(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically ~~and posted on its corporate Web site, if any,~~ every Interactive Data File required to be submitted ~~and posted~~ pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit ~~and post~~ such files).

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “accelerated filer,” “large accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

*Not for trading but only in connection with the registration of ADSs pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

	ii
ITEM 19.	Exhibits	126

INTRODUCTION

Presentation of Financial Information

As used in this Annual Report on Form 20-F, or “Annual Report,” unless the context otherwise requires, references to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Company,” “BVN” and “Buenaventura” mean Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. and its consolidated subsidiaries. Unless otherwise specified or the context otherwise requires, references to “$,” “US$,” “Dollars” and “U.S. Dollars” are to United States Dollars and references to “S/.,” “Sol” or “Soles” are to Peruvian Soles, the legal currency of the Republic of Peru, or ~~“Peru.”~~“Peru”.

We present our consolidated financial statements (the “Consolidated Financial Statements”) in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”).

Unless otherwise specified, references to a value denominated in “t” or “tons” refer to tons; the terms “g” or “gr” refer to metric grams; the terms “oz.” or “ounces” refer to troy ounces of a fineness of 999.9 parts per 1,000, equal to 31.1035 grams.

Pursuant to the rules of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), this Annual Report includes certain separate financial statements and other financial information of Minera Yanacocha S.R.L., or “Yanacocha,” and Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A., or “Cerro Verde.” Yanacocha and Cerro Verde maintain their financial books and records in U.S. Dollars and present their financial statements in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB.

We record our investments in Yanacocha and Cerro Verde in accordance with the equity method as described in “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Buenaventura—A. Operating Results—General” and Note 2.4(f) to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Our partnership interest in Yanacocha was calculated at 43.65% for the year ended December 31, 2019, 43.65% for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 45.95% for the year ended December 31, ~~2017 and 43.65% for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016.~~2017. As of December 31, ~~2015, 2016~~2017, 2018 and ~~2017,~~2019, our equity interest in Cerro Verde was 19.58%.

The Company may file separate financial statements of its 40.10% equity investee, Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A.A., pursuant to Rule 3-09 of Regulation S-X, on Form 20-F/A, if required, on or before June 30, 2020.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report contains “forward-looking statements” as defined in the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and are intended to be covered by the safe harbor provided for under these sections. Our forward-looking statements are based on management’s assumptions and beliefs in light of the information currently available to it and may include, without limitation:

·●

our, Yanacocha’s and Cerro Verde’s costs and expenses;

·●

estimates of future costs applicable to sales;

·●

estimates of future exploration and production results;

·●

plans for capital expenditures;

·●

expected commencement dates of mining or metal production operations; and

·●

estimates regarding potential cost savings and operating performance.

The words “anticipate,” “may,” “can,” “plan,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “intend,” “likely,” “will,” “should,” “to be” and any similar expressions are intended to identify those assertions as forward-looking statements. In making any forward-looking statements, we believe that the expectations are based on reasonable assumptions. We caution readers that those statements are not guarantees of future performance and our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated, projected or assumed in the forward-looking statements. Important factors that can cause our actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements include:

·●

our, Yanacocha’s and Cerro Verde’s results of exploration;

·●

the results of our joint ventures and our share of the production of, and the income received from, such joint ventures;

·●

commodity prices;

·●

production rates;

·●

geological and metallurgical assumptions;

·●

industry risks;

·●

timing of receipt of necessary governmental permits or approvals;

·●

regulatory changes;

·●

political risks;

·●

inaccurate estimates of reserves or mineralized material not in reserve;

·●

anti-mining protests or other potential issues with local community relationships;

·●

labor relations;

·●

environmental risks; and

·●

other factors described in more detail under “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors.”

Many of the assumptions on which our forward-looking statements are based are likely to change after our forward-looking statements are made, including, for example, commodity prices, which we cannot control, and our, Yanacocha’s and Cerro Verde’s production volumes and costs, some aspects of which we may or may not be able to control. Further, we may make changes to our business plans that could or will affect our results. We do not intend to update our forward-looking statements, notwithstanding any changes in our assumptions, changes in our business plans, our actual experience or other changes, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements more frequently than required by applicable securities laws.

PART I

ITEM 1.

Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers

Not applicable.

ITEM 2.

Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

Not applicable.

ITEM 3.

Key Information

Selected Financial Data

Selected Financial Information and Operating Data

This selected financial information should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, the Consolidated Financial Statements, including the notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. The selected financial information as of December 31, ~~2016~~2018 and ~~2017~~2019 and for the years ended December 31, ~~2015, 2016~~2017, 2018 and ~~2017~~2019 is derived from the consolidated statements of financial position, consolidated statements of profit or loss and consolidated statements of other comprehensive income, included in the Consolidated Financial Statements appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. The selected financial information as of December 31, ~~2013, 2014~~2015, 2016 and ~~2015~~2017 and for the years ended December 31, ~~2013~~2015 and ~~2014~~2016 has been derived from a consolidated statement of financial position, consolidated statements of profit or loss and consolidated statements of other comprehensive income, respectively, which are not included in this Annual Report. The report of Paredes, Burga & Asociados S. Civil de R.L. (a member firm of ~~EY Global)~~Ernst & Young Global Limited) on our Consolidated Financial Statements as of December 31, ~~2016~~2018 and ~~2017~~2019 and for the years ended December 31, ~~2015, 2016~~2017, 2018 and ~~2017~~2019 appears elsewhere in this Annual Report. The Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared and presented in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB, which differs in certain respects from U.S. GAAP. The operating data presented below is derived from our records and has not been subject to audit. The financial information and operating data presented below should be read in conjunction with “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Buenaventura,” the Consolidated Financial Statements and the related Notes thereto and other financial information included in this Annual Report.

As of and for the year ended December 31,
2017 2016 2015 2014 2013
(US$ in thousands)⁽¹⁾
Statements of profit or loss data:
Continuing operations:
Operating income:
Net sales of goods 1,223,942 1,015,670 846,269 959,286 1,015,966
Net sales of services 29,697 28,782 50,839 71,159 79,585
Royalty income 20,739 24,339 32,414 36,867 44,185
Total operating income 1,274,378 1,068,791 929,522 1,067,312 1,139,736

Operating costs:
Cost of sales of goods, excluding depreciation and amortization (627,433 ) (497,812 ) (513,490 ) (498,714 ) (463,631 )
Cost of services, excluding depreciation and amortization (12,954 ) (10,754 ) (59,612 ) (77,927 ) (114,120 )
Exploration in operating units (94,928 ) (96,149 ) (89,699 ) (97,357 ) (98,939 )
Depreciation and amortization (213,722 ) (192,647 ) (232,583 ) (172,999 ) (133,639 )
Mining royalties (31,217 ) (27,611 ) (27,188 ) (27,428 ) (29,434 )
Total operating costs (980,254 ) (824,973 ) (922,572 ) (874,425 ) (839,763 )
Gross profit 294,124 243,818 6,950 192,887 299,973

Operating expenses, net:
Administrative expenses (83,597 ) (81,692 ) (84,372 ) (93,753 ) (67,990 )
Exploration in non-operating areas (18,262 ) (26,589 ) (30,610 ) (50,007 ) (32,805 )
Selling expenses (24,088 ) (21,733 ) (19,365 ) (16,212 ) (14,842 )
Excess of workers’ profit sharing - - - - (704 )
Impairment loss of long-lived assets (21,620 ) - (3,803 ) - -
Provision for contingences and others (13,879 ) (565 ) (395 ) - -
Write-off of asset stripping activities (13,573 ) - - - -
Other, net (13,589 ) 18,957 (5,340 ) 3,169 (1,996 )
Total operating expenses, net (188,608 ) (111,622 ) (143,885 ) (156,803 ) (118,337 )
Operating profit (loss) 105,516 132,196 (136,935 ) 36,084 181,636

Other income (expenses), net:
Share in the results of associates under equity method 13,207 (365,321 ) (173,375 ) (74,600 ) (114,145 )
Finance costs (34,623 ) (31,580 ) (27,572 ) (11,276 ) (9,734 )
Net gain (loss) from currency exchange difference 2,928 2,638 (13,693 ) (8,457 ) (7,128 )
Gain on business combination - - - 59,852 -
Finance income 5,517 6,830 11,026 8,408 6,621
Total other income (expenses), net (12,971 ) (387,433 ) (203,614 ) (26,073 ) (124,386 )

Profit (loss) before income tax 92,545 (255,237 ) (340,549 ) 10,011 57,250
Current income tax (23,837 ) (39,444 ) (14,222 ) (18,815 ) (56,799 )
Deferred income tax 5,825 (14,060 ) (541 ) (47,006 ) (29,154 )
Profit (loss) from continuing operations 74,533 (308,741 ) (355,312 ) (55,810 ) (28,703 )
Discontinued operations:
Loss from discontinued operations (10,098 ) (19,073 ) (20,233 ) (5,830 ) (51,033 )
Net profit (loss) 64,435 (327,814 ) (375,545 ) (61,640 ) (79,736 )
Attributable to equity owners of the parent 60,823 (323,492 ) (317,210 ) (76,065 ) (107,257 )
Attributable to non-controlling interest 3,612 (4,322 ) (58,335 ) 14,425 27,521
Net profit (loss) 64,435 (327,814 ) (375,545 ) (61,640 ) (79,736 )
Basic and diluted profit (loss) per share attributable to equity holders of the parent⁽²⁾⁽³⁾ 0.24 (1.27 ) (1.25 ) (0.30 ) (0.42 )
Basic and diluted profit (loss) per ADS attributable to equity holders of the parent⁽²⁾⁽³⁾ 0.24 (1.27 ) (1.25 ) (0.30 ) (0.42 )
Basic and diluted profit (loss) per share attributable to equity holders of the parent, from continuing operations 0.28 (1.20 ) (1.17 ) (0.28 ) (0.09 )
Dividends per share 0.086 0.03 - 0.03 0.31
Average number of common and investment shares outstanding 253,986,867 253,986,867 254,186,867 254,186,867 254,186,867
Statement of financial position data:
Total assets 4,332,813 4,266,415 4,547,181 4,672,274 4,552,267
Financial obligations 633,083 592,342 353,710 383,305 234,397
Capital stock 750,497 750,497 750,497 750,497 750,497
Total shareholders’ equity 3,063,627 3,047,213 3,389,236 3,762,125 3,824,421

Operating data (unaudited):

Production⁽⁴⁾
Gold (oz.) 405,646 357,570 356,367 438,426 462,856
Silver (oz.) 26,624,431 23,035,110 24,648,761 20,119,162 19,193,075
Proven and probable reserves⁽⁵⁾
Gold (oz.) 1,246,255 1,416,000 1,185,000 1,119,000 1,036,000
Silver (oz.) 164,220,011 160,082,090 134,391,000 139,699,000 136,464,000

	As of and for the year ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017			2016			2015
	(US$ in thousands)⁽¹⁾
Statements of profit or loss data:
Continuing operations:
Operating income:
Net sales of goods		821,930			1,106,329			1,187,206			1,015,670			846,269
Sales of services		23,661			24,001			29,697			28,782			50,839
Royalty income		22,297			20,385			20,739			24,339			32,414
Total operating income		867,888			1,150,715			1,237,642			1,068,791			929,522

Operating costs:
Cost of sales of goods, excluding depreciation and amortization		(512,874	)		(613,381	)		(604,650	)		(497,812	)		(513,490	)
Cost of sales of services, excluding depreciation and amortization		(3,378	)		(4,318	)		(12,954	)		(10,754	)		(59,612	)
Depreciation and amortization		(226,335	)		(238,879	)		(210,154	)		(192,647	)		(232,583	)
Exploration in operating units		(44,163	)		(89,730	)		(89,311	)		(96,149	)		(89,699	)
Mining royalties		(12,832	)		(21,388	)		(30,884	)		(27,611	)		(27,188	)
Total operating costs		(799,582	)		(967,696	)		(947,953	)		(824,973	)		(922,572	)
Gross profit		68,306			183,019			289,689			243,818			6,950
Operating expenses, net:
Administrative expenses		(76,297	)		(77,099	)		(80,666	)		(81,692	)		(84,372	)
Selling expenses		(24,313	)		(26,948	)		(23,043	)		(21,733	)		(19,365	)
Exploration in non-operating areas		(11,879	)		(36,307	)		(18,262	)		(26,589	)		(30,610	)
Impairment recovery (loss) of long-lived assets		(2,083	)		5,693			(21,620	)		-			(3,803	)
Reversal (provision) for contingences and others		2,968			11,248			(13,740	)		(565	)		(395	)
Write-off of asset stripping activities		-			-			(13,573	)		-			-
Other, net		(14,715	)		(1,308	)		(13,230	)		18,957			(5,340	)
Total operating expenses, net		(126,319	)		(124,721	)		(184,134	)		(111,622	)		(143,885	)
Operating profit (loss)		(58,013	)		58,298			105,555			132,196			(136,935	)

Other income (expenses), net:
Share in the results of associates and joint ventures		47,710			(1,144	)		13,207			(365,321	)		(173,375	)
Finance income		9,675			9,685			5,517			6,830			11,026
Finance costs		(42,173	)		(38,422	)		(34,551	)		(31,580	)		(27,572	)
Net gain (loss) from currency exchange difference		(734	)		(1,384	)		2,939			2,638			(13,693	)
Total other income (expenses), net		14,478			(31,265	)		(12,888	)		(387,433	)		(203,614	)

Profit (loss) before income tax		(43,535	)		27,033			92,667			(255,237	)		(340,549	)
Current income tax		(11,911	)		(16,882	)		(23,713	)		(39,444	)		(14,222	)
Deferred income tax		37,501			(9,997	)		5,825			(14,060	)		(541	)
Profit (loss) from continuing operations		(17,945	)		154			74,779			(308,741	)		(355,312	)
Discontinued operations:
Loss from discontinued operations⁽²⁾		(10,514	)		(11,808	)		(10,344	)		(19,073	)		(20,233	)
Net profit (loss)		(28,459	)		(11,654	)		64,435			(327,814	)		(375,545	)
Attributable to equity owners of the parent		(12,208	)		(13,445	)		60,823			(323,492	)		(317,210	)
Attributable to non-controlling interest		(16,251	)		1,791			3,612			(4,322	)		(58,335	)
Net profit (loss)		(28,459	)		(11,654	)		64,435			(327,814	)		(375,545	)
Basic and diluted profit (loss) per share attributable to equity holders of the parent⁽³⁾⁽⁴⁾		(0.05	)		(0.05	)		0.24			(1.27	)		(1.25	)
Basic and diluted profit (loss) per ADS attributable to equity holders of the parent⁽³⁾⁽⁴⁾		(0.05	)		(0.05	)		0.24			(1.27	)		(1.25	)
Basic and diluted profit (loss) per share attributable to equity holders of the parent, from continuing operations		(0.01	)		(0.02	)		0.28			(1.20	)		(1.17	)
Dividends per share		0.09			0.09			0.09			0.03			-
Average number of common and investment shares outstanding		253,986,867			253,986,867			253,986,867			253,986,867			254,186,867
Statement of financial position data:
Total assets		4,107,274			4,217,221			4,332,813			4,266,415			4,547,181
Capital stock		750,497			750,497			750,497			750,497			750,497
Total shareholders’ equity		2,968,200			3,029,565			3,063,627			3,047,213			3,389,236

Operating data (unaudited):

Production⁽⁵⁾
Gold (oz.)		191,281			338,189			405,646			357,570			356,367
Silver (oz.)		20,288,743			26,264,109			26,624,431			23,035,110			24,648,761
Proven and probable reserves⁽⁶⁾
Gold (oz.)		2,984,673			1,001,169			1,245,213			1,403,029			1,175,724
Silver (oz.)		200,692,359			194,214,607			147,329,793			158,428,655			132,617,631

(1)

Except per share, per ADS, outstanding shares and operating data.

(2)

~~(2)~~

During 2019, the Group decided to classify its Mallay mining unit as discontinued. According to IFRS 5 “Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations”, the Group reclassified revenues and expenses related to this mining unit for the years 2018 and 2017 to the “Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to equity holders of the parent” caption.

(3)

Profit (loss) per share has been calculated for each year as net profit (loss) divided by average number of shares outstanding during the year. As of December 31, ~~2016~~2018 and ~~2017,~~2019, we had 274,889,924 Common Shares outstanding, including 21,174,734 treasury ~~shares as of December 31, 2016 and 2017.~~shares. As of December 31, ~~2013, 2014,~~ 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and ~~2017,~~2019, we had 744,640 of Investment Shares outstanding, including ~~271,733 treasury shares as of December 31, 2013,~~ 272,963 treasury shares as of December 31, ~~2014,~~ 2015, ~~and 2016~~ and 472,963 treasury shares as of December 31, ~~2017.~~2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019.

~~(3)~~(4)

We have no outstanding options, warrants or convertible securities that would have a dilutive effect on earnings per share. As a result, there is no difference between basic and diluted earnings per share or ADS.

~~(4)~~(5)

The amounts in this table reflect the total production of all of our consolidated subsidiaries, including Sociedad Minera El Brocal S.A.A., or “El Brocal,” in which we owned a ~~61.43~~61.43% controlling equity interest as of December 31, ~~2017 (61.32% controlling equity interest as of December 31, 2016)~~2019 and 2018, and Minera La Zanja S.R.L., or “La Zanja,” in which we owned a 53.06% controlling equity interest as of December 31, ~~2017.~~2019. The production data in this table reflect 100% of El Brocal’s and La Zanja’s production. For the years ended December 31, ~~2014~~2016 to ~~2017,~~2019, El Brocal produced ~~2.5~~2.6 million, ~~3.7~~4.1 million, ~~2.6~~3.9 million and ~~4.1~~4.4 million ounces of silver, respectively, of which our equity share was ~~1.4 million, 2.0 million,~~ 1.5 million, 2.5 million, 2.4 million and ~~2.5~~2.7 million ounces of silver per year, respectively, and La Zanja produced ~~143,573, 141,071,~~ 139,724, 127,118, 71,630 and ~~127,118~~31,500 ounces of gold, respectively, of which our equity share per year was 74,137, 67,449, 38,007 and 16,714 ounces of gold, respectively, and 217,292, 280,908, 217,174 and 97,204 ounces of silver per year, respectively, of which our equity share was ~~76,180, 74,852, 74,137~~115,295, 149,050, 115,233 and ~~67,449 ounces of gold, and 422,395, 331,080, 217,292 and 280,908~~51,576 ounces of silver ~~of which our equity share was 224,123, 175,671, 115,295 and 149,050 ounces of silver.~~per year, respectively. Amounts for ~~2016~~2018 and ~~2017~~2019 exclude production coming from the operating mines classified as discontinued operations.

~~(5)~~5

(6)

The amounts in this table reflect the reserves of all of our consolidated subsidiaries, including El Brocal and La Zanja, in each case as of December 31, ~~2017.~~ 2019.SRK Consulting Perú S.A., an independent consultant, audited the process used to estimate proven and probable ore reserves for Uchucchacua, Tambomayo, Orcopampa, El Brocal, Tantahuatay and La ~~Zanja, Hatch Asociados S.A.,~~Zanja. Geominería S.A.C, an independent consultant, validated the model used to estimate proven and probable ore reserves for Tambomayo, Mining Plus Pty Ltd validated the model used to estimate proven and probable ore reserves for El Brocal and Geomineria S.A.C. audited the process used to estimate proven and probable ore reserves for ~~Orcopampa, Julcani and Mallay.~~Julcani.

Yanacocha Selected Financial Information and Operating Data

The following table presents selected financial information and operating data for Yanacocha at the dates and for each of the periods indicated. This information should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, Yanacocha’s audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, ~~2016~~2018 and ~~2017~~2019 and for the years ended December 31, ~~2015, 2016~~2017, 2018 and ~~2017,~~2019, or the Yanacocha Consolidated Financial Statements. The report of Paredes, Burga & Asociados S. Civil de R.L. (a member firm of EY Global) on the Yanacocha Consolidated Financial Statements as of December 31, ~~2016~~2018 and ~~2017~~2019 and for the years ended December 31, ~~2015, 2016~~2017, 2018 and ~~2017~~2019 appears elsewhere in this Annual Report. The selected financial information for Yanacocha as of December 31, ~~2013, 2014~~2015, 2016 and ~~2015,~~2017, and for the years ended December 31, ~~2013~~2015 and ~~2014~~2016 has been derived from consolidated statements of financial position, consolidated statements of profit or loss and consolidated statements of other comprehensive income, respectively, which are not included in this Annual Report. Yanacocha’s audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, ~~2013, 2014~~2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and ~~2015 and for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2014~~2019 were audited by ~~Gaveglio, Aparicio y~~Paredes, Burga & Asociados ~~Sociedad~~S. Civil de ~~Responsabilidad Limitada, a~~R.L. (a member firm of ~~PricewaterhouseCoopers Limited.~~Ernst & Young Global Limited). The Yanacocha Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared and presented in accordance with IFRS as issued by the ~~IASB, which differs in certain respects from U.S. GAAP, as indicated in Notes 23 and 24 to the Yanacocha Consolidated Financial Statements.~~IASB. The operating data presented below, which are based on 100% of Yanacocha’s production and reserves, are derived from Yanacocha’s records and have not been subject to audit. The financial information presented below should be read in conjunction with “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Yanacocha,” the Yanacocha Consolidated Financial Statements and the related Notes thereto and other financial information included in this Annual Report. .

	As of and for the year ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017			2016			2015
	(US$ in thousands)⁽¹⁾
Statement of comprehensive income:
Operating income:
Revenue from sales⁽²⁾		734,526			658,653			670,905			784,453			1,056,903
Other operating income		4,776			21,965			21,870			17,713			10,625
Total gross income		739,302			680,618			692,775			802,166			1,067,528

Costs applicable to sales		(692,721	)		(619,424	)		(772,647	)		(799,654	)		(783,762	)
Other operating costs		(1,160	)		(2,217	)		(2,062	)		(2,951	)		(2,524	)
Total operating costs		(693,881	)		(621,641	)		(774,709	)		(802,605	)		(786,286	)
Gross profit (loss)		45,421			58,977			(81,934	)		(439	)		281,242

Operating expenses:
Operating expenses, net		(35,987	)		(76,155	)		(63,514	)		(71,496	)		(82,846	)
Administrative expenses		(1,744	)		(2,783	)		(4,760	)		(8,780	)		(20,028	)
Selling Expenses		(1,722	)		(2,627	)		(3,921	)		(3,695	)		(3,534	)
Impairment loss		-			-			-			(889,499	)		-
Operating profit (loss)		5,968			(22,588	)		(154,129	)		(973,909	)		174,834

Other expenses, net:
Finance income		18,430			11,448			5,831			2,132			673
Finance costs		(57,629	)		(39,024	)		(23,766	)		(15,107	)		(22,734	)
Net gain (loss) from currency exchange difference		2,902			(2,056	)		3,636			(13,741	)		(251	)
Total other expenses, net		(36,297	)		(29,632	)		(14,299	)		(26,716	)		(22,312	)

Income (loss) before income tax		(30,329	)		(52,220	)		(168,428	)		(1,000,625	)		152,522
Income taxbenefit (expense)		(64,928	)		(29,297	)		(7,026	)		(43,127	)		(602,717	)
Income (loss)for the year		(95,257	)		(81,517	)		(175,454	)		(1,043,752	)		(450,195	)

Comprehensive income (loss):
Loss for the year		(95,257	)		(81,517	)		(175,454	)		(1,043,752	)		(450,195	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) to be reclassified as profit or loss in subsequent periods
Changes in the fair value of available-for-sale financial asset, net of tax effect		1,246			(91	)		(3,244	)		651			(757	)

Statement of financial position:
Total assets		2,312,072			2,047,472			2,019,395			2,045,885			2,965,430
Capital stock		378,505			378,505			398,216			398,216			398,216
Total partners’ equity		489,712			583,723			659,115			885,724			2,228,825

U.S. GAAP
Net income (loss)		3,316			(69,068	)		(131,243	)		(1,198,139	)		(260,202	)
Total equity		1,666,382			1,661,800			1,683,047			1,865,445			3,394,934

Operating data (unaudited)
Gold produced (oz.)		527,336			514,564			534,692			654,934			917,691
Gold proven and probable reserves (thousands of oz.)		6,952			7,420			3,830			4,362			5,057

As of and for the year ended December 31,
2017 2016 2015 2014 2013
(US$ in thousands)⁽¹⁾
Statement of comprehensive income:
Operating income:
Revenue from sales⁽²⁾ 645,176 761,193 1,031,174 1,165,299 1,406,825
Other operating income 21,870 17,713 10,625 30,300 37,207
Total gross income 667,046 778,906 1,041,799 1,195,599 1,444,032

Costs applicable to sales (746,918 ) (776,394 ) (758,033 ) (920,300 ) (991,264 )
Other operating costs (2,062 ) (2,951 ) (2,524 ) (22,422 ) (28,672 )
Total operating costs (748,980 ) (779,345 ) (760,557 ) (942,722 ) (1,019,936 )
Gross profit (loss) (81,934 ) (439 ) 281,242 252,877 424,096

Operating expenses:
Operating expenses, net (63,514 ) (71,496 ) (82,846 ) (77,781 ) (77,534 )
Administrative expenses (4,760 ) (8,780 ) (20,028 ) (38,262 ) (67,064 )
Selling Expenses (3,921 ) (3,695 ) (3,534 ) (4,458 ) (3,740 )
Impairment loss - (889,499 ) - (541,141 ) (1,038,548 )
Operating profit (loss) (154,129 ) (973,909 ) 174,834 (408,765 ) (762,790 )

Other expenses, net:
Finance income 5,831 2,132 673 298 720
Finance costs (23,766 ) (15,107 ) (22,734 ) (23,504 ) (18,745 )
Net gain (loss) from currency exchange difference (3,636 ) (13,741 ) (251 ) 1,142 2,065
Total other expenses, net (14,299 ) (26,716 ) (22,312 ) (22,064 ) (15,960 )

Income (loss) before income tax (168,428 ) (1,000,625 ) 152,522 (430,829 ) (778,750 )
Income tax benefit (expense) (7,026 ) (43,127 ) (602,717 ) 30,491 203,471
Income (loss) for the year (175,454 ) (1,043,752 ) (450,195 ) (400,338 ) (575,279 )

Comprehensive income (loss):
Income (loss) for the year (175,454 ) (1,043,752 ) (450,195 ) (400,338 ) (575,279 )
Other comprehensive income (loss) to be reclassified as profit or loss in subsequent periods
Changes in the fair value of available-for-sale financial asset, net of tax effect (3,244 ) 651 (757 ) (65 ) (226 )

Statement of financial position:
Total assets 2,019,395 2,045,885 2,965,430 3,483,169 3,754,692
Capital stock 398,216 398,216 398,216 398,216 398,216
Total partners’ equity 659,115 885,724 2,228,825 2,679,777 3,080,050

U.S. GAAP
Net income (loss) (118,127 ) (1,191,319 ) (252,159 ) (31,914 ) 140,997
Total equity 1,759,039 1,928,321 3,418,989 3,671,148 3,711,461

Operating data (unaudited)
Gold produced (oz.) 534,692 654,934 917,691 969,944 1,017,259
Gold proven and probable reserves (thousands of oz.) 3,830 4,358 5,057 17,436 18,345

(1)	Except operating data

(2)	Royalties netted to sales

~~(1)~~

~~Except operating data~~

~~(2)~~

~~Royalties netted to sales~~

Cerro Verde Selected Financial Information and Operating Data

The following table presents selected financial information and operating data for Cerro Verde as of the end of and for each of the periods indicated. This information should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, Cerro Verde’s audited financial statements as of December 31, ~~2016~~2018 and ~~2017~~2019 and for the years ended December 31, ~~2015, 2016~~2017, 2018 and ~~2017,~~2019, or the Cerro Verde Financial Statements. The selected financial information as of December 31, ~~2014~~2015, 2016 and 2017 and for the years ended December 31, ~~2013~~2015 and ~~2014~~2016 have been derived from Cerro Verde’s financial statements that are not included in this Annual Report. The report of Paredes, Burga & Asociados S. Civil de R.L. (a member firm of ~~EY Global)~~Ernst & Young Global Limited ) on Cerro Verde’s financial statements appears elsewhere in this Annual Report. The Cerro Verde Financial Statements are prepared and presented in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB, which differs in certain respects from U.S. GAAP, as indicated in Note 24 and Note 25 to the Cerro Verde Financial Statements. The operating data presented below, which are based on 100% of Cerro Verde’s production and reserves, are derived from Cerro Verde’s records and have not been subject to audit. The financial information presented below should be read in conjunction with “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Cerro Verde,” the Cerro Verde Financial Statements and the related Notes thereto and other financial information included in this Annual Report.

	As of and for the year ended December 31,															As of and for the year ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2015			2014			2013			2019			2018			2017			2016			2015
	(US$ in thousands)⁽¹⁾															(US$ in thousands)⁽¹⁾
Statement of comprehensive income:
Sales of goods		3,202,931			2,384,154			1,115,617			1,467,097			1,811,488			2,890,066			3,054,026			3,202,931			2,384,154			1,115,617
Costs of sales of goods		(1,768,238	)		(1,553,040	)		(862,004	)		(797,481	)		(795,064	)		(1,954,749	)		(2,010,972	)		(1,768,238	)		(1,553,040	)		(862,004	)
Gross profit		1,434,693			831,114			253,613			669,616			1,016,424			935,317			1,043,054			1,434,693			831,114			253,613
Operating expenses
Selling expenses		(141,669	)		(131,391	)		(56,215	)		(54,210	)		(68,448	)		(109,483	)		(137,008	)		(141,669	)		(131,391	)		(56,215	)
Other operating (expenses), income net		(258,826	)		(24,107	)		(26,600	)		(3,629	)		147			(37,436	)		(68,683	)		(258,826	)		(24,107	)		(26,600	)
		(400,495	)		(155,498	)		(82,815	)		(57,839	)		(68,301	)		(146,919	)		(205,691	)		(400,495	)		(155,498	)		(82,815	)
Operating profit		1,034,198			675,616			170,798			611,777			948,123			788,398			837,363			1,034,198			675,616			170,798
Other income (expenses)
Financial income		5,350			954			512			2,443			2,178			10,356			28,089			5,350			954			512
Financial expenses		(216,912	)		(80,438	)		(16,010	)		(369	)		(1,843	)		(115,877	)		(426,733	)		(216,912	)		(80,438	)		(16,010	)
Exchange differences, net		13,288			7,857			(75,770	)		2,284			(1,858	)		5,574			6,161			13,288			7,857			(75,770	)
		(198,274	)		(71,627	)		(91,268	)		4,358			(1,523	)

Profit before income tax		835,924			603,989			79,530			616,135			946,600			688,451			444,880			835,924			603,989			79,530
Income tax expense		(486,043	)		(263,082	)		(46,246	)		(238,529	)		(333,338	)		(298,074	)		(325,170	)		(486,043	)		(263,082	)		(46,246	)
Profit for the year		349,881			340,907			33,284			377,606			613,262			390,377			119,710			349,881			340,907			33,284

Basic and diluted earnings per share		1.000			0.974			0.095			1.078			1.752			1.115			0.342			1.000			0.974			0.095
Dividends per share		0.571337			–			–			–			–			0.428503			0.571337			–			–			–

Weighted average number of shares outstanding		350,056,012			350,056,012			350,056,012			350,056,012			350,056,012			350,056,012			350,056,012			350,056,012			350,056,012			350,056,012

Statement of financial position data:
Total assets		7,691,007			7,635,623			7,852,692			5,771,984			4,828,201			7,809,424			7,554,712			7,691,007			7,635,623			7,852,692
Total financial obligations		1,268,488			1,996,004			2,425,164			452,849			5,903
Capital Stock		990,659			990,659			990,659			990,659			990,659			990,659			990,659			990,659			990,659			990,659
Total shareholder’s equity, net		5,189,162			4,839,281			4,498,374			4,465,090			4,087,484
Total shareholder’s equity																	5,349,249			5,108,872			5,189,162			4,839,281			4,498,374

U.S. GAAP
Profit for the year		301,431			345,461			4,097			341,617			599,371			319,714			53,280			301,431			345,461			4,097
Total shareholder’s equity, net		5,043,570			4,742,139			4,396,678			4,392,581			4,050,964
Total shareholder’s equity																	5,066,564			4,896,850			5,043,570			4,742,139			4,396,678

Operating data (unaudited):
Production:
Copper (in thousands of recoverable pounds)		1,062,210			1,107,810			544,482			500,242			557,239			1,003,776			1,049,430			1,062,210			1,107,810			544,482
Proven and probable reserves:
Copper Ore (in thousands of tons)		3,577,276			3,673,229			3,855,939			3,953,234			4,047,372			4,265,232			4,324,461			3,577,276			3,673,229			3,855,939

(1)

Except per share and operating data.

~~Exchange Rates~~

The following table sets forth the high and low month-end rates and the average and end-of-period offered rates for the sale of Soles in U.S. Dollars for the periods indicated. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York does not report a noon buying rate for Soles.

~~Exchange Rates~~

~~(Soles per US$)~~⁽¹⁾

Year
High⁽²⁾

Low⁽²⁾

Average⁽³⁾

Period end⁽⁴⁾

2015 3.413 2.983 3.187 3.408
2016 3.532 3.244 3.376 3.357
2017 3.392 3.232 3.263 3.245

High⁽⁵⁾

Low⁽⁵⁾

Average⁽⁶⁾

Period end⁽⁷⁾

2017
October 3.273 3.235 3.252 3.25
November 3.252 3.234 3.242 3.235
December 3.292 3.233 3.248 3.245

2018
January 3.230 3.208 3.217 3.217
February 3.270 3.213 3.250 3.261
March 3.273 3.219 3.253 3.229

~~(1)~~

~~Expressed in nominal (not inflation adjusted) Soles.~~

~~(2)~~

~~Highest and lowest of the twelve month-end exchange rates for each year based on the offered rate.~~

~~(3)~~

~~Average of month-end exchange rates based on the offered rate.~~

~~(4)~~

~~End-of-period exchange rates based on the offered rate.~~

~~(5)~~

~~Highest and lowest of the exchange rates based on the offered rate on the last day of each month.~~

~~(6)~~

~~Average of the exchange rates based on the offered rate on the last date of each day in the relevant month.~~

~~(7)~~

~~The exchange rate based on the offered rate on the last day of each relevant month.~~

~~Source: Bloomberg~~

~~On April 26, 2018, the offered rate for Dollars as published by the SBS was S/3.24 per US$1.00.~~

Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not applicable.

Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

~~Risk Factors~~

D. Risk Factors

Factors Relating to the Company

Our financial performance is highly dependent on the performance of our partners under our mining exploration and operating agreements.

Our participation in joint venture mining exploration projects and mining operations with other experienced mining companies is an integral part of our business strategy. Our partners, co-venturers and other shareholders in these projects generally contribute capital to cover the expenses of the joint venture or provide critical technological, management and organizational expertise. The results of these projects can be highly dependent upon the efforts of our joint venture partners and we rely on them to fulfill their obligations under our agreements. For example, our Yanacocha joint venture with Newmont Mining Corporation, a Delaware corporation, or “Newmont Mining,” depends on Newmont Peru Limited, Peruvian Branch, or “Newmont Peru,” to provide management and other expertise to the Yanacocha project. If our counterparts do not carry out their obligations to us or to third parties, or any disputes arise with respect to the parties’ respective rights and obligations, the value of our investment in the applicable project could be adversely affected and we could incur significant expenses in enforcing our rights or pursuing remedies. We cannot assure you that our current or future partners will fulfill their obligations under our agreements. In addition, we may be unable to exert control over strategic decisions made in respect of such properties. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Yanacocha” and “Item 4. Information on the Company—Buenaventura—B. Business Overview—Exploration.”

Our financial performance is highly dependent on the prices of gold, silver, copper and other metals.

The results of our operations are significantly affected by the market price of specific metals, which are cyclical and subject to substantial price fluctuations. Our revenues and the revenues of Yanacocha, in which we have a material equity investment, are derived primarily from the sale of gold and silver and the revenues of Cerro Verde, in which we have a material equity investment, are derived primarily from copper sales. The prices that we, Yanacocha and Cerro Verde obtain for gold, silver, copper and ore concentrates containing such metals, as applicable, are directly related to world market prices for such metals. Such prices have historically fluctuated widely and are affected by numerous factors beyond our control, including (i) the overall demand for and worldwide supply of gold, silver, copper and other metals; (ii) levels of supply and demand for a broad range of industrial products; (iii) the availability and price of competing commodities; (iv) international economic and political trends; (v) currency exchange fluctuations (specifically, the U.S. Dollar relative to other currencies); (vi) expectations with respect to the rate of inflation; (vii) interest rates; (viii) actions of commodity markets participants; and (ix) global or regional political or economic crises.

We have in the past engaged in hedging activities, such as forward sales and option contracts, to minimize our exposure to fluctuations in the prices of gold, silver and other metals; however, we and our wholly-owned subsidiaries no longer hedge the price at which our gold and silver will be sold. In ~~the case of El Brocal, we use derivative instruments to manage its exposure to changes in the base metal prices. In~~ addition, neither Yanacocha nor Cerro Verde engages in hedging activities. As a result, the prices at which we, Yanacocha and Cerro Verde sell gold, silver, copper and ore concentrates, as applicable, are fully exposed to the effects of changes in prevailing market prices. See “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” and Note 33 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. For information on gold and silver prices for each of the years in the five-year period ended December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—Buenaventura—B. Business Overview—Sales of Metal Concentrates.”

On December ~~30, 2017~~31, 2019 and March ~~31, 2018,~~29, 2020, the morning fixing price for gold on the London Bullion Market was US$~~1,291~~ 1,523 per ounce and US$~~1,324~~1,605 per ounce, respectively. On December ~~29, 2017~~31, 2019 and March ~~31, 2018,~~29, 2020, the afternoon fixing spot price of silver on the London market, or “London Spot,” was US$~~17.07~~ 18.045 per ounce and US$~~16.31~~13.930 per ounce, respectively. On December ~~30, 2017~~31, 2019 and March ~~31, 2018,~~29, 2020, the London Metal Exchange Settlement Price for copper was US$~~7,207~~ 6,156 per ton and US$~~6,679~~4,797 per ton, respectively.

The world market prices of gold, silver and copper have historically fluctuated widely. We cannot predict whether metal prices will rise or fall in the future. A continued decline in the market price of one or more of these metals could adversely impact our revenues, net income and cash flows and adversely affect our ability to meet our financial obligations. If prices of gold, silver and/or copper should decline below our cash costs of production and remain at such levels for any sustained period, we could determine that it is not economically feasible to continue production at any or all of our mines. We may also curtail or suspend some or all of our exploration activities, with the result that our depleted reserves are not replaced. This could further reduce revenues by reducing or eliminating the profit that we currently expect from reserves. Such declines in price and/or reductions in operations could cause significant volatility in our financial performance and adversely affect the trading prices of our Common Shares and ADSs.

An outbreak of disease or similar public health threat, such as COVID-19 (coronavirus), could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our operations are subject to risks related to outbreaks of infectious diseases. For example, the recent outbreak of coronavirus COVID-19 (coronavirus), a virus causing potentially deadly respiratory tract infections originating in China, has already and will continue to negatively cause further volatility in prices of precious metals. Additionally, a severe market disruption will likely entail decreased demand for our products and otherwise impact our operations and the operations of our customers, suppliers and other stakeholders. The Peruvian Government has issued a series of executive decrees declaring a national emergency and significantly restricting general circulation throughout the country.

In accordance with these restrictions and within the framework of the Company’s pandemic response plan, we have limited our operations to those which are strictly necessary to ensure that our mine pumping systems, water treatment plants, energy supply, hydroelectric substations, health services and overall minimum safety conditions remain in place. Other than in respect of these minimum back-up operations, as of the date of this annual report, our mining processing facilities are completely halted. The Company intends to immediately resume operations once it receives notice from the authorities that restrictions have been lifted. The ultimate severity of the Coronavirus outbreak is uncertain at this time and therefore we cannot predict the impact it may have on the world, the Peruvian economy, international financial markets, or ultimately on our financial condition, results of operations, production, sales, margins and cash flow from operations, our access to debt markets, covenants compliance, asset impairments, among others.

Economic, mining and other regulatory policies of the Peruvian government, as well as political, regulatory and economic developments in Peru, may have an adverse impact on our, Yanacocha’s and Cerro Verde’s businesses.

Our, Yanacocha’s and Cerro Verde’s activities in Peru require us to obtain mining concessions or provisional permits for exploration and processing concessions for the treatment of mining ores from the Peruvian Ministry of Energy and Mines (the “MEM”). Under Peru’s current legal and regulatory regime, these mining and processing rights are maintained by meeting a minimum annual level of production or investment and by the annual payment of a concession fee. A fine is payable for the years in which minimum production or investment requirements are not met. Although we are, and Yanacocha and Cerro Verde have informed us that they are, current in the payment of all amounts due in respect of mining and processing concessions, failure to pay such concession fees, processing fees or related fines for two consecutive years could result in the loss of one or more mining rights and processing concessions, as the case may be.

Mining companies are also required to pay the Peruvian government mining royalties and/or mining taxes. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Buenaventura—B. Business Overview—Regulatory Framework—Mining Royalties and Taxes.” We cannot assure you that the Peruvian government will not impose additional mining royalties or taxes in the future or that such mining royalties or taxes will not have an adverse effect on our, Yanacocha’s or Cerro Verde’s results of operations or financial condition. Future regulatory changes, changes in the interpretation of existing regulations or stricter enforcement of such regulations, including changes to our concession agreements, may increase our compliance costs and could potentially require us to alter our operations. We cannot assure you that future regulatory changes will not adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Environmental and other laws and regulations may increase our costs of doing business, restrict our operations or result in operational delays.

Our, Yanacocha’s and Cerro Verde’s exploration, mining and milling activities, as well our and Yanacocha’s smelting and refining activities, are subject to a number of Peruvian laws and regulations, including environmental laws and regulations.

Additional matters subject to regulation include, but are not limited to, concession fees, transportation, production, water use and discharges, power use and generation, use and storage of explosives, surface rights, housing and other facilities for workers, reclamation, taxation, labor standards, mine safety and occupational health.

We anticipate additional laws and regulations will be enacted over time with respect to environmental matters. The development of more stringent environmental protection programs in Peru could impose constraints and additional costs on our, Yanacocha’s and Cerro Verde’s operations and require us, Yanacocha and Cerro Verde to make significant capital expenditures in the future. Although we believe that we are substantially in compliance, and Yanacocha and Cerro Verde have advised us that they are substantially in compliance, with all applicable environmental regulations, we cannot assure you that future legislative or regulatory developments will not have an adverse effect on our, Yanacocha’s or Cerro Verde’s business or results of operations. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Buenaventura—B. Business Overview—Regulatory Framework—Environmental Matters” and “—Permits” and “Item 4. Information on the Company—Yanacocha—B. Business Overview—Environmental Matters.”

Our and Yanacocha’s ability to successfully obtain key permits and approvals to explore for, develop and successfully operate mines will likely depend on our and Yanacocha’s ability to do so in a manner that is consistent with the creation of social and economic benefits in the surrounding communities. Our and Yanacocha’s ability to obtain permits and approvals and to successfully operate in particular communities or to obtain financing may be adversely impacted by real or perceived detrimental events associated with our and Yanacocha’s activities or those of other mining companies affecting the environment, human health and safety or the surrounding communities. Delays in obtaining or failure to obtain government permits and approvals may adversely affect our and Yanacocha’s operations, including our and Yanacocha’s ability to explore or develop properties, commence production or continue operations.

Our metals exploration efforts are highly speculative in nature and may not be successful.

Precious metals exploration, particularly gold exploration, is highly speculative in nature, involves many risks and is frequently unsuccessful. We cannot assure you that our, Yanacocha’s or Cerro Verde’s metals exploration efforts will be successful. Once mineralization is discovered, it may take a number of years from the initial phases of drilling before production is possible, during which time the economic feasibility of production may change. Substantial expenditures are required to establish proven and probable ore reserves through drilling, to determine metallurgical processes to extract the metals from the ore and, in the case of new properties, to construct mining and processing facilities. As a result of these uncertainties, we cannot assure you that our or Yanacocha’s exploration programs will result in the expansion or replacement of current production with new proven and probable ore reserves.

We base our estimates of proven and probable ore reserves and estimates of future cash operating costs largely on the interpretation of geologic data obtained from drill holes and other sampling techniques and feasibility studies. Advanced exploration projects have no operating history upon which to base estimates of proven and probable ore reserves and estimates of future cash operating costs. Such estimates are, to a large extent, based upon the interpretation of geologic data obtained from drill holes and other sampling techniques, feasibility studies which derive estimates of cash operating costs based upon anticipated tonnage and grades of ore to be mined and processed, the configuration of the ore body, expected recovery rates of the mineral from the ore, comparable facility and equipment operating costs, anticipated climatic conditions and other factors. As a result, it is possible that actual cash operating costs and economic returns based upon proven and probable ore reserves may differ significantly from those originally estimated. Moreover, significant decreases in actual over expected prices may mean reserves, once found, will be uneconomical to produce. It is not unusual in new mining operations to experience unexpected problems during the start-up phase. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Yanacocha—C. Property, Plants and Equipment—Our Properties—Reserves,” “—Yanacocha—C. Property, Plants and Equipment—Yanacocha’s Properties—Reserves” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Cerro Verde—A. Operating Results” for the price per ounce used by us, Yanacocha and Cerro Verde, respectively, to calculate our respective proven and probable reserves.

Increased operating costs could affect our profitability.

Costs at any particular mining location frequently are subject to variation due to a number of factors, such as changing ore grade, changing metallurgy and revisions to mine plans in response to the physical shape and location of the ore body. In addition, costs are affected by the price of commodities, such as fuel and electricity, as well as by the price of labor. Commodity costs are at times subject to volatile price movements, including increases that could make production at certain operations less profitable. Reported costs may be affected by changes in accounting standards. A material increase in costs at any significant location could have a significant effect on our profitability.

Our business is capital-intensive and we may not be able to finance necessary capital expenditures required to execute our business plans.

Precious metals exploration requires substantial capital expenditures for the exploration, extraction, production and processing stages and for machinery, equipment and experienced personnel. Our estimates of the capital required for our projects may be preliminary or based on assumptions we have made about the mineral deposits, equipment, labor, permits and other factors required to complete our projects. If any of these estimates or assumptions change, the actual timing and amount of capital required may vary significantly from our current anticipated costs. In addition, we may require additional funds in the event of unforeseen delays, cost overruns, design changes or other unanticipated expenses. We may also incur debt in future periods or reduce our holdings of cash and cash equivalents in connection with funding future acquisitions, existing operations, capital expenditures or in pursuing other business opportunities. Our ability to meet our payment obligations will depend on our future financial performance, which will be affected by financial, business, economic and other factors, many of which we are unable to control. There can be no assurance that we or Yanacocha will generate sufficient cash flow or that we will have access to sufficient external sources of funds in the form of outside investment or loans to continue exploration activities at the same or higher levels than in the past or that we will be able to obtain additional financing, if necessary, on a timely basis and on commercially acceptable terms.

Estimates of proven and probable reserves are subject to uncertainties and the volume and grade of ore actually recovered may vary from our estimates.

The proven and probable ore reserve figures presented in this Annual Report are our, Yanacocha’s and Cerro Verde’s estimates, and there can be no assurance that the estimated levels of recovery of gold, silver, copper and certain other metals will be realized. Such estimates depend on geological interpretation and statistical inferences or assumptions drawn from drilling and sampling analysis, which may prove to be materially inaccurate. Actual mineralization or formations may be different from those predicted. As a result, reserve estimates may require revision based on further exploration, development activity or actual production experience, which could materially and adversely affect such estimates. No assurance can be given that our, Yanacocha’s or Cerro Verde’s mineral resources constitute or will be converted into reserves. Market price fluctuations of gold, silver and other metals, as well as increased production costs or reduced recovery rates, may render proven and probable ore reserves containing relatively lower grades of mineralization uneconomic to exploit and may ultimately result in a restatement of proven and probable ore reserves. Moreover, short-term operating factors relating to the reserves, such as the processing of different types of ore or ore grades, could adversely affect our or Yanacocha’s profitability in any particular accounting period. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Yanacocha—C. Property, Plants and Equipment—Our Properties—Reserves” and “Item 4. Information on the Company—Yanacocha—C. Property, Plants and Equipment—Yanacocha’s Properties—Reserves.”

We and Yanacocha may be unable to replace reserves as they become depleted by production.

As we and Yanacocha produce gold, silver, zinc and other metals, we and Yanacocha deplete our respective ore reserves for such metals. To maintain production levels, we and Yanacocha must replace depleted reserves by exploiting known ore bodies and locating new deposits. Exploration for gold, silver and the other metals produced is highly speculative in nature. Our and Yanacocha’s exploration projects involve significant risks and are often unsuccessful. Once a site is discovered with mineralization, we and Yanacocha may require several years between initial drilling and mineral production, and the economic feasibility of production may change during such period. Substantial expenditures are required to establish proven and probable reserves and to construct mining and processing facilities. There can be no assurance that current or future exploration projects will be successful and there is a risk that our depletion of reserves will not be offset by new discoveries. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Buenaventura—B. Business Overview—Exploration,” “—Yanacocha—B. Business Overview—Environmental Matters,” “—Yanacocha—C. Property, Plants and Equipment—Our Properties,” “—Yanacocha—C. Property, Plants and Equipment—Yanacocha’s Properties,” “—Yanacocha—C. Property, Plants and Equipment—Reserves,” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Cerro Verde—A. Operating Results” for a summary of our, Yanacocha’s and Cerro Verde’s estimated proven and probable reserves as of December 31, ~~2017.~~2019.

Our operations are subject to risks, many of which are not insurable.

The business of mining, smelting and refining gold, silver, copper and other metals is generally subject to a number of risks and hazards, including industrial accidents, labor disputes, unavailability of materials and equipment, unusual or unexpected geological conditions, changes in the regulatory environment, environmental hazards and weather and other natural phenomena such as earthquakes, most of which are beyond our control. Such occurrences could result in damage to, or destruction of, mining properties or production facilities, personal injury or death, environmental damage, delays in mining, monetary losses and possible legal liability. We, Yanacocha and Cerro Verde each maintain insurance against risks that are typical in the mining industry in Peru and in amounts that we, Yanacocha and Cerro Verde believe to be adequate but which may not provide adequate coverage in certain circumstances. No assurance can be given that such insurance will continue to be available at economically feasible premiums or at all. Insurance against certain risks (including certain liabilities for environmental pollution or other hazards as a result of exploration and production) is not generally available to us or to other companies within the industry.

Increases in equipment costs, energy costs and other production costs, disruptions in energy supply and shortages in equipment and skilled labor may adversely affect our results of operations.

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in mining activity worldwide in response to increased demand and significant increases in the prices of natural resources. The opening of new mines and the expansion of existing ones have led to increased demand for, and increased costs and shortages of, equipment, supplies and experienced personnel. These cost increases have significantly increased overall operating and capital budgets of companies like ours, and continuing shortages could affect the timing and feasibility of expansion projects.

Energy represents a significant portion of our production costs. Our principal energy sources are electricity, purchased petroleum products and natural gas. An inability to procure sufficient energy at reasonable prices or disruptions in energy supply could adversely affect our profits, cash flow and growth opportunities. Our production costs are also affected by the prices of commodities we consume or use in our operations, such as sulfuric acid, grinding media, steel, reagents, liners, explosives and diluents. The prices of such commodities are influenced by supply and demand trends affecting the mining industry in general and other factors outside our control and such prices are at times subject to volatile movements. Increases in the cost of these commodities or disruptions in energy supply could make our operations less profitable, even in an environment of relatively high copper, gold or silver prices. Increases in the costs of commodities that we consume or use may also significantly affect the capital costs of new projects.

We may be adversely affected by labor disputes.

Our ability to achieve our goals and objectives is dependent, in part, on maintaining good relations with our employees. A prolonged labor disruption at any of our material properties could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations. We, Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A., or “Coimolache,” Yanacocha and Cerro Verde have all experienced strikes or other labor-related work stoppages in the past.

As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, unions represented approximately ~~22% of the employees~~25% of our ~~mining companies~~and our subsidiaries’ employees on a consolidated basis. Although we consider our relationship with our employees to be positive, there can be no assurance that we will not experience strikes or other labor-related work stoppages that could have a material adverse effect on our operations and/or operating results in the future.

Our, ~~Yanacocha~~Yanacocha’s and Cerro Verde’s operations are subject to political and social risks.

Our, ~~Yanacocha~~Yanacocha’s and Cerro Verde’s exploration and production activities are potentially subject to political and social risks. Over the past several years, we and Yanacocha have been the target of local political protests. In recent years, certain areas in the south and northern highlands of Peru with significant mining developments have experienced strikes and protests related to the environmental impact of mining activities. Such strikes and protests have resulted in commercial disruptions and a climate of uncertainty with respect to future mining projects. As a result of local political and community protests, construction and development activities at the Conga project were largely suspended in November 2011. The results of the Peruvian Central Government’s Environmental Impact Assessment (“EIA”) independent review were reported on April 20, 2012. The review indicated the project’s EIA met Peruvian and international standards. The review made recommendations to provide additional water capacity and social funds, which Yanacocha has largely accepted. Yanacocha announced the decision to advance the project on a “water-first” basis on June 22, 2012. In the first half of 2014, a Conga restart study was completed to identify and test alternatives to advancing development of the project. Following this assessment, a new plan was developed to reduce spending to focus only on the most critical work (protecting people and assets, engaging with communities and maintaining existing project infrastructure), while maintaining optionality. Newmont Mining will not proceed with the full development of the Conga project without social acceptance, solid project economics and, potentially, another partner to help defray costs and risk. It is difficult to predict when or whether such events may occur. Under the current social and political environment, we do not anticipate being able to develop the Conga project in the foreseeable future. The continued delay and evaluation of other alternatives may result in a potential accounting impairment or further reclassification of mineralized material.

During 2019, thePeruvian Central Governmentcontinued to support responsible mining as a vehicle for the growth and future development of Peru. However, we are unable to predict whether thePeruvian Central Governmentwill continue to take similar positions in the future. The regional government of Cajamarca and other political parties have actively opposed the Conga project in the past. We cannot predict future positions of either thePeruvian Central Governmentor regional governments towards foreign investment, mining concessions, land tenure or other regulation, or the impact that these positions or changes in law may have on Yanacocha or Conga. Such changes may include increased labor regulations, environmental and other regulatory requirements, and additional taxes and royalties. We may also be exposed to protests, community demands and road blockages. Any change in government positions or laws on these issues could adversely affect the assets and operations of Yanacocha or Conga, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position. Additionally, the inability to develop Conga or operate at Yanacocha could have an adverse impact on our growth and production in the region.

We cannot assure you that these types of incidents will not continue or that similar incidents will not occur in areas in which we and Yanacocha operate, or that the continuation or intensification of community protests will not adversely affect our or Yanacocha’s exploration and production activities or our or Yanacocha’s results of operations or financial condition.

In addition, during 2011, Peru enacted Law No. 29785, the Law of Prior Consultation for Indigenous and Native Communities ~~(Ley~~(Ley del Derecho a la Consulta Previa a los Pueblos Indígenas y Originarios, Reconocido en el Convenio 169 de la Organización Internacional del ~~Trabajo)~~Trabajo). Implementing regulations thereunder were approved by Supreme Decree No. 001-2012-MC, which became effective on April 2, 2012. This law establishes a prior consultation procedure that the Peruvian government must undertake in concert with any local indigenous communities whose collective rights may be directly affected by new legislative or administrative measures, including the granting of new mining concessions. The implementing regulations specify the form and circumstances of the required consultation and the manner in which agreements will be formalized, and cap the consultation process at 120 calendar days. Under the law, the Peruvian governmental body responsible for issuing or approving the administrative measure or decree in question, rather than the affected local indigenous community, retains the right to approve or reject the relevant legislative or administrative matter following such consultation. However, to the extent that any future projects operated by us, Yanacocha or Cerro Verde require legislative or administrative measures that impact local indigenous communities, the required prior consultation procedure may result in delays, additional expenses or failure to obtain approval for such new project.

We could face geotechnical challenges, which could adversely impact our production and profitability.

No assurances can be given that unanticipated adverse geotechnical and hydrological conditions, such as landslides and pit wall failures, will not occur in the future or that such events will be detected in advance. Geotechnical instabilities can be difficult to predict and are often affected by risks and hazards outside of our control, such as severe weather and considerable rainfall, which may lead to periodic floods, mudslides, wall instability and seismic activity, which may result in slippage of material.

Geotechnical failures could result in limited or restricted access to mine sites, suspension of operations, government investigations, increased monitoring costs, remediation costs, loss of ore and other impacts, which could cause one or more of our projects to be less profitable than currently anticipated and could result in a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.

We rely on contractors to conduct a significant portion of our operations and mine development projects.

A significant portion of our operations and mine development projects are currently conducted by contractors. As a result, our operations are subject to a number of risks, some of which are outside our control, including:

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failure of a contractor to perform under its agreement;

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interruption of operations or increased costs if a contractor ceases its business due to insolvency or other unforeseen events;

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failure of a contractor to comply with applicable legal and regulatory requirements, to the extent it is responsible for such compliance; and

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problems of a contractor with managing its workforce, labor unrest or other employment issues.

In addition, we may incur liability to third parties as a result of the actions of our contractors. The occurrence of one or more of these risks could adversely affect our results of operations and financial position.

We are exposed to behaviors incompatible with our, Yanacocha and Cerro Verde’s ethics and compliance standards.

Given the large number of contracts that we are a party to with our suppliers and partners in Yanacocha and Cerro Verde, the geographic distribution of our operations and the great variety of parties that we interact with in the course of our business, we are subject to the risk that our employees, contractors and other persons having relations with us may misappropriate our assets, manipulate our assets or information or engage in money laundering or the financing of terrorism, for such person’s personal or business advantage. Our systems for identifying and monitoring these risks may not be effective to fully mitigate them in all situations. Such acts may result in material financial losses or reputational harm to us.

We are not, and do not intend to become, regulated as an investment company under the U.S. Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), and if we were deemed an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act, applicable restrictions could make it impractical for us to operate as contemplated.

As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, we owned a ~~45.95%~~43.65% partnership interest in Yanacocha and a 19.58% equity interest in Cerro Verde. These interests may constitute “investment securities” for purposes of the Investment Company Act.

Under the Investment Company Act, an investment company is defined in relevant part to include (i) any company that is or holds itself out as being engaged primarily, or proposes to engage primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities and (ii) any company that owns or proposes to acquire investment securities having a value exceeding 40% of such company’s total assets (exclusive of certain items) on an unconsolidated basis. Issuers that are investment companies within the meaning of the Investment Company Act, and which do not qualify for an exemption from the provisions of such act, are required to register with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and are subject to substantial regulations with respect to capital structure, operations, transactions with affiliates and other matters. If we were deemed to be an investment company and did not qualify for an exemption from the provisions of the Investment Company Act, we would be required to register with the SEC and would be subject to such regulations, which would be unduly burdensome and costly for us and possibly adversely impact us.

We received an order from the SEC on April 19, 1996 declaring us to be primarily engaged in a business other than that of an investment company and, therefore, not an investment company within the meaning of the Investment Company Act. We intend to conduct our operations and maintain our investments in a manner, and will take appropriate actions as necessary, to ensure we will not be deemed to be an investment company in the future. The SEC, however, upon its motion or upon application, may find that the circumstances that gave rise to the issuance of the order no longer exist, and as a result may revoke such order. There can be no assurance that such order will not be revoked.

Our or Yanacocha’s inability to maintain positive relationships with the communities in which we operate may affect our or Yanacocha’s reputation and financial condition.

Our and Yanacocha’s relationships with the communities in which we operate are critical to ensuring the future success of our existing operations and the construction and development of our projects. Adverse publicity generated by non-governmental organizations or local communities related to extractive industries generally, or our or Yanacocha’s operations specifically, could have an adverse effect on our reputations or financial condition and may impact our relationships with the communities in which we operate. In addition, following the enactment of Law No. 29785, the Law of Prior Consultation for Indigenous and Native Communities in 2011, the Peruvian government must undertake a prior consultation procedure in concert with local indigenous communities whose collective rights may be directly affected by new legislative or administrative measures, including the granting of new mining concessions. Implementing regulations under Law No. 29785 were approved by Supreme Decree No. 001-2012-MC, which became effective on April 2, 2012. The implementing regulations specify the form and circumstances of the required consultation and the manner in which agreements will be formalized, and cap the consultation process at 120 calendar days. Our and Yanacocha’s national reputation for maintaining positive relationships with the communities in which we operate may affect the outcome of any such prior consultation process involving approvals that we or Yanacocha seek for new projects. While we and Yanacocha are committed to operating in a socially responsible manner, there is no guarantee that our efforts in this regard will mitigate this potential risk. We and Yanacocha have implemented extensive community relations and security and safety initiatives to anticipate and manage social issues that may arise at our operations. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Yanacocha—B. Business Overview.”

The Conga project is located within close proximity of existing operations at Yanacocha. Due to local political and community protests, construction and development activities at the Conga project were largely suspended in November 2011. The results of the Peruvian central government-initiated EIA, independent review, announced on April 20, 2012, confirmed that Yanacocha’s initial EIA met Peruvian and international standards. The review made recommendations to provide additional water capacity and social funds, which Yanacocha has largely accepted. Yanacocha announced its decision to move the project forward on a “water first” basis on June 22, 2012, which consists of building the originally planned community water reservoirs before resuming any mine development. As a result, during 2013 the project was focused on building water reservoirs, completing the remaining engineering activities, and accepting delivery of the main equipment purchases. In 2013, the Chailhuagon reservoir was completed. There can be no assurance that Yanacocha will be able to continue to develop the Conga project. Should Yanacocha be unable to continue with the current development plan at the Conga project, we or our mining partners in this project may reprioritize and reallocate capital to development alternatives, which may result in a potential accounting impairment. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Yanacocha—B. Business Overview—Environmental Matters.

Deterioration in our financial position or a downgrade of our ratings by a credit rating agency could increase our borrowing costs and our business relationships could be adversely affected.

Credit rating agencies could downgrade our ratings either due to factors specific to Buenaventura, a prolonged cyclical downturn in the precious metals mining industries, macroeconomic trends (such as global or regional recessions) or trends in credit and capital markets more generally. For instance, on March 22, 2016, Moody’s Investors Service downgraded our unsecured corporate rating from “Ba1” to “Ba2” due to the deterioration of the commodities markets and a downturn in the precious metals mining sector, as well as concerns about our liquidity. Currently, our unsecured rating from Fitch is “BBB-.”

A deterioration of our financial position or a further downgrade of any of our credit ratings for any reason could increase our borrowing costs and have an adverse effect on our business relationships with customers and suppliers. A subsequent downgrade could adversely affect our existing financings, limit access to the capital or credit markets, or otherwise adversely affect the availability of other new financing on favorable terms, if at all, result in more restrictive covenants in agreements governing the terms of any future indebtedness that we incur, increase our borrowing costs, or otherwise impair our business, financial condition and operating results.

We could be subject to information technology system failures, network disruptions, and breaches in data security which could negatively affect our business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.

As dependence on digital technologies is expanding, cyber incidents, including deliberate attacks or unintentional events have been increasing worldwide. Computers and telecommunication systems are used to conduct our exploration, development and production activities and have become an integral part of our business. We use these systems to analyze and store financial and operating data, as well as to support our internal communications and interactions with business partners. Cyber-attacks could compromise our computer and telecommunications systems and result in additional costs as well as disruptions to our business operations or the loss of our data.

A cyber-attack involving our information systems and related infrastructure, or those of our business partners, could disrupt our business and negatively impact our operations in a variety of ways, such as, among others:

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an attack on the computers which control our mining operations could cause a temporary interruption of our production while contingency manual systems are brought online;

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a cyber-attack on our accounting or accounts payable systems could expose us to liability to employees and third parties if their sensitive personal information is obtained;

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possible loss of material information, which in turn could delay productive processes and selling efforts, causing economic losses; or

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a cyber-attack on a service provider could result in supply chain disruptions, which could delay or halt our major development projects.

The laws of Peru related to anti-bribery and anti-corruption are still developing and could be less stringent than those of other jurisdictions, and our risk management and internal controls may not be successful in preventing or detecting all violations of law or of company-wide policies.

Our business is subject to a significant number of laws, rules and regulations, including those relating to anti-bribery and anti-corruption. However, the Peruvian regulatory regime related to anti-bribery and anti-corruption legislation is still developing and could be less stringent than anti-bribery and anti-corruption legislation which has been implemented in other jurisdictions.

In addition, our existing compliance processes and internal control systems may not be sufficient to prevent or detect all inappropriate practices, fraud or violations of law by our employees, contractors, agents, officers or any other persons who conduct business with or on behalf of us. We may in the future discover instances in which we have failed to comply with applicable laws and regulations or internal controls. If any of our employees, contractors, agents, officers or other persons with whom we conduct business engage in fraudulent, corrupt or other improper or unethical business practices or otherwise violate applicable laws, regulations or our own internal compliance systems, we could become subject to one or more enforcement actions by Peruvian or foreign authorities (including the U.S. Department of Justice) or otherwise be found to be in violation of such laws, which may result in penalties, fines and sanctions and in turn adversely affect our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.

In the past, Peru experienced significant levels of domestic terrorist activity. It is possible that a resurgence of terrorism in Peru may occur in the future, which would have a material adverse effect on the Peruvian economy and, ultimately, on us.

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Peru experienced significant levels of terrorist activity targeted against, among others, the government and private sector. These activities were attributed mainly to two local terrorist groups,Sendero Luminoso and the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement.

Both terrorist groups suffered significant defeats in the 1990s, including the arrest of their leaders, considerably limiting their activities after the 2000s. Although we believe that terrorist organizations no longer pose as significant a risk as they did in the 1980s and early 1990s, a small group of terrorists primarily engaged in drug trafficking, still operate in remote mountainous and jungle areas in central and southern Peru. Despite the suppression terrorist activity, terrorist activity and the illegal drug trade continue to be key challenges for Peruvian authorities. Any violence derived from the drug trade or a resumption of large-scale terrorist activities could hurt our operations and businesses. If a resurgence of terrorism in Peru occurs, it could affect the Peruvian economy and us.

Another source of risk is related to political and social unrest in areas where mining, oil and gas operations take place. In recent years, Peru has experienced protests against mining projects in several regions around the country. On several occasions, local communities have opposed these operations and accused them of polluting the environment and hurting agricultural and other traditional economic activities. Social demands and conflicts may occur in the future and if they do occur they may affect our business, financial condition and the Peruvian economy.

The climatic phenomenon El Niño and other natural phenomena such as earthquakes and floods may have a material and adverse effect on us.

Peru has experienced natural phenomena in the past such as earthquakes, other geologic events and flooding. For example, on January 14, 2018, an earthquake measuring 7.1 on the Richter local magnitude scale hit the southern coast of Peru. A major earthquake could damage the infrastructure necessary for our operations. In addition, increased rainfall from the weather phenomenon known as “El Niño,” which typically occurs every two to seven years, can contribute to flooding and mudslides, which could damage roads and highways providing access to our facilities. Peru has also experienced droughts caused by low rainfall. If such events occur in the future, we may suffer damage to, or destruction of, properties and equipment, or losses not covered by our insurance policies, as well as temporary disruptions to our services, which may materially and adversely affect us. If a significant number of our employees were affected by a natural disaster, our ability to conduct business could be impaired.

Factors Relating to Peru

Peruvian political conditions may have an adverse impact on our, Yanacocha’s and Cerro Verde’s business.

All of our, Yanacocha’s and Cerro Verde’s operations are conducted in Peru. Accordingly, our, Yanacocha’s and Cerro Verde’s business, financial condition or results of operations could be affected by changes in economic or other policies of the Peruvian government or other political, regulatory or economic developments in Peru.

Peru has had a history of political instability that has included military coups and a succession of regimes with differing policies and programs. Past governments have frequently played an interventionist role in the nation’s economy and social structure. Among other things, past governments have imposed controls on prices, exchange rates and local and foreign investment as well as limitations on imports, restricted the ability of companies to dismiss employees, expropriated private sector assets (including mining companies) and prohibited the remittance of profits to foreign investors.

The administration under President Ollanta Humala largely supported mining as a driver for the continued growth and future development of Peru. However, Peru held its elections for President in April 2016 in which President Ollanta Humala was ineligible to run due to constitutional term limits. With no candidate receiving a 50% majority of the vote, a run-off election was held in June 2016. Pedro Pablo Kuczynski ultimately defeated opponent Keiko Fujimori by less than half of a percentage point and was sworn in as president on July 28, 2016. However, Pedro Pablo Kuczynski resigned as President on March 21, 2018. His resignation was accepted by the Peruvian Congress on March 23, 2018 and on the same date he was replaced by the first Vice-President Mr. Martin Vizcarra, who previously served as the Peruvian ambassador in Canada. We cannot predict future government positions on mining concessions, land tenure, environmental regulation or taxation or assure you that future governments will maintain a generally favorable business climate and economic policies. Furthermore, the regional governor in Cajamarca, who was re-elected in October 2014, actively opposed the Conga project in 2012 and continues to reject the viability of its development. We cannot predict the future positions of either the central government or regional governments on foreign investment, mining concessions, land tenure or other regulation. Any change in government positions or laws on these issues could adversely affect the assets and operations of us, Yanacocha or the Conga project, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial position. Regulatory changes may include increased labor regulations, environmental and other regulatory requirements and additional taxes and royalties, and we may experience future protests, community demands and road blockages. Additionally, any inability to continue to develop the Conga project or operate at Yanacocha could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial position if Yanacocha is not able to replace its expected production.

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The resignation of former President Kuczynski and the impact to the political landscape in Peru could materially and adversely affect us.

On March 22, 2018, former President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski resigned in response to allegations of corruption for vote-buying in connection with the impeachment proceedings against him. On March 23, Congress accepted his resignation and his first vice president, Martín Vizcarra, was sworn in as acting president. If President Vizcarra and the current second vice president both resign, the president of Congress would become acting president and Congress would call for new elections, which may include both new presidential and congressional elections. The political instability caused by these events could affect macroeconomic conditions in the country, including currency volatility, as well as have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The foregoing political uncertainty and presidential decisions could further increase interest rate and currency volatility, as well as materially and adversely affect the Peruvian economy and, as a consequence, our business and financial condition.

Inflation, reduced economic growth and fluctuations in the Sol exchange rate may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Prior to 1994, Peru periodically experienced high inflation, slow or negative economic growth and substantial currency devaluation. The inflation rate in Peru, as measured by theIndice de Precios al Consumidor and published byInstituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática has fallen from a high of 7,649.7% in 1990 to ~~1.36%~~1.9% in ~~2017.~~2019. Our revenues and operating expenses are primarily denominated in U.S. Dollars. If inflation in Peru were to increase without a corresponding devaluation of the Sol relative to the U.S. Dollar, our financial position and results of operations, and the market price of our Common Shares and ADSs, could be affected. Although the Peruvian government’s stabilization plan has significantly reduced inflation since 1999, and the Peruvian economy has experienced strong growth in recent years, there can be no assurance that inflation will not increase from its current level or that such growth will continue in the future at similar rates or at all.

Among the economic circumstances that could lead to a devaluation would be the decline of Peruvian foreign reserves to inadequate levels. Peru’s foreign reserves at December 31, ~~2017~~2019 were US$~~63.62~~68.2 billion as compared to US$~~61.69~~60.1 billion at December 31, ~~2016.~~2018 as per the Banco Central de Reserva. Although actual foreign reserves must be maintained at levels that will allow the succeeding government the ability to manage the Peruvian economy and to assure monetary stability in the near future, there can be no assurance that Peru will be able to maintain adequate foreign reserves to meet its foreign currency denominated obligations, or that Peru will not devalue its currency should its foreign reserves decline. ~~See “Item 3. Key Information—A. Selected Financial Data—Exchange Rates.”~~

Peru’s current account deficit is being funded partially by foreign direct investment. There can be no assurance that foreign direct investment will continue at current levels, particularly if adverse political or economic developments in Peru arise, a development that may also contribute to devaluation pressure.

Deterioration in economic and market conditions in Latin America, Peru and other emerging market countries could affect the prices of our Common Shares and American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”).

Although economic conditions are different in each country, the reaction of investors to developments in one country is likely to cause the capital markets in other countries to fluctuate. For example, political and economic events, such as the crises in Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil and Argentina, have influenced investors’ perceptions of risk with regard to Peru. The negative investor reaction to developments in Latin America, particularly in our neighboring countries, may adversely affect the market for securities issued by countries in the region, cause foreign investors to decrease the flow of capital into Latin America and introduce uncertainty about plans for further integration of regional economies.

Peruvian exchange and investment control policies could affect dividends paid to holders of Common Shares and ADRs.

Peruvian law currently imposes no restrictions on the ability of companies operating in Peru to transfer foreign currency from Peru to other countries, to convert Peruvian currency into foreign currency or foreign currency into Peruvian currency or to remit dividends abroad, or on the ability of foreign investors to liquidate their investment and repatriate their capital. Before 1991, Peru had restrictive exchange controls and exchange rates. During the latter part of the 1980s, exchange restrictions prevented payment of dividends to our shareholders in the United States (the “U.S.”) in U.S. Dollars. Accordingly, should such or similar controls be instituted, dividends paid to holders of Common Shares and, consequently, holders of ADRs, could be affected. There can be no assurance that the Peruvian government will continue to permit such transfers, remittances or conversion without restriction. See “Item 10. Additional Information—D. Exchange Controls.”

U.S. securities laws do not require us to disclose as much information to investors as a U.S. issuer is required to disclose, and you may receive less information about us than you might otherwise receive from a comparable U.S. company.

The corporate disclosure requirements applicable to us may not be equivalent to the requirements applicable to a U.S. company and, as a result, you may receive less information about us than you might otherwise receive in connection with a comparable U.S. company. We are subject to the periodic reporting requirements of the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, that apply to “foreign private issuers.” The periodic disclosure required of foreign private issuers under the Exchange Act is more limited than the periodic disclosure required of U.S. issuers.

Holders of our securities may find it difficult to enforce judgments against us outside of Peru.

We are organized under the laws of Peru. A significant majority of our directors and officers reside outside the U.S. (principally in Peru). All or a substantial portion of our assets or the assets of such persons are located outside the U.S. As a result, it may not be possible for investors to effect service of process within the U.S. upon us or upon such persons or to enforce against them in federal or state courts in the U.S. judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the U.S. We have been advised by our Peruvian counsel that there is uncertainty as to the enforceability, in original actions in Peruvian courts, of liabilities predicated solely under the U.S. federal securities laws and as to the enforceability in Peruvian courts of judgments of U.S. courts obtained in actions predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws.

Factors Relating to the Common Shares and ADSs

The concentration of our capital stock ownership with certain members of the Benavides Family may limit our stockholders’ ability to influence corporate matters.

As of March 31, ~~2018,~~2020, three of our directors (and/or their spouses), Roque Benavides, Raul Benavides and Jose Miguel Morales, were members of the immediate and extended family of the late Alberto Benavides de la Quintana, our founder and former Chairman (collectively, the “Benavides Family”), and held an aggregate of ~~16.29%~~16.49% of Buenaventura’s outstanding share capital (including outstanding Common Shares and Investment Shares). In addition, certain other members of the Benavides Family are believed to hold a significant number of our Common Shares in aggregate. While the Benavides Family is not, to our knowledge, acting together as a group to vote their Common Shares, there can be no assurance that the Benavides Family will not, in the future, form a group for the purpose of voting their Common Shares or exerting influence over the management and policies of Buenaventura. Because of the significant aggregate ownership interest held by individual members of the Benavides Family, the Benavides Family could have the power to elect a significant number of the outstanding directors and exercise significant influence over the outcome of substantially all matters to be decided by a vote of shareholders.

In addition, under the terms of the amended and restated deposit agreement dated May 3, 2002 (as further amended and restated as of November 12, 2003, the “Amended and Restated Deposit Agreement”), among us, The Bank of New York Mellon (formerly The Bank of New York), as depositary, or the “Depositary”, and the owners and beneficial owners of ADSs, or the Amended and Restated Deposit Agreement, relating to our ADSs, if holders of ADSs do not provide the Depositary with timely instructions for the voting of Common Shares represented by such ADRs, the Depositary will be deemed to be instructed to give a person designated by us, which could be a member of the Benavides Family, a discretionary proxy to vote such shares, unless we inform the Depositary that we do not wish such proxy to be given.

Shareholders’ rights under Peruvian law may be fewer and less well-defined than shareholders’ rights in other countries, including the U.S.

Our shareholders have fewer and less well-defined rights under applicable Peruvian law than they might have as shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a jurisdiction of the U.S. or certain other countries. For example,- Peruvian law does not provide for proceedings by which non-controlling shareholders may file class action lawsuits or shareholder derivative actions against controlling shareholders or officers and directors, and the procedural requirements to file shareholder actions in Peru differ from those of the U.S. As a result, holders of our shares may face difficulty enforcing their rights.

1820

A sale of a substantial number of shares by the Benavides Family could have an adverse impact on the price of our Common Shares and ADSs.

The sale of a substantial number of our shares by members of the Benavides Family, or a market perception of the intention of members of the Benavides Family to sell a substantial number of shares, could materially and adversely affect prevailing market prices for the Common Shares and ADSs. There is no contractual restriction on the disposition of shares of our share capital by our shareholders, including the Benavides Family. Furthermore, under theLey General de Sociedades Peruanas, or “Peruvian Companies Law,” any restriction on the free sale of shares in asociedad anónima abierta (open stock company) such as we are, is null and void.

Holders of ADSs may be unable to exercise preemptive rights and accretion rights available to the Common Shares underlying the ADSs.

Holders of the ADSs are, under Peruvian law, entitled to exercise preemptive rights and accretion rights on the Common Shares underlying the ADSs in the event of any future capital increase by us unless (x) the increase is approved, expressly stating that the shareholders have no preemptive rights to subscribe and pay for the Common Shares to be issued in such increase, by holders of Common Shares holding at least 40% of the Common Shares at a properly called meeting with a proper quorum and (y) the increase is not designed to improve directly or indirectly the shareholding of any shareholder. However, U.S. holders of ADSs may not be able to exercise through the Depositary for the ADSs the preemptive rights and accretion rights for Common Shares underlying their ADSs unless a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the “Securities Act,” is effective with respect to such rights or an exemption from the registration requirement thereunder is available. Any such rights offering would have a dilutive effect upon shareholders who are unable or unwilling to exercise their rights. We intend to evaluate, at the time of any rights offering, the costs and potential liabilities associated with any registration statement as well as the associated benefits of enabling the holders of ADSs to exercise such rights and will then make a decision as to whether to file such a registration statement. Therefore, no assurance can be given that we will file any such registration statement. To the extent that holders of ADSs are unable to exercise such rights because a registration statement has not been filed and no exemption from such registration statement under the Securities Act is available, the Depositary will, to the extent practicable, sell such holders’ preemptive rights or accretion rights and distribute the net proceeds thereof, if any, to the holders of ADSs, and such holders’ equity interest in us will be diluted proportionately. The Depositary has discretion to make rights available to holders of ADSs or to dispose of such rights and to make any net proceeds available to such holders. If, by the terms of any rights offering or for any other reason, the Depositary is not able to make such rights or such net proceeds available to any holder of ADSs, the Depositary may allow the rights to lapse.

ITEM 4.

Information on the Company

In this Item 4, we present information first with respect to Buenaventura, followed by information with respect to Yanacocha, in which we had a ~~45.95%~~43.65% partnership interest as of December 31, ~~2017.~~2019.

