (13,303)  (180,773)
Deferred compensation liability  (412)  (5,597)
Deferred income taxes  (38,206)  (519,189)
Total liabilities assumed  (66,906)  (909,190)
         
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated entity  (516)  (7,025)
         
Net assets acquired  166,581   2,263,891 
Less cost to acquire  93,400   1,269,306 
         
Gain on bargain purchase $73,181  $994,585 
         

F-82

Under MexFRS B-7 “Business acquisitions”, if the fair value of net assets acquired exceeds the aggregate purchase price amount (bargain purchase), then the fair value of the net assets value shall be adjusted up to the purchase price amount as it is considered the fair value of the transaction between two independent parties in a free market.

Adjustment to the fair value of the net assets acquired should be applied by reducing the fair value of certain assets until exhausting its value in the following order: a) firstly, intangible assets, b) then, long-term monetary assets as property, plant and equipment, and c) finally, any other long-term assets as permanent investments. Once the fair value of such asset is exhausted the remaining amount, if any, should be recognized as a gain on bargain purchase in the income statement on the acquisition date.

In accordance with the provision of MexFRS B-7, the Company reduced the fair value of the property, plant and equipment and the related deferred income taxes up to the amount of the gain on bargain purchase ($994,585 (73,181 thousand USD)).

For U.S. GAAP purposes, ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations, mentions that occasionally, an acquirer will make a bargain purchase, which is a business combination in which the fair value of the net assets acquired exceeds the aggregate purchase price amount. If that excess remains after the acquirer, reassess whether it has correctly identified and determined the fair value of all assets acquired, and liabilities assumed, any non-controlling interest in the acquired entity, any previously held equity interest in the acquired entity, and the consideration transferred, then the acquirer shall recognize the resulting gain in earnings on the acquisition date. The gain shall be attributed to the acquirer. Therefore, for U.S. GAAP purposes, the Company recognized in earnings the amount of $994,585 (73,181 thousand USD) as a gain on bargain purchase.

For U.S. GAAP purposes, the Company recognized in the 2011 income statements, a depreciation expense of $18,546 and a deferred tax benefit of $7,000 related to the depreciation of the fair values assigned to property, plant and equipment that come from OK Industries, Inc. acquisition.

Moreover, an additional amount of $27,535 related to translation effect of foreign subsidiary (OK Industries, Inc.) was recognized for U.S. GAAP purposes in other comprehensive income, to reach a total amount of $63,171 related to such translation effect of foreign subsidiary ($35,636 recognized under Mex FRS)

F-83

In addition, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2010-29 “Business Combination (Topic 805) Disclosures of Supplementary Pro Forma Information for Business Combinations,” requests to public entities that presents comparative financial statements to disclose revenue and earnings of the combined entity as though the business combination that occurred during the current year had been as of the beginning of the comparable prior annual reporting period. ASU also expands the supplemental pro forma disclosures to include a description of the nature and amount of material, nonrecurring pro forma adjustments directly attributable to the business combination. This unaudited disclosure is shown as follow:

 Combined Figures
  Thousands
USD
  Thousands
USD
 
  Jan 1,
through
December
31, 2010
(Unaudited)
  Jan 1,
through
December
31, 2011
(Unaudited)
 
Results of operations:        
Net Sales $2,382,735  $2,605,050 
Operating income  128,941   214,707 
Net income  58,916   157,939 

No proforma adjustments were deemed necessary by the Company.

F-84

Effects of inflation

MexFRS B-10 “Effects of inflation" (applicable for years beginning on or after January 1, 2008), supersedes Bulletin B-10 of MexFRS "Recognition of the effects of inflation on the financial information", and its fifth amendment documents as well asinformation when the related circulars and Mexican Interpretationentity operates in a hyperinflationary economy, being one of Financial Reporting Standards. the characteristics when the cumulative inflation rate over three years approaches, or exceeds, 100%.

The main consideration established by this MexFRS islast three-year period where Mexico was a hyperinflationary economy was from 1995 to 1997. Therefore, the recognition ofCompany eliminated the effects of inflation, when an entity operatesrecognized under Mexican FRS, in an inflationary economic environment (defined as when cumulative inflation over the immediately preceding three year period is equal to or greater than 26%) applicable asequity accounts, from January 1, 2008. Therefore, the last restatement factor applied to financial statements for the year ended December 2007 was 1.0376, which corresponds to the annual rate of inflation from December 31, 20061998 to December 31, 2007 based on the(last period in which inflation effects were recognized under Mexican National Consumer Price Index (NCPI) published by Banco de Mexico.FRS).

 

The reconciliation to U.S. GAAP does not includefollowing table summarizes the reversalimpact of the adjustments to the financial statements for the effects related to the inflation required under MexFRS because the application of MexFRS B-10 represents a comprehensive measure of the effects of price level changes in the Mexican economy and, as such it is considered a more meaningful presentation than historical cost base over financial reporting for both Mexican and U.S. accounting purposes as permitted by the “Securities and Exchange Commission” (SEC).change:

 

Cash flow information

Consolidated statement of financial
position
 January 1,
2011
  December 31,
2011
 
Share capital $1,120,495   1,120,495 
Additional paid-in capital  345,112   345,112 
Stock repurchase reserve  65,598   65,598 
Non-controlling interest  22,082   22,082 
Adjustment to retained earnings $(1,553,287)  (1,553,287)

 

MexFRS B-2 “Statement of cash flow” was revised and changes are effective beginning January 1, 2010. The changes in the presentation were recognized retrospectively and are related to “available on demand-investment” that should be highly liquid (original maturities of three months or less).

At December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, restricted cash amounting to $8,270, $8,899, and $1,641 respectively, are being reclassified for U.S. GAAP purposes from the line-item “cash and cash equivalents” to “restricted cash”, within investing activities, since such restricted cash does not meet the definition of cash equivalents according to FASB ASC Topic 230Statement of cash flows (SFAS 95Statement of cash flows).

F-85c)Employee benefits

Consolidated statements of cash flows derived from information prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP would be as presented as follows:

Cash Flow Information Years ended December 31, 
  2009  2010  2011 
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:            
Net income under U.S. GAAP $798,440  $1,977,951  $1,180,685 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:            
Depreciation  667,354   697,364   749,334 
Bargain purchase  -   -   (994,585)
Deferred income tax  291,459   50,949   (155,502)
Unrealized loss (gain) on derivative financial instruments  (785,398)  (1,625)  2,689 
Foreign exchange loss on loans  -   -   34,500 
Loss on sale of property, plant and equipment  88,186   148,571   46,671 
Labor obligations, net period cost  46,682   42,865   43,427 
   1,106,723   2,916,075   907,219 
Changes in assets and liabilities:            
Accounts receivable $(44,359) $(60,654) $(199,177)
Inventories and biological assets  274,541   (945)  (877,238)
Prepaid expenses and other accounts receivable  (934)  16,265   (67,166)
Accounts payable  2,058   (81,696)  565,424 
Related parties payable  17,277   (6,740)  17,670 
Other taxes payable and other accruals  109,168   (44,048)  (242,673)
Labor obligations, net  (40,452)  (18,749)  (35,201)
Cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities to next page $1,424,022  $2,719,508  $68,858 
  Years ended December 31, 
  2009  2010  2011 
Cash flows  provided by (used in) operating activities from previous page $1,424,022  $2,719,508  $68,858 
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:            
Acquisition of property, plant and Equipment $(988,250) $(560,586) $(849,334)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and Equipment  16,541   42,179   83,946 
Restricted cash  215,651   (629)  7,258 
Investment securities  316,162   (57,507)  (201,373)
Business acquisition  -   -   (1,326,741)
Other assets  (650)  (1,497)  (4,589)
Cash flows used in  investing activities $(440,546) $(578,040) $(2,290,833)
             
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:            
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable to Banks $1,044,611  $778,955  $1,930,541 
Repayment of long-term debt and notes payable  (706,668)  (1,095,870)  (774,598)
Cash dividends paid  (250,045)  (250,082)  (299,926)
Dividends paid to non-controlling interest  (1,035)  (1,186)  (912)
Additional paid-in capital  1,079   (5,167)  (209)
Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities  87,942   (573,350)  854,896 
Translation effect of foreign subsidiary  -   -   32,124 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and equivalents  1,071,418   1,568,118   (1,334,955)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year  1,319,439   2,390,857   3,958,975 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $2,390,857  $3,958,975  $2,624,020 

Supplemental disclosure of cash flows information:

  Years ended December 31, 
  2009  2010  2011 
Interest paid during the year $(90,192) $(73,519) $(60,809)
Payment of valuation effects of financial instruments  177,740   -   - 
Income taxes paid during the year $(107,158) $(495,846) $(121,982)

F-87

Agriculture:

The Company follows the requirements of the MexFRS bulletin E-1,Agriculture, which establishes the rules for recognizing, valuing, presenting and disclosing biological assets and agricultural products.

This bulletin establishes that biological assets and the agricultural products (the latter at the time of their harvesting) are to be valued at their fair value, net of estimated costs at point of sale. Also, the bulletin establishes that whenever the fair value cannot be determined in a reliable, verifiable and objective manner, the assets are to be valued at their production cost, net of accumulated impairment, if any.

 

In accordancemaking its transition to IFRS, the Company eliminated the termination benefits liability which does not comply with U.S. GAAP, under FASB ASC 905 Topic “Agriculture”the guidelines established by the IAS 19 “Employee Benefits”, sub-topic 330 Inventory biological assets and agricultural products are to be valued at cost. Accordingly,recognizing in addition, the reconciliation between MexFRS and U.S. GAAPcorresponding effect on deferred income for 2009, 2010 and 2011 includes a reversal of the unrealized gain (loss) on valuation of biological assets and agricultural products at fair value, which shows an increases of $7,214 and increases of $32,016 and a decrease of ($2,558), respectively.taxes.

The impact from such change is summarized below:

 

Consolidated statement of
comprehensive income
 2011 
Cost of sales $5,275 
General expense, selling and administrative  1,248 
Income tax  8,913 
Adjustment to the year’s net income $15,436 

Capitalized interest:

Consolidated statement of financial
position
 January 1,
2011
  December 31,
2011
 
Employee benefits $48,573   42,049 
Adjustment to the year´s net income  -   15,436 
Deferred income tax liability  13,093   4,180 
Adjustment to retained earnings $(61,666)  (61,666)

d)Acquisition of a foreign business

 

Under MexFRS D-6 starting January 1, 2007, capitalized interest is comprehensively measuredDuring 2011, derived from the business combinations disclosed in order to include: (i) the interest expense, plus (ii) any foreign exchange fluctuations, and less (iii) the related monetary position result, which was applicable until December 31, 2007, because of the adoption of the new MexFRS B-10 that came into effect on January 1, 2008. Althoughnote 6, under IFRS the Company adoptedrecognized under IFRS an increase in the policyvalue of capitalizing the comprehensive result of financing on assets under construction, as a result of MexFRS D-6, during 2009, 2010 and 2011, there were no construction projects identified with interest expense related to debt, as described in Note 2j.

Under U.S. GAAP, interest expense incurred during the qualifying construction period must be considered as an additional cost of qualifying constructed assets to be capitalized in property, plant and equipment and depreciated overin order to recognize such assets at fair value, based on the lives ofguidelines provided by the related assets. The amount of the capitalized interest for U.S. GAAP purposes was determined by applying the weighted average interest rate of financing. During 2009, 2010 and 2011, there were no qualifying construction projects.

Deferred income tax and deferred employee statutory profit sharing:IFRS 3 “Business Combinations”.

 

Under MexFRS,Mexican FRS, when there is a gain from bargain purchase price, the fair values of non-monetary assets are reduced to compensate the resulting gain from the business combinations.