BUENAVENTURA

~~History and Development~~

A. History and Development

Overview

We are Peru’s largest publicly traded precious metals company in terms of market cap and operating presence as we operate in 8 regions across the country. Also, we are engaged in the exploration, mining and processing of gold, silver, copper and, to a lesser extent, other metals in Peru. We currently operate the Orcopampa, Uchucchacua, Julcani ~~Mallay~~ and Tambomayo mines and have controlling interests in three other mining companies that operate the Colquijirca-Marcapunta, Tantahuatay and La Zanja mines. We also own an electric power transmission company, a hydroelectric plant and a processing plant ~~and an engineering services consulting company~~ as well as non-controlling interests in several other mining companies, including a significant ownership interest in Yanacocha, a Peruvian partnership that operates the largest gold mine in South America, and Cerro Verde, a Peruvian company that operates a copper mine located in the south of Peru. For the year ended December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, our consolidated net revenues were US$~~1,274.38~~ 867.888 million and our consolidated net ~~profit~~loss was US$~~64.43~~28.459 million.

Discontinued operations.In 2014, we publicly announced our decision to sell four of our mining units: Poracota, Recuperada, Antapite and Shila-Paula. As a consequence, these mining units were presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements as mining units held for sale. According to IFRS 5 “Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations,” the related assets and liabilities are presented in the consolidated statement of financial position at the lower of cost and fair value less cost to sale. During 2016, we decided to change the classification of three mining units (Poracota, Recuperada and Shila-Paula) that had been mining units held for sale and began the final closing process for these mines. In December 2016, we sold the Antapite mining unit. In 2016, we started the final closing process for the Breapampa mining unit. As a result, income, costs and expenses related to this mining unit were classified as discontinued operations for the years 2016, 2015 and 2014. During 2017, we sold the Breapampa and Recuperada mining units.

During 2019, we decided to change the classification of our Mallay mining unit as a discontinued operation for the years 2019, 2018 and 2017. See Note 1(e) and Note 2.4(w) to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The table below summarizes the total production and our equity share of production for the Orcopampa, Uchucchacua, Julcani, ~~Mallay,~~ Tambomayo, El Brocal, La Zanja, Tantahuatay, Yanacocha and Cerro Verde mines for the year ended December 31, ~~2017:~~2019:

	Total Production													Buenaventura’s Equity Share of Production										Total Production (unaudited)													Buenaventura’s Equity Share of Production
UNIT	Buenaventura’s Equity Ownership			Silver (oz.)		Gold (oz.)		Lead (t)		Zinc (t)		Copper (t)		Silver (oz.)		Gold (oz.)		Lead (t)		Zinc (t)		Copper (t)		Buenaventura’s Equity Ownership			Silver (oz.)		Gold (oz.)		Lead (t)		Zinc (t)		Copper (t)		Silver (oz.)		Gold (oz.)		Lead (t)		Zinc (t)		Copper (t)
Orcopampa		100	%		528,449		190,976		-		-		-		528,449		190,976		-		-		-		100	%		18,791		41,660								18,791		41,660
Uchucchacua		100	%		16,583,698		-		16,708		13,040		-		16,583,698		-		16,708		13,040		-		100	%		10,640,913				17,635		19,144				10,640,913				17,635		19,144
Julcani		100	%		2,249,527		200		1,824		-		192		2,249,527		200		1,824		-		192		100	%		2,609,006		150		966				185		2,609,006		150		966				185
Mallay		100	%		1,109,382		642		4,061		7,102		-		1,109,382		642		4,061		7,102		-
Tambomayo		100	%		1,788,219		64,175		2,070		2,906		-		1,788,219		64,175		2,070		2,906		-		100	%		2,556,391		99,245		7,603		9,672				2,556,391		99,245		7,603		9,672
El Brocal		61.43	%		4,084,249		22,536		20,313		51,511		45,097		2,504,461		13,819		12,456		31,587		27,654		61.43	%		4,366,438		18,726		23,599		43,580		43,394		2,682,303		11,504		14,497		26,771		26,657
La Zanja		53.06	%		280,908		127,118		-		-		-		149,050		67,449		-		-		-		53.06	%		97,204		31,500								51,576		16,714
Tantahuatay		40.10	%		800,942		151,454		-		-		-		321,138		60,726		-		-		-		40.10	%		754,306		162,196								302,439		65,032
Yanacocha		45.95	%		1,039,071		534,692		-		-		-		477,453		245,691		-		-		-		43.65	%		737,239		527,337								321,805		230,183
Cerro Verde		19.58	%		3,811,292		-		-		-		481,810		746,251		-		-		-		94,338		19.58	%		4,685,092								455,305		917,341								89,149
Total Production		100	%		32,275,736		1,091,793		44,976		74,560		527,100		26,457,628		643,678		37,120		54,635		122,184		100	%		24,465,380		880,814		49,803		72,396		498,883		20,100,565		464,488		40,701		55,587		115,990

Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A., asociedad anónima abierta ~~(open stock company)~~(publicly held corporation) under the laws of Peru, was originally established in 1953 as asociedad anónima ~~(stock company)~~(corporation) under the laws of Peru, and currently operates under the laws of Peru. Our registered office is located at Las Begonias 415 – Floor 19, Lima 27, Peru, telephone no. 511-419-2500. Our website may be found at http://www.buenaventura.com. The information on our website is not a part of, and is not incorporated into, this document.

The SEC maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. All of the SEC filings made electronically by the Company are available to the public on the SEC website at www.sec.gov (commission file number 1-14370).

History

During the first several decades of our operations, we focused on the exploration and development of silver mines in Peru, including our Julcani, Orcopampa and Uchucchacua mines. Beginning in the early 1980s, we began to explore for gold and other metals in Peru to diversify our business and reduce our dependence on silver. We expanded our mineral reserves through property acquisition and intensive exploration programs designed to increase reserves and production of gold. We also conducted exploration leading to the discovery of gold mineralization and subsequent production of gold at our Orcopampa, La Zanja, Breapampa and Tambomayo mines. In addition, we made significant equity investments in Yanacocha, which operates an open-pit gold mine in Peru, Cerro Verde, which operates an open-pit copper mine in Peru, and Coimolache, which owns the Tantahuatay gold mine that we operate. As a result of these initiatives, the majority of our revenues are now derived from the production of gold.

2023

Business Strategy

Our strategy is to sustain our position as Peru’s largest, publicly-traded gold and silver mining company by expanding our reserves and production. We are currently engaged in an active exploration and mine development program and participate in several mining exploration projects with Newmont Mining, Southern Copper Corporation, Corporación Aceros Arequipa S.A. and Compañía de Minas Caudalosa S.A.C. In addition, we seek to increase the efficiency and capacity of our mining operations. We are aware of our social and environmental responsibilities and aim to excel in the prevention, mitigation and rehabilitation of mining-related disturbances.

Maintaining an Active Exploration Program

During ~~2017,~~2019, we spent US$~~18.3~~11.879 million on “exploration in non-operating areas” and US$~~94.9~~44.163 million on “exploration in operating units.” Our “exploration in non-operating areas” investments mainly focused on the following exploration projects: ~~Yumpag,~~Yumpaq, Marcapunta ~~Tambomayo~~ and Emperatriz. Our “exploration in operating units” investments were mainly focused in the Orcopampa, Uchucchacua, and Julcani units.

In ~~2018,~~2020, we intend to invest approximately US$~~85.0~~25 to US$~~95.0~~35 million in exploration in operating units (mainly in Tambomayo, Orcopampa and Uchucchacua) and US$~~25.0~~10 to US$~~35.0~~20 million mainly in explorations in non-operating areas at the Trapiche and San Gabriel projects, among others.

Participation in Mining Exploration Agreements

In addition to managing and operating precious metals mines, we participate in mining exploration agreements with mining partners to reduce risks, gain exposure to new technologies and diversify revenues to include other base metals, such as copper and zinc. See “B. Business Overview—Exploration.” We believe that maintaining our focus on mining operations complements our partnership strategy because the engineering and geological expertise gained from such operations enhances our ability to participate in and contribute to those projects.

Capital Expenditures

Our capital expenditures during the past three years have related principally to the acquisition of new mining properties, construction of new facilities and renewal of plant and equipment. Capital expenditures relating to exploration are not included in the table below and are discussed separately in “B. Business Overview— Exploration.” Set forth below is information concerning capital expenditures incurred by us in respect of each of our principal operating mines (not including capital expenditures for administrative purposes or other non-mining or non-energy subsidiaries) and by category of expenditure:

Year Ended December 31,
2015 2016 2017
(US$ in thousands)
Tambomayo 77,093 230,223 131,119
Colquijirca and Marcapunta 37,571 51,289 61,060
Uchucchacua 20,245 28,899 18,127
La Zanja 27,741 14,995 17,326
Orcopampa 8,198 3,451 12,674
San Gabriel 22,657 23,476 12,221
Julcani 1,323 759 1,951
Mallay 2,259 2,729 1,796
Molle Verde 4,049 1,861 1,656
Huanza 1,156 457 675
Río Seco 2,140 3,719 459
Conenhua 5,003 3,779 177
Others 1,851 1,197 266
Total 211,286 366,834 259,507

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017		2018		2019
	(US$ in thousands)
Uchucchacua		18,127		18,429		31,479
Colquijirca and Marcapunta		61,060		29,572		28,298
Molle Verde		1,656		10,722		16,179
San Gabriel		12,221		6,419		10,315
Tambomayo		131,119		18,858		9,641
La Zanja		17,326		13,159		1,629
Julcani		1,951		2,984		1,559
Río Seco		459		1,816		1,443
Orcopampa		12,674		6,225		1,323
Mallay		1,796		1,810		-
Conenhua		177		111		-
Huanza		675		7		223
Others		266		1,158		538
Total		259,507		111,270		102,627

2124

	Year Ended December 31,						Year Ended December 31,
	2015		2016		2017		2017		2018		2019
	(US$ in thousands)						(US$ in thousands)
Fixed assets		49,398		55,423		6,280		6,280		836		716
Work in progress		81,333		210,915		165,610		165,610		67,096		44,319
Development costs		80,555		100,496		87,617		87,617		43,338		57,592
Total		211,286		366,834		259,507		259,507		111,270		102,627

We partially funded the El Brocal Expansion and the construction of the Huanza hydroelectric power plant with leasing facilities. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Buenaventura—B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Long-Term Debt.”

We have budgeted approximately US$~~180.0~~85 to US$~~220.0~~105 million for capital expenditures for ~~2018.~~2020. We continuously evaluate opportunities to expand our business within Peru, as well as in other countries as opportunities arise, and expect to continue to do so in the future. We may in the future decide to acquire part or all of the equity of, or undertake other transactions with, other companies involved in the same business as us or in other related businesses. However, there can be no assurance that we will decide to pursue any such new activity or transaction.

Business Overview

We mainly produce refined gold and silver, either as concentrates or doré bars, and other metals such as lead, zinc and copper as concentrates that we distribute and sell locally and internationally. The following table sets forth the production of the Orcopampa, Tambomayo, Uchucchacua, Julcani, ~~Mallay,~~ La Zanja and Colquijirca-Marcapunta mines by type of product for the last three years, calculated in each case on the basis of 100% of the applicable mine’s production. Production from Cerro Verde, Yanacocha and Tantahuatay are not included in these production figures.

	Year Ended December 31,⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾						Year Ended December 31, (Unaudited)⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾
	2015		2016		2017		2017		2018		2019
Gold (oz.)		356,367		357,570		405,646		405,004		338,189		191,281
Silver (oz.)		24,648,761		23,035,110		26,624,431		25,515,049		26,264,109		20,288,743
Zinc (t)		68,184		75,075		74,560		67,458		76,119		72,397
Lead (t)		37,072		33,850		44,976		40,915		44,972		49,803
Copper (t)		32,400		49,460		45,289		45,289		46,400		43,578

(1)

The amounts in this table reflect the total production of all of our consolidated subsidiaries, including El Brocal and La Zanja.

(2)

Amounts ~~for 2015, 2016 and 2017~~ exclude production from the operating mines that are classified as discontinued operations.

Exploration

We view exploration as our primary means of generating value for our shareholders and we maintain a portfolio of active exploration projects at various stages of exploration for mineral resources in Peru. During ~~2017,~~2019, we spent US$~~18.3~~11.879 million on “exploration in non-operating areas” mainly focused in the ~~Tambomayo, Yumpag,~~Yumpaq and Marcapunta ~~and Emperatriz~~ exploration projects, and US$~~94.9~~44.163 million on “exploration in operating units” mainly focused in the Tambomayo, Orcopampa ~~Uchucchacua~~ and ~~Julcani~~Uchucchacua mining units. During ~~2018,~~2020, we expect to invest approximately US$~~85.0~~25 to US$~~95.0~~35 million in these exploration activities.

Our exploration department develops programs and budgets for individual projects each year and we allocate, subject to board approval, the proper amount to fund each particular exploration program. Because of the nature of mining exploration and to maintain flexibility to take advantage of opportunities, we allocate budgeted amounts by property or project only in the case of high probability of success. We also allocate non-budgeted amounts over the course of the year to new projects that our technical team considers highly prospective.

We have active joint venture exploration agreements with other mining companies, including Newmont Peru S.R.L., Minera Barrick Misquichilca, Southern Copper Corporation, ~~Corporación Aceros Arequipa S.A.~~Regulus Resources, Alianza Minerals and ~~Compañía de Minas Caudalosa S.A.C.~~Minera Bateas. Additionally, we now hold 19.3% of the current outstanding shares of Tinka Resources Limited. In this way we have access to ~~financing for~~promising mining projects through exploration of our own mining properties as well as third-party properties ~~without~~while sharing the ~~costs~~exploration and development risks ~~of outright acquisition, increased~~with recognized partners, and increasing our exposure to new exploration technologies, ~~and expansion of~~while expanding our knowledge and ~~sharing of~~ experiences of management, geologists and engineers. In these mining exploration agreements, we may be the operator, an equity participant, the manager or a combination of these and other functions.

The following table lists our principal exploration projects in non-operating areas, our effective participation in each project, our partners with respect to each project, the total number of hectares in each project, observed mineralization of each project and the exploration expenditures for each project during ~~2016~~2018 and ~~2017.~~2019.

Exploration Projects⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾	Buenaventura’s Effective Participation		Property Hectares		Observed Mineralization	Total Exploration Expenditures During					Buenaventura’s Effective Participation		Property Hectares		Observed Mineralization	Total Exploration Expenditures During
at March 31, 2018						2016		2017
at March 31, 2020										at March 31, 2020						2018		2019
						(US$ in millions)										(US$ in millions)
Yumpag		100.00%		5,518	Silver		-		2.67
Asuncion		100.00%		1,000	Silver, Gold		-		0.48
Yumpaq												100.00%		4,426	Silver		18.05		2.53
San Gabriel												100.00%		57,900	Gold, Silver and Copper		0.93		0.08
Ccelloccasa												100.00%		11,123	Gold and Silver		0.33		0.03
Trapiche												100.00%		39,595	Copper, Molybdenum		0.31		-
Mayra												100.00%		4,767	Silver, Gold		-		-
San Gregorio												61.43%		4,303	Zinc		-		-
Gaby		100.00%		800	Silver, Gold		-		0.88			100.00%		800	Silver, Gold		-		-
Mayra		100.00%		5,000	Silver, Gold		-		0.15
Trapiche		100.00%		36,798	Copper, Molybdenum		0.62		0.54
San Gabriel		100.00%		58,900	Gold, Silver and Copper		7.40		0.59
San Gregorio		61.43%		4,382	Zinc		0.03		-
Daniela		100.00%		18,500	Copper and Gold		0.51		0.96
Ccelloccasa		100.00%		12,157	Gold and Silver		0.24		0.18
Other minor							17.79		11.85								9.85		9.24
Total exploration in non-operating areas							26.59		18.30								36.31		11.88

(1)

In addition to these projects, we continue to conduct exploration at all of our operating mines and our subsidiaries.

(2)

Only includes explorations conducted by Buenaventura.

The following table lists the mines in which we directed our principal explorations efforts, mineralization of each mine and the exploration expenditures for ~~2016~~2018 and ~~2017.~~2019.

Operating Units	Observed Mineralization	Total Exploration Expenditures During 2016				Total Exploration Expenditures During 2017				Observed Mineralization	Total Exploration Expenditures During 2018				Total Exploration Expenditures During 2019
		Total		Buenaventura		Total		Buenaventura			Total		Buenaventura		Total		Buenaventura
		(US$ in millions)				(US$ in millions)					(US$ in millions)				(US$ in millions)
Buenaventura’s Units:
Tambomayo										Gold		20.55		20.55		11.61		11.61
Orcopampa	Silver and Gold		31.41		31.41		38.82		38.82	Silver and Gold		29.56		29.56		9.04		9.04
Uchucchacua	Silver, Lead and Zinc		45.11		45.11		27.07		27.07	Silver, Lead and Zinc		20.90		20.90		8.92		8.92
Colquijirca										Copper, Zinc, Lead and Silver		10.0		10.0		8.73		8.73
Julcani	Silver		11.07		11.07		13.01		13.01	Silver		8.65		8.65		5.86		5.86
Mallay	Zinc, Lead and Silver		7.96		7.96		5.62		5.62
Tambomayo	Gold		-		-		9.54		9.54
La Zanja	Gold		0.60		0.60		0.87		0.87	Gold		0.07		0.07		0.00		0.00
Total			96.15		96.15		94.93		94.93			89.73		89.73		44.16		44.16

2326

The following is a brief summary of current exploration activities conducted by Buenaventura directly and through joint exploration agreements, which we believe represent the best prospects for discovering new reserves. There can be no assurance, however, that any of our current exploration projects will result in viable mineral production or that any of the mineralization identified to date will ultimately result in an increase in our ore reserves. Set forth below is a map of our principal exploration projects in Peru as of December 31, ~~2017.~~2019.

Exploration Projects in Non-Operating Areas

~~Yumpag~~Yumpaq. ~~We are currently focusing our exploration efforts on the Yumpag Project, which~~The Yumpaq project is located four kilometers northeast of the Uchucchacua mine. This project is an epithermal silver-manganese deposit hosted by ~~cretaceous limestone rocks belonging to the Jumasha formation.~~Cretaceous limestone. Mineralization is structurally influenced by the Cachipampa fault, which also influences significant areas of silver mineralization at the Uchucchacua mine. ~~We estimate NRM~~

The exploration ramp was completed in 2019 and is 3.42 kilometers in length. This ramp provided access to ~~be 1.26 million tons with~~facilitate an ~~average grade of 24.9 ounces per ton of silver and 21.3% manganese in~~underground infill drilling program to the Camila ~~ore bodies.~~vein and was completed in June 2019. In ~~2018, we~~total, 18,606 meters were drilled as part of this program. SRK (Peru) prepared a mineral resource estimate in September 2019. We plan to invest US$~~15.3~~1.0 million to ~~continue exploration of~~explore other veins from the ~~Yumpag~~Yumpaq project.

~~Trapiche.~~Trapiche. The Trapiche project is operated by Molle Verde S.A.C, which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Buenaventura. The project is located in the Apurimac region and belongs to the Andahuaylas-Yauri belt, which contains several iron, copper and gold deposits. In 2017, we focused our efforts on reaching an agreement with the local community in order to improve the economic benefits to the community, which we anticipate will allow us to restart field activities and complete a prefeasibility study for a leach only alternative. The resources of leachable material is 290 million tons with an average grade of 0.51 percent copper.

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During 2019 we finished all the necessary drill holes to complete a pre-feasibility study with M3 and finished the on-site column test pilot plant that will be performing leaching confirmation testing thru out 2020. The environmental base line study is almost complete and will supporting the EIA submission on the second part of the year. Currently starting power line and access road right-of-way negotiations.

San ~~Gabriel~~Gabriel. . The San Gabriel project is wholly-owned by Buenaventura and encompasses 57,282 hectares of mining concessions. The project is located in Moquegua region in southern Peru. This deposit is an intermediate sulfidation deposit hosted by diatreme breccia body at the sediment-intrusive contact. ~~In 2018, we plan to invest US$10 million to conduct additional trade-off studies before moving the project to the prefeasibility stage.~~

~~Daniela.~~The Daniela project is located in the Arequipa region within the highly prospective coastal Iron Oxide Copper Gold deposit/Porphyry belt of southern Peru, consisting of 18,400 hectares of mining concessions, of which we own 11,700 hectares and lease 6,700 hectares from Union Mines S.A.C. In 2017, we conducted 2,093 meters of diamond drilling, which returned negative results. We do not plan to conduct any further exploration activities in 2018.

~~Ccelloccasa~~San Gregorio. The Ccelloccasa project is an epithermal vein deposit located in the Ayacucho region and consists of 8,717 hectares of mining concessions wholly-owned by Buenaventura. In 2017, we conducted a geophysical survey and started the process to obtain the necessary environmental and social permits in order to conduct a drilling campaign by the end of 2018.

~~San Gregorio.~~San Gregorio is located infour kilometers south of the ~~Cerro Pasco region. During 2017, we~~Colquijirca mine and consists of carbonate-hosted epithermal zinc-lead deposits. We continued ~~our~~ efforts to achieve an understanding with the local community with the aim of re-activating exploration activities.

Ccelloccasa. In 2019, we obtained the necessary environmental and social permits from Peruvian governmental authorities to begin operations in Ccelloccasa. In 2020, we expect to obtain authorization for commencement of operations from Peruvian governmental authorities, including confirmation from Peruvian governmental authorities that the community supports the upcoming drilling ~~campaign in 2018.~~program.

Tambomayo:~~Asunción,~~. Despite having obtained approval from the necessary environmental authorities, we were unable to operate the diamond drilling program under the Mayra and Gaby~~. During 2017, we conducted 2,279 meters of diamond drilling on the Asuncion project~~ projects due to social conflicts. We are working with ~~negative results. We intend~~local governments to explore the eastern end of the vein upon receipt of permission from the owner of the surface rights. We also obtained the environmental permits needed to execute a diamond drill campaign of 5,500 meters at the Gaby and Mayra projects during the second quarter of 2018. In 2018, we plan to invest US$3.0 million inreinstate exploration programs under these ~~explorations.~~projects.

Exploration in Operating Areas

Uchucchacua. During ~~2017,~~2019, the exploration ~~activities were~~program was mainly focused on the Socorro, ~~mine, earning the largest volume of mineral reserves. The Huantajalla,~~Cachipampa, Carmen and Casualidad ~~mines~~sectors. In Socorro below the Amy - Giovanna system, silver values greater than 15 ounces per ton were ~~explored with relative success, finding narrow structures~~discovered. By 2020, we expect exploration to be focused on (where higher levels) of this silver are easily accesible, including the Rosa, Sandra and Tension veins. In addition, we will continue to explore the Amy-Giovanna system below level 4710 for resources with high silver ~~contents.~~values.

~~Orcopampa~~Orcopampa.~~. In 2017, geological~~During 2019, a program was implemented to centralize mining operations and was part of “debottlenecking” process that allowed us to reach a positive operating margin in the fourth quarter of 2019. The exploration ~~activities were~~program was focused on ~~three areas:~~generating new targets and increasing the certainty of the resources in the Pucará Sur, ~~vein area, where high-grade gold reserves were found; the~~Pucara Sur Piso, Pucarina, María Isabel 2, Ocoruro and Nazareno ~~Prosperidad~~veins, between levels 3690 and Andrea vein areas, which are important for providing mineral reserves with high gold and silver grades; and the Prometida area, where the new Alondra vein was explored, which has important gold and silver grades and widths of up3540. In 2020, we expect explorations to ~~2.0 meters.~~

~~Tambomayo~~~~. During 2017, exploration~~be focused on ~~defining~~Ocoruro, María Isabel and Pucará Sur sectors.

Tambomayo.Explorations made to date show economic mineralization between the ~~east~~4950 and ~~west extensions~~4100 meters above sea level, which means 850 vertical meters and 1,200 horizontal meters. These explorations generated great geological potential for exploring in the structures of this main system. In 2019, the exploration program was focused on completing the recognition of the ~~Mirtha~~veins in the operational footprint and ~~Esperanza veins~~re-categorizing and extending the ~~Paola vein system at level~~resources for this program. Three main areas, including the deepening in the area of operations, and Venturosa and Los Diques, were explored in order to open new exploration fronts between levels 4540 and 4340. These ~~explorations have contributed ore resources with important silver~~new areas yielded hints of favorable mineralization and ~~gold grades. In 2018,~~ we ~~plan~~expect they will continue to ~~carry out a campaign of diamond drills focused on deepening known veins to levels below 4340.~~be explored in 2020.

Competition

We believe that competition in the metals market is based primarily upon cost. We also compete with other mining companies and private individuals for the acquisition of mining concessions and leases in Peru and for the recruitment and retention of qualified employees.

Sales of Metal Concentrates

All of our metal production is sold to smelters and traders, either in concentrate or metal form, such as gold-silver concentrate, silver-lead concentrate, zinc concentrate, lead-gold-copper concentrate, gold-copper concentrate and gold and silver bullion. Our concentrates sales are made under one to three-year, U.S. Dollar-denominated contracts, pursuant to which the selling price is based on world metal prices as follows: generally, in the case of gold and silver-based concentrates, the London Spot settlement prices for gold, less certain allowances, and the London Spot or the U.S. Commodities Exchange settlement price for silver, less certain allowances; and, in the case of base-metal concentrates, such as zinc, lead and copper, the London Metals Exchange (“LME”) settlement prices for the specific metal, less certain allowances. Sales ~~prices vary according to formulas that take into account agreed contractual average prices~~of concentrates and metal allow for aprice adjustments based on their market price at the end of the relevant quotational period (QP), generally being the month of, the month before, or the month following the scheduled month of shipment or delivery according to the terms of the contracts. Sales of concentrates and metals at provisional prices include a gain (loss) to be received at the end of the QP, based on the spread between the actual price at the end of the QP and the agreed contractual average prices; this is considered a variable portion of the consideration. Changes in the price during the QP are recognized in the “Net of sales of goods” caption.

The historical average annual prices for gold and silver per ounce and our average annual gold and silver prices per ounce for each of the last two years and through March 31, ~~2018~~2020 are set forth below:

	Gold				Silver
	Average Annual Market Price		Our Average Annual Price⁽¹⁾		Average Annual Market Price		Our Average Annual Price⁽¹⁾
	US$/oz.⁽²⁾		US$/oz.		US$/oz.⁽³⁾		US$/oz.
2018		1,268.49		1,267.99		15.71		15.09
2019		1,393.71		1,405.36		16.20		16.36
2020 (through March 31, 2020)		1,582.80		1,691.81		16.90		17.16

Gold Silver

Average Annual
Market Price

Our Average
Annual Price⁽¹⁾

Average Annual
Market Price

Our Average
Annual Price⁽¹⁾

US$/oz.⁽²⁾ US$/oz. US$/oz.⁽³⁾ US$/oz.
2016 1,248.32 1,244.02 17.10 17.65
2017 1,257.13 1,267.56 15.56 16.54
2018
(through March 31, 2018) 1,329.28 1,344.15 16.77 16.20

(1)

Our average annual price includes only the consolidated average annual price from our mines.

(2)

Average annual gold prices are based on the London PM fix as provided byMetals Week.

(3)

Average annual silver prices are based on London Spot prices.

Most of the sales contracts we enter into with our customers state a specific amount of metal or concentrate the customer will purchase. We have sales commitments from various parties for nearly all of our estimated ~~2018~~2020 production; however, concentrates not sold under any of our contracts may be sold on a spot sale basis to merchants and consumers.

Sales and Markets

The following table sets forth our total revenues from the sale of gold, silver, lead, zinc and copper in the past two fiscal years:

Year ended December 31,⁽¹⁾

Product 2016 2017
(US$ in thousands)
Gold 440,603 511,434
Silver 385,989 409,745
Lead 58,690 94,955
Zinc 142,425 188,023
Copper 224,649 268,527

	Year ended December 31,⁽¹⁾
Product	2018		2019
	(US$ in thousands)
Gold		411,877		254,194
Silver		362,122		298,171
Lead		85,555		89,141
Zinc		164,666		149,317
Copper		274,761		238,304

(1)

Does not include commercial deductions for refinery charges and penalties incurred in ~~2017~~2019 of US$~~253.9~~ 220.4 million and in ~~2016~~2018 of US$~~244.4~~192.7 million.

Approximately ~~60.48%~~52.97% and ~~55.07%~~41.29% of our concentrate and gold bullion sales in ~~2016~~2018 and ~~2017~~2019 (without considering adjustments to prior periods ~~embedded derivatives~~liquidations, fair value from sale of concentrate or hedge operations), were sold outside Peru. Set forth below is a table that shows the percentage of sales of concentrate and gold bullion from our mines and gold bullion that was sold to our various customers from ~~2016~~2018 to ~~2017.~~2019.

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	Percent of Concentrates and Gold Bullion Sales						Percent of Concentrates and Gold Bullion Sales
	2016			2017			2018			2019
Export Sales:
Asahi Refining Canada Ltd and Asahi Refining USA Inc.		38.53			38.04			32.96			21.12
Lois Dreyfus Commodities Metal Suisse SA		3.43			2.70
IXM S.A. (formerly Louis Dreyfus Commodities Metal Suisse SA)								1.69			0.3
Mercuria Energy Trading SA		3.40			2.37			3.30			2.9
Metalor Technologies		2.76			1.66			2.36			0.73
N.V. Umicore SA		2.38			1.41			0.90			0.8
MRI Trading AG		1.46			1.66			1.10			1.25
Others		8.52			3.86			10.66			14.19
Total Export Sales		60.48	%		51.70	%		52.97	%		41.29	%

Domestic Sales:
Andina Trade S.A.C.		0.67			0.98			1.12			3.26
Glencore Peru S.A.C.		20.74			20.26			17.40			16.27
Trafigura Peru		7.58			11.95			12.77			24.77
Sudamericana Trading SRL		2.14			2.44			3.61			0.64
Lois Dreyfus Commodities Peru S.R.L		3.23			7.66
IXM Trading Peru S.A.C. (formerly Lois Dreyfus Commodities Peru S.R.L)								9.89			11.35
Others		5.16			5.01			0.83			2.42
Total Domestic Sales		39.52	%		48.30	%		47.03	%		58.71	%
Total Sales		100	%		100	%		100	%		100	%

The following table shows our committed sales volumes of silver-lead, gold-silver and zinc concentrates from ~~2018~~2020 to ~~2020:~~2022:

	Wet tons		Wet tons		Wet tons		Wet tons		Wet tons		Wet tons
Concentrate	2018		2019		2020		2020		2021		2022
Uchucchacua’s Silver-Lead		102,000		48,000		39,000		91,200		25,600		23,000
Uchucchacua’s Zinc		58,000		38,000		38,000		93,000		-		-
Uchucchacua’s Silver								76,800		77,900		73,100
Julcani’s Silver-Lead⁽¹⁾		4,600		1,600		-		4,550		4,400		4,400
Mallay’s Silver-Lead⁽²⁾		4,500		-		-
Mallay’s Zinc⁽²⁾		5,000		-		-
Julcani’s Silver								3,500		-		-
Tambomayo’s Silver-Lead		8,200		8,000		4,000		15,800		5,000		5,000
Tambomayo’s Zinc		17,000		19,000		15,000		15,300		1,500		1,500
El Brocal’s Copper		276,000		329,000		233,000		244,000		325,700		265,000
El Brocal’s Lead-Silver⁽¹⁾		48,000		21,000		-
El Brocal’s Zinc		104,000		89,000		28,000

Note: The price of the concentrate supplied under the contract is based on specified market quotations minus deductions.

(1)

Represents committed sales volumes from ~~2018~~2020 to ~~2019.~~2021.

(2)

Represents committed sales volumes for ~~2018.~~2020.

We also sell refined gold, which is derived from our operations at Orcopampa, Tambomayo, Coimolache and La Zanja to Asahi Refining, or “Asahi,” which further refines the gold. During ~~2017,~~2019, the price of gold supplied was determined based on, for the gold content, the quotation for gold at the London Gold Market PM fixing in U.S. Dollars, and for the silver content, the quotation for silver at the London Silver Market spot fixing in U.S. Dollars or at spot prices, minus, in each case, certain minimum charges, as well as charges for customs clearance and treatment of the gold (which varies depending on its gold and silver content). We may elect to have our material toll refined at Asahi’s works and returned to our account for sale to third parties. Pursuant to our agreement, we are responsible for delivering the gold to Asahi’s designated flight at the Lima airport.

Hedging/Normal Sales Contracts

We and our wholly-owned subsidiaries are completely unhedged as to the prices at which our gold and silver will be sold. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Factors Relating to the Company—Our financial performance is highly dependent on the prices of gold, silver, copper and other metals.”

El Brocal uses derivative instruments to manage its exposure to changes in the price of metals. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognized at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.

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El Brocal’s hedge is classified as a cash flow hedge. The effective portion of gain or loss on the hedging instrument is initially recognized in the consolidated statements of changes in equity, under the caption other equity reserves, while the ineffective portion is recognized immediately in the consolidated statements of profit or loss in the finance costs caption. Yanacocha and Cerro Verde have not engaged in, and are currently not engaged in, gold or copper price hedging activities, such as forward sales or option contracts, to minimize their respective exposures to fluctuations in the price of gold and copper.

From January to December ~~2018,~~2019, El Brocal had outstanding hedging commitments amounting to ~~36,000~~2,000 metric tons of copper at an average fixed price of US$~~6,479~~ 7,349 per ton and 6,000 metric tons of zinc at an average price of US$ 2,907 per ton.

Regulatory Framework

Mining and Processing Concessions

In Peru, as in many other countries, surface land is owned by private landowners, while the government retains ownership of all subsurface land and mineral resources. Our right to explore, exploit, extract, process and/or produce silver, gold and other metals is granted by the Peruvian government in the form of mining and processing concessions. The rights and obligations of holders of mining and/or concessions, provisional permits and processing concessions and other similar matters are currently set forth in the General Mining Law (Single Unified Text approved by Supreme Decree 014-92-EM), which is administered by MEM.

Pursuant to the General Mining Law, filers of mining claims ~~cannot begin~~must obtain a mining concession before they start any mining ~~activity prior to obtaining a mining concession.~~activity. Applications for mining concessions must be filed with the regional mining directors of each regional government where the mining concession is located ~~and~~or withInstituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico the Geological, Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Peru (INGEMMET).

Mining concessions are irrevocable, provided the holder of a mining concession complies with the obligations set forth in the General Mining Law. Such concessions have an indefinite term, subject to payment of an annual concession fee per hectare granted and achievement of minimum annual production for each hectare. Failure to achieve annual production targets will result in a fine. Failure to pay concession fees or fines for two consecutive years in any mining concession could result in the ~~loss~~cancellation of such mining concession. Failure to satisfy minimum annual production thresholds for a specified period of time (currently thirty years beginning the year after the mining concessions were granted for mining concessions granted after October 10, 2008, and thirty years beginning on January 1, ~~2019~~2009 for mining concessions granted before October 10, 2008) could result in cancellation of the mining concessions.

Our and Yanacocha’s processing concessions enjoy the same duration and tenure as our mining concessions, subject to payment of a fee based on nominal capacity of the applicable processing plant. Failure to pay processing fees for two consecutive years could result in the ~~loss~~cancellation of the processing concessions.

Our mining rights and processing concessions are in full force and effect under applicable Peruvian laws. We believe ~~that~~ we are in compliance with all material terms and requirements applicable to the mining rights and processing concessions and that we are not subject to any condition, occurrence or event that would cause the revocation, cancellation, lapse, expiration or termination thereof, except that we may, from time to time, allow to lapse, revoke, cancel or terminate mining rights and processing concessions that are not material to the conduct of our business.

In addition to obtaining mining rights from the Peruvian government, applicable Peruvian regulations require us to obtain easements or other rights from private landowners that own the surface land above the mineral resources that we intend to explore or mine. Supreme Decree ~~020-2008-EM~~No. 042-2017-EM requires us to obtain such easements or other rights before commencing exploration activities. We have been actively seeking to acquire land surface rights, easements for land containing prospective geological exploration target sites, deposits that can be exploited in the future and areas suitable for plants or facility sites. Regarding processing concessions, Article 35 of Supreme Decree NºNo. 018-92-EM, as amended, requires holders of such concessions to own the land underlying the concession or to have the authorization of the owner of the land. We have been actively seeking to acquire land surface deposits that can be exploited in the future and areas suitable as plant or facility sites.

The possibility of developing mining activities in an urban area or urban expansion area is ~~directly~~ linked to the compatibility of such areas and ~~the~~ mining ~~activity.~~activities. The Law Regulating Mining Concessions in Urban Areas and Urban Expansion Areas and related regulations set forth procedures for the granting of mining rights in urban and urban expansion areas. To grant a mining concession in an urban area and an urban expansion area, MEM is required to receive the approval of the council of the applicable provincial municipality. The council has sixty days to issue its decision. Mining concessions in urban expansion areas are granted for 10-year terms, which may be renewed by MEM subject to the approval of municipal authorities, but cannot exceed 100 hectares.

Law No. 28964, which became effective on January 25, 2007, created theOrganismo Supervisor de la Inversión en Energía y Minería (“OSINERGMIN”) as the government agency in charge of regulating and auditing the electricity, hydrocarbon and mining activities of companies. Law No. 28964 provides that the overview and audit of activities related to the environment, mining safety and health regulations may be performed by companies duly certified and approved by OSINERGMIN. However, pursuant to Supreme Decree No. 001-2010-MINAM, OSINERGMIN transferred its environmental supervisory functions to the Environmental Evaluation and Oversight Agency (“OEFA”) ~~in 2010.~~. Beginning July 22, 2010, OEFA assumed the authority to carry out unexpected audits and levy fines on companies if they fail to comply with enforceable environmental regulations and approved environmental assessments. According to Supreme Decree No. 128-2013-PCM, mining companies are required to make monetary contributions to OSINERGMIN and, according to Supreme Decree No. 130-2013-PCM, monetary contributions are also required to be made to OEFA.

~~With respect to~~Regarding employee health and safety and employer liability in mining activities, Law ~~No.~~ 28964 has been amended and replaced by Law ~~No.~~ 29783. Such employee health and safety and employer liability and related matters are now audited by the Ministry of Labor and Employment~~Ministerio de Trabajo y Promoción del Empleo~~((““MINTRA”). Law ~~No.~~ 29783, as amended by Law ~~No.~~ 30222, establishes the minimum rules designed to prevent employee safety risks and allocate liabilities in relation to such risks. The main principle of this law is that the employer assumes the economic, legal and any other type of liability arising from accidents or diseases suffered by the employee while working and guarantees the employee’s health and safety in connection with the employee’s work. This legislation entitles labor inspectors to inspect commercial facilities and, under certain circumstances, suspend operations. By Supreme Decree ~~N° 009-2012—~~No. 003-2013—TR, MINTRA transferred its security supervisory, audit and sanctioning functions to theNational ~~Labor Audit Entity~~Superintendence of Labour Inspection (“SUNAFIL”). Such law amended the relevant provision of the criminal code, which currently establishes that a person who intentionally breaches the safety and health provisions, and who after being required by the relevant authority, does not adopt the measures contemplated in such provisions, is deemed to jeopardize the life, health or physical integrity of such person’s employees and may be held criminally liable for such behavior.

On July 28, 2016, Supreme Decree No. 024-2016-EM, as amended by Supreme Decree No. 029-2016-EM and Supreme Decree No. 023-2017-EM, relating to Occupational Health and Safety Regulations for Mining was published. These Regulations aim to prevent the occurrence of incidents, work-related accidents and occupational diseases, aiming to promote a culture of prevention of occupational hazards in mining activities. MEM through the General Directorate of Mining, is the competent authority on Occupational Health and Safety policy and regulation. In addition, SUNAFIL is the competent authority for the supervision and enforcement of compliance with legal and technical standards related to Occupational Safety and Health in Mining; while OSINERGMIN is the competent authority to supervise compliance of the legal and technical provisions related to the safety of infrastructure in mining.

Environmental Matters

In 2005, Peru enacted the General Environmental Law (Law No. 28611), which establishes the main environmental guidelines and principles applicable in Peru. Pursuant to the General Environmental Law, the Ministry of Environment (“MINAM”) issued national environmental regulations, which have gradually replaced prior guidelines governing governmental agencies environmental competencies. OEFA, as the environmental enforcement agency, has the authority to inspect mining operations and fine companies that fail to comply with prescribed environmental regulations and their approved environmental assessments.

~~Each~~In May 1993, the regulation for environmental protection under mining ~~company~~and metallurgical activities (reglamento para la proteccion ambiental en la actividad minero - metalúrgica), was published and approved by Supreme Decree No. 016-93-EM. This regulation established that every mining unit that began operations before May 1993 was required to file a Preliminary Environmental Assessment (“EVAP”) followed by a Program for ~~each of its mining units~~Environmental Adequacy and Management (“PAMA”). For new operations, an EIA had to ~~disclose any negative environmental impacts of its operations and, thereafter, to submit a follow-up Programa~~be submitted. In 2014, this regulation was repealed by Supreme Decree No. 040-2014-EM (reglamento de ~~Adecuació~~Protección y ~~Manejo~~Gestión Ambiental ~~(“PAMA”~~para las Actividades de Explotación, Beneficio, Labor General, Transporte y Almacenamiento Minero) ~~aimed at implementing measures~~which regulates mining production, processing, labor, transportation and storage and sets forth a new set of requirements for these activities. Going forward, social and technical teams from MEM will gather the baseline information to ~~solve problems identified~~regulate these activities. Early involvement by the regulatory authority in ~~the EVAP. Companies must correct the negative~~ environmental ~~impacts relating~~assessments processes is expected to their mining activities within five years, while smelters must take corrective measures within ten years. These companies must allocate funds in an amount corresponding to no less than 1% of their annual sales to redress the problems identified in their EVAPs and contemplated in their PAMAs.shorten approval times.

In ~~addition,~~1996, MEM ~~has~~also issued regulations that establish maximum permissible levels (“~~LMP”~~LMPs”) of (i) ~~emissions of~~ liquid effluents emissions and (ii) elements and compounds present in gaseous emissions resulting from ~~the~~ mining activities. ~~Generally, mining rights holders~~Mines and processing plants that were in operation before May 1993 were required to comply with ~~LMP~~LMPs within 10 ~~years. In~~years and in the meantime, ~~mining~~ operators ~~are~~were required to prepare Environmental Adaptation and Management Programs, or PAMAs, that set forth plans to ensure compliance with more stringent ~~LMP.~~LMPs. The first General Water Law was enacted in 1969. In 2008 and 2010, MINAM enacted new water quality standards and new ~~LMP~~LMPs for liquid ~~effluents. In~~effluents, and, in 2009, all Peruvian mining companies were required to submit updated environmental management plans ~~to MEM~~ that complied with water quality standards and new ~~LMP~~LMPs for liquid ~~effluents. At~~effluents to MEM. By the end of 2015, Supreme Decree No. 015-2015 - MINAM (the “2015 Decree”) was enacted, ~~which modified the~~modifying water quality standards and ~~established~~establishing supplementary provisions related to compliance. In 2017, Environmental Quality Standards (Estándares de Calidad Ambiental) (“ECAs”) for water were modified by Supreme Decree No. 004-2017-MINAM. Permissible maximum limits approved in 2010 are still valid.

In May 2008, the MINAM was ~~established~~created by Legislative Decree N°No. 1013. MINAM’s main functions include formulating and implementing policies and regulations ~~relating~~related to environmental matters and ~~controlling~~ pollution control, including ~~regulating~~regulation of air and water quality standards, through supervision and education.

In 2008 and 2010, MINAM enacted new water quality standards and new LMP for liquid effluents. In 2009, all Peruvian mining companies were required to submit updated environmental management plans to MEM that complied with water quality standards and new LMP for liquid effluents.

Under the 2015 Decree, mining companies must incorporate new water quality standards into affected environmental management plans by (1) where MEM has already approved such plan, submitting an updated plan or (2) where MEM is currently evaluating a plan, submitting a modified plan. The Company plans to submit updated and modified plans to MEM as required by the 2015 Decree.

Regarding soil quality, on March 26, 2013, Supreme Decree No. 002-2013-MINAM became effective. It approved the ~~Environmental Quality Standards (~~~~Estándares de Calidad Ambiental~~~~) (“ECA”)~~ECAs for soils, or “Standards,” which are applicable to any project or activity that may generate an environmental impact. Subsequently, on March 25, 2014, supplementary provisions for the application of the ~~Standards~~standards were approved through Supreme Decree No. 002-2014-MINAM. Projects operating at the time those regulations came into force were required to submit the first phase of soil characterization within twelve months of the passage of the decree. Buenaventura and its associated companies submitted this information within the required time.

In 2017, new ~~ECA~~ECAs for soils were approved by Supreme Decree No. ~~011-2017-2017,~~011-2017-MINAM, replacing the ~~ECA~~ECAs approved by Supreme Decree No. 002-2013-MINAM. The new ~~ECA~~ECAs are applicable to new environmental assessments that are required to carry out future mining activity in accordance with the mining regulations. With respect to the environmental assessments that were approved prior to the approval of the new ~~ECA,~~ECAs, Supreme Decree No. 002-2013-MINAM will remain applicable and the new ~~ECA~~ECAs will only be enforced when the approved environmental assessments need to be modified or updated. In 2017 Supreme Decree No. 012-2017-MINAM replaced Supreme Decree No. 002-2014-MINAM, approving new supplementary provisions for application of the new ~~ECA.~~ECAs. Buenaventura and its associated companies have taken into consideration all new environmental regulations when executing its mining activities.

~~Since May 1993, new mining and processing activities have been required to file and obtain approval for a Semi-detailed Environmental Assessment (~~~~Estudio de Impacto Ambiental~~) (“EIAsd”) before being authorized to commence operations. New mining and plant processing activities are required to comply with the LMP from the initiation of their operations. In 2009, MEM approved the EIAsd for the La Zanja, Mallay, Tantahuatay and Esperanza projects and in 2010, MEM approved the EIAsd for the Angélica Rublo Chico project. In 2011, MEM approved the EIAsd for the Orcopampa and Breampampa projects. MEM approved the modified EIAsd for the Mallay mine and the second modified EIAsd for the Shila cyanidation circuit in 2012. In 2014, MEM approved the modified EIAsd of Uchucchacua and in 2015, the EIAsd of Tambomayo was approved.

In 2012, Peru enacted Supreme Decree No. 020-2012-EM, which added Chapter XVII to the Mining Proceedings Regulations approved by Supreme Decree No. 018-92-EM. The new provisions require the approval of the General Mining Directorate of MEM or of the relevant regional government before proceeding to start and re-start exploration, development, preparation and exploitation. The authorizations to start and re-start mining activities may need to be pre-approved by MEM if the mining activities affect indigenous or native people.

In addition, in December 2017, a new regulation for Solid Waste Management was approved by Supreme Decree No. 014-2017-MINAM which brought into force the new Law for Integral Management of Solid Waste, approved by Legislative Decree No. 1278 in December 2016. This resulted in new regulations for all extractive ~~production~~productions and services in Peru, including mining, which prioritize the material and energy recovery of solid waste through different methods, including recycling, reuse and ~~co-generation.~~

co-generation

Regulations governing mining explorations. In May 2008, the Peruvian government enacted Supreme Decree 020-2008-EM, which governs mining exploration activities and related matters. At the end of 2017, this Supreme Decree was modified by a new regulation for exploration activities. Under Supreme Decree 042-2017-EM, exploration activities fall into two categories: Category I and Category II. Category I exploration activities are those involving no more than 40 drilling platforms or affecting a surrounding area measuring less than 10 hectares in size, while Category II exploration activities are those involving between 40 and 700 drilling platforms and affecting an area measuring greater than 10 hectares. For Category I exploration activities, an Environmental Impact Statement (Declaración de Impacto Ambiental) (“DIA”) is required. For Category II exploration activities, an EIAsd that incorporates technical, environmental and social matters is required. In addition, the new regulation requires an Environmental Technical Report (Ficha Técnica Ambiental) (“FTA”), which is a complementary environmental assessment for exploration activities that do not have significant negative impacts. Exploration activities must start within twelve months following the date that the DIA or EIAsd is approved. The DIA, the EIAsd and the FTA, as applicable, must be approved before exploration activities begin. Any commitments assumed by mining companies in a DIA, EIAsd or FTA are mandatory and, if they are not fulfilled, OEFA has the authority to fine non-compliant mining companies. The regulation also provides that the holder of mining concessions will perform specified closure and post closure activities during exploration programs. In addition, fines can be imposed if exploration programs begin before the DIA, the EIAsd and the FTA are approved, and the approval of environmental assessments for exploration activities performed within protected natural areas requires the approval of the competent authority. Exploration in Prehispanic Archeological Sites (referred to in Supreme Decree N°No 004-2000-ED) is forbidden unless expressly authorized by the Ministry of Culture.

In May 2008, MEM also enacted Supreme Decree N°No 028-2008-EM, which regulates the citizen participation process within the framework of environmental permit approval. The DIA and EIAsd provide local communities with an opportunity to engage actively in this process.

The following DIAs and EIAsd were approved in ~~2017:~~2019:

Buenaventura
Mine/Project	Type of Study	Approving Resolution	Date of Approval
~~Yumpag/Carama~~Yumpaq	EIAsd 2^ndModification	~~111-2017-MEM-DGAAM~~	~~04.11.17~~
~~Gaby~~	~~ITS~~	~~026-2017-MEM/~~232-2019-MINEM/DGAAM	~~09.13.17~~December 26, 2019
Trapiche	~~DIA~~EIAsd 5^thModification	~~316-2017-MEM/~~148-2019-MINEM/DGAAM
~~Mayra~~	~~EIAsd~~		~~11.10.17~~August 26, 2019

~~La Zania SRL~~

~~Mine/Project~~

~~Type of Study~~

~~Approving Resolution~~

~~Date of Approval~~

~~La Zanja~~

2^nd ~~ITS of 9~~^th

~~MEIAsd~~

~~348-2017-MEM-/DGAAM~~

~~06.26.17~~

~~Coimolache~~
~~Mine/Project~~	~~Type of Study~~	~~Approving Resolution~~	~~Date of Approval~~
~~Tantahuatay~~	1^st ~~ITS of EIAsd~~	~~008-2017-MEM/DGAAM~~	~~01.10.17~~

In 2017, a new regulation for mining exploration activities was enacted, modifying various provisions and introducing new provisions. This regulation was approved by Supreme Decree No. 042-2017-EM, however, it is not yet effective because the Technical Form and Terms of Reference have not been approved. When the regulation enters into force, Category I exploration activities will be required to have no more than 40 drilling platforms, and Category II exploration activities will be required to have between 40 and 700 drilling platforms.

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Investment Promotion Regulations.Supreme Decree 054-2013-PCM was passed to promote investment projects. It allows companies to submit a supporting technical report, ITS (Informe Técnico Sustentatorio), to modify ancillary components, capacity expansions, or introduce technological improvements in exploration and exploitation activities. SENACE (EIAd) and MEM (DIA and EIAsd) will then issue a compliance waiver within no more than 15 working days from the date of submission. This should facilitate the approval of environmental assessments for our new exploration projects and simplify the issuance of certificates of non-existence of archeological remains required for mining projects. In 2019, 25 ITSs were approved.

Regulations governing mine closures. In 2003, Law No. 28090,Ley que Regula el Cierre de Minas (Law that Regulates the Closing of Mines), established the obligations and procedures that mining companies must follow to prepare, submit and execute plans for the closing of mines, or “Closure Plans,” and the granting of financial environmental guarantees to secure compliance with Closure Plans. We are required to submit a Closure Plan for new projects to MEM within one year following approval of an EIA or PAMA; and inform MEM semi-annually of any progress on the conditions established in the Closure Plan. We are also required to perform the Closure Plan consistent with the schedule approved by MEM during the life of the project; and set up a financial environmental guarantee that covers the estimated amount of the Closure Plan.

In addition, Supreme Decree No. 020-2008-EM requires mining companies that perform exploration activities to conduct certain closing activities in accordance with the approved environmental assessment, subject to deferral under certain circumstances, and contemplates a Closure Plan to be submitted by the mining company following the terms and conditions of Supreme Decree Nº 033-2005-EM. Supreme Decree Nº 036-2016-EM modified articles 12 and 17 and included articles 46-A y 66-A of the Supreme Decree Nº 033-2005-EM.

~~Our~~In 2017, our Closure Plans were approved by MEM for all of our mines and advanced explorations.

The following mine closure plan modifications were approved in ~~2017:~~2019:

Buenaventura
Mine/Project	Type of Study	Approving Resolution		Date of Approval
San Gabriel	Closure Plan	081-2019-MEM-DGAAM	Mayo 30, 2019
Tambomayo	Closure Plan 1^stModification	140-2019/MINEM-DGAAM		August 8, 2019
Julcani	~~6th Modification of the Mine~~ Closure Plan 2^ndUpdate	~~325-2017-MEM-DGAAM~~226-2019-/MINEM-DGAAN		~~11.15.17~~December 20, 2019
Mallay	~~5th Modification of the Mine~~ Closure Plan 2^ndUpdate	~~356-2017-MEM-DGAAM~~067-2019/MEM-DGAAM		~~12.19.17~~Mayo 14, 2019
~~Uchucchacua~~Pozo Rico	Closure Plan 1^stModification	199-2019/MINEM-DGAAM	November 15, 2019

Subsidiaries
Mine/Project	~~2nd Update~~Type of ~~the Mine Closure Plan~~Study	~~142-2017-MEM-DGAAM~~Approving Resolution	~~05.11.17~~Date of Approval
~~Orcopampa~~La Zanja	~~2nd Update of the Mine~~ Closure Plan 2^ndUpdate	~~338-2017-MEM/DGAAM~~071-2019-MEM-DGAAM	~~11.28.17~~May 17, 2019
Colquijirca	Closure Plan 2^ndUpdate	077-2019/MEM-DGAAM	May 23, 2019

On November 9, 2009 Supreme Decree No. 078-2009-EM became effective, creating additional environmental obligations for mining concessions holders. Under this provision, mining concessions holders that performed mining activities, including mining exploration, production and processing activities or related activities, without having an environmental certification are required to prepare and perform an environmental remediation plan to address the environmental impact in the areas in which such activities have been conducted. Environmental remediation plans can only be filed once mining activities have ceased and contain a detailed description of all mining facilities and activities performed without the correspondent environmental certification, including maps and related information, a detailed description of the environmental impacts created by such activities, a detailed description of the remediation actions, a detailed description of the compensation that is proposed to be made, a budget and schedule of the remediation activities, including their costs, and a bond in favor of MEM for the cost of the execution of the measures contained in the environmental remediation plan. Once the environmental remediation plan is completed, mining concessions holders are required to inform the auditing entity so it can verify that the actions were carried out as approved. The auditing entity is required to send the respective report to the relevant authority so that the bond may be returned.

Law No. 28271, Law that Regulates the Environmental Liabilities of Mining Activities (Ley que Regula los Pasivos Ambientales de la Actividad Minera), came into force on July 7, 2004 and serves to regulate the identification of environmental liabilities and financial responsibility for remediation in mining activities, in each case to mitigate any negative impact mining may have with respect to the health of the population, environment and property. Pursuant to Law No. 28271, as amended by Law No. 28526 and Legislative Decree No. 1042, MEM’s technical branch will identify environmental liabilities, mining companies responsible for abandoned mining facilities, mining works and residue deposits that may be linked to such environmental liabilities and holders of inactive mining concessions with mining liabilities. Holders of inactive mining concessions with environmental mining liabilities will be required to submit a Closure Plan and enter into environmental remediation agreements with MEM to perform any studies and work necessary to control and mitigate the risk and effects of any contamination. Regulations under Law No. 28271, Regulations of Environmental Liabilities of Mining Activities (Reglamento de Pasivos Ambientales de la Actividad Minera), were approved by Supreme Decree No. 059-2005-EM. and then modified by Supreme Decree No. 003-2009-EM.

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We have presented Closure Plans to MEM for all our mining concessions with environmental mining liabilities. To date, the Hualchocopa, Lircay, Bella Unión-Paucaray, Chaquelle Ayacucho and ~~Chaquelle~~Rifle Rumimaqui mining units have all been closed and post-closure activities at each of these units are currently underway.

On November 12, 2014, a new regulation for the Environmental Protection and Management by-law was enacted (Supreme Decree 040-4014-EM), which covers mining production, processing, common labor, transport and storage, which sets forth a new set of requirements for these activities. Going forward, social and technical teams from MEM will conduct the gathering of baseline information. Early involvement of the statutory authority throughout the environmental assessments process is expected to bring about shorter approval times.

On December 28, 2015, theServicio Nacional de Certificación Ambiental(“SENACE”), which operates under the auspices of MINAM, took responsibility for the assessment and approval of detailed ~~EIA~~EIAs submitted by private, public, or mixed-capital organizations. This development is consistent with the expansion of MINAM’s technical and regulatory capacities. In 2019 EIAs for Yumpaq and Trapiche were prepared under SENACE supervision.

Finally, the Enviromental Baseline Elaboration Guidelines

(Guía para la elaboración de la Línea Base en el marco del Sistema Nacional de Evaluación del Impacto Ambiental– SEIA) and Identification and Characterization of Environmental Impacts Guidelines (Guía para la Identificación y Caracterización de Impactos) were approved by Ministerial Resolution N0. 036-2018-MINAM in 2018.

We anticipate additional laws and regulations relating to environmental matters will be enacted over time. The development of more stringent environmental regulations in Peru could impose additional constraints and additional costs on our operations that would require us to make significant additional capital expenditures in the future. Although we believe that we are substantially in compliance with all applicable environmental regulations of which we are now aware, there is no assurance that future legislation or regulatory developments will not have an adverse effect on our business or results of operations.

In connection to the approval of environmental assessments, the Peruvian government has issued several decrees intended to simplify the issuance of permits, including Supreme Decree No. 054-2013-PCM (effective since June 2, 2013), Supreme Decree No. 060-2013-PCM (effective since May 26, 2013) and Ministerial Resolution No. 092-2014-MEM/DM (effective since May 27, 2014). We believe these provisions should facilitate the approval of environmental assessments for our new exploration projects and simplify the issuance of certificates of non-existence of archeological remains required for mining projects.

Prior Consultation with Local Indigenous Communities

In 2011, Peru enacted Law No. 29785, the Law of Prior Consultation for Indigenous and Native Communities (Ley del Derecho a la Consulta Previa a los Pueblos Indígenas y Originarios– ILO 169 Convention). This law establishes a prior consultation procedure that the Peruvian government must undertake in concert with local indigenous communities whose collective rights may be directly affected by new legislative or administrative measures. Under this law, the Peruvian governmental agency responsible for issuing or approving the administrative measure or decree in question, rather than the affected local indigenous community, retains the right to approve or reject the relevant legislative or administrative matter following such consultation. However, to the extent that any of our future projects require the promulgation of legislative or administrative measures that impact collective rights of local indigenous communities, the required prior consultation procedure may result in delays, additional expenses or failure to obtain approval for such new project.

Regulations under Law No. 29785 were approved by Supreme Decree No. 001-2012-MC, which became effective on April 2, 2012. These regulations specify the form and circumstances of the required consultation and the manner in which agreements will be formalized, and provide for a consultation process that lasts no more than 120 calendar days. In 2019, Ministerial Resolution No. 304-2019-MINEM/DM was issued, establishing the administrative procedures from the Mining Sector that require prior consultation - in case those procedures affect indigenous communities - which are: (i) processing concession; (ii) authorization to initiate or re-initiate exploration, development or exploitation activities; (iii) mineral transport; and (iv) mining labor.

Permits

We believe that our mines and facilities have all necessary material permits to operate. All future exploration projects will require a variety of permits. Although we believe the permits for these projects can be obtained in a timely fashion, permitting procedures are complex, time-consuming and subject to potential regulatory delay. We cannot predict whether we will be able to renew our existing permits or whether material changes in existing permitting conditions will be imposed. Non-renewal of existing permits or the imposition of additional permitting conditions could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

Insurance

We maintain a comprehensive insurance program designed to address specific risks associated with our operations, in addition to covering the insured risks common to major mining companies. Our insurance program is provided through the local Peruvian insurance market and includes employers’ liability, comprehensive third-party general liability and comprehensive automobile liability, all risk property on a replacement basis, including transit risks, as well as business interruption insurance and mining equipment insurance.

Mining Royalties and Taxes

Under Peruvian law, holders of mining concessions are required to pay the Peruvian government a mining royalty (regalia minera) for the exploitation of metallic and non-metallic resources. In accordance with Law No. 28258, as amended by Law No. 29788, mining royalties are payable either as a specified percentage of operating profit or 1% of revenues, whichever is higher. If the mining royalty is calculated as a percentage of operating profit, marginal rates ranging from 1% to 12% that increase progressively for companies with higher operating margins will apply. Percentages for the distribution of proceeds from mining royalties were amended by Law No. 28323.

Mining companies that are a party to mining stabilization agreements will not be required to pay a mining royalty during the tenure of their stabilization agreements. Although we are not party to any stabilization agreements, Yanacocha currently has effective stabilization agreements for the Yanacocha, La Quinua and Maqui Maqui mines.

In addition to mining royalties, pursuant to Law No. 29789, effective from October 1, 2011, mining operations in Peru are subject to an extraordinary mining tax. Mining companies that do not have taxation stability agreements with the Peruvian government, such as Buenaventura, will pay the “Special Mining Tax” (Impuesto Especial a la Minería). The Special Mining Tax is calculated each quarter as a percentage of operating profit. Marginal rates ranging from 2% to 8.4% that increase progressively for companies with higher operating margins will apply. Mining companies that have stability agreements with the Peruvian government will pay the “Special Mining Duty” (Gravamen Especial a la Minería) created by Law No. 29790. The Special Mining Duty is calculated as a percentage of operating profit, with marginal rates ranging from 4% to 13.12% that increase progressively for companies with higher operating margins.

Safety

During ~~2017,~~2019, we experienced 89442 reportable injuries, ~~which comprised 84 lost-time injuries and five~~including two fatal injuries, as compared to ~~67 total reportable injuries during 2016, which comprised 64 lost-time injuries and~~ three fatal ~~injuries.~~injuries in 2018. Under Peruvian legislation, reportable injuries include: accidental injuries resulting in lost-time, fatal accidents, accidents that require medical treatment or result in a loss of consciousness, an inability to perform all job duties on any workday after the injury or the temporary assignment or transfer to another job. Injuries involving first-aid only are not reportable as they are considered minor accidents. Starting in 2017, we increased rows on classifications for lost time injuries and external non-mining projects (public roads, health and education facilities constructions) all of which were reported to the Bureau of Labor.

The table below shows Accident Rates based on the number of fatal and lost time accidents (Frequency) and days lost (Severity). The table shows a decreasing trend for Accident Rates between 2018 (1.90) and 2019 (1.61).

Organizational Structure

As of March 31, ~~2018,~~2020, we conducted our mining operations, explorations projects and other activities directly and through various majority-owned subsidiaries, controlled companies and other associate companies as described in the following organizational chart:

Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A . Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A. Contacto Corredores de Seguros S.A. Compañía Minera Colquirrumi S.A. Buenaventura Ingenieros S.A. Apu Coropuna S.R.L. Minera Julcani S.A. de C.V. Procesadora Industrial Rio Seco S.A. Compañía Minera Condesa S.A. El Molle Verde S.A.C. Soc. Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A. Ferrovías Central Andino S.A. Minera La Zanja S.R.L. S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca Compañía Minera Nueva Italia S.A. Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. Inversiones Colquijirca S.A. Sociedad Minera El Brocal S.A.A. Consorcio Energético de Huancavelica S.A. Empresa de Generación Huanza S.A. Cia de Minas Cerro Hablador S.A.C. 40.10% 100.00% 100.00% 99.98% 70.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 19.58% 10.00% 53.06% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 2 0.00% 40.00% 40.78% 52.30% 45.95% 4.45% 58.25% 3.18% 95.55%

	†	All entities in this chart, with the exception of Minera Julcani S.A. de C.V. (which is organized in Mexico), Compañía de Minas Buenaventura Chile Ltda. (which is organized in Chile) ~~and~~, BISA Argentina S.A.( which is organized in Argentina) and Tinka Resources Limited (which is organized in ~~Argentina),~~Canada) are incorporated in Peru.

Compañía Minera Condesa S.A. holds 21,160,260 ~~common shares~~Common Shares of Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A., or approximately ~~7.70%~~7.69% of our total ~~common shares.~~Common Shares.

Intermediate Holding Companies, Subsidiaries and Equity Participations

Compañía Minera Condesa S.A.

Compañía Minera Condesa S.A., or “Condesa,” our wholly-owned subsidiary, is a mining and facilities holding company with both direct and indirect ownership participation in Yanacocha. As a partner in Yanacocha, Condesa shares responsibility for the investments made in the Yanacocha mine. In addition, Condesa holds an equity interest in S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca (“Chaupiloma”) and, as a result, receives a portion of the royalty revenues paid by Yanacocha to Chaupiloma in an amount equal to its ownership interest. Condesa also holds a 7.70% interest in Buenaventura.

S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca

Chaupiloma is a Peruvian limited liability company that holds all of the mining rights for the areas mined by Yanacocha. Chaupiloma receives a royalty that is calculated as a percentage of the total revenues of Yanacocha. We own, directly and indirectly, through our interest in Condesa, a 60% interest in Chaupiloma. Newmont Peru owns the remaining 40% equity ~~interest.~~interest

Consorcio Energético Huancavelica S.A. / Empresa de Generación Huanza S.A.

Consorcio Energético Huancavelica S.A., or “Conenhua,” is an electrical transmission company that provides ~~a significant portion of~~electricity to our ~~electrical needs~~operations through its transmission facilities. We own 100% of Conenhua and manage its operations. Conenhua obtained its concession for power transmission in the Huancavelica area in 1983 and subsequently obtained concessions in the Cajamarca and Arequipa regions, which enabled us to transmit electric power to certain of our mining units and affiliates, as well as to other mining companies and municipalities in the area, through our own facilities.

To secure a reliable energy supply from a clean and renewable source for our direct operations and projects at competitive prices, Conenhua, through its subsidiary Empresa de Generación Huanza S.A., or “Huanza,” was commissioned to construct a 90.6 megawatt capacity hydroelectric power plant in the valley of Santa Eulalia. This hydroelectrical plant began operating at full capacity in June 2014.

~~Buenaventura Ingenieros S.A.~~

Buenaventura Ingenieros S.A., or “BISA,” one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, has provided geological, engineering, design and construction consulting services to the mining sector for over 30 years. During this time, BISA has consulted in Peru, Chile, Argentina, Mexico and Ecuador on a range of projects, operations and expansions.

Contacto Corredores de Seguros S.A.

During 2015, Buenaventura paid US$8.8 million to ~~BISA~~Buenaventura Ingenieros S.A. in order to obtain 99.98% ownership of Contacto Corredores de Seguros S.A., an insurance brokerage company that provides insurance brokerage and related services to us and our affiliates.

Minera Julcani S.A. de C.V.

Minera Julcani S.A. de C.V. is one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries and was created for the purpose of conducting mining activities in Mexico. Minera Julcani S.A. de C.V. has had no exploration activities since 2014, when the exploration agreement with Surutato Mining, S.A. de C.V., to conduct exploration activities within its property located in Sinaloa, Mexico, was terminated.

Inversiones Colquijirca S.A. / Sociedad Minera El Brocal S.A.A.

El Brocal owns the Colquijirca and Marcapunta Norte mines and the San Gregorio exploration project. El Brocal was formed in 1956 and is engaged in the extraction, concentration and sale of concentrates of polymetallic minerals, mainly copper, zinc, lead and silver. Currently, we own 61.43% of El Brocal through both direct and indirect ownership ~~interests~~.interests.

Minera La Zanja S.R.L.

La Zanja is located 35 kilometers northwest of the city of Cajamarca. La Zanja, which is currently 53.06% owned by us, began operations in September 2010 as an open-pit mine producing gold and silver.

Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A.

Coimolache is a mining company that owns the Tantahuatay mine which is located in the province and district of Hualgayoc in the Cajamarca region, which is 35 kilometers northwest of the Yanacocha mine. We hold a 40.10% interest and operate this mine, which commenced operations in mid-2011 as an open-pit mine producing gold and silver.

~~Ferrovías~~Ferrocarril Central Andino ~~S.A.~~S.A

We hold 10% of ~~Ferrovías~~Ferrocarril Central Andino ~~S.A. (“Ferrovías”),~~S.A, a railroad company, pursuant to a concession granted to a consortium of several companies in April 2000. Ferrovías provides transportation for concentrates from El Brocal’s mining operations.

Apu Coropuna S.R.L.

Buenaventura currently owns 70% of Apu Coropuna S.R.L., with the other 30% owned by Southern Peru Copper Corporation. Apu Coropuna S.A. was created for the purpose of conducting exploration within properties situated in Castilla, Arequipa.

Procesadora Industrial Rio Seco S.A.

Procesadora Industrial Rio Seco S.A. is our wholly-owned subsidiary that owns and operates a monohydrate manganese sulphate crystallization plant situated in Huaral, Lima. This processing plant allows mining from areas with high silver and manganese content within the Uchucchacua mine, improving silver recovery. The Rio Seco Plant produces high purity manganese sulphate that is used in agriculture and the mining industry.

El Molle Verde S.A.C.

El Molle Verde S.A.C. is our wholly-owned subsidiary that develops the Trapiche project, located in the Apurimac region. See “—B. Business Overview—Exploration Projects in Non-Operating Areas” above for further information about this project.

Tinka Resources Limited

Buenaventura holds 19.3% of Tinka Resources Limited, an exploration and development company that owns (36%) of the Ayawilca Project, located at Daniel Alcides Carrión, Pasco.

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YANACOCHA

History and Development of ~~the Company~~Yanacocha

Yanacocha was incorporated in Peru on January 14, 1992 and commenced operations in 1993. Yanacocha is currently engaged in the production, exploration and development of gold under the mining concessions it owns or that are owned by Chaupiloma. Future projects could include the production, exploration and development of ~~copper.~~copper as well.

Yanacocha is located approximately 375 miles (604 kilometers) north of Lima and 30 miles (48 kilometers) north of the city of Cajamarca and is primarily accessible by paved roads. The Yanacocha property began production in 1993 and consists of the following open pit mines: the La Quinua Complex, the Yanacocha Complex, the Carachugo Complex and Maqui Maqui. In addition, Yanacocha has four leach pads (La Quinua, Yanacocha, Carachugo and Maqui Maqui), three gold processing plants (Pampa Larga, Yanacocha Norte and La Quinua), one limestone processing facility (China Linda) and one mill (Yanacocha Gold Mill).

In ~~2017,~~2019, Yanacocha produced ~~534,692~~527,336 ounces of gold, compared to ~~654,934~~514,564 ounces of gold produced in ~~2016.~~2018. Gold ~~production decreased 18%~~ounces produced increased 25% due primarily ~~due~~ to ~~lower mill grade,~~higher recovery ~~and throughput as well as lower leach tons placed, partially due to the Yanacocha mine nearing the end of its current mining operations.~~from La Quinua heap leach.

Yanacocha is ~~54.05%~~51.35% owned by Newmont ~~Peru. The remaining 45.95%~~Second Capital Corporation. A 43.65% interest in Yanacocha is indirectly held by ~~Buenaventura.~~Buenaventura and the remaining 5% is held by Summit Global Management II VB, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sumitomo Corporation. Although Yanacocha has no fixed dividend policy, there is an understanding among the partners that the net income not required for sustaining capital expenditures or future development projects should be distributed following approval by the two major shareholders of Yanacocha.

On December ~~22,~~21, 2017, Yanacocha repurchased 63,922,565 of its shares owned by International Finance Corporation (“IFC”) for US$47.9 million, which represented 5% of the capital stock of Yanacocha. On February 19, 2018, the Yanacocha partners approved the reduction of 63,922,565 of the common partnership interests. On June 14, 2018, Yanacocha’s partners approved the issue and sale of 63,922,565 partnership units to Summit Global Management II BV.

Business Overview

Description of Yanacocha’s Operations

Yanacocha’s mining activities encompass 301,000 acres (121,810 hectares) that are covered by 185 mining concessions. Yanacocha holds the mining rights related to 96,338 acres (38,987 hectares), covered by 73 concessions. Chaupiloma holds the mining rights to the remaining acres and concessions and has assigned these mining concessions to Yanacocha. Each concession has an initial term of 17 to 30 years, which are renewable at Yanacocha’s request for an additional 17 to 20 year term.

Yanacocha ~~is located near Cajamarca, Peru, and currently operates the following open pit mines: Chaquicocha,~~has three processing concessions from Peru’s MEM for its processing facilities: Cerro Yanacocha (La Quinua and Yanacocha leach pads, La Quinua ~~Complex (La Quinua, El Tapado~~ and ~~El Tapado Oeste)~~Yanacocha Norte gold recovery plants and Yanacocha Gold Mill), ~~Western Oxide pits (La Quinua Sur~~Yanacocha (Carachugo and ~~Cerro Negro Oeste), Eastern Oxide pits (Quecher Norte) and Carachugo Alto. Mining activities in~~ Maqui Maqui ~~Marleny and Cerro Negro Este ceased in 2016. Yanacocha has four~~ leach pads ~~three~~and Pampa Larga gold recovery plant) and China Linda (non-metallic processing ~~facilities, one limestone processing facility (China Linda) and one mill.~~

concessions). Yanacocha’s gold processing plants are located adjacent to the solution storage ponds and are used to process gold-bearing solutions from Yanacocha’s leach pads through a network of solution-pumping facilities. The Yanacocha Gold Mill processes high-grade gold ore to produce a gold-bearing solution for treatment at the La Quinua processing plant. The Yanacocha Gold Mill processes between 5.5 and 6.0 million tons per year.

Yanacocha’s gold processing plants are located adjacent to the solution storage ponds and are used to process gold-bearing solutions from Yanacocha’s leach pads through a network of solution-pumping facilities and the Yanacocha Gold Mill processes high-grade gold ore to produce a gold-bearing solution for treatment at the La Quinua processing plant, followed by ~~Merrill-Crowe~~Merrill - Crowe zinc precipitation and smelting where a final ~~dore~~doré product is poured. The ~~dore~~ore is then shipped offsite for refining and is sold on the international gold ~~market. The Yanacocha Gold Mill commenced operations in March 2008 and it processes between 5.5 and 6.0 million tons per year.~~markets.

Yanacocha and Chaupiloma each have mining concessions granted by ~~INGEMMET, which~~Peru’s Geological, Mining and Metallurgical Institute. Mining concessions grant Yanacocha an exclusive and irrevocable right to carry out exploration and exploitation activities within a specified area. In order to maintain ~~such mining~~these concessions, Yanacocha must (i) obtain the appropriate permits and rights over the surface lands, (ii) pay annual license fees and (iii) comply with a minimum annual production obligation. For mining concessions granted prior to 2008, concessions will expire if the production obligations are not met by the end of ~~2028.~~2038. Mining concessions granted inon or after 2008 ~~or later~~ will expire if minimum production is not attained ~~within twenty years from the date of such granting.~~by 2038.

In Peru, a revised royalty and special mining tax was introduced in October 2011. This tax is dependent on whether or not a stabilization agreement is in effect and is based on a sliding scale, ofbetween 1% toand 12%. A stabilization agreement ~~is currently~~was in effect through December 2018 for operations in the La Quinua Complex.

Quecher Main Project

This project ~~will~~is expected to add oxide production at Yanacocha, ~~leveraging~~leverage existing infrastructure and ~~enabling~~enable potential future growth at Yanacocha. First production ~~is expected~~was achieved in ~~early 2019 with~~late 2018 and commercial production ~~expected in the fourth quarter of~~started on October 2019. The Quecher Main extends the life of the Yanacocha operation to 2027 with an average annual gold production of ~~approximately~~about 200,000 ounces unaudited per year (on a consolidated basis) between 2020 and 2025. Development capital costs (excluding capitalized interest) since ~~obtaining~~ approval were US$12193 million ~~all of which were incurred during~~(US$96.8 million for the ~~fourth quarter of 2017.~~year 2019).

Conga Project

The Conga project consists of two gold-copper porphyry deposits located northeast of the Yanacocha operating area in the provinces of Celendin, Cajamarca and Hualgayoc. There is no exploration and/or development of new reserves as the project’s development and reserve balances reported in 2014 were reclassified to mineralized material in 2015.

Environmental Matters

In ~~early~~ 2015, ~~MINAM,~~ the Peruvian government agency responsible for certain environmental regulations, the MINAM, issued ~~proposed~~ water quality criteria and standards for designated beneficial uses which apply to mining companies, including Yanacocha. These criteria ~~would~~ modify the in-stream water quality criteria pursuant to which Yanacocha has been designing water treatment processes and infrastructure. In ~~December 2015, MINAM issued the final regulation that modified the water quality standards. In~~ response in February 2017, Yanacocha submitted ~~to the Ministry of Energy and Mines (“MINEM”)~~ its proposed modification to the previously approved ~~EIA~~Environmental Impact Assessment to the MEM, which remained under review in ~~February 2017, which~~2019 and evaluation is ~~still under review.~~expected in 2020. After approval, ~~MINEM~~MEM may allow up to three years to develop and implement the modifications to the water management system. In the event Yanacocha is unsuccessful in implementing the modifications in compliance with the new regulations and deadlines, it could result in fines and penalties relating to potential intermittent non-compliant exceedances. In addition, if accepted, the treatment ~~modifications will~~options may result in increased costs. These impacts may adversely ~~affect~~impact the future cost and financial performance of our operations in Peru.

~~OEFA~~The Peruvian government agency responsible for environmental evaluation and inspection, Organismo Evaluacion y Fiscalizacion Ambiental (“OEFA”), conducts periodic reviews of the Yanacocha site. In 2011 ~~2012, 2013, 2015, 2016 and 2017,~~to 2019, OEFA issued notices of alleged violations of OEFA standards to Yanacocha and Conga relating to past inspections. OEFA has resolved some alleged violations with minimal or no findings. In 2015 and 2016, the water authority of Cajamarca issued notices of alleged regulatory violations, and resolved some allegations in 2017 with no findings. ~~Past experiences~~The experience with OEFA and the water authority ~~have shown~~is that in the case of a finding of violation, remedial action is often the outcome rather than a significant fine. The alleged OEFA violations currently range from zero to ~~11,310~~17,642 units and the water authority alleged violations range from zero to ~~10,054~~10 units, with each unit having a potential fine equivalent to approximately ~~$.001224~~1,260 dollars based on current exchange rates ($with a total potential fine amount for outstanding matters of (US$0 to ~~$26)~~US$22,200). Yanacocha and Conga are responding to all notices of alleged violations, but cannot reasonably predict the outcome of the agency allegations.

In ~~December~~ 2016 ~~Yanacocha completed a comprehensive study of its long-term mining and closure plans~~ as part of the requirement to submit an updated closure plan to Peruvian regulators every five years. ~~There were minimal changes~~As a result, the Company recorded increases to the ~~updated~~reclamation obligation at Yanacocha in connection with an update to the Yanacocha closure plan, resulting in ~~2017 prior~~an increase to ~~submitting~~the recorded asset retirement cost related to ~~Peruvian regulators~~the producing areas of the mine and a non-cash charge to reclamation expense related to the areas of the mine no longer in ~~September 2017.~~production. The ~~regulators completed their review~~increase to the reclamation obligation was primarily due to higher estimated long-term water management costs, heap leach earthworks and ~~approved the updated closure plan in November 2017.~~related support activities.