Such business combinations were performed at a bargain purchase price originating, the effects detailed below:

Consolidated statement of financial position December 31,
2011
 
Property, plant and equipment $1,672,692 
Assets available for sale  48,895 
Translation reserve  (28,751)
Deferred income tax liability  (657,094)
Gain on bargain purchase $(1,035,742)
     
Consolidated statement of comprehensive
income:
 2011 
Cost of sales  18,546 
Other income (expense), net $(1,047,288)
Income taxes  (7,000)
Increase to the year’s net income $1,035,742 

e)Income tax

Derived from the effects that the Company determinesrecognized at the date of transition to IFRS on the items described above, the following effects were recognized on the deferred income taxes in a manner similar to U.S. GAAP, using the asset and liability method, by applying the enacted statutory income tax rate. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and for operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. For MexFRS presentation purposes, deferred tax assets and liabilities are long-term items, while under U.S. GAAP, deferred tax assets and liabilities should be classified as short-term or long-term items depending on the nature of the caption that gives rise to such deferred tax assets and liabilities.tax:

 

Consolidated statement of
comprehensive income
  Note  2011 
Deferred tax of employee benefits  (c)  $8,913 
Deferred tax of business combination  (d)   (7,000)
Adjustment to the year’s net income     $1,913 
Consolidated statements
of financial position
  Note  January 1,
2011
  December 31,
2011
 
Employee benefits  (c)  $13,093   4,180 
Business combination  (d)   -   (657,094)
Asset reclassification of deferred income tax      -   174,141 
Decrease (increase) in deferred tax liabilities     $13,093   (478,773)

Under U.S. GAAP, as of December 31, 2010 and 2011, the long term deferred tax liability is $1,825,344 and $2,132,907 respectively. Short term deferred tax liability is $526,395 and $608,009 as of December 31, 2010 and 2011, respectively.

f)Retained earnings

 

The deferred tax adjustment includednet effects that the Company recognized at transition date to IFRS in the net income and stockholders’ equity reconciliations includes the effect of deferred taxes on all U.S. GAAP adjustments reflected in the reconciliation from MexFRS to U.S. GAAP. Under U.S. GAAP, the Company recognizes a deferred tax liability associated with profits originated during the simplified regime that have not paid income tax previously, but would be subject to taxation upon future distributions under the Mexican tax law. Due to the accounting change under MexFRS in 2009, this concept generates a reconciling difference to U.S. GAAP. The deferred tax liability under this concept amounted $309,106 and $270,029 as of December 31, 2010 and 2011, respectively.

The Company is required to pay Employee Statutory Profit Sharing (ESPS) in accordance with Mexican labor law. In accordance with MexFRS D-3 “Employee Benefits”, deferred ESPS is determined under the asset and liability method at the statutory rate of 10%. This methodology is similar to the approach under FASB ASC Topic 740 “Income Taxes” (SFAS 109Accounting for Income Taxes).

The Company’s reconciliations between MexFRS and U.S. GAAP do not include deferred ESPS since there is no amount to be booked.

Under MexFRS, current ESPS is recorded within other expenses, net. Under U.S. GAAP, ESPS is classified as selling, general and administrative expenses.

Severance indemnities

MexFRS D-3 “Labor Obligations” requires among other things, that employee benefits should be classified in four main categories; direct short-term and long term, termination and post-employment benefits. MexFRS D-3 establishes a maximum five-year period for amortizing unrecognized/unamortized items while actuarial gains or losses may be recognized as earned or incurred. Unlike termination benefits, post-employment benefit actuarial gains or losses may be immediatelymentioned above, were recognized in results of operations or amortized over the expected service life of the employees.

Under U.S. GAAP, FASB ASC Topic 712 “Compensation-Non retirement Post employment Benefits”required that a liability for certain termination benefits provided under an ongoing benefit arrangement such as statutorily mandated severance indemnities should be recognized in results of operations when the employers’ obligations relates to rendered services, the likelihood of future settlement is probable and the liability can be reasonably estimated. Therefore, as of December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, the amounts of past service cost amortized under MexFRS was $4,828, $4,828 and $4,667, respectively. Such amounts have been reversed for U.S. GAAP since these amounts had been already recognized in the results of operations under U.S. GAAP. These amounts were included in the U.S. GAAP reconciliation of net income and equity.

FASB ASC Topic 715 “Compensation-Retirement Benefits”

Under MexFRS D-3, companies must amortize transition obligations/benefits, over a maximum period of 5 years. This requirement has resulted in an increase in net periodic pension cost under MexFRS which is being reversed for US GAAP purposes.

FASB ASC Topic 715 “Compensation-Retirement Benefits”, requires companies to recognize the funded or unfunded status of defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans as a net asset or liability and to recognize changes in that funded or unfunded status in the year in which the changes occur through accumulated other comprehensive income to the extent those changes are included in the net periodic cost. The funded status reported on the balance sheet as of December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011 under FASB ASC Topic 715 “Compensation-Retirement Benefits” was measured as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the projected benefit obligation on a plan-by-plan basis.

The components of the plan funded status that is reflected in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2010 and 2011 areretained earnings as follows:

 

  2010 
  Pension
plan
  Seniority
premium
  Severance  Total 
Projected benefit obligation $229,609   83,871  $57,286  $370,766 
Market value of plan assets  (256,382)  -   -   (256,382)
(Funded) unfunded defined benefit plan (asset) liability $(26,773)  83,871  $57,286  $114,384 

  2011 
  Pension
plan
  Seniority
premium
  Severance  Total 
Projected benefit obligation $203,164   76,382  $61,025  $340,571 
Market value of plan assets  (250,855)  -   -   (250,855)
(Funded) unfunded defined benefit plan (asset) liability $(47,691)  76,382  $61,025  $89,716 
Consolidated statements
of financial position
 Note January 1,
2011
  December 31,
2011
 
Inflation effects (b) $(1,553,287)  (1,553,287)
Employee benefits (c)  (61,666)  (61,666)
Effects in year´s net income See below  -   (1,020,305)
Increase in retained earnings   $(1,614,953)  (2,635,258)

 

The asset allocations of the Company’s pension benefits as of December 31, 2010 and 2011 measurement dates were as follows:

  Pension benefits (Level 2) 
Asset category:  2010   2011 
Debt securities $256,382  $250,855 
Total $256,382  $250,855 

Goodwill:

Beginning January 1, 2005, due toChanges arising from the adoption of MexFRS B-7, goodwill is no longer amortized, but rather is subject to annual impairment test, and also in interim periods when impairment indicators are noted.

For U.S. GAAP purposes, goodwill is reviewed for impairment at least annually in accordance withIFRS increased the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 350, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other”. Up to December 31, 2004, the Company recognized an accumulated effect (increase in equity) of $58,716 due to the reversal of amortization of goodwill recognized under MexFRS, restoring the goodwill amount in order to comply with U.S. GAAP. The goodwill impairment test is a two-step test. Under the first step, the fair value of the reporting unit is compared with its carrying value (including goodwill). If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, an indication of goodwill impairment exists for the reporting unit and the enterprise must perform step two of the impairment test (measurement). Under step two, an impairment loss is recognized for any excess of the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill over the implied fair value of that goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined by allocating the fair value of the reporting unit in a manner similar to a purchase price allocation and the residual fair value after this allocation is the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. Fair value of the reporting unit is determined using a discounted cash flow analysis. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, step two does not need to be performed.2011 year’s net income as shown below:

 

The Company performs its annual impairment review of goodwill at December 31, and when a triggering event occurs between annual impairment tests. In 2009, 2010 and 2011, no triggering events occurred and the annual impairment test did not reflect any impairment concern.