In addition, Yanacocha is involved in several matters concerning environmental obligations associated with former mining activities. Generally, these matters concern developing and implementing remediation plans at the various sites involved. Yanacocha believes that the related environmental obligations associated with these sites are similar in nature with respect to the development of remediation plans, their risk profile and the compliance required to meet general environmental standards.

Conga Project Constitutional ~~Claim~~Claim.. On October 18, 2012, Marco Antonio Arana Zegarra filed a constitutional claim against ~~MINEM~~the MEM and Yanacocha requesting the Court to order the suspension of the Conga project ~~and~~as well as to declare the directorial resolution dated October 27, 2010 ~~directorial resolution approving~~which approved the Conga project ~~EIA~~Environmental Impact Assessment (“EIA”) not applicable. On October 23, 2012, a Cajamarca judge dismissed the claims based on formal grounds finding ~~that,~~that: (i) plaintiffs had not exhausted previous administrative ~~proceedings,~~proceedings; (ii) the directorial resolution approving the Conga ~~project~~ EIA is valid, and was not challenged when issued in the administrative ~~proceedings,~~proceedings; (iii) there was inadequate evidence to conclude that the Conga project is a threat to the constitutional right of living in an adequate environment ~~and~~and; (iv) the directorial resolution approving the Conga project EIA does not guarantee that the Conga project will proceed, so there was no imminent threat to be addressed by the Court. The plaintiffs appealed the dismissal of the case. The Civil Court of the Superior Court of Cajamarca confirmed the above mentioned resolution and the plaintiff presented an appeal. On March 13, 2015, the Constitutional Court published its ruling stating that the case should be sent back to the first court with an order to formally admit the case and start the judicial process in order to review the claim and the ~~proof~~evidence presented by the plaintiff. Yanacocha has answered the claim. Neither the Company nor Yanacocha can reasonably predict the outcome of this litigation.¹

Yanacocha Tax Dispute. In 2000, Yanacocha paid Buenaventura and Minas Conga S.R.L. a total of US$29 million to assume their respective contractual positions in mining concession agreements with Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca S.M.R.L. The contractual rights allowed Yanacocha the opportunity to conduct exploration on the concessions, but not toa purchase of the concessions. The tax authority alleges that the payments to Buenaventura and Minas Conga S.R.L. were acquisitions of mining concessions requiring the amortization of the amounts under the Peru Mining Law over the life of the mine. Yanacocha expensed the amounts at issue in the initial year since the payments were not for the acquisition of a concession but rather these expenses represent the payment of an intangible and ~~are~~ therefore, amortizable in a single year or proportionally for up to ten years according to Income Tax Law. In 2010, the tax court in Peru ruled in favor of Yanacocha and the tax authority appealed the issue to the judiciary. The first appellate court confirmed the ruling of the tax court in favor of Yanacocha. However, in November, 2015, a Superior Court in Peru made an appellate decision overturning the two prior findings in favor of Yanacocha. Yanacocha has appealed the Superior Court ruling to the Peru Supreme Court. On January 18, 2019, the Peru Supreme Court issued notice that three judges support the position of the tax authority and two judges support the position of Yanacocha. Because four votes are required for a final decision, an additional judge was selected to issue a decision and the parties conducted oral arguments in April 2019. In early February 2020, the additional judge ruled in favor of the tax authority, finalizing a decision of the Peru Supreme Court against Yanacocha. See note 24 to the Yanacocha consolidated financial statements. Yanacocha will file an appeal in respect of the fines and interest associated with the underlying decision of the Peru Supreme Court. The potential outstanding liability in this matter ~~is in the form of fines and interest in an amount~~amounts up to US$7561 million. ~~While Yanacocha has assessed that the likelihood of a ruling against us in the Supreme Court is remote, it~~It is not possible to fully predict the outcome of this litigation.

By-Laws of Yanacocha

Yanacocha is governed by the Peruvian Companies Law and theestatutos (the combined articles of incorporation and by-laws) of Yanacocha, or the “Yanacocha By-Laws.”

Control Over Major Corporate Events

Pursuant to the Peruvian Companies Law and the Yanacocha By-Laws (including applicable quorum requirements), without the affirmative vote of the partners of Yanacocha representing at least 51% of the voting shares, none of the following may occur:

·●

an increase or decrease in Yanacocha’s capital;

·●

the issuance of any debentures;

·●

any sale of an asset whose book value is at least 50% of the paid-in capital relating to such asset;

·●

any amendment to the Yanacocha By-Laws to change its business form;

·●

the merger, consolidation, dissolution or liquidation of Yanacocha; or

·●

any other amendment of the Yanacocha By-Laws.

~~Pursuant to the shareholders agreement among Newmont Second, Condesa,~~~~Compagnie Miniére Internationale Or S.A.~~ and IFC, dated as of August 16, 1993, as amended by a General Amendment Letter, dated August 17, 1994, any member of the Executive Committee of Yanacocha who wishes to propose that Yanacocha’s Executive Committee authorize Yanacocha to take a Significant Action (as defined below) must (i) give written notice to each partner of such proposal before consideration thereof at a meeting of the Executive Committee and (ii) refrain from voting to approve such Significant Action until (x) the Executive Committee has received the consent of 80% of the partners of Yanacocha (a partner is deemed to have consented if no objection is received from such partner within 30 days after being notified) or (y) the Executive Committee has received the consent of at least 51% of the partners of Yanacocha and 45 days have elapsed since the member of the Executive Committee who proposed the Significant Action has responded in writing to objections received from objecting partners. “Significant Action” means:

~~a disposal or sale of more than 20% by value of Yanacocha’s fixed assets;~~

~~any planned shutdown or cessation of Yanacocha’s mining activities that is planned to last for more than one year;~~

~~any capital expenditure by Yanacocha exceeding US$20 million;~~

~~any disposal or sale by Yanacocha of the mining rights covered by certain concessions; or~~

~~the approval of the construction of a project in the area owned by Yanacocha (other than the Carachugo mine and processing facilities).~~

Preemptive Rights

The Peruvian Companies Law and the Yanacocha By-Laws provide preemptive rights to all partners of Yanacocha. In the event of a capital increase, any partner has a preemptive right to pay its pro rata share of such increase to maintain such partner’s existing participation in Yanacocha.

In the event of a proposed transfer, exchange or sale, either voluntary or involuntary, of participation, collectively referred to as the “Offered Participation,” of one or more partners, any partner has a right to acquire the Offered Participation in proportion to its holdings of partners’ capital. If the entire partnership fails to exercise this right or some partners indicate their decision to acquire a smaller share than that to which they are entitled, the other partners will receive an increase, and consequently, the remaining participation will be distributed among them in proportion to such partners’ capital participation and within the maximum limit of the participation they have stated their intention to acquire. Finally, any Offered Participation remaining unsubscribed by the partners must first be offered to Yanacocha before they may be offered to third parties.

In addition, in the event of the occurrence of a change of control (as defined) with respect to a significant partner, or the parent of a significant partner, in Yanacocha, the other significant partner will have the right to acquire the first partner’s participation interest in Yanacocha. No change of control will occur with respect to a significant partner so long as the parent of such partner is publicly traded or if such partner’s parent is acquired, the acquiring company is publicly traded.

Legal Proceedings

For a discussion of legal proceedings, see Note 2021 to the Yanacocha Consolidated Financial Statements.

Other than the legal proceedings described in the Yanacocha Consolidated Financial Statements, Yanacocha is also involved in certain legal proceedings arising in the normal course of its business, none of which individually or in the aggregate is material to Yanacocha or its operations.

Management of Yanacocha

Executive Committee

Pursuant to the Yanacocha By-Laws, Yanacocha’s Executive Committee consists of six members, all of whom are appointed by the partners of Yanacocha. Gary J. Goldberg, ~~President and Chief Executive Officer of Newmont Mining Corporation, has been appointed~~is the Chairman of Yanacocha’s Executive Committee and Roque Benavides, our Chairman of the Board, serves as the Vice Chairman of Yanacocha’s Executive Committee. The Vice Chairman has the power to preside over the meetings of Yanacocha’s Executive Committee in the Chairman’s absence. The members of the Executive Committee are elected for a three-year term but may continue in their positions until the next election takes place and the newly elected members accept their positions. Alternate members are elected in the same manner as members and can act in place of and with all the authority of members when a member is unavailable, except that an alternate member may not preside over the meetings of Yanacocha’s Executive Committee. The Chairman has the right to cast the deciding vote in the event of a deadlock among Yanacocha’s Executive Committee.

General Manager/Management Agreement

The Yanacocha By-Laws provide that the Yanacocha Partners’ Meeting has the power to appoint and remove the Manager of Yanacocha; the Executive Committee has the power to appoint and remove other officers of Yanacocha, determine their duties and compensation and grant and revoke powers of attorney. Newmont Peru was named as Yanacocha’s Manager according to a publicly filed deed, and it continues to hold that position. Newmont Peru’s duties as Manager are defined in the Management Contract dated February 28, 1992, as amended, between Yanacocha and Newmont Peru (the “Management Contract”). Pursuant to the Management Contract, Newmont Peru is responsible for managing, conducting and controlling the day-to-day operations of Yanacocha and keeping Yanacocha’s Executive Committee informed of all operations through the delivery of various written reports. The Management Contract was amended as of December 19, 2000. The amendment extends the term of the Management Contract for a period of 20 years starting at the date of amendment and provides that it may be extended for additional terms of 20 years upon request by Newmont Peru. Newmont Peru, however, may cancel the Management Contract by giving six months’ prior notice to Yanacocha. The Management Contract will be deemed terminated if, due to reasons attributable to the bad management of Yanacocha, except for reasons beyond its control, Newmont Peru is unable to substantially complete the agreed work programs. In exchange for its services as Manager, Newmont Peru receives remuneration of US$2 per ounce of gold production and its equivalent for copper production paid on a quarterly basis, which amount is expected to cover the overhead and administrative expenses for the management of the operations. Also, Newmont Peru may charge Yanacocha for the salaries of employees of Newmont Peru or its affiliates who are directly involved in the operation of Yanacocha.

Control Over Major Corporate Events

See “—By-Laws of Yanacocha” above for a description of certain provisions of Peruvian law and of the Yanacocha By-Laws relating to control over major corporate events.

Preemptive Rights and Rights of First Refusal

See “—By-Laws of Yanacocha” above for a description of certain provisions of Peruvian law and of the Yanacocha By-Laws relating to preemptive rights and rights of first refusal.

C.43

Property, Plants and Equipment

Our Properties

Introduction

We currently have ~~five~~four wholly-owned operating mines (Orcopampa, Uchucchacua, Julcani, ~~Tambomayo~~ and ~~Mallay)~~Tambomayo) and controlling interests in three mining companies which operate the Colquijirca-Marcapunta, Tantahuatay and La Zanja mines. We also own an electric power transmission company, an energy generation company, a chemical processing company, ~~an engineering services consulting company~~ and an insurance brokerage company. We also have non-controlling interests in Yanacocha, Cerro Verde and Tantahuatay mines. See “Buenaventura—C. Organizational Structure” and “Intermediate Holding Companies, Subsidiaries and Equity Participations.” ~~Set forth below is a map of our principal mining operations.~~

4144

Directly Operated Properties

~~Directly Operated Properties~~

Orcopampa

The Orcopampa mine is wholly-owned and operated by Buenaventura. We lease the rights to the mining concessions of Orcopampa from a group of private investors. This lease, which expires in 2043, requires us to pay 10% of production value, subject to certain conditions. Operations began at the Orcopampa mine in 1965. In ~~2017,~~2019, we made lease payments of US$~~20.2~~ 4.741 million. We operated Orcopampa as a silver mine until the late 1990s, when we also began to mine gold-bearing veins.

The Orcopampa mine is located in the province of Castilla, department of Arequipa, approximately 1,350 kilometers southeast of the city of Lima, at an altitude between 3,800 and 4,500 meters above sea level.

The Orcopampa mine consists of an epithermal gold telluride deposit, hosted into lava flows and domes of Sarpane complex (calc-alkaline to high potassium), of early Miocene to Holocene, which forms part of the tertiary metallogenic belt of Southern Peru (Au-Ag).

Mining at Orcopampa is conducted underground using the mechanized bench-and-fill and cut-and-fill methods. Mine ore is processed by the carbon-in-leach method in a plant located in ~~Orcopampa, which was also outfitted for the treatment of old tailings.~~Orcopampa. Electric power is primarily obtained from the Peruvian national electricity grid. Water for operations at Orcopampa is obtained from a lake and ~~rivers.~~local river.

As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, proven and probable ore reserves were ~~851,166~~626,276 tons, with ~~38.26~~15.13 grams per ton of silver and ~~11.59~~9.99 grams per ton of gold.

Set forth below are certain unaudited operating data for the periods shown for Orcopampa, calculated on the basis of 100% of the mine’s production.

	Year Ended December 31,⁽¹⁾				Year Ended December 31,⁽¹⁾
	2016		2017		2018		2019
Mining Operations:
Ore mined (t)		464,366		500,580		353,891		127,079
Average gold grade (g/t)		12.66		11.89		9.98		10.30
Average silver grade (g/t)		59.72		37.95		32.04		5.93
Production:
Gold (oz.)		191,102		190,976		115,887		41,660
Silver (oz.)		692,318		528,449		312,250		18,791
Recovery rate (gold) (%)		96.33		97.14		97.10		96.75
Recovery rate (silver) (%)		73.39		85.05		81.73		76.76
Cost applicable to sales per oz. of gold⁽²⁾	US$	704	US$	743	US$	1,020	US$	1,489
Cost applicable to sales per oz. of silver⁽²⁾	US$	9.62	US$	10.02	US$	12.70	US$	17.98

(1)

Incorporates losses for mining dilution and recovery.

(2)

Cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold is not a measure of financial performance under IFRS and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. Cost applicable to sales per ounce of gold or ounce of silver consists of cost applicable to sales for gold or silver sold, divided by the volume of gold or silver produced in the specified period. The cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold figures disclosed herein are calculated without adjusting for by-product revenue amounts. We consider cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral to be a key measure in managing and evaluating our operating performance. We believe this measure is widely reported in the precious metals industry as a benchmark for performance, but does not have standardized meanings. You should not consider cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold as an alternative to cost of sales determined in accordance with IFRS as an indicator of our operating performance. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Buenaventura—G. Reconciliation of ~~Cost~~Costs Applicable to Sales and Cost Applicable to Sales per Unit Sold” for a reconciliation of Cost applicable to sales per unit sold to Cost of sales, excluding depreciation and amortization.

Uchucchacua

The Uchucchacua mine is wholly-owned and operated by Buenaventura. Operations began in 1975 and Uchucchacua remains our largest silver producer. It is located in the province of Oyón, department of Lima, approximately 265 kilometers northeast of the city of Lima at an altitude of between 4,000 and 5,000 meters above sea level.

The Uchucchacua mineral structures are hosted by Mesozoic limestone of the Jumasha Formation and are classified as a mesothermal polymetallic deposit of silver-lead-zinc with important contents of manganese. The main mineralized structures are veins and ore bodies with high-grade silver content.

Mining at Uchucchacua is conducted underground and utilizes ~~cut-and-fill stopping, shrinkage stopping~~the mechanized bench-and-fill and ~~sublevel stopping~~cut-and-fill methods. Ore is processed at a mill located at Uchucchacua. The mill has a rated capacity of 4,000 tons per day and utilizes differential flotation to obtain a lead-silver concentrate and a zinc ~~concentrate.~~concentrate, using two circuits of 2,800 tons per day and 1,200 tons per day respectively. Electric power is obtained from the Peruvian national electricity grid, a hydroelectric plant and a diesel generator. Water for operations at Uchucchacua is obtained from three local lakes.

During ~~2017,~~2019, the manganese sulfate plant of Rio Seco treated ~~32,435 tons~~32,409 tms of concentrates from the Uchucchacua mine, with ~~129.4~~67.2 ounces per ton of silver, ~~10.9%~~11.6% lead and ~~25.7%~~23.4% manganese. Following treatment, ~~19,863~~20,692 tons were obtained, with ~~210.4~~104.4 ounces per ton of silver, ~~17.8%~~17.9% lead and ~~3.4%~~3.8% manganese. This process also allowed for the production of ~~17,014~~18,463 tons of sulfuric acid of 98% purity and ~~21,402~~22,019 tons of commercial grade manganese sulfate monohydrated.

As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, proven and probable ore reserves were ~~4,893,597~~10,425,777 tons, with ~~410.85~~294.24 grams per ton of silver, ~~1.32%~~1.19% lead and ~~2.18%~~2.03% zinc.

Set forth below are certain unaudited operating data for the periods shown for Uchucchacua, calculated on the basis of 100% of the mine’s production.

	Year Ended December 31,⁽¹⁾				Year Ended December 31,⁽¹⁾
	2016		2017		2018		2019
Mining Operations:
Ore mined (t)		1,267,752		1,364,478		1,387,775		1,335,018
Average silver grade (g/t)		473.71		458.15		388.17		281.85
Average zinc grade (%)		1.17		1.80		2.23		2.20
Average lead grade (%)		0.93		1.36		1.60		1.52
Production:
Silver (oz.)		16,212,746		16,583,698		15,420,102		10,640,913
Zinc (t)		7,227		13,040		21,840		19,144
Lead (t)		10,724		16,708		19,122		17,635
Recovery rate (silver) (%)		83.95		82.50		87.43		87.96
Cost applicable to sales per oz. of silver⁽²⁾	US$	11.03	US$	10.61	US$	10.37	US$	12.15
Cost applicable to sales per ton of zinc⁽²⁾	US$	2,223	US$	2,951	US$	1,976	US$	2,071
Cost applicable to sales per ton of lead⁽²⁾	US$	1,214	US$	1,571	US$	1,349	US$	1,310

(1)

Incorporates losses for mining dilution and recovery.

(2)

Cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold is not a measure of financial performance under IFRS and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. Cost applicable to sales per ounce of silver, ton of zinc or ton of lead consists of cost applicable to sales for silver, zinc or lead sold, divided by the volume of silver, zinc or lead produced in the specified period. The cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold figures disclosed herein are calculated without adjusting for by-product revenue amounts. We consider cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral to be a key measure in managing and evaluating our operating performance. We believe this measure is widely reported in the precious metals industry as a benchmark for performance, but does not have standardized meanings. You should not consider cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold as an alternative to cost of sales determined in accordance with IFRS as an indicator of our operating performance. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Buenaventura—G. Reconciliation of ~~Cost~~Costs Applicable to Sales and Cost Applicable to Sales per Unit Sold” for a reconciliation of Cost applicable to sales per unit sold to Cost of sales, excluding depreciation and amortization.

Julcani

Julcani is an underground mine that is wholly-owned and operated by us. We acquired Julcani in 1953 as our first operating mine. Julcani is located in the province of Angaraes, department of Huancavelica, approximately 500 kilometers southeast of Lima at an altitude between 4,200 and 5,000 meters above sea level.

Julcani is a large polymetallic deposit in Central Peru, which principally produces silver that presents mainly as sulpho-salts in many mineralogically complex veins. They are hosted in dacite domes, tuffs, breccias and other tertiary volcanic rocks.

Ore is processed by bulk flotation to obtain a concentrate of silver-lead-copper-gold. The plant has a rated capacity of 550 tons per day. Water for operations in Julcani is obtained from mine drainage that must be previously treated with lime, from seasonal streams and a small lagoon.

Electric power is generated by three hydroelectric plants, Huapa, Tucsipampa and El Ingenio. We are also connected to the Peruvian national electricity grid. ~~Water for operations in Julcani is obtained from mine drainage, a seasonal stream and a small lagoon.~~

During 2017, exploration activities focused on the Accchilla mine, where we found approximately 100,000 tons of silver having a composition of 21.15 ounces per ton of silver. In the Estela mine, 25,383 tons of silver having a composition of 19.83 ounces per ton of silver were designated as reserves.

As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, total proven and probable ore reserves were ~~269,955~~255,097 tons, with ~~619.92~~653.64 grams per ton of silver, ~~0.22~~0.17 grams per ton of gold, ~~2.13%~~2.00% lead and ~~0.47%~~0.43% copper.

Set forth below are certain unaudited operating data for the periods shown for Julcani, calculated on the basis of 100% of the mine’s production.

Year Ended December 31,⁽¹⁾
2016⁽²⁾⁽³⁾ 2017⁽²⁾⁽³⁾
Mining Operations:
Ore mined (t) 173,865 130,854
Average gold grade (g/t) 0.12 0.12
Average silver grade (g/t) 606.83 552.71
Average lead grade (%) 1.76 1.47
Average copper grade (%) 0.18 0.15
Production:
Gold (oz.) 246 200
Silver (oz.) 3,264,420 2,249,527
Lead (t) 2,883 1,824
Copper (t) 291 192
Recovery rate (silver) (%) 96.25 96.77
Cost applicable to sales per oz. of silver⁽⁴⁾ US$ 11.62 US$ 17.12
Cost applicable to sales per ton of lead⁽⁴⁾ US$ 1,241 US$ 2,543
Cost applicable to sales per ton of copper⁽⁴⁾ US$ 2,837 US$ 6,318

	Year Ended December 31,⁽¹⁾
	2018⁽²⁾⁽³⁾		2019⁽²⁾⁽³⁾
Mining Operations:
Ore mined (t)		109,025		123,818
Average gold grade (g/t)		0.04		0.09
Average silver grade (g/t)		726.27		681.16
Average lead grade (%)		1.01		0.86
Average copper grade (%)		0.16		0.16
Production:
Gold (oz.)		71		150
Silver (oz.)		2,482,907		2,609,006
Lead (t)		1,048		966
Copper (t)		169		185
Recovery rate (silver) (%)		97.41		96.22
Cost applicable to sales per oz. of silver⁽⁴⁾	US$	14.98	US$	13.49
Cost applicable to sales per ton of lead⁽⁴⁾	US$	2,191	US$	1,585
Cost applicable to sales per ton of copper⁽⁴⁾	US$	7,392	US$	4,788

(1)

Includes losses due to mining dilution and recovery.

(2)

Includes total Acchilla and Estela mine production.

(3)

Reflects total recovery percentage of Acchilla and Estela ore.

(4)

Cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold is not a measure of financial performance under IFRS and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. Cost applicable to sales per ounce of gold, ounce of silver, ton of lead or ton of copper consists of cost applicable to sales for gold, silver, lead or copper sold, divided by the volume of gold, silver, lead or copper produced in the specified period. The cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold figures disclosed herein are calculated without adjusting for by-product revenue amounts. We consider cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral to be a key measure in managing and evaluating our operating performance. We believe this measure is widely reported in the precious metals industry as a benchmark for performance, but does not have standardized meanings. You should not consider cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold as an alternative to cost of sales determined in accordance with IFRS as an indicator of our operating performance. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Buenaventura—G. Reconciliation of ~~Cost~~Costs Applicable to Sales and Cost Applicable to Sales per Unit Sold” for a reconciliation of Cost applicable to sales per unit sold to Cost of sales, excluding depreciation and amortization.

Tambomayo

Tambomayo is an underground mine that is wholly-owned and operated by us. It is considered an epithermal deposit with quartz veins and mineralization mainly of gold and silver with important contents of lead and zinc. It is located in the province of Caylloma, Arequipa region, at an altitude between 4,550 and 5,000 meters above sea level.

~~Mining work~~

The underground works on the main Mirtha vein and diamond drilling carried out to date show an economic mineralization that deepens up to approximately ~~4,300~~850 meters ~~above sea level,~~and it expands over 1,200 horizontal meters, increasing the size of the economic mineralization ~~by 650 vertical meters.~~area to explore. Mining at Tambomayo is conducted underground and utilizes the mechanized bench-and-fill and cut-and-fill methods.

Tambomayo successfully completed the ramp-up process and has been operating at its maximum capacity of 1,500 metric tons per day since August 2017, thus becoming an important commercial operation for us. Tambomayo is projected to produce between 110,000 and 130,000 ounces of gold and 3,000,000 and 3,500,000 ounces of silver in 2018.

Tambomayo is connected to the Peruvian electricity grid and water for its operations comes from the damming of a stream with seasonal variations in flow.

As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, total proven and probable ore reserves were ~~1,898,280~~2,445,606 tons, with ~~305.63~~138.72 grams per ton of silver, ~~8.76~~3.73 grams per ton of gold, ~~1.25%~~1.27% lead and ~~2.50%~~1.66% zinc.

Set forth below are certain unaudited operating data for the periods shown for Tambomayo, calculated on the basis of 100% of the mine’s production.

	~~Year Ended December 31,~~⁽¹⁾
	~~2016~~		~~2017~~⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾
~~Mining Operations:~~
~~Ore mined (t)~~		-		~~332,193~~
~~Average gold grade (g/t)~~		-		~~6.99~~
~~Average silver grade (g/t)~~		-		~~264.38~~
~~Average lead grade (%)~~		-		~~1.72~~
~~Average Zinc grade (%)~~		-		~~2.35~~
~~Production:~~
~~Gold (oz.)~~		-		~~64,175~~
~~Silver (oz.)~~		-		~~1,788,219~~
~~Lead (t)~~		-		~~2,070~~
~~Zinc (t)~~		-		~~2,906~~
~~Recovery rate (silver) (%)~~		-		~~62.12~~
~~Recovery rate (gold) (%)~~		-		~~83.59~~
~~Cost applicable to sales per oz. of gold~~⁽³⁾		-	~~US$~~	~~671~~
~~Cost applicable to sales per oz. of silver~~⁽³⁾		-	~~US$~~	~~9.43~~
~~Cost applicable to sales per ton of lead~~⁽³⁾		-	~~US$~~	~~1,635~~
~~Cost applicable to sales per ton of Zinc~~⁽³⁾		-	~~US$~~	~~2,057~~

	Year Ended December 31,⁽¹⁾
	2018		2019⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾
Mining Operations:
Ore mined (t)		557,364		640,914
Average gold grade (g/t)		7.75		5.80
Average silver grade (g/t)		252.25		141.21
Average lead grade (%)		1.49		1.35
Average Zinc grade (%)		2.16		1.99
Production:
Gold (oz.)		129,172		99,245
Silver (oz.)		3,929,808		2,556,391
Lead (t)		4,220		7,603
Zinc (t)		8,685		9,672
Recovery rate (silver) (%)		85.11		87.76
Recovery rate (gold) (%)		91.15		83.10
Cost applicable to sales per oz. of gold⁽³⁾	US$	626	US$	679
Cost applicable to sales per oz. of silver⁽³⁾	US$	7.77	US$	8.92
Cost applicable to sales per ton of lead⁽³⁾	US$	1,186	US$	1,045
Cost applicable to sales per ton of Zinc⁽³⁾	US$	1,551	US$	1,876

(1)

Includes losses due to mining dilution and recovery.

(2)

Includes total Tambomayo mine production.

(3)

Cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold is not a measure of financial performance under IFRS and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. Cost applicable to sales per ounce of gold, ounce of silver, ton of lead or ton of copper consists of cost applicable to sales for gold, silver, lead or copper sold, divided by the volume of gold, silver, lead or copper produced in the specified period. The cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold figures disclosed herein are calculated without adjusting for by-product revenue amounts. We consider cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral to be a key measure in managing and evaluating our operating performance. We believe this measure is widely reported in the precious metals industry as a benchmark for performance, but does not have standardized meanings. You should not consider cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold as an alternative to cost of sales determined in accordance with IFRS as an indicator of our operating performance. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Buenaventura—G. Reconciliation of ~~Cost~~Costs Applicable to Sales and Cost Applicable to Sales per Unit Sold” for a reconciliation of Cost applicable to sales per unit sold to Cost of sales, excluding depreciation and amortization.

~~Mallay~~La Zanja

The Mallay mine is wholly-owned and operated by us and is located 21 kilometers southwest of the Uchucchacua mine in the district of Mallay, province of Oyón, department of Lima. Mallay is considered an epithermal deposit of silver, lead, zinc and limited gold values. We have recognized the following main ore structures: Isguiz body-vein (silver, lead, zinc), Pierina vien (gold), María vein (silver) and Fortuna (skarn type lead, zinc and silver).

During 2017, diamond drilling focused on the 4090 level, defining mineral resources of silver, lead and zinc in the Isguize bodies system and in the Maria and Maricruz veins. In 2018, the deepening plan will continue, which had little progress this year due to the presence of water in the lower levels of the mine.

District explorations with geochemical sampling and geophysical studies (Polarized Induction and Magnetometry) have recognized the possibilities of economic mineralization in the Tres Cerros area. Three areas of interest have been identified and will be further explored with diamond drilling during 2018.

~~As of December 31, 2017, proven and probable ore reserves were 192,890 tons, with 200.58 grams per ton of silver, 0.17 grams per ton of gold, 3.58% lead and 7.55% zinc.~~

~~Set forth below are certain unaudited operating data for the Mallay mine, calculated on the basis of 100% of the mine’s production.~~

Year Ended December 31,⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾
2016 2017
Mining Operations:
Ore mined (t) 204,035 170,519
Average silver grade (g/t) 264.07 223.63
Average lead grade (%) 3.98 2.70
Average zinc grade (%) 5.79 4.73
Production:
Silver (oz.) 1,627,246 1,109,382
Lead (t) 7,383 4,061
Zinc (t) 10,463 7,102
Recovery rate (silver) (%) 93.92 90.51
Cost applicable to sales per oz. of silver⁽³⁾ US$ 12.78 US$ 13.27
Cost applicable to sales per ton of lead⁽³⁾ US$ 1,406 US$ 1,889
Cost applicable to sales per ton of zinc⁽³⁾ US$ 1,869 US$ 2,416

~~(1)~~

~~Incorporates losses for mining dilution and recovery.~~

~~(2)~~

~~Data reflect mining operations at Mallay mine.~~

~~(3)~~

Cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold is not a measure of financial performance under IFRS and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. Cost applicable to sales per ounce of silver, ton of lead or ton of zinc consists of cost applicable to sales for silver, lead or zinc sold, divided by the volume of silver, lead or zinc produced in the specified period. The cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold figures disclosed herein are calculated without adjusting for by-product revenue amounts. We consider cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral to be a key measure in managing and evaluating our operating performance. We believe this measure is widely reported in the precious metals industry as a benchmark for performance, but does not have standardized meanings. You should not consider cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold as an alternative to cost of sales determined in accordance with IFRS as an indicator of our operating performance. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Buenaventura—G. Reconciliation of Cost Applicable to Sales and Cost Applicable to Sales per Unit Sold” for a reconciliation of Cost applicable to sales per unit sold to Cost of sales, excluding depreciation and amortization.

~~La Zanja~~

The La Zanja mine is located in the district of Pulan, province of Santa Cruz, department of Cajamarca, 48 kilometers northwest of the Yanacocha gold mine, at an average altitude of 3,500 meters above sea level. We hold a 53.06% interest and Newmont Holdings ULC holds a 46.94% interest in La Zanja.

La Zanja is located within a large area of hydrothermal alteration, mainly related to epithermal gold deposits in high sulfidation environments, in addition to some vein systems of intermediate to low sulfidation. We have two ore deposits in production: San Pedro Sur and Cerro Pampa Verde.

Mining operations are conducted through the open-pit method, the plant utilizes a carbon-in-column circuit as well as a Merrill-Crowe circuit to recover gold from heap leach operations. The gold laden carbon is then transported to Yanacocha to be processed into doré bars.

~~During 2017, we drilled 3,069.30~~In 2019, a total of 2,926 meters of diamond ~~drill holes~~drilling in the explorations area were drilled, of which 2,777 meters were made in the southern sector of the copper-gold project of the Emperatriz ~~project, where we found deposits~~Corridor, and 148 meters were explored by high grade gold structures in San Pedro Sur. The exploration of ~~“sweet” copper (chalcopyrite and bornite). We also developed the Corredor de Domos and Luciana projects, where we found prospective gold and silver zones that will~~Emperatriz Sur is expected to be ~~evaluated with diamond drilling beginning~~completed in ~~2018.~~2020.

Total proven and probable ore reserves as of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 were ~~10,801,144~~560,177 tons, with ~~6.35~~8.41 grams per ton of silver and ~~0.47~~0.41 grams per ton of gold.

Set forth below are certain unaudited operating data for La Zanja, calculated on the basis of 100% of the mine’s production.

Year Ended December 31,
2016 2017
Mining Operations:
Ore treated (t) 9,317,652 10,694,942
Average gold grade (g/t) 0.75 0.48
Average silver grade (g/t) 3.95 6.22
Production:
Gold (oz.) 139,724 127,118
Silver (oz.) 217,292 280,908
Cost applicable to sales per oz. of gold⁽¹⁾ US$ 607 US$ 789
Cost applicable to sales per oz. of silver⁽¹⁾ US$ 8.01 US$ 10.66

	Year Ended December 31,
	2018		2019
Mining Operations:
Ore treated (t)		5,702,881		1,577,645
Average gold grade (g/t)		0.46		0.46
Average silver grade (g/t)		7.46		6.73
Production:
Gold (oz.)		71,630		31,500
Silver (oz.)		217,174		97,204
Cost applicable to sales per oz. of gold⁽¹⁾	US$	891	US$	1,233
Cost applicable to sales per oz. of silver⁽¹⁾	US$	11.15	US$	14.24

(1)

Tantahuatay

Tantahuatay is a gold-copper mine located in the district and province of Hualgayoc, department of Cajamarca, in northern Peru, at an average altitude of 3,900 meters above sea level. The Tantahuatay mine is operated by Buenaventura and wholly-owned by Coimolache, in which we hold a 40.10% equity interest.

Geologically, the Tantahuatay ore deposits are located at diatremes or volcanic necks in a sequence volcano-magmatic hydrothermal predominant linked to the regional mineralized sector north of Peru.

Tantahuatay consists of five areas of Au-Ag mineralization, contained in material of supergenic oxidation (Mirador Norte, Mirador Sur, Cienaga Norte, Cienaga Sur and Tantahuatay). ~~We have also discovered that below~~Below the oxides level of the Cerro Tantahuatay area, there is a significant resource of ~~Cu-Au-Ag in~~copper, gold and silver associated to pyrite-enargite ~~ore~~ (sulphides), which isare present as disseminations and fracture fillings associated with advanced argillic alteration and ~~multiphase~~ breccia ~~bodies.~~bodies’ multiphase.

During ~~2017,~~2019, drilling of oxides reached ~~8,724.95~~5,417 meters of diamond drill holes. The operation was focused on the Tantahuatay 2 and Ciénaga Norte areas. Drilling was also performed at ~~the Mirador Norte~~Azufre and Mirador ~~Sur~~Northwest projects to convert resources to reserves. Another part of the drilling was aimed at exploring sulfides, which in total reached 20,578.01 meters. This was conducted in the areas of Tantahuatay 2 (North-West Extension), Mirador Sur and Ciénaga Norte.

Total proven and probable ore reserves as of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 were ~~68,099,157~~66,858,656 tons, with ~~7.15~~7.96 grams per ton of silver and ~~0.38~~0.34 grams per ton of gold.

Set forth below are certain unaudited operating data for the Tantahuatay mine, calculated on the basis of 100% of the mine’s production.

	Year Ended December 31,⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾
	2018		2019
Mining Operations:
Ore treated (t)		13,384,291		13,878,907
Average gold grade (g/t)		0.58		0.54
Average silver grade (g/t)		7.45		10.64
Production:
Gold (oz.)		173,192		162,196
Silver (oz.)		791,181		754,306
Cost applicable to sales per oz. of gold⁽³⁾	US$	675	US$	684
Cost applicable to sales per oz. of silver⁽³⁾	US$	8.39	US$	8.14

Year Ended December 31,⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾
2016 2017
Mining Operations:
Ore treated (t) 10,624,498 13,117,287
Average gold grade (g/t) 0.56 0.46
Average silver grade (g/t) 12.25 12.30
Production:
Gold (oz.) 150,816 151,454
Silver (oz.) 711,337 800,942
Cost applicable to sales per oz. of gold⁽³⁾ US$ 492 US$ 517
Cost applicable to sales per oz. of silver⁽³⁾ US$ 6.71 US$ 6.98

(1)

Incorporates losses for mining dilution and recovery.

(2)

Data reflect mining operations at the Tantahuatay 2 and Ciénaga Norte deposits.

(3)

~~Colquijirca~~Tajo Norte (Colquijirca) and Marcapunta Norte

The Colquijirca (also known as Tajo Norte) and Marcapunta Norte mines are wholly-owned by El Brocal. El Brocal was founded in 1956 and is engaged in the extraction, concentration and sale of concentrates of polymetallic minerals – mainly zinc, copper, lead and silver. Our aggregate direct and indirect equity interest in El Brocal was ~~61.32%~~61.43% as of December 31, ~~2017.~~2019.

The ~~Colquijirca~~Tajo Norte and Marcapunta Norte mines are adjacent and are located 285 kilometers east of the city of Lima and 10 kilometers south of the city of Cerro de Pasco. El Brocal produces zinc, lead and silver concentrates from the ~~Colquijirca~~Tajo Norte mine and copper concentrates from the Marcapunta Norte mine. The Colquijirca mine consists of three important polymetallic deposits: (1) Tajo Norte–Smelter, which contains zinc, silver and ~~lead ore;~~lead; (2) Marcapunta, which contains an auriferous mineralization in breccia oxides and an arsenic copper enargite mineralization as a continuation of the mineralized mantles of the Marcapunta Norte mine; and (3) San Gregorio, which contains zinc.

The Huaraucaca concentrator plant processes ore from both mines. In ~~2017,~~2019, average treated ore at the plant was ~~15,600~~17,354 tons per day.

The ~~Colquijirca~~Tajo Norte (Colquijirca) and Marcapunta Norte mines primarily ~~relies~~rely on a power line connected to the Peruvian national electricity grid.

In ~~2018,~~2019, El Brocal ~~will~~continued to focus on optimizing Marcapunta’s mining method, ~~achieving~~while also seeking the optimization of productivity and production costs, as well as accelerating the conversion of resources to reserves.

Total proven and probable reserves of ~~Colquijirca~~Tajo Norte - Smelter (Colquijirca), which include the Zn-Pb-Ag zone and Cu-Ag zone, as of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 were ~~69,781,000~~42,215,608 tons, with ~~22.16~~33.59 grams of silver per ton ~~0.86%~~and 1.11% of copper.

Total proven and probable reserves of Tajo Norte (Zn-Pb-Ag zone) as of December 31, 2019 were 14,756,041 tons with 2.52% of zinc ~~0.36%~~and 1.17% of ~~lead and 1.01% of copper.~~lead.

Total proven and probable reserves of Marcapunta Norte as of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 were ~~13,991,000~~34,503,283 tons with ~~12.66~~35.77 grams of silver per ton, ~~0.34~~0.72 grams of gold per ton and ~~1.81%~~1.30% of copper.

Set forth below are certain unaudited operating data for the ~~Colquijirca~~Tajo Norte (Colquijirca) mine, calculated on the basis of 100% of the mine’s production.

	Year Ended December 31,⁽¹⁾				Year Ended December 31,⁽¹⁾
	2016		2017		2018		2019
Mining Operations:
Ore mined (t)		3,513,959		3,169,908		3,429,618		3,407,914
Average silver grade (oz./t)		0.88		1.32		1.13		1.38
Average zinc grade (%)		2.67		2.74		2.30		2.42
Average lead grade (%)		0.77		1.13		1.11		1.26
Production:
Silver (oz.)		1,835,242		3,031,796		2,518,333		2,974,075
Zinc (t)		57,385		51,511		45,593		43,580
Lead (t)		12,860		20,313		20,582		23,599
Recovery rate (silver) (%)		59.55		72.30		65.25		63.32
Recovery rate (zinc) (%)		61.13		59.33		57.78		55.00
Recovery rate (lead) (%)		47.61		56.71		52.41		54.97
Cost applicable to sales per ton of mine⁽²⁾		1,808		1,915		1,569		2,007

(1)

Incorporates losses for mining dilution and recovery.

(2)

Represents cost applicable to sales per ton of zinc for El Brocal. Cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold is not a measure of financial performance under IFRS and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. Cost applicable to sales per ton of zinc consists of cost applicable to sales for zinc divided by the volume of zinc produced in the specified period. The cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold figures disclosed herein are calculated without adjusting for by-product revenue amounts. We consider cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral to be a key measure in managing and evaluating our operating performance. We believe this measure is widely reported in the precious metals industry as a benchmark for performance, but does not have standardized meanings. You should not consider cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold as an alternative to cost of sales determined in accordance with IFRS as an indicator of our operating performance. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Buenaventura—G. Reconciliation of ~~Cost~~Costs Applicable to Sales and Cost Applicable to Sales per Unit Sold” for a reconciliation of Cost applicable to sales per unit sold to Cost of sales, excluding depreciation and amortization.

Set forth below are certain unaudited operating data for the Marcapunta Norte mine, calculated on the basis of 100% of the mine’s production.

	Year Ended December 31,⁽¹⁾				Year Ended December 31,⁽¹⁾
	2016		2017		2018		2019
Mining Operations:
Ore mined (t)		2,597,926		2,517,673		3,204,262		2,926,124
Average silver grade (oz./t)		0.59		0.66		0.71		0.77
Average gold grade (gr/t)		0.53		0.56		0.51		0.54
Average copper grade (%)		2.07		1.91		1.59		1.67
Production:
Silver (oz.)		799,497		1,052,453		1,383,536		1,392,363
Gold (oz.)		23,511		22,536		21,429		18,726
Copper (t)		49,170		45,097		46,231		43,394
Recovery rate (silver) in copper (%)		62.24		63.12		60.95		62.07
Recovery rate (gold) in copper (%)		58.91		49.89		39.80		37.03
Recovery rate copper (%)		90.36		93.56		90.63		88.68
Cost applicable to sales per ton of mine⁽²⁾		4,651		5,119		5,488		5,385

(1)

Incorporates losses for mining dilution and recovery.

(2)

Represents cost applicable to sales per ton of copper for El Brocal. Cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold is not a measure of financial performance under IFRS and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. Cost applicable to sales per ton of copper consists of cost applicable to sales for copper divided by the volume of copper produced in the specified period. The cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold figures disclosed herein are calculated without adjusting for by-product revenue amounts. We consider cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral to be a key measure in managing and evaluating our operating performance. We believe this measure is widely reported in the precious metals industry as a benchmark for performance, but does not have standardized meanings. You should not consider cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold as an alternative to cost of sales determined in accordance with IFRS as an indicator of our operating performance. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Buenaventura—G. Reconciliation of ~~Cost~~Costs Applicable to Sales and Cost Applicable to Sales per Unit Sold” for a reconciliation of Cost applicable to sales per unit sold to Cost of sales, excluding depreciation and amortization.

5052

Reserves

We calculate our ore reserves by methods generally applied within the mining industry and in accordance with SEC Industry Guide 7. All mineral reserves are estimates of proven and probable ore quantities that under present conditions may be economically mined and processed.

The proven and probable ore reserve figures presented in this Annual Report are estimates, and no assurance can be given that the level of recovery of gold, silver and certain other metals will be realized. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Factors Relating to the Company—Estimates of proven and probable reserves are subject to uncertainties and the volume and grade of ore actually recovered may vary from our estimates.”

The term “reserves” refers to mineral deposits that could be economically and legally extracted or produced at the time of reserve determination. The term “proven reserves” means ore reserves for which (a) quantity is computed from dimensions revealed in outcrops, trenches, workings or drill holes, and grade and/or quality are computed from the results of detailed sampling, and (b) the sites for inspection, sampling and measurement are spaced so closely and the geologic character is so well defined that size, shape, depth and mineral content of reserves are well established. The term “probable reserves” means ore reserves for which quantity and grade and/or quality are computed from information similar to that used for proven reserves, but the sites for inspection, sampling and measurement are farther apart or are otherwise less adequately spaced. The degree of assurance, although lower than that for proven reserves, is high enough to assume continuity between points of observation.

As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, our total proven and probable reserves, including our equity share in the proven and probable reserves of El Brocal (61.43%), La Zanja (53.06%), Coimolache (40.10%) and Yanacocha ~~(45.95%~~(43.65%), were estimated to be ~~3.20~~6.00 million ounces of gold, representing a ~~9.6% decrease~~36% increase compared to our total proven and probable reserves as of December 31, ~~2016,~~2018, which were estimated to be ~~3.54~~4.40 million ounces of gold.

As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, our total proven and probable reserves, including our equity share in El Brocal (61.43%), La Zanja (53.06%), Coimolache (Tantahuatay) (40.10%), Yanacocha ~~(45.95%~~(43.65%)% and Cerro Verde ~~(19.58)%~~(19.58%) were estimated to be ~~196.61~~241.67 million ounces of silver, representing a ~~6.2% decrease~~2% increase over our total proven and probable reserves as of December 31, ~~2016,~~2018, which were estimated to be ~~209.65~~237.23 million ounces of silver.

The following table lists 100% of proven and probable ore reserves, as of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, for each of our consolidated mining operations and the Tantahuatay mine, in which we have a 40.10% equity interest. The reserves shown in the table below are the total reserves for each mine and do not reflect our equity share of reserves in non-wholly-owned mines.

5153

Proven Ore Reserves as of December 31, ~~2017~~2019^{(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)}

Orcopampa⁽³⁾ Uchucchacua⁽⁴⁾ Julcani⁽⁵⁾ Mallay⁽⁶⁾ Tambomayo⁽⁷⁾ La Zanja⁽⁸⁾ Tantahuatay⁽⁹⁾ Colquijirca^(10)(11) Marcapunta^(10)(12)
Total/
Average

Ore Reserves (t) 539,035 2,077,239 184,702 39,900 530,735 6,831,099 60,884,358 48,613,800 7,865,000 127,565,868
Grade:
Gold (g/t) 13.78 - 0.26 0.15 6.11 0.46 0.38 - 0.48 0.32
Silver (g/t) 41.23 421.24 621.29 240.58 440.42 7.06 7.19 25.33 18.05 24.41
Copper (%) - - 0.49 - - - - 0.87 1.95 0.45
Zinc (%) - 2.33 - 6.98 1.43 - - 1.15 - 0.49
Lead (%) - 1.34 2.18 4.45 0.95 - - 0.47 - 0.21

Content:
Gold (oz.) 238,766 - 1,531 195 104,333 100,266 748,071 - 121,375 1,314,537
Silver (oz.) 714,588 28,132,537 3,689,432 308,623 7,515,116 1,551,061 14,073,369 39,585,421 4,563,273 100,133,420
Copper (t) - - 908 - - - - 423,681 153,368 577,957
Zinc (t) - 48,410 - 2,784 7,576 - - 561,401 - 620,172
Lead (t) - 27,903 4,020 1,777 5,028 - - 228,072 - 266,800

	Orcopampa⁽³⁾	Uchucchacua⁽⁴⁾	Julcani⁽⁵⁾	Tambomayo⁽⁶⁾	La Zanja⁽⁷⁾	Tantahuatay⁽⁸⁾	Colquijirca⁽⁹⁾	Marcapunta⁽¹⁰⁾	Total/Average

Ore Reserves (t)	153,866	3,913,183	166,957	359,825	354,424	52,565,887	6,097,263	19,837,230	83,448,635
Grade:
Gold (g/t)	12.38		0.207	4.89	0.40	0.35		0.51	0.39
Silver (g/t)	18.64	266.94	654.09	104.46	9.05	6.94	65.61	25.48	0.95
Copper (%)			0.45				0.16	1.53	0.38
Zinc (%)		2.09		2.00			2.48		0.29
Lead (%)		1.25	2.09	1.48			1.19		0.16

Content:
Gold (oz.)	61,261		1,112	56,514	4,600	590,658		322,970	1,037,116
Silver (oz.)	92,224	33,583,879	3,511,027	1,208,403	103,135	11,732,995	12,861,713	16,251,210	79,344,585
Copper (t)			748				9,756	303,163	313,667
Zinc (t)		81,791		7,186			151,029		240,006
Lead (t)		48,753	3,490	5,318			72,842		130,403

Probable Ore Reserves as of December 31, ~~2017~~2019^{(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)}

Orcopampa⁽³⁾ Uchucchacua⁽⁴⁾ Julcani⁽⁵⁾ Mallay⁽⁶⁾ Tambomayo⁽⁷⁾ La Zanja⁽⁸⁾ Tantahuatay⁽⁹⁾ Colquijirca^(10)(11) Marcapunta^(10)(12)
Total/
Average

Ore Reserves (t) 312,132 2,816,358 85,253 152,990 1,367,545 3,970,045 7,214,799 21,167,200 6,126,000 43,212,322

Grade:
Gold (g/t) 15.18 - 0.15 0.17 9.79 0.49 0.32 - 0.17 0.54
Silver (g/t) 33.06 403.18 616.96 190.19 253.32 5.12 6.78 14.92 5.60 46.13
Copper (%) - - 0.43 - - - - 1.33 1.63 0.88
Zinc (%) - 2.07 - 7.70 2.92 - - 0.18 - 0.34
Lead (%) - 1.30 2.04 3.35 1.37 0.11 0.20

Content:
Gold (oz.) 152,345 - 402 847 430,228 62,484 73,081 - 33,482 752,869
Silver (oz.) 331,780 36,507,268 1,691,040 935,519 11,137,884 653,246 1,572,089 10,154,472 1,103,293 64,086,591
Copper (t) - - 370 - - - - 282,059 99,854 382,283
Zinc (t) - 58,195 - 11,779 39,931 - - 38,571 - 148,475
Lead (t) - 36,743 1,743 5,128 18,692 - 23,831 - 86,137

	Orcopampa⁽³⁾	Uchucchacua⁽⁴⁾	Julcani⁽⁵⁾	Tambomayo⁽⁶⁾	La Zanja⁽⁷⁾	Tantahuatay⁽⁸⁾	Colquijirca⁽⁹⁾	Marcapunta⁽¹⁰⁾	Total/Average

Ore Reserves (t)	472,409	6,512,595	88,140	2,085,782	205,741	14,292,769	8,658,777	42,125,621	74,441,833
Grade:
Gold (g/t)	9.219		0.113	3.549	0.423	0.32		0.48	0.49
Silver (g/t)	13.98	310.50	652.78	144.50	7.31	11.78	55.81	30.07	1.86
Copper (%)			0.38				0.11	1.47	0.84
Zinc (%)		2.00		1.60			2.54		0.52
Lead (%)		1.16	1.84	1.23			1.16		0.27

Content:
Gold (oz.)	140,015		320	238,012	2,801	146,383		649,502	1,177,033
Silver (oz.)	212,387	65,013,963	1,849,828	9,689,847	48,386	5,412,208	15,535,733	40,730,615	138,492,966
Copper (t)			338				9,525	617,273	627,136
Zinc (t)		130,148		33,459			220,323		383,929
Lead (t)		75,606	1,618	25,684			100,442		203,350

(1)

The amounts in this table reflect the reserves of all of our consolidated subsidiaries, including El Brocal and La Zanja, in each case as of December 31, ~~2017.~~2019.As of December 31, 2019, SRK Consulting Perú S.A., an independent consultant, audited the process used to estimate proven and probable ore reserves for Uchucchacua, Tambomayo, Orcopampa, El Brocal, Tantahuatay and La ~~Zanja, Hatch Asociados S.A.~~Zanja. Geominería S.A.C., an independent consultant, validated the model used to estimate proven and probable ore reserves for Tambomayo, Mining Plus Pty Ltd validated the model used to estimate proven and probable ore reserves for El Brocal and Geomineria S.A.C. audited the process used to estimate proven and probable ore reserves for ~~Orcopampa, Julcani and Mallay.~~Julcani.

(2)

For the year ended December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, reserves for our wholly-owned and ~~operated~~subsidiary mines, were calculated using the following prices: US$1,300 per ounce of gold, US$1816.30 per ounce of silver, US$~~2,600~~ 2,800 per metric ton of zinc, US$~~2,250~~2,200 per metric ton of lead and US$~~6,000~~6,200 per metric ton of copper.

~~(3)~~

The metallurgical recovery factors that impacted the calculated reserves for Orcopampa as of December 31, 2017 were water quality (recycled water contains impurities that can interfere with the chemical reaction of the reagents) and ore grade being lower than estimated or expected.

~~(4)~~

The metallurgical recovery factors that impacted the calculated reserves for Uchucchacua as of December 31, 2017 were the complexity of the ore, the variation of head ore grades and the high manganese content.

~~(5)~~

The metallurgical recovery factors that impacted the calculated reserves for Julcani as of December 31, 2017 were when the ore contained iron sulfide (Pyrite) higher than 8% and the quality of water used in the processing plant.

~~(6)~~

~~The metallurgical recovery factors that impacted the calculated reserves for Mallay as of December 31, 2017 were the high variation in ore grade and the variation in the hardness of the host rocks.~~

~~(7)~~

The metallurgical recovery factors that impacted the calculated reserves for Tambomayo as of December 31, 2017 were the complex process to treat polymetallic ore and the variation in the hardness of the host rocks.

~~(8)~~

The reserves shown for La Zanja, in which we owned a 53.06% of equity interest as of December 31, 2017, are the total reserves of the mine and do not indicate our equity share. They were calculated using the following metal prices: US$1,300 per ounce of gold and US$18 per ounce of silver. The metallurgical recovery factors that impacted the calculated reserves were when the clay content in ore being higher than 10% and the copper presence in the ore.

~~(9)~~

The reserves shown for Tantahuatay, in which we own a 40.10% of equity interest as of December 31, 2017, are the total reserves for the mine and do not indicate our equity share. They were calculated using the following prices: US$1,300 per ounce of gold and US$18 per ounce of silver. The metallurgical recovery factors that impacted the calculated reserves were when the clay content in ore being higher than 10% and the iron sulfide (Pyrite) content in ore being higher than 3%.

~~(10)~~

El Brocal, in which we own a 61.32% controlling equity interest as of December 31, 2017, owns the Colquijirca and Marcapunta mines. The reserves for Colquijirca were calculated using the following prices: US$18 per ounce of silver, US$2,535.32 per metric ton of zinc, US$2,094 per metric ton of lead and US$6,613.87 per metric ton of copper. The reserves for Marcapunta were calculated using the following prices: US$1,250 per ounce of gold, US$18 per ounce of silver and US$6,613.87 per metric ton of copper.

~~(11)~~

~~The metallurgical recovery factors that impacted the calculated reserves for Colquijirca as of December 31, 2017 were the high content of clay and soluble salts in the ore.~~

~~(12)~~

~~The metallurgical recovery factors that impacted the calculated reserves for Marcapunta as of December 31, 2017 were the high content of arsenic in the ore and the hardness of the host rocks.~~

5354

(3)

Variable metallurgical recovery assumptions (as a function of grade and relative metal distribution in individual concentrates).

(4)

Commercial terms based on historical data.

(5)

Variable cut-offs estimated by mining method and mining area and based on historical data and costs.

(6)

Variable modifying factors (dilution and mining recoveries) based on ground conditions and proposed mining method.

Yanacocha’s Properties

Operating Properties

For operating data (including ore mined, average gold grade of ore mined and gold production) for each of Yanacocha’s operating properties and a description of how ore is processed and the source of electricity and water for each of Yanacocha’s operating properties, see “—Yanacocha— B. Business Overview—Description of Yanacocha’s Operations.”

Yanacocha’s mining activities encompass ~~260,212~~301,000 acres ~~(105,304~~(121,810 hectares) that are covered by ~~182~~185 mining concessions. Yanacocha holds the mining rights related to ~~95,719~~96,338 acres ~~(38,736~~(38,987 hectares), covered by 7173 concessions. Chaupiloma holds the mining rights to the remaining acres and concessions and has assigned these mining concessions to Yanacocha. Each concession has an initial term of 17 to 2030 years, which isare renewable at Yanacocha’s request for an additional 17 to 20 year term.

The La Quinua Complex is currently mining material from the La Quinua Sur and the Tapado Oeste Layback and is scheduled to finish mining operations in 2020.

The Yanacocha Complex mines material from the Yanacocha Layback and Yanacocha Pinos, which are scheduled to finish mining operations in 2020. The Yanacocha Complex began operations in 1997 and has had limited mining operations in recent years.

The Carachugo Complex and Maqui Maqui mined material from multiple mines that are no longer in operation. In addition, the Carachugo leach pad processes oxide material from the Quecher Main project, which is a new open pit within the existing footprint of Yanacocha. This project went into commercial production in October 2019 and will extend the life of the Yanacocha operation to 2027.

Yanacocha has three processing concessions from ~~MINEM~~Peru’s MEM for its processing facilities: Cerro Yanacocha (La Quinua and Yanacocha leach pads, La Quinua and Yanacocha Norte gold recovery plants and Yanacocha Gold Mill), Yanacocha (Carachugo and Maqui Maqui leach pads and Pampa Larga gold recovery plant) and China ~~Linda.~~Linda (non-metallic processing concessions). Yanacocha’s gold processing plants are located adjacent to the solution storage ponds and are used to process gold-bearing solutions from Yanacocha’s leach pads through a network of solution-pumping facilities. The Yanacocha Gold Mill processes high-grade gold ore to produce a gold-bearing solution for treatment at the La Quinua processing plant. The Yanacocha Gold Mill processes between 5.5 and 6.0 million tons per year.

Yanacocha is an epithermal type deposit of high sulfidation hosted in volcanic rock formations. Gold is associated with iron-oxides and pyrite. Material is evaluated for gold grade and cyanide solubility and then placed on leach pads or in stockpiles for processing through the Yanacocha Gold Mill accordingly. ~~Studies are underway to evaluate the potential for mining sulfide gold and copper mineralization.~~ Yanacocha’s available mining fleet consists of two shovels, four excavators, two loaders and 4331 233-tonne haul ~~trucks, which range from 140 to 240 tons.~~trucks.

Brownfield exploration and development for new reserves is ongoing ~~including~~and we continue to evaluate the development of Quecher Main within the existing footprint of Yanacocha. This oxide deposit will extend the life of the Yanacocha operation to 2027, with an average of approximately 200,000 ounces between 2020potential for mining sulfide gold and ~~2025. Quecher Main received full funding approval from Yanacocha’s board of directors in October 2017 and is expected to reach commercial production in the fourth quarter of 2019.~~copper mineralization.

Power is supplied to the operation by Engie Energia Peru ~~SA.~~SA

Yanacocha’s gross property, plant and mine development ~~as of~~at December 31, ~~2017~~2019 was ~~$4.2 billion.~~$4,567. Yanacocha produced ~~534,691~~527,000 ounces of gold (270,000 attributable ounces of gold) in ~~2017~~2019 and reported ~~3.9~~3.6 million attributable ounces of gold reserves asand 740 million attributable pounds of copper reserves at December 31, ~~2017.~~2019.

Yanacocha also owns the Conga project, which is located approximately 16 miles (25 kilometers) northeast of ~~Yanacocha.~~Yanacocha and is currently in care and maintenance. Due to uncertainty surrounding the project and political risks related to the project’s development, ~~Yanacocha~~the Company has allocated its exploration and development capital to other projects in recent years. Should ~~Yanacocha~~the Company be unable to develop the Conga project, ~~Yanacocha~~the Company may have to consider other alternatives for the project, which may result in a future impairment charge for the project.

Reserves

~~Reserves~~

Proven and probable reserves are based on extensive drilling, sampling, mine modeling and metallurgical testing from which economic feasibility is determined. Under the Management Contract, Newmont Mining, in conjunction with Yanacocha, calculates Yanacocha’s reserves by methods generally applied within the mining industry and in accordance with SEC Industry Guide 7. Reserves represent estimated quantities of proven and probable ore that under present and anticipated conditions may be economically mined and processed.

As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, Yanacocha’s total proven and probable reserves (excluding the Conga project, the reserves for which were reclassified as resources or NRM as of December 31, 2015) were estimated to be ~~3.9~~6.9 million ounces of gold, representing an ~~11%~~7% decrease over Yanacocha’s total proven and probable reserves as of December 31, ~~2016,~~2018, which were estimated to be ~~4.4~~7.4 million ounces of gold.

The following tables detail proven and probable gold reserves for Yanacocha as of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016:~~

2018:

Gold Reserves as of December 31, 2017⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾
Proven Reserves Probable Reserves Proven and Probable Reserves
Tonnage Grade Ounces Tonnage Grade Ounces Tonnage Grade Ounces Metallurgical
Deposits/Districts (in
thousands) (oz/ton) (in
thousands) (in
thousands) (oz/ton) (in
thousands) (in
thousands) (oz/ton) (in
thousands) Recovery
Yanacocha Open Pits⁽²⁾ 23,127 0.022 500 148,936 0.018 2,638 172,063 0.018 3,182 70 %
Yanacocha Leach Pad⁽³⁾ 11,656 0.022 241 - - 11,656 0.022 241 73 %
Yanacocha Stockpiles⁽⁴⁾ 9,436 0.042 407 - - 9,436 0.042 407 56 %
Total 44,218 0.026 1,147 148,936 0.018 2,683 193,154 0.020 3,830 69 %

Gold Reserves At December 31, 2019⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾

Proven Reserves

Probable Reserves

Proven and Probable Reserves

Tonnage

Grade

Ounces

Tonnage

Grade

Ounces

Tonnage

Grade

Ounces

Metallurgical

Deposits/Districts

(in thousands)

(oz/ton)

(in thousands)

(oz/ton)

(in thousands)

(oz/ton)

(in thousands)

Recovery)

Total Yanacocha

24,400

0.021

520

220,000

0.029

6,400

244,401

0.028

6,950

76%

Gold Reserves as of December 31, 2016⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾
Proven Reserves Probable Reserves Proven and Probable Reserves
Tonnage Grade Ounces Tonnage Grade Ounces Tonnage Grade Ounces Metallurgical
Deposits/Districts (in
thousands) (oz/ton) (in
thousands) (in
thousands) (oz/ton) (in
thousands) (in
thousands) (oz/ton) (in
thousands) Recovery
Yanacocha Open Pits 34,859 0.018 604 158,520 0.018 2,921 193,379 0.018 3,525 69 %
Yanacocha Leach Pad⁽³⁾ 16,748 0.020 331 - - 16,748 0.020 331 67 %
Yanacocha Stockpiles⁽⁴⁾ 11,295 0.044 506 - - 11,295 0.044 506 63 %
Total 62,902 1,441 1,441 158,520 0.018 2,921 221,422 0.020 4,362 69 %

Gold Reserves At December 31, 2018⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾

Proven Reserves

Probable Reserves

Proven and Probable Reserves

Tonnage

Grade

Ounces

Tonnage

Grade

Ounces

Tonnage

Grade

Ounces

Metallurgical

Deposits/Districts

(in thousands)

(oz/ton)

(in thousands)

(oz/ton)

(in thousands)

(oz/ton)

(in thousands)

Recovery)

Total Yanacocha

33,106

0.023

760

232,327

0.029

6,660

265,433

0.028

7,420

76%

(1)

Proven and probable reserves, as of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019 and 2018 reserves were calculated ~~using a~~at an estimated gold price ~~assumption~~ of ~~US$1,200~~$1,200 per ~~ounce.~~ounce, unless otherwise noted.

(2)

The reserves shown for Yanacocha ~~in which we owned 45.95% and 43.65% of equity interest as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively,~~ are the total reserves of the mine and do not indicate our equity share.

~~(3)~~

~~Gold cut-off grades utilized in 2017 reserves were as follows: oxide leach material not less than 0.004 ounce per ton; and oxide mill material not less than 0.011 ounce per ton.~~

~~(4)~~

Leach pad material is the material on leach pads at the end of the year from which gold remains to be recovered. In-process reserves are reported separately where they exceed 100,000 ounces and are greater than 5% of the total site-reported reserves.

~~(5)~~

Stockpiles are comprised primarily of material that has been set aside to allow processing of higher grade material in the mills. Stockpiles increase or decrease depending on current mine plans. Stockpile reserves are reported separately where they exceed 100,000 ounces and are greater than 5% of the total site-reported reserves.

ITEM 4A.

Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

ITEM 5.

Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

In this Item 5, we present information first with respect to Buenaventura, followed by information with respect to Yanacocha, in which we have a ~~45.95%~~43.65% partnership interest, followed by information with respect to Cerro Verde, in which we have a 19.58% equity interest.

As mentioned in Note 2.3 of Consolidated Financial Statements, the Group had to change its accounting policies as a resul of adopting IFRS 16 ,Leases and IFRIC 23,Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments. New policies are presented in Note 2.4 (i) of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

5556

Introduction

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements as of December 31, ~~2016~~2018 and ~~2017~~2019 and for the years ended December 31, ~~2015, 2016~~2017, 2018 and ~~2017~~2019 and the related Notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual ~~Report.~~Report, and (ii) Item 5 to our annual report for the year ended December 31, 2018 (the “2018 20-F”). The Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared and presented in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. We present our consolidated financial statements in U.S. Dollars.

Operating Results

General

Overview.We were established in 1953 and are one of Peru’s leading producers of gold, silver and other metals. Our consolidated financial statements comprise all of our accounts and those of our subsidiaries, which include:

·●

the Julcani, ~~Mallay,~~ Tambomayo, Uchucchacua and Orcopampa mining units;

·●

the Colquijirca, Marcapunta and La Zanja mines, which are owned by our non-wholly-owned consolidated subsidiaries;

·●

Chaupiloma, which receives a royalty payment from Yanacocha;

·●

Condesa, which is mainly a holding company for internal investments and investments in Yanacocha and other affiliated mining companies;

·●

Conenhua, which is mainly engaged in the transmission of electric power to Yanacocha and other mining companies;

·●

other minor subsidiaries; and

·●

discontinued operations.

We also have material equity investments in (i) Yanacocha, which is an equity investee engaged in the exploitation and commercialization of gold, (ii) Cerro Verde, which is an equity investee engaged in the exploitation and commercialization of copper and (iii) Coimolache, which is an equity investee engaged in the exploitation and commercialization of gold and silver. We account for these investments under the equity method.

Yanacocha.Historically, a substantial part of our net loss before income tax was derived from our equity interest in Yanacocha. We have a ~~45.95%~~43.65% equity participation in Yanacocha as of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, which is held through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Condesa. Our partnership interest in Yanacocha is accounted for under the equity method and is included under the caption “Investment in associates” on our consolidated statements of financial position. Although Yanacocha has no fixed dividend policy, there is an understanding among the partners that the net income not required for sustaining capital expenditures or future development projects should be distributed after agreement between the ~~two~~three major shareholders, Newmont Mining, Sumitomo and Buenaventura.

Cerro Verde.As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, we had a 19.58% equity participation in Cerro Verde, which allows us to exercise significant influence over this company. As a result, we account for our investment in Cerro Verde using the equity method. Although Cerro Verde has no fixed dividend policy, there is an understanding that earnings not required for capital expenditures or future development projects are expected to be distributed.

Results of operations.The primary factors affecting our results of operations are:

·●

the amount of gold, silver, zinc and copper produced and sold;

·●

prevailing world market prices for gold, silver, zinc and copper;

·●

commercial terms with respect to the sale of ore concentrates; and

·●

our operating expenses.

Gold and silver price hedging.Our revenues and earnings are strongly influenced by world market prices for gold, silver, zinc and copper that fluctuate widely and over which we have no control. Depending upon the metal markets and other conditions, we may from time to time hedge our gold and silver sales to decrease our exposure to fluctuations in the prices of these metals. We and our wholly-owned subsidiaries are currently completely unhedged as to the price at which our gold and silver will be sold. As a result, we are fully exposed to the effects of changes in prevailing market prices of gold and silver.

~~In the case of El Brocal, it had outstanding hedging commitments amounting to 36,000 metric tons of copper at an average fixed price of US$6,479 per ton.~~

Operating costs and expenses.Operating costs and expenses consist of:

·●

operating costs, which are direct production costs, the major component of operating expenses;

·●

exploration costs in operational mining sites;

·●

depreciation and amortization expenses;

·●

exploration costs in non-operational mining areas;

·●

administrative expenses, which principally consist of personnel expenses;

·●

royalties, which consist of payments to third parties and the Peruvian government to operate leased mining rights; and

·●

selling expenses, which principally consist of freight expenses.

Reserves.We utilize geological mapping, projection of ore-bearing structures, diamond drilling, core logging and chemical assaying, in addition to drifting along previously indicated mineralization, to replace and grow reserves. In addition, we use metallurgical test-work of core and bulk samples as a follow-up activity to prove the amenability of any previously indicated mineralization to certain extraction methods available on site. We continuously analyze this information with respect to tonnage, precious-metals average grades, metallurgical recoveries and economic value and allocate funds preferentially to those projects that have the best potential to sustain or enhance profitable mine production in the near-term. Our mining operations are primarily conducted underground and consist of deposits that are difficult to explore and measure in advance of mining and in which the value or prospects for ore based on geologic evidence exceeds the value based on proved reserves throughout most of the life of mines supported by them, or extramensurate deposits.

In addition, underground mine infrastructure, such as declines, shafts and/or dewatering/ore haulage crosscuts, that facilitate access to ore reserves are constructed and categorized as mine development. We consider such underground mine infrastructure vital to assure sustainable mine production and reserve production. The design, construction and implementation of our underground mine infrastructure are presented and supervised by our operations manager with the Board of Directors’ (the “Board”) approval. We capitalize mine development and mineral land costs incurred after we have ~~identified proven and probable reserves.~~approved the feasibility of the conceptual study of a project. Upon commencement of production, we amortize these costs over the expected life of the mining area, based on proven and probable reserves and other factors.

Our other mining operations are smaller and have variable fluctuations in production and reserves due to complexities of the ore located in certain mining operations (such as the Colquijirca mine); the sale of certain mining operations; partial and temporary closures of mining operations; and the production of silver only as by-product of gold (such as the Orcopampa mine).

5758

Net income and net distributable income.Under Peruvian law, each company is required to establish a legal reserve equal to at least 20% of its paid-in capital on an unconsolidated basis. An annual contribution of at least 10% of net income must be made until such legal reserve equals 20% of paid-in capital. The legal reserve may offset losses or be capitalized. However, following any instance in which the reserve is used, Peruvian law calls for mandatory replenishment of the reserve.

Royalties.Royalty expenses consist mainly of payments made by us pursuant to lease agreements relating to mining rights for the Orcopampa mine. Specifically, we pay the lessor a royalty of 10% of the value of the concentrates produced. We are also required to pay the Peruvian government mining royalties and taxes. In addition to mining royalties, pursuant to Law No. 29789, effective October 1, 2011, mining operations in Peru are subject to an extraordinary mining tax. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Buenaventura—B. Business Overview—Regulatory Framework—Mining Royalties and Taxes.”

Environmental protection laws and related regulations.Our business is subject to Peruvian laws and regulations relating to the exploration and mining of mineral properties, as well as the possible effects of such activities on the environment. We conduct our operations substantially in accordance with such laws and regulations.

Discontinued operations. In 2014, we publicly announced our decision to sell four of our mining units: Poracota, Recuperada, Antapite and Shila-Paula. As a consequence, these mining units were presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements as mining units held for sale. According to IFRS 5 “Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations,” the related assets and liabilities are presented in the consolidated statement of financial position at the lower of cost and fair value less cost to sale. During 2016, we decided to change the classification of three mining units (Poracota, Recuperada and Shila-Paula) that had been mining units held for sale and began the final closing process for these mines. ~~In December 2016, we sold the Antapite mining unit. In 2016, we started the final closing process for the Breapampa mining unit.~~ As a result, income, costs and expenses related to this mining unit were classified as discontinued operations for the years 2016, 2015 and 2014. In December 2016, we sold the Antapite mining unit and we started the final closing process for the Breapampa mining unit. During 2017, we sold the Breapampa and Recuperada mining units. During 2019, we decided to change the classification of our Mallay mining unit as a discontinued operation for the years 2019, 2018 and 2017. See Note 1(e) and Note 2.4(w) to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The following is a discussion of our application of critical accounting policies that require our management, or “Management,” to make certain assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the accounting estimate is made, and where different estimates that Management reasonably could have used in the current period, or changes in the accounting estimate that are reasonably likely to occur from period to period, would have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Management has identified the following accounting estimates and policies as critical:

·●

mineral reserves and resources;

·●

unit-of-production depreciation;

·●

~~mine rehabilitation~~closure of mining units provision;

·●

inventories;

·●

impairment of non-financial assets;

·●

~~taxes;~~

~~fair value of contingent consideration;~~deferred income tax and recoverability; and

	·●	~~segment reporting.~~ fair value of contingent consideration

5859

Other significant accounting policies include:

·●

contingencies;

·●

development start date;

·●

production start date; ~~and~~

·●

useful life of property, plant and ~~equipment.~~equipment;

●

revenue from contracts with customers.

We also have certain accounting policies that we consider ~~to be~~ important, such as our policies for investments carried at fair value, ~~revenue recognition~~ and exploration costs that do not meet the definition of critical accounting estimates, as they do not require Management to make estimates or judgments that are subjective or highly uncertain.

Management has discussed the development and selection of our critical accounting estimates with the Audit Committee of the Board.

Mineral reserves and resources

Recoverable proven and probable reserves are the part of a mineral deposit that can be economically and legally extracted or produced at the time of the reserve determination. The determination of reserves involves numerous uncertainties with respect to the ultimate geology of the ore bodies, including quantities, grades and recovery rates. Estimating the quantity and grade of reserves requires us to determine the size, shape and depth of our ore bodies by analyzing geological data, such as samplings of drill holes, tunnels and other underground workings. In addition to the geology of our mines, assumptions are required to determine the economic feasibility of mining these reserves, including estimates of future commodity prices and demand, the mining methods we use and the related costs incurred to develop and mine our reserves. The conceptual framework used to estimate proven and probable reserves for our wholly-owned mines as of December 31, 2015 was reviewed by independent consultant Geomineria S.A.C. For 2016, Geominería S.A.C. audited the process used to estimate proven and probable ore reserves for Orcopampa, Uchucchacua, Julcani, Mallay and Tambomayo, and Hatch Asociados S.A., an independent consultant, audited the process used to estimate proven and probable ore reserves for Tambomayo as of December 31, 2016. The conceptual framework used to estimate proven and probable reserves for El Brocal’s mines as of December 31, 2015 was reviewed by independent consultant MINTEC Inc. The conceptual framework used to estimate proven and probable reserves for El Brocal’s mines as of December 31, 2016 was reviewed by consultant Buenaventura Ingenieros S.A. As of December 31, ~~2017.~~2019, SRK Consulting Perú S.A., an independent consultant, audited the process used to estimate proven and probable ore reserves for Uchucchacua, Tambomayo, Orcopampa, El Brocal, Tantahuatay and La ~~Zanja, Hatch Asociados S.A.~~Zanja. Geominería S.A.C., an independent consultant, validated the model used to estimate proven and probable ore reserves for Tambomayo, Mining Plus Pty Ltd validated the model used to estimate proven and probable ore reserves for El Brocal and Geomineria S.A.C. audited the process used to estimate proven and probable ore reserves for ~~Orcopampa, Julcani and Mallay.~~Julcani.

Changes in estimated reserves could affect mainly the depreciation of fixed assets related directly to mining activity, the provision for mine closure, the assessment of the deferred asset’s recoverability and the amortization period for development costs.

Unit-of-production depreciation

Reserves and resources are used in determining the depreciation and amortization of mine-specific assets. This results in a depreciation or amortization charge proportional to the depletion of the anticipated remaining life of mine production. Each mine’s life is assessed annually to evaluate: (i) physical life limitations and (ii) present assessments of economically recoverable reserves of the mine property. These calculations require the use of estimates and assumptions, including the amount of recoverable reserves. Changes are recorded prospectively.

This results in a depreciation or amortization charge which is proportional to the depletion of the anticipated remaining life-of-mine production. The life of each item, which is assessed at least annually, is determined based on both its physical life limitations and present assessments of economically recoverable reserves of the mine property where the asset is located. These calculations require the use of estimates and assumptions, including the amount of recoverable reserves. Changes in estimates are accounted for prospectively.

~~Mine rehabilitation~~Closure of mining units provision

We record a provision for mine closure when a legally enforceable obligation arises, which is independent of the full depletion of the mine reserves. Once such an obligation has been appropriately measured, it is recorded by creating a liability equal to the amount of the obligation and recording a corresponding increase to the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset (mine development cost and property, plant and equipment). Over time, the amount of the obligation changes, impacting recording and accretion expenses. Additionally, the capitalized cost is depreciated and/or amortized based on the useful lives of the related assets.

Any difference in the settlement of the liability will be recorded in the results of the period in which such settlement occurs. The changes in the fair value of an obligation or the useful life of the related assets that occur from the revision of the initial estimates should be recorded as an increase or decrease in the book value of each of the obligation and related asset.

Following our accounting treatment, as of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, we have recorded an accrual for mine closure costs of US$~~200.2~~252.3 million to comply with governmental requirements for environmental remediation for Buenaventura and its mining subsidiaries. Please see Note 15(b) to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

We assess our provision for closure of mining units annually. This assessment entails significant estimates and assumptions because there are a number of factors that will affect the ultimate liability for this obligation. These factors include estimating the scope and costs of closing activities, technological changes, regulatory changes, increases in costs compared to inflation rates and changes in the discount rates. Such estimates or assumptions may result in actual expenses in the future that differ from the amounts provisioned at the time the provisions were established. The provision at the date of this report represents our best estimate of the present value of future costs for the closure of mining units.

Inventories

Inventories are classified as short-term or long-term depending on the length of time that management estimates will be needed to reach the production state of concentrate extraction for each mining unit.

Net realizable value tests are performed at least annually and represent the estimated future sales price of the product based on prevailing spot metals prices at the reporting date, less estimated costs to complete production and bring the product to sale. Additionally, management also considers the time value of money in calculating the net realizable value of our long-term inventories.

Classified minerals, which are materials with metal content that were removed from the pit of the Colquijirca mining unit for treatment at the expansion operation plant, contain lower grade ore than the average of treated minerals and are available to continue in the process of recovery of mineral and concentrates. Because it is generally impracticable to determine the mineral contained in the classified mineral located in the deposit field near Tajo Norte by physical count, reasonable estimation methods are employed. The quantity of minerals delivered to classified mineral is based on surveyed volumes of mined material and daily production records. Sampling and assaying of blasthole cuttings determine the estimated copper, lead and zinc grades of material delivered to classified minerals.

For minerals outside leach platform inventories, finished and in-progress goods are measured by estimating the number of tons added and removed. The number of contained gold ounces is based on assay data, and the estimated recovery percentage is based on the expected processing method. Tonnages and ounces of mineral are verified by periodic surveys.

For minerals inside leach platform inventories, reasonable estimation methods are employed because it is generally impracticable to determine the mineral contained in leach platforms by physical count. The quantity of material delivered to leach platforms are based on surveyed volumes of mined material and daily production records. Sampling and assaying of blasthole cuttings determine the estimated ore grades of material delivered to leach platforms.

Impairment of non-financial assets

We determine whether the operations of each mining unit are cash generating units, considering each mining unit operation independently. We assess at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any such indication exists, we estimate the asset’s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of the asset’s fair value less costs to sell and its use value and is determined for an individual asset (cash-generating unit) unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are clearly independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. These assessments require the use of estimates and assumptions such as long-term commodity prices, discount rates, operating costs and others.

A cash-generating unit is the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are independent of the cash inflow generated by other assets or groups of assets.

In assessing value in use, ~~value,~~ the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset.

At each reporting date, we update our assessment of the recoverability of the book value of our long-term assets under the procedures established by IAS 36 – “Impairment of Assets” for all of our mining units. As a result, we recorded impairment losses and recoveries of the provision during ~~2015, 2016~~2017, 2018 and ~~2017.~~2019.

In 2015, we recorded impairment losses for two of our mining units (La Zanja and Breapampa) of US$3.8 million (recognized as an operating expense) and US$7.5 million (recognized as a loss from discontinued operations), respectively. In 2016,2018, we recorded an impairment ~~loss for one of our mining units (Shila-Paula) of US$2.0 million (recognized as an operating expense).~~

~~In 2017, we recorded an impairment loss~~reversal related to our La Zanja mining property of US$~~21.6 million. As~~5.7 million as a result of the ~~sale~~analysis of the ~~Breapampa and Recuperada mining units,~~recovery amount. In addition, as ~~well as~~a result of the ~~sale~~disposal of ~~the~~assets, we recorded a reversal in our impairment provision related to our Shila Paula mining unit ~~assets, Buenaventura~~of US$2.8 million. This provision was previously recorded in 2016.

In 2019, we recorded an impairment for US$2.1 million as a ~~reversal~~result of the analysis of the recoverable amount of our Julcani mining unit. The main factors considered in the impairment ~~losses in 2017~~analysis were reserves, and life of ~~US$7.4 million, US$7.1 million and US$2.7 million, respectively.~~mine.

These impairment charges have not had an impact on our operating cash flows. Cash flows used to assess recoverability of our long-lived assets and measure the carrying value of our mining operations were derived from current business plans using near-term price forecasts reflecting of the current environment and Management’s projections for long-term average metal prices and operating costs.

Our asset impairment evaluations required us to make several assumptions in the discounted cash flow valuation of (i) our individual mining operations, including near and long-term metal price assumptions, production volumes, estimates of commodity-based and other input costs and (ii) proven and probable reserve estimates, including any costs to develop the reserves and the timing of producing the reserves, as well as the appropriate discount rate. Our December 31, ~~2015, 2016~~2018 and ~~2017~~2019 impairment evaluation was based on price assumptions reflecting prevailing metals prices for the following years.

We believe events that could result in additional impairment of our long-lived assets include, but are not limited to, (i) decreases in future metal prices, (ii) decreases in estimated recoverable proven and probable reserves and (iii) any event that might otherwise have a material effect on mine site production levels or costs.

Deferred income tax asset and recoverability

In preparing our annual consolidated financial statements, we estimate the actual amount of taxes currently payable or receivable as well as deferred tax assets and liabilities attributable to temporary differences between the tax and book bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using tax rates applicable to taxable income in the years in which these temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates and laws is recognized in income in the period in which such changes are enacted.

All deductible temporary differences and loss carry-forwards generate the recognition of deferred assets to the extent that it is probable that they can be used in calculating taxable income in future years. Deferred income tax liability is recognized for all deductible temporary differences and tax loss carry-forwards, to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses can be utilized. The carrying amount of the deferred income tax asset is reviewed at each consolidated statement of financial position date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred asset to be utilized. Unrecognized deferred assets are reassessed at each consolidated statement of financial position date.

Deferred assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legal right to set them off and the taxes deferred relate to the same entity and the same tax authority.

Deferred tax assets, including those resulting from unused tax losses, require that we assess the likelihood that we would generate taxable earnings in future periods to apply the deferred tax assets. Estimated future taxable income is based on projections of cash flow from operations and application of the tax law existing in each jurisdiction. To the extent to which actual future cash flows and taxable income differ significantly from those estimated, our ability to realize the deferred tax assets posted as of the reporting date may be affected.

In addition, future changes in the tax law in jurisdictions where we operate could limit our ability to obtain tax deductions in future periods.

As of December 31, ~~2015, 2016~~2018 and ~~2017, our valuation allowance~~2019, unrecognized deferred income tax assets totaled US$~~18.2 million, US$37.0~~40.9 million and US$~~38.9~~50.2 million, respectively.

Fair Value of contingent consideration

The contingent consideration arising from a business combination is measured at fair value at the date of acquisition, as part of the business combination. If the contingent consideration is eligible to be recognized as a financial liability the fair value is subsequently re-measured at each date of the consolidated financial statements. Determining the fair value of the contingent consideration is based on a model of discounted future cash flows. The key assumptions take into account the likelihood of achieving each goal of financial performance as well as the discount factor.

Segment Reporting

Management has determined its operating segments based on reports that the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (the “CODM”) uses for making decisions. The Company’s operations are organized into business units based on its products and services, activities and geographic locations. The broad categories of the Company’s business units are:

·●

Production and sale of minerals;

·●

Exploration and development activities;

~~Construction and engineering services;~~

·●

Energy generation and transmission services;

·●

Insurance brokerage;

·●

Rental of mining concessions;

·●

Holding of investment in shares (primarily ofin our associate Minera Yanacocha S.R.L); and

·●

Industrial activities.

The CODM monitors the operating results of the business units separately for ~~the purpose of~~ making decisions about resource allocation and performance assessment. Segment performance is evaluated based on operating profit or loss and is measured consistently with operating profit or loss in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Also, the Company’s financing and income taxes are managed at the corporate level and are not allocated to the operating segments, except for those entities which are managed independently. See Note 3031 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Contingencies

Contingent liabilities, when identified, are assessed as either remote, possible or probable. Contingent liabilities are recorded in the consolidated financial statements when it is probable that future events will confirm them and when their amount can be reasonably estimated. Contingent liabilities deemed as possible are only disclosed, together with a possible debit range, when determinable, in notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Contingent assets are not recognized in the consolidated financial statements; however, they may be disclosed in notes to the consolidated financial statements if it is probable that such contingent assets will be realized. See Note ~~28(f) and (g)~~29(d), (e) and(f) to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Determining contingencies inherently involves the exercise of judgment and calculation of the estimated outcomes of future events.

Development start date

We assess the status of each exploration project of our mining units to determine when the development phase begins. One of the criteria used to evaluate the development start date is when we determine that the property can be economically developed.

Production start date

We assess the stage of each mine under development to determine when a mine moves into the production stage. The criteria used to assess the start date are determined based on the nature of each mining project, the complexity of a plant and its location. We consider various relevant criteria for assessing when the mine is substantially complete and ready for its planned use. Some of these criteria are the level of capital expenditure compared to development cost estimates, a reasonable testing period for the mine’s plant and equipment and the ability to produce ongoing production of metal.

When a mine development project moves into the production stage, the capitalization of certain costs ceases, and they are considered as inventory or expenses, except for costs that qualify for capitalization relating to mining asset additions or improvements, underground mine development or mineable reserve development. It is also at this point that depreciation or amortization commences.

Useful life of property, plant and equipment

Straight-line method

Depreciation is calculated under the straight-line method of accounting considering the lower of estimated useful lives of the asset or estimated reserves of the mining unit. The useful lives are the following:

Property, Plant and Equipment		Estimated Years of Useful Life
Buildings, constructions and other		~~Between~~ 6 ~~and~~to 20
Machinery and equipment		~~Between~~ 5 ~~and~~to 10
Transportation units		5
Furniture and fixtures		10
Computer equipment		4

An item of property, plant and equipment is de-recognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising from de-recognizing an asset (calculated as the difference between the proceeds from the sale and the book value of the asset) is included in the consolidated statement of profit or loss in the year the asset is de-recognized.

Revenues from contracts with customers

According to our accounting policies, revenue is recognized when control of goods or services is transferred to the ~~extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow~~customer in an amount equal to ~~us. Revenue is measured at the fair value of~~ the consideration ~~received, excluding discounts~~that we expect to receive in exchange for those goods and ~~other sales taxes or duty.~~services.

Revenues from sales of concentrates ~~gold~~ and ~~silver~~metals are recognized at the point in the time when control of the ~~significant risks and rewards of ownership have been~~asset is transferred ~~which is considered to occur when title passes~~ to the customer. ~~This generally occurs when the product is physically transferred~~Revenues related to ~~the buyer.~~services, such as energy generation and transmission, industrial services, and other services, are recognized over time.

~~Revenues for engineering services rendered by BISA are recognized based on the progress of the current service contracts.~~

~~Fair value of embedded derivative for concentrate sales~~

Substantially all of our concentrate sales contracts provide final pricing in a specified period (generally one to four months from the shipment date) based on quoted LME prices. We ultimately receive market prices based on prices in the specified future period, however, the accounting rules applied to these sales result in changes recorded as revenue until the specified future period. We record revenues and invoice customers at the time of shipment based on current LME prices, which result in an embedded derivative on our provisional priced concentrate sales that are adjusted to fair value through earnings of each period until the date of final pricing. To the extent final prices are higher or lower than what was recorded on a provisional basis, an increase or decrease to revenues is recorded in each reporting period until the date of final pricing. See Note ~~20(a) and Note 31(b)~~2.4(q) to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018

Net sales of goods.Net sales of goods ~~increased~~decreased by ~~21%~~26%, mainly due to ~~the increase~~a decrease in ~~sales~~both volume of metal sold and average realized prices, as set forth in the chart below:

Sales by metal Year ended December 31,
2016 2017 Variation Variation
(US$ in thousands)
Gold (a) 440,603 511,434 70,831 16 %
Silver (b) 385,989 409,775 23,786 6 %
Lead (c) 58,690 94,955 36,265 62 %
Zinc (d) 142,425 188,023 45,598 32 %
Copper (e) 224,649 268,527 43,878 20 %
Manganese sulfate 5,982 6,317 335 6 %
Indium - 66 66 -
1,258,338 1,479,097 220,759 18 %
Commercial deductions (f) (244,414 ) (253,939 ) (9,525 ) (4 )%
Adjustments to prior period liquidations 4,611 919 (3,692 ) (80 )%
Embedded derivatives from sale of concentrate 880 8,786 7,906 �� 898 %
Hedge operations (3,745 ) (10,921 ) (7,176 ) (192 )%
Total sales by metal 1,015,670 1,223,942 208,272 21 %

Sales of goods	Year ended December 31,
	2018			2019			Variation			Variation
	(US$ in thousands)
Silver (a)		362,122			298,171			(63,951	)		(18	)%
Gold (b)		411,877			254,194			(157,683	)		(38	)%
Copper (c)		274,761			238,304			(36,457	)		(13	)%
Zinc (d)		164,666			149,317			(15,349	)		(9	)%
Lead		85,555			89,141			3,586			4	%
Manganese sulfate		6,655			6,046			(609	)		(9	)%
		1,305,636			1,035,173			(270,463	)		(21	)%
Commercial deductions (e)		(192,684	)		(220,306	)		(27,622	)		14	%
Hedge operations (f)		(1,398	)		4,322			N.A.			N.A.
Fair value of accounts receivable (g)		(6,013	)		2,347			N.A.			N.A.
Adjustments to prior period liquidations		788			394			(394	)		(50	)%
Total sales of goods		1,106,329			821,930			(284,399	)		(26	)%

(a)

Silver sales. The decrease in silver sales is mainly due to decreases in the volume of silver sales, which was primarily due to a 35% and 32% decrease in volume sold in the Tambomayo and Uchucchacua mining units, respectively, partially offset by a 15% increase in volume sold in the Colquijirca mining unit. For further information, see “Sales of goods – Mining segments”.

(b)

Gold ~~sales.~~Sales. The ~~increase~~decrease in gold sales is mainly due to ~~increases~~decreases in ~~average realized sales prices for gold and the~~ volume of gold ~~sales. The increase~~sales, which was primarily due to a 65%, 59% and 19% decrease in the volume sold ~~is due to~~in the ~~net effect of new production at our~~Orcopampa, La Zanja and Tambomayo mining ~~unit and an increase in gold production at the Orcopampa mining unit, partially offset by a decrease in gold production at the La Zanja mining unit.~~

units. For further information, see “Sales of goods – Mining segments”.

~~(b)~~(c)

~~Silver~~Copper sales. The ~~increase~~decrease in ~~silver~~copper sales is mainly due to ~~the effect of an increase~~decreases in ~~the~~ volume of ~~silver sales. The increase~~copper sales, which was primarily due to a 6% decrease in volume sold ~~is due to~~and the net effect of an increase in silver production at our Uchucchacua and Colquijirca mining units and new production at our Tambomayo mining unit, partially offset by a decrease at our Mallay and Julcani mining units.

	~~(c)~~	~~Lead~~average sales~~. The increase in lead sales is mainly due to the effect of increases~~ price in the ~~volume~~unit of ~~lead sales and average realized sales prices for lead. The increase in volume sold is due to an increase in lead production at our Colqujirca and Uchucchacua mining units.~~Colquijirca. For further information, see “Sales of goods – Mining segments”.

(d)

Zinc sales.The ~~increase~~decrease in zinc sales is primarily due to ~~the net effect of an increase~~decreases in average realized ~~sales~~ prices ~~for zinc~~ and ~~a decrease in the~~ volume of zinc sales, ~~mainly~~which was primarily due to ~~increased zinc production at our~~a 9% and 2% decrease in volume sold in the Uchucchacua and ~~Tambomayo~~Colquijirca mining units, ~~partially offset by a decrease in production at our Colquijirca mining unit.~~respectively. For further information, see “Sales of goods – Mining segments”.

(e)

~~Copper sales.~~The increase in copper sales is primarily due to an increase in average realized sales prices for copper, partially offset by a decrease in the volume of copper sales, mainly due to decreased copper production at our Colquijirca mining unit.

~~(f)~~

Commercial deductions. Net sales of goods figures are obtained by deducting the refinery charges and penalties incurred. A total of US$~~253.9~~220.3 million of refinery charges and penalties were incurred in ~~2017,~~2019, compared to US$~~244.4~~192.7 million incurred in ~~2016.~~2018.

(f)

Hedge operations. Net sales of goods figures are obtained by considering the variation in the fair value of the hedge operations related to sales. A total of US$4.3 million were income in 2019, compared to an expense of US$1.3 million incurred in 2018.

(g)

Fair value of accounts receivable. Net sales of goods figures are obtained by considering the variation in the fair value of the accounts receivable. A total of US$2.3 million were income in 2019, compared to an expense of US$6.0 million incurred in 2018.

The following tables reflect the average realized prices and volumes of gold, silver, lead, zinc and copper sold during the years ended December 31, ~~2016~~2018 and ~~2017,~~2019, as well as the variation in such average realized prices and volumes recorded for ~~the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2016:~~these years:

Average Realized Price	Year ended December 31,							Year ended December 31,
	2016		2017		Variation			2018		2019		Variation
Gold (US$/oz.)		1,244.24		1,267.56		2	%		1,267.99		1,405.35		11	%
Silver (US$/oz.)		17.65		16.54		(6	)%		15.08		16.36		8	%
Lead (US$/t)		1,977.53		2,372.00		20	%		2,140.58		1,938.07		(9	)%
Zinc (US$/t)		2,266.85		3,046.19		34	%		2,680.81		2,490.6		(7	)%
Copper (US$/t)		4,918.52		6,280.47		28	%		6,277.40		5,808.47		(7	)%

Volume Sold	Year ended December 31,							Year ended December 31,
	2016		2017		Variation*			2018		2019		Variation
Gold (oz.)		354,116		403,480		14	%		324,825		180,876		(44	)%
Silver (oz.)		21,863,019		24,773,278		13	%		24,004,977		18,224,320		(24	)%
Lead (t)		29,678		40,032		35	%		39,968		45,995		15	%
Zinc (t)		62,829		61,724		(2	)%		61,424		59,953		(2	)%
Copper (t)		45,674		42,756		(6	)%		43,770		41,027		(6	)%

~~Net sales of services.~~Sales of services increased by 3%, from US$28.8 million in 2016 to US$29.7 million in 2017, mainly due to an increase in sales in the insurance brokerage segment and a decrease in sales in the engineering segment.

Net sales of services.Sales of services were in line with those of 2018 as set forth in the chart below:

Sales by services	Year ended December 31,
	2018			2019			Variation			Variation
	(US$ in thousands)
Energy generation and transmission		62,962			59,690			(3,272	)		(5	)%
Industrial Activities		19,908			19,557			(351	)		(2	)%
Insurance Brokerage		14,986			15,687			701			5	%
Holding of investments in shares		615			615			-			-	%
Adjustments and eliminations intercompany		(74,470	)		(71,888	)		2,582			(3	)%
Total sales of services		24,001			23,661			(340	)		(1	)%

Royalty income. In ~~2017,~~2019, royalty income received by our subsidiary Chaupiloma amounted to US$~~20.7~~22.3 million, representing ~~a 15% decrease~~an increase of 29% from the US$~~24.3~~20.4 million in royalty income received in ~~2016.~~2018. This ~~decrease~~increase was due to ~~a decrease~~increase in ~~production at~~the sales of Yanacocha. We hold a 60% interest in Chaupiloma, to which Yanacocha pays a royalty that corresponds to 3% of its net sales.

Total operating costs. Total operating costs ~~increased by 19% due~~in 2019 decrease in 17% compared to ~~changes~~2018 as indicated in the following ~~components:~~table:

Operating Costs	Year ended December 31,										Year ended December 31,
	2016		2017		Variation			Variation			2018		2019		Variation			Variation
	(US$ in thousands)										(US$ in thousands)
Cost of sales of goods, excluding depreciation and amortization (a)		497,812		627,433		129,621			26	%		613,381		512,874		(100,507	)		(16	)%
Cost of services, excluding depreciation and amortization (b)		10,754		12,954		2,200			20	%
Exploration in operating units		96,149		94,928		(1,221	)		(1	)%
Depreciation and amortization (c)		192,647		213,722		21,075			11	%
Cost of sales of services, excluding depreciation and amortization												4,318		3,378		(940	)		(22	)%
Depreciation and amortization (b)												238,879		226,335		(12,544	)		(5	)%
Exploration in operating units (c)												89,730		44,163		(45,567	)		(51	)%
Mining royalties (d)		27,611		31,217		3,606			13	%		21,388		12,832		(8,556	)		(40	)%
Total operating costs		824,973		980,254		155,281			19	%		967,696		799,582		(168,114	)		(17	)%

(a)

Cost of sales of goods, excluding depreciation and ~~amortization~~amortization.. The increase in the cost of sales is primarily due to (i) an increase of US$53.5 million in the cost of sales at our Tambomayo mining unit, which started operations in August 2017 and (ii) an increase in the cost of sales at our Uchucchacua and Orcopampa mining units (increases of US$24.7 million and US$18.2 million, respectively) as a consequence of an 8% increase in ore milled.

~~(b)~~

~~Cost of services, excluding depreciation and amortization~~~~. The increase~~decrease in cost of services was mainly due to increases in industrial activities and the energy generation and transmission segments as a result of higher sales during 2017. The energy generation and transmission segment had an increase in personnel expenses and maintenance costs and an increase in contractor services used in the engineering services segment.to:

~~(c)~~(i)

a decrease of US$42.2 million in our Orcopampa mining unit primarily due to the decision made by the Company’s management to cease mine production in January 2019 and reduce it since then in order to centralize the operation; prioritizing the De-Bottlenecking Program over ore extraction;

(ii)

a decrease of US$29.0 million in our La Zanja mining unit primarily due to the lower production of gold during 2019; and

(iii)

a decrease of US$23.3 million in our Uchucchacua mining unit primarily due to the strike that lasted 21 days in January 2019 and the reduced ore grades during 2019.

(b)

Depreciation and ~~amortization~~amortization.. The ~~increase~~decrease in the cost of depreciation and amortization was mainly due ~~to the net effect of an increase of US$42.8 million in the cost of sales at our Tambomayo mining unit, which started operations in August 2017, partially offset by~~ to:

(i)

a decrease of US$~~19.2~~25.0 million in ~~costs at~~ our La Zanja mining unit ~~as a result of an increase in~~primarily due to the higher useful life of the ~~mine.~~mine since January 2019, which decreased the amount depreciated for the year 2019;

(ii)

an increase of US$6.7 million in our Colquijirca mining unit primarily due to the lower production of gold during 2019; and

(iii)

an increase of US$5.2 million in our Julcani mining unit primarily due to the higher assets of retirement obligation recorded during 2019 that increased the depreciable amount.

~~(d)~~(c)

~~Mining royalties~~. The increase in mining royalties is due to an increase in the cost of royalties paid to the Peruvian State, which has a direct relationship with the increase in net sales at our Tambomayo, Orcopampa and Uchucchacua mining units.

~~Total operating expenses~~~~. Operating expenses increased by 69% due to changes in the following components:~~

Operating Expenses (Income) Year ended December 31,
2016 2017 Variation Variation
(US$ in thousands)
Administrative expenses 81,692 83,597 1,905 2 %
Exploration in non-operating areas (a) 26,589 18,262 (8,327 ) (31 )%
Selling expenses (b) 21,733 24,088 2,355 10 %
Impairment loss of long-lived assets (c) - 21,620 21,620 100 %
Provision for contingences and others (d) 565 13,879 13,314 2,356 %
Write-off of asset stripping activities (e) - 13,573 13,573 100 %
Other, net (f) (18,957 ) 13,589 32,546
n.a

Total operating expenses 111,622 188,608 76,986 69 %

~~(a)~~

Exploration in ~~non-operating areas.~~operating units. The decrease in exploration in ~~non-operating areas~~operating units is ~~mainly~~due to:

(i)

a decrease of US$20.5 million in our Orcopampa mining unit primarily due to ~~decreased expenditures~~prioritizing the De-Bottlenecking Program over exploration;

(ii)

a decrease of US$12.0 million in ~~exploration activities,~~our Uchucchacua mining unit primarily due to the strike that lasted 21 days in ~~the Tambomayo project~~January 2019; and

(iii)

a decrease of US$~~4.3~~8.9 million ~~and San Gabriel project of US$6.5 million. During 2017,~~in our ~~main efforts were focused on the start-up of the~~ Tambomayo mining ~~unit.~~unit primarily due to changes in our exploration program.

~~(b)~~(d)

~~Selling expenses.~~Mining royalties. The ~~increase~~decrease in ~~selling expenses~~mining royalties is due to a decrease of US$7.4 million in the cost of royalties paid to the Sindicato minero de Orcopampa S.A., which in turn has a direct relationship with the decrease in our net sales in our Orcopampa mining unit.

Total operating expenses. Operating expenses in 2019 were in line with those of 2018 due to changes in the following components:

Operating Expenses, net	Year ended December 31,
	2018			2019			Variation			Variation
	(US$ in thousands)
Administrative expenses		77,099			76,297			(802	)		(1	)%
Selling expenses		26,948			24,313			(2,635	)		(10	)%
Exploration in non-operating areas (a)		36,307			11,879			(24,428	)		(67	)%
Impairment loss (reversal) of long-lived assets (b)		(5,693	)		2,083			N.A.			N.A
Provision (reversal) for contingences and others (c)		(11,248	)		(2,968	)		8,280			74	%
Other, net (d)		1,308			14,715			13,407			1,025	%
Total operating expenses, net		124,721			126,319			1,598			1	%

(a)

Exploration in non-operating areas. The decrease in exploration in non-operating areas expense was mainly due to:

(i)

a decrease of US$15.8 million in our Uchucchacua mining unit due to since 2019 the expenses related to the ~~increase in volume sold~~exploration in the ~~Tambomayo~~Yumpaq project are considered assets of developing stage in contrast to the year 2018; and ~~Uchucchacua~~

(ii)

a decrease of US$5.2 million in our Colquijirca mining ~~units.~~unit due to in 2018 we focused its explorations to the Marcapunta Norte project.

(b)

Impairment reversal / loss of long-lived assets. During 2019, Buenaventura recorded a provision for US$2.1 million as a result of the analysis of the recoverable amount of its Julcani mining unit. The main factors considered in the impairment analysis were reserves and mining useful lives. During 2018, La Zanja mining unit recorded a reversal for the impairment provision for US$5.7 million as a result of the analysis of the recoverable amount.

(c)

~~Impairment loss~~Provision (reversal) for contingences and others. The variation is explained mainly because during 2018 higher reversals of ~~long-lived assets~~~~. During 2017, La Zanja~~contingences was recorded ~~an impairment loss~~ related to ~~its mining property~~provisions for obligations with the communities as a result of negotiations with our operating units in an amount of US$~~21.6~~10.2 million. ~~The principal factor in the impairment loss was the depletion of its reserves. During 2016, no impairment loss was recorded.~~In 2019, we recorded provisions related to negotiations with communities for US$1.3 million.

(d)

~~Provision for contingences and others.~~~~The increase is~~Other, net. Other net operating expenses increased from US$1.3 million in 2018 to US$14.7 million in 2019, primarily due to ~~an increase of US$14.6 million in provision for obligations with~~ the ~~communities, mainly due to the negotiations made by the Company in its operating units.~~net effect of:

~~(e)~~(i)

~~Write-off~~a decrease as result of ~~asset stripping activities~~~~. In mid-2016,~~ a ~~landslide occurred~~decrease in ~~the west wall~~gains of ~~the Tajo Norte. Consequently, we decided not to mine this area~~US$33.7 million recorded in 2018 by El Brocal due to ~~stability~~the receipt of recovery income from an insurance claim. Total compensations for lost profits and ~~operational design issues. According~~consequential damages amounted to ~~the distribution of reserves, this area (Phase 10) contained 5.5 MT of ore and 9.2 MT of waste valued at~~ US$~~13.5~~38.8 million, which were ~~written-off~~partially offset by costs associated with mitigation, repair and ~~withdrawn from the reserves.~~cost overruns of US$5.1 million. This transaction was not repeated in 2019;

~~(f)~~(ii)

~~Other net~~~~. Other net decreased from~~ an increase as a result of a loss recorded in 2018 of US$4.1 million in related to the sale of our subsidiary, Buenaventura Ingenieros S.A. This transaction was not repeated in 2019; and

(iii)

an income of US$~~18.9~~14.8 million in ~~2016 to an expense of US$13.6 million in 2017, primarily due to extraordinary incomes recorded in 2016 that did not occur in 2017, including reversal of contingences in La Zanja,~~Consorcio Energético de Huancavelica S.A. mainly explained by the sale of ~~assets~~the systems in the ~~energy segment~~areas of Huancavelica, Trujillo, Cajamarca, Callalli – Ares and ~~reversal of provision~~Lorema with Conelsur LT S.A.C. for ~~impairment of inventories and recovery of insurances. In addition, in 2017 the Company recorded expenses of~~ US$3.0 million, which were mainly related to damage of equipment in El Brocal, not recognized by the insurance company, losses in sales in investments of US$1.6 million, administrative sanctions of US$1.2 million and provision for impairment of inventories of US$0.5 million, among others.21.0 million.

Other income (expense), net. Other ~~expense,~~income (expense), net ~~decreased~~changed from ~~an expense~~a loss in 2018 of US$~~387.4~~31.3 million to an income of US$14.5 million in ~~2016 to an expense of US$13.0 million in 2017, mainly due to:~~2019:

Other income (expense) Year ended December 31,
2016 2017 Variation Variation
(US$ in thousands)
Shares in the results of associates under equity method (a) (365,321 ) 13,207 378,528 n.a.
Finance costs (b) (31,580 ) (34,623 ) (3,043 ) 10 %
Finance income (c) 6,830 5,517 (1,313 ) (19 )%
Net gain (loss) from currency exchange difference (d) 2,638 2,928 291 11 %
Total operating expenses (387,433 ) (12,971 ) 374,462 (2,887 )%

Other income (expense), net	Year ended December 31,
	2018			2019			Variation			Variation
	(US$ in thousands)
Shares in the results of associates and joint ventures (a)		(1,144	)		47,710			N.A.			N.A.	%
Finance income		9,685			9,675			(10	)		-	%
Finance costs		(38,422	)		(42,173	)		(3,751	)		10	%
Net gain (loss) from currency exchange difference		(1,384	)		(734	)		650			(47	)%
Total other income (expense), net		(31,265	)		14,478			N.A.			N.A.	%

(a)

Shares in the results of associates ~~under equity method~~.and joint ventures. Shares in the results of associates ~~under the equity method increased~~and joint ventures changed from a loss of US$~~365.3~~1.1 million in ~~2016~~2018 to a gain of US$~~13.2~~47.7 million in ~~2017,~~2019. The variation is primarily due to ~~(i)~~the net ~~loss from~~effect of an ~~83%~~increase of US$53.0 million in our share in results of Cerro Verde; partially offset by a US$6.0 million decrease in our ~~interest~~share in Yanacocha ~~from US$455.6 million in 2016 to US$76.6 million in 2017, (ii) net income from~~as a 3% increase in our interest in Cerro Verde, from US$66.8 million in 2016 to US$68.5 million in 2017, and (iii) net income from a 10% decrease in our interest in Coimolache, from US$23.5 million in 2016 to US$21.3 million in 2017.result of the higher losses of this associate.

The decrease in our interest in Coimolache is explained by the US$6.1 million decrease in the net income of Coimolache, mainly due to an increase of US$6.8 million in depreciation and amortization costs (as a result of the decrease in the life of the mine) and a US$1.7 million increase in the accrual of the present value for mine closure.

See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Yanacocha” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Cerro Verde” for more information.

~~(b)~~

~~Finance costs.~~Finance costs increased by 9%, from US$31.6 million in 2016 to US$34.6 million in 2017, primarily due to the net effect of higher interest expenses related to a long-term finance contract entered into by Buenaventura in June 2016. During 2017, this contract generated a US$5.8 million increase in interest, partially offset by a decrease of US$2.4 million in the fair value of the contingent consideration liability due to the fair value resulting in finance income in 2017. See Note 26 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~(c)~~

~~Finance income.~~Finance income decreased by 19%, from US$6.8 million in 2016 to US$5.5 million in 2017, due to the net effect of a decrease of US$2.5 million in the income from interest on loans to associates as a result of the advance payment of the long-term loan held with Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A. in the second quarter of 2017, partially offset by an increase of US$1.8 million in the fair value of the contingent consideration liability due to higher projected revenues, which resulted in a lower provision in 2017 and therefore a finance income. See Note 26 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~(d)~~

~~Gain (loss) from currency exchange difference.~~The currency exchange difference increased from US$2.6 million in 2016 to US$2.9 million in 2017 as a result of the variations detailed in “Item 3.—Key Information—A. Selected Financial Data—Exchange Rates.”

Income tax. ~~Provision~~Provisions for income tax ~~decreased by 66%,~~changed from an expense of US$~~53.5~~26.9 million in ~~2016~~2018 to an income US$~~18.0~~25.6 million in ~~2017,~~2019, due to ~~a decrease of US$19.9 million and US$15.6 million in the provision for deferred income tax and current income tax, respectively. The variation in~~ the deferred income tax, ~~is primarily due~~which changed from an expense of US$10.0 in 2018 to an ~~increase~~income of US$~~10.4 million and US$7.8 million~~37.5 in ~~deferred income tax at the La Zanja and Buenaventura mining units, respectively, which~~2019. The variation is mainly ~~due to the lower deferred liability related to~~explained by the effect of ~~translation~~the exchanges into U.S. ~~dollars.~~dollars which were an expense of US$15.3 million in 2018 compared to an income of US$15.0 in 2019 resulting from the fluctuation of the exchange rates as well as the pretax income for each of the years analyzed from a pretax income of US$15 million in 2018, compared to a pretax loss of US$54 million in 2019.

The variation in the current income tax is primarily due to a decrease of US$14.7 million and US$7.0 million in the provision at the La Zanja and at Buenaventura mining units, respectively, partially offset by an increase of US$7.4 million at El Brocal due to the results of such unit in 2017 as compared to 2016.

Non-controlling interest income (loss). Non-controlling interest income ~~increased~~decreased from a gain of US$1.8 million in 2018 to a loss of US$~~4.3~~16.2 million in ~~2016 to a gain of US$3.6 million in 2017,~~2019, primarily due to ~~the net effect of an increase in the contribution of profits from the El Brocal unit of US$17.7 million, partially offset by~~ a decrease of US$~~8.3 million and US$1.1~~16.3 million in the ~~contribution~~non-controlling interest of ~~profits from La Zanja and Chaupiloma, respectively.~~El Brocal as a result of the net losses of this subsidiary. See Note 18(a) to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Net income (loss). As a result of the foregoing, net results ~~increased~~decreased from a loss of US$~~327.8~~11.7 million in ~~2016~~2018 to ~~an income~~a loss of US$~~64.4~~28.5 million in ~~2017.~~2019. Net ~~loss was 30.7%~~losses were 1% and 3% of revenues in ~~2016~~2018 and ~~net profit was 5% of revenues in 2017.~~2019.

Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018 by Segment

We present the operating results for each of our operating segments for the years ended December 31, ~~2016~~2018 and ~~2017~~2019 in more detail in Note 3031 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Sales of goods – Mining Segments

The following tables set forth the volumes of gold, silver, lead, zinc and copper sold at each of our ~~principal~~ mining segments during the years ended December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, as well as the variation in such volumes sold for the year ended December 31, ~~2017~~2019 as compared to the year ended December 31, ~~2016:~~2018:

Mining Segment	Volume Sold for the year ended December 31, 2017										Volume Sold for the year ended December 31, 2019 (Unaudited)
	Gold (oz.)		Silver (oz.)		Lead (t)		Zinc (t)		Copper (t)		Gold (oz.)		Silver (oz.)		Lead (t)		Zinc (t)		Copper (t)
Julcani		21		2,466,846		1,916		-		32		179		2,480,173		839		-		14
Mallay		346		993,040		3,804		5,926		-
Orcopampa		195,278		574,591		-		-		91		40,702		15,049		-		-		-
Uchucchacua		201		15,583,553		13,127		10,281		-		-		9,808,791		15,347		15,315		-
Tambomayo		63,130		1,621,611		1,769		2,398		-		96,636		2,318,435		7,211		7,850		-
La Zanja		128,622		279,737		-		-		-		30,710		80,880
Colquijirca		15,882		3,253,900		19,416		43,119		42,633		12,649		3,520,992		22,598		36,788		41,013

Mining Segment	Volume Sold for the year ended December 31, 2016										Unaudited Volume Sold for the year ended December 31, 2018
	Gold (oz.)		Silver (oz.)		Lead (t)		Zinc (t)		Copper (t)		Gold (oz.)		Silver (oz.)		Lead (t)		Zinc (t)		Copper (t)
Julcani		32		3,090,967		2,679		-		54		11		2,368,497		915		-		17
Mallay		1,041		1,426,986		6,775		8,728		-
Orcopampa		188,511		680,708		-		-		48		116,719		335,761		-		-		42
Uchucchacua		279		14,739,128		8,349		5,295		-		216		14,443,456		17,071		16,811		-
Tambomayo												119,211		3,570,382		3,268		7,143		-
La Zanja		151,189		229,055		-		-		-		74,370		228,894		-		-		-
Colquijirca		13,062		1,696,175		11,874		48,806		45,572		14,297		3,058,987		18,713		37,470		43,710

Mining Segment	2017 vs 2016 Change (%)															2019 vs 2018 Change (%)
	Gold (oz.)			Silver (oz.)			Lead (t)			Zinc (t)			Copper (t)			Gold (oz.)			Silver (oz.)			Lead (t)			Zinc (t)			Copper (t)
Julcani		(34	)%		(20	)%		(28	)%		-			(41	)%		1527	%		5	%		-8	%			%		-18	%
Mallay		(67	)%		(30	)%		(44	)%		(32	)%		-
Orcopampa		4	%		(16	)%		-			-			90	%		-65	%		-96	%			%			%		-100	%
Uchucchacua		(28	)%		6	%		57	%		94	%		-			-100	%		-32	%		-10	%		-9	%			%
Tambomayo		n. a.			n. a.			n. a.			n. a.			n. a.			-19	%		-35	%		121	%		10	%			%
La Zanja		(15	)%		22	%		-			-			-			-59	%		-65	%			%			%			%
Colquijirca		22	%		92	%		64	%		(12	)%		(6	)%		-12	%		15	%		21	%		-2	%		-6	%

The change in sales of goods for the year ended December 31, ~~2017~~2019 as compared to the year ended December 31, ~~2016~~2018 is mainly explained by the changes in volume sold, as presented in the following chart:

Sales of goods – Mining Segments	Year ended December 31,										Year ended December 31,
	2016		2017		Variation			Variation			2018		2019		Variation			Variation
	(US$ in thousands)										(US$ in thousands)
Julcani (a)		54,666		42,785		(11,881	)		(22	)%		34,104		40,082		5,978			18	%
Mallay (b)	��	46,741		36,736		(10,005	)		(21	)%
Orcopampa		244,745		256,960		12,215			5	%
Orcopampa (b)												153,003		58,902		(94,101	)		(62	)%
Ucchuchacua (c)		240,470		272,334		31,864			13	%		257,282		186,016		(71,266	)		(28	)%
Tambomayo (d)		-		118,966		118,966			n. a.			225,281		188,175		(37,106	)		(16	)%
La Zanja (e)		178,922		165,319		(13,603	)		(8	)%		96,611		43,520		(53,091	)		(55	)%
Colquijirca (f)		230,611		322,653		92,042			40	%		333,560		299,252		(34,308	)		(10	)%

(a)

Julcani. Net sales of goods increased by US$6.0 million in 2019 as compared to 2018 due to an 11% increase in the average realized price and a 5% increase in the quantity of silver sold at that unit mainly explained by the higher ore milled in 14% partially offset by a 6% decrease in the ore grade (23.35 oz/mt in 2018 compared to 21.90 oz/mt in 2019).

(b)

Orcopampa. Net sales of goods decreased by US$~~11.9~~94.1 million in ~~2017~~2019 as compared to ~~2016~~2018 due to a 9%96% and 65% decrease in the amount of silver and gold sold, respectively, at that unit, mainly explained by our strategy to prioritize Orcopampa’s De-Bottlenecking Program over ore extraction.

(c)

Uchucchacua. Net sales of goods decreased by US$71.3 million in 2019 as compared to 2018. The decreased is explained by aan 8% decrease in the average realized price and a ~~20%~~32% decrease in the ~~amount~~quantity of silver sold at that ~~unit.~~

unit mainly explained by the lower ounces produced due to the 21-day strike in January 2019.

(d)

~~(b)~~

~~Mallay.~~

Tambomayo. Net sales of goods decreased by US$~~10.0~~37.1 million in ~~2017~~2019 as compared to ~~2016 due to~~2018. The decreased is explained by a ~~6% decrease in the average realized price~~19% and ~~a 30% decrease in the amount of silver sold at that unit.~~

~~(c)~~

~~Uchucchacua.~~~~Net sales of goods increased by US$31.9 million in 2017 as compared to 2016 due to a 7% decrease in the average realized price and a 6% increase in the amount of silver sold at that unit.~~

~~(d)~~

~~Tambomayo.~~~~This mining unit started commercial operations in August 2017. Net sales of goods amounted to US$119.0 million in 2017 at that unit.~~

~~(e)~~

~~La Zanja.~~~~Net sales of goods decreased by US$13.6 million in 2017 as compared to 2016 due to the net effect of a 15%~~35% decrease in the amount of gold ~~sold~~ and ~~an increase in the average realized gold price at that unit.~~

~~(f)~~

~~Colquijirca.~~Net sales of goods increased by US$92.0 million in 2017 as compared to 2016 due to the net effect of an increase of 28% in the average realized copper price and a decrease of 6% in the amount of coppersilver sold at that ~~unit.~~unit mainly explained by the lower ore grades in 2019 of 25%, compared to 44% in 2018.

(e)	La Zanja. Net sales of goods decreased by US$53.1 million in 2019 as compared to 2018 due to the effect of a 59% decrease in the quantity of gold sold mainly explained by a 65% decrease in ounces produced.

~~Sales of services – Other Segments~~

~~Sales of services - construction and engineering segment.~~~~Net sales for the construction and engineering segment decreased by US$1.2 million in 2017 as compared to 2016 due to a decrease in sales of BISA.~~

~~Sales of services - insurance brokerage segment.~~~~Net sales for the insurance brokerage segment increased by US$2.1 million in 2017 as compared to 2016 due to an increase in sales of agency commissions.~~

Total operating expenses – Mining Segments. The change in operating expenses for the year ended December 31, ~~2017~~2019 as compared to the year ended December 31, ~~2016~~2018 is mainly explained by:

Operating Expenses – Mining Segments	Year ended December 31,										Year ended December 31,
	2016		2017		Variation			Variation			2018		2019		Variation		Variation
	(US$ in thousands)										(US$ in thousands)
Julcani		5,983		5,346		(637	)		(11	)%		2,983		6,971		3,988		134	%
Mallay		4,580		4,474		(106	)		(2	)%
Orcopampa (a)		14,121		20,013		5,892			42	%		19,382		13,570		(5,812)		(30)	%
Ucchuchacua (b)		15,632		37,066		21,434			137	%		49,840		29,855		(19,985)		(40)	%
Tambomayo (c)		-		14,917		14,917			n.a
La Zanja (d)		3,300		30,525		27,225			825	%
Colquijirca (e)		24,115		42,446		18,331			76	%
Tambomayo												25,204		24,092		(1,112)		(4)	%
La Zanja												4,254		6,545		2,291		54	%
Colquijirca (c)												452		26,221		25,769		5,701	%

(a)

~~Orcopampa~~Orcopampa. The decrease in total operating expenses was mainly due to the net effect of.

(i) lower administrative expenses in US$9.9 million; partially offset by

(ii) higher expenses in the others net caption in US$4.7 million mainly related to the expenses incurred as a result of the cease mine production of January 2019.

(b)

Uchucchacua. The decrease in total operating expenses was mainly due to the net effect of

(i) lower exploration in non-operating areas expenses in US$15.8 million due to expenses of the Yumpaq project are capitalized and considered as part of the caption “Mining concessions, development costs, right-of-use asset, property, plant and equipment, net” since 2019.

(ii) lower administrative expenses in US$8.0 million; partially offset by

(iii) a reversal of US$7.0 million related to negotiations made with communities.

(c)	Colquijirca. The increase in total operating expenses was mainly due to ~~an increase in administrative expenses~~the net effect of ~~US$4.5 million.~~

~~(b)~~

~~Uchucchacua.~~ ~~The~~(i) the increase in total operating expenses in 2019 was mainly due to ~~an increase~~the recovery income of the insurance claim that occurred in El Brocal during 2018. During 2018, El Brocal recorded a recovery income of the insurance claim that occurred in the rotor 2 of the 20x30 mill and the conveyor belt related to the incident that occurred in May 2017. Total compensations, lost profits and consequential damages is US$~~8.2~~38.8 million. Because of the associated cost for mitigation, repair and cost overruns of US$5.1 million, El Brocal recorded a net gain of US$33.7 million.

(ii) a reversal of US$2.1 million in the provision for ~~contingencies, an increase~~contingences of 2019 compared with a provision of US$~~6.2~~3.7 million in ~~administrative expenses, an increase of US$2.7 million in~~2018.

(iii) lower explorations in non-operating areas ~~and an increase of~~expenses in US$~~1.4~~5.2 million ~~in selling expenses.~~compared with 2018.

~~(c)~~

~~Tambomayo.~~ ~~This mining unit started commercial operations in August 2017.~~

~~(d)~~

~~La Zanja.~~ ~~The increase in total operating expenses was mainly due to an impairment loss of long-lived assets of US$21.6 million. See Note 11(b) of the Consolidated Financial Statements.~~

~~(e)~~

~~Colquijirca.~~ ~~The increase in total operating expenses was mainly due to a write-off of asset stripping activities of US$13.6 million. See Note 11(e) of the Consolidated Financial Statements.~~

Total operating expenses - Other Segments

Operating expenses – Other Segments Year ended December 31,
2016 2017 Variation Variation
Insurance brokerage segment (12,245 ) (12,292 ) (47 ) -
Exploration and development mining projects (a) (12,554 ) (9,126 ) 3,428 27 %
Corporate (7,158 ) (6,410 ) 748 10 %
Energy generation and transmission segment (b) 6,953 (3,469 ) (10,422 ) n. a.
Construction and engineering segment (2,580 ) (2,377 ) 203 8 %
Industrial activities (1,243 ) (1,762 ) (519 ) (42 )%
Holding of investment in shares (243 ) (413 ) (170 ) (70 )%
Rental of mining concessions (101 ) (91 ) 10 10 %

~~(a)~~

During 2017, the exploration and development mining projects segment recorded a decrease as a result of the net effect of a US$6.8 million decrease in the explorations in non-operating areas, partially offset by an increase of US$3.3 million in provision in contingences and others.

~~(b)~~

During 2017, the energy generation and transmission segment recorded a decrease due to US$17.0 million from sales of assets to third parties and intercompany sales recorded in 2016 compared to no sales recorded in 2017.

Operating expenses (income) – Other Segments	Year ended December 31,
	2018		2019			Variation			Variation
Insurance brokerage segment		11,900		11,607			(293	)		2	%
Corporate (a)		4,060		11,005			6,945			171	%
Exploration and development mining projects		242		2,965			2,723			1,125	%
Energy generation and transmission segment (b)		4,639		(8,791	)		N.A.			N.A.
Industrial activities		2,355		2,293			(62	)		3	%
Holding of investment in shares		2,261		284			(1,977	)		87	%
Rental of mining concessions		220		53			(167	)		(76	)%

	(a)	Corporate.The increase was mainly due to the net effect of higher administrative expenses of US$7.3 million; mainly explained by the higher billing of 2018 in the administrative services rendered to others compared to 2019.
	(b)	Energy generation and transmission segment. The variation from an expense to an income in total operating expenses was mainly due to the effect of the sale of energy transmission systems in the areas of Huancavelica, Trujillo, Cajamarca, Callalli – Ares and Lorema resulting in a net sale of US$13.3 million recorded in the “Others, net” caption in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, ~~2016~~2018 and ~~2015~~

2017

~~Net sales of goods.~~~~Net sales of goods increased by 20%, mainly due to the increase in sales of metal, as set forth in the chart below:~~

Sales by metal Year ended December 31,
2015 2016 Variation Variation
(US$ in thousands)
Gold (a) 419,541 440,603 21,062 5.02 %
Silver (b) 313,418 385,989 72,571 23.15 %
Lead (c) 55,445 58,690 3,245 5.85 %
Zinc (d) 102,110 142,425 40,315 39.48 %
Copper (e) 131,356 224,649 93,293 71.02 %
Manganese sulfate 3,649 5,982 2,333 63.94 %
1,025,519 1,258,338 232,819 22.70 %
Commercial deductions (f) (196,145 ) (244,414 ) 48,269 24.61 %
Adjustments to prior period liquidations 7,467 4,611 (2,856 ) (38.25 )%
Embedded derivatives from sale of concentrate (388 ) 880 1,268 n.a.
Hedge operations 9,816 (3,745 ) (13,561 )
n.a.

Total sales by metal 846,269 1,015,670 169,401 20.02 %

~~(a)~~

~~Gold sales.~~ The increase in gold sales is mainly due to the net effect of an increase in average realized sales prices for gold, partially offset by a decrease in gold sales volume due to a decrease in gold production at the Orcopampa mining unit.

~~(b)~~

~~Silver sales~~~~. The increase in silver sales is mainly due to an increase in the average realized sales prices for silver and an increase in silver production at our Uchucchacua, Mallay and Julcani mining units.~~

~~(c)~~

~~Lead sales~~. The increase in lead sales is mainly due to the net effect of an increase in the average realized sales prices, partially offset by a decrease in lead sales volume, mainly due to decreased lead production in our Colquijirca mining unit.

~~(d)~~

~~Zinc sales.~~The increase in zinc sales is mainly due to an increase of average realized sales prices for zinc and an increase in zinc sales volume, mainly due to increased zinc production at our Colquijirca mining unit.

~~(e)~~

~~Copper sales.~~The increase in copper sales is mainly due to an increase in average realized sales prices for copper and an increase in copper sales volume, mainly due to increased copper production at our Colquijirca mining unit.

~~(f)~~

~~Commercial deductions~~. Net sales of goods figures are obtained by deducting the refinery charges and penalties incurred (a total of US$244.4 million of refinery charges and penalties were incurred in 2016, compared to US$196.2 million incurred in 2015) and revenues from discontinued operations (a total of US$1.1 million revenues provided from mining units held for sales in 2016, compared to US$22.7 million provided in 2015) from the gross sales of all metals sold. See Note 20(a) and Note 1(e) to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~The following tables reflect the average realized prices~~See “Item 5. Operating and ~~volumes~~Financial Review and Prospects” in our 2018 20-F for a comparative discussion of ~~gold, silver, lead, zinc and copper sold during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, as well as the variation in such average realized prices and volumes recorded~~our consolidated results of operations for the year ended December 31, ~~2016 as compared~~2018 and 2017.

B.	Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of US$210.0 million and of US$369.2 million, respectively.

The Group believes that maintains suitable levels of cash and cash equivalents and has sufficient credit capacity to get access to lines of credit in leading financial entities. In addition, On April 2, 2020, we entered into a second amendment to the ~~year~~Syndicated Term Loan of US$ 275 million with a 30-month grace period and semiannual installments starting in October 2022.

Cash provided by operating activities for the years ended December 31, ~~2015:~~2019 and 2018. Net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities decreased by US$299.2 million, primarily due to the changes shown in the chart below:

Average Realized Price Year ended December 31,
2015 2016 Variation
Gold (US$/oz.) 1,151.44 1,244.24 8.20 %
Silver (US$/oz.) 15.06 17.65 17.20 %
Lead (US$/t) 1,711.87 1,977.53 15.52 %
Zinc (US$/t) 1,838.86 2,266.85 23.27 %
Copper (US$/t) 4,514.93 4,918.52 8.94 %

Operating activities cash flows	Year ended December 31,
	2018			2019			Variation			Variation
	(US$ in thousands)
Proceeds from sales (a)		1,216,294			783,000			(433,294	)		(36	)%
Value-added tax and other taxes recovered (b)		106,656			45,712			(60,944	)		(57	)%
Dividends received (c)		46,792			33,388			(13,404	)		(29	)%
Royalty received		20,013			23,001			2,988			15	%
Interest received		2,383			4,265			1,882			79	%
Proceeds from insurance claim (d)		38,793			-			(38,793	)		(100	)%
Payments to suppliers and third parties (e)		(861,282	)		(610,737	)		250,545			(29	)%
Payments to employees (f)		(151,602	)		(137,300	)		14,302			(9	)%
Payments for tax litigation (g)		-			(36,322	)		(36,322	)		100	%
Interest paid		(27,699	)		(28,266	)		(567	)		2	%
Income tax paid (h)		(30,898	)		(24,935	)		5,963			(19	)%
Payments of mining royalties (h)		(13,190	)		(4,741	)		8,449			(64	)%
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in) operating activities		346,260			47,065			(299,195	)		86	%

(a)	The decrease in the proceeds from sales was mainly due to lower sales and production of the Company’s mining units, as described in Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 by Segment.

Volume Sold Year ended December 31,
2015 2016 Variation*
Gold (oz.) 364,831 354,116 (2.94 )%
Silver (oz.) 20,811,046 21,863,019 (0.05 )%
Lead (t) 32,389 29,678 (8.37 )%
Zinc (t) 55,529 62,829 13.15 %
Copper (t) 29,094 45,674 56.99 %

~~Net sales of services.~~Sales of services decreased by 43.3%, from US$50.8 million in 2015 to US$28.8 million in 2016, mainly due to a decrease in sales of services in our construction segment as a result of Bisa Construccion S.A. ceasing operations.

~~Royalty income~~~~. In 2016, royalty income received by our subsidiary Chaupiloma amounted to US$24.3 million, representing a 25% decrease from the US$32.4 million in royalty income received in 2015. This~~
(b)
The recovery of the value-added tax is affected by the variations in foreign sales. During 2019, the recovery of value-added tax decrease was due to a decrease in the average realized price of gold and a decrease in production at Yanacocha. We hold a 60% interest in Chaupiloma, to which Yanacocha pays a royalty that corresponds to 3% of its net sales.
~~Total operating costs~~~~. Total operating costs decreased by 10.6% due to changes in the following components:~~
Operating Costs Year ended December 31,
2015 2016 Variation Variation
(US$ in thousands)
Cost of sales of goods, excluding depreciation and amortization 513,490 497,812 (15,678 ) (3.05 )%
Cost of services, excluding depreciation and amortization (a) 59,612 10,754 (48,858 ) (81.96 )%
Exploration in operating units (b). 89,699 96,149 6,450 7.19 %
Depreciation and amortization (c). 232,583 192,647 (39,936 ) (17.17 )%
Mining royalties 27,188 27,611 423 1.56 %
Total operating costs 922,572 824,973 (97,599 ) (10.58 )%
~~(a)~~ ~~The decrease in cost of services was mainly due to reduced costs from our construction segment as~~ a result of ~~Bisa Construccion S.A. ceasing operations~~the Company’s lower sales from its mining units, as described in Results of Operations for the ~~fourth quarter of 2015.~~Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 by Segment.

~~(b)~~ The increase in exploration in operating units was primarily due to an increase of US$3.6 million in the Uchucchacua mining unit and an increase of US$3.4 million in the Orcopampa mining unit from exploring additional mining reserves. See Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(c) ~~The decrease in depreciation and amortization costs was mainly due to:~~
· lower depreciation and amortization expense incurred in the La Zanja mining unit of US$37.5 million, which decreased from US$105.0 million in 2015 to US$67.5 million in 2016 as a result of the decrease in the reserves during 2015 which caused higher depreciation and amortization expenses during 2015 and, therefore, fewer net assets to be depreciated during 2016;
· higher depreciation and amortization expenses incurred in the Colquijirca mining unit of US$7.9 million, which increased from US$45.7 million in 2015 to US$53.6 million in 2016 as a result of a higher asset base due to the expansion project for increased production; and
· lower depreciation and amortization expenses in the Orcopampa, Julcani and Mallay mining units of US$5.9 million, US$4.6 million and US$4.1 million, respectively, as a result of an increase in the reserves that extended the life of the mine of the depreciation and amortization period during 2016.
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~~Total operating expenses~~~~. Operating expenses decreased by 22.42% due to changes in the following components:~~
Operating Expenses (Income) Year ended December 31,
2015 2016 Variation Variation
(US$ in thousands)
Administrative expenses (a) 84,372 81,692 (2,680 ) (3.18 )%
Exploration in non-operating areas (b) 30,610 26,589 (4,021 ) (13.14 )%
Selling expenses 19,365 21,733 2,368 12.23 %
Impairment loss of long-lived assets (c) 3,803 - (3,803 ) (100.00 )%
Other, net (d) 5,735 (18,392 ) (24,127 )
N.A.

Total operating expenses (income) 143,885 111,622 (32,263 ) (22.42 )%
~~(a)~~ The decrease in administrative expenses was mainly due to a decrease of US$7.4 million in the Colquijirca mining unit due to a reduction of costs, partially offset by an increase of US$1.6 million in payments to communities surrounding the Julcani mining unit and an increase of US$2.2 million related to a provision of doubtful accounts in Colquirrumi related to accounts receivable for sales of assets.
~~(b)~~ The decrease in exploration in non-operating areas is mainly due to decreased expenditures in exploration activities, primarily in the Alejandra project. During 2016, our main exploration efforts were focused on the San Gabriel project, the Tambomayo project and Marcapunta Norte. See Note 25 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
~~(c)~~ ~~During 2016, no impairment loss was recorded.~~
~~(d)~~ ~~The variation in other expenses was mainly due to the reversal of contingences in La Zanja, sale of assets in the energy segment and reversal of provision for impairment of inventories during 2016.~~
~~Other income (expense), net.~~ ~~Other income (expense), net increased by 90% from US$203.6 million in 2015 to US$387.4 million in 2016, mainly explained by:~~
~~(a)~~ ~~Share in the results of associates under equity method~~. Loss from equity investments in associates increased by 111%, from US$173.4 million in 2015 to US$365.3 million in 2016, primarily due to an increase in net loss from our equity investment in our associate company, Yanacocha, partially offset by an increase in net income from our equity investment in Cerro Verde.
Net loss from our interest in Yanacocha increased by 132%, from US$196.5 million in 2015 to US$455.6 million in 2016. Net income from our interest in Cerro Verde increased by 928%, from US$6.5 million in 2015 to US$66.8 million in 2016. Finally, net income from our interest in Coimolache increased by 41%, from US$16.6 million in 2015 to US$23.5 million in 2016.
~~See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Yanacocha” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Cerro Verde” for more information.~~
~~(b)~~ ~~Finance costs.~~Finance costs increased by 15%, from US$27.6 million in 2015 to US$31.6 million in 2016, primarily due to an increase of US$3.7 million in the fair value of the contingent consideration liability due to higher projected revenues. See Note 26 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
~~(c)~~ ~~Finance income.~~Finance income decreased by 38%, from US$11.0 million in 2015 to US$6.8 million in 2016 due to a decrease of US$6.0 million in the changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration liability, which resulted in a higher provision during 2016 and therefore a higher finance cost (lower provision during 2015).
~~(d)~~ ~~Gain (loss) from currency exchange difference.~~During 2016, the currency exchange difference increased from a loss of US$13.7 million to an income of US$2.6 million as a result of the variations detailed in “Item 3.—Key Information—A. Selected Financial Data—Exchange Rates.”
73
~~Income tax~~. Provision for income tax increased by 262%, from US$14.8 million in 2015 to US$53.5 million in 2016, primarily due to an increase in the provision for income tax at the La Zanja and at the Buenaventura mining units of US$24.0 million and US$19.6 million, respectively, due to showing net losses during 2015.
~~Non-controlling interest income (loss)~~. Non-controlling interest income increased from a loss of US$58.3 million in 2015 to a loss of US$4.3 million in 2016, primarily due to an increase in the contribution of profits from the La Zanja and El Brocal units of US$34.8 million and US$21.6 million, respectively. See Note 18(a) to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
~~Net loss~~~~. As a result of the foregoing, net loss decreased from US$375.5 million in 2015 to US$327.8 million in 2016. Net loss was 40.4% of revenues in 2015 and 30.7% of revenues in 2016.~~
~~Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 by Segment~~
~~We present the operating results for each of our operating segments for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016 in more detail in Note 30 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.~~
~~Sales of goods – Mining Segments~~
The following tables set forth the volumes of gold, silver, lead, zinc and copper sold at each of our principal mining segments during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, as well as the variation in such volumes sold for the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2015:
Mining Segment Volume Sold for the year ended December 31, 2016
Gold (oz.) Silver (oz.) Lead (t) Zinc (t) Copper (t)
Julcani 32 3,090,967 2,679 - 54
Mallay 1,041 1,426,986 6,775 8,728 -
Orcopampa 188,511 680,708 - - 48
Uchucchacua 279 14,739,128 8,349 5,295 -
La Zanja 151,189 229,055 - - -
Colquijirca 13,062 1,696,175 11,874 48,806 45,572
Mining Segment Volume Sold for the year ended December 31, 2015
Gold (oz.) Silver (oz.) Lead (t) Zinc (t) Copper (t)
Julcani 94 3,493,166 2,478 - 103
Mallay 396 1,134,528 6,612 7,482 -
Orcopampa 214,821 555,314 - - -
Uchucchacua 38 12,666,673 6,560 4,750 -
La Zanja 142,300 324,151 - - -
Colquijirca 7,181 2,637,215 16,739 43,297 28,991
Mining Segment 2016 vs 2015 Change (%)
Gold (oz.) Silver (oz.) Lead (t) Zinc (t) Copper (t)
Julcani (66 )% (12 )% 8 % - (48 )%
Mallay 163 % 26 % 2 % 17 % -
Orcopampa (12 )% 23 % - - (100 )%
Uchucchacua 634 % 16 % 27 % 11 % -
La Zanja 6 % (29 )% - - -
Colquijirca 82 % (36 )% (29 )% 13 % 57 %
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The change in sales of goods for the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2015 is mainly explained by the changes in volume sold, as presented in the following chart:
Sales of goods – Mining Segments Year ended December 31,
2015 2016 Variation Variation
(US$ in thousands)
Julcani 50,254 54,666 4,412 8.78 %
Mallay (a) 32,018 46,741 14,723 45.98 %
Orcopampa 254,118 244,745 (9,373 ) (3.69 )%
Ucchuchacua (b) 166,055 240,470 74,415 44.81 %
La Zanja 161,007 178,922 17,915 11.13 %
Colquijirca (c) 171,294 230,611 59,317 34.63 %
~~(a)~~ ~~Mallay.~~~~Net sales of goods increased by US$14.7 million in 2016 as compared to 2015 due to increases in the average realized price and amount of silver sold at that unit.~~
~~(b)~~ ~~Uchucchacua.~~~~Net sales of goods increased by US$74.4 million in 2016 as compared to 2015 due to a 16% increase in the amount of silver sold and an increase in the average realized silver price.~~
~~(c)~~ ~~Colquijirca.~~~~Net sales of goods increased by US$59.3 million in 2016 as compared to 2015 due to a 57% increase in the amount of copper sold and an increase in the average realized copper price.~~
~~Sales of services – Other Segments~~
~~Sales of services - construction and engineering segment.~~Net sales for the construction and engineering segment decreased by US$36.1 million in 2016 as compared to 2015 due to a decrease of US$22.0 million from the stoppage of BISA Construcción S.A. operations.
~~Sales of services - insurance brokerage segment.~~Net sales for the insurance brokerage segment increased by US$0.7 million in 2016 as compared to 2015 due to an increase in the number of clients in the insurance portfolio due to our strategic associations with smaller brokers.
~~Sales of services - energy generation and transmission segment~~~~. Net sales for the energy and transmission segment increased by US$9.0 million in 2016 as compared to 2015 due to the increase in the demand for energy from our other operating segments.~~
~~Total operating expenses – Mining Segments~~~~. The change in operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2015 is mainly explained by:~~
Operating Expenses – Mining Segments Year ended December 31,
2015 2016 Variation Variation
(US$ in thousands)
Julcani 4,803 5,983 1,180 24.57 %
Mallay 3,571 4,580 1,009 28.26 %
Orcopampa (a) 18,731 14,121 (4,610 ) (24.61 )%
Ucchuchacua (b) 12,455 15,632 3,177 25.51 %
La Zanja (c) 16,902 3,300 (13,602 ) (80.48 )%
Colquijirca (d) 33,260 24,115 (9,145 ) (27.50 )%
~~(a)~~ ~~Orcopampa~~~~. The decrease in total operating expenses was mainly due to a decrease in administrative expenses of US$2.9 million.~~
~~(b)~~ ~~Uchucchacua.~~ ~~The increase in total operating expenses was mainly due to an increase in administrative expenses of US$2.5 million.~~
~~(c)~~ ~~La Zanja.~~ The decrease in total operating expenses was mainly due to a decrease in exploration in non-operating areas of US$4.3 million, which were partially offset by a decrease in impairment losses of US$3.8 million due to no impairment loss in 2016.
~~(d)~~ ~~Colquijirca.~~ ~~The decrease in total operating expenses was mainly due to a decrease in administrative expenses of US$7.4 million and a decrease in other expenses (income) net of US$2.4 million.~~
75
~~Total operating expenses - Other Segments~~
Operating expenses – Other Segments Year ended December 31,
2015 2016 Variation Variation
Construction and engineering segment (442 ) (2,580 ) (2,138 ) 483.71 %
Insurance brokerage segment (11,300 ) (12,245 ) (945 ) 8.36 %
Energy generation and transmission segment (a) (4,533 ) 6,953 11,486 N.A.
~~(a)~~ ~~During 2016, the energy segment recorded an income of US$17.0 million related to sales of assets to third parties of US$3 million and intercompany sales of US$14.0 million.~~
B. ~~Liquidity and Capital Resources~~
~~As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had cash and cash equivalents of US$214.5 million and of US$80.5 million, respectively.~~
~~Cash provided by operating activities for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016~~~~. Net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities decreased by US$178.8 million, primarily due to the changes shown in the chart below:~~
Operating activities cash flows Year ended December 31,
2016 2017 Variation Variation
(US$ in thousands)
Proceeds from sales (a) 1,003,422 1,197,523 194,101 19 %
Dividends received (b) 142,340 9,823 (132,517 ) (93 )%
Value-added tax recovered 117,661 102,548 (15,113 ) (13 )%
Royalty received 25,961 21,565 (4,396 ) (17 )%
Interest received 2,140 3,169 1,029 48 %
Payments to suppliers and third parties (c) (672,419 ) (872,467 ) (200,048 ) 30 %
Payments to employees (d) (138,113 ) (160,891 ) (22,778 ) 16 %
Interest paid (34,138 ) (30,402 ) 3,736 (11 )%
Payments of mining royalties (20,052 ) (20,165 ) (113 ) 1 %
Income tax paid (35,401 ) (38,121 ) (2,720 ) 8 %
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities 391,401 212,582 (178,819 ) (46 )%
~~(a)~~ ~~The increase in proceeds from sales was mainly due to an increase in net sales of goods during 2017.~~
~~(b)~~ The decrease in dividends received was mainly due to the US$~~130.9~~29.4 million in dividends received from ~~Yanacocha~~Cerro Verde during ~~2016. During 2017, no~~2019, (during 2018, we received from Cerro Verde US$39.2 million) and the lower dividend received from ~~Yanacocha was received.~~Coimolache from US$7.6 million in 2018 to US$4.0 million in 2019.
(d)

During 2018, El Brocal recorded a recovery income from an insurance claim that occurred in May 2017. Total compensation and lost profits and consequential damages is US$38.8 million. As a result of the associated cost for mitigation, repair and cost overruns of US$5.1 million, El Brocal recorded a net gain of US$33.7 million.
~~(c)~~
(e) The ~~increase~~decrease in payments to suppliers and third parties ~~was~~is mainly explained by ~~an increase~~the decrease in ~~costs~~the operations and ~~expenses~~ore production by the Company’s mining units, as ~~a result~~described in Results of Operations for the ~~new operation in Tambomayo,~~Years Ended December 31, 2019 and ~~an increase in production costs related to the Uchucchacua and Orcopampa mining units.~~2018 by Segment.
~~(d)~~
(f) The ~~increase~~decrease in payments to employees was mainly explained by ~~a US$13.0 million increase~~the decrease in the headcount due to the ~~new operations at the Tambomayo mining unit.~~Group’s De-bottlenecking Program and related optimization of support areas.
76
(g) Corresponds mainly to payments made by Buenaventura related to claims with the Tax Administration mainly with for US$36.3 million. See Note 29(e) of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~Cash provided by operating activities for the years ended December 31~~,~~2016 and 2015.~~~~Net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities increased by US$264.1 million, primarily due to the changes shown in the chart below:~~
Operating activities cash flows Year ended December 31,
2015 2016 Variation Variation
(US$ in thousands)
Proceeds from sales 965,273 1,003,422 38,149 3.95 %
Dividends received (a) 6,691 142,340 135,649 2,027.34 %
Value-added tax recovered 81,692 117,661 35,969 44.03 %
Royalty received 38,983 25,961 (13,022 ) (33.40 )%
Interest received 3,650 2,140 (1,510 ) (41.37 )%
Payments to suppliers and third parties (b) (727,017 ) (672,419 ) 54,598 (7.51 )%
Payments to employees (b) (175,329 ) (138,113 ) 37,216 (21.23 )%
Interest paid (21,518 ) (34,138 ) (12,620 ) 58.65 %
Payments of mining royalties (22,836 ) (20,052 ) 2,784 (12.19 )%
Income tax paid (22,330 ) (35,401 ) (13,071 ) 58.54 %
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities 127,259 391,401 264,142 207.56 %
~~(a)~~(h) The ~~increase~~decrease in ~~dividends received~~the income tax and royalties paid was ~~mainly due to a distribution to~~in line with the ~~partners,~~decrease in ~~proportion to their equity interests, of US$300.0 million, which correspond to~~ the ~~portion of the retained earnings~~taxable income as ~~of December 31, 2014, that originated in 2011. As~~ a result ~~we received dividends~~ of ~~US$130.9 million in 2016.~~lower sales and net income.

~~(b)~~ ~~As part of the cost reduction and optimization program, we had lower costs related to suppliers, third parties and employees in 2016.~~
Cash used in investing activities for the years ended December 31,~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016.~~2018.Net cash and cash equivalents used in investing activities decreased by US$~~226.7~~11.9 million primarily due to the changes shown in the chart below:

Investing activities cash flows Year ended December 31, Year ended December 31,
2016 2017 Variation
Variation
%
2018 2019 Variation
Variation
%

(US$ in thousands) (US$ in thousands)
Proceeds from sale of mining concessions, development costs, property, plant and equipment(a) 7,180 1,962 (5,218 ) (73 )% 2,240 726 (1,514 ) (68 )%
Additions to mining concessions, development costs, property, plant and equipment ~~(a)~~(b) (366,834 ) (259,507 ) 107,327 (29 )% (111,270 ) (102,627 ) 8,643 (8 )%
Proceeds from collection of loans to an associate (b) - 124,800 124,800 n. a.
Payments for acquisition of other assets (5,222 ) (5,405 ) (183 ) 4 % (8,529 ) (3,700 ) 4,829 (57 )%
Net cash and cash equivalents used in investing activities (364,876 ) (138,150 ) 226,726 (62 )%
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in) investing activities (117,559 ) (105,601 ) 11,958 (10 )%

(a) The ~~increase~~proceeds from sale of assets decrease despite the sale of assets increased during 2019 (see Note 26(a) of the Consolidated Financial Statements). This is explained because during 2018 the Group (through its subsidiary Compañía Minera Condesa S.A.) sold and collect a sale of a property during the same year. During 2019, the Group (through its subsidiary Consorcio Energético de Huancavelica S.A.) sold energy transmission systems in the areas of Huancavelica, Trujillo, Cajamarca, Callalli – Ares and Lorema for US$21.0 million, which were collected in January 2020.
(b) The decrease in additions to mining concessions, development costs, property, plant and equipment was mainly due to the ~~construction of the~~decrease in La Zanja and Tambomayo mining ~~unit~~units for US$11.5 million and US$9.2 million, which was partially offset by an increase in ~~2016. During 2016, we invested~~the investments in Uchucchacua mining units for US$~~230.2 million in Tambomayo’s assets as compared to US$131.1 million during 2017.~~13.0 million. See “Item 4: Information on the Company—Buenaventura—A. History and Development—Capital Expenditures.”

~~(b)~~ ~~During 2017, we received an advanced payment of the long-term loan held with Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.~~
7772

Cash ~~used in investing~~provided by (used in) financing activities for the years ended December 31,~~2016~~2019 and ~~2015.~~2018.Net cash and cash equivalents ~~used~~provided by (used in) financing activities increase from a negative net amount of US$74.0 million in ~~investing activities increased by~~2018 to US$~~23.2~~100.6 million in 2019, primarily due to the changes shown in the chart below:

Investing activities cash flows Year ended December 31,
2015 2016 Variation
Variation
%

(US$ in thousands)
Proceeds from sale of mining concessions, development costs, property, plant and equipment 5,481 7,180 1,699 31 %
Additions to mining concessions, development costs, property, plant and equipment (a) (211,286 ) (366,834 ) (155,548 ) 74 %
Loans to associates (124,800 ) - 124,800 (100 )%
Loans to third parties (829 ) - 829 (100 )%
Payments for acquisition of other assets (10,238 ) (5,222 ) 5,016 (49 )%
Net cash and cash equivalents used in investing activities (341,672 ) (364,876 ) (23,204 ) 7 %
Financing activities cash flows Year ended December 31,
2018 2019 Variation Variation
(US$ in thousands)
Proceeds from bank loans 95,000 55,000 (40,000 ) (42 )%
Payments of bank loans (95,000 ) (95,000 ) - - %
Proceeds from financial obligations - 161,894 161,894 100 %
Payments of financial obligations (45,222 ) (186,152 ) (140,930 ) 312 %
Short-term lease payments - (7,596 ) (7,596 ) 100
Dividends paid to controlling shareholders (22,860 ) (22,098 ) 762 (3 )%
Dividends paid to non-controlling shareholders (5,560 ) (6,500 ) (940 ) 17 %
Increase of restricted bank accounts (410 ) (166 ) 244 (60 )%
Net cash and cash equivalents used in financing activities (74,052 ) (100,618 ) (26,566 ) 36 %

~~(a)~~ The increase in additions to mining concessions, development costs, property, plant and equipment was mainly due to the construction of the Tambomayo mining unit. During 2016, the Company invested US$230.2 million in Tambomayo’s assets as compared to US$77.1 million during 2015. See “Item 4: Information on the Company—Buenaventura—A. History and Development—Capital Expenditures.”
~~Cash provided by financing activities for the years ended December 31~~,~~2017 and 2016.~~~~Net cash and cash equivalents used in financing activities increased by US$84.0 million, primarily due to the changes shown in the chart below:~~
Financing activities cash flows Year ended December 31,
2016 2017 Variation Variation
(US$ in thousands)
Proceeds from financial obligations 275,210 80,000 (195,210 ) (71 )%
Proceeds from bank loans 200,500 341,215 140,715 70 %
Payments of bank loans (442,957 ) (300,000 ) 142,957 (32 )%
Payments of financial obligations (33,476 ) (32,599 ) 877 (3 )%
Dividends paid to controlling shareholders (7,621 ) (22,099 ) (14,478 ) 190 %
Dividends paid to non-controlling shareholders (7,400 ) (6,036 ) 1,364 (18 )%
Acquisition of non-controlling interest (5,459 ) (621 ) 4,838 (89 )%
Increase of restricted bank accounts (2,087 ) (285 ) 1,802 (86 )%
Purchase of treasury shares (1,210 ) - 1,210 (100 )%
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in) financing activities (24,500 ) 59,575 84,075 (343 )%
~~Cash provided by financing activities for the years ended December 31~~,~~2016 and 2015.~~~~Net cash and cash equivalents used in financing activities decreased by US$238.90 million, primarily due to the changes shown in the chart below:~~
Financing activities cash flows Year ended December 31,
2015 2016 Variation Variation
(US$ in thousands)
Proceeds from financial obligations 296 275,210 274,914 92,876 %
Proceeds from bank loans 344,503 200,500 (144,003 ) (42 )%
Payments of bank loans (90,000 ) (442,957 ) (352,957 ) 392 %
Payments of financial obligations (29,891 ) (33,476 ) (3,585 ) 12 %
Dividends paid to controlling shareholders - (7,621 ) (7,621 ) 100 %
Dividends paid to non-controlling shareholders (10,488 ) (7,400 ) 3,088 (29 )%
Acquisition of non-controlling interest - (5,459 ) (5,459 ) 100 %
Increase of restricted bank accounts - (2,087 ) (2,087 ) 100 %
Purchase of treasury shares - (1,210 ) (1,210 ) 100 %
Net cash and cash equivalents used in financing activities 214,420 (24,500 ) (238,920 ) (111 )%
Short-Term Debt

We borrow, from time to time, short-term unsecured loans from local Peruvian banks to supplement our working capital needs at favorable short-term interest rates. As of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, the amount outstanding under such short-term loans was ~~US96.2~~US$55.0 million and US$~~55.0~~95.0 million, respectively. In ~~2017,~~2019, we used the proceeds of such short-term loans for general working capital purposes.

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Long-Term Debt

On December 2, 2009 Banco de Crédito del Perú executed a financial lease agreement with Huanza in the amount of US$119.0 million for the construction of a hydroelectric power station. The lease was executed in favor of Huanza as lessee. The term of the lease is six years from August 2014 and the interest rate is ~~three-month LIBOR plus~~ 2.75% as of December 31, ~~2017 (three-month LIBOR plus 4.60% as of December 31, 2016).~~2019 and 2018. On June 30, 2014, Banco de Crédito del Perú extended this financial lease agreement with Huanza in the amount of US$103.4 million. The term of the lease is six years from August 2014 and the interest rate is ~~three-month LIBOR plus~~ 2.75% as of December 31, ~~2017 (three-month LIBOR plus 4.70% as of December 31, 2016).~~2019 and 2018. As of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, the amount outstanding under this lease was US$~~162.4~~130.5 million and US$~~176.1~~147.2 million, respectively.

In 2013, El Brocal entered into a financing arrangement with Banco de Crédito del Perú in an aggregate amount of US$180.0 million in the form of a series of sale and leaseback agreements relating to certain specified El Brocal assets, including equipment, machinery and production plants located in the Colquijirca mining unit. The first disbursement of US$116.5 million was received in November 2013, which was used to repay El Brocal’s medium term loan with Banco de Crédito del Perú during the fourth quarter of 2013. The second disbursement of US$63.5 million was received in January 2014. The renewable arrangement had a term of five years that commenced on the first lease payment date in March 2014. During the term of the arrangement, El Brocal has the right to repurchase the assets. On June 9, 2015, the board of directors of El Brocal approved the modification of the debt and new payment schedule of the 2013 leaseback contract in an aggregate amount of US$166.5 million. The new arrangement ~~has~~had a term of five years that commenced on the payment date in June 2015. During 2017, El Brocal restructured its financial obligations, which resulted in a reduction in the interest rates of its short and long-term loans. The quarterly lease payments have an embedded interest rate of three-month LIBOR plus 2.75% as of December 31, 2017 (three-month LIBOR plus 4.75% as of December 31, 2016). The agreements contain certain covenants, including several financial covenants such as a limitation on the payment of dividends by El Brocal. El Brocal’s obligations under the agreements are supported by trust contracts, which, among other things, relate to collection rights, sales contracts and cash flows granting Banco de Crédito del Perú the right to receive all cash flows before any funds are made available to El Brocal. The obligations of El Brocal under these agreements are not recourse to, or guaranteed by, Buenaventura or any of its other subsidiaries. The compliance with certain financial ratios under the agreements is monitored by El Brocal’s management. In 2017, Management obtained a waiver for any possible breach of the financial ratios that occur until December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the amount outstanding under this financing arrangement was US$118.1 million and US$136.8 million, respectively.
On October 23, 2017, El Brocal signed a mid-term loan agreement with the Banco de ~~Credito~~Crédito del ~~Peru~~Perú for US$80.0 million, which ~~accrues~~accrued interest at an annual rate of 3.6% ~~for~~over a 5-year term. ~~The objective~~On October 29, 2019, El Brocal entered into a new financial obligation of ~~this financing was the payment of short-term financial obligations maintained~~US$161,893,850 with ~~the~~ Banco de ~~Credito~~Crédito del ~~Peru~~Perú in order to repay a financial leaseback and ~~for working capital. As part~~a mid-term financial obligation. The new financial obligation has the following terms and conditions:
Tranche A Tranche B
Principal US$113,325,695 US$48,568,155
Annual interest rate 3.76 percent Three-month LIBOR plus 2.39 percent
Term 5 years since October 2019 until October 2024 7 years since October 2019 until October 2026
According to the lease contract mentioned above, El Brocal is required to maintain the following financial ratios:
(i) Debt service coverage ratio: Higher than 1.3.
(ii) Leverage Ratio: Less than 1.0 times.
(iii) Indebtedness ratio: Less than 2.25 times.
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This new financial obligation is collateralized by a security agreement in respect of assets; certain contractual rights, flows and account balances, a real estate mortgage; and a mortgage on certain mining concessions. El Brocal’s Management oversees the compliance of the ~~commitments agreed to, El Brocal must comply with certain financial indicators. Compliance with the financial ratios under the agreement is monitored by~~terms described above. El Brocal’s ~~management. In 2017, El Brocal~~management managed and obtained from Banco de Crédito del Perú a waiver for any possible breach of the financial ~~ratios~~ratio that ~~occurs until~~occurred for the last quarter of 2019. In December ~~31, 2018. As~~ of ~~December 31, 2017,~~2019, El Brocal’s management managed to obtain a waiver for the ~~amount outstanding was US$80.0 million.~~year 2020.

On June 27, 2016, in order to repay short-term contracts held as of December 31, 2015, we entered into a long-term finance contract (the “Syndicated Term Loan”), in the amount of US$275 million among us, as borrower, Condesa, Inversiones Colquijirca S.A. and Conenhua as guarantors, Banco de ~~Credito~~Crédito del ~~Peru,~~Perú, as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto. Borrowings under the Syndicated Term Loan bear interest at a rate per annum equal to LIBOR plus 3.00%. Interest and installments of principal equal to 1/7th of the aggregate principal amount borrowed are payable every six months until maturity in June 2021 (on which date all amounts outstanding shall be payable). Obligations under the Syndicated Term Loan are guaranteed by Condesa and Conenhua, our wholly-owned subsidiaries, and Inversiones Colquijirca S.A., for which we own 100%. The term loan agreement governing the Syndicated Term Loan contains certain customary covenants, including certain financial maintenance covenants, and events of default. See Exhibit 2.1. On April 2, 2020 we entered into a second amendment to the Syndicated Term Loan, pursuant to which, as of the date of this annual report, borrowings under the Syndicated Term Loan bear interest at a rate per annum equal to LIBOR plus 1.90%. Principal under the Syndicated Term Loan shall be payable in five consecutive and semi-annual installments of US$41,250,000 beginning in October 2022 and one final payment of US$68,750,000 in April 2025 (on which date all amounts outstanding shall be payable).