Consolidated statement of
comprehensive income
  Note  2011 
Employee benefits  (c)  $6,524 
Deferred taxes – employee benefits  (c)   8,913 
Gain on bargain purchase  (d)   (1,035,742)
Increase to the year’s net income     $(1,020,306)

 

Reporting comprehensive income:

For U.S. GAAP reconciliation purposes, the Company has adopted the FASB ASC Topic 220 “Comprehensive Income”, which establishes rules for reporting and disclosure of comprehensive income and its components. Comprehensive income consists of current year net (loss) income plus (less) the change in stockholders’ equity resulting from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. For the 2009, 2010 and 2011 fiscal years the components of comprehensive income are the net income, and labor obligation under FASB ASC Topic 715 “Compensation-Retirement Benefits”net of taxes. In addition, for the 2011 fiscal year there is a translation effect of foreign subsidiary as part of the comprehensive income. Comprehensive income effects and amounts under US GAAP are disclosed in the consolidated statements of stockholder´s equity in accordance with US GAAP.

Impairment of long-lived assets:

Under US GAAP, an impairment test on long-lived assets requires a two-step process to determine the amount of any impairment loss to be recognized when events and circumstances indicated that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The first step of this test requires the determination of whether the carrying amount of the long-lived asset is recoverable through the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset (asset group). The second step requires the determination of the amount of impairment loss to be recognized by comparing the carrying amount of the asset (asset group) to its fair value. Mexican FRS does not require a two-step impairment evaluation process for long-lived assets but rather, a direct comparison is made between the recoverable amount (higher of value in use and fair value less cost to sale) and carrying value. Since there were no impairment indicators or triggering events, no impairment losses on long-lived assets have been recorded in 2009, 2010 and 2011.

F-93

Valuation and Qualifying accounts:

Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. Write-off’s for 2009, 2010 and 2011 were as follows:

     Balance at
beginning
of period
  Business Acquisition
(OK Industries)
  Charged to
cost and
expenses
  Deductions  Balance
at end of
period
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts  2011  $32,990  $699  $15,298  $(10,450) $38,537 
   2010  $29,801  $-  $18,743  $(15,554) $32,990 
   2009  $28,320  $-  $12,647  $(11,166) $29,801 

The Company does not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to its customers.

Investment Securities

All rights and obligations arising from primary investment securities are recognized on the balance sheet and the company classifies its investment securities depending on the purpose for which the securities were acquired: (i) held-to-maturity, (ii) trading, or (iii) available for sale. Investments in these instruments are reflected on the line-item “current primary investment securities” within cash and investments, denominated in Mexican peso and US dollar.

Trading securities, except held-to-maturity, are recorded at fair value, where peso-denominated debt securities are taken from the bank statements which are based on the information of the local price vendors, while US-denominated debt securities are based on diversified sources. Held-to-maturity securities are recorded at amortized cost. Changes in the carrying amounts of trading securities, including the related costs and yields are included under comprehensive financial results. Gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of available-for-sale securities (less the corresponding yield) non functional currency denominated and foreign exchange gain or loss, in the case of equity securities, as well as the related monetary position gain or loss, as applicable, are reported as a comprehensive income (loss) item within stockholders’ equity.

Furthermore, where evidence exists that a financial asset held-to-maturity shall not be recovered in full, the expected loss (impairment) is recognized in the statement of operations.

Several securities were no longer traded actively in the financial markets, hence the Company, in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 320 “Investment-Debt and Equity Securities”, transferred Commercial Paper classified as trading securities to the Held-To-Maturity category starting October 1, 2008.

F-94

Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Hedging Activities

The Company accounts for derivatives and hedging activities in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”, which requires entities to recognize all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities in the balance sheet at their respective fair values. For derivatives designated into qualified fair value hedging relationships, changes in the fair value are either offset through earnings against the change in fair value of the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged or if a qualified cash flow hedging relationship is designated, the effective portion changes on the fair value of the derivatives are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income. Amounts are reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings when the hedged item is recognized in earnings affecting the same revenue or expense item where the hedged item impacts.

The Company enters into transactions denominated in foreign currencies, buying and selling options. These derivatives are not designated as hedging instruments for financial reporting purposes, thus the changes in their fair values are recorded in earnings each period.

Relative to grain usage, the Company enters into derivative contracts designated to hedge firm commitments not recognized as assets or liabilities in the balance sheet (fair value hedges). However, derivatives not designated under a hedging relationship or those do not qualify under strict hedge accounting criteria, are accounted for as trading instruments with changes in fair value recorded in earnings each period. As of November 1st, 2011, the Company acquired OK Industries Inc., and with this acquisition the Company acquired open positions on grain options listed in CBOT (Chicago Board of Trade). The changes in the fair value of these instruments have been also recorded in earnings each period since that date.

F-95

For all qualifying hedging relationships, the Company formally documents the hedging relationship, including its risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge, the hedging instrument, the hedged item, the nature of the risk being hedged, how the hedging instrument’s effectiveness in offsetting the hedged risk will be assessed prospectively and retrospectively, and a description of the method of measuring ineffectiveness.

For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify for a hedging relationship under the fair value hedge accounting model, the Company recognizes the changes in fair value of the derivative directly in earnings each period, as well as the changes in fair value attributable to the hedged risk of the hedged item, that is grain firm commitments (off-balance sheet executory contracts) which latter become recognized assets (grain inventory).

The Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively when it determines that the derivative is no longer effective in offsetting changes in fair value or if the derivative expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or if the derivative is no longer designated as a hedging instrument because the management determines that designation of the derivative as a hedging instrument is no longer appropriate.

In all situations in which hedge accounting is discontinued and the derivative instrument remains outstanding, the Company continues to carry the derivative instrument at its fair value on the balance sheet and recognizes any subsequent changes in its fair value within current earnings.