Exploration Costs and Capital Expenditures

We have budgeted approximately US$~~180~~ 85 to US$~~220~~ 105 million for capital expenditures for ~~2018.~~2020. These budgeted capital expenditures mainly include sustaining capital expenditures, and ~~implementing a “de-bottlenecking program.” This program aims to increase~~ the ~~life~~development of ~~our mines by improving efficiency, reducing costs, allowing for more aggressive mine development~~the San Gabriel and ~~exploration programs in order to generate more visibility into our ore reserves.~~Trapiche projects.
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During ~~2017,~~2019, we spent US$~~18.3~~ 11.9 million on “exploration in non-operating areas” and US$~~94.9~~ 44.2 million on “exploration in operating units.” Our “exploration in non-operating areas” investments mainly focused on the following exploration projects: ~~Yumpag,~~Yumpaq, Marcapunta ~~Tambomayo~~ and ~~Emperatriz.~~Emperatriz projects. Our “exploration in operating units” investments were mainly focused in the Orcopampa, Uchucchacua, and Julcani units.

In ~~2018,~~2020, we intend to invest approximately US$~~85.0~~25 to US$~~95.0~~35 million in exploration in operating ~~units (mainly in Tambomayo, Orcopampa and Uchucchacua) and US$25.0 to US$35.0 million mainly in explorations in non-operating areas at the Trapiche and San Gabriel projects, among others.~~units.

We expect that we will meet our working capital, capital expenditure and exploration expense requirements for the next several years from internally generated funds, cash on hand and dividends received from our investments in non-consolidated mining operations, including Yanacocha. Additional financing, if necessary for the construction of any project, is expected to be obtained from borrowings under bank loans and the issuance of debt securities. There can be no assurance, however, that sufficient funding will be available to us from the internal or external sources to finance any future capital expenditure program, or that external funding will be available to us for such purpose on terms or at prices favorable to us. A very significant decline in the prices of gold and silver would be reasonably likely to affect the availability of such sources of liquidity. In addition, if we fund future capital expenditures from internal cash flow, there may be fewer funds available for the payment of dividends.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Amendments to IFRS 3:

~~We prepare~~In October 2018, the IASB issued amendments to the definition of a “Business” in IFRS 3 Business Combinations to help entities determine whether an acquired set of activities and ~~present~~assets is a Business. The amendments clarify the ~~Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance~~minimum requirements to be considered a Business, remove the assessment of whether market participants are capable of replacing any missing elements, add guidance to help entities assess whether an acquired process is substantive, narrow the definitions of a Business and of outputs and introduce an optional fair value concentration test. New illustrative examples were also provided with ~~IFRS as issued by~~ the ~~IASB.~~
~~The standards and interpretations~~amendments. Because the amendments apply prospectively to transactions or other events that ~~are issued, but not yet effective, up to~~occur on or after the date of ~~issuance of our Consolidated Financial Statements are disclosed below. We intend to adopt~~first application, we will not be affected by these ~~standards, if applicable, when they become effective.~~amendments on the date these amendments go into effect.

~~IFRS 9 Financial Instruments~~Amendments to IAS 1 and IAS 8:

In ~~July 2014,~~October 2018, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements and IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors to align the ~~final version~~definition of ~~IFRS 9 Financial Instruments that replaces IAS 39~~“Material” across the standards and ~~all previous versions of IFRS 9. IFRS 9 brings together all three~~clarify certain aspects of the accounting for financial instruments project: classification and measurement, impairment and hedge accounting. IFRS 9 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, with early application permitted. Except for hedge accounting, retrospective application is required, butdefinition. Under the ~~provision of comparative~~new definition, information is ~~not compulsory. For hedge accounting,~~deemed Material “if omitting, misstating or obscuring it could reasonably be expected to influence decisions that the ~~requirements are generally applied prospectively, with some limited exceptions.~~
~~The Company plans to adopt the new standard~~primary users of general purpose financial statements make on the ~~required effective date and will not restate comparative information.~~
~~During 2017, the Company performed~~basis of those financial statements, which provide financial information about a detailed impact assessment of all three aspects of IFRS 9. This assessment is based on currently available information and may be subject to changes arising from further reasonable and supportable information being made availablespecific reporting entity”. The amendments to the ~~Company in 2018 when it adopts IFRS 9. Overall, the Company expects no~~definition of Material is not expected to have a significant impact on ~~its statement of~~our consolidated financial ~~position or equity from the adoption of IFRS 9. In addition, the Company will adopt changes in certain financial instruments.~~statements.

~~(a)~~ ~~Classification and measurement.~~As discussed in more detail in Note 2.1(n) to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company recorded an embedded derivative for its sales of metal in concentrate that is disclosed separately from the accounts receivable in the consolidated statement of financial position. Upon adoption of IFRS 9, the embedded derivative will no longer be separated from the concentrate receivables as the receivables are not expected to give rise to cash flows that solely represent payments of principal and interest. Instead, the receivables will be accounted for as one instrument and measured at fair value through profit or loss, with subsequent change in fair value recognized in the statement of profit or loss.
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~~There will be no impact on financial liabilities.~~
~~For other financial assets currently measured at fair value, the Company will continue to classify and measure these at fair value.~~
~~(b)~~ ~~Impairment.~~IFRS 9 requires the Company to record an expected credit loss for its debt instruments, loans and account receivables measured at fair value, regardless of the period. The Company will apply the simplified approach and record lifetime expected losses on all trade receivables measured at amortized cost. Given the short term nature of these receivables, the Company does not expect these changes will have a significant impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company.
~~(c)~~ ~~Hedge accounting.~~The Company has determined that all hedge transactions that are currently designated as effective hedges will continue to qualify as hedge accounting under IFRS 9. The Company has chosen not to retrospectively apply IFRS 9 at the time of transition for those hedges designated as hedges under IAS 39, as IFRS 9 does not change the main principles of how an entity should record the effective hedges, or apply the requirements of IFRS 9 on hedge accounting.
~~IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers~~
IFRS 15 was issued in May 2014, and establishes a five-step model to account for revenue arising from contracts with customers. Under IFRS 15, revenue is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration agreed with the customer. The new revenue standard will supersede all current revenue recognition requirements under IFRS. Either a full retrospective application or a modified retrospective application is required for annual periods beginning on or after January 1 2018. Early adoption is permitted.
The Company plans to adopt the new standard on the required effective date using the modified retrospective method, under which the accumulated effect of applying this new standard is presented by adjusting the beginning balance of accumulated results (January 1, 2018). During 2016, the Company performed a preliminary assessment of IFRS 15, which was followed by a more detailed analysis in 2017.
~~(a)~~ ~~Sales of mineral~~. For contracts with customers in which the sale of the mineral is expected to be the only performance obligation, it is expected that IFRS 15 will not have an impact on the income and results of the Company. The Company expects that the income recognition will occur at the moment in which control of the asset is transferred to the client, which generally occurs with the delivery of the goods. At the time of preparing for the adoption of IFRS 15, the Company considered the following:
~~(i)~~ ~~Provisionally priced sales –~~ As discussed in Note 2.1(q) to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company recognizes an embedded derivative for its concentrates sales at provisional pricing. IFRS 15 does not change the assessment of the impact of these provisional pricing features, which are required to be accounted for in accordance with IFRS 9. Any subsequent changes that arise due to differences between initial and final assay will still be considered within the scope of IFRS 15 and will be subject to the constraint on estimates of variable consideration.
Revenue in respect of the host contract will be recognized when control passes to the customer and will be measured at the amount the entity expects to be entitled – being the estimate of the price expected to be received at the end of the quotation period (“QP”) using the most recently determined estimate of metal in concentrate (based on initial assay results) and the estimated forward price (which is consistent with current practice). When considering the initial assay estimate, the Company has considered the requirements of IFRS 15 in relation to the constraint on estimates of variable consideration. It will only include amounts in the calculation of revenue where it is highly probable that a significant revenue reversal will not occur when the uncertainty relating to final assay/quality is subsequently resolved, at the end of the QP. As disclosed above, the assay differences are not usually material to the Company, hence, no change is expected when compared to the current approach. Consequently, the Company will recognize a receivable at the time the concentrate passes to the client because, at that moment, the Company has an unconditional right to consideration. This receivable will then be accounted for in accordance with IFRS 9.
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With respect to the presentation of amounts arising from such provisionally priced contracts, IFRS 15 requires revenue from contracts with customers to be disclosed separately from other types of revenue. This means that revenue recognized from the initial sale must be separately disclosed in the consolidated financial statements from any income recognized from subsequent movements in the fair value of the related concentrate receivable. As the Company currently discloses movements in the embedded derivative in “Net sales”, this requirement will have no impact on it. Consistent with current practice, any subsequent changes that arise due to differences between initial and final assay will be recognized as an adjustment to revenue from contracts with customers.
~~(ii)~~ ~~Impact of shipping terms -~~ The Company sells a portion of its inventories under commercial terms in which the Company is responsible of the delivery services after the date at which control of the concentrate passes to the client at the port of loading, that is when it crosses the ship´s rail. Under IAS 18, these shipping services are currently not considered to represent a separate service, hence, no revenue is allocated to them. Instead, concentrate revenue is recognized in full at the date the concentrate passes the ship’s rail, and the costs associated with shipping the goods are considered to be part of cost of sales.
Under IFRS 15, the provision of shipping services in these types of arrangements will be a distinct service (and therefore a separate performance obligation) to which a portion of the transaction price should be allocated and recognized over time as the shipping services are provided. The impact of these changes include:
· ~~Deferral of revenue: Some of the revenue currently recognized when the concentrate passes the ship’s rail will be deferred and recognized as the shipping services are subsequently provided; and~~
· Disclosures: Material revenue allocated to shipping services may need to be disclosed separately from concentrate revenue, either on the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income or in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Company has determined that while these changes will impact some of its arrangements, the overall year-to-year impact on the timing of revenue recognition will not be material and consequently such revenue will not be disclosed separately.
~~(b)~~ ~~Presentation and disclosure requirements.~~In addition to the presentation and disclosure requirements for provisionally priced sales discussed above, IFRS 15 contains other presentation and disclosure requirements which are more detailed than the current IFRS. The presentation requirements represent a significant change from current practice and will increase the volume of disclosure required in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In 2017, the Company continued testing appropriate systems, internal controls, policies and procedures necessary to collect and disclose the required information.
~~IFRS 16 Leases~~
IFRS 16 sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases and requires lessees to account for all leases under a single on-balance sheet model similar to the accounting for finance leases under IAS 17. The standard includes two recognition exemptions for lessees: leases of ‘low-value’ assets and short-term leases. IFRS 16 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019. Early application is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of IFRS 16 on its Consolidated Financial Statements and plans to adopt the new standard on the required effective date.
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C. Research and Development

Not applicable.

D. Trend Information

Other than as disclosed in this Annual Report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events which are reasonably likely to have a material effect upon our net sales or revenues, income from continuing operations, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that would cause reported financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial condition.

For our exploration activities, there is no production, sales or inventory in a conventional sense. Our financial success is dependent upon the extent to which we are capable of discovering mineralization and the economic viability of exploration properties. The construction and operation of such properties may take years to complete and the resulting income, if any, cannot be determined with certainty. Further, the sales value of mineralization discovered by us is largely dependent upon factors beyond our control, including the market value of the metals produced at any given time.

E. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

There are no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.

F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations

The following table shows our contractual obligations as of December 31, ~~2017:~~2019:

Payments due by Period (US$ in millions)
Total
Less than
1 year

1-2
years

2-5
years

More than
5 years

Bank loans (principal and interest)() 96.6 96.6 – – –
Mid and Long-Term Debt (*) 318.7 54.4 53.8 210.5 –
Capital lease obligations (**) 389.8 55.7 94.9 239.2 –
Other Long-Term Obligations 286.6 248.1 0.7 9.3 28.5
Total Contractual Cash Obligations 1,091.7 454.8 149.4 459.0 28.5
~~(*)~~ ~~Long-Term Debt includes:~~
~~(i)~~ ~~US$299.1 million (including US$272.6 million in principal and US$26.5 million interest payments), which relates to long-term debt of Buenaventura.~~
~~(ii)~~ ~~US$90.7 million (including US$80.0 million in principal and US$10.7 million in interest payments), which relates to long-term debt of El Brocal.~~
~~(**)~~ ~~Capital lease obligations include:~~
~~(i)~~ US$188.2 million (including US$162.4 million in principal and US$25.8 million in interest payments), which relates to a financial lease between Banco de Crédito del Perú and Conenhua, Huanza and us for construction of a hydroelectric power station.
~~(ii)~~ US$130.5 million (including US$119.6 million in principal and US$10.9 million in interest payments), which relates to a sale and leaseback arrangement between Banco de Crédito del Perú and El Brocal.
Payments due by Period (US$ in millions)
Total
Less than
1 year

1-2
years

2-5
years

More than
5 years

Bank loans (principal and interest) 55,486 55,486 - - -
Trade and other payables 152,686 152,070 616 - -
Financial obligation – capital 567,398 262,088 131,588 125,154 48,568
Financial obligation – interest 47,151 22,597 11,225 11,880 1,449
Lease – capital 7,503 3,692 1,514 2,297 -
Lease – interest 620 73 143 404 -
Contingent consideration liability 40,071 - - 4,905 35,166
Total Contractual Cash Obligations 870,915 496,006 145,086 144,640 85,183

As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, we had no other commercial commitments.

G. Reconciliation of Costs Applicable to Sales and Cost Applicable to Sales per Unit Sold

Cost applicable to sales and Cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold are not measures of financial performance under IFRS, and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. We consider Cost applicable to sales and Cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold to be key measures in managing and evaluating our operating performance. These measures are widely reported in the precious metals industry as a benchmark for performance, but do not have standardized meanings. You should not consider Cost applicable to sales or Cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold as alternatives to cost of sales determined in accordance with IFRS as indicators of our operating performance. Cost applicable to sales and Cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold are calculated without adjusting for by-product revenue amounts.

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In calculating these figures, we utilize financial records maintained with respect to the various mining units and subsidiaries, each on a standalone basis. Within the stand-alone accounts for each mining unit or subsidiary, we then allocate cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization), exploration in operating units and selling expenses in the proportion to each mineral’s commercial value (realized price multiplied by volume sold).

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The tables below set forth (i) a reconciliation of consolidated Cost of sales, excluding depreciation and amortization to consolidated Cost applicable to sales, (ii) reconciliations of the components of Cost applicable to sales (by mine and mineral) to the corresponding consolidated line items set forth on our consolidated statements of profit or loss for the years ended December 31, ~~2016~~2017 and ~~2017~~2018 and (iii) reconciliations of Cost of sales, excluding depreciation and amortization to Cost applicable to sales for each of our mining units. The amounts set forth in Cost applicable to sales and Cost applicable to sales per unit sold for each mine and mineral indicated in the tables below can be reconciled to the amounts set forth on our consolidated statements of profit or loss for the years ended December 31, ~~2016~~2017 and ~~2017~~2018 by reference to the reconciliations of Cost of sales, excluding depreciation and amortization (by mine and mineral), Selling Expenses (by mine and metal) expenses and Exploration in operating units (by mine and mineral) to consolidated Cost of sales, excluding depreciation and amortization, consolidated Selling Expenses and Consolidated Exploration in operating units expenses, set forth below.

Set forth below is a reconciliation of consolidated Cost of sales, excluding depreciation and amortization, to consolidated Cost applicable to sales:

For the year ended December 31,
2016 2017
(in thousands of US$)
Consolidated Cost of sales excluding depreciation and amortization 508,566 640,387
Add:
Consolidated Exploration in operating units 96,149 94,928
Commercial Deductions* 244,413 253,923
Consolidated Selling Expenses 21,733 24,088
Consolidated Cost applicable to sales 870,861 1,013,326
* ~~2017 does not consider deductions of indium for US$16,180~~
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For the year ended December 31,
2018 2019
(in thousands of US$)
Consolidated Cost of sales excluding depreciation and amortization 617,699 516,252
Add:
Consolidated Exploration in operating units 89,730 44,163
Commercial Deductions* 192,683 220,306
Consolidated Selling Expenses 26,948 24,313
Consolidated Cost applicable to sales 927,060 805,034

Set forth below is a reconciliation of Cost of sales, excluding depreciation and amortization (by mine and mineral) to consolidated Cost of sales, excluding depreciation and amortization:

For the year ended December 31, For the year ended December 31,
Cost of sales by mine and mineral 2016 2017 2018 2019
(US$ in thousands) (US$ in thousands)
Julcani, Gold 15 0 19 166
Julcani, Silver 20,032 26,413 23,608 24,405
Julcani, Lead 1,855 3,048 1,335 971
Julcani, Copper 83 126 86 47
Mallay, Gold 512 225
Mallay, Silver 9,461 8,204
Mallay, Lead 4,943 4,470
Mallay, Zinc 7,371 8,696
Orcopampa, Gold 88,213 105,848 88,942 51,154
Orcopampa, Silver 4,271 4,097 3,127 228
Orcopampa, Copper 92 255 0 0
Uchucchacua, Gold 123 139 5 0
Uchucchacua, Silver 92,188 103,014 98,991 79,562
Uchucchacua, Lead 5,763 12,942 16,470 14,815
Uchucchacua, Zinc 4,262 12,769 20,540 19,004
Tambomayo, Gold 0 34,907 58,475 47,741
Tambomayo, Silver 0 11,791 20,969 13,540
Tambomayo, Lead 0 2,046 2,597 4,979
Tambomayo, Zinc 0 3,419 7,050 7,058
La Zanja, Gold 89,816 99,304 65,128 37,445
La Zanja, Silver 1,787 2,922 2,499 1,140
El Brocal, Gold 6,773 7,129 7,771 8,429
El Brocal, Silver 12,161 19,185 19,391 26,966
El Brocal, Lead 9,878 15,563 17,108 20,388
El Brocal, Zinc 45,506 45,929 42,658 42,537
El Brocal, Copper 92,224 94,021 115,771 110,979
Non Mining Units 11,237 13,927 5,160 4,697
Consolidated Cost of sales, excluding depreciation and amortization 508,566 640,387 617,699 516,252
76

Set forth below is a reconciliation of Exploration in operating units expenses (by mine and mineral) to consolidated Exploration in operating units expenses:

For the year ended December 31,
Exploration in operating units by mine and mineral 2016 2017
(US$ in thousands)
Julcani, Gold 8 0
Julcani, Silver 10,086 11,614
Julcani, Lead 934 1,340
Julcani, Copper 42 55
Mallay, Gold 183 58
Mallay, Silver 3,379 2,134
Mallay, Lead 1,765 1,163
Mallay, Zinc 2,633 2,262
Orcopampa, Gold 42,985 37,285
Orcopampa, Silver 2,081 1,443
Orcopampa, Copper 45 90
Uchucchacua, Gold 38 29
Uchucchacua, Silver 28,292 21,639
Uchucchacua, Lead 1,769 2,719
Uchucchacua, Zinc 1,308 2,682
Tambomayo, Gold 0 6,386
Tambomayo, Silver 0 2,157
Tambomayo, Lead 0 374
Tambomayo, Zinc 0 626
La Zanja, Gold 591 847
La Zanja, Silver 12 25
El Brocal, Gold 0 0
El Brocal, Silver 0 0
El Brocal, Lead 0 0
El Brocal, Zinc 0 0
El Brocal, Copper 0 0
Non Mining Units 0 0
Consolidated Exploration in operating units 96,149 94,928
85
For the year ended December 31,
Exploration in operating units by mine and mineral 2018 2019
(US$ in thousands)
Julcani, Gold 6 38
Julcani, Silver 8,149 5,593
Julcani, Lead 461 223
Julcani, Copper 30 11
Orcopampa, Gold 28,558 9,000
Orcopampa, Silver 1,004 40
Orcopampa, Copper 0 0
Uchucchacua, Gold 1 0
Uchucchacua, Silver 15,210 6,257
Uchucchacua, Lead 2,531 1,165
Uchucchacua, Zinc 3,156 1,495
Tambomayo, Gold 13,490 7,562
Tambomayo, Silver 4,838 2,145
Tambomayo, Lead 599 789
Tambomayo, Zinc 1,626 1,118
La Zanja, Gold 71 2
La Zanja, Silver 3 0
El Brocal, Gold 383 351
El Brocal, Silver 956 1,124
El Brocal, Lead 844 850
El Brocal, Zinc 2,104 1,774
El Brocal, Copper 5,710 4,627
Non Mining Units 0 0
Consolidated Exploration in operating units
89,730

44,163

Set forth below is a reconciliation of Commercial Deductions (by mine and mineral) to consolidated Commercial Deductions in operation expenses:

For the year ended December 31, For the year ended December 31,
Commercial Deductions in operating units by mine and mineral 2016 2017 2018 2019
(US$ in thousands) (US$ in thousands)
Julcani, Gold 3 0 3 19
Julcani, Silver 5,021 3,676 3,390 3,084
Julcani, Lead 465 422 191 122
Julcani, Copper 25 19 12 8
Mallay, Gold 192 70
Mallay, Silver 4,745 2,441
Mallay, Lead 2,471 1,336
Mallay, Zinc 5,796 2,940
Orcopampa, Gold 496 918 778 201
Orcopampa, Silver 149 181 107 1
Orcopampa, Copper 21 46 (11) 0
Uchucchacua, Gold 46 41 0 -1
Uchucchacua, Silver 37,877 35,851 29,986 29,088
Uchucchacua, Lead 2,348 4,350 3,092 3,324
Uchucchacua, Zinc 6,006 14,286 8,367 10,197
Tambomayo, Gold 0 110 644 7,786
Tambomayo, Silver 0 1,029 1,211 4,265
Tambomayo, Lead 0 419 590 1,497
Tambomayo, Zinc 0 797 2,164 6,170
La Zanja, Gold 293 258 319 102
La Zanja, Silver 15 5 21 2
El Brocal, Gold 9,028 9,280 7,369 7,438
El Brocal, Silver 9,971 14,362 9,125 14,730
El Brocal, Lead 5,490 8,592 2,446 5,495
El Brocal, Zinc 39,944 33,905 11,459 27,302
El Brocal, Copper 114,012 118,590 111,419 99,477
Non Mining Units 0 0 0 0
Consolidated Commercial Deductions in operating units 244,413 253,923 192,683 220,306
77

Set forth below is a reconciliation of selling expenses (by mine and mineral) to consolidated selling expenses:

For the year ended December 31, For the year ended December 31,
Selling expenses by mine and mineral 2016 2017 2018 2019
(US$ in thousands) (US$ in thousands)
Julcani, Gold 1 - 0 3
Julcani, Silver 770 540 336 384
Julcani, Lead 71 62 19 15
Julcani, Copper 3 3 1 1
Mallay, Gold 36 11
Mallay, Silver 658 397
Mallay, Lead 344 216
Mallay, Zinc 512 421
Orcopampa, Gold 1,024 976 749 257
Orcopampa, Silver 50 38 26 1
Orcopampa, Copper 1 2 0 0
Uchucchacua, Gold 6 6 0 0
Uchucchacua, Silver 4,173 4,824 5,596 4,278
Uchucchacua, Lead 261 606 931 797
Uchucchacua, Zinc 193 598 1,161 1,022
Tambomayo, Gold - 927 1,999 2,566
Tambomayo, Silver - 313 717 728
Tambomayo, Lead - 54 89 268
Tambomayo, Zinc - 91 241 379
La Zanja, Gold 1,032 1,018 755 312
La Zanja, Silver 21 30 29 9
El Brocal, Gold 419 428 468 437
El Brocal, Silver 752 1,152 1,167 1,399
El Brocal, Lead 611 934 1,030 1,057
El Brocal, Zinc 2,815 2,757 2,568 2,206
El Brocal, Copper 5,704 5,644 6,969 5,756
Non Mining Units �� 2,278 2,039 2,097 2,439
Consolidated Selling expenses 21,733 24,088 26,948 24,313

86

Set forth below is a reconciliation of Cost of sales, excluding depreciation and amortization, to Cost applicable to sales and Cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral for the Julcani mine:

JULCANI
COPPER (t) GOLD (oz.) LEAD (t) SILVER (oz.)
For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31,
2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017
(US$ in thousands except operating and per unit data)
Cost of Sales, excluding depreciation and amortization 83 126 15 - 1,855 3,408 20,032 26,413
Add:
Exploration in units in operation 42 55 8 - 934 1,340 10,086 11,614
Commercial Deductions 25 19 3 - 465 422 5,021 3,676
Selling expenses 3 3 1 - 71 62 770 540
Cost applicable to sales 153 202 27 - 3,325 4,873 35,908 42,243
Divide:
Volume Sold 54 32 32 21 2,679 1,916 3,090,967 2,466,846
Cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold (US$) 2,837 6,318 825 - 1,241 2543 11.62 17.12
~~Set forth below is a reconciliation of Cost of sales, excluding depreciation and amortization, to cost applicable to sales and Cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral for the Mallay mine:~~
MALLAY
LEAD (t) SILVER (oz.) ZINC (t)
For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31,
2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017
(US$ in thousands except operating and per unit data)
Cost of Sales, excluding depreciation and amortization 4,943 4,470 9,461 8,204 7,371 8,696
Add:
Exploration in units in operation 1,765 1,163 3,379 2,134 2,633 2,262
Commercial Deductions 2,471 1,336 4,745 2,441 5,796 2,940
Selling expenses 344 216 658 397 512 421
Cost applicable to sales 9,523 7,185 18,242 13,176 16,312 14,318
Divide:
Volume Sold 6,775 5,926 1,426,986 993,040 8,728 5,926
Cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold (US$) 1,406 2,416 12.78 13.27 1,869 2,416
~~Set forth below is a reconciliation of Cost of sales, excluding depreciation and amortization, to cost applicable to sales and Cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral for the Orcopampa mine:~~
ORCOPAMPA JULCANI
GOLD (oz.) SILVER (oz.) COPPER (t) GOLD (oz.) LEAD (t) SILVER (oz.)
For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31,
2016 2017 2016 2017 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
(US$ in thousands except operating and per unit data) (US$ in thousands except operating and per unit data)
Cost of Sales, excluding depreciation and amortization 88,213 105,848 4,271 4,097 86
47
19
166
1,335
971
23,608
24,405

Add:
Exploration in units in operation 42,985 37,285 2,081 1,443 30
11
6
38
461
223
8,149
5,593

Commercial Deductions 496 918 149 181 12
8
3
19
191
122
3,390
3,084

Selling expenses 1,024 976 50 38 1 1 0 3 19 15 336 384
Cost applicable to sales 132,718 145,027 6,552 5,759 128 66 28 225 2,006 1,585 35,483 33,467
Divide:
Volume Sold 188,511 195,278 680,708 574,591
Volume Sold (unaudited) 17 14 11 179 915 839 2,368,497 2,480,173
Cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold (US$) 704 743 9.62 10.02 7,392
4,788
2,507
1,259
2,191
1,585
14.98
13.49

8778

Set forth below is a reconciliation of Cost of sales, excluding depreciation and amortization, to cost applicable to sales and Cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral for the Orcopampa mine:
ORCOPAMPA
GOLD (oz.) SILVER (oz.)
For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31,
2018 2019 2018 2019
(US$ in thousands except operating and per unit data)
Cost of Sales, excluding depreciation and amortization 88,942 51,154 3,127 228
Add:
Exploration in units in operation 28,558 9,000 1,004 40
Commercial Deductions 778 201 107 1
Selling expenses 749 257 26 1
Cost applicable to sales 119,027 60,612 4,264 271
Divide:
Volume Sold (unaudited) 116,719 40,702 335,761 15,049
Cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold (US$) 1,020
1,489
12.70
17.98

Set forth below is a reconciliation of Cost of sales, excluding depreciation and amortization, to cost applicable to sales and Cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral for the Uchucchacua mine:
UCHUCCHACUA
LEAD (t) SILVER (oz.) ZINC (t)
For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31,
2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017
(US$ in thousands except operating and per unit data)
Cost of Sales, excluding depreciation and amortization 5,763 12,942 92,188 103,014 4,262 12,769
Add:
Exploration in units in operation 1,769 2,719 28,292 21,639 1,308 2,682
Commercial Deductions 2,348 4,350 37,877 35,851 6,006 14,286
Selling expenses 261 606 4,173 4,824 193 598
Cost applicable to sales 10,140 20,617 162,529 165,329 11,770 30,336
Divide:
Volume Sold 8,350 13,127 14,739,128 15,583,553 5,295 10,281
Cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold (US$) 1,214 1,571 11.03 10.61 2,223 2,951
UCHUCCHACUA
LEAD (t) SILVER (oz.) ZINC (t)
For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31,
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
(US$ in thousands except operating and per unit data)
Cost of Sales, excluding depreciation and amortization 16,470
14,815
98,991
79,562
20,540
19,004

Add:
Exploration in units in operation 2,531
1,165
15,210
6,257
3,156
1,495

Commercial Deductions 3,092 3,324 29,986 29,088 8,367 10,197
Selling expenses 931 797 5,596 4,278 1,161 1,022
Cost applicable to sales 23,024
20,101
149,784
119,184
33,225
31,718

Divide:
Volume Sold (unaudited) 17,071 15,347 14,443,456 9,808,791 16,811 15,315
Cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold (US$) 1,349
1,310
10.37
12.15
1,976
2,071

79

Set forth below is a reconciliation of Cost of sales, excluding depreciation and amortization, to Cost applicable to sales and Cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral for the Tambomayo mine:

TAMBOMAYO
GOLD (oz.) SILVER (oz.) LEAD (t) ZINC(t)
For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31,
2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017
(US$ in thousands except operating and per unit data)
Cost of Sales, excluding depreciation and amortization 34,907 11,791 2,046 3,419
Add:
Exploration in units in
operation 6,386 2,157 374 626
Commercial Deductions 110 1,029 419 797
Selling expenses 927 313 54 91
Cost applicable to sales 42,330 15,290 2,893 4,932
Divide:
Volume Sold 63,130 1,621,611 1,769 2,398
Cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold (US$) 671 9.43 1,635 2,057
TAMBOMAYO
GOLD (oz.) SILVER (oz.) LEAD (t) ZINC(t)
For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31,
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
(US$ in thousands except operating and per unit data)
Cost of Sales, excluding depreciation and amortization 58,475
47,741
20,969
13,540
2,597
4,979
7,050
7,058

Add:
Exploration in units in operation 13,490
7,562
4,838
2,145
599
789
1,626
1,118

Commercial Deductions 644
7,786
1,211
4,265
590
1,497
2,164
6,170

Selling expenses 1,999 2,566 717 728 89 268 241 379
Cost applicable to sales 74,608
65,655
27,734
20,677
3,875
7,532
11,080
14,725

Divide:
Volume Sold (unaudited) 119,211 96,636 3,570,382 2,318,434 3,268 7,211 7,143 7,850
Cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold (US$) 626
679
7.77
8.92
1,186
1,045
1,551
1,876

Set forth below is a reconciliation of Cost of sales, excluding depreciation and amortization, to cost applicable to sales and Cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral for the La Zanja mine:

LA ZANJA LA ZANJA
GOLD (oz.) SILVER (oz.) GOLD (oz.) SILVER (oz.)
For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31,
2016 2017 2016 2017 2018 2019 2018 2019
(US$ in thousands except operating and per unit data) (US$ in thousands except operating and per unit data)
Cost of Sales, excluding depreciation and amortization 89,816 99,304 1,787 2,922 65,128 37,445 2,499 1,140
Add:
Exploration in units in operation 591 847 12 25 71 2 3 0
Commercial Deductions 293 258 15 5 319 102 21 2
Selling expenses 1,032 1,018 21 30 755 312 29 9
Cost applicable to sales 91,732 101,427 1,835 2,982 66,274 37,861 2,552 1,151
Divide:
Volume Sold 151,189 128,623 229,055 279,737
Volume Sold (unaudited) 74,370 30,710 228,894 80,880
Cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold (US$) 607 789 8.01 10.66 891
1,233
11.15
14.24

8880

Set forth below is a reconciliation of Cost of sales, excluding depreciation and amortization, to cost applicable to sales and Cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral for the El Brocal mine:

EL BROCAL EL BROCAL
COPPER (t) GOLD (oz.) LEAD (t) SILVER (oz.) ZINC (t) COPPER (t) GOLD (oz.) LEAD (t) SILVER (oz.) ZINC (t)
For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31, For the year ended
December 31,
2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
(US$ in thousands except operating and per unit data) (US$ in thousands except operating and per unit data)
Cost of Sales, excluding depreciation and amortization 92,224 94,021 6,773 7,129 9,878 15,563 12,161 19,185 45,506 45,929 115,771
110,979
7,771
8,429
17,108
20,388
19,391
26,966
42,658
42,537

Add:
Exploration in units in operation - - - - - - - - - - 5,710
4,627
383
351
844
850
956
1,124
2,104
1,774

Commercial Deductions 114,012 118,590 9,028 9,280 5,490 8,592 9,971 14,362 39,944 33,905 111,419
99,477
7,369
7,438
2,446
5,495
9,125
14,730
11,459
27,302

Selling expenses 5,704 5,644 419 428 611 934 752 1,152 2,815 2,757 6,969
5,756
468
437
1,030
1,057
1,167
1,399
2,568
2,206

Cost applicable to sales 211,940 218,254 16,220 16,836 15,979 25,090 22,884 34,699 88,265 82,591 239,869
220,840
15,991
16,656
21,428
27,790
30,640
44,219
58,789
73,818

Divide:
Volume Sold 45,572 42,633 13,062 15,881 11,874 19,415 1,696,176 3,253,899 48,806 43,120
Volume Sold (unaudited) 43,710 41,013 14,297 12,648 18,713 22,598 3,058,987 3,520,992 37,470 36,788
Cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral sold (US$) 4,651 5,119 1,242 1,060 1,346 1,292 13.49 10.66 1,808 1,915 5,488
5,385
1,118
1,317
1,145
1,230
10.02
12.56
1,569
2,007

Set forth below is a reconciliation of Cost of sales, excluding depreciation and amortization, to cost applicable to sales and Cost applicable to sales per unit of mineral for non-mining units:

NON-MINING UNITS NON-MINING UNITS
TOTAL TOTAL
For the year ended December 31, For the year ended December 31,
2016 2017 2018 2019
(US$ in thousands) (US$ in thousands)
Cost of Sales, excluding depreciation and amortization 11,237 13,927 5,160 4,697
Add:
Exploration in units in operation 0 0 0 0
Commercial Deductions 0 0 0 0
Selling expenses 2,278 2,039 2,097 2,439
Total Cost applicable to sales 13,515 15,966 7,257 7,136

8981

YANACOCHA

Introduction

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with (i) the Yanacocha Consolidated Financial Statements as of December 31, ~~2016~~2018 and ~~2017~~2019 and for the years ended December 31, ~~2015, 2016~~2017, 2018 and ~~2017~~2019 and the related Notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual ~~Report.~~Report, and (ii) Item 5 to our 2018 20-F. The Yanacocha Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared and presented in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB and in U.S. Dollars.

A. A. Operating Results

Overview

Yanacocha ~~the largest gold producer in South America,~~ was established in Peru in January 1992 and commenced production activities in ~~August~~ 1993. Yanacocha’s operations are located in the Andes Mountains in Northern Peru, in the area of Cajamarca which is located approximately 600 kilometers north of Lima and north of the city of Cajamarca, at an altitude of 4,000 meters above sea level. Yanacocha is ~~54.05%~~51.35% owned by Newmont ~~Mining through its wholly-owned subsidiary Newmont~~ Second ~~and 45.95%~~Capital Corporation, 43.65% owned by Buenaventura through our wholly-owned subsidiary ~~Condesa.~~Condesa and 5% owned by Summit Global Management II VB. Yanacocha is managed by Newmont ~~Peru S.R.L.~~International Services. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Yanacocha—B. Business Overview—Management of Yanacocha—General Manager/Management Agreement.”

The table below highlights Yanacocha’s key financial and operating results:

Summary of Financial and Operating Performance

Year Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31,
2017 2016 2015 2019 2018
Gold sales (in thousands of US$) 670,905 791,766 1,070,021 734,526 658,653
Gold sold (oz.) 537,268 636,931 924,175 529,307 522,213
Average gold price received (US$/oz.) 1,249 1,243 1,159 1,388 1,261
Other operating expenses, net (in thousands of US$) 63,514 71,496 82,846 (35,987 ) (76,155 )
Loss for the year (in thousands of US$) (175,454 ) (1,043,752 ) (450,195 ) (95,257 ) (81,517 )

Gold sales. Gold sales ~~decreased by 15%~~increased 12%, or US$~~121~~76 million, from ~~2016~~2018 to ~~2017,~~2019, due to ~~lower~~higher realized gold price and higher ounces ~~sold as a result of lower production.~~sold. Gold ounces produced ~~decreased 18%~~increased 25% due primarily to ~~lower mill throughput,~~higher recovery ~~and grade and lower leach tons placed at a lower grade.~~from La Quinua heap leach.
Costs applicable to sales. Costs applicable to sales include: (i) operating costs, consisting primarily of direct production costs such as mining and treatment of the ore, which are the most significant components of costs applicable to sales, (ii) depreciation and amortization, (iii) write downs of ore on leach pads to net realizable value expense, (iv) reclamation expenses and ~~(iv)~~(v) other costs. Costs applicable to sales ~~decreased~~increased by 4%12% or US$~~29.5~~73 million from ~~2016~~2018 to ~~2017. Ounces sold decreased by 15% from 2016 to 2017.~~2019.
Other operating expenses, net.Other operating expenses, net decreased by ~~11%~~53% or US$840 million from ~~2016~~2018 to ~~2017,~~2019, primarily due to ~~a US$12 million decrease in write-offs for fixed asset, partially offset by the increase in Exploration~~lower exploration and ~~Advance Projects of US$2 million.~~advanced projects expense and lower severance expense.
Income tax benefit (expense).Yanacocha’s financial and operating results included an income and mining tax expense of US$765 million in ~~2017~~2019 compared to an expense of US$~~43.1~~29 million in ~~2016.~~2018. The difference was ~~primarily due~~driven by a lower loss before income tax in 2019 for US$ 30 million as compared to ~~lower~~a loss before tax of US$ 52 millio in 2018 higher valuation allowance on deferred income tax assets in 2019 for US$ 46 million (US$ 24 million in 2018)as well as a increase of non deductible expenses in 2019 for US$13 million (US$ 7 million in 2018), as well the current income includes the income tax ~~and lower royalties and mining taxes.~~
~~Dividends~~contingencies . On February 15, 2016, Yanacocha’s board of directors unanimously agreed to distribute dividends in the amount of US$300 million, which corresponds to a portion of the accumulated results as of December 31, 2014, which were generated in 2011.

9082

Critical Accounting Policies

Yanacocha has furnished us with a discussion of its critical accounting policies or methods used in the preparation of its financial statements. Critical accounting policies are those that are reflective of significant judgments and uncertainties and could potentially impact results under different assumptions and conditions. See Note ~~2.4~~4 to the Yanacocha Consolidated Financial Statements for a more complete listing of standards issued but not effective.

The standards and interpretations that are issued as of the date of Yanacocha’s financial statements but not yet effective and are reasonably expected to have an impact on its disclosures, financial position or performance when applied at a future date, are disclosed below. Yanacocha intends to adopt these standards, if applicable, when they become effective. The standards and interpretations not expected to impact Yanacocha’s disclosures, financial position or performance are not listed below. See Note 42.4 to the Yanacocha Consolidated Financial Statements for a more complete listing of Yanacocha’s accounting policies.

Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018

Sales
Gold sales. Gold sales ~~decreased by 15%~~increased 12%, or US$~~121~~76 million, from ~~2016~~2018 to ~~2017,~~2019, due to ~~lower production.~~higher realized gold price and higher ounces sold. Gold ounces produced ~~decreased 18%~~increased 25% due primarily to ~~lower gold mill production by less throughput, and less gold grade and~~higher recovery ~~by mineral with higher soluble copper content as well as lower leach pad production due to lower gold grade and minerals with higher fine content.~~from La Quinua heap leach. Yanacocha has not engaged in gold price hedging activities, such as forward sales or option contracts, to minimize its exposure to fluctuations in the price of gold.

Costs applicable to sales

Costs applicable to sales for the year ending December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018 comprised:

2017 2016 2019 2018
(US$ in thousands) (US$ in thousands)
Beginning balance of finished goods and in-process 446,503 544,325 341,213 345,489
Beginning balance of provision for net realizable value (84,374 ) (90,298 ) (89,127) (62,540 )
Royalties to related parties 22,297 20,385
Mining royalties to the government 9,255 2,875
Consumption of supplies 240,881 228,376 200,036 215,863
Personnel expenses 99,702 87,258 72,325 82,645
Other services 66,408 73,779 41,120 43,672
Maintenance 24,033 36,213 26,645 22,585
Power 23,565 27,270 23,619 24,203
Depreciation and amortization 87,783 140,712 144,862 156,212
Workers’ profit participation 1,242 12,394 12,804 3,837
Reclamation expenses related to leach pad 124,124 78,494
Reclamation expenses 142,129 16,284
Ending balance of provisions for net realizable value 62,540 84,374 47,925 89,127
Ending balance of finished goods and in-process (345,489 ) (446,503 ) (302,382) (341,213) )
746,918 776,394 692,721 619,424

Costs applicable to sales. Costs applicable to sales include: (i) operating costs, consisting primarily of direct production costs such as mining and treatment of the ore, which are the most significant components of costs applicable to sales, (ii) depreciation and amortization, (iii) write downs of ore on leach pads to net realizable value expense and (iv) other costs. Costs applicable to sales ~~decreased~~increased by 4%12% or US$~~29.5~~73 million from ~~2016~~2018 to ~~2017.~~2019. Costs applicable to sales per ounce of gold increased by ~~18%~~10% from US$~~1,185~~1,186 per ounce in ~~2016~~2018 to US$~~1,397~~1,309 per ounce in ~~2017.~~2019.

Operating costs ~~increased~~decreased by 1%6% from US$~~453~~385 million in ~~2016~~2018 to US$~~455~~363 million in ~~2017.~~2019. Operating costs consist primarily of drilling, blasting, loading, hauling, leaching, milling and ~~milling~~metal recovery costs.

Reclamation expenses ~~related to leach pads~~ of US$~~124~~142 million are due to a non-cash charge to reclamation expenses for the year ended December 31, ~~2017~~2019 related to the areas of Yanacocha’s operations no longer in production. The increase to the reclamation obligation of US$46126 million in 2019 is mainly due to ~~a decrease in the market-based discount rate compared to last year.~~higher water treatment costs.

9183

Workers’ profit participation ~~decreased~~increased by ~~90%~~234%, from US$123.8 million in ~~2016~~2018 to US$113 million in ~~2017.~~2019. This ~~decrease~~increase was ~~directly related to the decrease in Yanacocha’s taxable income from 2016 to 2017.~~driven by higher revenues .. Workers’ profit participation expense is calculated based on taxable net income, ~~and~~ in accordance with Peruvian labor legislation.

The portion of leach pad inventory write-downs associated with costs applicable to sales increased from US$~~5.9~~26.5 million to US$~~21.8~~41.2 million due to ~~the~~ higher ~~future costs.~~stripping ratio.

Depreciation, depletion and amortization decreased by ~~38%~~7% from US$~~141~~156 million in ~~2016~~2018 to US$88145 million in ~~2017.~~2019. This decrease was attributable principally to ~~the effect of impairment in the 2017 depreciation.~~lower net book value assets and lower remain useful life.

Administrative expenses

Administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018 were composed of:

2019 2018
2017 2016 (US$ in thousands)
Management expenses $ 3,395 $ 7,191 1,341 1,317
Other 1,365 1,589 403 1,466
$ 4,760 $ 8,780 1,744 2,783

Other operating expenses, net

Other operating expenses, net for the years ended December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018 were as follows:

2017 2016 2019 2018
(US$ in thousands)
Exploration and advance project $ 51,694 $ 49,580 33,669 62,643
Severance program 9,419 9,659 2,210 8,678
Cost of sales from the sale of fixed assets 2,092 5,445
Tax fine 2,019 3,954
Write-off of fixed assets 1,368 14,036 1,204 -
Revenue from sale of fixed assets (8,088) (4,821)
Others, net 1,033 (1,779 ) 2,881 256
$ 63,514 $ 71,496 35,987 76,155

Exploration and advanced project costs ~~increased~~decreased from US$5063 million in ~~2016~~2018 to US$5234 million in ~~2017.~~2019. This ~~increase~~decrease was primarily due to ~~increased drilling activities~~reserves declaration in ~~2017.~~December 2018 of Sulfides project, therefore this project is in development stage and all the cost incurred were capitalized as part of mine development.

Impairment of long-lived assets

In ~~December 2017,~~2019, Yanacocha ~~performed a formal evaluation~~Management identified as an impairment indicator the significant increase of ~~its cash generating units~~the asset retirement and ~~concluded that there were no impairment indicators~~mine closure, as ~~of December 31, 2017.~~
In 2016, the Company’s management determined that there was objective evidence that its investment in Yanacocha might be impaired. During 2016, compared to prior years, Yanacocha experienced a decrease in the volume of gold produced, an increase in production costs, and a decrease in operating cash flows, all of which resulted from a depletion of Yanacocha’s gold reserves. As a result ~~of these indicators,~~ the Company ~~performed an impairment test in December 2016.~~
~~The~~had to determinate the recoverable amount offor its CGU Yanacocha. Regarding to CGU Conga the Company’s investment in Yanacocha was determined to be US$528.9 million as of December 31, 2016, which was based on a value in use calculation using cash flow projections from Yanacocha’s financial budgets from 2017 to 2026.Management did not identify any important indicator. As a result of this analysis the Company concluded that no additional impairment loss on ~~its investment in~~CGU Yanacocha was required to be recorded as the recoverable amount exceeded the ~~recorded value~~carrying amount of the ~~investment.~~CGU’s assets.

92
~~In performing its impairment testing, the Company determined that the recoverable amount was most sensitive to the following assumptions:~~
· Production volumes: Estimated production volumes are based on detailed life-of-mine plans and take into account development plans for the mines agreed by management as part of the planning process. Production volumes are dependent on a number of variables, such as: the recoverable quantities; the production profile; the cost of the development of the infrastructure necessary to extract the reserves; the production costs; the contractual duration of mining rights; and the selling price of the commodities extracted.
· Commodity prices: Forecasted commodity prices are based on management’s estimates and are derived from forward price curves and long-term views of global supply and demand, building on past experience of the industry and consistent with external sources. Estimated gold prices for the current and long-term periods were as follows: US$1,221/ounce for 2017 and US$1,300/ounce for 2018 and thereafter.
· Discount rate: In calculating the value in use, the Company applied a pre-tax discount rate of 7.1% to the pre-tax cash flows. This discount rate was derived from the Yanacocha’s post-tax weighted average cost of capital, with appropriate adjustments made to reflect the risks specific to the investment.
Income tax provision.

Yanacocha’s financial and operating results included income and mining tax expense of US$765 million in ~~2017~~2019 compared to US$4329 million in ~~2016.~~2018. This ~~decrease~~increase was ~~directly related to lower~~by favorable taxable ~~income.~~income driver by higher revenues, as well the current income includes the income tax contingencies.

84
Net loss
Net loss ~~decreased~~increased by US$~~868~~13.7 million, from net loss of US$~~1,043.7~~81.5 million in ~~2016~~2018 to net loss of US$~~175~~95.2 million in ~~2017,~~2019, mainly explained by ~~the 2016 impairment of US$889 million.~~lower by-products, higher reclamation expenses related to non-operating areas and income tax contingencies, partially offset by higher revenues and lower operating costs

Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, ~~2016~~2018 and ~~2015~~2017

~~Sales~~
~~Gold sales.~~ ~~Gold sales decreased by 26%, or US$278 million, from 2015 to 2016, due to lower ounces sold as~~See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” in our 2018 20-F for a ~~result~~comparative discussion of lower production, partially offset by the increased realized price. Gold ounces produced decreased 29% due primarily to lower mill throughput, recovery and grade and lower leach tons placed at a lower grade. Yanacocha has not engaged in gold price hedging activities, such as forward sales or option contracts, to minimize its exposure to fluctuations in the priceYanacocha’s consolidated results of ~~gold. Production by mine was as follows:~~
Mine⁽¹⁾ 2016 2015
(ounces)
Cerro Yanacocha 176,263 54,677
Carachugo 124,886 87,146
Maqui Maqui 28,105 67,195
La Quinua 188,095 596,638
Cerro Negro 137,584 112,035
Total 654,934 917,690
93
~~Costs applicable to sales~~
~~Costs applicable to sales~~operations for the year ~~ending December 31, 2016 and 2015 comprised:~~
2016 2015
(US$ in thousands)
Beginning balance of finished goods and in-process 544,325 660,763
Beginning balance of provision for net realizable value (90,298 ) (163,094 )
Consumption of supplies 228,376 210,384
Personnel expenses 87,258 102,867
Other services 73,779 76,490
Maintenance 36,213 38,646
Power 27,270 27,713
Depreciation and amortization 140,712 223,142
Workers’ profit participation 12,394 28,852
Reclamation expenses related to leach pad 78,494 -
Ending balance of provisions for net realizable value 84,374 90,298
Ending balance of finished goods and in-process (446,503 ) (544,325 )
776,394 751,736
~~Costs applicable to sales~~. Costs applicable to sales include: (i) operating costs, consisting primarily of direct production costs such as mining and treatment of the ore, which are the most significant components of costs applicable to sales, (ii) workers’ participation profit sharing of 8% of pre-tax profits based on Peruvian labor legislation, (iii) write downs of ore on leach pads to net realizable value expense and (iv) other costs. Costs applicable to sales increased by 3% or US$25 million from 2015 to 2016. Costs applicable to sales per ounce of gold increased by 49% from US$819 in 2015 to US$1,219 in 2016.
~~Operating costs decreased by 1% from US$456 million in 2015 to US$453 million in 2016. Operating costs consist primarily of drilling, blasting, loading, hauling and milling costs.~~
~~Reclamation expenses related to leach pads of US$78 million is due to a non-cash charge to reclamation expenses for the quarter~~ ended December 31, 2016, related to the areas of Yanacocha’s operations no longer in production. The increase to the reclamation liability is primarily due to higher estimated long-term water management costs, heap leach earthworks2018 and ~~related support activities.~~
Workers’ profit participation decreased by 57%, from US$29 million in 2015 to US$12 million in 2016. This decrease was directly related to the decrease in Yanacocha’s taxable income from 2015 to 2016. Workers’ profit participation expense is calculated based on taxable net income and in accordance with Peruvian labor legislation.
~~The portion of leach pad inventory write-downs associated with costs applicable to sales decreased from US$72,8 million to US$5.9 million due to the lower mineral in stock.~~
Inventory variation decreased by 16% from US$116.4 million in 2015 to US$97.8 million in 2016, which increased costs applicable to sales, due to lower consumption of ounces in stock offset by higher costs per ounce in stock compared to the prior year.
Depreciation, depletion and amortization decreased by 37% from US$223 million in 2015 to US$141 million in 2016. This decrease was attributable principally to lower depreciation associated with asset retirement costs and deferred mine development.
~~Administrative expenses~~
~~Administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were composed of:~~
2016 2015
Management expenses $ 7,191 $ 18,108
Community development expenses and external affairs - 6,297
Other 1,589 1,920
$ 8,780 $ 26,325
94
~~Other operating expenses, net~~
~~Other operating expenses, net for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:~~
2016 2015
Exploration and advance project $ 49,580 $ 64,230
Severance program 9,659 14,904
Write-off of fixed assets 14,036 2,411
Others, net (1,779 ) 1,301
$ 71,496 $ 82,846
Exploration and advanced project costs decreased from US$64 million in 2015 to US$50 million in 2016. This decrease was primarily due to less drilling activity in 2016, reduction in the number of drill machines (from ten in 2015 to three in 2016) and lower headcount expenses in 2016 as compared to 2015.
~~Impairment of long-lived assets~~
As a result of the recoverable amount analysis performed during the year, Yanacocha recorded an impairment loss related to the Yanacocha mine of US$889.5 million (US$872.2 million and US$17.3 million related to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, respectively). In 2015, Yanacocha did not recognize an impairment loss. In 2014, Yanacocha recorded an impairment loss amounting to US$541.1 million related to the Conga project, and no loss was recorded for the Yanacocha mine.
~~Key assumptions used for the impairment testing as of December 31, 2016 included:~~
~~Production volumes~~: Estimated production volumes are based on detailed life-of-mine plans and take into account development plans for the mines agreed by management as part of the planning process. Production volumes are dependent on a number of variables, such as: the recoverable quantities; the production profile; the cost of the development of the infrastructure necessary to extract the reserves; the production costs; the contractual duration of mining rights; and the selling price of the commodities extracted.
As each producing mining unit has specific reserve characteristics and economic circumstances, the cash flows of the mines are computed using appropriate individual economic models and key assumptions established by management. The production profiles used were consistent with the reserves and resource volumes approved as part of Yanacocha’s process for the estimation of proved and probable reserves and resource estimates.
~~Commodity prices~~: Forecasted commodity prices are based on management’s estimates and are derived from forward price curves and long-term views of global supply and demand, building on past experience of the mining industry and consistent with external sources. These prices were adjusted to arrive at appropriate consistent price assumptions for the different qualities and type of commodities, or, where appropriate, contracted prices were applied. These prices are reviewed at least annually.
~~Estimated prices for the current and long-term periods that have been used to estimate future revenues are as follows:~~

Current

Long-term

Gold (per ounce) US$ 1,221 US$ 1,300
~~Discount rate~~: In calculating the value in use, a pre-tax discount rate of 7.1% was applied to the pre-tax cash flows. This discount rate is derived from Yanacocha’s post-tax weighted average cost of capital, with appropriate adjustments made to reflect the risks specific to the cash generating unit.
~~Income tax provision.~~
Yanacocha’s financial and operating results included income and mining tax expense of US$43 million in 2016 compared to US$602.7 million in 2015. This decrease was directly related to the decrease in Yanacocha’s income from 2016 to 2015.
95
~~Net loss~~
Net loss increased by US$593.6 million, from net loss of US$450.2 million in 2015 to net loss of US$1,043.7 million in 2016, mainly explained by an impairment adjustment of US$889.5 million, partially offset by the write-off of the deferred income tax asset recorded in 2015 of US$483.0 million.2017.

B. B. Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, Yanacocha had cash and cash equivalents of US$~~675~~819 million, substantially all of which were held in U.S. Dollars, as compared to US$~~677~~723 million as of December 31, ~~2016.~~2018.

Cash provided by operating activities

Yanacocha generated net cash flow from operations of US$95272 million in ~~2017~~2019 and US$~~140~~161 million in ~~2016.~~2018. The net cash flow from operations in ~~2017~~2019 was ~~32%~~69% or US$45111 million ~~lower~~higher than in ~~2016.~~2018. The ~~decrease~~increase was primarily driven by ~~lower~~higher gold sales ~~due to~~and lower ~~gold production.~~operating costs.

Yanacocha generated net cash flow from operations of US$140 million in 2016 and US$274 million in 2015. The net cash flow from operations in 2016 was 49% or US$134 million lower than in 2015. The decrease was primarily driven by lower gold sales.
Cash used in investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities was US$49176 million in ~~2017~~2019 compared to US$~~106~~161 million in ~~2016.~~2018. The ~~decrease~~increase in cash used in investing activities was mainly due to ~~the completion of the Northern Tailings~~investment in Quecher Main project and ~~a decrease in investments in major replacements for our assets, predominantly due to improvements in monitoring the condition of our equipment.~~
Net cash used in investing activities was US$106 million in 2016 compared to US$117 million in 2015. The decrease in cash used in investing activities was mainly due to lower costs associated with the construction of the water treatment plant located in Quinua (in 2015 the purchase of older equipment was made) and a decrease in investments in replacement components for our assets, predominantly due to improvements in monitoring the condition of our equipment, which offset higher expenses in 2016 related to the Yanacocha ~~Laybacks Project for the construction of the Northern Tailings~~Sulfides project.

Cash used in financing activities

Net cash used in financing activities was US$0.3 million in 2019, as compared to cash generated was US$48 million in ~~2017, as compared to US$300 million in 2016.~~2018. The decrease was ~~primarily driven by~~due to on June 14, 2018, Yanacocha’s partners approved the ~~fact that Yanacocha did not distribute dividends in 2017. In addition, on December 22, 2017, Yancocha repurchased~~issue and sale of 63,922,565 shares ~~owned by International Finance Corporation (“IFC”) for US$48 million, which represented the 5% of the capital stock of Yanacocha.~~to Summit Global Management II BV.

Net cash used in financing activities was US$300 million in 2016, (US$0 million in 2015 and 2014). On February 15, 2016, Yanacocha’s board of directors unanimously agreed to distribute dividends in the amount of US$300 million, in proportion to each shareholder’s equity interest, which corresponds to a portion of the accumulated results as of December 31, 2014 generated in 2011.Capital Expenditures
C. ~~Capital Expenditures~~

In ~~2017,~~2019, Yanacocha’s principal capital expenditures of US$51184 million ~~included the access road construction at the~~were mainly related to Sulfides project, Quecher ~~project, the expansion of the tailing facilities for Yanacocha stockpiles 6~~Main development capital spend and ~~7 and major~~ components ~~of the mail fleet.~~assets.

C. D. Research and Development

~~Yanacocha is a mining exploration and production company and does not engage in research and development activities.~~Not applicable.
96

D. E. Trend Information

Other than as disclosed in this Annual Report and the Yanacocha Consolidated Financial Statements (included elsewhere in this Annual Report), Yanacocha has informed us that it is not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events which are reasonably likely to have a material effect upon Yanacocha’s net sales or revenues, income from continuing operations, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that would cause reported financial information to not necessarily be indicative of future operating results or financial condition.

E. F. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Yanacocha has informed us that there are no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on Yanacocha’s financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.

G.85
F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations

The following table shows Yanacocha’s contractual obligations as of December 31, ~~2017:~~2019:

Payments due by Period (US$ in millions)
Total Less than 1 year 1-3 years 3-5 years More than 5 years
Long-Term Debt - - - - -
Capital Lease Obligations - - - - -
Reclamation and Remediation Liability 1,235 19 56 90 1,070
Open Purchase Orders receipt - - - - -
Other Long-Term Obligations 22 - 22 - -
Total Contractual Cash Obligations 1,257 19 78 90 1,070
Payments due by Period (US$ in millions)
Total Less than 1 year 1-3 years 3-5 years More than 5 years
Debt instruments 43 - 43 - -
Right of use liability 0.3 0.3 - - -
Trade accounts payable 46 46 - - -
Other Short-Term Obligations 11 11 - - -
Total Contractual Cash Obligations 100.3 57.3 43 . -

9786

CERRO VERDE

Introduction

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Cerro Verde Financial Statements as of December 31, ~~2016~~2018 and ~~2017~~2019 and for the years ended December 31, ~~2015, 2016,~~2017, 2018 and ~~2017~~2019 and the related Notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual ~~Report.~~Report, and (ii) Item 5 to our 2018 20-F. The Cerro Verde Financial Statements are prepared and presented in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB.

A. Operating Results

Overview

We hold a 19.58% interest in Cerro Verde, which operates an open-pit copper and molybdenum mining complex located 20 miles southwest of Arequipa, Peru. The site is accessible by paved highway. The Cerro Verde mine has been in operation since 1976, and was previously owned by the Peruvian government before its privatization in 1993. Freeport-McMoRan Inc. holds a majority interest in Cerro Verde.

The Cerro Verde mine is a porphyry copper deposit that has leachable oxide and secondary sulfide mineralization, and millable primary sulfide mineralization. The predominant oxide copper minerals are brochantite, chrysocolla, malachite and copper “pitch.” Chalcocite and covellite are the most important secondary copper sulfide minerals. Chalcopyrite and molybdenite are the dominant primary sulfides.

In September 2015, Cerro Verde’s expansion project commenced operations. The project achieved full capacity operating rates during the first quarter of 2016. The project, with a cost of US$5.3 billion, expanded the processing capacity from 120,000 metric tons of ore per day to 360,000 metric tons of ore per day.

Cerro Verde’s ~~current operations consist~~operation consists of an open-pit copper mine, with a ~~360,000~~processing capacity of 548,500 metric tons-per-day that includes (i) concentrator facilities with a 409,500 metric ton-per-day ~~concentrator~~capacity (361,500 metric tons-per-day prior to the expansion approved by the MEM during 2018), (ii) solution extraction and electrowinning (SX/EW) leaching ~~facilities. Leach-copper~~facilities with leach copper production is derived from a 39,000 metric ton-per-day crushed leach facility and (iii) a run-of-mine (ROM) leach ~~system.~~system with a capacity of 100,000 metric tons-per-day. This SX/EW leaching operation has a production capacity of approximately 200 million pounds of copper per year.

Cerro Verde has sufficient equipment to move an average of ~~308,000~~947,000 tons of material per day using a fleet of haul trucks. Copper cathodes and concentrate production are transported approximately 70 miles by truck and rail to the Pacific Port of Matarani for shipment to international markets.

Cerro Verde receives electrical power under long-term contracts with electric utility companies. Water for Cerro Verde’s processing operations comes from renewable sources through a series of storage reservoirs, which Cerro Verde believes will be sufficient to support its currently planned operations.

Presented in the table below are certain summary financial and operating data regarding Cerro Verde for the years ended December 31, ~~2015, 2016~~2017, 2018 and ~~2017:~~2019:

As of and for the year ended December 31,
2015 2016 2017
Income statement data⁽¹⁾
Sales of goods (US$ in thousands) 1,115,617 2,384,154 3,202,931
Profit for the year (US$ in thousands) 33,284 340,907 349,881

Proven and Probable Reserves⁽²⁾
Proven:
Leachable ore reserves (tons in thousands) 47,603 43,000 45,000
Millable ore reserves (tons in thousands) 925,365 854,000 885,000
Probable:
Leachable ore reserves (tons in thousands) 104,963 78,000 61,000
Millable ore reserves (tons in thousands) 2,778,009 2,698,000 2,586,000
Average copper grade of leachable ore reserves (%) 0.35 0.32 0.29
Average copper grade of millable ore reserves (%) 0.38 0.37 0.37

Production⁽³⁾
Cathodes (in thousands of recoverable pounds) 105,077 107,960 82,180
Concentrates (in thousands of recoverable pounds) 439,405 999,850 980,030
Average realized price of copper sold (US$ per ton payable) 4,518 4,759 6,637
As of and for the year ended December 31,
2018 2019
Income statement data⁽¹⁾
Sales (US$ in thousands) 3,054,026 2,890,066
Profit for the year (US$ in thousands) 119,710 390,377

Proven and Probable Reserves⁽²⁾
Proven:
Leachable ore reserves (metric tons in thousands) 44,000 65,000
Millable ore reserves (metric tons in thousands) 830,000 809,000
Probable:
Leachable ore reserves (metric tons in thousands) 89,000 31,000
Millable ore reserves (tons in thousands) 3,361,000 3,361,000
Average copper grade of leachable ore reserves (%) 0.25 0.23
Average copper grade of millable ore reserves (%) 0.36 0.35

Production⁽³⁾
Cathodes (in thousands of recoverable pounds) 87,583 88,098
Concentrates (in thousands of recoverable pounds) 961,846 915,678
Average realized price of copper sold (US$ per ton payable) 6,422 6,360

9887


(1) Derived from Cerro Verde’s financial statements. See the Cerro Verde Financial Statements, including the Notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report.

(2) Reserve calculations are derived from “Item 3. Key Information – A. Selected Financial Data”. Cerro Verde used US$~~2.00~~2.5 per pound of copper to determine copper as of December 31, ~~2017.~~2019. The calculation or estimation of proven and probable ore reserves for Cerro Verde may differ in some respects from the calculations of proven and probable reserves for us and Yanacocha located elsewhere in this Annual Report. According to Cerro Verde, ore estimates for Cerro Verde are based upon engineering evaluations of assay values derived from samplings of drill holes and other openings. Cerro Verde’s ore estimates include assessments of the resource, mining and metallurgy, as well as consideration of economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social and governmental factors, including projected long-term prices for copper and molybdenum and Cerro Verde’s estimate of future cost trends.

(3) Derived from “Item 3. Key Information – A. Selected Financial Data”.

Cerro Verde Mining Royalties

On June 23, 2004, Law N° 28528 was approved, which requires the holder of a mineral concession to pay a royalty in return for the exploitation of metallic and non-metallic minerals. The royalty is calculated using rates ranging from 1% to 3% of the value of concentrate or its equivalent according to the international price of the commodity published by the MEM. As described in Note ~~14(a) to the Cerro Verde Financial Statements,~~13(a), prior to January 1, 2014, ~~Cerro Verde~~the Company determined that these royalties were not applicable because it operated under the 1998 Stability Agreement with the Peruvian government. However, beginning January 1, 2014, ~~Cerro Verde~~the Company began paying royalties calculated on operating income with rates between 1% ~~and~~to 12% and a new special mining tax for its entire production base under its current 15-year stability ~~agreement.~~agreement, which became effective January 1, 2014. See Note ~~14(b) to the Cerro Verde Financial Statements~~13(b) for a summary of amounts recognized by ~~Cerro Verde~~the Company for special mining tax and mining royalties for the years ended December 31, ~~2017, 2016~~2019 and ~~2015.~~2018.
~~Superintendencia Nacional de Administración Tributaria~~ ~~(“SUNAT”), has~~SUNAT assessed mining royalties on materials processed by ~~Cerro Verde’s~~the Company’s concentrator, which commenced operations in late 2006. These assessments cover the period December 2006 to December ~~2011.~~2013. The Company contested each of these assessments because it believes that its 1998 stability agreement exempts from royalties all minerals extracted from its mining concession, irrespective of the method used for processing such minerals. No assessments can be issued for years after 2013, as the Company began paying royalties on all of its production in January 2014 under its new 15-year stability agreement

~~SUNAT issued resolutions denying~~On October 29, 2019, the ~~claims made by Cerro Verde from December 2006 through December 2009. Cerro Verde appealed this decision~~Company completed the payments of disputed assessments related to ~~tax court. On June 20, 2013, the Peruvian Tax Tribunal issued two decisions reaffirming assessments~~mining royalties for the period December 2006 ~~through December 2008. Decisions by the tax court ended the administrative stage of the appeal procedures for these assessments.~~
~~On September 18, 2013, Cerro Verde filed two administrative demands in the court system. In connection with demands for the periods December 2006~~ to December ~~2007,~~2008 that were under an installment program since 2014, Under that installment program, the ~~Twentieth Tax~~Company made payments totaling S/711.1 million (US$221.9 million based on the date of payment exchange rate and Customs Specialized Contentious Administrative Court of Lima dismissed this claim. On May 2, 2016, Cerro Verde appealed this decision. The Seventh Contentious Administrative Court dismissed this claim in July 2017. On August 9, 2017, Cerro Verde appealedUS$214.4 million based on the ~~decision to the Supreme Court.~~
December 31, 2019, exchange rate). With respect to the judiciary appeal related to ~~the assessment~~disputed royalty assessments for the year ~~2008,~~2006-2007, on ~~December 17, 2014,~~August 9, 2017, the ~~Eighteenth~~Company filed a cassation appeal before the Supreme Court against the resolution issued by the Seventh Contentious Administrative Court, ~~rendered its~~which was admitted in December 2017. The oral hearing before the Supreme Court took place on November 20, 2018 and their decision ~~upholding Cerro Verde’s position and nullifying SUNAT’s assessment and~~is pending.
In September 2018, the Peruvian Tax ~~Tribunal’s~~Tribunal confirmed SUNAT’s resolution ~~(S/106.4 million). The Court’s position also invalidates all~~that ordered the payment of royalties and denied the Company’s request to waive penalties and interest ~~assessed by SUNAT~~ for ~~that~~the period ~~(S/139.7 million). In December 2014, SUNAT appealed this decision. On~~ January ~~29, 2016,~~2009 through September 2011. The Company elected not to appeal the ~~Sixth Superior Justice Court nullified the decision of the Eighteenth Contentious Administrative Court. On February 23, 2016, Cerro Verde appealed the~~Tax Tribunal’s decision to the ~~Supreme Court. On~~Peruvian Judiciary and is assessing alternative mechanisms to defend its rights.
In October ~~6, 2017,~~2018, SUNAT notified the ~~Supreme Court issued a ruling in favor of SUNAT that~~Company demands for payments based on the ~~assessments of mining royalties~~Tax Tribunal’s decisions for the ~~year 2008~~period January 2009 to September 2011. The Company requested, and was granted two installment payment programs, including a six-month deferral and 66 equal monthly payments for each one, for the period January 2009 through September 2011. Total debt as of December 31, 2019 is S/1.0 billion (approximately US$314.1 million based on ~~ore processed by~~ the ~~Cerro Verde concentrator were proper under Peruvian law.~~December 31, 2019, exchange rate, including deferred interest, interest and penalties of US$202.8 million). As of December 31, 2019, the Company has made payments totaling S/315.1 million (US$94.7 million based on the date of payment exchange rate and US$95.0 million based on the December 31, 2019, exchange rate).

9988

On October 1, 2013, SUNAT served Cerro Verde a demand for payment totaling S/492 million (approximately US$151.5 million based on the December 31, 2017 exchange rate, including interest and penalties of US$89.2 million) based on the Peruvian Tax Tribunal’s decisions for the period December 2006 to December 2008. As permitted by law, Cerro Verde requested, and was granted, an installment payment program that deferred payment for six months and thereafter satisfies the amount via 66 equal monthly payments. As of December 31, 2017, Cerro Verde has made payments totaling S/459.7 million (US$145.9 million based on the exchange rate on the date of payment and US$141.7 million based on December 31, 2017 exchange rates) under the installment program, which are presented in the non-current portion of other non-financial assets in the statements of financial position. See Note 14 to the Cerro Verde Financial Statements.
In July 2013, a hearing on SUNAT’s assessment for 2009 was held, but no decision has been issued by the Peruvian Tax Tribunal for that year. As of December 31, 2017, the amount of the assessment, including interest and penalties, for the year 2009 was S/289.2 million (approximately US$89.1 million based on the December 31, 2017 exchange rate, including interest and penalties of US$56.2 million).
In April 2016, Cerro Verde received assessments from SUNAT for the year 2010 and for January to September 2011. On May 11, 2016, Cerro Verde appealed these assessments. On March 1, 2017, SUNAT issued resolutions denying Cerro Verde’s claims. On March 22, 2017, Cerro Verde appealed this decision to the tax court. As of December 31, 2017, the amount of assessments from SUNAT including interest and penalties for the year 2010 and from January to September 2011 is S/586.5 million (approximately US$180.7 million based on the December 31, 2017 exchange rate, including interest and penalties of US$99.9 million).
On January 18, 2018, ~~Cerro Verde~~the Company received assessments from SUNAT related to mining royalties for the fourth quarter ~~2011. Cerro Verde plans~~of 2011, on February 15, 2018, the Company appealed these assessments and SUNAT issued resolutions denying this appeal. On November 21, 2018, the Company appealed SUNAT’s resolution to the Tax Court. On December 4, 2019, the Company received a resolution denying the appeal ~~these assessments. As~~ of ~~December 31, 2017, the amount of the~~ assessments ~~from SUNAT including interest and penalties~~ for the fourth quarter ~~2011 is~~of 2011. On December 18, 2019, SUNAT notified the Company of its demands for payment and on December 26, 2019, the Company paid the total debt of S/~~49.8~~57.6 million ~~(approximately~~(US$17.3 million based on the date of payment exchange rate and US$~~15.3~~17.4 million based on the December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, exchange rate). Also, on January 18, 2018, the Company received assessments from SUNAT related to special mining tax from the fourth quarter of 2011 to the fourth quarter of 2012. The Company appealed these assessments and SUNAT issued resolutions denying this appeal. Consequently, the Company appealed these assessments to the Tax Court which was also denied the appeal in July 2019. The Company then requested, and was granted an installment payment program, including a six-month deferral and 66 equal monthly payments, for the fourth quarter of 2011 through the fourth quarter of 2012. Total debt as of December 31, 2019, is S/255.8 million (approximately US$77.1 million based on the December 31, 2019, exchange rate, including deferred interest, interest and penalties of US$40.5 million). Payments for this installment program will start in the first quarter of 2020.
On April 18, 2018, the Company received assessments from SUNAT related to mining royalties for the year 2012. On May 17, 2018, the Company appealed these assessments. On January 23, 2019, the Company received a resolution issued by SUNAT denying the appeal of assessments for the year 2012. The Company decided not to appeal these resolutions. The Company requested, and was granted an installment payment program, including a six-month deferral and 66 equal monthly payments, for the year 2012. Total debt as of December 31, 2019, is S/266.1 million (approximately US$80.2 million based on the December 31, 2019, exchange rate, including deferred interest, interest and penalties of US$45.7 million). The Company has made payments totaling S/65.7 million (US$19.5 million based on the date of payment exchange rate and US$19.8 million based on the December 31, 2019, exchange rate).
On October 10, 2018, the Company received assessments from SUNAT related to mining royalties and special mining tax for the year 2013. On November 7, 2018, the Company appealed these assessments. On May 28, 2019, the Company received resolutions issued by SUNAT denying the appeal of these assessments for the year 2013. The Company decided not to appeal these resolutions. The Company requested, and was granted two installment payment programs, including a six-month deferral and 66 equal monthly payments for each one, for the year 2013. As of December 31, 2019, the amount of these assessments, including interest and penalties for mining royalties for the year 2013 is S/183.9 million (approximately US$55.4 million based on the December 31, 2019, exchange rate including interest and penalties of US$~~7.8~~29.5 million).
~~As a result of~~ and for the ~~unfavorable Supreme Court decision on the 2008 royalty matter, Cerro Verde recorded net charges totaling US$393 million~~special mining tax for the year ~~ended~~2013 is S/151.0 million (approximately US$45.5 million based on the December 31, ~~2017, associated with disputed royalty assessments~~2019, exchange rate including interest and ~~potential royalty and related assessments~~penalties of US$22.1 million). Payments for these installment programs will start in the ~~period December 2006 through the year 2013. See Note 14(b), Note 18 and Note 19 to the Cerro Verde Financial Statements. Cerro Verde intends to seek a waiver available under Peruvian law~~first quarter of ~~penalties and interest associated with this matter and has not recorded charges for potential unpaid penalties and interest totaling US$385 million as of December 31, 2017.~~2020.

In December 2017, as a result of the unfavorable Supreme Court decision on the 2008 royalty matter, ~~Cerro Verde~~the Company requested the return of the amounts that would have been ~~paid~~ in excess for ~~the GEM (September 2012 to December 2013),~~ FONAVI (National Housing Fund) (December 2012 to December 2013), GEM (fourth quarter 2011 until the fourth quarter 2012) and customs duties (2013).

The Company acted in good faith in applying the provisions of its 1998 Stability Agreement and continues to evaluate alternatives to defend its rights.

~~100~~
Critical Accounting Policies

Cerro Verde has furnished us with a discussion of its critical accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of its financial statements. Critical accounting policies are defined as those that are reflective of significant judgments and uncertainties and could potentially impact results under different assumptions and conditions. Note 2 to the Cerro Verde Financial Statements includes a summary of the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of the Cerro Verde Financial Statements. The following is a brief discussion of the identified critical accounting policies and the estimates and judgments made by Cerro Verde.
~~Estimates of Ore Reserves and Resources~~Contingencies

~~Mineral reserves are the parts of mineral deposit ore that can~~By their nature, contingencies will only be ~~economically and legally extracted from the mine concessions. Cerro Verde estimates its mineral reserves based on information compiled by individuals qualified in reference~~resolved only when one or more uncertain future events occur or fail to ~~geological data about the size, depth and form~~occur. The assessment of the ~~ore body,~~existence and ~~requires geological judgments in order to interpret~~potential amount of contingencies inherently involves the ~~data.~~
~~The estimation~~exercise of ~~recoverable reserves involves numerous uncertainties with respect to the ultimate geology of the ore body, including quantities, grades~~significant judgment and recovery rates. Estimating the quantity and grade of mineral reserves requires Cerro Verde to determine the size, shape and depth of the ore body by analyzing geological data. In addition to the geology, assumptions are required to determine the economic feasibility of mining the reserves, including estimates of future commodity prices and demand, future requirements of capital and production costs and estimated exchange rates. Revisions in reserve or resource estimates have an impact on the value of mining properties, property, plant and equipment, provisions for cost of mine closure, recognition of assets for deferred taxes and depreciation and amortization of assets.
~~UOP Depreciation~~
Estimated mineral reserves are used in determining the depreciation and/or amortization of mine-specific assets. This results in a depreciation/amortization charge proportional to the depletion of the anticipated remaining life-of-mine production. The life of each item, which is assessed at least annually, is impacted by both its physical life limitations and present assessments of economically recoverable reserves of the mine property where the asset is located. These calculations require the use of estimates ~~and assumptions, including~~regarding the ~~amount~~outcome of ~~recoverable reserves.~~future events.

89
Stripping cost
Cerro Verde incurs waste removal costs (stripping costs) during the development and production phases of its surface mining operations. During the production phase, stripping costs (production stripping costs) can be incurred both in relation to the production of inventory in that period and the creation of improved access and mining flexibility in relation to ore to be mined in the future. The former are included as part of the costs of inventory, while the latter are capitalized as asset stripping activities, where certain criteria are met.
Inventories

Net realizable value tests are performed at least annually and represent the estimated future sales price of the product based on prevailing spot metals prices, less estimated costs to complete production and bring the inventory to sale. Additionally, in calculating the net realizable value of Cerro Verde’s long-term stockpiles, Cerro Verde’s management also considers the time value of money.

Mill and leach stockpiles generally contain lower grade ores that have been extracted from the ore body and are available for copper recovery. Mill stockpiles contain sulfide ores and recovery of metal is through milling and concentrating. Leach stockpiles contain oxide ores and certain secondary sulfide ores and recovery of metal is through exposure to acidic solutions that dissolve contained copper and deliver it in a solution to extraction processing facilities.

Because it is generally impracticable to determine copper contained in mill and leach stockpiles by physical count, a reasonable estimation method is employed. The quantity of material delivered to mill and leach stockpiles is based on surveyed volumes of mined material and daily production records. Sampling and assaying of blast hole cuttings determine the estimated copper grades of material delivered to mill and leach stockpiles.

Expected copper recovery rates for mill stockpiles are determined by metallurgical testing. The recoverable copper in mill stockpiles, once entered into the production process, can be produced into copper concentrate almost immediately.