On January 1, 2009, the Company adopted the provisions of SFAS 161,Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (included in Topic 815-10:Derivatives and Hedging – Overall), which amends the disclosure requirements for derivative instruments and hedging activities.

The Company has implemented fair value hedge relationships with firm commitments as hedged item, using bought options on grain futures. Hedge accounting for these relationships does require the recognition of either an asset (gain) or a liability (loss) attributable to the hedged risk (intrinsic changes only) on the balance sheet against current earnings where the changes in the fair value hedge derivatives effects are also recognized and do compensate.

F-96
 

When the same bought options on corn grain futures are redesigned as to hedge a portion of corn/sorghum inventories, once these became recognized assets, the changes in these inventory’s portion fair values adjust the carrying value of such grain inventories against current earnings, where the changes in fair value of the designated derivatives offset in current earnings these decreases in the inventories’ fair value. The cash flow statement is affected when the derivatives’ cash flow from early exercises or those that end up with intrinsic value are collected from ASERCA.

During 2011, the Company took long positions in 6,767 put option contracts on corn futures listed in the CBOT (each conveys 5,000 bushels), which gave the right to the Company for selling 859,477 metric tons at certain strike price 5,493 of these put option contracts reached their maturity during 2011 and provided to the Company a realized gain at correspondent expirations of $1.9 millions of dollars which was recognized in current earnings into cost of goods sold.

DerivativeFinancial Instruments and Risk Hedging Activities:

As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company used commodity derivatives to manage its exposure to commodity prices, and foreign exchange rate derivatives. The Company does not enter into derivative instruments for any purpose other than hedging its exposure to these commodity prices and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, however, derivatives that did not qualify for hedge accounting were accounted as trading instruments. By the end of 2008 and amended in 2010, the Company did establish a Corporate Policy associated to the use of foreign exchange derivatives, where instruments entered in the amount of up to 30 Million USD are approved by the Risk Committee, while entering into an amount higher than this amount does require Board’s approval.

By using derivative financial instruments to hedge exposures to changes in commodity prices and exchange rate fluctuations, the Company exposes itself to credit risk and market risk. Credit risk is the failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contract. When the fair value of a derivative contract is positive, the counterparty owes the Company, which creates credit risk for the Company. When the fair value of a derivative contract is negative, the Company owes the counterparty and, therefore, the Company is not exposed to the counterparty’s credit risk in those circumstances. Positive fair value derivatives are carried as financial assets on the balance sheet, while negative fair values are presented as current liabilities on the balance sheet.

F-97

The Company maintains a commodity-price-risk management strategy that uses derivative instruments to minimize significant, unanticipated earnings fluctuations caused by commodity-price volatility. The manufacturing of the Company’s products requires a significant volume of grain. Price fluctuations in grain cause market values of grain inventory to differ from its cost and cause the actual purchase price of the grain to differ from the anticipated price.

As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company has periodically entered into grain futures and options on futures (F&O) contracts traded at the CBOT through New Edge, and Jefferies Bache a F&O brokers on behalf of the Company, to economically hedge a portion of its anticipated purchases of grains, against the risk associated with fluctuations in market prices. These F&O contracts were not designated as hedges; thus, changes in fair value were recognized directly in earnings each period.

Also, the Company has entered into options on futures of corn, as to hedge the downward changes in the prices of grains, corn and sorghum, when the pricing of these are fixed through firm commitments, based on a Mexican Government sponsored program named “Agricultura por Contrato” managed by ASERCA (Apoyos y Servicios a la Comercialización Agropecuaria), a governmental entity ascribed to Mexico’s Secretary of Farming and Agriculture (SAGARPA, Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación). This program basically represents a subsidy to the Company, through which, a commodities-related price hedging program scheme is offered to both farmers and agro-business entities such as the Company. The ASERCA program had two participating modalities: during 2011 for which the Company applied (i) 10% of the payment of the option’s premium and 100% of the benefit with a 60% discount on the amount of the initial premium, or (ii) 50% of the payment of the option’s premium, and 100% of the benefit in the payment of the premium of the bought options with a 38% discount on the amount of the initial premium.

Also, in this program ASERCA plays the role of the intermediary between the Company and the CBOT, but stands as the counterparty. These are put options on futures listed at the CBOT and are designated as fair value hedging relationships. The changes in the fair value of these options and the fair value of the hedged item (firm commitments) are recognized in earnings. Changes in the fair value of the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk, that were recognized within the consolidated balance sheet as either an asset or liability from the grain firm commitment’s valuation or as an adjustment to the carrying value of the inventory when the edged item is the grain inventory during the hedging relationship, where the firm commitment’s fair value effects are subsequently  reclassified as hedge adjustments to cost of goods sold when the related inventory layer affect earnings as cost of goods sold.

As of December 31, 2010 and 2011, the Company had entered into foreign currency exchange rate derivatives, traded with the following financial institutions as of December 31, 2010: UBS Group and Santander (México) and as of December 31, 2011: UBS Group Morgan Stanley and Morgan Stanley, S. A. These structured derivatives were not designated in a hedging relationship, hence changes in the fair value for these instruments were recognized in earnings each period. Likewise, the Company entered into over-the-counter (OTC) grain derivatives with Cargill Incorporated and exchange traded derivatives through, New Edge and Jefferies Bache which were not designated as hedges and consequently, the changes in their fair values were also recognized in earnings each period.

As of December 31, 2010 and 2011, the Company had not established any current hedging relationship under the cash flow hedge model; hence there is no derivatives effect in other comprehensive income as of these dates.

Fair Value Measurements and the Fair Value Option of Financial Instruments:

The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

When feasible, the Company uses quoted market prices to determine fair values. Where quoted market prices are not available, the fair value is internally derived based upon valuation methodologies with respect to the amount and timing of future cash flows and estimated discount rates adjusted for both counterparty and entity’s own risk. However, considerable judgment is required in interpreting market data to develop estimates of fair value, so the estimates including both counterparty and entity’s own risk adjustment are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized or would be paid in a current market exchange, but those are proxy estimates. The effect of using different market assumptions or estimation methodologies could be material to the estimated fair values. Fair value information presented herein is based on information available as of December 31, 2010 and 2011. Fair values vary from period to period based on changes in a wide range of risk factors, including interest rates, credit quality, and market perceptions of value and as existing assets and liabilities run off and new transactions are entered into.

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments:

Cash, trade accounts receivable, other account receivables, other assets (nonderivatives), trade accounts payable, due to affiliated company, and accrued expenses (nonderivatives): The carrying amounts, at face value or cost plus accrued interest, reported in the consolidated balance sheets equal or approximate fair values, due to the short maturity of these instruments.

Investment securities: The Company classifies its investment securities depending on the purpose for which the securities were acquired, its holding period objective and the Company’s ability to hold them until maturity as either: (i) trading, (ii) held-to-maturity or (iii) available for sale. Trading securities and available for sale securities are recognized at fair value, determined by using quoted market prices multiplied by the quantity held when quoted market prices are available. Held-to-maturity securities are reported at amortized cost.

Futures and Options on Futures of Grains: Exchange listed futures and options on futures are valued using the closing (settlement) price observed at the CBOT on the last business day of the year.

F-100

Currency exchange rate options: The fair value of these over-the-counter options is determined using option pricing models that value the potential for the option to become “in the money” through changes in currency exchange rate prices during the remaining term of the derivative. Inputs to that option pricing model reflect observable market data, including implied volatility determined by reference to exchange traded options on futures.

Note payables to banks, long and short term debt: The fair value of the Company’s long-term debt is measured using quoted offered-side prices when quoted market prices are available. If quoted market prices are not available, the fair value is determined by discounting the future cash flows of each instrument at rates that reflect, among other things, market interest rates and the Company’s credit standing. For long-term debt measurements, where there are not rates currently observable in publicly traded debt markets of similar terms to companies with comparable credit, the Company uses market interest rates and adjusts that rate for all necessary risks, including its own credit risk. In determining an appropriate spread to reflect its credit standing, the Company considers credit default swap spreads, bond yields of other long-term debt offered by the Company, and interest rates currently offered to the Company for similar debt instruments of comparable maturities by the Company’s bankers as well as other banks that regularly compete to provide financing to the Company.

In accordance to FASB ASC Topic 825 “Financial Instruments” (SFAS 107Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments), the following table presents both the carrying and estimated fair value of assets and liabilities considered financial instruments under this Statement. Others items like short and long term debt not carried and recognized originally at fair value are also presented in the table at their fair value. The disclosure excludes leases, pension and benefit obligations, as well as insurance policy reserve. Also as required, the disclosures excludes the effect of taxes, any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the entire holdings of a particular instrument, excess fair value associated with deposit with no fixed maturity and other expenses that would be incurred in a market transaction.

F-101

According to the FASB ASC Topic 825, certain items are excluded from this table, such as receivables and payables that arises from the ordinary course of business.

  2010  2011 
  Carrying
amount
  Fair
value
  Carrying
amount
  Fair value 
Cash $513,076  $513,076  $472,318  $472,318 
Investment Securities  3,655,247   3,655,247   2,565,661   2,565,661 
                 
Short term debt  (139,867)  (163,405)  (1,452,993)  (1,477,537)
Long term debt  (507,053)  (466,930)  (384,370)  (363,146)

Fair Value Hierarchy:

FASB ASC Topic 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. FASB ASC Topic 820 also establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.

The Company adopted FASB ASC Topic 820 on January 1, 2008 for fair value measurements of financial assets and financial liabilities and for fair value measurements of nonfinancial items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. On January 1, 2009, the Company adopted the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 820 for fair value measurements of nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a nonrecurring basis. FASB ASC Topic 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to measurements involving significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

·g)Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these products does not entail a significant degree of judgment.

·Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Assets and liabilities utilizing Level 2 inputs include investment securities that are not actively traded and derivative contracts.

·Level 3 inputs for the asset or liability are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.Reclassification

 

The levelFor IFRS purposes the ESPS expense is presented in general, selling and administrative expenses, as opposed to Mexican FRS which is presented in other expenses. Therefore, the fair value hierarchy within which a fair measurement in its entirety falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.

The hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available. In the case of investment securities, the instruments are classified in Level 2. The CBOT derivatives (counterparties New Edge and Jefferies Bache) are classified in Level 1. Currency options and OTC grain derivatives (Cargill and ASERCA) are classified in Level 2.  

The following fair value hierarchy table presents assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2010 and 2011 (including only items that are required to be measured at fair value, items for which the fair value option has be elected, are not presented due that the Company did not elect the Fair Value Option):

At December 31, 2010 Total asset/
liabilities at
Fair Value
  Quoted prices
in active
markets for
identical assets
(Level 1)
  Significant
other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)
  Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Assets:                
                 
Trading Securities $3,655,247   -   3,655,247   - 
Derivative instruments  3,841   3,573   268   - 
                 
Total $3,659,088   3,573   3,655,515   - 
                 
Liabilities:                
Derivative instruments $(568)  (282)  (286)  - 

At December 31, 2011 Total asset/
liabilities at
Fair Value
  Quoted prices
in active
markets for
identical
assets 
(Level 1)
  Significant
other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)
  Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Assets:                
                 
Trading Securities $2,565,661   -   2,565,661   - 
Derivative instruments  10,975   760   10,216   - 
                 
Total $2,576,636   760   2,575,877   - 
                 
Liabilities:                
                 
Derivative instruments  (768)  (768)  -   - 
                 
Total $(768)  (768)  -   - 

F-104

Fair Value Option

FASB ASC Topic 825-10 provides entities with an option to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. Under ASC Topic 825-10, unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected are reported in earnings at each reporting period.  This fair value option must be applied on an instrument-by-instrument basis with changes in fair value reported in earnings. After initial adoption, the election can be made at the acquisition of an eligible financial asset, financial liability, or firm commitment or when certain specified reconsideration events occur. The fair value election may not be revoked once an election is made. The adoption of FASB ASC Topic 825-10 did not have an impact to the Company’s financial position and results of operations, as the Company did not elect the fair value option for eligible items.

Income taxes

a) Tax rate reconciliation:

Until December 31, 2010, all income before income tax and related income taxESPS expense (benefit) are from Mexican sources. As it is mentioned in note 1 “Significant transaction” to the consolidated financial statements, on November 1, 2011 the Company acquired 100% of the voting stock of OK Industries Inc., entity located in the United States of America.