Determination of mineral reserves
Mineral reserves are the parts of mineral deposit ore that can be economically and legally extracted from the mine concessions. Cerro Verde estimates its mineral reserves based on information compiled by individuals qualified in reference to geological data about the size, depth and form of the ore body, and requires geological judgments in order to interpret the data.
The estimation of recoverable reserves involves numerous uncertainties with respect to the ultimate geology of the ore body, including quantities, grades and recovery rates. Estimating the quantity and grade of mineral reserves requires Cerro Verde to determine the size, shape and depth of the ore body by analyzing geological data. In addition to the geology, assumptions are required to determine the economic feasibility of mining the reserves, including estimates of future commodity prices and demand, future requirements of capital and production costs and estimated exchange rates. Revisions in reserve or resource estimates have an impact on the value of mining properties, property, plant and equipment, provisions for cost of mine closure, recognition of assets for deferred taxes and depreciation and amortization of assets.
Units of production Depreciation
Estimated mineral reserves are used in determining the depreciation and/or amortization of mine-specific assets. This results in a depreciation/amortization charge proportional to the depletion of the anticipated remaining life-of-mine production. The life of each item, which is assessed at least annually, is impacted by both its physical life limitations and present assessments of economically recoverable reserves of the mine property where the asset is located. These calculations require the use of estimates and assumptions, including the amount of recoverable reserves.
~~101~~90


Expected copper recovery rates for leach stockpiles are determined using small-scale laboratory tests, historical trends and other factors, including mineralogy of the ore and rock type. Total copper recovery in leach stockpiles can vary significantly depending on several variables, including type of copper recovery, mineralogy and the size of the rock. For newly placed material of active stockpiles, as much as 80% of total copper recovery may be extracted during the first year, and the remaining copper may be recovered over many years. Processes and recovery rates are monitored continuously, and recovery rate estimates are adjusted periodically as additional information becomes available and as related technology changes.

Provision for remediation and Mine Closure ~~Provision~~

Cerro Verde assesses its provision for remediation and mine closure quarterly. It is necessary to make estimates and assumptions in determining this provision, including cost estimates of activities that are necessary for the rehabilitation of the site, technological and regulatory changes, interest rates and inflation rates. As discussed in Note 2(j) to the Cerro Verde Financial Statements, estimated changes in the fair value of the provision for remediation and mine closure or the useful life of the related assets are recognized as an increase or decrease in the book value of the provision and related asset retirement cost (“ARC”) in accordance with IAS 16, “Property, Plant and Equipment.”

According to Cerro Verde’s accounting policies, the provision for remediation and mine closure represents the present value of the costs that are expected to be incurred in the closure period of the operating activities of Cerro Verde. Closure budgets are reviewed regularly to take into account any significant change in the studies conducted. Nevertheless, the closure costs of mining units will depend on the market prices for the closure work required, which would reflect future economic conditions. Also, the timing of disbursements depends on the useful life of the mine, which is based on estimates of future commodity prices.

If any change in the estimate results in an increase to the provision for remediation and mine closure and related ARC, Cerro Verde shall consider whether or not this is an indicator of impairment of the assets and will apply impairment tests in accordance with IAS 36, “Impairments of Assets.”

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

Cerro Verde has determined that its operations consist of one cash generating unit. Therefore, Cerro Verde’s operations are evaluated at least annually in order to determine if there are impairment indicators. If any such indication exists, Cerro Verde makes an estimate of the recoverable amount, which is the greater of the fair value less costs to sell and the value in use. These assessments require the use of estimates and assumptions, such as long-term commodity prices, discount rates, operating costs and others.

Fair value is defined as the amount that would be obtained from the sale of the asset in an arm’s-length transaction between willing and knowledgeable parties. The fair value of assets is generally determined as the current value of future cash flows derived from the continuous use of the asset, which includes estimates, such as the cost of future expansion plans and eventual disposal, while applying assumptions that an independent market participant may take into account. The cash flows are discounted by applying a discount rate that reflects the current market, the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset.

~~Contingencies~~
By their nature, contingencies will only be resolved only when one or more uncertain future events occur or fail to occur. The assessment of the existence and potential amount of contingencies inherently involves the exercise of significant judgment and the use of estimates regarding the outcome of future events.
~~Stripping cost~~
Cerro Verde incurs waste removal costs (stripping costs) during the development and production phases of its surface mining operations. During the production phase, stripping costs (production stripping costs) can be incurred both in relation to the production of inventory in that period and the creation of improved access and mining flexibility in relation to ore to be mined in the future. The former are included as part of the costs of inventory, while the latter are capitalized as asset stripping activities, where certain criteria are met.
~~102~~
Once Cerro Verde has identified its production stripping costs for each surface mining operation, it identifies the separate components of the ore bodies for each of its mining operations. An identifiable component is the specific volume of the ore body that is made more accessible by the stripping activity. Significant judgment is required to identify and define these components, and also to determine the expected volumes (e.g., in tons) of waste to be stripped and ore to be mined in each of these components.

Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018
~~Net sales.~~Sales. ~~Net sales,~~Sales, including ~~and~~ mark-to-market adjustments for pounds of copper pending settlement, ~~increased~~decreased by ~~34%~~5%, from US$~~2,384.1~~3,054.0 million in ~~2016~~2018 to US$~~3,202.9~~2,890.1 million in ~~2017,~~2019, principally due to ~~an increase~~lower sales volume and a decrease in the average realized copper price. The following table reflects the average realized price and volume sold of copper (both cathode and concentrate) during the years ended December 31, ~~2016~~2018 and ~~2017:~~2019:

Year ended December 31, Year ended December 31,
2016 2017 Variation 2018 2019 Variation
Average price
Copper (US$ per ton) 4,759 6,637 28 % 6,422 6,360 -1 %

Volume sold
Volume sold (unaudited)
Copper (in tons) 501,000 482,587 -4 % 475,574 454,432 -4 %

91

Average realized copper prices per ton ~~increased~~decreased from US$~~4,759~~6,422 in ~~2016~~2018 to US$~~6,637~~6,360 in ~~2017.~~2019. The volume of copper sold decreased from ~~501,000~~475,574 tons in ~~2016~~2018 to ~~482,587~~454,432 tons in ~~2017.~~2019. The combined effect of these changes resulted in a US$~~0.8~~164.0 million ~~increase~~decrease in income from sales of copper in ~~2017~~2019 compared to ~~2016.~~2018.
Total costs of sales of goods. Total costs of sales of goods ~~increased~~decreased from US$~~1,553.0~~2,011.0 million in ~~2016~~2018 to US$~~1,768.2~~1,954.7 million in ~~2017,~~2019, due mainly to the net effect of the following:

(a)       Labor costs, including workers’ profit sharing, ~~increased~~decreased by ~~33%~~20%, from US$~~215.8~~357.7 million in ~~2016~~2018 to US$~~286.1~~285.1 million in ~~2017,~~2019, mainly due to ~~an increase~~a union agreement bonus payment as part of the new collective labor agreement in ~~profit sharing associated with higher income;~~2018.

(b)       ~~Material and supplies consumption cost increased~~Energy costs decreased by ~~12%~~10%, from US$~~496.9~~254.2 million in ~~2016~~2018 to US$~~556.0~~228.9 million in ~~2017~~2019 due to ~~major mine components repair and higher supplies consumption in concentrator plants.~~lower power price (0.0639 vs 0.0717 $/kwh).

(c)       The variation of in process inventories increased from a favorable balance of US$3.8 million in 2016 to an unfavorable US$51.4 million in 2017 as a result of increased quantity of lower concentrate grade material removed during 2017; and
~~(d)~~       Repair and maintenance services increased by ~~44%%~~14%, from US$~~100.9~~159.5 million in ~~2016~~2018 to US$~~144.8~~181.2 million in ~~2017.~~2019.
(d)       Depreciation and amortization increased by 4%, from US$512.3 million in 2018 to US$535.0 million in 2019.
Total operating expenses.Operating expenses ~~increased~~decreased by ~~158%~~29%, from US$~~155.5~~205.7 million in ~~2016~~2018 to US$~~400.5~~146.9 million in ~~2017~~2019 due mainly to the following:

(a)       Selling expenses ~~increased~~decreased by 8%20%, from US$~~131.4~~137.0 million in ~~2016~~2018 to US$~~141.7~~109.5 million in ~~2017,~~2019, mainly due to ~~higher~~a decrease in concentrate ocean freight, ~~and higher~~lower land freight and port ~~facilities; and~~facilities as a result of lower concentrate sold.

(b)       Other expenses ~~increased~~decreased by 46%, from US$~~234.7~~68.7 million in ~~2017,~~2018 to US$37.4 million in 2019, mainly due to lower expenses associated with ~~the royalty dispute.~~
disputed mining royalties.
Income tax. Income tax expense, including current and deferred expense, ~~increased~~decreased by ~~85%~~8%, from an expense of US$~~263.1~~325.2 million in ~~2016~~2018 to an expense of US$~~486.0~~298.1 million in ~~2017. Net current income tax expense (including mining taxes) increased by US$474.0 million~~2019 primarily due to ~~the dispute of~~lower taxable profit associated with disputed mining royalties ~~and special mining taxes and an increase~~ in ~~profits in 2017.~~2018.

~~103~~92

~~Net income~~Profit of the year. As a result of the foregoing, ~~net income~~profit of the year increased by 3%226%, from US$~~340.9~~119.7 million in ~~2016~~2018 to US$~~349.9~~390.4 million in ~~2017. As a percentage of net sales, net income was 11% in 2017, compared to 14% in 2016.~~
~~Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2016 and 2015~~
~~Net sales.~~ Net sales, including and mark-to-market adjustments for pounds of copper pending settlement, increased by 114%, from US$1,115.6 million in 2015 to US$2,384.1 million in 2016, principally due to higher copper concentrate volume sold as a result of achieving full production in the new concentrator. The following table reflects the average realized price and volume sold of copper (both cathode and concentrate) during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016:
Year ended December 31,
2015 2016 Variation
Average price
Copper (US$ per ton) 4,518 4,759 5 %

Volume sold
Copper (in tons) 246,913 501,000 103 %
Average realized copper prices per ton increased from US$4,518 in 2015 to US$4,759 in 2016. The volume of copper sold increased from 246,913 tons in 2015 to 501,000 tons in 2016, due to increased production from the new concentrator, which reached maximum operating rates in the first quarter of 2016. The combined effect of these changes resulted in a US$1,268.5 million increase in income from sales of copper in 2016 compared to 2015.
~~Total costs of sales of goods~~~~. Total costs of sales of goods increased from US$862.0 million in 2015 to US$1,533.0 million in 2016, due mainly to the net effect of the following:~~
(a)       Material and supplies consumption cost increased by 36%, from US$364.2 million in 2015 to US$496.9 million in 2016, mainly due to supplies needed for Cerro Verde’s new concentrator;
(b)       Labor costs, including workers’ profit sharing, increased by 47%, from US$146.4 million in 2015 to US$215.8 million in 2016, mainly due to an increased number of employees needed to staff the new concentrator and expanded mining operations and profit sharing expenses;
~~(c)       The variation of in process inventories decreased from US$118.3 million in 2015 to US$3.8 million in 2016 as a result of lower concentrate grade material placed in 2016;~~
(d)       Depreciation and amortization costs increased by 93%, from US$244.5 million in 2015 to US$473.0 million in 2016, mainly due to higher depreciation associated with the plant and equipment related to the new concentrator;
~~(e)       Repair and maintenance services increased by 6%, from US$95.1 million in 2015 to US$100.9 million in 2016; and~~
~~(f)       Energy costs increased by 94%, from US$118.0 million in 2015 to US$229.0 million in 2016, mainly due to increased electricity used by the new concentrator.~~
~~Total operating expenses.~~~~Operating expenses increased by 88%, from US$82.8 million in 2015 to US$155.5 million in 2016, due mainly to the following:~~
~~(a)       Selling expenses increased by 134%, from US$56.2 million in 2015 to US$131.4 million in 2016, mainly due to a greater volume sold during 2016; and~~
~~104~~
~~(b)       Other expenses decreased by US$2.6 million in 2016.~~
~~Income tax~~. Income tax expense, including current and deferred expense, increased by 469%, from an expense of US$46.2 million in 2015 to an expense of US$263.1 million in 2016. Net current income tax expense (including mining taxes) increased by US$167.3 million due to higher profits in 2016.
~~Net income.~~~~As a result of the foregoing, net income increased by 924%, from US$33.3 million in 2015 to US$340.9 million in 2016.~~2019. As a percentage of net sales, net income was 14% in ~~2016,~~2019, compared to 3%4% in ~~2015.~~2018.
Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 for a comparative discussion of Cerro Verde’s consolidated results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

B. B. Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, Cerro Verde had cash and cash equivalents of US$~~600.0~~481.5 million, compared to US$~~30.0~~501.2 million as of December 31, ~~2016.~~
~~Cash provided by (used in) operating activities for the years ended December 31~~,~~2017 and 2016.~~Net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities were US$1,615 million in 2017, compared to net cash used in operating activities of US$946 million in 2016. This change in net cash flow provided by operating activities in 2017 compared to 2016 was mainly attributable to the following factors:2018.

· ~~an increase in proceeds from sales from US$2,158 million in 2016 to US$3,198 million in 2017;~~
· ~~an increase in payments of income tax from US$69 million in 2016 to US$282 million in 2017;~~
· ~~an increase in payments to suppliers and other operational expenses from US$1,503 million in 2016 to US$1,645 million; and~~
· ~~a decrease in value-added tax (“VAT”) refunds from SUNAT from US$360 million in 2016 to US$344.4 million in 2017.~~
Cash provided by operating activities for the years ended December 31,~~2016~~2019 and ~~2015.~~2018.Net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities were US$~~946~~820 million in ~~2016,~~2019, compared to net cash ~~used in~~provided by operating activities of US$~~194.4~~809 million in ~~2015.~~ 2018.
This change in net cash flow provided by operating activities in ~~2016~~2019 compared to ~~2015~~2018 was mainly attributable to the following factors:

· ~~an increase in proceeds from sales from US$1,120 million in 2015 to US$2,158 million in 2016;~~
· ~~an increase in VAT refunds from SUNAT from US$3 million in 2015 to US$360 million in 2016;~~
·• a decrease in benefits payments ~~of income tax~~to employees from US$~~121~~50.4 million in ~~2015~~2018 to US$698.8 million in ~~2016; and~~2019.
• a decrease in interest payments (not included in the financing activities) from US$47 million in 2018 to US$37 million in 2019.
· ~~an increase in payments to the supplier and other operational expenses from US$1,196 million in 2015 to US$1,503 million in 2016.~~

Cash used in investing activities for the years ended December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016.~~2018.Net cash used in investing activities ~~decreased~~increased from US$~~478.8~~457.4 million in ~~2016~~2018 to US$~~306.4~~479.3 million in ~~2017,~~2019, mainly due to ~~lower~~higher payments related to the purchase of property, ~~plant~~plants and ~~equipment of US$270 million, and an increase in stripping asset activity of US$92 million in 2017.~~equipment.
Cash used in ~~investing activities for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015.~~Net cash used in investing activities decreased from US$1,784.7 million in 2015 to US$478.8 million in 2016, mainly due to lower payments related to the purchase of property, plant and equipment of US$1,242 million, primarily related to the Cerro Verde Unit Expansion Project during 2016, and a decrease in stripping asset activity of US$51 million in 2016.
~~Cash provided by (used in)~~ financing activities for the years ended December 31,~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018. Net cash and cash equivalents used in financing activities was US$~~738.3~~360 million in ~~2017,~~2019, compared to net cash ~~provided by~~used in financing activities of US$~~443.2~~450 million in 2016. The increase in net cash in financing activities was primarily due to a decrease in proceeds from loans under all Cerro Verde credit facilities of US$117 million, and a net increase in the repayment of loans of US$166 million (including total payments to the partners).
~~105~~
~~Cash provided by (used in) financing activities for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015~~~~. Net cash and cash equivalents used in financing activities was US$443.2 million in 2016, compared to net cash provided by financing activities of US$1,965.5 million in 2015.~~2018. The decrease in net cash in financing activities was primarily due to a decrease in ~~proceeds from loans under all Cerro Verde credit facilities, including partners,~~(i) the syndicated loan payments and (ii) dividend payment of US$~~2,146 million, and an increase in repayment of loans of US$265~~ 150 million.

Long-term Debt

As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, Cerro Verde had total long-term debt of US$~~1,268~~903 million mainly in connection with ~~amounts drawn from a five year US$1.5 billion~~the senior unsecured credit ~~facility.~~facility and lease liabilities.

C. C. Research and Development

Not applicable.

D. D. Trend Information

Other than as disclosed in this Annual Report, Cerro Verde has informed us that it is not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events which are reasonably likely to have a material effect upon Cerro Verde’s net sales or revenues, income from continuing operations, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that would cause reported financial information to not necessarily be indicative of future operating results or financial condition.

E. E. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Cerro Verde has informed us that there are no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on Cerro Verde’s financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.

F.93
F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations

The following table shows Cerro Verde’s contractual obligations as of December 31, ~~2017:~~2019:

Payments due by Period (US$ in millions)
Total Less than 1 year
1-5
years
More than 5
years
Provision for Remediation and Mine Closure 157 1 7 149
Other Current and Long-Term Contractual Obligations 1,475 195 1,280 -
Total Contractual Cash Obligations 1,632 196 1,287 149
Payments due by Period (US$ in millions)
Total Less than 1 year
1-5
years
More than 5
years
Trade and other payables 224,920 224,920 - -
Accounts payable – related parties 14,088 4,014 10,074 -
Other financial liabilities 911,675 8,855 825,877 76,94
Other accounts payable 461,844 99,380 72,759 289,705
Total Contractual Cash Obligations 1,612,527 337,169 908,710 366,648

ITEM 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees
A. A. Board of Directors and Senior Management

Our Board is responsible for policy decisions and our overall direction and other corporate matters in accordance with our By-laws and the Peruvian Companies Law. Our executive officers oversee our business and are responsible for the execution of the policy decisions of the Board. The Board, which must be composed of seven members, is elected at the ~~annual obligatory meeting~~Annual Mandatory Meeting of shareholders (the “Annual ~~Obligatory~~Mandatory Meeting”) for a three-year term.The ~~last~~most recent Board election took place in March 2017 and the next ~~election~~one is scheduled ~~for March 2020.~~to take place in the next Annual Mandatory Meeting, which as of the date of this report is still to be rescheduled once the current emergency restrictions on public gatherings are lifted. See “Item 10. Additional Information—B. Memorandum and Articles of Association.”

~~106~~94

Our current directors and executive officers are as follows:

Name

Age

Position

Date First
Appointed

Current
Term Ends

Age

Position

Date First
Appointed

Current
Term Ends
Directors
Roque Benavides⁽¹⁾ 63 Chairman of the Board 1980 March 2020 65 Chairman of the Board 1980 March 2023
Jose Miguel Morales⁽¹⁾ 72 Director 2012 March 2020 74 Director 2012 March 2023
Felipe Ortiz-de-Zevallos 70 Director 2003 March 2020 72 Director 2003 March 2023
Germán Suárez 77 Director 2005 March 2020
Marco Antonio Zaldívar 59 Director 2020 March 2023
William Champion 64 Director 2016 March 2020 66 Director 2016 March 2023
Diego de la Torre 55 Director 2017 March 2020 57 Director 2017 March 2023
Nicole Bernex 68 Director 2018 March 2020 70 Director 2018 March 2023

Executive Officers
Victor Gobitz 53 President and Chief Executive Officer 2017 55 President and Chief Executive Officer 2017
Leandro Garcia 50 Vice President and Chief Financial Officer 2017 52 Vice President and Chief Financial Officer 2017
Raúl Benavides⁽¹⁾ 62 Vice President Business Development 1997 64 Vice President Business Development 1997
Alejandro Hermoza 56 Vice President Community Relations 2008 58 Vice President Community Relations 2008
Gonzalo Eyzaguirre 48 Vice President Operations 2017
Juan Carlos Ortiz 49 Vice President Operations 2018
Gulnara la Rosa 53 General Counsel 2012 55 General Counsel 2012

~~___________________~~
(1) Roque Benavides is the brother of Raúl Benavides, and José Miguel Morales is the brother-in-law of Roque Benavides and Raúl Benavides.

Set forth below is biographical information concerning members of our management.
Roque Benavides, Chairman of the Board and member of the Nominating Committee.Mr. Benavides received his degree in Civil Engineering from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (PUCP) in 1977 and his Master of Business Administration from the Henley Business School at the University of Reading in the U.K. in 1980. He ~~also~~ completed the Management Development Program at the Harvard Business School in 1985 and the Advanced Management Programme at Oxford University in 1997. He is currently ~~the~~ Chairman of the Board and a member of the board of directors of some of the Company’s related entities. He is also a member of the board of directors of Banco de Crédito del Perú and UNACEM. He was previously President of the Peruvian Mining, Oil, and Energy Association (SNMPE) and the Peruvian Confederation of Private Business Institutions (CONFIEP).
José Miguel Morales, Director and member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees. Mr. Morales is an attorney at law who graduated from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (PUCP) in 1958 and completed the Sloan Program at Stanford University School of Business in 1976. He served as Chief Counsel to the Company from 1973 to 2012 and was elected as a member of the Board ~~of Directors~~ in 2012. He has been a senior partner at the law firm Estudio Aurelio García Sayán since 2007 and has worked for the firm since 1965. He is also a member of the board of directors of some of the Company’s related entities and various other businesses. He was President of the Institute of Mining and Oil Law, the Peruvian Mining, Oil, and Energy Association, and CONFIEP. He is currently the President of the Entrepreneurs for Education Association.

Felipe Ortiz-de-Zevallos, Director and member of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating/Corporate Governance ~~Committee.~~Committee. Mr. Ortiz-de-Zevallos has been a member of the Board ~~of Directors~~ since August 2003. He was the Rector of the Universidad del Pacífico from ~~2014~~2004 to ~~2016.~~2006. He is the founder of Grupo APOYO and has been the president of the organization since 1977. He received his degree in Industrial Engineering from the National University of Engineering (UNI) (and obtained his MSc in Administration and Systems from the University of Rochester. He graduated from the OPM Program at Harvard Business School in 1996. He also served as Peruvian Ambassador to the United States from September 2006 to March 2009.
~~German Suárez~~Marco Antonio Zaldivar,Director ~~and Chairman of the Audit Committee and Compensation Committee~~. Mr. ~~Suarez received his bachelor’s degree in Economics~~Zaldívar, a certified Public Accountant, graduated from the ~~National University of San Marcos (UNMSM) in 1965~~Universidad de Lima. He also graduated from PAD’s the Management Development Program at the Universidad de Piura and ~~received his~~holds a Master of ~~Economics degree~~Business Administration from ~~Columbia University in 1969.~~the Adolfo Ibáñez School of Management, USA. He has been a member of the Board of Directors since March 2015. He spent the majority of his professional career with the BCRP, where he served as chairman of the board of the Peruvian Central Reserve Bank (BCRP) from 1992 to 2001. He has beenis also a member of the board of directors of ~~Bladex, Extebandes, Arlabank, Latin American Reserves Fund, Credicorp Ltd.~~various companies, including Backus & Johnston, Banco Santander and ~~Banco de Crédito del Perú.~~Cementos Pacasmayo. He was ~~the president~~previously Chairman of the ~~Banco de la Nación,~~board of directors of the ~~director~~Lima Stock Exchange and the second Vice President of ~~various companies and a governor to the IMF and IDB. He presided over the G-24 for IMF and World Bank affairs.~~Confiep.
~~107~~95

Diego de la Torre, Director. Mr. de la Torre holds a bachelor’s degree in Business Administration from Universidad del Pacífico in Lima and his Master in Business Administration from the London Business School in England. He is a cofounder and Chairman of the Board of La Viga and Quikrete Perú. He is also a member of the Advisory Committee of the David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies at Harvard University, as well as an economics columnist for the newspaper El Comercio. He was previously a professor at the Universidad del Pacífico for twelve years and a member of the board of directors of several companies and institutions, including Endeavor Perú, IPAE and Perú 2021. Since 2005, he has been the president of the United Nations Global Compact in Peru. In 2013, he received the “Empresario Integral” award given by the Latin American Business Council. Also, in 2015, he was selected among the “Top 100 Influential Leaders” by AACSB International. He has been a member of the Board of Directors since 2017.
Nicole Bernex, Director.Ms. Bernex received her PhD in Geography from the Paul Valéry University of Montpellier (France). She has served as professor of the Department of Humanities of the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (PUCP), academic director of the Research Center in Applied Geography (CIGA) of the PUCP, president of the Geographic Society of Lima and president emeritus of the Peruvian Forum for Water (GWP Peru). Ms. Bernex is also a member of the National Academy of Sciences of Peru, the esteemed Water Program of the Inter-American Network of Academies of Sciences (IANAS) and the Steering Committee of 2030 WRG. She has been the director of several research projects and programs, including the “Scientific, legal and financial design of the Scientific Institute of Water – ICA” (CONCYTEC-IRD-PUCP) and the “Water, Climate and Development Program – PACyD” of Global Water Partnership South America. She has been published more than 160 times in many books, articles and other publications.
William Champion,Director.Mr. Champion earned his bachelor’s degree in Chemical Engineering and Biology from the University of Arizona, in Tucson, Arizona, United States. He has been a Member of the Board since January 2016 and also serves as a director of Gladiator Mining Group LLC, a private mining investment company based in the United States. With over 40 years of executive, management, and operating experience in the mining sector, Mr. Champion worked at Rio Tinto PLC from 2002 to 2014 in various positions, was managing director of Rio Tinto Coal Australia and Rio Tinto Diamonds, served as president and chief executive officer of Kennecott Utah Copper and worked at Phelps Dodge Mining Company from 1984 to 1995, where he held different positions, including president of Phelps Dodge de Chile.
Victor Gobitz, President and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Gobitz has been theGeneral Manager of Buenaventura since January 2017. He has also been a Director of Sociedad Minera El Brocal since 2017. He was previously the CEO of Compañía Minera Milpo from 2013 to 2016, as well as General Manager and Director of Río Alto Mining (now Tahoe Resources). He served as General Manager and Director of Castrovirreyna Compañía Minera, Operations Manager of Sociedad Minera El Brocal, and Assistant General Manager and Director of Volcan Compañía Minera. He is currently a Director of Gerens Escuela de Negocios and a professor at Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He was the President of the Peruvian Institute of Mining Engineers (IIMP). He graduated ~~in 1986~~ from Pontifical Catholic University of Peru ~~earned~~in 1986 and received his Master of Business Administration from the ESAN School of Business in 1998. He ~~holds specialized degrees from~~has also studied at the Kellogg School of Management ~~(2015)~~ and the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania (2005). With over 25 years of experience in managing mining operations and projects, Mr. Gobitz has been the general manager of Buenaventura since January 2017 and a director of Sociedad Minera El Brocal since the same year. He previously served as chief executive officer of Compañía Minera Milpo from 2013 to 2016, general manager and director of Río Alto Mining (now Tahoe Resources) from 2011 to 2013 and Castrovirreyna Compañía Minera from 2008 to 2010, operations manager of Sociedad Minera El Brocal and assistant general manager and director of Volcan Compañía Minera. He is currently the president of the Peruvian Institute of Mining Engineers (IIMP), a director of Gerens Escuela de Negocios and a professor at Pontifical Catholic University of Peru.Pennsylvania.
Leandro Garcia, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.Mr. Garcia earned hisbachelor’s degree in business administration and a bachelor’s degree in accounting from Universidad del Pacífico and his Master of Business Administration from the University of Miami in ~~Florida and~~Florida. He completed the Management Development Program at Harvard Business School in 2017. He held the position of Treasury Head at Buenaventura from 1990 to 1997. He ~~then~~also worked as the finance manager at Sociedad Minera El Brocal until ~~2000,~~2000. , as general manager of Boticas BTL until 2005, and as general manager of Boticas Inkafarma until June 2011. ~~Mr. Garcia~~He rejoined Buenaventura as Controller General in July 2011. He has also served as a director of Química Suiza Retail, the business that manages the Mi Farma pharmacy chain, ~~since~~from January ~~2016.~~2016 until January 2018. Mr. Garcia has also served as Chief Executive Officer of Consorcio Energético de Huancavelica and a director of Sociedad Minera El Brocal, Compañía Minera Condesa y Empresa de Generación Huanza.
~~108~~

~~Gonzalo Eyzaguirre Tejeda~~Juan Carlos Ortiz,Vice President of Operations.Mr. ~~Tejeda has a~~Ortiz earned hisbachelor’s degree in mining engineering from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del ~~Perú.~~Peru in 1992. He ~~received~~also holds a Master’s in Engineering, with a focus on Mineral Engineering Management, from Pennsylvania State University. Prior to assuming his ~~Master~~new role at Buenaventura, Mr. Ortiz was the Technical Services Manager at Volcan Compañia Minera, a polymetallic mining company and one of ~~Business Administration from~~ the ~~Schulich School~~largest producers of ~~Business~~zinc, lead and silver in ~~Toronto, Canada~~the world, where he was responsible for the departments of Engineering, Projects, Planning and ~~completed the General Management Program at Harvard University in 2012. He served as general manager of Sociedad Minera El Brocal since October 2014,~~Environmental Matters as well as ~~general manager~~Volcan’s Alpamarca and Cerro de Pasco operations. Prior to this post, he served Chief Operations Officer at Compañía Minera Milpo (now part of ~~Gold Fields La Cima in Cajamarca. Mr. Tejeda has served as~~ the ~~Vice President of Operations of Buenaventura since July 2017.~~Nexa Resources Group), where he was responsible for the Cerro Lindo, Atacocha and El Porvenir operations.
Raúl Benavides Ganoza,Vice President of Business Development.Mr. Ganoza earned hisbachelor’s ~~degree~~Degree in ~~mining engineering~~Mining Engineering from the University of Missouri—~~Rolla. He received his~~Rolla, Master of Mining Administration from Pennsylvania State University, and completed the Advanced Management Program at Harvard Business ~~School.~~School (AMP-160). He has served as ~~president~~President of the IIMP, as well as being the Founder and ~~was the founder and president~~President of the Mining Safety Institute (ISEM). He is currently the ~~president~~President of ~~CETEMIN,~~ the vocational mining ~~school.~~school CETEMIN. He has worked at Buenaventura since 1980, and is the Director of 11 related companies.
96
Alejandro Hermoza Maraví, Vice President of Labor, Social and Environmental Affairs. Mr. Maraví graduated from the University of Maryland with a bachelor’s degree in Mechanical Engineering and a Master in Engineering and from the Peruvian University of Applied Sciences (UPC) with a Master in Administration. He previously worked as the Development Manager of the Peruvian Confederation of Private Business Institutions (CONFIEP) and has worked at Buenaventura since 2003, where he has held the position of community relations manager from 2008 to 2011 and deputy manager of Administration and Human Resources from 2003 to 2008. In 2011, he completed the Advanced Management Program at Harvard Business School.
Gulnara La Rosa,General Counsel. Ms. La Rosa received her law degree fromPontificia Universidad Católica del Perúin 1992. She also completed the Corporate Law Specialization Program atUniversidad de Navarra, Spain, in 1991 and the High Specialization Program of Finance and Corporate Law at ESAN Graduate School of Business, Peru, in 2001. In addition, Ms. La Rosa attended the Management Program for Lawyers at Yale School of Management in 2005 and the Corporate Governance and Performance Program at Yale School of Management in 2012. Ms. La Rosa has worked at Buenaventura since 1990. She was the legal director from 2006 to 2012 and was appointed as legal manager and general counsel in July 2012. Ms. La Rosa served as the head of the Legal Department from 1997 to 2006 and as a staff attorney from 1991 to 1997.

B. B. Compensation

During the year ended December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, the aggregate amount of compensation that we paid to all directors and executive officers was approximately US$~~10.5~~14.4 million, including director’s fees accrued in ~~2016~~2018 and paid in ~~2017.~~2019. We do not disclose to our shareholders or otherwise make public information with respect to the compensation of our individual directors or executive officers. Please refer to Note ~~29(e)~~30(d) to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

C. C.
Board Practices

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee, which is composed entirely of independent directors as defined in Section 303A.02 of the New York Stock Exchange’s Listed Company Manual, is responsible for assisting the Board in the appointment of independent auditors, upon delegation of such responsibility by the shareholders at the general meeting of shareholders (the “General Meeting”) and reviewing the scope of internal and external audits. The Audit Committee also reviews compliance with internal control systems, reviews our annual and quarterly consolidated financial statements, reviews consolidated financial statements before their presentation to the Superintendencia del Mercado de Valores, or the “SMV” (formerly known as the Comisión Nacional Supervisora de Empresas y Valores (National Supervisory Commission of Business and Securities) (“CONASEV”)), the Bolsa de Valores de Lima (Lima Stock Exchange) and the SEC and maintains the integrity of the preparation of audits. The members of the Audit Committee are Messrs. Suárez, Ortiz-de-Zevallos and de la Torre.

~~109~~
Compensation Committee

The compensation committee is responsible for evaluating executive performance and approving executive compensation, including compensation of the chief executive officer and any stock option compensation plans. The members of the Compensation Committee for ~~2017~~2019 were Messrs. Ortiz-de-Zevallos, Suárez ~~del Solar (until March 2017)~~ and de la ~~Piedra (since April 2017).~~Torre.

Nominating Committee

The Nominating Committee is responsible for preparing the proposals for the General Meetings in respect of the composition of the Board along with the director remuneration to be approved by the shareholders. The members of the Nominating Committee for ~~2017~~2019 were Messrs. Benavides, Morales and Ortiz-de-Zevallos.

Corporate Governance Committee

The corporate governance committee is responsible for monitoring issues and practices related to corporate governance and proposing necessary actions in respect thereof. The members of the Corporate Governance Committee for ~~2017~~2019 were Messrs. Benavides, Morales and Ortiz-de-Zevallos.

D.97 ~~Employees~~
D. Employees

As of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 we, including our subsidiaries and Coimolache, had ~~3,717~~3,087 employees. In addition, we have entered into arrangements with independent contractors that employed ~~13,519~~9,428 workers at our operations. We have sought to strengthen our workforce by implementing a qualifications-based hiring policy and, with respect to employees working in the mines, reducing the average age of the workforce. As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, the average tenure of Buenaventura’s permanent laborers was approximately 89 years.

Of the ~~3,118~~3,087 permanent employees employed by Buenaventura and its subsidiaries directly, approximately ~~36%~~49% are members of 1114 different labor unions (including ~~four~~five unions for clerical workers ~~seven~~and nine unions for laborers), ~~which represent~~representing all aforementioned clerical workers and laborers in collective ~~bargaining negotiations with us.~~negotiations. There are also ~~six~~seven unions for workers employed by independent contractors that were formed over the last seven years in our mines at Uchucchacua, Orcopampa ~~La Zanja,~~and Julcani, ~~and~~ El ~~Brocal.~~Brocal y Tantahuatay.

Each of the labor unions is company-based with an affiliation to a national union. Administrative personnel are not represented by unions. Labor relations for unionized and non-unionized employees in our production facilities, including compensation and benefits, are governed by collective bargaining agreements, the terms and length of which are negotiated throughout the year as the various collective bargaining agreements come up for renewal. These collective bargaining agreements are typically one year in length and set wages for the applicable period ~~including increases as negotiated~~ and ~~certain other employee~~ benefits such as overtime, bonuses and family benefits.

~~Between~~In January ~~and June 2017,~~2019 we ~~did not experience any strikes or stoppages. In July 2017, we recorded one~~experienced a 21 day of stoppage at ~~El Brocal and three days~~the Uchucchacua mine called by the workers’ union for contractor companies. In June, we experienced a two day stoppage in Orcopampa relating to the affairs of Orcopampa’s community. In August, we experienced a 10 day stoppage in Orcopampa relating to the affairs of Chilcaymarca’s community. In September, we experienced a stoppage in Uchucchacua relating to affairs of Oyon’s community that lasted 2 days. Finally, in September, we experienced a 4 day stoppage at the Uchucchacua and Orcopampa ~~and Uchucchacua, all of which were due to strikes~~Mines that was called by the Mining National Workers Federation. In October 2017, we experienced three days of stoppage at Orcompampa related to affairs with the community’s labor union. There was also an 11-day work stoppage at Uchucchacua related to affairs with the neighboring community of Oyon that continued through early November. Also in November, we experienced a stoppage in Orcopampa related to affairs with the Chilcaymarca community that lasted four days.

Compensation received by our employees includes salary, other cash payments (such as overtime, vacation pay and bonuses, including, but not limited to, high altitude and underground mining bonuses) and non-cash benefits. Non-cash benefits include medical insurance, life insurance and training programs for workers and administrative staff. For mine and processing plant workers, benefits also include transportation services, meals or food allowances, education for children of our employees and housing, hospitals and a full range of social services for our permanent employees and their families at town sites near our mines in compliance with mining regulations. We voluntarily provide power, water and sewage services for the camp and houses of the workers as well as for certain towns nearby. In addition, pursuant to a profit-sharing plan mandated by Peruvian labor legislation, employees of mining companies in Peru are entitled to receive the employee profit sharing amount equivalent to 8% of the annual pre-tax profits of their employer, 50% of such profits to be distributed based on the number of days each employee worked during the preceding year and the remaining 50% of such profits to be distributed based on the aggregate annual salary of each employee. Effective January 1, 1997, the annual payment to each employee under the profit sharing plan cannot exceed 18 times such employee’s monthly salary, and any difference between the employee profit sharing amount and the aggregate amount paid to employees must be contributed by us to FONDOEMPLEO, a fund established to promote employment and employee training.
~~110~~

Under Peruvian law, we may dismiss workers for cause by following certain formal procedures. We may dismiss a worker without cause, provided that we pay such worker a layoff indemnification in an amount equal to one and a half month’s salary for each full year worked plus the pro rata portion for any uncompleted year, not to exceed in the aggregate 12 months’ salary, and subject to the worker’s acceptance. Several decisions adopted by the Peruvian Constitutional Court, holding that an employee is entitled for reinstatement if no cause for dismissal is expressed by the employer or for failure to present evidence supporting the employer’s grounds, have limited our ability to dismiss a worker without cause. However, all employees are entitled to a severance payment upon termination of their employment, regardless of the reason for such termination, equal to approximately one month’s salary for each full year worked plus the pro rata portion for any uncompleted year. Pursuant to the Peruvian labor laws enacted in ~~1992,~~1991, we deposit funds for severance payments in a special bank account selected by each employee and for the benefit of such employee, in both May and November of each ~~year.~~year (approximately 50% of a monthly salary each time).

Our permanent employees receive the benefit of one of two types of pension arrangements. All workers can choose to enroll in a public pension fund managed by the state (the “ONP” system) or in a private pension fund (the “AFP” system). We are required to withhold from each of the salaries of the employees enrolled in the ONP system 13% of such employee’s salary, and pay such amount to the ONP system and withhold from the salary of each employee enrolled in the AFP system approximately 12.5% of such employee’s salary, and pay such amounts to the respective AFP (exact amount varies from one AFP to another). Additionally, for workers involved in mining and metallurgical processes, an additional 2% is withheld from their salaries, and we contribute an additional 2% to increase their pension funds. We have no liability for the performance of these pension plans. ~~In addition, our~~Our independent contractors are responsible for covering severance and pension payments with respect to their employees.

98
In addition, we pay EsSalud, the Social Health Insurance Institute of Peru, 9% of our total payroll for general health services for all permanent employees. Further, Law No. 26790 also requires us to provide private insurance representing an average payment equal to 1.30% of the payroll of covered employees for employment-related incapacity and death for blue collar employees and other employees exposed to mining-related hazards.

E. E. Share Ownership

As of March 31, ~~2018,~~2020, our directors and executive officers, as a group, owned 41,874,206 Common Shares, representing 16.50% of all 253,986,867 Common and Investment Shares outstanding.

The share ownership of the Company’s directors and executive officers on an individual basis as of March 31, ~~2018~~2020 is set forth below:

Shareholder
Number of
Common
Shares

Percentage
Beneficial
Ownership of
Common
Shares

Number of
Investment
Shares

Percentage
Beneficial
Ownership of
Investment
Shares

Number of
Common
Shares and
Investment
Shares

Percentage
Beneficial
Ownership of
Common
Shares and
Investment
Shares
Number of
Common
Shares Percentage
Beneficial
Ownership of
Common
Shares Number of
Investment
Shares Percentage
Beneficial
Ownership of
Investment
Shares Number of
Common
Shares and
Investment
Shares Percentage
Beneficial
Ownership of
Common
Shares and
Investment
Shares

Roque Benavides † 13,912,006 5.48 13,912,006 5.48 13,912,006 5.48 13,912,006 5.48
William Champion — — — — — — — — — — — —
José Miguel Morales † 14,133,836 5.57 14,133,836 5.57 14,133,836 5.57 14,133,836 5.57
Nicole Bernex — — — — — — — — — — — —
Felipe Ortiz-de-Zevallos — — — — — — — — — — — —
Germán Suárez — — — — — — — — — — — —
Raúl Benavides † 13,813,836 5.44 — — 13,813,836 5.44 13,813,836 5.44 — — 13,813,836 5.44
Diego de la Torre 14,528 0.01 — — 14,528 0.01 14,528 0.01 — — 14,528 0.01
Gonzalo Eyzaguirre — — — — — —
Juan Carlos Ortiz — — — — — —
Alejandro Hermoza — — — — — — — — — — — —
Gulnara la Rosa — — — — — — — — — — — —
Leandro Garcia — — — — — — — — — — — —
Victor Gobitz — — — — — — — — — —
Directors and Executive Officers as a Group † 41,874,206 16.50 — — 41,874,206 16.50 41,874,206 16.50 — — 41,874,206 16.50

†      Includes Common Shares owned by the applicable director or officer and his or her spouse.
† ~~Includes Common Shares owned by the applicable director or officer and his or her spouse.~~
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ITEM 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions

A. A. Major Shareholders

As of March 31, ~~2018,~~2020 we had 274,889,924 Common Shares outstanding, ~~including~~of which 21,174,734 were treasury shares, and 744,640 Investment Shares, ~~including~~of which 472,963 were treasury shares. The Common Shares are voting securities. The table below sets forth certain information concerning ownership of (i) the Common Shares and Investment Shares and (ii) the aggregate Common Shares and Investment Shares, as of March 31, ~~2018,~~2020, with respect to each shareholder known to us to own more than 2.5% of the outstanding Common Shares and with respect to all directors and executive officers as a group.
Shareholder
Number of
Common Shares

Percentage
Beneficial
Ownership of
Common
Shares⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾

Number of
Investment
Shares

Percentage
Beneficial
Ownership of
Investment
Shares⁽¹⁾⁽³⁾

Number of
Common
Shares and
Investment
Shares

Percentage
Beneficial
Ownership of
Common
Shares and
Investment
Shares⁽¹⁾⁽⁴⁾

Blanca Benavides de Morales (5) 14,133,836 5.57 — — 14,133,836 5.57
Roque Benavidaes Ganoza 13,912,006 5.48 13,912,006 5.48
Raul Benavidaes Ganoza 13,813,836 5.44 13,813,836 5.44
Van Eck Associates Corp 12,640,749 4.98 — — 12,640,749 4.98
Azvalor Asset Management SGIIC SA 11,829,320 4.66 — — 11,829,320 4.66
Franklin Templeton Investment 8,475,792 3.34 — — 8,475,792 3.34
Blackrock Fund Advisors 8,123,748 3.20 — — 8,123,748 3.20
The Vanguard Group, Inc. 6,934,744 2.73 — — 6,934,744 2.73

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Shareholder Number of
Common Shares
Percentage
Beneficial
Ownership of
Common
Shares⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾
Number of
Investment
Shares
Percentage
Beneficial
Ownership of
Investment
Shares⁽¹⁾⁽³⁾
Number of
Common
Shares and
Investment
Shares
Percentage
Beneficial
Ownership of
Common
Shares and
Investment
Shares⁽¹⁾⁽⁴⁾

Van Eck Associates Corp 28,197,615 11.11 — — 28,197,615 11.11
Fidelity Management &  Research Company 17,733,601 6.99 — — 17,733,601 6.99
Blanca Benavides de Morales (5) 14,133,836 5.57 — — 14,133,836 5.57
Roque Benavides Ganoza 13,912,006 5.48 — — 13,912,006 5.48
Raul Benavides Ganoza 13,813,836 5.44 — — 13,813,836 5.44
Blackrock Fund Advisors 8,790,373 3.46 — — 8,790,373 3.46
Azvalor Asset Management SGIIC SA 8,192,986 3.23 — — 8,192,986 3.23
The Vanguard Group, INC. 7,841,715 3.09 — — 7,841,715 3.09
Morgan Stanley Investment Management INC. 7,620,882 3.00 — — 7,620,882 3.00
State Street Global Advisors (SSGA) 6,926,923 2.73 — — 6,926,923 2.73
T. Rowe Price Associates, INC 6,822,710 2.69 — — 6,822,710 2.69
(1) The table above excludes treasury shares. As of March 31, ~~2018~~2020 Buenaventura held 14,474 common shares and 1,230 Investment Shares and our wholly-owned subsidiary, Condesa, held 21,160,260 Common Shares and 471,733 Investment Shares.

(2) Percentage calculated on the basis of 253,715,190 Common Shares outstanding, which excludes 21,174,734 treasury shares.

(3) Percentage calculated on the basis of 271,677 Investment Shares outstanding, which excludes 472,963 treasury shares.

(4) Percentage calculated on the basis of 253,986,867 Common Shares and Investment Shares outstanding, which excludes 21,647,697 treasury shares.

(5) Blanca Benavides de Morales is the spouse of José Miguel Morales.

As of March 31, ~~2018,~~2020, we estimate that ~~209,096,800~~212,570,181 Common Shares were held in the U.S., which represented approximately ~~82.41%~~83.78% of Common Shares outstanding. The number of institutional record holders of our Common Shares (or of ADSs representing our Common Shares) in the U.S. was 6654 institutions.

~~112~~B.
B. Related Party Transactions

Except as otherwise disclosed herein, no director, senior officer, principal shareholder or any associate or affiliate thereof had any material interest, direct or indirect, in any transaction since the beginning of our last financial year that has materially affected us, or in any proposed transaction that would materially affect us. Except as otherwise disclosed herein, we have entered into no transactions with parties that are not “related parties” but who would otherwise be able to negotiate terms not available on an arm’s-length basis. From time to time in the ordinary course of business, we enter into management, exploration, mine construction, engineering and employment contracts with joint venture companies in which one or more of our direct or indirect subsidiaries holds equity or partnership interests.

100
The compensation of our key executives (including the related income taxes we assumed in connection therewith) totaled US$~~9.9 million in 2016 and US$~~10.5 million in ~~2017.~~2017, US$15.5 million in 2018 and US$14.4 million in 2019. Please refer to Note ~~29(e)~~30(d) to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

Chaupiloma is the legal owner of the mineral rights operated by Yanacocha and receives a 3% royalty based on quarterly sales, after deducting refinery and transportation costs. Royalties amounted to US$~~32.4~~20.7 million, US$~~24.3~~20.4 million and US$~~20.7~~22.3 million in ~~2015, 2016~~2017, 2018 and ~~2017,~~2019, respectively, and are presented as royalty income in our consolidated statements of income.

During 2016, Yanacocha’s board of directors unanimously agreed to distribute to the partners, in proportion to their equity interests, US$300 million, which corresponds to the portion of the retained earnings as of December 31, 2014 that originated in 2011. As a result, Condesa received a cash dividend from Yanacocha of US$130.9 million. During 2015 and 2017, Condesa did not receive cash ~~dividends.~~dividends from its investment in Yanacocha in 2017, 2018 or 2019.

We did not receive a cash dividends from Cerro Verde in ~~2015, 2016 or~~ 2017. However, in 2018 and 2019 we received cash dividends in an amount of US$39.2 million and US$29.4 million, respectively.

We received cash dividends from Coimolache of approximately US$~~6.7 million in 2015, US$11.4 million in 2016 and US$~~9.8 million in ~~2017.~~2017, US$7.6 million in 2018 and US$4.0 million in 2019.

During 2017, we received an advanced payment of US$124.8 million for the long-term loan held with Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A. from 2015. In March 2002, BISA signed a technical service agreement with Yanacocha to perform a number of specialized activities and services. Pursuant to the agreement, the services performed relate to the construction of mining projects and include completion of analysis and studies, work plan design, and functions related to planning, monitoring and administrating the infrastructure projects required by Yanacocha in its operations.

In November 2000, Conenhua signed an agreement with Yanacocha for the construction and operation of a 220 kW transmission line between Trujillo and Cajamarca, a 60 kW transmission line between Cajamarca and La Pajuela, and the Cajamarca Norte substation; this agreement also encompassed activities necessary to enlarge the Trujillo substation. In June 2006, an addendum to this contract extended the completion date to June 2007. Concurrently, we and Yanacocha signed a 10-year agreement covering electric energy transmission and infrastructure operation beginning in 2007. In exchange for us operating and managing the transmission project, Yanacocha pays a fee of US$3.7 million with annual maturities. The annual revenues for these services amounted to approximately US$0.9 million in ~~2015 and~~ 2016, ~~and~~ US$0.4 million in ~~2017.~~2017 and 2018 and US$ 0.3 million in 2019.

C. C. Interests of Experts and Counsel

Not applicable.

ITEM 8. Financial Information
A. A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
Consolidated Financial Statements

See “Item 19. Exhibits” for a list of consolidated financial statements filed under Item 18.

~~113~~
Other Financial Information

Export Sales

See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Buenaventura—B. Business Overview—Sales of Metal Concentrates—Sales and Markets” for information on export sales.

Legal Proceedings

Other than the legal proceedings relating to Yanacocha described in “Item 4. Information on the Company—Yanacocha—B. Business Overview—Legal Proceedings,” we and Yanacocha are each parties to certain other legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business, none of which, individually or in the aggregate, is material.

Dividends and Dividend Policy

We can distribute three kinds of dividends: (i) cash dividends, which are paid out of our net distributable income for each year, (ii) stock dividends that are akin to stock splits rather than distributions of earnings, which are issued for the purpose of adjusting the book value per share of our stock and (iii) stock dividends for the purpose of capitalizing profits, in each case as described in more detail below. All shares outstanding and fully paid are entitled to share equally in any dividend declared based on the portion of our capital represented by such share. ~~Shares of capital stock that are only partially paid participate in a dividend or distribution in the same proportion that such shares have been paid at the time of the dividend or distribution.~~ No cash dividend may be declared in respect of a given year unless we have earned net distributable income in respect of such year. However, we may declare dividends during the year. We may make interim provisional payments to shareholders in respect of net distributable income for the current fiscal year, which are referred to as “provisional dividends,” as explained below.

101
The Board, following the end of each fiscal year, makes a recommendation at the Annual ~~Obligatory~~Mandatory Meeting regarding the amount and timing of payments, if any, to be made as dividends on our Common Shares and Investment Shares. The Shareholders Meeting can delegate to the Board the approval to pay interim dividends.

The dividend policy establishes that Buenaventura will distribute an annual cash dividend of at least 20% of net income generated by majority-owned operations and subsidiaries. In the case of Buenaventura’s Associates (Coimolache, Cerro Verde and Yanacocha), 20% of attributable to Buenaventura’s net income will be included if they distribute cash dividends to Buenaventura. In principle there are two kinds of dividend payments: interim dividends, which are approved by the Board and are generally paid during the fourth quarter of the year, and the final dividend payment, which will be paid in accordance with the general shareholders’ meeting resolutions. However, the amount and timing of such payments is subject to the final approval at such Annual ~~Obligatory~~Mandatory Meeting and Board meeting, as well as to the availability of earnings to distribute. According to the Peruvian Companies Law, holders of at least 20% of the total Common Shares outstanding can request a dividend of 50% or less of the previous year’s after-tax profits, net of amounts allocated to the legal reserve.

Available earnings are subject to the following priorities. First, the mandatory employee profit sharing of 8% of pre-tax profits (which may differ from pre-tax profits determined under IFRS due to different depreciation treatment and different adjustments of non-taxable income and/or non-deductible expenses) is paid.

Next, remaining earnings are taxed at the standard corporate income tax rate, which ~~was 28% for 2016. For 2017 and thereafter the tax rate increased to~~is 29.50%. Not less than 10% of such after-tax net profits must then be allocated to a legal reserve, which is not available thereafter except to cover future losses or for use in future ~~capitalizations.~~capitalizations, in which case it must be replenished again. Amounts reserved are nevertheless included in taxable income. The obligation to fund this reserve continues until the reserve constitutes 20% of the paid-in share capital. In addition, the holders of Common Shares can agree to allocate any portion of the net profits to any special reserve. The remainder of the net profits is available for distribution to shareholders.

Dividends are subject to an additional withholding tax for shareholders that are either (i) individuals, whether domiciled or non-domiciled in Peru, or (ii) non-domiciled companies or entities. For dividends paid out of our accumulated net profits, the withholding tax rate ~~was 6.8% for 2016. From~~is 5% when the dividend originated from profits earned on or after January 1, ~~2017 and thereafter, the tax rate is 5%.~~2017. If any tax or other governmental charge will become payable by Scotiabank Peru, as custodian, the Depositary or us with respect to any ADR or any deposited securities represented by the ADSs evidenced by such ADR, such tax or other governmental charge will be payable by the owner or beneficial owner of such ADR to the Depositary.
~~114~~

Dividends paid to domiciled companies or entities are not subject to such withholding tax. If any tax or other governmental charge will become payable by Scotiabank Peru, as custodian, the Depositary or us with respect to any ADR or any deposited securities represented by the ADSs evidenced by such ADR, such tax or other governmental charge will be payable by the owner or beneficial owner of such ADR to the Depositary.

Dividends on issued and outstanding Common Shares and Investment Shares are distributed in accordance with the proportion of the total capital represented by such respective shares. Dividends are distributed pro rata in accordance with the number of Common Shares or Investment Shares. Accordingly, any dividend declared would be apportioned 99.73% to the holders of Common Shares and 0.27% to the holders of Investment Shares. This proportion will not change in the future except and to the extent holders of Common Shares and Investment Shares exercise their preemptive rights disproportionately in any future issuance of Common Shares and Investment Shares, or we issue Common Shares without preemptive rights in accordance with Article 259 of the Peruvian Companies Law.

Holders of Common Shares and Investment Shares are not entitled to interest on dividend payments.

Holders of ADRs are entitled to receive dividends with respect to the Common Shares underlying the ADSs evidenced by such ADRs, subject to the terms of the related Amended and Restated Deposit Agreement, to the same extent as owners of Common Shares.

To the extent that we declare and pay dividends on the Common Shares, owners of the ADSs on the relevant record date are entitled to receive the dividends payable in respect of the Common Shares underlying the ADSs, subject to the terms of the Amended and Restated Deposit Agreement. Cash dividends are paid to the Depositary in Soles and, except as otherwise described under the Amended and Restated Deposit Agreement, are converted by the Depositary into U.S. Dollars and paid to owners of ADRs net of currency conversion expenses. Under the Amended and Restated Deposit Agreement, the Depositary may, and will if we so request, distribute stock dividends in the form of additional ADRs evidencing whole ADSs resulting from a dividend or free distribution of Common Shares by us received by the Depositary. Amounts distributed with respect to ADSs were subject to a Peruvian withholding income tax of 6.8% infor profits earned during 2016, which was the withholding tax rate applicable to distributions in respect of Common Shares during 2016. The withholding tax rate decreased to 5% for dividends paid out of our accumulated net profits after December 31, 2016. See “Item 10. Additional Information—E. Taxation—Peruvian Tax Considerations.”
102

We issue stock dividends for value per share of our stock. The book value of our share capital is based on the nominal (par) value of each share but is adjusted to account for inflation; thus, in inflationary periods, our book value will increase while the nominal value will remain constant. To adjust the book value of each share to equal or approximate the nominal value, we periodically issue new shares that are distributed as stock dividends to each existing shareholder in proportion to such shareholder’s existing holdings, unless it increases the nominal value of the existing shares. These stock dividends (which under the Peruvian income tax law are not considered dividends) do not change a stockholder’s percentage of interest in us. In addition, we may from time to time capitalize profits and, in such case, we have to distribute stock dividends representing the profits capitalized.

Dividends not collected within 10 years will be retained by us, increasing our legal reserve, and the right to collect such dividends will expire.

Under Peruvian law, each company may make formal cash distributions only out of net distributable income (calculated on an individual, unconsolidated basis and demonstrated by a statement of financial position at any given time). We, however, may pay provisional dividends. Payment of provisional dividends will be approved on the basis of consolidated financial statements which show the existence of net distributable income obtained during the current fiscal year. If, following such an interim provisional payment, we suffer a loss or if we finish the fiscal year with a net income that is lower than the amount of provisional dividends paid during such fiscal year, we could legally require all shareholders (including holders of ADRs) to return such payment to us with interest. However, it has been and continues to be our policy not to require shareholders to return such payment of provisional dividends, but rather to cover such contingency through a “dividends paid in advance” account to be offset by future net distributable income.

~~115~~
The following table sets forth the amounts of interim and final cash dividends and the aggregate of cash dividends paid with respect to the years ~~2014~~2016 to ~~2017.~~2019. Dividends with respect to the years ~~2014~~2016 to ~~2017~~2019 were paid per Common Share and ADS.

Year ended
December 31,⁽¹⁾

Per
Common Share

Per
ADSs

Per
Investment Share

Interim Final Total Interim Final Total Interim Final Total
2014 0.023 0.000 0.023 0.023 0.000 0.023 0.023 0.000 0.023
2015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2016 0.030 0.057 0.087 0.030 0.057 0.087 0.030 0.057 0.087
2017 0.030 0.030 0.060 0.030 0.030 0.060 0.030 0.30 0.60
Year ended
December 31,⁽¹⁾

Per
Common Share

Per
ADSs

Per
Investment Share

Interim Final Total Interim Final Total Interim Final Total
2016 0.030 0.057 0.087 0.030 0.057 0.087 0.030 0.057 0.087
2017 0.030 0.030 0.060 0.030 0.030 0.060 0.030 0.30 0.60
2018 0.060 0.060 0.120 0.060 0.060 0.120 0.060 0.060 0.012
2019 0.027 0.027 0.054 0.027 0.027 0.054 0.027 0.027 0.054

(1) Interim and final dividend amounts are expressed in U.S. Dollars.
Non-controlling Shareholders

Law No. 28370, published on October 30, 2004, included in the Peruvian Companies Law certain provisions for the protection of non-controlling shareholders of public companies that aresociedades anónimas abiertas such as us and that were formerly contained in Law No. 26985, which ~~had been~~was abrogated. Legislative Decree No. 1061, effective since June 29, 2008, Law No. 29782, effective since July 29, 2011, and most recently Law No. 30050, effective since June 27, 2013, have abrogated or amended certain of these provisions. Pursuant to Article 262-A of the Peruvian Companies Law, we will furnish on our website and on the SMV’s website, upon the earlier to occur of (1) sixty days after the Annual ~~Obligatory~~Mandatory Meeting, or (2) the expiration of the three-month period after the end of the prior fiscal year in which such Annual ~~Obligatory~~Mandatory Meeting is required to be held, the information regarding total number and value of any shares not claimed by shareholders, the name of such shareholders, the share quote in the securities market for such shares, the total amount of uncollected dividends, the name of shareholders having uncollected dividends and where shares and dividends pending claim are available for the non-controlling shareholders. Article 262-B describes the procedure to request share certificates and/or dividends, ~~and~~ that the holder of the shares can instruct us to deposit the dividends in a specific bank ~~account.~~account, and that delivery of such share certificates and/or dividends is to be made within 30 days from the request. Article 262-F describes the procedure for handling any claim that the non-controlling shareholders may file, such claims to be resolved by the SMV. SMV may apply warnings and fines between approximately US$ 1,300 and US$ 32,500 in case the Company fails to comply such provisions for the protection of non-controlling shareholders.
103

B. B. Significant Changes

No significant change in our financial affairs has occurred since the date of the annual consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report.

~~116~~
ITEM 9. The Offer and Listing
A. A. Offer and Listing Details
Trading Information

The table below sets forth the trading volume and the high and low closing prices of the Common Shares and Investment Shares in Soles. The table also includes the trading volume and the high and low closing prices of the ADSs representing the Common Shares in U.S. Dollars for the same periods.

Common Shares⁽¹⁾ ADSs⁽²⁾ Investment Shares⁽¹⁾
Trading
Volume High Low Trading
Volume High Low Trading
Volume High Low
(in millions) (in nominal S/. per share) (in millions) (in US$ per ADS) (in millions) (in nominal S/. per share)
Annual highs and lows

2014 0.44 39.80 28.11 467.73 14.82 8.64 0.001 26.00 26.00
2015 1.31 38.8 14.35 409.75 12.37 3.88 - - -
2016 1.31 38.00 14.00 410.23 12.51 3.80 - - -
2017 0.47 48.10 35.95 350.69 14.96 10.87 0.01 24.50 22.10

Quarterly highs and lows

2016
1st quarter 0.11 24.66 12.05 136.31 7.50 3.30 - - -
2nd quarter 0.54 34.55 24.60 162.14 12.00 7.02 - - -
3rd quarter 0.16 53.00 33.65 95.04 16.45 11.72 0.20 25 20
4th quarter 0.19 48.50 34.37 109.72 14.21 9.87 - - -

2017
1st quarter
2nd quarter 0.14 45.50 38.05 82.17 14.59 11.29 0.00 24.50 23.99
3rd quarter 0.10 41.10 38.50 108.30 12.87 10.87 0.00 - -
4th quarter 0.19 45.00 38.50 76.71 14.14 11.17 0.00 23.00 22.60
0.03 48.10 41.40 83.51 14.96 12.65 0.00 23.10 22.10
Monthly highs and lows

2017
October
November 0.01 48.10 43.00 29.76 14.96 12.65 0.00 23.10 23.10
December 0.01 46.00 45.00 22.85 14.60 13.34 0.00 23.10 22.10

2018 0.02 45.00 41.40 30.89 14.32 12.69 0.00 - -
January
February 0.16 51.50 45.25 30.89 16.26 13.99 0.00 22.15 21.99
March 0.02 52.00 49.40 24.21 16.18 14.13 - - -
104

Common Shares(1) ADSs(2) Investment Shares(1)
Trading
Volume High Low Trading
Volume High Low Trading
Volume High Low
(in millions) (in nominal S/. per share) (in millions) (in US$ per ADS) (in millions) (in nominal S/. per share)
Annual highs and lows

2016 1.31 38.00 14.00 410.23 12.51 3.80 0.00 0.00 0.00
2017 0.47 48.10 35.95 350.69 14.96 10.87 0.01 24.50 22.10
2018 0.85 54.94 39.00 325.87 16.80 11.67 0.01 22.15 19.60
2019 0.80 57.05 45.30 295.27 17.85 13.77 0.01 17.00 16.00

Quarterly highs and lows

2018
1st quarter 0.18 52.00 45.25 81.81 16.53 13.99 0.00 22.15 21.99
2nd quarter 0.06 53.09 44.53 70.88 16.80 13.54 0.00 0.00 0.00
3rd quarter 0.04 44.90 39.00 66.83 13.99 11.67 0.00 19.60 19.60
4th quarter 0.57 54.94 44.20 106.34 16.66 12.44 0.00 0.00 0.00

2019
1st quarter 0.08 57.00 50.75 77.43 17.78 14.80 0.01 17.00 16.80
2nd quarter 0.05 57.05 49.00 68.15 17.71 14.15 0.00 16.80 16.00
3rd quarter 0.04 55.80 47.30 82.52 17.85 13.91 0.00 0.00 0.00
4th quarter 0.63 51.10 45.30 67.16 15.83 13.77 0.00 0.00 0.00

Monthly highs and lows

2019
October 0.01 51.10 45.30 22.74 15.67 13.77 0.00 0.00 0.00
November 0.00 51.10 49.50 19.10 15.83 14.63 0.00 0.00 0.00
December 0.62 51.00 47.77 25.32 15.45 14.43 0.00 0.00 0.00

2020
January 0.00 42.00 42.00 22.92 15.36 12.13 0.00 0.00 0.00
February 0.00 42.50 40.00 37.40 13.12 11.15 0.00 0.00 0.00
March 0.00 32.40 25.00 45.79 11.68 5.12 0.00 0.00 0.00
(1) Source: Lima Stock Exchange
(2) Source: Bloomberg; Yahoo Finance

As of March 31, ~~2018,~~2020, the share capital with respect to the Common Shares was S/.2,748,899,240 represented by 274,889,924 shares and the share capital with respect to the Investment Shares was S/.7,446,400 represented by 744,640 shares. The Common Shares represent 100% of our outstanding share capital. The Investment Shares have no voting rights and are not, under Peruvian law and accounting rules, characterized as share capital. As of March 31, ~~2018,~~2020, there were ~~1,089~~983 owners of record of the Common Shares and ~~903~~886 owners of record of the Investment Shares.

B.105
B. Plan of Distribution

Not applicable.

C. C. Markets

The Common Shares and ADSs representing the Common Shares (each ADS representing one Common Share) have been listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “BVN.” In addition, the Common Shares and Investment Shares are listed and traded on the Lima Stock Exchange.

D. D. Selling Shareholders

Not applicable.

E. E. Dilution

Not applicable.

F. F. Expenses of the Issue
~~Not applicable.~~
~~116~~
~~ITEM 10.~~ ~~Additional Information~~
A. ~~Share Capital~~

Not applicable.

ITEM 10. B.Additional Information
A. Share Capital
Our capital stock comprises Common Shares and investment shares. Common Shares have full voting rights while investment shares do not. As of December 31, 2019, there were 274,889,924 Common Shares outstanding, of which 21,174,734 were held in treasury. In the case of Investment Shares, there were 744,640 shares in total, of which 472,963 were held in treasury. In total there are 253,986,867 outstanding shares, and this number has not changed throughout the year 2019. The capital stock is fully subscribed and paid. Additionally, the par value per share (for both Common Shares and Investment Shares) is S/.10.
B. Memorandum and Articles of Association
Organization and Register

We were formed on September 7, 1953 by public deed as a Peruviansociedad anónima.However, in May of 1998, our By-laws were changed to conform with the new Peruvian Companies Law. The term of existence is indefinite and our principal place of business is Lima, Peru. We are registered under file number 02136988 at the Companies Registry of Lima.

We are managed by the General Meeting, the Board and the management.

Objectives and Purposes

Our legal purpose, as set forth in our Articles of Association and By-laws, is to engage in mining operations and related activities either directly or through majority-owned subsidiaries and controlled companies. Likewise, we may hold shares of companies performing mining operations.

Directors
The Board, which must be composed of seven members, is elected at the Annual ~~Obligatory~~Mandatory Meeting. Any changes in the Board require the approval of the shareholders. The removal of the Board must be approved at a shareholders’ meeting, attended by holders of 75% of the Common Shares in the first summons and 70% of the Common Shares in the second summons, by resolution approved by at least two thirds of the total number of Common Shares outstanding. In the case of resignation of directors, the Board may appoint substitute directors who will serve until the next shareholders’ meeting.

106
Members of the Board (“Directors”) are elected as a group for a term of three years and may be reelected indefinitely. Pursuant to Article 29 of our By-laws, Directors are not required to be shareholders. The Board, in its first meeting after the Annual ~~Obligatory~~Mandatory Meeting during which elections are held, must choose from among its members a Chairman and a Vice Chairman. The Peruvian Companies Law requires that all companies (sociedades anónimas) provide for the representation of non-controlling shareholders on their Boards of Directors. To that effect, each of our Common Shares gives the holder the right to as many votes as there are directors to be elected. Each holder may pool his votes in favor of one person or distribute them among various persons. Those candidates for the Board who receive the most votes are elected directors.

The Board of Directors meets when called by the Chairman of the Board, who is appointed by the Board. The Board of Directors is validly convened when all Directors are present and unanimously agree to carry out the meeting for the purpose of transacting the business that has been proposed. Pursuant to Article 177 of the Peruvian Companies Law, Directors may be jointly and severally liable to us, the shareholders and third parties for their actions if they act with willful misconduct, gross negligence or abuse their powers. In addition, Article 3 of Law No. 29720, which has been in force since June 26, 2011, as amended by Law No. 30050 in force since June 27, 2013, provides that directors and managers are liable for economic damages or any other kind of damages caused to us by any transaction they have approved that favors such director’s, or a related party’s, interest instead of the ~~company’s,~~Company’s, when: (i) one of the parties involved in the transaction is a company whose shares are listed in the local stock exchange, as in our case; (ii) the shareholder controlling such listed company also controls the other party involved in the transaction; and (iii) the transaction is not made under arm’s-length conditions and represents at least 10% of such company’s assets. Directors not participating in the Board meeting or that voted against the transaction are not liable.

~~117~~
In addition, Article 51 of the Securities Market Law contains additional prohibitions for directors and managers of companies whose shares are traded in the stock exchange. Pursuant to Article 51(a) of such law, directors and managers are forbidden to receive loans from listed companies and from using goods and services of the listed company without the Board’s authorization for their own use, in their own profit or to benefit persons related to the directors and managers. Additionally, subsection (b) thereof further provides that directors and managers are forbidden from using their positions to obtain improper benefits for them or for persons related to them.

Our By-laws do not contain any provisions related to a director’s power to vote on matters in which the director is materially interested. However, Article 180 of the Peruvian Companies Law requires a director with an interest that conflicts with an interest of ours on a specific matter to disclose such interest to us and abstain from participating in the deliberation and decision of the said matter. A director that contravenes such requirement is liable for the damages suffered by us and can be removed by the Board or a shareholders’ meeting upon the request of any shareholder or any member of the Board.

Our By-laws also do not contain any provisions with respect to the power of the directors to vote upon matters relating to their own compensation. Nevertheless, Article 30 of the By-laws requires that the Board receive compensation of no more than 4% of the profits of each fiscal year after making deductions for workers’ profit sharing, taxes, reinvestment of profits for tax benefits and legal reserves. This amount will be submitted for ratification by the General Meeting during the Annual ~~Obligatory~~Mandatory Meeting, at which time it approves the statement of financial position, taxes, reinvestment of profits for tax benefits and legal reserves.

Our By-laws contain no provision relating to the directors’ power to borrow from us. However, Article 179 of the Peruvian Companies Law provides that directors of a company may enter into an agreement with such company only if the agreement relates to operations the ~~company~~Company performs in the regular course of business and in an arms-length transaction. Furthermore, a company may provide a loan to a director or grant securities in his favor only in connection with operations that the ~~company~~Company usually performs with third parties. Agreements, credits, loans or guarantees that do not meet the requirements set forth above require prior approval from at least two thirds of the members of the ~~company’s~~Company’s Board. Directors are jointly liable to the ~~company~~Company and the ~~company’s~~Company’s creditors for contracts, credit, loans or securities executed or granted without complying with Article 179 of the Peruvian Companies Law. In addition, as mentioned above, Article 3 of Law No. 29720, as amended, provides that directors and managers are liable for economic or other damages that they may cause because of the approval of resolutions that favor such director’s, or a related party’s, interest instead of the ~~company’s,~~Company’s, when: (i) one of the parties involved in the transaction is a company whose shares are listed in the local stock exchange, as in our case; (ii) the shareholder controlling such listed company also controls the other party involved in the transaction; and (iii) the transaction is not made under arm’s-length conditions and represents at least 10% of such Company’s assets.

Neither our By-laws nor the Peruvian Companies Law contain age limit requirements for the retirement or non-retirement of directors.

107
Shares and Voting Rights

We have two classes of shares, the Common Shares and the Investment Shares. The Common Shares represent 100% of our outstanding share capital. The Investment Shares have no voting rights and are not, under Peruvian law and accounting rules, characterized as share capital. The Common Shares and the Investment Shares may be either physical share certificates in registered form or book-entry securities in the CAVALI ICLV S.A. book-entry settlement system, also in registered form.

Holders of Common Shares are entitled to one vote per share, with the exception of the election of the Board, where each such holder is entitled to one vote per share per nominee. Each holder’s votes may all be cast for a single nominee or they may be distributed among the nominees at the holder’s discretion. Holders of Common Shares may attend and vote at shareholders’ meetings either in person or through a proxy. Additionally, holders of Common Shares have the right to participate in the distribution of dividends and shareholder equity resulting from liquidation. Our By-laws do not establish a maximum time limit for the payment of the dividends. However, according to Article 232 of the Peruvian Companies Law, the right to collect past-due dividends in the case of public companies that aresociedades anónimas abiertas, as we are, expires at 10 years from the date on which the payment was due in accordance with the dividend declaration.

Our share capital may be increased by holders of Common Shares at a shareholders’ meeting. Capital reductions may be voluntary or mandatory and must be approved by holders of Common Shares at a shareholders’ meeting. Capital reductions are mandatory when accumulated losses exceed 50% of capital to the extent such accumulated losses are not offset by accumulated earnings and capital increases within the following fiscal year. Capital increases and reductions must be communicated to the SMV, the Lima Stock Exchange and the SUNAT and published in the official gazette El Peruano and in a widely circulated newspaper in the city in which we are located.

~~118~~
The Investment Shares do not represent our stock obligations. Holders of Investment Shares are neither entitled to exercise voting rights nor to participate in shareholders’ meetings. However, Investment Shares confer upon the holders thereof the right to participate in the dividends distributed according to their nominal value, in the same manner as Common ~~Shares.~~Shares, as well as to participate in increases of the Investment Shares account.

Changes in the Rights of Shareholders

Our By-laws do not contain special provisions relating to actions necessary to change the rights of holders of the classes of shares. However, Article 88 of the Peruvian Companies Law establishes that all shares of a same class must have the same rights and obligations, and that if we decide to establish different rights and obligations we must create a different class of shares, which creation will be agreed upon by the General Meeting in accordance with the requirements for modification of the By-laws. The Common Shares are the only class of shares representing 100% of our share capital, and, therefore, each Common Share has the same rights and obligations of each other Common Share. These requirements are described under “—Shares and Voting Rights” above.

The rights of any class of shares may not be reduced except in accordance with the Peruvian Companies Law.

Shareholders’ Meetings

Pursuant to Peruvian law and our By-laws, the Annual ~~Obligatory~~Mandatory Meeting must be held during the three-month period after the end of each fiscal year. Additional General Meetings may be held during the year. Because we are asociedad anónima abierta, we are subject to the special control of the SMV, as provided in Article 253 of the Peruvian Companies Law, to determine whether we have incurred any breach of the Peruvian Companies Law or regulations of the SMV and to impose sanctions. Shareholders’ meetings are convened by the Board when deemed convenient for us or when it is requested by the holders of at least 5% of the Common Shares, provided that such Common Shares do not have their voting rights suspended. If, at the request of holders of at least 5% of the Common Shares, the shareholders’ meeting is not convened by the Board within 15 business days of the receipt of such request, such holders of at least 5% of the Common Shares may request a notary public or a judge to convene the meeting. The Board is deemed to have implicitly refused to convene the meeting if the Board (a) does not convene a shareholders’ meeting within 15 business days of receipt of the request, (b) suspends or amends the terms of the agenda or in any other way amend the terms of the summons already made upon the request of at least 5% of the Common Shares or (c) schedules the shareholders’ meeting more than 40 days after the date on which the summons is published. The notary public or the judge of the domicile of the ~~company~~Company shall call for the shareholders meeting. Resolución CONASEV No. 111-2003-EF-94.10, as amended by Resolución CONASEV No. 078-2010-EF/94.01.1, approved provisions related to the right of the non-controlling shareholders to obtain information regarding asociedad anónima abierta such as ourselves. Notwithstanding the notice requirements as described in the preceding two sentences, any shareholders’ meeting will be deemed called and legally commenced, provided that the shareholders representing all of the voting shares are present, and provided that every present shareholder, whether or not such shareholder has paid the full price of such shareholder’s shares, agrees to hold the shareholders’ meeting and accepts the business to be discussed therein. Holders of Investment Shares have no right to request the Board to convene shareholders’ meetings.

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Since we are asociedad anónima abierta, notice of shareholders’ meetings must be given by publication of a notice, with the publication occurring at least 25 days before any shareholders’ meeting, in El Peruano and in a widely circulated newspaper in the city in which we are located. The notice requirement may be waived at the shareholders’ meeting by holders of 100% of the outstanding Common Shares. According to Article 25 of our By-laws and Article 257 of the Peruvian Companies Law, shareholders’ meetings called for the purpose of considering a capital increase or decrease, the issuance of obligations, a change in our By-laws, the sale in a single act of assets with an accounting value that exceeds 50% of our capital stock, a merger, division, reorganization, transformation or dissolution, are subject to a first, second and third quorum call, each of the second and third quorum to occur upon the failure of the preceding one. A quorum for the first call requires the presence of shareholders holding 50% of our total voting shares. For the second call, the presence of shareholders holding at least 25% of our total voting shares constitutes a quorum, and for the third call there is no quorum requirement. These decisions require the approval of the majority of the voting shares represented at the shareholders’ meeting. General Meetings convened to consider all other matters are subject to a first and second quorum call, the second quorum call to occur upon the failure of the first quorum.

In the case of shareholders’ meetings called for the purpose of considering the removal of members of the Board, at least 75% and 70% of the total number of Common Shares outstanding are required to be represented at the shareholders’ meeting on the first quorum call and second quorum call. Provided such quorum is attained, the affirmative vote of no less than two thirds of the total number of Common Shares outstanding is required to effect the removal of members of the Board. The special quorum and voting requirements described above cannot be modified at a shareholders’ meeting called for the purpose of considering the removal of members of the Board.

Under our By-laws, the following actions are to be taken at the ~~annual obligatory~~Annual Mandatory shareholders’ meetings: approval of our statements of financial position, profit and loss statements and annual reports; the approval of management performance; the allocation of profits; the election of external auditors; the election of the members of the Board; and any other matters submitted by the Board. The following actions are to be taken at the same annual shareholders’ meetings if the quorum and majority requirements are met or at any other shareholders’ meeting: any amendment of our By-laws; any decision to increase or reduce capital; any decision to issue debt; initiating investigations or requesting auditor’s reports; liquidating, spinning-off, merging, consolidating, dissolving, or changing our business form or structure.

In accordance with Article 21 of the By-laws, only those holders of Common Shares whose names are inscribed in our share register not less than 10 days in advance of a meeting will be entitled to attend shareholders’ meetings and to exercise their rights.

Limitations on the Rights of Nonresident or Foreign Shareholders

There are no limitations in our By-laws or the Peruvian Companies Law on the rights of nonresident or foreign shareholders to own securities or exercise voting rights on our securities.

Change in Control

There are no provisions in our By-laws that would have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control.

Disclosure of Share Holdings

There are no provisions in our By-laws governing the ownership threshold above which share ownership must be disclosed. However, according to Regulation No. 009-2006-EF.94.10 of the SMV, which became effective on May 3, 2006, as amended by Regulation No. 020-2006-EF.94.10, Regulation No. 05-2009-EF-94.01.1 and Regulation No. ~~05-2009-EF-94.01.1 of~~034-2025-SMV-01.of the SMV, when, an individual or financial group acquires, in one act or various successive acts, a significant percentage (more than 25%) of the voting shares of a company with shares listed in a stock exchange, as well as upon any person or group increasing its ownership above the 50% and 60% thresholds, a procedure known asOferta Pública de Adquisición, or a “Takeover Bid,” must be followed. This has the effect of alerting other shareholders and the market that an individual or financial group has acquired a significant percentage of a company’s voting shares, and gives other shareholders the opportunity to sell their shares at the price offered by the purchaser. The purchaser is obliged to launch a Takeover Bid unless it is exempt pursuant to Regulation No. 009-2006-EF.94.10 of the SMV, as amended. The purchase of ADRs is exempted from the Takeover Bid unless the holders: (i) exercises the voting rights of the Common Shares underlying the ADSs evidenced by such ADRs, or (ii) requests the delivery of such underlying Common Shares. In addition, the SMV and the Lima Stock Exchange must be notified of any transfer of more than 5% of our paid-in capital.
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Changes in Capital

~~Changes in Capital~~
Our By-laws do not establish special conditions for increases or reductions of capital that are more stringent than is required by the Peruvian Companies Law. Furthermore, the Peruvian Companies Law forbidssociedades anónimas abiertas, such as us, from including in their By-laws stipulations limiting the transfer of their shares or restraining their trading in other ways. We cannot recognize a shareholders’ agreement that contemplates limitations, restrictions or preferential rights on the transfer of shares, even if such agreement is recorded in our share register (matrícula de acciones) or in CAVALI ICLV S.A.
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~~Economic Group~~, unless they refer to shares that are nor listed in a stock exchange, which is not the of our shares.

Economic Group
On January 1, 2017 new Regulations on Indirect Property, Relation and Economic Groups (Reglamento de Propiedad Indirecta, Vinculación y Grupos Económicos) (the “Regulations”) approved by Regulation No. 019-2015-SMV-01 became effective, replacing the prior Regulations that were in effect since 2006. The new Regulations, which have been amended by Regulations 048-2016-SMV-01 and 026-2017-SMV-01, define more precisely who are considered independent directors, increase the standards of information we are required to provide, require us to identify the individuals that control our economic group, require us to report related individuals and entities; reduce the number of shareholders required to determine that there exists a “representative participation” from 10% of the total capital stock to 4% of voting shares and extend the definition of control. The “representative participation” definition is mainly used by listed companies such as us to determine the existence of indirect property. Regulation No. 083-2016-SMV-01 approved the new forms to be used to provide the SMV all the information about our economic group.

Criminal liability of companies

On April 2016, Law N°No. 30424 was enacted to establish the administrative liability of legal entities, such as us, in connection with transnational active bribery. The law has been amended by Legislative Decree N°No. 1352, which was published on January 7, 2017 and became effective on January 1, 2018. Regulations to this law ~~are pending.~~have been recently approved by Supreme Decree No,. 002-2019-JUS. The amendment expanded the definition of bribery beyond transnational active bribery to include asset laundering, illegal mining and organized crime. The law provides rules to be followed in case of a merger or spin-off and states that a legal entity is administratively liable for the above crimes when they have been committed in its name or for its benefit by its shareholders, directors, managers or employees that are subject to the control and authority of the legal entity. Several sanctions can be imposed on a company as result of such crimes, including fines, prohibitions on performing certain activities, cancellation of permits and even dissolution. A legal entity is not liable if its shareholders, directors, managers or employees engage in bribery or related crimes solely for their own benefit or for the benefit of third parties other than the legal entity. The ~~company~~Company will be exempted from any liability for such crimes if it adopts within its organization, and before the crime is committed, a so-called prevention model consistent with the ~~company’s~~Company’s nature, risks, necessities and characteristics, consisting in control, monitoring and surveillance measures suitable to prevent such crimes. Such model includes the appointment by the Board of a person in charge of prevention that must perform autonomously. In order to file a criminal accusation against the ~~company,~~Company, a technical report from the SMV that analyzes the prevention model is required. We have prepared the prevention model required under Law N°No. 30424, as amended, in addition to the other compliance measures and policies we currently have. The regulations contain, among other provisions, several definitions, types of risks and the criteria to identify them, as well as the minimum elements a prevention model must contain.
Dividends and Dividend Policy
We can distribute three kinds of dividends: (i) cash dividends, which are paid out of our net distributable income for each year, (ii) stock dividends that are akin to stock splits rather than distributions of earnings, which are issued for the purpose of adjusting the book value per share of our stock and (iii) stock dividends for the purpose of capitalizing profits, in each case as described in more detail below. All shares outstanding and fully paid are entitled to share equally in any dividend declared based on the portion of our capital represented by such share. No cash dividend may be declared in respect of a given year unless we have earned net distributable income in respect of such year. However, we may declare dividends during the year. We may make interim provisional payments to shareholders in respect of net distributable income for the current fiscal year, which are referred to as “provisional dividends,” as explained below.
The Board, following the end of each fiscal year, makes a recommendation at the Annual Mandatory Meeting regarding the amount and timing of payments, if any, to be made as dividends on our Common Shares and Investment Shares. The Shareholders Meeting can delegate to the Board the approval to pay interim dividends.
The dividend policy establishes that Buenaventura will distribute an annual cash dividend of at least 20% of net income generated by majority-owned operations and subsidiaries. In the case of Buenaventura’s Associates (Coimolache, Cerro Verde and Yanacocha), 20% of attributable to Buenaventura’s net income will be included if they distribute cash dividends to Buenaventura. In principle there are two kinds of dividend payments: interim dividends, which are approved by the Board and are generally paid during the fourth quarter of the year, and the final dividend payment, which will be paid in accordance with the general shareholders’ meeting resolutions. However, the amount and timing of such payments is subject to the final approval at such Annual Mandatory Meeting and Board meeting, as well as to the availability of earnings to distribute. According to the Peruvian Companies Law, holders of at least 20% of the total Common Shares outstanding can request a dividend of 50% or less of the previous year’s after-tax profits, net of amounts allocated to the legal reserve.
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Available earnings are subject to the following priorities. First, the mandatory employee profit sharing of 8% of pre-tax profits (which may differ from pre-tax profits determined under IFRS due to different depreciation treatment and different adjustments of non-taxable income and/or non-deductible expenses) is paid.
Next, remaining earnings are taxed at the standard corporate income tax rate, which is 29.50%. Not less than 10% of such after-tax net profits must then be allocated to a legal reserve, which is not available thereafter except to cover future losses or for use in future capitalizations, in which case it must be replenished again.. Amounts reserved are nevertheless included in taxable income. The obligation to fund this reserve continues until the reserve constitutes 20% of the paid-in share capital. In addition, the holders of Common Shares can agree to allocate any portion of the net profits to any special reserve. The remainder of the net profits is available for distribution to shareholders.
Dividends are subject to an additional withholding tax for shareholders that are either (i) individuals, whether domiciled or non-domiciled in Peru, or (ii) non-domiciled companies or entities. For dividends paid out of our accumulated net profits, the withholding tax rate is 5%, when the dividend originated from profits earned on or after January 1,2017. If any tax or other governmental charge will become payable by Scotiabank Peru, as custodian, the Depositary or us with respect to any ADR or any deposited securities represented by the ADSs evidenced by such ADR, such tax or other governmental charge will be payable by the owner or beneficial owner of such ADR to the Depositary.
Dividends paid to domiciled companies or entities are not subject to such withholding tax. If any tax or other governmental charge will become payable by Scotiabank Peru, as custodian, the Depositary or us with respect to any ADR or any deposited securities represented by the ADSs evidenced by such ADR, such tax or other governmental charge will be payable by the owner or beneficial owner of such ADR to the Depositary.
Dividends on issued and outstanding Common Shares and Investment Shares are distributed in accordance with the proportion of the total capital represented by such respective shares. Dividends are distributed pro rata in accordance with the number of Common Shares or Investment Shares. Accordingly, any dividend declared would be apportioned 99.73% to the holders of Common Shares and 0.27% to the holders of Investment Shares. This proportion will not change in the future except and to the extent holders of Common Shares and Investment Shares exercise their preemptive rights disproportionately in any future issuance of Common Shares and Investment Shares, or we issue Common Shares without preemptive rights in accordance with Article 259 of the Peruvian Companies Law.
Holders of Common Shares and Investment Shares are not entitled to interest on dividend payments.
Holders of ADRs are entitled to receive dividends with respect to the Common Shares underlying the ADSs evidenced by such ADRs, subject to the terms of the related Amended and Restated Deposit Agreement, to the same extent as owners of Common Shares.
To the extent that we declare and pay dividends on the Common Shares, owners of the ADSs on the relevant record date are entitled to receive the dividends payable in respect of the Common Shares underlying the ADSs, subject to the terms of the Amended and Restated Deposit Agreement. Cash dividends are paid to the Depositary in Soles and, except as otherwise described under the Amended and Restated Deposit Agreement, are converted by the Depositary into U.S. Dollars and paid to owners of ADRs net of currency conversion expenses. Under the Amended and Restated Deposit Agreement, the Depositary may, and will if we so request, distribute stock dividends in the form of additional ADRs evidencing whole ADSs resulting from a dividend or free distribution of Common Shares by us received by the Depositary. Amounts distributed with respect to ADSs were subject to a Peruvian withholding income tax of 6.8% for profits earned during 2016, which was the withholding tax rate applicable to distributions in respect of Common Shares during 2016. The withholding tax rate decreased to 5% for dividends paid out of our accumulated net profits after December 31, 2016. See “Item 10. Additional Information—E. Taxation—Peruvian Tax Considerations.”
We issue stock dividends for value per share of our stock. The book value of our share capital is based on the nominal (par) value of each share but is adjusted to account for inflation; thus, in inflationary periods, our book value will increase while the nominal value will remain constant. To adjust the book value of each share to equal or approximate the nominal value, we periodically issue new shares that are distributed as stock dividends to each existing shareholder in proportion to such shareholder’s existing holdings, unless it increases the nominal value of the existing shares. These stock dividends (which under the Peruvian income tax law are not considered dividends) do not change a stockholder’s percentage of interest in us. In addition, we may from time to time capitalize profits and, in such case, we have to distribute stock dividends representing the profits capitalized.
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Dividends not collected within 10 years will be retained by us, increasing our legal reserve, and the right to collect such dividends will expire.
Under Peruvian law, each company may make formal cash distributions only out of net distributable income (calculated on an individual, unconsolidated basis and demonstrated by a statement of financial position at any given time). We, however, may pay provisional dividends. Payment of provisional dividends will be approved on the basis of consolidated financial statements which show the existence of net distributable income obtained during the current fiscal year. If, following such an interim provisional payment, we suffer a loss or if we finish the fiscal year with a net income that is lower than the amount of provisional dividends paid during such fiscal year, we could legally require all shareholders (including holders of ADRs) to return such payment to us with interest. However, it has been and continues to be our policy not to require shareholders to return such payment of provisional dividends, but rather to cover such contingency through a “dividends paid in advance” account to be offset by future net distributable income.
Non-controlling Shareholders
Law No. 28370, published on October 30, 2004, included in the Peruvian Companies Law certain provisions for the protection of non-controlling shareholders of public companies that aresociedades anónimas abiertas, such as us, and that were formerly contained in Law No. 26985, which had been abrogated. Legislative Decree No. 1061, effective since June 29, 2008, Law No. 29782, effective since July 29, 2011, and most recently Law No. 30050, effective since June 27, 2013, have abrogated or amended certain of these provisions. Pursuant to Article 262-A of the Peruvian Companies Law, we will furnish on our website and on the SMV’s website, upon the earlier to occur of (1) sixty days after the Annual Mandatory Meeting, or (2) the expiration of the three-month period after the end of the prior fiscal year in which such Annual Mandatory Meeting is required to be held, the information regarding total number and value of any shares not claimed by shareholders, the name of such shareholders, the share quote in the securities market for such shares, the total amount of uncollected dividends, the name of shareholders having uncollected dividends and where shares and dividends pending claim are available for the non-controlling shareholders. Article 262-B describes the procedure to request share certificates and/or dividends, that the holder of the shares can instruct us to deposit the dividends in a specific bank account, and that delivery of such share certificates and/or dividends is to be made within 30 days from the request. Article 262-F describes the procedure for handling any claim that the non-controlling shareholders may file, such claims to be resolved by the SMV. SMV may apply warnings and fines between approximately US$ 1,300 and US$ 32,500 in case the Company fails to comply such provisions for the protection of minority shareholders.

C. C. Material Contracts

Not Applicable.

D. D. Exchange Controls

Since August 1990, there have been no exchange controls in Peru and all foreign exchange transactions are based on free market exchange rates. Before August 1990, the Peruvian foreign exchange market consisted of several alternative exchange rates. Additionally, during the 1990s, the Peruvian currency has experienced a significant number of large devaluations, and Peru has consequently adopted and operated under various exchange rate control practices and exchange rate determination policies, ranging from strict control over exchange rates to market determination of rates. Current Peruvian regulations on foreign investment allow the foreign holders of equity shares of Peruvian companies to receive and repatriate 100% of the cash dividends distributed by such companies. Such investors are allowed to purchase foreign exchange at free market currency rates through any member of the Peruvian banking system and transfer such foreign currency outside Peru without restriction.

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E. Taxation

The following summarizes the material Peruvian and U.S. federal income tax consequences under present law of the purchase, ownership and disposition of ADSs or Common Shares. The discussion is not a full description of all tax considerations that may be relevant to a decision to purchase ADSs or Common Shares. In particular, this discussion deals only with holders that hold ADSs or Common Shares as capital assets and that have the U.S. Dollar as their functional currency. The summary does not address the tax treatment of certain investors that may be subject to special tax rules, such as partnerships and other entities classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes, banks, dealers and traders in securities ~~dealers,~~or foreign currencies, insurance companies, tax-exempt entities, persons that will hold ADSs or Common Shares as a position in a “straddle” or “conversion transaction” for tax purposes, holders ofwho actually or constructively own 10% or more of our shares by either vote or value, ~~and~~ certain taxpayers who file applicable financial statements required to recognize income no later than when the associated revenue is reflected on such financial ~~statements.~~statements and holders who acquired our ADSs or Common Shares pursuant to the exercise of any employee stock option or otherwise as compensation. This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be applicable to a U.S. Holder (as defined below), including gift, estate, any U.S. state or local taxes, non-U.S. taxes, other than Peruvian taxes as provided below, the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax or the U.S. Medicare tax on net investment income. There is no tax treaty currently in effect between Peru and the U.S., except for a treaty to exchange tax information. The information to be exchanged is defined in such treaty as any data or declaration that may be relevant or essential to the administration and application of taxes. Accordingly, the discussions below of Peruvian and U.S. tax considerations are based on the domestic law of each of Peru and the U.S. which are subject to change and possibly with retroactive effect.

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“U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of ADSs or Common Shares that is (i) a U.S. citizen or resident, (ii) a domestic corporation, (iii) a trust subject to the control of one or more U.S. persons (as described in Section 7701(a)(30)) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, “Code”) and the primary supervision of a U.S. court or that has validly elected to be treated as a U.S. person or (iv) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source.

If a partnership or other entity taxable as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds ADSs or Common Shares, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend on the status of the partner in such partnership and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships holding ADSs or Common Shares should consult their tax advisors.

Peruvian Tax Considerations

Cash Dividends and Other Distributions

Cash dividends paid with respect to Common Shares and amounts distributed with respect to ADSs are subject to Peruvian withholding income tax, at a rate of 5% for dividends paid or to be paid beginning January 1, ~~2018,~~2017, when the dividend originated from profits earned on or after January 1, 2017. If the dividend originated from profits earned between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2016, the withholding income tax rate for the dividend is 6.8%. If the dividend originated from profits earned as of December 31, 2014, the withholding income tax rate for dividends is 4.1%. The dividends distribution is related to prior accumulated results. This regime is applicable on dividends that are paid to shareholders that are: (i) individuals, whether resident or nonresident in Peru or (ii) nonresident entities. As a general rule, the distribution of additional Common Shares representing profits, distribution of shares which differ from the distribution of earnings or profits, as well as the distribution of preemptive rights with respect to Common Shares, which are carried out as part of a pro rata distribution to all shareholders, will not be subject to Peruvian Income Tax or withholding taxes.

Capital Gains

Pursuant to Article 6 of the Income Tax Law (the “ITL”), individuals and entities resident in Peru are subject to Peruvian Income Tax on their worldwide income while non-resident individuals or entities are subject to Peruvian Income Tax on their Peruvian source income only.

Furthermore, the ITL states that income deriving from the disposal of securities issued by Peruvian entities is considered Peruvian source income subject to the Income Tax.

With respect to this matter, Article 2 of the ITL, as amended by Legislative Decree 945, defines: (i) capital gains as any revenue deriving from the disposal of capital goods; and (ii) capital goods as those whose purpose is not to be traded in the regular course of a business. Moreover, Article 2 of the ITL states that income deriving from the disposal of shares and similar securities is considered a capital gain.

Accordingly, capital gains deriving from the disposal of securities issued by legal entities incorporated in Peru are considered Peruvian source income subject to Peruvian Income Tax.

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Currently, regardless of whether or not the transferor is domiciled in Peru, the ITL establishes that taxable income resulting from the disposal of securities is determined by the difference between the sale price of the securities and its tax basis. However, before December 31, 2009, capital gains resulting from the disposal of ADSs or Common Shares issued by legal entities incorporated in Peru were exempt from Peruvian Income Tax if: (i) in the case of non-regular individuals (i.e., individuals who do not frequently trade securities), the transaction was carried out before December 31, 2009; and (ii) in the case of shareholders other than individuals, the transaction was carried out on the Lima Stock Exchange (floor session) before December 31, 2009.
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Effective January 1, 2010, the exemption was repealed and, as such, capital gains resulting from the disposal of ADSs or Common Shares issued by legal entities incorporated in Peru became subject to Peruvian Income Tax, or the “Income Tax.” For non-resident entities or individuals, capital gains will be subject to an Income Tax rate of either 5% or 30%, depending where the transaction takes place. If the transaction is consummated within Peru, the Income Tax rate is 5%; if the transaction is consummated outside of Peru, capital gains are taxed at a rate of 30%.

The ITL Regulations have defined transactions consummated within Peru to mean that the securities at issue are transferred through the Lima Stock Exchange. In contrast, the transaction is considered to have been consummated abroad when (i) the securities at issue are not registered on the Lima Stock Exchange or (ii) registered securities are not transferred through the Lima Stock Exchange.

Before December 31, 2012, for nonresident individuals, the first five tax units (approximately US$6,800) of capital gains deriving from the transfer of securities were exempted from the Income Tax. Effective January 1, 2013, this exemption was repealed. If the transferor is a resident entity, capital gains deriving from the disposal of securities will be treated as any other taxable income subject to the 30% corporate Income Tax rate.

Furthermore, before December 31, 2012, if the transferor was a resident individual, the first five tax units (approximately US$6,800) of capital gains deriving from the transfer of securities were exempted from the Income Tax. Effective January 1, 2013, such exemption was repealed. Any capital gain earned by a resident individual is subject to the 5% annual Income Tax rate regardless of whether or not the transaction is carried out on the Lima Stock Exchange and regardless of how many transactions are carried out by such individual. In this case, the 5% Income Tax rate will be applicable over the annual net capital gain, which is calculated by deducting from the annual gross capital gain of the annual losses resulting from the disposal of shares during the same fiscal year.

Moreover, if the transferor, either a resident or nonresident individual or entity, acquired the ADSs or Common Shares that were exempt from the Income Tax before January 1, 2010, pursuant to a special provision of the ITL, the tax basis is the higher of: (i) the acquisition cost; (ii) the face or nominal value of the shares; or (iii) the stock market value at closing on December 31, 2009.

If the transferor, whether resident or nonresident in Peru, acquires the ADSs or Common Shares on or after January 1, 2010, the tax basis is: (i) for shares purchased by the transferor, the acquisition price paid for the shares; (ii) for shares received by the transferor as a result of a capital stock increase because of a capitalization of net profits, the face or nominal value of such shares; (iii) for other shares received free of any payment, the stock market value of such shares if listed on the Lima Stock Exchange or, if not, the face or nominal value of such shares; and (iv) for shares of the same type acquired at different opportunities and at different values, the tax basis will be the weighted average cost.

The aforementioned rules are also applicable to ADSs or Common Shares acquired before January 1, 2010 that were not exempt from the Income Tax as of December 31, 2009.

On December 31, 2010, Law No. 29645 was promulgated and took effect from January 1, 2011. This law states that in any transaction of Peruvian securities through the Lima Stock Exchange, CAVALI ICLV S.A. (the Peruvian clearing house) will act as withholding agent. As a result of this amendment, the nonresident will no longer have to self-assess and pay its Income Tax liability directly to the Peruvian Tax Administration.

Law No. 29645 has technically been in force since January 1, 2011. Implementing regulations were enacted in July 2011, and CAVALI ICLV S.A. began acting as a withholding agent on November 1, 2011. As a result, with regard to securities transferred through the Lima Stock Exchange by a nonresident transferor after November 1, 2011, such nonresident transferor is no longer obliged to self-assess and pay its Income Tax liability directly to Peruvian tax authorities within the first 12 working days following the month in which Peruvian source income was earned.

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If the purchaser is resident in Peru and the sale is not performed through the Lima Stock Exchange, the purchaser will act as withholding agent, except in cases in which the transferor is a resident individual.

However, if the transferor is a resident entity, such transferor is solely responsible for its Peruvian Income Tax on capital gains resulting from the disposal of ADSs or Common Shares, regardless of whether such securities are listed on the Lima Stock Exchange or elsewhere.
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On September 12, 2015 Law No. 30341 was published. This law entered into effect on January 1, 2016 and states that capital gains from the disposal of ADSs or Common Shares through December 31, 2018 issued by legal entities incorporated in Peru, executed through the Lima Stock Exchange, are exempt from Peruvian Income Tax if: (i) within a period of twelve (12) months the holder and its related parties do not transfer 10% or more of the issued shares of the legal entity in one or more transactions; and (ii) the Common Shares issued by such legal entity shall have been continuously traded in the stock market (the rules to determine if such shares are continuously traded are set forth in Law N°No. 30341, as amended). Law No. 30341 was amended by Legislative Decree No. 1262, published on December 10, 2016 and effective since January 1, 2017, which introduced minor amendments related to capital gains deriving from the disposal of ADSs and Common Shares and extended this income tax exemption through December 31, 2019. Law No. 30341 was amended for a second time by Urgent Decree No. 005-2019, published on October 24, 2019 and effective on January 1, 2020, which introduced minor amendments regarding to the rules to determine when shares are continuously traded; and extended this income tax exemption through December 31, 2022.

~~Other Considerations~~Exchange Transactions

No Peruvian estate or gift taxes are imposed on the gratuitous transfer of ADSs or Common Shares. No stamp, transfer or similar tax applies to any transfer of Common Shares, except for commissions payable by seller and buyer to the Lima Stock Exchange (0.15% of value sold), fees payable to the SMV (0.05% of value sold), brokers’ fees (about 0.05% to 1% of value sold) and VAT (at the rate of 18%) on commissions and fees. Any investor who sells its Common Shares on the Lima Stock Exchange will incur these fees and taxes upon purchase and sale of the Common Shares.

Other Considerations
As explained in Item 10. Memorandum and Articles of Association –Final Beneficial Owners, on August 2, 2018, Legislative Decree No. 1372 was published. This law entered into effect on August 3, 2018 and its regulations were enacted by Supreme Decree No. 003-2019-EF, published on January 8, 2019. According to this law and its regulations, legal entities domiciled or established in Peru must report the identity of its ultimate beneficial owners, as a tool for law enforcement agencies to confront tax evasion, money laundering and terrorist financing. For this reporting obligation, legal entities includes any corporation, partnership or similar entity, trust, investment fund or joint venture. This obligation is also applicable to legal entities which are not domiciled in Peru but have a branch, subsidiary, joint venture or permanent establishment in Peru or, in the case of trusts, which have a grantor, settlor, beneficiaries or trustees domiciled in Peru. Ultimate beneficial owner is defined as the individual that effectively owns or controls a legal entity. For this purpose, ownership is when at least 10% of the capital of the legal entity is directly or indirectly under the ownership of an individual and its related parties. On September 25, 2019, the Tax Authority issued Superintendence Resolution No. 185-2019/SUNAT, establishing rules for this mandatory report and, for the legal entities that qualify as principal taxpayers as of November 30, 2019, the first deadline for filing this mandatory report was established within the first half of December 2019. The first deadline to present the affidavit with information regarding the final beneficiaries as of November 30, 2019 was set in the first half of December 2019.
Peruvian law was amended with the objective to grant greater guarantees to the taxpayers through application of the general anti-evasive rule (Rule XVI of the Preliminary Title in the Tax Code) and with the objective of providing more tools to the Tax Administration for effective implementation of the rule.
U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations

Assuming the obligations contemplated by the Amended and Restated Deposit Agreement are being performed in accordance with its terms, holders of ADSs (or ADRs evidencing ADSs) generally will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as the beneficial owners of the Common Shares represented by those ADSs. U.S. Holders should be aware that the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are pre-released before common shares are delivered to the depositary, or intermediaries in the chain of ownership between holders of ADSs and the issuer of the security underlying the ADSs, may be taking actions that are inconsistent with the claiming of foreign tax credits by holders of ADSs. Accordingly, the creditability of any Peruvian taxes could be affected by actions taken by such parties or intermediaries.

Cash Dividends and Other Distributions

In general, distributions with respect to the ADSs or Common Shares will, to the extent made from our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles, constitute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If a distribution exceeds the amount of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, as so determined under U.S. federal income tax principles, the excess will be treated first as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of the U.S. ~~holder’s~~Holder’s tax basis in the ADSs or Common Shares, and thereafter as capital gain. We do not intend to maintain calculations of our earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles and, unless and until such calculations are made, U.S. ~~holders~~Holders should assume all distributions are made out of earnings and profits and constitute dividend income. As used below, the term “dividend” means a distribution that constitutes a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

~~124~~115

Cash dividends paid with respect to Common Shares or Common Shares represented by ADSs generally are includible in the gross income of a U.S. Holder as ordinary income. Dividends generally are treated as foreign source income. Dividends paid to a U.S. Holder that is a domestic corporation are not eligible for the dividends received deduction available to such corporations. Under current law, a reduced U.S. tax rate is imposed on the dividend income of an individual U.S. Holder with respect to dividends paid by a domestic corporation or “qualified foreign corporation” if certain holding period requirements are met. A qualified foreign corporation generally includes a foreign corporation that is not a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) (as discussed below) ifand either (i) its shares are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States or (ii) it is eligible for benefits under a comprehensive U.S. income tax treaty. Clause (i) ~~will~~should apply with respect to the ADSs ~~if such ADSs are readily tradable on an established securities market in~~as long as the ~~United States. The~~ ADSs are traded on the New York Stock Exchange. As a result, we believe that we should be treated as a qualified foreign corporation and, therefore, dividends paid to an individual U.S. Holder with respect to ADSs for which the minimum holding period requirement is met should be taxed at a reduced rate. In the case of our Common Shares held directly by U.S. Holders and not underlying an ADS, it is not clear whether dividends paid with respect to such shares will represent “qualified dividend income.” U.S. Holders holding our Common Shares directly and not through an ADS are urged to consult their own independent tax advisors.
Dividends paid in Soles are includible in a U.S. dollar amount based on the exchange rate in effect on the date of receipt (which, in the case of ADSs, will be the date of receipt by the Depositary) whether or not the payment is converted into U.S. ~~Dollars~~dollars at that time. Any gain or loss recognized upon a subsequent sale or conversion or other taxable disposition of the Soles for a different amount of U.S. ~~Dollars~~dollars will be U.S. source ordinary income or ~~loss.~~loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Distributions to U.S. Holders of additional Common Shares or preemptive rights with respect to Common Shares that are made as part of a pro rata distribution to all of our shareholders generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax but in other circumstances may constitute a taxable dividend.

A U.S. Holder will generally be entitled to claim a U.S. foreign tax credit ~~for~~in respect of any Peruvian taxes imposed on dividends received on our Common Shares or Common Shares represented by ~~withholding or otherwise,~~ADSs, subject to generally applicable limitations and restrictions. In the case of U.S. individuals for whom the reduced rate of tax on dividends applies, such limitations and restrictions will appropriately take into account the rate differential under rules similar to section 904(b)(2)(B) of the ~~Internal Revenue Code~~Code. U.S. Holders who do not elect to claim a credit for foreign taxes may instead claim a deduction in respect of ~~1986,~~such Peruvian taxes. Dividends received with respect to our Common Shares or Common Shares represented by ADSs will be treated as ~~amended (the “Code”).~~foreign source income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and will be “passive category income” for purposes of calculating foreign tax credits in most cases, subject to various limitations. The rules governing foreign tax credits are complex and U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding their application to the particular circumstances of such holder.

A non-U.S. Holder generally is not subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax on dividends paid with respect to Common Shares or Common Shares represented by ADSs, unless such income is effectively connected with the conduct by the non-U.S. Holder of a trade or business within the United States.

Capital Gains

U.S. Holders will recognize ~~capital~~taxable gain or loss on the sale or other taxable disposition of ADSs or Common Shares (or preemptive rights with respect to such shares) held by the U.S. Holder or by the ~~Depositary.~~Depositary in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized on the sale or other taxable disposition and the U.S. ~~Holders will not recognize gain or loss on deposits or withdrawals of Common Shares~~Holder’s adjusted tax basis in ~~exchange for~~the ADSs or ~~on the exercise of preemptive rights. Any gain recognized by a U.S. Holder generally will be treated as U.S. source income. Consequently, in the case of a disposition of~~ Common Shares or ADSs in a transaction subject to Peruvian tax, the U.S. Holder may not be able to claim the foreign tax credit for any Peruvian tax imposed on the gain unless it has sufficient foreign source income from other sources against which it can apply the credit.Shares. Generally, such gain or loss will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder’s holding period for such Common Shares or ADSs exceeds one year. Long-term capital gain for an individual U.S. Holder is generally subject to a reduced rate of U.S. federal income tax. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations under the Code. Any gain recognized by a U.S. Holder generally will be treated as U.S. source income for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. Consequently, in the case of a sale or other taxable disposition of Common Shares or ADSs in a transaction subject to Peruvian tax, the U.S. Holder may not be able to claim a U.S. foreign tax credit for any Peruvian tax imposed on the gain unless it has sufficient foreign source income from other sources against which it can apply the credit.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, U.S. Holders will not recognize gain or loss on deposits or withdrawals of Common Shares in exchange for ADSs or on the exercise of preemptive rights.

A non-U.S. Holder of ADSs or Common Shares will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax on gain from the sale or other disposition of ADSs or Common Shares unless (i) such gain is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States or (ii) the non-U.S. Holder is an individual who is present in the United States for at least 183 days during the taxable year of the disposition and certain other conditions are met.

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Passive Foreign Investment Company

WeBased on our audited financial statements as well as relevant market and shareholder data, we believe that we ~~are~~were not ~~and will not become~~ a ~~passive foreign investment company~~PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes with respect to our 2019 taxable year. In addition, based on our audited or projected financial statements and current expectations regarding the value and nature of our assets, the sources and nature of our income, and relevant market and shareholder data, we do not anticipate becoming a PFIC for our 2020 taxable year. However, because this determination is based on our income, assets and the nature of our business, as well as the income, assets and business of entities in which we hold at least a 25% interest, from time to time, involves the application of complex tax rules, including the application of proposed United States Treasury Regulations, on which we are entitled to rely until they are finalized, and since our view is not binding on the courts or the IRS, no assurances can be provided that we will not be considered a PFIC for the ~~foreseeable future.~~ current, or any past or future tax year. The potential application of the PFIC rules is further discussed below.
A foreign corporation is a ~~passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”)~~PFIC in any taxable year in which, after taking into account the income and assets of certain subsidiaries pursuant to the applicable look-through rules, either (i) at least 75% of its gross income is passive income or (ii) at least 50% of the average value of its assets is attributable to assets that produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income. Passive income generally includes interest, dividends, rents, royalties and certain gains (including certain commodityrelated gains), but active business gains from the sale of commodities is not considered “passive income” for purposes of determining whether a company is a PFIC. Our PFIC status for any taxable year is likely to depend upon the extent to which our gross profit from our mining activities is considered active business gains.
~~125~~

If we were a PFIC in any year during which a U.S. Holder owned ADSs or Common Shares, we would not be treated as a “qualified foreign corporation” for purposes of qualifying dividends paid to a U.S. Holder for the reduced U.S. tax rate noted above. A U.S. Holder would also be subject to additional taxes on any excess distributions received from us and any gain realized from the sale or other disposition of ADSs or Common Shares (regardless of whether we continued to be a PFIC) unless such U.S. Holder makes an election to be taxed currently on its pro rata portion of our income, whether or not such income is distributed in the form of dividends, or otherwise makes a “mark-to-market” election with respect to the ADSs or Common Shares as permitted by the Code. A U.S. Holder has an excess distribution to the extent that distributions on ADSs or Common Shares during a taxable year exceed 125% of the average amount received during the three preceding taxable years (or, if shorter, the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the ADSs or Common Shares). To compute the tax on an excess distribution or any gain, (i) the excess distribution or the gain is allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the ADSs or Common Shares, (ii) the amount allocated to the current taxable year is taxed as ordinary income and (iii) the amount allocated to other taxable years is taxed at the highest applicable marginal rate in effect for each year and an interest charge is imposed to recover the deemed benefit from the deferred payment of the tax attributable to each year.

If we were a PFIC, U.S. Holders of interests in a holder of ADSs or Common Shares may be treated as indirect holders of their proportionate share of the ADSs or Common Shares and may be taxed on their proportionate share of any excess distribution or gain attributable to the ADSs or Common Shares. An indirect holder also must treat an appropriate portion of its gain on the sale or taxable disposition of its interest in the actual holder as gain on the sale or taxable disposition of the ADSs or Common Shares.

U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own independent tax advisors regarding the potential application of the PFIC rules and related reporting requirements to the Common Shares or ADSs and the availability and advisability of making an election to avoid the adverse tax consequences of the PFIC rules should we be considered a PFIC for any taxable year.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

Dividends in respect of the ADSs or Common Shares and the proceeds from the sale, exchange, redemption or ~~redemption~~other disposition of the ADSs or Common Shares may be reported to the ~~U.S. Internal Revenue Service~~IRS and a backup withholding tax may apply to such amounts unless the holder (i) is a ~~domestic~~ corporation (which may be required to establish its exemption by ~~carrying~~certifying its status on ~~U.S. Internal Revenue Service~~IRS Form W-9), (ii) in the case of a U.S. Holder other than a corporation, provides an accurate taxpayer identification number in the manner required by applicable law, (iii) in the case of a non-U.S. Holder, provides a properly executed ~~U.S. Internal Revenue Service~~IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E or other applicable Form W-8, or (iv) otherwise establishes a basis for exemption. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a U.S. Holder generally ~~will~~may be allowed as a credit against the U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability.

117
“Specified Foreign Financial Asset” Reporting

~~Owners~~U.S. Holders of “specified foreign financial assets” with an aggregate value in excess of US$50,000 (and in some circumstances, a higher threshold), may be required to file an information report with respect to such assets with their U.S. federal income tax returns. “Specified foreign financial assets” generally include any financial accounts maintained by foreign financial institutions as well as any of the following, but only if they are not held in accounts maintained by financial institutions: (i) stocks and securities issued by non-U.S. persons, (ii) financial instruments and contracts held for investment that have non-U.S. issuers or counterparties and (iii) interests in foreign entities.

F. F. Dividends and Paying Agents

Not applicable.

G. G. Statement by Experts

Not applicable.

H. H. Documents on Display

We are subject to the informational requirements of Exchange Act. In accordance with these requirements, we file annual reports and other information to the SEC. These materials, including this Annual Report on Form 20-F and the exhibits hereto, may be inspected and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549 and at the SEC’s regional offices at 175 W. Jackson Boulevard, Suite 900, Chicago, Illinois 60604, and 3 World Financial Center, Suite 400, New York, New York 10281-1022. Copies of the materials may be obtained from the Public Reference Room of the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549 at prescribed rates. The public may obtain information on the operation of the SEC’s Public Reference Room by calling the SEC in the U.S. at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains a web site athttp://www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC. Form 20-F reports and some of the other information submitted by us to the SEC may be accessed through this web site.
~~126~~

I. I. Subsidiary Information

~~Not applicable.~~See “Item 4. Information of the Company Buenaventura—C. Organizational Structure”

ITEM 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside of our control. Our primary market risks are related to fluctuations in the prices of gold, silver, zinc and lead. To a lesser extent, we are subject to market risk related to fluctuations in US$/ Sol exchange rates and to market risk related to interest rate fluctuation on our cash balances.

Commodity Contracts

Gold, silver, lead and copper hedging and sensitivity to market price

Our revenues and earnings are to a great extent influenced by world market prices for gold, copper, silver, zinc and lead that fluctuate widely and over which we have no control. We and our wholly-owned subsidiaries are completely unhedged as to the price at which our gold and silver will be sold. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Factors Relating to the Company—Our financial performance is highly dependent on the prices of gold, silver, copper and other metals.”

As of March 31, ~~2018,~~2020, we had no silver derivative contracts or gold convertible put option contracts in place.

From January to December ~~2018,~~2020, El Brocal had no outstanding hedging ~~commitments amounting to 36,000 metric tons of copper at an average fixed price of US$6,479 per ton.~~commitments.

Yanacocha and Cerro Verde have informed us that they have generally not engaged in, and are currently not engaged in, gold or copper price hedging activities, such as forward sales or option contracts, to minimize their exposure to fluctuations in the prices of gold or copper.

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Normal Sales

We had no normal sales contracts with fixed or capped prices outstanding as of March 31, ~~2018.~~2020.

Foreign currency risk

We buy and sell our products and obtain capital facilities and investment in U.S. Dollars. The assets and liabilities in different currencies from the U.S. Dollar (Soles) are not significant. We estimate that the future exchange rate fluctuations of Peruvian currency versus the U.S. Dollar will not significantly affect the results of our future operations.

Interest Rate Sensitivity

We reduce our exposure to the risks due to variations in interest rates by engaging in financial obligations and capital leasing with fixed interest rates. See Note ~~32b~~33(a.3) to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Consequently, we do not use derivative instruments to manage this risk and we do not expect to incur significant losses based on interest ~~risks.~~risks
~~127~~

ITEM 12. Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities

A. A. Debt Securities

Not applicable.

B. B. Warrants and Rights

Not applicable.

C. C. Other Securities

Not applicable.

D. D. American Depositary Shares

The Depositary collects its fees for delivery and surrender of ADSs directly from investors depositing shares or surrendering ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal or from intermediaries acting for them. The Depositary collects fees for making distributions to investors by deducting those fees from the amounts distributed or by selling a portion of distributable property to pay the fees. The Depositary may collect its annual fee for depositary services by deductions from cash distributions or by directly billing investors or by charging the book-entry system accounts of participants acting for them. The Depositary may generally refuse to provide fee-attracting services until its fees for those services are paid. The following table summarizes the fees and expenses payable by holders of ADSs:

119
Persons depositing or withdrawing shares must pay:
Payable to:
For:
US$5.00 (or less) per 100 ADSs (or portion of 100 ADSs) Depositary ·Issuance of ADSs, including issuances resulting from a distribution of shares or rights or other property

US$5.00 (or less) per 100 ADSs (or portion of 100 ADSs) Depositary ·Cancellation of ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal, including if the deposit agreement terminates

A fee equivalent to the fee that would be payable if securities distributed to you had been shares and the shares had been deposited for issuance of ADSs Depositary ·Distribution of securities distributed to holders of deposited securities which are distributed by the depositary to ADS registered holders

Registration or transfer fees Depositary ·Transfer and registration of shares on our share register to or from the name of the Depositary or its agent when you deposit or withdraw shares

Expenses of the Depositary Depositary ·Cable, telex and facsimile transmissions (when expressly provided in the deposit agreement)

Expenses of the Depositary Depositary ·Converting foreign currency to U.S. Dollars

Taxes and other governmental charges the Depositary or the custodian have to pay on any ADS or share underlying an ADS, for example, stock transfer taxes, stamp duty or withholding taxes Depositary ·As necessary

~~Any charges incurred by the Depositary or its agents for servicing the deposited securities~~ ·     ~~As necessary~~
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Fees Incurred in Past Annual Period

From January 1, ~~2018~~2019 to April ~~30, 2018,~~9, 2020, we received no fees from the Depositary related to our ADR facility, including continuing annual stock exchange listing fees, standard out-of-pocket maintenance costs for the ADRs (consisting of the expenses of postage and envelopes for mailing annual and interim financial reports, printing and distributing dividend checks, electronic filing of U.S. federal tax information, mailing required tax forms, stationery, postage, facsimile, and telephone calls), any applicable performance indicators relating to the ADR facility, underwriting fees and legal fees.

Fees to be Paid in the Future

The Depositary has agreed to reimburse us for expenses we incur that are related to establishment and maintenance expenses of the ADS program. The Depositary has agreed to reimburse us for our continuing annual stock exchange listing fees. The Depositary has also agreed to pay the standard out-of-pocket maintenance costs for the ADRs, which consist of the expenses of postage and envelopes for mailing annual and interim financial reports, printing and distributing dividend checks, electronic filing of U.S. federal tax information, mailing required tax forms, stationery, postage, facsimile and telephone calls. It has also agreed to reimburse us annually for certain investor relationship programs or special investor relations promotional activities. In certain instances, the Depositary has agreed to provide additional payments to us based on any applicable performance indicators relating to the ADR facility. There are limits on the amount of expenses for which the Depositary will reimburse us, but the amount of reimbursement available to us is not necessarily tied to the amount of fees the Depositary collects from investors.

The Depositary collects its fees for delivery and surrender of ADSs directly from investors depositing shares or surrendering ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal or from intermediaries acting for them. The Depositary collects fees for making distributions to investors by deducting those fees from the amounts distributed or by selling a portion of distributable property to pay the fees. The Depositary may collect its annual fee for depositary services by deduction from cash distributions or by directly billing investors or by charging the book-entry system accounts of participants acting for them. The Depositary may generally refuse to provide fee-attracting services until its fees for those services are paid.

120
PART II

ITEM 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies

Not applicable.

ITEM 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

ITEM 15. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, we carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Based upon and as of the date of our evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file and submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Our management has assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, ~~2017.~~2019. In making its assessment, management has utilized the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) inInternal Control—Integrated Framework.Our management concluded that based on its assessment, our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, ~~2017.~~2019.

Our independent registered public accounting firm Paredes, Burga & Asociados S. Civil de R.L., has issued an attestation report on our internal control over financial reporting, which is included below.

~~129~~121

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Compañíaia de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. and subsidiaries

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited Compañíaia de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. and subsidiaries internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Compañíaia de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. and subsidiaries (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated statements of financial position of the Company as of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, the related consolidated statements of profit or loss, other comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, and the related notes and our report dated April ~~27, 2018,~~9, 2020, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
122
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm(continued)

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standard Board. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standard Board, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Paredes, Burga & Asociados S. Civil de R.L.
A member practice of Ernst & Young Global Limited

/s/ ~~Victor Burga~~Katherine Villanueva
Lima, Peru.
April ~~27, 2018~~9, 2020

~~130~~123

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during ~~2017~~2019 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 16A. ~~ITEM 15A.~~ Audit Committee Financial Expert

The Board of Directors has determined that Mr. German Suárez is the Audit Committee financial expert as defined in Item 16A of Form 20-F. The Board of Directors has also determined that Mr. Suárez and each of the other members of the Audit Committee are “independent directors” as defined in Section 303A.02 of the New York Stock Exchange’s, (“NYSE”), Listed Company Manual.

ITEM 16B. ~~ITEM 15B.~~ Code of Ethics

We have adopted a written code of business conduct and ethics that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, ~~and controller,~~ or persons performing similar functions, as well as all other employees. Our code of business conduct and ethics is posted on, and within five days following the date of any amendment or waiver we intend to disclose any amendments to or waivers from our code of business conduct and ethics on, our website, which is located at http://www.buenaventura.com. The information on our website is not a part of, nor incorporated into, this document.

ITEM 16C. ~~ITEM 15C.~~ Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The Audit Committee proposed at the General Meeting that Paredes, Burga & Asociados S. Civil de R.L., a member firm of EYErnst & Young Global Limited, be elected as the independent auditor for ~~2017.~~2019. Paredes, Burga & Asociados S. Civil de R.L. has served as our independent public accountant for each of the fiscal years in the two-year period ended December 31, ~~2016~~2018 and ~~2017,~~2019, for which audited consolidated financial statements appear in this annual report on Form 20-F.

The following table presents the aggregate fees for professional services and other services rendered by Paredes, Burga & Asociados S. Civil de R.L. for ~~2016~~2018 and ~~2017.~~2019.

Year ended December 31, Year ended December 31,
2016 2017 2018 2019
Audit Fees US$ 1,081,358 US$ 1,089,169 US$ 1,029,235 US$ 1,019,361
Tax Fees US$ 262,183 US$ 47,129 US$ 35,970 US$ 26,000
All other fees US$ 4,272 US$ 88,003 US$ 86,080 US$ 34,024
Total US$ 1,347,813 US$ 1,224,301 US$ 1,151,285 US$ 1,079,385
Audit Fees. Audit fees in the above table are the aggregate fees billed by Paredes, Burga & Asociados S. Civil de R.L. in connection with the audit of our annual consolidated financial statements, the review of our quarterly consolidated financial statements and statutory and regulatory audits. In addition, the amounts in the above table includes fees that were incurred in connection with the audit of internal control over financial reporting in ~~2016~~2018 and ~~2017.~~2019.
Tax Fees. Tax fees in the above table are fees billed by Paredes, Burga & Asociados S. Civil de R.L. in connection with review of income tax ~~filings, transfer pricing studies and tax consultations.~~filings.
Audit Committee Pre-approval Policies and Procedures

Our Audit Committee is responsible for the oversight of the independent auditor. The Audit Committee has adopted a policy regarding pre-approval of audit services provided by our independent auditors, or the “Policy.” In accordance with the Policy, the Audit Committee must pre-approve the provision of services by our independent auditor for all audit and non-audit services before commencement of the specified service. The ~~requests for pre-approval are submitted to the Audit Committee by the Chief Financial Officer and following approval by audit committee members an engagement letter is executed. The~~ Audit Committee approved all audit and tax fees in ~~2016~~2018 and ~~2017.~~2019.

ITEM 16D. ~~ITEM 15D.~~ Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees

Not applicable.

124
ITEM ~~15E.~~16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

For the year ended December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, neither we nor any person acting on our behalf made any purchase of our Common Shares.

ITEM 16F. ~~131~~
~~ITEM 15F.~~ Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant

None.

ITEM 16G. ~~ITEM 15G.~~ Corporate Governance

There are significant differences in the corporate governance practices followed by us as compared to those followed by U.S. domestic companies under the NYSE, listing standards. The NYSE listing standards provide that the board of directors of a U.S. domestic listed company must consist of a majority of independent directors and that certain committees must consist solely of independent directors. Under Peruvian corporate governance practices, a Peruvian company is not required to have a majority of the members of the board of directors be independent.

The listing standards for the NYSE also require that U.S. domestic companies have an audit committee, a nominating/corporate governance committee and a compensation committee. Each of these committees must consist solely of independent directors and must have a written charter that addresses certain matters specified in the listing standards. Peruvian corporate governance practices permit the board of directors of a Peruvian company to form special governance bodies in accordance with the needs of such company and do not require that these special governance bodies be composed partially or entirely of independent directors. We maintain three committees, which include the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee and the Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee. Our Board has determined that our Audit Committee is composed entirely of independent directors, as defined in the NYSE’s Listed Company Manual.

The NYSE’s listing standards also require U.S. domestic companies to adopt and disclose corporate governance guidelines. In July 2002, the SMV and a committee composed of regulatory agencies and associations prepared and published a list of suggested corporate governance guidelines called “Principles of Good Governance for Peruvian Companies.” These principles are disclosed on the SMV’s website athttp://www.smv.gob.pe. Our code of business conduct and ethics establishes our principles of good corporate governance and, as indicated in “Item 16B. Code of Ethics,” is posted on our website.

ITEM 16H. ~~ITEM 15H.~~ Mine Safety Disclosure

Not applicable.

~~132~~125

PART III

ITEM 17. ~~ITEM 16.~~ Consolidated Financial Statements

Not applicable.

ITEM 18. ~~ITEM 17.~~ Consolidated Financial Statements

Please refer to Item 19.

ITEM 19. ~~ITEM 18.~~ Exhibits

Page

(a)         Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedules

COMPAÑÍA DE MINAS BUENAVENTURA S.A.A. AND SUBSIDIARIES F-1

MINERA YANACOCHA S.R.L. ~~F-109~~F-123

SOCIEDAD MINERA CERRO VERDE S.A.A. ~~F-167~~F-201

(b) Index to Exhibits

1.1 By-laws (Estatutos) of Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A., as amended April 30, 2002 (incorporated by reference from Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2002, filed on June 25, 2003).

1.2 By-laws (Estatutos) of Minera Yanacocha S.R.L., as amended October 18, 1999 (incorporated by reference from Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2002, filed on June 25, 2003).

2.(d) Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities†
2.1 Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of June 27, 2016 among Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A., as Borrower, Banco de Crédito del Perú, as Administrative Agent, Compañía Minera Condesa S.A., Inversiones Colquijirca S.A. and Consorcio Energético de Huancavelica S.A., as Guarantors, and BBVA Banco Continental, Banco de Crédito del Perú, Corpbanca New York Branch, Banco Internacional del Perú S.A.A. – Interbank, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Dubai (DIFC) Branch, Banco Latinoamericano de Comercio Exterior, S.A. and Banco de Sabadell, Miami Branch, as Lenders (incorporated by reference from Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2016, filed on May 1, 2017).

4.1 Shareholders Agreement among SMM Cerro Verde Netherlands B.V., Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd., Sumitomo Corporation, Summit Global Management B.V., Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A., Cyprus Climax Metals Company, Phelps Dodge Corporation and Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A., dated June 1, 2005 (incorporated by reference from Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2005, filed on June 6, 2006).

11 Code of Conduct and Ethics (incorporated by reference from Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2013, filed on April 30, 2014).

12.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.†

~~133~~126

12.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.†

13.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.†

13.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.†

101 Interactive Data Files†

† Filed herewith.

~~134~~127

SIGNATURE

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.

COMPAÑÍA DE MINAS BUENAVENTURA S.A.A.

By: /s/Leandro Garcia
Leandro Garcia
Chief Financial Officer

Dated: April ~~30, 2018~~10, 2020
~~135~~128

Exhibit Index

Exhibit No. Document Description

1.1 By-laws (Estatutos) of Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A., as amended April 30, 2002 (incorporated by reference from Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2002, filed on June 25, 2003).

1.2 By-laws (Estatutos) of Minera Yanacocha S.R.L., as amended October 18, 1999 (incorporated by reference from Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2002, filed on June 25, 2003).
2.(d) Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities†

2.1 Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of June 27, 2016 among Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A., as Borrower, Banco de Crédito del Perú, as Administrative Agent, Compañía Minera Condesa S.A., Inversiones Colquijirca S.A. and Consorcio Energético de Huancavelica S.A., as Guarantors, and BBVA Banco Continental, Banco de Crédito del Perú, Corpbanca New York Branch, Banco Internacional del Perú S.A.A. – Interbank, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Dubai (DIFC) Branch, Banco Latinoamericano de Comercio Exterior, S.A. and Banco de Sabadell, Miami Branch, as Lenders (incorporated by reference from Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2016, filed on May 1, 2017).

4.1 Shareholders Agreement among SMM Cerro Verde Netherlands B.V., Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd., Sumitomo Corporation, Summit Global Management B.V., Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A., Cyprus Climax Metals Company, Phelps Dodge Corporation and Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A. dated June 1, 2005 (incorporated by reference from Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2005, filed on June 6, 2006).

11 Code of Conduct and Ethics. (incorporated by reference from Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2013, filed on April 30, 2014).

12.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.†

12.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.†

13.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.†

13.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.†

101 Interactive Data Files†
† Filed herewith.

Exhibits
129

Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ~~2017, 2016~~2019, 2018 and ~~2015,~~2017, together with the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

~~F-1~~

Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ~~2017, 2016~~2019, 2018 and ~~2015,~~2017, together with the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting ~~Firm.~~
~~Content~~Firm

Content
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
F-3

Consolidated Financial Statements
Consolidated statements of financial position ~~F-5~~F-7
Consolidated statements of profit or loss ~~F-6~~F-8
Consolidated statements of other comprehensive income ~~F-7~~F-9
Consolidated statements of changes in equity ~~F-8~~F-10
Consolidated statements of cash flows ~~F-9~~F-11
Notes to the consolidated financial statements ~~F-10~~F-12
~~F-2~~

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Compañia de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. and subsidiaries
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited Compañia de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. and subsidiaries internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Compañia de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. and subsidiaries (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated statements of financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of profit or loss, other comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes and our report dated April 9, 2020, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (continued)
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standard Board. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standard Board, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Paredes, Burga & Asociados S. Civil de R.L.
A member practice of Ernst & Young Global Limited
/s/ Katherine Villanueva
Lima, Peru.
April 9, 2020

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. ~~and Subsidiaries~~

Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A., and Subsidiaries (together the Group) as of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, and related consolidated statements of profit or loss, other comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Group at December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) the ~~Group’s~~Group´s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated April ~~27, 2018~~9, 2020 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Group’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Group’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Group in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
~~F-3~~
~~Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm(continued)~~

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (continued)
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Impairment of mining concessions, development costs, right-of-use asset, property, plant and equipment
Description of the Matter
At December 31, 2019, the net carrying value of the Group’s mining concessions, development costs, right-of-use asset, property, plant and equipment is US$1,754 million. Related disclosures are included in Note 2.4(n) and Note 11(b) to the consolidated financial statements. The Group reviews and evaluates its mining concessions, development costs, right-of-use asset, property, plant and equipment for impairment at least annually, or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable at the Cash Generating Unit level (CGUs). When the Group determines the existence of significant impairment indicators, management performs an assessment to determine whether an impairment has occurred. An impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit (CGU) exceeds its recoverable amount, which is the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. As result of performing its impairment tests, the Group recorded an impairment of US$2.1 million in its Julcani’s CGU as of December 31, 2019.
The impairment tests required the use of significant assumptions. These assumptions are described in note 11 (b) of the Group’s consolidated financial statements, and are based on, among others, current life of mine plans, market based commodity price assumptions, discount rates that reflect the current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the CGU, estimated quantities of recoverable minerals and operating and capital costs.
Auditing the Group’s impairment assessment for the above-noted CGUs is complex and highly judgmental; accordingly, we have determined this to be a critical audit matter.
How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit
We performed the following procedures, among others, to audit the impairment assessment of the CGUs noted above.
We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over the Group’s process over the impairment review assessment. We tested controls over the Group’s process for identifying and evaluating potential impairment indicators, the life of mine process, and management´s review of the significant assumptions, projected financial information and methodology used to develop such estimates. During our audit we evaluated and tested significant assumptions, judgments and operating data used in the Group’s analysis to determine the recoverable amounts.
We involved our valuation specialists to assist in comparing market based commodity price assumptions against market data including a range of analysts forecasts. We also involved our valuation specialists to evaluate the discount rates against current industry and economic trends as well as Group-specific risk premiums. We performed sensitivity analyses over changes in the discount rates and commodity price assumptions to the recoverable amounts of the CGUs.
To evaluate the estimated quantity of recoverable minerals used in the impairment analyses, we obtained reports from external specialists hired by management which validate the calculations performed by management’s qualified persons. In addition, we evaluated the competency and objectivity of the external specialists and management’s qualified persons through the consideration of their professional qualifications, experience and their use of accepted industry practices.
We evaluated other publicly available information that corroborated or contradicted the estimates of quantities of recoverable material determined by Management, or indicated that production from mineral interests will not likely occur or may be significantly reduced in the future. We also assessed the future cash flows by comparing forecasted commodity prices to available market information and future planned cash flows to internal business plans to assess the projected financial information. Furthermore, we evaluated management´s estimated quantities of recoverable minerals by comparing these estimates with the historical operating performance of the CGUs.
The estimated operating and capital costs as well as the future production levels used in the impairment analyses are based on life of mine plans. To assess the accuracy of the Group’s ability to estimate future costs and future production levels, we compared historical estimates against actual results and reviewed supporting analyses underlying the estimates used within the discounted cash flows. We also involved our valuation specialists to assist in comparing operating and capital costs against current market data and historical information relating to the performance of the CGUs.
Furthermore, we evaluated the Group’s disclosure of this matter in Note 2.4(n) and Note 11(b) to the consolidated financial statements.
Paredes, Burga & Asociados S. Civil de R.L.
A member practice of Ernst & Young Global Limited

/s/ ~~Victor Burga~~Katherine Villanueva
[We have served as the ~~Group’s~~Group‘s auditor since ~~2002~~2002]
Lima, Peru
April ~~27, 2018~~
9, 2020
~~F-4~~

Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated statements of financial position
As of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018

Note 2017 2016
US$(000) US$(000)
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents 6 214,551 80,544
Trade and other receivables, net 7(a) 306,884 269,089
Inventories, net 8(a) 132,287 120,947
Income tax credit 23,165 19,956
Prepaid expenses 9 17,551 11,392
Embedded derivatives for sale of concentrate, net 31(b) 7,424 -
701,862 501,928
Non-current assets
Trade and other receivables, net 7(a) 44,191 166,048
Inventories, net 8(a) 3,238 14,027
Income tax credit 3,413 3,660
Investments in associates 10(a) 1,536,887 1,536,607
Mining concessions, development costs, property, plant and equipment, net 11 1,949,555 1,960,025
Investment properties, net 12 222 10,089
Deferred income tax asset, net 27(b) 43,129 25,881
Prepaid expenses 9 27,555 30,431
Other assets 22,761 17,719
3,630,951 3,764,487
Total assets 4,332,813 4,266,415

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity, net
Current liabilities
Bank loans 13 96,215 55,000
Trade and other payables 14(a) 233,355 273,440
Provisions 15(a) 76,847 62,502
Income tax payable 2,081 8,686
Embedded derivatives for sale of concentrate, net 31(b) - 1,524
Financial obligations 16(a) 83,991 40,110
Hedge derivative financial instruments 31(a) 28,705 3,863
521,194 445,125
Non-current liabilities
Trade and other payables 14(a) 663 15,982
Provisions 15(a) 164,877 174,190
Financial obligations 16(a) 549,092 552,232
Contingent consideration liability 26(b) 17,570 19,343
Deferred income tax liabilities, net 27(b) 15,790 12,330
747,992 774,077
Total liabilities 1,269,186 1,219,202

Shareholders ‘equity, net 17
Capital stock 750,497 750,497
Investment shares 791 791
Additional paid-in capital 218,450 218,450
Legal reserve 163,071 162,744
Other reserves 269 269
Retained earnings 1,728,847 1,690,123
Other reserves of equity (13,888 ) (1,783 )
Shareholders ‘equity, net attributable to owners of the parent 2,848,037 2,821,091
Non-controlling interest 18(a) 215,590 226,122
Total shareholders’ equity, net 3,063,627 3,047,213
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity, net 4,332,813 4,266,415
Notes 2019 2018
US$(000) US$(000)
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents 6 210,046 369,200
Trade and other receivables, net 7(a) 287,712 211,715
Inventories, net 8(a) 97,973 135,919
Income tax credit 31,919 24,396
Prepaid expenses 9(a) 20,969 17,145
Hedge derivative financial instruments 32 - 2,759
648,619 761,134
Non-current assets
Trade and other receivables, net 7(a) 88,515 40,593
Inventories, net 8(a) 394 3,812
Income tax credit - 319
Investments in associates and joint ventures 10(a) 1,488,247 1,473,382
Mining concessions, development costs, right-of-use asset, property, plant and equipment, net 11(a) 1,754,372 1,847,615
Investment properties, net 204 222
Deferred income tax asset, net 28(b) 74,556 38,305
Prepaid expenses 9(a) 25,692 26,578
Other assets, net 12(a) 26,675 25,261
3,458,655 3,456,087
Total assets 4,107,274 4,217,221
��
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity, net
Current liabilities
Bank loans 13 55,000 95,000
Trade and other payables 14(a) 166,244 188,084
Provisions, contingent liabilities and other liabilities 15(a) 72,771 68,172
Income tax payable 5,650 1,760
Financial obligations 16(a) 265,692 46,166
565,357 399,182
Non-current liabilities
Trade and other payables 14(a) 616 639
Provisions, contingent liabilities and other liabilities 15(a) 221,736 199,762
Financial obligations 16(a) 305,996 540,896
Contingent consideration liability 27(b) 16,410 15,755
Deferred income tax liabilities, net 28(b) 28,959 31,422
573,717 788,474
Total liabilities 1,139,074 1,187,656

Shareholders’ equity, net 17
Capital stock 750,497 750,497
Investment shares 791 791
Additional paid-in capital 218,450 218,450
Legal reserve 163,168 163,115
Other reserves 269 269
Retained earnings 1,639,658 1,675,909
Other reserves of equity (1,311 ) (703 )
Shareholders ‘equity, net attributable to owners of the parent 2,771,522 2,808,328
Non-controlling interest 18(a) 196,678 221,237
Total shareholders’ equity, net 2,968,200 3,029,565

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity, net 4,107,274 4,217,221
~~F-5~~

Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated statements of profit or loss
For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017  ~~2016 and 2015~~
Note 2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Continuing operations
Operating income
Net sales of goods 20(a) 1,223,942 1,015,670 846,269
Net sales of services 20(a) 29,697 28,782 50,839
Royalty income 29(a) 20,739 24,339 32,414
Total operating income 1,274,378 1,068,791 929,522

Operating costs
Cost of sales of goods, excluding depreciation and amortization 21(a) (627,433 ) (497,812 ) (513,490 )
Cost of services, excluding depreciation and amortization 21(b) (12,954 ) (10,754 ) (59,612 )
Exploration in operating units 22 (94,928 ) (96,149 ) (89,699 )
Depreciation and amortization (213,722 ) (192,647 ) (232,583 )
Mining royalties 23 (31,217 ) (27,611 ) (27,188 )
Total operating costs (980,254 ) (824,973 ) (922,572 )
Gross profit 294,124 243,818 6,950

Operating expenses, net
Administrative expenses 24 (83,597 ) (81,692 ) (84,372 )
Exploration in non-operating areas 25 (18,262 ) (26,589 ) (30,610 )
Selling expenses (24,088 ) (21,733 ) (19,365 )
Impairment loss of long-lived assets 11(b) (21,620 ) - (3,803 )
Provision for contingences and others 15(c) (13,879 ) (565 ) (395 )
Write –off of stripping activity asset 11(e) (13,573 ) - -
Other, net (13,589 ) 18,957 (5,340 )
Total operating expenses, net (188,608 ) (111,622 ) (143,885 )
Operating profit (loss) 105,516 132,196 (136,935 )

Other income (expense), net
Share in the results of associates under equity method 10(b) 13,207 (365,321 ) (173,375 )
Finance income 26 5,517 6,830 11,026
Net gain (loss) from currency exchange difference 2,928 2,638 (13,693 )
Finance costs 26 (34,623 ) (31,580 ) (27,572 )
Total other income (expenses), net (12,971 ) (387,433 ) (203,614 )

Profit (loss) before income tax 92,545 (255,237 ) (340,549 )
Income tax
Current 27(c) (23,837 ) (39,444 ) (14,222 )
Deferred 27(c) 5,825 (14,060 ) (541 )
Profit (loss) from continuing operations 74,533 (308,741 ) (355,312 )

Discontinued operations
Loss from discontinued operations 1(e) (10,098 ) (19,073 ) (20,233 )
Profit (loss)for the year 64,435 (327,814 ) (375,545 )
Attributable to:
Owners of the parent 60,823 (323,492 ) (317,210 )
Non-controlling interest 18(a) 3,612 (4,322 ) (58,335 )
64,435 (327,814 ) (375,545 )
Basic and diluted profit (loss) per share attributable to equity holders of the parent, stated in U.S. dollars 17(e) 0.24 (1.27 ) (1.25 )
Profit (loss) for continuing operations, basic and diluted per share attributable to equity holders of the parent, expressed in US dollars 17(e) 0.28 (1.20 ) (1.17 )

Notes 2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Continuing operations
Operating income
Net sales of goods 20(b) 821,930 1,106,329 1,187,206
Sales of services 20(b) 23,661 24,001 29,697
Royalty income 20(b) 22,297 20,385 20,739
Total operating income 867,888 1,150,715 1,237,642

Operating costs
Cost of sales of goods, excluding depreciation and amortization 21(a) (512,874 ) (613,381 ) (604,650 )
Cost of sales of services, excluding depreciation and amortization 21(b) (3,378 ) (4,318 ) (12,954 )
Depreciation and amortization (226,335 ) (238,879 ) (210,154 )
Exploration in operating units 22 (44,163 ) (89,730 ) (89,311 )
Mining royalties 23 (12,832 ) (21,388 ) (30,884 )
Total operating costs (799,582 ) (967,696 ) (947,953 )

Gross profit 68,306 183,019 289,689

Operating expenses, net
Administrative expenses 24 (76,297 ) (77,099 ) (80,666 )
Selling expenses 20(e) (24,313 ) (26,948 ) (23,043 )
Exploration in non-operating areas 25 (11,879 ) (36,307 ) (18,262 )
Impairment recovery (loss) of long-lived assets 11(b) (2,083 ) 5,693 (21,620 )
Reversal (provision) of contingent and others 2,968 11,248 (13,740 )
Write – off of stripping activity asset 11(g) - - (13,573 )
Other, net 26 (14,715 ) (1,308 ) (13,230 )
Total operating expenses, net (126,319 ) (124,721 ) (184,134 )

Operating profit (loss) (58,013 ) 58,298 105,555

Other income (expense), net
Share in the results of associates and joint ventures 10(b) 47,710 (1,144 ) 13,207
Finance income 27 9,675 9,685 5,517
Finance costs 27 (42,173 ) (38,422 ) (34,551 )
Net gain (loss) from currency exchange difference (734 ) (1,384 ) 2,939
Total other income (expenses), net 14,478 (31,265 ) (12,888 )

Profit (loss) before income tax (43,535 ) 27,033 92,667

Current income tax 28(c) (11,911 ) (16,882 ) (23,713 )
Deferred income tax 28(c) 37,501 (9,997 ) 5,825

Profit (loss) from continuing operations (17,945 ) 154 74,779

Discontinued operations
Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to equity holders of the parent 1(e) (10,514 ) (11,808 ) (10,344 )

Profit (loss) for the year (28,459 ) (11,654 ) 64,435

Attributable to:
Equity holders of the parent (12,208 ) (13,445 ) 60,823
Non-controlling interest 18(a) (16,251 ) 1,791 3,612

(28,459 ) (11,654 ) 64,435

Basic and diluted profit (loss) per share attributable to equity holders of the parent, stated in U.S. dollars 17(a) (0.05 ) (0.05 ) 0.24
Profit (loss) for continuing operations, basic and diluted per share attributable to equity holders of the parent, expressed in US dollars
17(e) (0.01 ) (0.02 ) 0.28
~~F-6~~

Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated statements of other comprehensive income
For the years ended December 31, ~~2017, 2016~~2019, 2018 and ~~2015~~ 2017

2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Net profit (loss) 64,435 (327,814 ) (375,545 )

Other comprehensive profit (loss):
Other comprehensive income to be reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods
Net change in unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges (26,822 ) (4,368 ) (3,368 )
Other items in associates (427 ) 279 (546 )
Income tax effect 7,963 (1,301 ) 3,372

(19,286 ) (5,390 ) (542 )
Total other comprehensive profit (loss) 45,149 (333,204 ) (376,087 )

Attributable to:
Equity holders of the parent 48,718 (327,515 ) (316,725 )
Non-controlling interests (3,569 ) (5,689 ) (59,362 )

45,149 (333,204 ) (376,087 )
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Net profit (loss) (28,459 ) (11,654 ) 64,435

Other comprehensive profit (loss):
Other comprehensive income (loss) to be reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods
Net change in unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges, note 32 (2,759 ) 31,464 (26,822 )
Income tax effect 813 (9,916 ) 7,963
Unrealized gain on investments, net of income tax effect (291 ) 1,053 (427 )

(2,237 ) 22,601 (19,286 )

Total other comprehensive profit (loss), net of income tax (30,696 ) 10,947 45,149

Attributable to:
Equity holders of the parent (12,816 ) (260 ) 48,718
Non-controlling interests (17,880 ) 11,207 (3,569 )

(30,696 ) 10,947 45,149

~~F-7~~

Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated statements of changes in equity

For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 ~~2016 and 2015~~
Attributable to equity holders of the parent
Capital stock, net of
treasury shares
Number of
shares
outstanding Common
shares Investment
shares Additional
paid-in
capital Legal
reserve Other
reserves Retained
earnings Other
reserves
of equity Total Non-
controlling
interest Total
equity
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

As of January 1, 2015 253,715,190 750,497 1,396 219,055 162,710 269 2,328,423 1,755 3,464,105 298,020 3,762,125

Net loss - - - - - - (317,210 ) - (317,210 ) (58,335 ) (375,545 )
Other comprehensive profit (loss) - - - - - - - 485 485 (1,027 ) (542 )
Total other comprehensive profit (loss) - - - - - - (317,210 ) 485 (316,725 ) (59,362 ) (376,087 )

Dividends declared and paid, note 17(d) - - - - - - - - - (10,488 ) (10,488 )
Expired dividends - - - - 4 - - - 4 - 4
Other items - - - - - - 13,682 - 13,682 - 13,682
As of December 31, 2015 253,715,190 750,497 1,396 219,055 162,714 269 2,024,895 2,240 3,161,066 228,170 3,389,236

Net loss - - - - - - (323,492 ) - (323,492 ) (4,322 ) (327,814 )
Other comprehensive loss - - - - - - - (4,023 ) (4,023 ) (1,367 ) (5,390 )
Total other comprehensive loss - - - - - - (323,492 ) (4,023 ) (327,515 ) (5,689 ) (333,204 )

Change in non-controlling interest, note 18(a) - - - - - - (3,659 ) - (3,659 ) 11,041 7,382
Expired dividends - - - - 30 - - - 30 - 30
Treasury shares, note 17(b) - - (605 ) (605 ) - - - - (1,210 ) - (1,210 )
Dividends declared and paid, note 17(d) - - - - - - (7,621 ) - (7,621 ) (7,400 ) (15,021 )
As of December 31, 2016 253,715,190 750,497 791 218,450 162,744 269 1,690,123 (1,783 ) 2,821,091 226,122 3,047,213

Net profit - - - - - - 60,823 - 60,823 3,612 64,435
Other comprehensive loss - - - - - - - (12,105 ) (12,105 ) (7,181 ) (19,286 )
Total other comprehensive loss - - - - - - 60,823 (12,105 ) 48,718 (3,569 ) 45,149

Dividends declared and paid, note 17(d) - - - - - - (22,099 ) - (22,099 ) (6,036 ) (28,135 )
Change in non-controlling interest, note 18(a) - - - - - - - - - (927 ) (927 )
Expired dividends - - - - 327 - - - 327 - 327
As of December 31, 2017 253,715,190 750,497 791 218,450 163,071 269 1,728,847 (13,888 ) 2,848,037 215,590 3,063,627

Attributable to equity holders of the parent

Capital stock, net of
treasury shares

Number of shares
outstanding

Common
shares
Investment shares
Additional
paid-in
capital

Legal
reserve

Other
reserves

Retained
earnings

Other
reserves
of equity
Total
Non-controlling
interest

Total
equity

US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
As of January 1, 2017 253,715,190 750,497 791 218,450 162,744 269 1,690,123 (1,783 ) 2,821,091 226,122 3,047,213
Net profit - - - - - - 60,823 - 60,823 3,612 64,435
Other comprehensive loss - - - - - - - (12,105 ) (12,105 ) (7,181 ) (19,286 )
Total other comprehensive income (loss) - - - - - - 60,823 (12,105 ) 48,718 (3,569 ) 45,149

Dividends declared and paid, note 17(d) - - - - - - (22,099 ) - (22,099 ) (6,036 ) (28,135 )
Expired dividends, note 17(c) - - - - 327 - - - 327 - 327
Change in non-controlling interest, note 18(a) - - - - - - - - - (927 ) (927 )
As of December 31, 2017 253,715,190 750,497 791 218,450 163,071 269 1,728,847 (13,888 ) 2,848,037 215,590 3,063,627

Net profit (loss) - - - - - - (13,445 ) - (13,445 ) 1,791 (11,654 )
Other comprehensive income - - - - - - - 13,185 13,185 9,416 22,601
Total other comprehensive income (loss) - - - - - - (13,445 ) 13,185 (260 ) 11,207 10,947

Dividends declared and paid, note 17(d) - - - - - - (22,860 ) - (22,860 ) (5,560 ) (28,420 )
Change in investments, note 10(b) - - - - - - (16,633 ) - (16,633 ) - (16,633 )
Expired dividends, note 17(c) - - - - 44 - - - 44 - 44
As of December 31, 2018 253,715,190 750,497 791 218,450 163,115 269 1,675,909 (703 ) 2,808,328 221,237 3,029,565
Effect of new standards, note 2.3 - - - - - - (1,160 ) - (1,160 ) (179 ) (1,339 )
As of January 1, 2019 253,715,190 750,497 791 218,450 163,115 269 1,674,749 (703 ) 2,807,168 221,058 3,028,226
Net profit (loss) - - - - - - (12,208 ) - (12,208 ) (16,251 ) (28,459 )
Other comprehensive loss - - - - - - - (608 ) (608 ) (1,629 ) (2,237 )
Total other comprehensive income (loss) - - - - - - (12,208 ) (608 ) (12,816 ) (17,880 ) (30,696 )

Dividends declared and paid, note 17(d) - - - - - - (22,098 ) - (22,098 ) (6,500 ) (28,598 )
Change in investments, note 10(b) - - - - - - (785 ) - (785 ) - (785 )
Expired dividends, note 17(c) - - - - 53 - - - 53 - 53
As of December 31, 2019 253,715,190 750,497 791 218,450 163,168 269 1,639,658 (1,311 ) 2,771,522 196,678 2,968,200
~~F-8~~

Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated statements of cash flows
For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 ~~2016 and 2015~~

Note 2017 2016 2015 2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) Notes US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Operating activities
Proceeds from sales 1,197,523 1,003,422 965,273 783,000 1,216,294 1,197,523
Recovery from value added tax and other taxes 45,712 106,656 102,548
Dividends received 29 9,823 142,340 6,691 30(a) 33,388 46,792 9,823
Value added tax recovered 102,548 117,661 81,692
Royalty received 21,565 25,961 38,983 23,001 20,013 21,565
Interest received 3,169 2,140 3,650 4,265 2,383 3,169
Proceeds from insurance claim 26(c) - 38,793 -
Payments to suppliers and third parties (872,467 ) (672,419 ) (727,017 ) (610,737 ) (861,282 ) (872,467 )
Payments to employees (160,891 ) (138,113 ) (175,329 ) (137,300 ) (151,602 ) (160,891 )
Payments for tax litigation 7(g) (36,322 ) - -
Interest paid (30,402 ) (34,138 ) (21,518 ) (28,266 ) (27,699 ) (30,402 )
Income tax paid (24,935 ) (30,898 ) (38,121 )
Payments of mining royalties (20,165 ) (20,052 ) (22,836 ) (4,741 ) (13,190 ) (20,165 )
Income tax paid (38,121 ) (35,401 ) (22,330 )
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities 212,582 391,401 127,259 47,065 346,260 212,582

Investing activities
Proceeds from collection of loan to an associate 29(d) 124,800 - -
Proceeds from sale of mining concessions, development costs, property, plant and equipment 1,962 7,180 5,481
Proceeds from sale of concessions, development costs, property, plant and equipment to third parties 726 2,240 1,962
Additions to mining concessions, development costs, property, plant and equipment 11 (259,507 ) (366,834 ) (211,286 ) 11(a) (102,627 ) (111,270 ) (259,507 )
Payments for acquisition of other assets (5,405 ) (5,222 ) (10,238 ) 12(a) (3,700 ) (8,529 ) (5,405 )
Loans to associates 29(d) - - (124,800 )
Loans to third parties 7 - - (829 )
Proceeds from collection of loan to an associate 30(a) - - 124,800
Net cash and cash equivalents used in investing activities (138,150 ) (364,876 ) (341,672 ) (105,601 ) (117,559 ) (138,150 )

Financing activities
Proceeds from financial obligations 16(g) 80,000 275,210 296
Proceeds from bank loans 13 341,215 200,500 344,503 13 55,000 95,000 341,215
Payments of bank loans 13 (300,000 ) (442,957 ) (90,000 ) 13 (95,000 ) (95,000 ) (300,000 )
Proceeds from financial obligations 16(f) 161,894 - 80,000
Payments of financial obligations 16(g) (32,599 ) (33,476 ) (29,891 ) 16(f) (186,152 ) (45,222 ) (32,599 )
Short-term lease payments 16(f) (7,596 ) - -
Dividends paid to controlling shareholders 17(d) (22,099 ) (7,621 ) - 14(c) (22,098 ) (22,860 ) (22,099 )
Dividends paid to non-controlling shareholders 18(b) (6,036 ) (7,400 ) (10,488 ) 17(d) (6,500 ) (5,560 ) (6,036 )
Increase of restricted bank accounts 7(e) (166 ) (410 ) (285 )
Acquisition of non-controlling interest 18(a) (621 ) (5,459 ) - 18(a) - - (621 )
Increase of restricted bank accounts 7(e) (285 ) (2,087 ) -
Purchase of treasury shares 17(b) - (1,210 ) -
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in) financing activities 59,575 (24,500 ) 214,420 (100,618 ) (74,052 ) 59,575
Increase in cash and cash equivalents for the year, net 134,007 2,025 7
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents for the year, net (159,154 ) 154,649 134,007
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 80,544 78,519 78,512 369,200 214,551 80,544
Cash and cash equivalents at year-end 214,551 80,544 78,519 210,046 369,200 214,551

Financing and investing activities not affecting cash flows:
Changes in mine closures plans 10,593 34,532 74,907
Contingent consideration liability 1,773 2,349 6,032
Changes in estimates of mine closures plans 15(b) 26,722 42,874 10,594
Accounts receivable from sale of assets 5,371 5,204 - 7(a) 21,648 2,715 5,371
Fair value for contingent consideration liability 27(b) (655 ) 1,815 1,773

~~F-9~~

Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the consolidated financial statements
For the years ~~2017, 2016~~2019, 2018 and ~~2015~~2017

1. Identification and business activity

(a) Identification -
Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. (hereafter “the Company” or “Buenaventura”) is a publicly traded corporation incorporated in 1953. The Company stock is traded on the Lima and New York Stock Exchanges through American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), which represent the Company’s shares deposited in the Bank of New York. The Company’s legal domicile is at Las Begonias Street N°415, San Isidro, Lima, Peru.

(b) Business activity -
The Company and its subsidiaries (hereinafter “the ~~Group"~~Group”) are principally engaged in the exploration, mining, concentration, smelting and marketing of polymetallic ores and metals.

The ~~Group~~Company operates directly ~~five~~four operating mining units in Peru (Uchucchacua, Orcopampa, Julcani ~~Mallay~~ and Tambomayo), ~~two~~three discontinued mining units ~~(Poracota~~(Mallay, Poracota and Shila-Paula), and one mining unit under development stage (San Gabriel). In addition, the ~~Group~~Company has a controlling interest in Sociedad Minera El Brocal S.A.A. (hereinafter “El Brocal”), which operates the Colquijirca mining unit; in Minera La Zanja S.R.L. (hereinafter “La Zanja”), which operates La Zanja mining unit; in El Molle Verde S.A.C. (hereinafter “Molle Verde”) which operates Trapiche, a mining unit at the development stage; and in other entities dedicated to energy generation and transmission services, ~~construction and engineering services~~ and other activities. All these activities are ~~developed~~carried out in Peru.

(c) Approval of consolidated financial statements -
The consolidated financial statements as of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 were approved ~~by the Audit Committee on April 27, 2018.~~
~~The consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2016 were approved~~and authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on ~~February 28, 2017.~~April 9, 2020 and subsequent events have been considered through that date. They will then be presented for approval by the Company’s shareholders meeting. Those shareholders have the authority to approve and or otherwise modify the consolidated financial statements.