Pre-tax income from domestic and foreign operations is comprised as follow:

  2009  2010  2011 
          
Pre-tax income from domestic operations $1,193,751   2,524,746   122,283 
Pre-tax income from foreign operations  -   -   972,486 
Total $1,193,751   2,524,746   1,094,769 

Income tax (IT) expense (benefit) attributable to income before income tax differed from the amounts computed by applying the Mexican statutory rate of 19% for 2009 and 21% for 2010 and 2011, respectively, to income before income tax, as a result of the items shown in the following page:

  2009  2010  2011 
          
Computed “expected” tax (benefit) expense $226,813   530,197   229,902 
Increase (decrease) in income taxes resulting from:            
Effects of inflation, net  (50,596)  (66,504)  (71,189)
Non-deductible expenses  4,538   8,032   3,411 
Adjustment to deferred tax assets and liabilities for enacted changes in tax laws and rates  192,614   -   - 
Effect of companies outside simplified regime  38,163   31,661   210,009 
Change  in the valuation , allowance of deferred tax assets  8,130   17,164   (32,312)
(Reversal) addition of deferred tax liability related to simplified regime  (9,273)  34,153   (39,077)
Gain resulting from Bargain Purchase  -   -   (385,799)
Other, net  (15,078)  (7,908)  (861)
             
IT  expense (benefit) $395,311   546,795   (85,916)

Income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011 is comprised as follows:

  2009  2010  2011 
          
Current tax $103,853  $495,846  $69,586 
Deferred tax  291,458   50,949   (155,502)
             
  $395,311  $546,795  $(85,916)

Deferred tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2011 includesfor an amount of ($123,723) related to the benefit of tax loss carryforwards.$21,598 was reclassified accordingly.

 

F-106
F-97

 

b)     Deferred income tax-

Based on the financial projections of taxable income, the Company estimated that it will pay income tax (IT) in future years; therefore, deferred income tax effects as of December 31, 2010 and 2011 have been accounted for reflecting the IT basis.

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2010 and 2011, are presented below:

  2010  2011 
Deferred tax assets:        
Accounts payable $493,645   649,678 
Labor obligations  29,785   42,949 
ESPS payable  11,311   9,002 
Effects on derivative financial instruments  1,635   - 
Others  1,006   - 
Recoverable AT  4,859   5,044 
Tax loss carryforwards  17,698   141,421 
Total gross deferred tax assets  559,939   848,094 
         
Less valuation allowance  53,309   20,997 
Net deferred tax assets  506,630   827,097 
         
Deferred tax liabilities:        
Inventories  827,540   1,040,562 
Accounts receivable  190,082   204,213 
Property, plant and equipment, net  1,515,271   2,031,296 
Other deductions  16,370   20,211 
Effects on derivative financial instruments  -   1,702 
Additional deferred income tax liability related to simplified regime  309,106   270,029 
         
Total deferred tax liabilities  2,858,369   3,568,013 
         
Net deferred tax liability $2,351,739   2,740,916 

The valuation allowance for deferred tax assets as of January 1, 2010 and 2011 amounted to $36,145 and $53,309 respectively. The net change in the total valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011, was an increase of $17,164 and a decrease of $(32,312), respectively. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The valuation allowance at December 31, 2011 is related to cover asset tax, and part of labor obligations that, in the judgment of management, are not more likely that not to be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment.

Taxable income of the Company on a consolidated basis for the year ended December 31, 2011 was $1,094,770. Based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are deductible, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the benefits of these deductible differences, net of the existing valuation allowance at December 31, 2011. The amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could be reduced in the near future if estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period are reduced.

The Company has not accounted for deferred income taxes on the temporary differences resulting from investments in subsidiaries since it meets the criteria provided by ASC 740 “Income taxes” (Accounting Principles Board Opinion 23 (APB 23)). The Company considers these investments to be indefinitely held. A deferred tax liability will be recognized once the Company expects to dispose such investments, and as long as the sale price is higher than the tax cost of such investments. The taxable temporary difference related to such investments amounts approximately to $1,044,000, and it is no practicable to compute the unrecognized deferred tax liability.

Accounting for uncertainty in income taxes:

FASB Interpretation No. 48“Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an interpretation of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No.109”(included in FASB ASC Topic 740 Income taxes – Overall)(FIN 48) requires that an entity recognizes in the consolidated financial statements the effect of income tax positions, only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained upon examination, based on the technical merits of the position. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. The Company’s accounting policy is to accrue interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if and when required, as a component of other income (expense), in the consolidated statements of operations.

For the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, the Company did not have any unrecognized tax benefits and thus no interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits were recorded. In addition, the Company does not expect that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits will change significantly within the next 12 months. The income tax returns of the Company and its Mexican subsidiaries remain subject to examination by the Mexican tax authorities for the tax years beginning in 2007. In regards to the US subsidiaries the income tax returns for the tax years beginning in 2007 remain subject to examination by the US tax authorities.

F-109

Business and credit concentrations:

The Company’s products are sold to a large number of customers without significant concentration with any of them; likewise, there is no significant supplier concentration.

Summary of adjustments to reconcile MexFRS and U.S. GAAP:

The following is a summary of net income adjusted to take into account certain material differences between MexFRS and U.S. GAAP:

  Years ended December 31, 
  2009  2010  2011 
Net income as reported under MexFRS $809,045  $1,986,326  $159,138 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to U.S. GAAP:            
Biological assets and agricultural products valuation at fair value  7,214   32,016   (2,558)
Depreciation of capitalized interest  (4,724)  (4,724)  (4,724)
Severance cost  4,828   4,828   4,667 
Pensions plan and Seniority Premium  2,882   2,885   2,738 
Bargain purchase  -   -   994,585 
Deferred income tax on US GAAP adjustments  1,774   (9,227)  6,308 
Fair value credit valuation adjustment effect  (31,852)  -   - 
Additional deferred income tax liability related to simplified regime  9,273   (34,153)  39,077 
Depreciation of fair values of property, plant and equipment of OK Industries, Inc.  -   -   (18,546)
Less: non-controlling interest income  (11,445)  (2,976)  (2,097)
Net controlling interest income under U.S. GAAP $786,995  $1,974,975  $1,178,588 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax  4,469   3,910   86,198 
Comprehensive income  791,464   1,978,885   1,264,786 
Weighted average number of shares outstanding (thousands)  600,000   600,000   600,000 
Net income per basic and diluted share $1.31  $3.29  $2.11 

Classification differences:

There are certain other classification differences between MexFRS and U.S. GAAP, which are as follows:

-Effective beginning January 1, 2011, with retrospective application; under Mex FRS, advances for purchase of inventories (current assets) or property, plant and equipment and intangible assets (non-current assets), among others, must be reported under prepayments provided the benefits and risks inherent in the assets to be acquired or the services to be received have not yet been transferred to the entity. Furthermore, prepaid expenses must be reported based on the nature of the item to be acquired, either under current assets or non-current assets. Under US GAAP, advances for purchase of inventory, or property plant and equipment are still recorded as inventory or property plant and equipment, respectively.
-Employee statutory profit sharing expenses are classified as other expenses under MexFRS and as selling, general and administrative expenses under U.S. GAAP.

-Tax incentives for 2009 are presented as other income under MexFRS and as a reduction of selling, general and administrative expenses under U.S. GAAP. There were no tax incentives in 2010 and 2011

The reconciliation of the controlling interest between MexFRS and U.S. GAAP is as follows:

  Years ended December 31 
  2010  2011 
Controlling interest' equity as reported under MexFRS $16,316,355  $16,208,897 
Adjustments to reconcile controlling interest’ equity to U.S. GAAP:        
         
Biological assets and agricultural products valuation at fair value  (72,512)  (75,070)
Accumulated differences between the financing cost capitalized for MexFRS and U.S. GAAP purposes  94,481   94,481 
Accumulated depreciation on capitalized interest  (33,726)  (38,450)
Severance cost  (8,714)  (4,048)
Pension plan and Seniority Premium  20,787   56,421 
Reversal of accumulated amortization of goodwill  58,716   58,716 
Deferred income taxes on U.S. GAAP adjustments  (13,483)  (17,044)
Additional deferred income tax liability related to simplified regime  (309,106)  (270,029)
Translation effect of foreign subsidiary  -   27,536 
Depreciation of fair value of property, plant and equipment of OK Industries, Inc.  -   (18,546)
Bargain purchase  -   994,585 
         
Controlling interest’ equity as reported under U.S. GAAP $16,052,798  $17,017,449 

The effects of the above adjustments do not have any impact on non-controlling interest.

The consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity in accordance with U.S. GAAP is as follows:

  Capital
stock
  Additional
Paid in-
capital
  Reserve for
repurchase
of shares
  Retained
earnings
  Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income
  Comprehensive
income
  Total
controlling
interest
equity
  Non-
controlling
interest
  Total
stockholders´
equity
 
                                     
Balance at December 31, 2008 $2,294,927  $743,674  $159,455  $10,585,770  $2,838  $-  $13,786,664  $39,799  $13,826,463 
Cash dividends paid  -   -   -   (250,045)  -   -   (250,045)  -   (250,045)
Cash dividends paid to non-controlling interest  -   -   -   -   -   -   -   (1,035)  (1,035)
Comprehensive income:                                    
Net income for the year  -   -   -   786,995   -   786,995   786,995   11,445   798,440 
Components of other comprehensive income:                                    
Labor obligations under FASB ASC Topic 715 effect  -   -   -   -   -   4,469   -   -   - 
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes  -   -   -   -   4,469   4,469   4,469   -   4,469 
Repurchase of shares  -   1,079   -   -   -   -   1,079   -   1,079 
Comprehensive income  -   -   -   -   -   791,464   -   -   - 
Balance at December 31, 2009 $2,294,927  $744,753  $159,455  $11,122,720  $7,307  $-  $14,329,162  $50,209  $14,379,371 

  Capital
stock
  Additional
Paid in-
capital
  Reserve for
repurchase of
shares
  Retained
earnings
  Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income
  Comprehensive
income
  Total
controlling
interest
equity
  Non-
controlling
interest
  Total
stockholders´
equity
 
                                     
Balance at December 31, 2009 $2,294,927  $744,753  $159,455  $11,122,720  $7,307  $-  $14,329,162  $50,209  $14,379,371 
Cash dividends paid  -   -   -   (250,082)      -   (250,082)  -   (250,082)
Cash dividends paid to non-controlling interest  -   -   -   -   -   -   -   (1,186)  (1,186)
Comprehensive income:                                    
Net income for the year  -   -   -   1,974,975   -   1,974,975   1,974,975   2,976   1,977,951 
Components of other comprehensive income:                                    
Labor obligations under FASB ASC Topic 715 effect  -   -   -   -   -   3,910   -   -   - 
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes  -   -   -   -   3,910   3,910   3,910   -   3,910 
Repurchase of shares  -   -   (5,167)  -   -   -   (5,167)  -   (5,167)
Comprehensive income  -   -   -   -   -   1,978,885   -   -   - 
Balance at December 31, 2010  2,294,927  $744,753  $154,288  $12,847,613  $11,217  $-  $16,052,798  $51,999  $16,104,797 

  Capital
stock
  Additional
Paid in-
capital
  Reserve for
repurchase of
shares
  Retained
earnings
  Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income
  Comprehensive
income
  Total
controlling
interest
equity
  Non-
controlling
interest
  Total
stockholders´
equity
 
                                     
Balance at December 31, 2010  2,294,927  $744,753  $154,288  $12,847,613  $11,217  $-  $16,052,798  $51,999  $16,104,797 
Cash Dividends paid  -   -   -   (299,926)  -   -   (299,926)  -   (299,926)
Cash dividends paid to non-controlling interest  -   -   -       -   -   -   (912)  (912)
Comprehensive income:  -   -   -       -                 
Net income for the year  -   -   -   1,178,588   -   1,178,588   1,178,588   2,097   1,180,685 
Components of other comprehensive income:                                    
Translation effect of foreign subsidiary  -   -   -   -   -   63,171   63,171   -   63,171 
Labor obligations under FASB ASC Topic 715 effect, net of tax effect of $9,869  -   -   -   -   -   23,027   23,027   -   23,027 
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes  -   -   -   -   86,198   86,198       -     
Repurchase of shares  -   -   (209)  -   -   -   (209)  -   (209)
Comprehensive income  -   -   -   -   -   1,264,786   -   -     
Non-controlling interest acquired  -   -   -   -   -   -   -   7,025   7,025 
Balance at December 31, 2011  2,294,927  $744,753  $154,079  $13,726,275  $97,415  $-  $17,017,449  $60,209  $17,077,658 

(Continued)

F-114