~~F-10~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

(d) The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the following subsidiaries:

Ownership
Country of
incorporation
and business December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016
Direct Indirect Direct Indirect
% % % %
Mining activities:
Compañía Minera Condesa S.A. Peru 100.00 - 100.00 -
Compañía Minera Colquirrumi S.A. Peru 100.00 - 100.00 -
Sociedad Minera El Brocal S.A.A. (*) Peru 3.18 58.24 3.08 58.24
Inversiones Colquijirca S.A. (*) Peru 89.76 10.24 89.76 10.24
S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca Peru 20.00 40.00 20.00 40.00
Minera La Zanja S.R.L. Peru 53.06 - 53.06 -
Minera Julcani S.A. de C.V. Mexico 99.80 0.20 99.80 0.20
Compañía de Minas Buenaventura Chile Ltda. Chile 90.00 10.00 90.00 10.00
El Molle Verde S.A.C. Peru 99.98 0.02 99.98 0.02
Apu Coropuna S.R.L. Peru 70.00 - 70.00 -
Cerro Hablador S.A.C. Peru 99.00 1.00 99.00 1.00
Minera Azola S.A.C. Peru 99.00 1.00 99.00 1.00
Compañía Minera Nueva Italia S.A. Peru - 93.36 - 93.36

Energy generation and transmission services:
Consorcio Energético de Huancavelica S.A. Peru 100.00 - 100.00 -
Empresa de Generación Huanza S.A. Peru - 100.00 - 100.00
Empresa de Generación Huaura S.A.C. (**) Peru - - 0.01 99.99

Construction, engineering services and insurance brokerage:
Buenaventura Ingenieros S.A. Peru 100.00 - 100.00 -
Contacto Corredores de Seguros S.A. Peru 99.98 0.02 99.98 0.02
BISA Argentina S.A. (before Minera San Francisco S.A.) Argentina 56.42 43.58 56.42 43.58
Contacto Risk Consulting S.A. Peru - 98.00 - 98.00

Industrial activities:
Procesadora Industrial Río Seco S.A. Peru 100.00 - 100.00 -
Country of Ownership as of December 31,
incorporation and 2019 2018
business Direct Indirect Direct Indirect
% % % %
Mining activities:
Compañía Minera Condesa S.A. Peru 100.00 - 100.00 -
Compañía Minera Colquirrumi S.A. Peru 100.00 - 100.00 -
Sociedad Minera El Brocal S.A.A. (*) Peru 3.19 58.24 3.19 58.24
Inversiones Colquijirca S.A. (*) Peru 89.76 10.24 89.76 10.24
S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca Peru 20.00 40.00 20.00 40.00
Minera La Zanja S.R.L. Peru 53.06 - 53.06 -
Minera Julcani S.A. de C.V. Mexico 99.80 0.20 99.80 0.20
Compañía de Minas Buenaventura Chile Ltda. Chile 90.00 10.00 90.00 10.00
El Molle Verde S.A.C. Peru 99.98 0.02 99.98 0.02
Apu Coropuna S.R.L. Peru 70.00 - 70.00 -
Cerro Hablador S.A.C. Peru 99.00 1.00 99.00 1.00
Minera Azola S.A.C. Peru 99.00 1.00 99.00 1.00
Compañía Minera Nueva Italia S.A. Peru - 93.36 - 93.36

Energy generation and transmission services:
Consorcio Energético de Huancavelica S.A. Peru 100.00 - 100.00 -
Empresa de Generación Huanza S.A. Peru - 100.00 - 100.00

Insurance brokerage:
Contacto Corredores de Seguros S.A. Peru 99.98 0.02 99.98 0.02
Contacto Risk Consulting S.A. Peru - 98.00 - 98.00

Industrial activities:
Procesadora Industrial Río Seco S.A. Peru 100.00 - 100.00 -

(*) As of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, the participation of the Company in the voting rights of El Brocal is ~~61.42 and 61.32 percent, respectively.~~61.43 percent. Inversiones Colquijirca S.A. (hereafter “Colquijirca”), a Group’s subsidiary (99.99 percent as of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016)~~2018), has an interest in El Brocal’s capital stock, through which the ~~Group~~Company holds an indirect participation in El Brocal of 58.24 percent as of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016.~~
~~F-11~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~(**)~~ On December 29, 2016, the Board of Directors’ and Shareholders’ Meetings of Consorcio Energético de Huancavelica S.A. and Empresa de Generación Huaura S.A.C. approved the merger between these subsidiaries whereby Consorcio Energético de Huancavelica S.A. absorbed Empresa de Generación Huaura S.A.C. This merger had not effects in the consolidated financial statements.2018.

(e) Discontinued operations -
During 2019, the Group decided to classify its Mallay mining unit as discontinued. According to IFRS 5 “Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations”, the Group reclassified revenues and expenses related to this mining unit for the years 2018 and 2017 to the “Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to equity holders of the parent” caption.
During 2017, the Group sold the Breapampa and Recuperada mining units for US$22.0 million and US$0.6 million, respectively. As a result of such sales, the Group recorded reversals of the provision of impairment loss of long-lived assets and costs for sales of assets and supplies, which originated a net loss of US$~~4,050,000.~~4.0 million.

~~During 2016,~~Notes to the ~~Group sold the Antapite mining unit for US$1,003,000, which resulted in a net loss of US$3,014,000.~~consolidated financial statements(continued)

During 2017, as a result of the sales in 2017 and 2016, the ~~Group~~Company received the confirmation from the Ministry of Energy and Mines of the transfer of its obligation for closure of mining units, which generated a reversal of US$~~11,770,000.~~11.8 million.

The net cash flows used by the mining units with discontinued operations ~~for the years 2017, 2016 and 2015,~~ are presented below:

2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Operating activities (8 ) (7 ) (8 )
Investing activities - - (6 )
Financing activities - - -
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents during the year (8 ) (7 ) (14 )
~~F-12~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Operating activities (2 ) 1,800 1,732
Investing activities - (1,817 ) (1,796 )

Decrease in cash and cash equivalents for the year (2 ) (17 ) (64 )

The results of the discontinued operations mining units for the years ~~2017, 2016~~2019, 2018 and ~~2015~~2017 are presented below:

2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Operating income
Net sales - 1,149 22,740

Total income - 1,149 22,740

Operating costs
Cost of sales, excluding depreciation and amortization - (4,842 ) (19,540 )
Exploration - (3,777 ) (1,847 )
Depreciation and amortization - (5,049 ) (9,882 )
Mining royalties - (11 ) (223 )

Total operating costs - (13,679 ) (31,492 )

Gross loss - (12,530 ) (8,752 )
Operating income (expenses), net
Net loss in sale of mining units (18,550 ) (3,014 ) -
Changes in provision for closure of mining units, note 15(b) (12,701 ) (3,365 ) (45 )
Administrative expenses (941 ) (111 ) (2,234 )
Reversal (provision) for contingencies (423 ) 901 (381 )
Gain (loss) for sale in other assets (162 ) 3,200 -
Reversal of Impairment loss of long-lived assets for sale of mining units and other assets, note 11(a) 17,197 - -
Reversal of provision for closure of mining units for sale of mining units, note 15(b) 11,700 - -
Reversal of provision for impairment of inventories, note 8(b) 1,345 706 1,474
Impairment loss of long-lived assets, note 11(b) - (2,043 ) (7,452 )
Other, net (6,871 ) (1,793 ) (2,079 )

Total operating expenses, net (9,406 ) (5,519 ) (10,717 )

Operating loss (9,406 ) (18,049 ) (19,469 )

Other income (expense), net
Finance costs, note 15(b) (694 ) (970 ) (890 )
Net gain (loss)  from currency exchange difference 2 (50 ) 129

Total other expenses, net (692 ) (1,020 ) (761 )

Loss before income tax (10,098 ) (19,069 ) (20,230 )
Income tax - (4 ) (3 )

Loss from discontinued operations (10,098 ) (19,073 ) (20,233 )

Loss from the discontinued operations, per basic and diluted share, express in U. S. dollars (0.04 ) (0.07 ) (0.08 )
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Net sales 97 16,666 36,736
Cost of sales (2 ) (15,261 ) (32,301 )
Gross profit 95 1,405 4,435

Operating income (expenses), net
Administrative expenses (8,048 ) (1,661 ) (3,872 )
Changes in provision for closure of mining units, note 15(b) (1,912 ) (6,013 ) (12,701 )
Reversal (provision) for impairment of inventories, note 8(c) (320 ) - 1,345
Reversal (provision) for contingencies (134 ) (9 ) (562 )
Derecognition of long-lived assets (44 ) (5,100 ) -
Net loss in sale of mining units - - (18,550 )
Reversal of Impairment loss of long-lived assets, note 11(b) - 2,837 17,197
Reversal of provision for closure of mining units for sale of mining units - - 11,700
Others, net 117 (3,162 ) (8,438 )
Total operating expenses, net (10,341 ) (13,108 ) (13,881 )

Operating loss (10,246 ) (11,703 ) (9,446 )
Other income (expense), net
Finance costs, note 15(b) (266 ) (88 ) (766 )
Net gain (loss) from currency exchange difference (2 ) 30 (10 )
Total other expenses, net (268 ) (58 ) (776 )

Loss before income tax (10,514 ) (11,761 ) (10,222 )
Income tax - (47 ) (122 )

Loss from discontinued operations (10,514 ) (11,808 ) (10,344 )

Loss from the discontinued operations, per basic and diluted share, express in U. S. dollars (0.04 ) (0.03 ) (0.04 )

~~F-13~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

2. ~~Basis for preparation, consolidation and accounting policies~~
2.     Basis for preparation, consolidation and accounting policies

2.1. Basis of preparation -
The consolidated financial statements of the ~~Group~~Company have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, based on the records of the Company, except for the derivative financial instruments and financial assets and liabilities that have been measured at fair ~~value.~~value and discontinued operations that have been valued at the lower of (i) their carrying amount and (ii) its fair value less cost to sell.

The consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars and all values are rounded to the nearest thousands, except when otherwise indicated.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements ~~require~~requires that Management use judgments, estimates and assumptions, as detailed on the following note 3.

These consolidated financial statements provide comparative information in respect of prior periods.

2.2. Basis of consolidation -
The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries to the date of the consolidated statements of financial position.

Control is achieved when the Group is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. Specifically, the Group controls an investee if, and only if, the Group has:

- Power over the investee (i.e., existing rights that give it the current ability to direct the relevant activities of the investee).
- Exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee.
- The ability to use its power over the investee to affect its returns.

Generally, there is a presumption that a majority of voting rights result in control. To support this presumption and when the Group has less than a majority of the voting or similar rights of an investee, the Group considers all relevant facts and circumstances in assessing whether it has power over an investee, including:

- The contractual arrangement with the other vote holders of the investee.
- Rights arising from other contractual arrangements.
- The Group’s voting rights and potential voting rights or a combination of rights.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

The Group re-assesses whether or not it controls an investee if facts and circumstances indicate that there are changes to one or more of the three elements of control. Consolidation of a subsidiary begins when the Group obtains control over the subsidiary and ceases when the Group loses control of the subsidiary. Assets, liabilities, income and expenses of a subsidiary acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date the Group gains control until the date the Group ceases to control the subsidiary.

~~F-14~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
Profit or loss and each component of other comprehensive income are attributed to the equity holders of the ~~Parent~~parent of the Group and to the non-controlling interests, even if this results in the non-controlling interests having a deficit balance. When necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their accounting policies into line with the Group’s accounting policies.
All intra-group assets and liabilities, equity, income, expenses and cash flows relating to transactions between members of the Group are eliminated in full on consolidation.
A change in the ownership interest of a subsidiary, without a loss of control, is accounted for as an equity transaction.

If the Group loses control over a subsidiary, it derecognizes the related assets (including goodwill), liabilities, non-controlling interest and other components of equity, while any resultant gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss. Any investment retained is recognized at fair value.
2.3. Changes in accounting policies and disclosures -
~~Certain~~
The Group applied the following standards and amendments ~~applied~~for the first time for their annual reporting period commencing January 1, 2019:
- IFRS 16 Leases,
- Interpretation 23 Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments,
- Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2015 – 2017 Cycle.
The Group had to change its accounting policies as a result of adopting IFRS 16. The other amendments listed above did not have any impact on the amounts recognized in prior periods.
Several other amendments and interpretations apply for the first time in ~~2017; however, they did~~2019; but do not have ~~material~~an impact on the ~~annual~~ consolidated financial statements of the Group and therefore, have not been disclosed. The Group has not early adopted any ~~other standard, interpretation~~standards, interpretations or ~~amendment~~amendments that ~~has~~have been issued but isare not yet effective.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
IFRS 16 Leases -
The Group adopted IFRS 16 Leases from January 1, 2019, but has not restated comparatives for the 2018 reporting period, as permitted under the specific transition provisions in the standard. The reclassifications and the adjustments arising from the new leasing rules are therefore recognized in the opening statement of financial position as of January 1, 2019.
On adoption of IFRS 16, the Group recognized lease liabilities in relation to leases that had previously been classified as ‘operating leases’ under the principles of IAS 17 Leases. These liabilities were measured at the present value of the remaining lease payments, discounted using the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate as of January 1, 2019 (the weighted average incremental borrowing rate at transition was 5% per annum). The effect of adopting IFRS 16 is as follows:
Impact on the consolidated statement of financial position (increase / (decrease)) –
As of
December 31,
2019 As of
January 1,
2019
US$(000) US$(000)

Assets
Mining concessions, development costs, right-of-use asset, property, plant and equipment, net 6,185 18,528
Deferred income tax asset, net 390 400
Total assets 6,575 18,928

Liabilities
Financial obligations 7,503 19,885
Total liabilities 7,503 19,885

Shareholders’ equity, net
Retained earnings (928 ) (957 )
Total shareholders’ equity, net (928 ) (957 )
Impact on the consolidated statement of profit or loss (income / (expense)) -
As of
December 31,
2019
US$(000)
Operating costs
Cost of sales of goods, excluding depreciation and amortization 5,991
Depreciation and amortization (6,751 )
Total operating costs (760 )
Operating profit
Administrative expenses 272
Others, net 155
Total operating profit 427
Other income (expense), net
Finance costs 379
Profit (loss) before income tax 46

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
Impact on the consolidated statement of cash flows (increase / (decrease)) -
2019
US$(000)
Short-term and low-value lease payments (24,175 )
Net cash flows used in operating activities (24,175 )
Short-term lease payments (7,596 )
Net cash flows used in financial activities (7,596 )
Practical expedients applied -
In applying IFRS 16 for the first time, the Group used the following practical expedients permitted by the standard: i) applying a single discount rate to a portfolio of leases with reasonably similar characteristics, ii) accounting for operating leases with a remaining lease term of less than 12 months as at January 1, 2019 as short-term leases, iii) using hindsight in determining the lease term where the contract contains options to extend or terminate the lease. The Group also elected the transition practical expedient to not to reassess whether a contract is, or contains a lease at the date of initial application. Instead, for contracts entered into before the transition date the Group relied on its assessment made applying IAS 17 and IFRIC 4.
Below is a reconciliation between the balance of assets and liabilities as of January 1, 2019 under IFRS 16 compared with operating leases under IAS 17 as of December 31, 2018:
US$(000)
Operating lease commitments disclosed as of December 31, 2018 7,330
New operating leases commitments under IFRS 16 16,221
Exceptions:
-           Short-term leases not recognized as a liability (547 )
-           Low-value leases not recognized as a liability (3,119 )
Additional lease liability recognized as of January 1, 2019 19,885
Plus: Lease liability already recognized as of December 31, 2018 241,653
Lease liability as of January 1, 2019 261,538
Lessor accounting under IFRS 16 is substantially unchanged from IAS 17, therefore the Group did not need to adjust the accounting for assets held as lessor under operating leases, as a result of the adoption of IFRS 16.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
Interpretation 23 Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments
The Interpretation addresses the accounting for income taxes when tax treatments involve uncertainty that affects the application of IAS 12 Income Taxes. It does not apply to taxes or levies outside the scope of IAS 12, nor does it specifically include requirements relating to interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax treatments. The Interpretation specifically addresses the following:
- Whether an entity considers uncertain tax treatments separately
- The assumptions an entity makes about the examination of tax treatments by taxation authorities
- How an entity determines taxable profit (tax loss), tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax credits and tax rates; and
- How an entity considers changes in facts and circumstances
The Group determines whether to consider each uncertain tax treatment separately or together with one or more other uncertain tax treatments and uses the approach that better predicts the resolution of the uncertainty.
The Group applies significant judgement in identifying uncertainties over income tax treatments. The Group assessed whether the Interpretation had an impact on its consolidated financial statements. Upon adoption of the Interpretation, the Group considered whether it has any uncertain tax positions and concluded that it is probable that the taxation authorities will accept its tax treatments.
The effect of adopting IFRIC 23 is a follow:
Impact on the consolidated statement of financial position (increase / (decrease)) –
As of
December 31,
2019 As of
January 1,
2019
US$(000) US$(000)

Liabilities
Income tax payable 382 382
Total liabilities 382 382

Shareholders’ equity, net
Retained earnings (382 ) (382 )
Total shareholders’ equity, net (382 ) (382 )

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2015 – 2017 Cycle
- IFRS 3 Business Combinations
The amendments clarify that, when an entity obtains control of a business that is a joint operation, it applies the requirements for a business combination achieved in stages, including remeasuring previously held interests in the assets and liabilities of the joint operation at fair value. In doing so, the acquirer remeasures its entire previously held interest in the joint operation to fair value. An entity applies those amendments to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after January 1, 2019, with early application permitted.
These amendments did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Group, as there was no transaction in the year where joint control was obtained.
- IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements
An entity that participates in, but does not have joint control of, a joint operation might obtain joint control of the joint operation in which the activity of the joint operation constitutes a business as defined in IFRS 3. The amendments clarify that the previously held interests in that joint operation are not remeasured.
An entity applies those amendments to transactions in which the entity obtains joint control on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after January 1, 2019 with early application permitted.
These amendments did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Group, as there was no transaction in the year where joint control was obtained in relation of an arrangement the Group previously participated in.
- IAS 12 Income Taxes
The amendments clarify that the income tax consequences of dividends are linked more directly to past transactions or events that generated distributable profits than to distributions to owners. Therefore, an entity recognizes the income tax consequences of dividends in profit or loss, other comprehensive income or equity according to where it originally recognized those past transactions or events.
An entity applies the amendments for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019, with early application permitted. When the entity first applies those amendments, it applies them to the income tax consequences of dividends recognized on or after the beginning of the earliest comparative period.
Since the Group’s current practice is in line with these amendments, they had no impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Group.
F-20
Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
- IAS 23 Borrowing Costs
The amendments clarify that an entity treats, as part of general borrowings, any borrowing originally made to develop a qualifying asset when substantially all of the activities necessary to prepare that asset for its intended use or sale are complete. The entity applies the amendments to borrowing costs incurred on or after the beginning of the annual reporting period in which it first applies those amendments. The entity applies those amendments for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019, with early application permitted.
Since the Group’s current practice is in line with the amendments, they had no impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Group.

2.4. Summary of significant accounting policies –-
(a) Foreign currencies -
The Group´s consolidated financial statements are presented in US dollars, which is also the ~~Group’s~~parent company’s functional currency.
For each entity, the Group determines the functional currency and the items included in the financial statements of each entity are measured using that functional currency. For consolidation purposes, each entity presents its financial statements in US dollars.

Transactions and balances
Transactions in foreign currency ~~(a currency other than the functional currency)~~ are initially recorded by the Group at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions, published by the Superintendence of Banking and Insurance and Pension Fund Administrators (AFP for its acronym in Spanish).
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date. ~~Gains or losses from exchange differences~~
Differences arising from the settlement or translation of monetary ~~assets and liabilities~~items are recognized in profit or loss with the ~~consolidated statements~~exception of monetary items that are designated as part of a hedge. These are recognized in other comprehensive income (OCI) until the hedge items is disposed of, at which time, the cumulative amount is reclassified to profit or loss. Tax charges and credits attributable to exchange differences on those monetary items are also recognized in OCI.

Non-monetary assets and liabilities recognized in terms of historical cost are translated using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the initial transactions.

~~F-15~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

(b) Financial instruments ~~- Initial recognition and subsequent measurement -~~–
Initial recognition and subsequent measurement -
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

(i) Financial assets -
Initial recognition and measurement -
Financial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as ~~financial assets~~subsequently measured at amortized cost, fair value through OCI, and fair value through profit or ~~loss, loans and receivables, held-to-maturity investments, available-for-sale~~loss.
The classification of financial assets ~~or derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate. All~~at initial recognition depends on the financial ~~assets are recognized~~asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model for managing them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial ~~assets~~asset not ~~recorded~~ at fair value through profit or loss, transaction ~~costs~~costs.
In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortized cost or fair value through OCI, it needs to give rise to cash flows that are ~~attributable~~“solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) ¨ on the principal amount outstanding. This assessment is performed at an instrument level.
The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to ~~the acquisition of~~how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business model determines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial ~~asset.~~assets, or both.
Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a period established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognized on the trade date.

Subsequent measurement -
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in ~~four~~the following categories:

- Financial assets at amortized cost.
- Financial assets at fair value through OCI.
- Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss.
F-22
Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
Financial assets at amortized cost -
The Group measures financial assets at amortized cost if both of the following conditions are met:
- ~~Loans~~The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows, and ~~receivables.~~
- ~~Held-to-maturity investments.~~
- ~~Available-for-sale~~The contractual terms of the financial ~~investments.~~asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Financial assets at amortized cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest (EIR) method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss when the asset is derecognized, modified or impaired.
This category generally applies to other receivables included in the “Trade and other receivables, net” caption.
Financial assets at fair value through OCI -
Financial assets are classified and measured at fair value through OCI if they are held in a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets.
This category generally applies to the “Hedge derivative financial instruments” caption.
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss -
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading and financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or ~~loss.~~loss or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for the purpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interest are classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to be classified at amortized cost or at fair value through OCI, as ~~defined by IAS 39.~~described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition if doing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the consolidated statements of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value ~~presented as finance costs (negative changes) or finance revenue (positive changes)~~recognized in the consolidated statements of profit or loss.

Derivatives embedded in host contracts are accounted for as separate derivatives and recorded at fair value if their economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to those of the host contracts and the host contracts are not held for trading or designated at fair value though profit or loss. These embedded derivatives are measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in profit or loss.
~~Loans and receivables -~~
Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method, less impairment. The losses arising from impairment are recognized in the consolidated statements of profit or loss.
~~F-16~~
F-23

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

This category generally applies to the trade receivables included in the “Trade and other receivables, ~~net.~~net” caption.

~~Held-to-maturity investments -~~
Non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments and fixed maturities are classified as held to maturity when the Group has the positive intention and ability to hold them to maturity. The Group did not have any held-to-maturity investment as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.
~~Available-for-sale financial assets -~~
The available-for-sale financial assets include equity investments and debt securities. Equity investments classified as available for sale are those that are neither classified as held for trading nor designated at fair value through profit or loss. Debt securities in this category are those that are intended to be held for an indefinite period of time and may be sold in response to needs for liquidity or in response to changes in the market conditions. The Group did not have these financial assets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.
Derecognition-
A financial asset (or, where applicable a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognized when:

- The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have ~~expired.~~expired; or
- The Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a pass-through arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset or, (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates ~~if and~~ to what extent, it has retained the risk and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognize the transferred asset to the extent of the Group´s continuing involvement. In that case, the Group also recognizes an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Group has retained.

Impairment of financial assets-
The Group ~~assesses,~~recognizes an allowance for expected credit losses (ECLs) for all debt instruments not held at ~~each reporting date, whether~~fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between the contractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the original effective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms.
ECLs are recognized in two stages. For credit exposures for which there ~~is objective evidence~~has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are provided for credit losses that ~~a financial asset or group of financial assets is impaired. An impairment exists if one or more~~result from default events that are possible within the next 12-months (a 12-month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has ~~occurred~~been a significant increase in credit risk since ~~the~~ initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the ~~asset (an incurred "loss event"), has an impact on the estimated future cash flows~~exposure, irrespective of the ~~financial asset or~~timing of the ~~group of financial assets that can be reliably estimated.~~default (a lifetime ECL).

~~F-17~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
Evidence of impairment may include indications that the debtors or a group of debtors is experiencing significant financial difficulty, default or delinquency in interest or principal payments, the probability that they will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganization and observable data indicating that there is a measurable decrease in the estimated future cash flows, such as changes in economic conditions that correlate with defaults.

For ~~financial~~trade receivables and contract assets, ~~carried at amortized cost,~~ the Group ~~first assesses whether impairment exists~~applies a simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Therefore, the Group does not track changes in credit risk, but instead recognizes a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on its historical credit loss experience, adjusted for ~~financial assets that are individually significant, or collectively for financial assets that are individually insignificant.~~forward-looking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.

The ~~amount of any impairment loss~~Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are past due according to each contract. However, in certain cases, the impairment identified is measured as the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows. The present value of the estimated future cash flows is discount at theGroup may also consider a financial ~~asset’s original effective interest rate.~~
~~The carrying amount of the~~ asset is reduced through the use of an allowance account and the loss is recognized in the consolidated statements of profit or loss. Interest income (recorded as revenue in the statements of profit or loss) continues to be ~~accrued on~~in default when internal or external information indicates that the ~~reduced carrying amount and~~Group is ~~accrued using~~unlikely to receive the ~~interest rate used to discount~~outstanding contractual amounts in full before taking into account any credit enhancements held by the ~~future cash flows for the purpose of measuring the impairment loss. Loans together with the associated allowance are~~Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no ~~realistic prospect~~reasonable expectation of ~~a future recovery and all collateral has been realized or has been transferred to~~recovering the Group. If, in a subsequent year, the amount of the estimated impairment loss increases or decreases because of an event occurring after the impairment was recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is increased or reduced by adjusting the allowance account. If a write-off is later recovered, the recovery is credited to finance costs in the consolidated statements of profit or loss.contractual cash flows.

(ii) Financial liabilities-
Initial recognition and measurement-
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, ~~accounts payable, financial obligations,~~loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate.

All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and, in the case of ~~interest-bearing~~ loans, ~~and~~ borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

The Group’s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, financial obligations, ~~derivatives~~bank loans, financial ~~instruments~~liabilities for contingent consideration liability and ~~embedded derivatives.~~
~~F-18~~
Hedge derivative financial instruments.

~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
Subsequent measurement-
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss -
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss.

Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for ~~the purpose of~~ repurchasing in the near term. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Group that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by ~~IAS 39.~~IFRS 9. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognized in the consolidated statements of profit or loss.

~~Except for~~Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated at the ~~embedded derivative for concentrate sales,~~initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in IFRS 9 are satisfied. The Group has ~~not~~ designated ~~any~~ financial liabilities for contingent consideration liability ~~in this category.~~as at fair value through profit or loss.

~~Loans~~Financial liabilities at amortized cost (loans and ~~borrowings~~borrowings) -
After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowing are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate ~~method.~~method (EIR). Gains and losses are recognized in the ~~consolidated statements of~~ profit ~~and cost~~or loss when the liabilities are derecognized as well as through the EIR amortization process.

Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the ~~effective interest rate. Amortization under the effective interest rate method~~EIR. EIR amortization is included ~~as financial costs~~in the “Financial costs” caption in the consolidated statements of profit or loss. This category generally applies to interest-bearing loans and borrowings.

Derecognition-
A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.
When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the consolidated statements of profit or loss.

~~F-19~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
(iii) Offsetting of financial instruments -
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the consolidated statements of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

(c) Cash and cash equivalents -
“Cash and cash ~~equivalents~~equivalents” caption presented in the consolidated statements of financial position comprise cash at banks and on ~~hand.~~hand, and short-term highly liquid deposits with a maturity of three months or less, that are readily convertible to known amount of cash and subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of the consolidated statements of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and ~~short term~~short-term deposits ~~with a maturity~~as defined above, net of ~~three months or less, which~~outstanding bank overdrafts as they are ~~subject~~considered an integral part of the Group’s cash management.

Notes to ~~an insignificant risk of changes in value.~~the consolidated financial statements(continued)

(d) Inventories -
~~Materials and supplies~~
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value.
Cost is determined using the average method.
In the case of finished goods and work in progress, cost includes the cost of materials and direct labor and a portion of indirect manufacturing expenses, excluding borrowing costs.

The current portion of the inventories is determined based on the ~~expect~~expected amounts to be processed within the next twelve months. Inventories not expected to be processed within the next twelve months are classified as ~~long-term.~~non-current.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs to make the sale.

Provision ~~(reversal)~~(or reversal) for losses on the net realizable value are calculated based on a specific analysis conducted annually by the Management and is charged to ~~income~~profit or loss in the period in which it determines the need for the provision ~~(reversal)~~(or reversal).
Any provision for obsolescence of spare parts and supplies is determined by reference to specific items of stock based on inventory turnover level. A regular review is undertaken to determine the extent of any provision for obsolescence.

(e) Business combinations and goodwill -
Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the consideration transferred measured at acquisition date fair value and the amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquiree. For each business combination, the Group elects whether to measure the non-controlling interests in the acquiree at fair value or at the proportionate share of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred and included in ~~administrative expenses.~~“Administrative expenses” caption.

When the Group acquires a business, it assesses the financial assets and liabilities assumed for appropriate classification and designation in accordance with the contractual terms, economic circumstances and pertinent conditions as at the acquisition date. This ~~includes~~include the separation of embedded derivatives in host contracts by the ~~acquiree.~~
~~F-20~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
If the business combination is achieved in stages, any previously held equity interest is re-measured at its acquisition date fair value and any resulting gain or loss is recognized in the consolidated statements of profit or loss.acquire.

Any contingent consideration to be transferred by the acquirer will be recognized at fair value at the acquisition date. Contingent consideration classified as an asset or liability that is a financial instrument and within the scope of ~~IAS 39~~IFRS 9 Financial ~~Instruments: Classification and Measurement,~~Instruments, is measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in either profit or loss or as a change to other comprehensive income. If the contingent consideration is not within the scope of ~~IAS 39,~~IFRS 9, it is measured under the fair value at the reporting date with changes in ~~accordance with~~ the ~~appropriate IFRS. Contingent consideration that is classified as equity is not re-measured and subsequent settlement is accounted for within equity.~~fair value recorded in the consolidated statement of profit or loss.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

Goodwill is initially measured at cost, being the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and the amount recognized for non-controlling interests, and any previous interests held, over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. If the fair value of the net assets acquired is in excess of the aggregate consideration transferred, the Group re-assesses whether it has correctly identified again all of the assets acquired and all of the liabilities assumed and reviews the procedures used to measure the amounts to be recognized at the acquisition date. If the re-assessment still results in an excess of the fair value of net assets acquired over the aggregate consideration transferred, then the gain is recognized in the consolidated statements of profit or loss.

After initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. For the purpose of impairment testing, this difference is ~~allocate~~allocated to each of the Group’s cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the combination, irrespective of whether other assets or liabilities, of the acquiree, are assigned to those units.

Where goodwill has been allocated to a cash-generating unit and part of the operation within that unit is disposed of, the goodwill associated with the disposed operation is included in the carrying amount of the operation when determining the gain or loss on disposal. Goodwill disposed of in these circumstances is measured based on the relative values of the disposed operation and the portion of the cash-generating unit retained.

(f) Investments in associates and joint ventures -
An associate is an entity over which the Group has significant influence. Significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee, but is not control over those policies.
A joint venture is a type of joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the net assets of the joint venture. Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control of an arrangement, which exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control.
The considerations made in determining significant influence or joint control are similar to those necessary to determine control over subsidiaries. The Group's investments in associates and joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method.
Under this method, the investment in an associate or joint venture is initially recognized at cost.
The carrying amount of the investment is adjusted to recognize changes in the Group's share of net assets of the associate and joint ventures since the acquisition date. Goodwill relating to the associate is included in the carrying amount of the investment and is not tested for impairment individually.

~~F-21~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

The consolidated statement of profit or loss reflects the Group’s share of the results of operations of the ~~associates.~~
associates and joint ventures. Any change in ~~other comprehensive income~~OCI of those investees is presented, as part of the Group’s other comprehensive income. In addition, when there has been a change recognized directly in the equity of the associate and joint ventures, the Group recognizes its share of any changes, when applicable, in the consolidated statements of changes in shareholders’ equity. Unrealized gains and losses resulting from transactions between the Group and the associate or joint venture are eliminated to the extent of the interest in the ~~associate.~~associate or joint venture.

The aggregate of the Group´s share of profit or loss of an associate and joint ventures is shown on the face of the consolidated statements of profit or loss outside operating profit and represents profit or loss after tax in the ~~associates.~~associates and joint ventures.

The financial statements of the associates and joint ventures are prepared for the same reporting period as the Group. When necessary, adjustments are made to bring the accounting policies in line with those of the Group.

After the application of the equity method, the Group determines whether it is necessary to recognize an impairment loss of its investment in ~~associates.~~associates and joint ventures. At each reporting date, the Group determines whether there is objective evidence that the investments in the associates and joint ventures are impaired. If there is such evidence, the Group calculates the amount of impairment as the difference between the recoverable amount of the associate and its carrying value, and then recognizes the loss in the consolidated statements of profit or loss.

Upon loss of significant influence over the associate and joint ventures, the Group measures and recognizes any retained investment at its fair value. Any difference between the carrying amount of the associate and joint ventures upon loss of significant influence and the fair value of the retained investment and proceeds from disposal is recognized in consolidated statements of profit or loss.

(g) Prepaid expenses -
Non-monetary assets, which represent an entity’s right to receive goods or services, are presented as prepaid expenses. The asset is subsequently derecognized when the goods are received and the services are rendered.

(h) Property, plant and equipment -
Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

The initial cost of an asset comprises its purchase price or construction cost, any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset into operation, the initial estimate of the obligation for mine closing and, borrowing costs for qualifying assets. ~~The capitalized value of a finance lease is also included in this caption.~~

~~F-22~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

When significant parts of property, plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Group depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. ~~Also,~~In addition, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other maintenance and repair costs are recognized in the consolidated statement of profit or loss as incurred.

Depreciation-
Unit-of-production method:
In mining units with long useful lives, depreciation of assets directly related to the operation of the mine is calculated using the units-of-production method, which is based on economically recoverable reserves of the mining unit. Other assets related to these mining units are depreciated using the straight-line method with the lives detailed in the next paragraph.

Straight-line method:
Depreciation of assets in mining units with short useful lives or used for administrative purposes is calculated using the straight-line method of accounting. The useful lives are the following:

Years

Buildings, construction and other ~~Between~~ 6 ~~and~~to 20
Machinery and equipment ~~Between~~ 5 ~~and~~to 10
Transportation units 5
Furniture and fixtures 10
Computer equipment 4

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial ~~year end,~~year-end, and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

Disposal of assets -
An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognized is derecognized upon disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the consolidated statements of profit or loss when the asset is derecognized.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
(i) Leases -
The ~~determination of~~Group assesses at contract inception whether ~~an arrangement~~a contract is, or contains, a ~~lease~~lease. That is, ~~based on~~if the ~~substance of~~contract conveys the ~~arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on~~right to control the use of an identified asset for a ~~specific asset or~~period in exchange for consideration.
Group as a lessee -
The Group applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. The Group recognizes lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets ~~and~~representing the ~~arrangement conveys a~~ right to use the underlying assets.
i) Right-of-use assets -
The Group recognizes right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease. Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognized, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and the estimated useful lives of the related assets.
If ownership of the leased asset transfers to the Group at the end of the lease term or ~~assets, even~~the cost reflects the exercise of a purchase option, depreciation is calculated using the estimated useful life of the asset.
ii) Lease liabilities -
At the commencement date of the lease, the Group recognizes lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including in substance fixed payments) less any lease incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees. The lease payments also include the exercise price of a purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised by the Group and payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the Group exercising the option to terminate.
Variable lease payments that ~~right is~~do not ~~explicitly specified~~depend on an index or a rate are recognized as expenses (unless they are incurred to produce inventories) in the period in which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs. The Group do not have variable lease payments that do depend on an ~~arrangement.~~index or a rate.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
~~F-23~~

In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Group uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the lease payments or a change in the assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset.
The Group’s lease liabilities are included “Financial obligation” caption.
iii)
Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets -
The Group applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases of machinery and equipment without renew option. It also applies the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to leases of office equipment, which are considered low value. Lease payments on short-term leases and leases of low value assets are recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Group as a lessor –
Leases in which the Group does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Rental income arising is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease terms and is included in “Other, net” in the statement of profit or loss due to its operating nature. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognized over the lease term on the same basis as rental income. Contingent rents are recognized as revenue in the period in which they are earned.
(j)
Mining concessions -
Mining concessions represent ownership of the right of exploration and exploitation to the Group on mining properties that contains ore reserves acquired. Mining concessions are irrevocable, provided the holder of a mining concession complies with the obligations set forth in the General Mining Law. Such concessions have an indefinite term, subject to payment of an annual concession fee per hectare granted and achievement of minimum annual production for each hectare. Mining concessions are stated at cost and are amortized on units of production method, using as the basis proven and probable reserves. If the Group leaves these concessions, the costs associated are written off in the consolidated statements of profit or loss.
Cost includes the fair value attributable to mineral reserves and the portion of mineral resources considered probable of economic extraction at the time of a business combination.
At year-end, the Group evaluates if there is any indicator of impairment. If any indicator exists, the Group estimates the mining concession’s recoverable amount.
F-32

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
~~Group as a lessee -~~
A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. A lease that transfers substantially all the risk and rewards incidental to ownership to the Group is classified as a finance lease. Finance leases are capitalized at the commencement of the lease at the fair value of the leased property or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are recognized in finance costs in the consolidated statements of profit or loss.
A leased asset is depreciated over the useful life of the asset. However, if there is no reasonable certainty that the Group will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term, the asset is depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset and the lease term.
~~Operating lease payments are recognized as operating expenses in the consolidated statements of profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.~~
~~Group as a lessor -~~
~~Leases in which the Group does not transfer substantially all the risk and rewards of ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases.~~
Initial direct cost incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognized over the lease term on the same basis as rental income. Contingent rents are recognized as revenue in the period in which they are earned.
~~(j)~~
Mining concessions -are presented in the caption of “Mining concessions, development costs, right-of-use asset, property, plant and equipment, net”.
Mining concessions represent ownership of the right of exploration and exploitation to the Group on mining properties contains ore reserves acquired. Mining concessions are stated at cost and are amortized on units of production method, using as the basis of proven and probable reserves. If the Group leaves these concessions, the costs associated are written off in the consolidated statements of profit or loss.
~~Cost includes the fair value attributable to mineral reserves and the portion of mineral resources considered to be probable of economic extraction at the time of a business combination.~~
~~At end of each year, the Group evaluates if there is any indicator. If any impairment indicator exists, the Group estimates the asset’s recoverable amount.~~
~~F-24~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~Mining concessions are presented in the caption of mining concessions, development costs, property, plant and equipment, net.~~

(k)
Exploration and mine development costs –-
~~Exploration costs -~~
~~Exploration costs are expensed as incurred. These costs primarily include materials and fuels used, surveying costs, drilling costs and payments made to the contractors.~~

Exploration costs -
Exploration costs are expensed as incurred. These costs primarily include materials and fuels used, surveying costs, drilling costs and payments made to the contractors.
Exploration and evaluation activity includes:

Researching and analyzing historical exploration data.

Gathering exploration data through geophysical studies.

Exploratory drilling and sampling.

Determining and examining the volume and grade of the resource.

Surveying transportation and infrastructure requirements.

Conducting market and finance studies.

~~Development costs –~~

When the Group’s Management approves the feasibility of the conceptual study of a project, the costs incurred to develop such property, including additional costs to delineate the ore body and remove impurities it contains, are capitalized as development costs under the caption mining concessions, development costs and property, plant and equipment, net. These costs are amortized when production begins, on the units-of-production basis over the proven and probable reserves.

~~The development costs include:~~


-	Development costs –
	When the Group’s Management approves the feasibility of the conceptual study of a project, the costs incurred to develop such property, including additional costs to delineate the ore body and remove impurities it contains, are capitalized as development costs under the “Mining concessions, development costs, right-of-use asset, property, plant and equipment, net” caption. These costs are amortized when production begins, on the units-of-production basis over the proven and probable reserves.

	The development costs include:

	-	Metallurgical and engineering studies.

Drilling and other costs necessary to delineate ore body.

Removal of the initial clearing related to an ore body.

~~Development costs necessary to maintain production are expensed as incurred.~~


	~~(l)~~	Development costs necessary to maintain production are expensed as incurred.

	(l)	Stripping (waste removal) costs -–
		As part of its mining operations, the Group incurs waste removal costs (stripping costs) during the development and production phases of its mining operations. Stripping costs incurred in the development phase of a mine, before the production phase commences (development stripping), are capitalized as part of the cost of constructing the mine and subsequently amortized over its useful life using units of production method. The capitalization of development stripping costs ceases when the mine starts production.

As part of its mining operations, the Group incurs waste removal costs (stripping costs) during the development and production phases of its mining operations. Stripping costs incurred in the development phase of a mine, before the production phase commences (development stripping), are capitalized as part of the cost of constructing the mine and subsequently amortized over its useful life using units of production method. The capitalization of development stripping costs ceases when the mine starts production.

Stripping costs incurred during the production phase (production stripping costs) are generally considered to create two benefits, being either the production of inventory or improved access to the ore to be mined in the future. Where the benefits are realized in the form of inventory produced in the period, the production stripping costs are accounted for as part of the cost of producing those inventories. Where the benefits are realized in the form of improved access to ore to be mined in the future, the costs are recognized as a non-current asset, referred to as a stripping activity asset, if the following criteria are met:

~~F-25~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

-
	Stripping costs incurred during the production phase (production stripping costs) are generally considered to create two benefits, being either the production of inventory or improved access to the ore to be mined in the future. Where the benefits are realized in the form of inventory produced in the period, the production stripping costs are accounted for as part of the cost of producing those inventories. Where the benefits are realized in the form of improved access to ore to be mined in the future, the costs are recognized as a non-current asset, referred to as a stripping activity asset, if the following criteria are met:

	-	Future economic benefits are probable.

The component of the ore body for which access will be improved can be accurately identified.

The costs associated with the improved access can be reliably measured.

To identify components of deposit, the Group works closely with the operating personnel to analyze the mine plans. Mostly, an ore body can have several components. The mine plans, and therefore, the identification of components, will vary among mines for a number of reasons.

The stripping activity asset is initially measured at cost, which surges from an accumulation of costs directly incurred during the stripping activity. The production stripping cost is presented within mining concessions, development costs, property, plant and equipment, net in the consolidated statements of financial position.

The production stripping cost is subsequently depreciated using the units of production method over the expected useful life of the component identified of the ore body that has been made more accessible by the activity. This cost is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.


	~~(m)~~	To identify components of mineral deposit, the Group works closely with the operating personnel to analyze the mine plans. Mostly, an ore body can have several components. The mine plans, and therefore, the identification of components, will vary among mines for a number of reasons.

		The stripping activity asset is initially measured at cost, which is the accumulation of costs directly incurred to perform the stripping activity directly incurred during the stripping activity. The production stripping cost is presented within “Mining concessions, development costs, right-of-use asset, property, plant and equipment, net” caption in the consolidated statements of financial position.

		The production stripping cost is subsequently depreciated using the units of production method over the expected useful life of the component identified of the ore body that has been made more accessible by the activity. This cost is stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

	(m)	Investment properties –-
		Investment properties are measured at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any. Depreciation of the investment properties is determined using the straight-line method with useful life of 20 years.

		Investment properties are derecognized when either they have been disposed of or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognized in profit or loss in the period of derecognition. The amount of consideration to be included in the gain or loss arising from derecognition of investment property is determined in accordance with the requirements for determining the transaction price in IFRS 15.

~~Investment properties are measured at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any.~~F-34

~~Depreciation of the investment properties is determined using the straight-line method with useful life of 20 years.~~

Investment properties are derecognized either when they have been disposed of or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognized in profit or loss in the period of derecognition.

~~Transfers are made to (or from) investment property only when there is a change in use.~~

For a transfer from investment property to an item of property, plant and equipment, the deemed cost for subsequent accounting is the fair value at the date of change in use. If an item of property, plant and equipment becomes an investment property, the Group accounts for such property in accordance with the policy stated under property, plant and equipment up to the date of change in use.

~~F-26~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

	~~(n)~~
		Transfers are made to (or from) investment property only when there is a change in use. For a transfer from investment property to an item of property, plant and equipment, the deemed cost for subsequent accounting is the fair value at the date of change in use. If an item of property, plant and equipment becomes an investment property, the Group accounts for such property in accordance with the policy stated under property, plant and equipment up to the date of change in use.

	(n)	Impairment of non-financial assets -
		The Group assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Group estimates the asset’s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of (i) an asset’s or cash-generating unit’ (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and (ii) its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

		In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a post-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less cost of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.

		The Group bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the Group’s CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover a period of five years. A long-term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows limited to the live of the mine.

		Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment of inventories, are recognized in the consolidated statements of profit or loss in expense categories consistent with the function of the impaired asset.

		For non-financial assets in general, an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognized impairment losses may no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Group estimates the asset’s or CGU’s recoverable amount. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset or CGU’s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the consolidated statements of profit or loss.

The Group assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Group estimates the asset’s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or cash-generating unit' (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.F-35

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less cost of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.

Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment of inventories, are recognized in the consolidated statements of profit or loss in expense categories consistent with the function of the impaired asset.

For assets in general, an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognized impairment losses may no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Group estimates the asset’s or CGU’s recoverable amount. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset or CGU’s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the consolidated statements of profit or loss.

~~(o)~~

~~Provisions -~~

~~General~~-

Provisions are recognized when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost.

~~F-27~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

~~Provision for closure of mining units~~-

When the liability is initially recognized, the present value of the estimated costs is capitalized by increasing the carrying amount of the related mining assets (property, plant and equipment). Over time, the discounted liability is increased for the change in present value based on discounted rates that reflects current market assessments and the risks specify to the liability, in addition, the capitalized cost is depreciated and/or amortized based on the useful life of the asset. Any gain or loss resulting from the settlement of the obligation is recorded in the current results.

Changes in the estimated timing of rehabilitation or changes to the estimated future costs are dealt with prospectively by recognizing an adjustment to the rehabilitation liability and a corresponding adjustment to the related asset. Any reduction in the rehabilitation liability and, therefore, any deduction from the asset to which it relates, may not exceed the carrying amount of the asset. If it does, any excess over the carrying amount is taken immediately to the consolidated statements of profit or loss.

If the change in estimate results in an increase in the rehabilitation liability and, therefore, an addition to the carrying value of the asset, the Group considers whether this is an indication of impairment of the asset as a whole, and if so, tests for impairment, in accordance with IAS 36 "Impairment of Assets".

~~For closed mines, changes to estimated costs are recognized immediately in the consolidated statements of profit or loss.~~

	~~(p)~~	~~Treasury shares~~
	(o)	Provisions -
		General-
		Provisions are recognized when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost.

		Provision for closure of mining units-
		The Group records a provision for closure of mining units when a legally enforceable obligation arises, which is independent of the full depletion of the mine reserves.

		The Group recognizes a provision for closure of mining units once the obligation has been properly measured. The liability is initially recognized at the present value of the estimated costs and is capitalized as part of the carrying amount of the related mining assets (property, plant and equipment). The discounted liability is increased for the change in present value based on discounted rates that reflects current market assessments and the risks specify to the liability. In addition, the capitalized cost is depreciated and/or amortized based on the useful life of the asset. Any gain or loss resulting from the settlement of the obligation is recorded in the current results.

		Changes in the estimated timing of closure or changes to the estimated future costs are dealt with prospectively by recognizing an adjustment to the provision for closure and a corresponding adjustment to the related mining asset. Any reduction in the provision for closure and, therefore, any deduction from the mining asset to which it relates, may not exceed the carrying amount of the mining asset. If it does, any excess over the carrying amount is taken immediately to the consolidated statements of profit or loss.

		If the change in estimate results in an increase in the provision for closure and, therefore, an addition to the carrying value of the mining asset, the Group considers whether this is an indication of impairment of the asset as a whole, and if so, the Group performs an impairment test.

		For closed mines, changes to estimated costs are immediately recognized in the consolidated statements of profit or loss.

Own equity instruments that are reacquired (treasury shares) are recognized at cost and deducted from equity. No gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Group’s own equity instruments. Any difference between the carrying amount and the consideration, if reissued, is recognized as additional capital in equity. The voting rights related to treasury shares are cancelled for the Group and no dividends on such shares are allocated.F-36

~~(q)~~

~~Revenue recognition -~~

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Group and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is being made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duty. The specific recognition criteria described below must also be met before revenue is recognized:

~~Sales of concentrates and metals -~~

Revenue from sale of concentrates and metals is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer, usually on delivery of the goods, based on the commercial terms agreed.

~~F-28~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

Contract terms for the Company’s sale of metal in concentrate to customers allow for a price adjustment based on final assay results of the metal in concentrate by the customer to determine the final content. These are referred to as provisional pricing arrangements and are such that the selling price for metal in concentrate is based on prevailing spot prices on a specified future date after shipment to the customer (the quotation period). Adjustments to the sales price occurs based on movements in quoted market prices up to the date of final settlement. The period between provisional invoicing and final settlement can be between one and six months.

Sales contracts for metal in concentrate that have provisional pricing features are considered to contain an embedded derivative, which is required to be separated from the host contract for accounting purposes. The host contract is the sale of metals in concentrate, and the embedded derivative is the forward contract for which the provisional sale is subsequently adjusted with final liquidations. The embedded derivative is originated by the metals prices since the date of issuance of issuance of the provisional liquidation until the date of issuance of the final liquidation.

The embedded derivative, which does not qualify for hedge accounting, is initially recognized at fair value with subsequent changes in the fair value recognized in the consolidated statements of profit or loss until final settlement, and presented as part of net sales. Changes in fair value over the quotation period and up until final settlement are estimated by reference to forward market prices.

~~Interest income~~-

For all financial instruments measured at amortized cost, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset or liability. Interest income is included in finance income in the consolidated statements of profit or loss.

~~Royalty income~~-

~~The royalty income is recognized in accordance with the accrual method considering the substance of the relevant agreement.~~

~~Dividends~~-

~~Revenue is recognized when the Group's right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.~~

~~Revenue from engineering and construction services -~~

Revenue is recognized based on the stage of completion of contracts for existing services. The stage of completion is measured by reference to services performed to date as a percentage of total services to be performed by each contract.

	~~F-29~~
	(p)	Treasury shares -
		The Group´s own equity instruments that are reacquired (treasury shares) are recognized at cost and deducted from equity. No gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Group’s own equity instruments. Any difference between the carrying amount and the consideration, if reissued, is recognized as additional capital in equity. The voting rights related to treasury shares are cancelled for the Group and no dividends on such shares are allocated.

	(q)	Revenue recognition -
		Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized when control of goods or services are transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Group expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services.

		The Group has concluded that it is the principal in its revenue contracts because it typically controls the goods before transferring them to the customer.

		The disclosures of significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions relating to revenue from contracts with customers are provided in Note 3.

		Net sales of goods (concentrates and metals) -
		Revenue from sale of concentrates and metals is recognized at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, on delivery of the goods, including transportation. The normal credit term is 30 to 90 days upon delivery.

		The Group considers whether there are other promises in the contract that are separate performance obligations, to which a portion of the transaction price needs to be allocated. The Group considers that the only performance obligation is the delivery of the goods. In determining the transaction price for the sale of concentrates and metals, the Group considers the effect of variable consideration and the existence of significant financing components.

		Variable consideration -
		If the consideration in the contract includes a variable amount, the Group estimates the amount of consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for transferring the goods to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable that a significant revenue reversal for revenue recognized will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved.

F-37

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

~~Rental income -~~

Rental income arising from operating leases on investment properties is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is included in revenue in the consolidated statement of profit or loss due to its operating nature.

	~~(r)~~	~~Benefits~~
		The Group´s sales of concentrates and metal allow for price adjustments based on the market price at the end of the relevant quotation period (QP) stipulated in the contract. These are referred as to ~~employees~~provisional pricing arrangements and are such that the selling price for metal in concentrate is based on prevailing spot prices on a specified future date after shipment to the customer. Adjustments to the sales price occur based on movements in quoted market prices up to the end of the QP.

		Sales of concentrates and metals at provisionally prices include a gain (loss) to be received at the end of QP; this is considered a variable consideration. Changes in the price during the quotation period are recognized in the “Net sales of goods” caption as fair value of accounts receivables.

		For provisional pricing arrangements, any future change that occur over the QP are embedded within the provisionally price trade receivables and are, therefore, within the scope of IFRS 9 and not within the scope of IFRS 15. Given the exposure to the commodity price, these provisionally priced trade receivables will fail the cashflow characteristics test within IFRS 9 and will be required to be measured at fair value through profit or loss from initial recognition and until the date of settlement. The subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in the consolidated statements of profit or loss each period and presented separately from revenue from contracts with customer as part of “fair value gain/losses on provisionally priced trade receivables”. Changes in fair value over, and until the end of, the QP, are estimated by reference to updated forward market prices for gold and copper as well as taking into account relevant other fair value considerations set out in IFRS 13, including interest rate and credit risk adjustments.

		Revenue is recognized at the amount the Group expects to be entitled. The estimate of the price expected to be received at the end of the QP is generally the month of, the month before, or the month following the scheduled month of shipment or delivery according to the terms of the contracts, using the most recently determined estimate of metal in concentrate (based on initial assay results) and the estimated forward price. The requirements in IFRS 15 on constraint estimates of variable consideration are also applied to determine the amount of variable consideration that can be included in the transaction price.

		Sales of services -
		Services are recognized over time because the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Group. For measuring progress of the services, the Group used the output method in measuring progress of the services due to the Group has the right to invoice an amount that corresponds directly to the performance completed to date.

Salaries and wages, bonuses, post-employment benefits and vacations are calculated in accordance with IAS 19, "Employee Benefits" and are calculated in accordance with current Peruvian legislation based on the accrual basis.F-38

~~Workers’ profit sharing~~

The Group recognizes workers’ profit sharing in accordance with IAS 19, “Employees Benefits". Workers' profit sharing is calculated in accordance with the Peruvian law (Legislative Decree No. 892), and the applicable rate is 8% over the taxable net base of current year. According to Peruvian law, the limit in the workers' profit sharing that an employee can receive is equivalent to 18 months of wages, and any excess above such limit has be transferred to the Regional Government and “National Fund for Employment’s Promotion and Training” (“FONDOEMPLEO”).

~~(s)~~

~~Borrowing costs -~~

Costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalized as finance part of the cost of an asset. A qualifying asset is one whose value is greater than US$5 million and requires a longer period to 12 months to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that the Group incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.

~~(t)~~

~~Taxes~~-

~~Current income tax -~~

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid or the tax authority. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting period.

Current income tax relating to items recognized directly in equity is recognized in equity and not in the consolidated statements of profit or loss. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

~~Deferred income tax -~~

Deferred income tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

~~F-30~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)


		Significant financing components
		The Group receives short-term advances from its customers. Using the practical expedient in IFRS 15, the Group does not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component if it expects, at contract inception, that the period between the transfer of the promised good to the customer and when customer pays for that good will be one year or less.

		Contract Balances -
		Contract assets
		A contract asset is the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customer. If the Group performs by transferring goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, a contract asset is recognized for the earned consideration that is conditional.

		Trade receivables
		A receivable represents the Group´s right to an amount of consideration that is unconditional.

		Contract liabilities
		A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Group has received consideration (or an amount of consideration is due) from the customer. If customer pays consideration before the Group transfer goods or services to the customer, a contract liability is recognized when the payment is made or the payment is due (whichever is earlier). Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue when the Group performs under the contract.

		Cost to obtain a contract
		The Group pays sales commissions as part of the sales of services in the insurance brokerage segment. The Group has elected to apply the optional practical expedient for cost to obtain a contract which allows the Group to immediately expense sales commissions because the amortization period of the assets that the Group otherwise would have used is one year or less.

		Interest income -
		For all financial instruments measured at amortized cost, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset or liability. Interest income is included in finance income in the consolidated statements of profit or loss.

F-39

Deferred income tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences, except for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in associates, when the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

~~Deferred income tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognized~~Notes to the ~~extent that is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized.~~consolidated financial statements(continued)


		Royalty income-
		The royalty income is recognized when the later of the following events occurs: the subsequent sales occur or the performance obligation is satisfied (or partially satisfied).

		Dividends-
		Revenue is recognized when the Group’s right to receive the payment is established, which is generally, when shareholders approve the dividend.

		Rental income -
		Rental income arising from operating leases on investment properties is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is included in “Other, net” in the consolidated statement of profit or loss due to its operating nature.

	(r)	Benefits to employees -
		Salaries and wages, bonuses and vacations are calculated in accordance with IAS 19 “Employee Benefits” and are calculated in accordance with current Peruvian legislation based on the accrual basis.

		Workers’ profit sharing -
		The Group recognizes workers’ profit sharing in accordance with IAS 19 “Employees Benefits”. Workers’ profit sharing is calculated in accordance with the Peruvian law (Legislative Decree No. 892), and the applicable rate is 8% over the taxable net base of current year. According to Peruvian law, the limit in the workers’ profit sharing that an employee can receive is equivalent to 18 months of wages, and any excess above such limit has be transferred to the Regional Government and “National Fund for Employment’s Promotion and Training” (“FONDOEMPLEO”).

	(s)	Borrowing costs -
		Costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalized as finance part of the cost of an asset. The Group defines a qualifying asset as one which value is greater than US$5 million and requires a longer period to 12 months to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that the Group incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.

	(t)	Taxes-
		Current income tax -
		Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid or the tax authority. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting period.

		Current income tax relating to items recognized directly in equity is recognized in equity and not in the consolidated statements of profit or loss. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

F-40

~~The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)


		Deferred income tax -
		Deferred income tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

		Deferred income tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences, except for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in associates, when the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the near future.

		Deferred income tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized.

		The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilized. Unrecognized deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognized to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

		Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

		Deferred tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in profit and loss, OCI or directly in equity.

		Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right to compensate current tax assets against current income tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

		Peruvian mining royalties and special mining tax –
		In accordance with Law No.28258, as amended by Law No. 29788, mining royalties are either payable as the higher of as a specified percentage of operating profit or 1% of revenues. If the mining royalty is calculated as a percentage of operating profit, marginal rates ranging from 1% to 12% that increase progressively for companies with higher operating margins will apply.

Notes to the ~~extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.~~consolidated financial statements(continued)

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

~~Deferred tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in other comprehensive income or directly in equity.~~

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right to compensate current tax assets against current income tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

~~Peruvian mining royalties and special mining tax -~~

Mining royalties and special mining tax are accounted for in accordance with IAS 12 “Income Tax” because they have the characteristics of an income tax. This is considered to be the case when they are imposed under government authority and the amount payable is based on taxable income-rather than physical quantities produced or as a percentage of revenue-after adjustment for temporary differences. Legal rules and rates used to calculate the amounts payable are those in effect on the date of the consolidated statements of financial position.

Therefore, obligations arising from Mining Royalties and Special Mining Tax are recognized as income tax under the scope of IAS 12. Both, Mining Royalties and Special Mining Tax generated deferred tax assets and liabilities, which must be measured using the average rates expected to apply to operating profit in the quarter in which the Group expects to reverse temporary differences.

~~F-31~~

~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~

Sales tax -

Expenses and assets are recognized net of the amount of sales tax, except:

(i)

When the sales tax incurred on a purchase of assets or services is not recoverable from the taxation authority, in which case, the sales tax is recognized as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of the expense item, as applicable;

(ii)

When receivables and payables are stated with the amount of sales tax included.

The net amount of sales tax recoverable from, or payable to, the taxation authority is included as part of receivables or payables in the consolidated statements of financial position.

(u)

Fair value measurement -

The Group measures its financial instruments ~~such as, derivatives and embedded derivatives,~~ at fair value at the date of the consolidated statements of financial position.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.

The Group uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the consolidated financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described, as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the consolidated financial statements on a recurring basis, the Group determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorization (based on the lowest-level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

~~F-32~~

~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~

The Group's Management determines the policies and procedures for both recurring fair value measurement and non-recurring measurement. At each reporting date, the Group's Management analyzes the movements in the values of assets and liabilities, which are required to be re-measured or re-assessed as per the Group’s accounting policies.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Group has determined classes of assets and liabilities based on the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

(v)

Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting -

Initial recognition and subsequent measurement-

The Group uses derivative instruments to hedge its commodity price risk (forward commodity contracts) ~~and its foreign exchange risk.~~. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognized at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.

At the inception of the hedge relationship, the Group formally designates and documents the hedge relationship to which it wishes to apply hedge accounting and the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge.

The documentation includes identification of the hedging instrument, the ~~hedge~~hedged item, ~~or transaction,~~ the nature of the risk being hedged and how the ~~entity~~Group will assess ~~the effectiveness of changes in~~whether the hedging ~~instrument’s fair value in offsetting~~relationship meets the ~~exposure to changes in cash flows attributable~~hedge effectiveness requirements (including the analysis of sources of hedge ineffectiveness and how the hedge ratio is determined). A hedging relationship qualifies for hedge accounting if it meets all of the following effectiveness requirements:

F-43

Notes to the hedged risk. Such hedges are expected to be highly effective in achieving offsetting changes in cash flows and are assessed on an ongoing basis to determine that they actually have been highly effective throughout theconsolidated financial ~~reporting periods for which they were designated.~~statements(continued)

There is ‘an economic relationship’ between the hedged item and the hedging instrument.

The effect of credit risk does not ‘dominate the value changes’ that result from that economic relationship.

The hedge ratio of the hedging relationship is the same as that resulting from the quantity of the hedged item that the Group actually hedges and the quantity of the hedging instrument that the Group actually uses to hedge that quantity of hedged item.

The Group’s hedge is classified as cash flow hedge. The effective portion of gain or loss on the hedging instrument is initially recognized in the consolidated statements of changes in equity, under the ~~caption other~~“Other equity ~~reserves,~~reserves” caption, while the ineffective portion is recognized immediately in the consolidated statements of profit or loss in the ~~finance costs~~“Finance costs” caption.

(w)

Discontinued operations -

The Group classifies disposal groups as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through sale rather than through continuing use. Such disposal groups classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.

The criteria for held for sale classification is regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable and the disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition. Actions required to complete the sale should indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the sale will be withdrawn. Management must be committed to the sale expected within one year from the date of the classification.

~~F-33~~

~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~

An extension of the period required to complete a sale does not preclude an asset (or disposal group) from being classified as held for sale if the delay is caused by events or circumstances beyond the entity’s control and there is sufficient evidence that the entity remains committed to its plan to sell the asset.

~~Property, plant and equipment are not depreciated or amortized once classified as held for sale.~~

~~Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale are presented separately as current items in the consolidated statement of financial position.~~

~~A disposal group qualifies as discontinued operation if it is a component of an entity that either has been disposed of, or is classified as held for sale, and:~~

~~Represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations~~

~~It is part of a single coordinated plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations, or~~

~~It is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to re sale.~~

Discontinued operations are excluded from the results of continuing operations and are presented as a single amount as profit or loss after tax from discontinued operations in the consolidated statement of profit or loss.

Additional disclosures are provided in note 1(e). All other notes to the consolidated financial statements include amounts for continuing operations, unless otherwise mentioned.

(x)

Other assets -

Other assets represent patents and industrial property, right-of-use related to rights of way, and software licenses. Patents and industrial property and right-of-use are amortized over their useful economic lives. Software licenses are amortized over the straight-line method, using useful lives from 1 to 10 years.

The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite. Intangible assets with finite live are amortized over their useful economic lives and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortization period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortization expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognized in the statement of profit or loss in the expense category that is consistent with the function of the intangible assets.

Internally generated intangibles, excluding capitalized development costs, are not capitalized. Instead, the related expenditure is recognized in the consolidated statement of profit or loss in the period in which the expenditure is incurred.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the consolidated statement of profit or loss when the asset is derecognized.

Significant judgments, estimates and assumptions

The preparation of the Group’s consolidated financial statements requires Management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. The estimates and assumptions are continuously evaluated and based on Management´s experience and other facts, including the expectations about future events, which are reasonable under current situation. Uncertainty about these estimates and assumptions could result in outcomes that require material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets and liabilities affected in future periods. Further information on each of these areas and how they ~~impact~~affect the various accounting policies are described below and also in the relevant notes to the consolidated financial statements.

3.1.

Judgments

In the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies, Management has made the following judgments, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements:

(a)

Contingencies -

By their nature, contingencies will be resolved only when one or more uncertain future events occur or fail to occur. The assessment of the existence and potential quantum of contingencies inherently involves the exercise of significant judgment and the use of estimates regarding the outcome of future events.

~~F-34~~

~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~

(b)

Development start date -

The Group assesses the status of each exploration project of its mining units to determine when the development phase begins. One of the criteria used to evaluate the development start date is when the Group determines that the property can be economically developed.

(c)

Production start date -

The Group assesses the stage of each mine under development to determine when a mine moves into the production phase. The criteria used to assess the start date are determined based on the unique nature of each mining project, such as the complexity of the project and its location. The Group considers various relevant criteria to assess when the production phase is considered to have commenced. Some of the criteria used to identify the production start date include, but are not limited to:

Level of capital expenditure incurred compared to the original construction cost estimates.

Completion of a reasonable period of testing of the mine plant and equipment.

Ability to produce metal in saleable form (within specifications).

Ability to sustain ongoing production of metal.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

When a mine development /construction project moves into the production phase, the capitalization of certain mine development costs ~~ceases~~cease and costs are either regarded as forming part of the cost of inventory or expensed, except for costs that qualify for capitalization relating to mining asset additions or improvements. It is also at this point that depreciation or amortization commences.

(d)

Useful life of property, plant and equipment

Depreciation is calculated under the straight-line method of accounting considering the lower of estimated useful lives of the assets or estimated reserves of the mining unit. See Note 2.4(h) for useful lives.

(e)

Revenue from contracts with customers -

The Group applied the judgement for determining the timing of satisfaction of services of revenue from contracts with customers. The Group concluded that revenue related to services such as energy generation and transmission, industrial services, and other services is to be recognized over time because the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Group.

The Group determined that the output method is the best method in measuring progress of the services mentioned above due to the Group has the right to invoice an amount that corresponds directly to the performance completed to date.

3.2.

Estimates and assumptions

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The Group based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the consolidated financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market change or circumstances arising beyond the control of the Group. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

(a)

Determination of mineral reserves ~~and resources~~ -

Recoverable proven and probable reserves are the part of a mineral deposit than can be economically and legally extracted or produced at the time of the reserve determination. The determination of reserves involves numerous uncertainties with respect to the ultimate geology of the ore bodies, including quantities, grades and recovery rates. Estimating the quantity and grade of reserves requires the Group ~~calculates~~to determine the size, shape and depth of its ore bodies by analyzing geological data, such as sampling of drill holes, tunnes and other underground workings. In addition to the geology of the Group’s mines, assumptions are required to determine the economic feasibility of mining these reserves, ~~using~~including estimates of future commodity prices and demand, the mining methods ~~generally applied~~used and the related cost incurred to develop and mine its reserves. The process to estimate proven and probable ore reserves is audited by ~~mining and industry according~~an independent consultant each year.

F-46

Notes to ~~international guidelines.~~ the consolidated financial statements(continued)

All estimated reserves and resources represent estimated quantities of mineral proven and probable that under current conditions can be economically and legally processed.

~~F-35~~

~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~

The process of estimating quantities of reserves is complex and requires making subjective decisions when evaluating all geological, geophysical, engineering and economic information available choices. Reviews could occur on reserve and resources estimates due to, among others, revisions to the data or geological assumptions, changes in prices, production costs and results of exploration activities. Changes in estimated reserves and resources could affect mainly ~~affect~~ the ~~carrying value~~depreciation of fixed assets related directly to mining ~~concessions, development costs and property, plant and equipment; the charges in result for depreciation and amortization; and the carrying amount of~~activity, the provision for mine closure, the assessment of ~~mining units.~~the deferred asset’s recoverability and the amortization period for development costs.

(b)

Units of production depreciation -

~~Estimated economically recoverable reserves~~

Reserves and resources are used in determining the depreciation ~~and/or~~and amortization of mine-specific assets.

This results in a ~~depreciation/~~depreciation or amortization charge proportional to the depletion of the anticipated remaining ~~life-of-mine production. The~~ life of ~~each item, which~~mine production. Each mine’s life is assessed ~~at least~~ annually ~~has regard~~ to ~~both its~~evaluate: (i) physical life limitations and (ii) present assessments of economically recoverable reserves of the mine ~~property at which the asset is located.~~property. These calculations require the use of estimates and assumptions, including the amount of recoverable reserves. Changes ~~in estimates~~ are ~~accounted for~~recorded prospectively.

(c)

~~Mine rehabilitation provision~~Provision for closure of mining units -

The Group assesses its ~~mine rehabilitation~~ provision for closure of mining units at each reporting date using a ~~desconted~~discounted future cash flow method. In determining the amount of the provision, it is necessary to make significant ~~assumtions~~assumptions and estimates, ~~becasuse~~because exist many factors that can affect the final amount of this provision. ~~This~~These factors ~~includes~~include estimates of the extent and costs of ~~rehabilitation~~closure activities, technological changes, regulatory changes, cost increases as compared to the inflation rates, and changes in discount rates and periods ~~in which is~~where are expected that such costs will be incurred. These uncertainties may result in future actual expenditure differing from the amounts currently provided. The provision at the reporting date represents Management’s best estimate of the present value of the future ~~rehabilitation~~closure costs required.

(d)

Inventories ~~net~~ -

Inventories are classified ~~in short and long term in accordance with~~as current or non-current depending on the length of time that Management estimates will ~~start~~be needed to reach the production state of ~~the~~ concentrate ~~extracted from the~~extraction for each mining unit.

Net realizable value tests are performed at each reporting date and represent the estimated future sales price of the product the entity expects to realize when the product is processed and sold, less estimated costs to complete production and bring the product to sale. Additionally, Management considers the time value of money in calculating the net realizable value of its non-current inventories.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

(e)

Impairment of non-financial assets -

The Group assesses each asset or cash generating unit in each reporting period to determine whether any indication of impairment exists. Where an indicator of impairment exists, a formal estimate of the recoverable amount is made, which is considered ~~to be~~ the higher of (i) the fair value less costs of disposal and (ii) value in use. The assessments require the use of estimates and assumptions such as long-term commodity prices, discount rates, operating costs, among others. These estimates and assumptions are subject to risk and uncertainty.

~~F-36~~

~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~

The fair value of mining assets is generally calculated by the present value of future cash flows arising from the continued use of the asset, which include some estimates, such as the cost of future expansion plans, using assumptions that a third party might consider. The future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a discount rate that reflects current market assessment of the value of money over time, as well as specific risks of the asset or cash-generating unit under evaluation. The Group has determined the operations of each mining unit as a single cash generating unit.

F-48

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

(f)

~~Taxes~~Deferred income tax asset and recoverability -

Deferred tax assets are recognized for unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the losses can be utilized. Significant Management judgment is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognized, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies.

(g)

Fair value of contingent consideration -

The contingent consideration arising from a business combination is measured at fair value at the date of acquisition, as part of the business combination. If the contingent consideration is eligible to be recognized as a financial liability, the fair value is subsequently re-measured at each date of the consolidated financial statements. Determining the fair value of the contingent consideration is based on a model of discounted future cash flows. The key assumptions take into account the likelihood of achieving each goal of financial performance as well as the discount factor.

Standards issued but not effective

~~The relevant~~Certain new accounting standards and interpretations have been published that are not mandatory for December 31, 2019 reporting periods and have not been early adopted by the Group. These standards are not expected to have a material impact on the Group in the current or future reporting periods and on foreseeable future transactions.

Amendments to IFRS 3: Definition of a Business -

In October 2018, the IASB issued ~~but not yet effective, up~~amendments to the definition of a business in IFRS 3 Business Combinations to help entities determine whether an acquired set of activities and assets is a business or not. They clarify the minimum requirements for a business, remove the assessment of whether market participants are capable of replacing any missing elements, and add guidance to help entities assess whether an acquired process is substantive, narrow the definitions of a business and of outputs, and introduce an optional fair value concentration test. New illustrative examples were provided along with the amendments. Since the amendments apply prospectively to transactions or other events that occur on or after the date of ~~issuance~~first application, the Group will not be affected by these amendments on the date of ~~the Group’s financial statements are disclosed below. The Group intends~~transition.

Amendments to ~~adopt these standards, if applicable, when they become effective.~~

IAS 1 and IAS 8: Definition of Material -

~~IFRS 9 Financial Instruments~~

In ~~July 2014,~~October 2018, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements and IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors to align the ~~final version~~definition of ~~IFRS 9 Financial Instruments that replaces IAS 39~~‘material’ across the standards and ~~all previous versions of IFRS 9. IFRS 9 brings together all three~~to clarify certain aspects of the ~~accounting for~~definition. The new definition states that, “Information is material if omitting, misstating or obscuring it could reasonably be expected to influence decisions that the primary users of general purpose financial ~~instruments project: classification and measurement, impairment and hedge accounting. IFRS 9 is effective for annual periods beginning~~statements make on ~~or after January 1, 2018, with early application permitted. Except for hedge accounting, retrospective application is required, but~~ the ~~provision~~basis of ~~comparative~~those financial statements, which provide financial information about a specific reporting entity”. The amendments to the definition of material is not ~~compulsory. For hedge accounting,~~expected to have a significant impact on the ~~requirements are generally applied prospectively, with some limited exceptions.~~Group’s consolidated financial statements.

~~The Group plans to adopt the new standard on the required effective date and will not restate comparative information.~~

~~F-37~~

F-49

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

During 2017, the Group performed a detailed impact assessment of all three aspects of IFRS 9. This assessment is based on currently available information and may be subject to changes arising from further reasonable and supportable information being made available to the Group in 2018 when the Group will adopt IFRS 9. Overall, the Group expects no significant impact on its statement of financial position or equity from the adoption of IFRS 9. In addition, the Group will adopt changes in certain financial instruments.

~~(a)~~

~~Classification and measurement~~

As discussed in more detail in note 2.1(n), the Group recorded an embedded derivative for its sales of metal in concentrate that is disclosure separated from the accounts receivable in the consolidated statement of financial statement. On adoption of IFRS 9, the embedded derivative will no longer be separated from the concentrate receivables as the receivables are not expected to give rise to cash flows that represent solely payments of principal and interest. Instead, the receivables will be accounted for as one instrument and measured at fair value through profit or loss, with subsequent change in fair value recognized in the statement of profit or loss.

~~There will be no impact on financial liabilities.~~

~~For other financial assets currently measured at fair value, the Group will continue to classify and measure these at fair value.~~

~~(b)~~

~~Impairment~~

IFRS 9 requires the Group to record an expected credit loss for its debt instruments, loans and account receivables measured at fair value, regardless of the period. The Group will apply the simplified approach and record lifetime expected losses on all trade receivables measure at amortized cost. Given the short term nature of these receivables, the Group does not expect these changes will have a significant impact in the consolidated financial statements of the Group.

~~(c)~~

~~Hedge accounting~~

The Group has determined that all hedge transactions that are currently designated as effective hedges will continue to qualify as hedge accounting under IFRS 9. The Group has chosen not to retrospectively apply IFRS 9 at the time of transition for those hedges designated as hedges under IAS 39. As IFRS 9 does not change the main principles of how an entity should record the effective hedges, or apply the requirements of IFRS 9 on hedge accounting.

~~IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers~~

IFRS 15 was issued in May 2014, and establishes a five-step model to account for revenue arising from contracts with customers. Under IFRS 15, revenue is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration agreed with the customer. The new revenue standard will supersede all current revenue recognition requirements under IFRS. Either a full retrospective application or a modified retrospective application is required for annual periods beginning on or after January 1 2018. Early adoption is permitted.

~~F-38~~

~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~

The Group plans to adopt the new standard on the required effective date using the modified retrospective method, under which the accumulated effect of applying this new standard is presented adjusting the beginning balance of accumulated results (January 1, 2018). During 2016, the Group performed a preliminary assessment of IFRS 15, which was followed by a more detailed analysis in 2017.

~~(a)~~

~~Sales of mineral~~

For contracts with customers in which the sale of the mineral is expected to be the only performance obligation, it is expected that IFRS 15 will not have an impact on the income and results of the Group. The Group expects that the income recognition will occur at the moment in which control of the asset is transferred to the client, which generally occurs with the delivery of the goods. At the time of preparing the adoption of IFRS 15, the Group has considered the following:

~~(i)~~

~~Provisionally priced sales –~~

As discussed in note 2.1(q), the Group recognizes an embedded derivative for its concentrates sales at provisional pricing. IFRS 15 does not change the assessment of the impact of these provisional pricing features, which are required to account for in accordance with IFRS 9. Any subsequent changes that arise due to differences between initial and final assay will still be considered within the scope of IFRS 15 and will be subject to the constraint on estimates of variable consideration.

Revenue in respect of the host contract will be recognized when control passes to the customer and will be measured at the amount the entity expects to be entitled – being the estimate of the price expected to be received at the end of the quotation period (QP) using the most recently determined estimate of metal in concentrate (based on initial assay results) and the estimated forward price (which is consistent with current practice). When considering the initial assay estimate, the Group has considered the requirements of IFRS 15 in relation to the constraint on estimates of variable consideration. It will only include amounts in the calculation of revenue where it is highly probable that a significant revenue reversal will not occur when the uncertainty relating to final assay/quality is subsequently resolved, at the end of the QP. As disclosed above, the assay differences are not usually material to the Group, hence, no change is expected when compared to the current approach. Consequently, at the time the concentrate passes to the client, the Group will recognize a receivable because from that time it considers it has an unconditional right to consideration. This receivable will then be accounted for in accordance with IFRS 9.

With respect to the presentation of amounts arising from such provisionally priced contracts, IFRS 15 requires revenue from contracts with customers to be disclosed separately from other types of revenue. This means that revenue recognized from the initial sale must be separately disclosed in the financial statements from any income recognized from subsequent movements in the fair value of the related concentrate receivable. As the Group currently discloses movements in the embedded derivative in “Net sales”, this requirement will have no impact on it. Consistent with current practice, any subsequent changes that arise due to differences between initial and final assay will be recognized as an adjustment to revenue from contracts with customers.

~~F-39~~

~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~

~~(ii)~~

~~Impact of shipping terms -~~

The Group sells a portion of its inventories under commercial terms in which the Group is responsible of the delivery services after the date at which control of the concentrate passes to the client at the port of loading, that is when it crosses the ship´s rail. Under IAS 18, these shipping services are currently not considered to represent a separate service, hence, no revenue is allocated to them. Instead, concentrate revenue is recognized in full at the date the concentrate passes the ship’s rail, and the costs associated with shipping the goods are considered to be part of cost of sales.

Under IFRS 15, the provision of shipping services in these types of arrangements will be a distinct service (and therefore a separate performance obligation) to which a portion of the transaction price should be allocated and recognized over time as the shipping services are provided. The impact of these changes include:

~~Deferral of revenue: Some of the revenue currently recognized when the concentrate passes the ship’s rail will be deferred and recognized as the shipping services are subsequently provided; and~~

Disclosures: The revenue allocated to shipping services may need to be disclosed separately from concentrate revenue (where material), either on the face of the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income or in the notes.

The Group has determined that while these changes will impact some of its arrangements, the overall year on year impact on the timing of revenue recognition will not be material and consequently such revenue will not be disclosed separately.

~~(b)~~

~~Presentation and disclosure requirements~~

In addition to the presentation and disclosure requirements for provisionally priced sales discussed above, IFRS 15 contains other presentation and disclosure requirements which are more detailed than the current IFRS. The presentation requirements represent a significant change from current practice and will increase the volume of disclosures required in the Group’s financial statements. In 2017, the Group continued testing appropriate systems, internal controls, policies and procedures necessary to collect and disclose the required information.

~~IFRS 16 Leases~~

IFRS 16 sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases and requires lessees to account for all leases under a single on-balance sheet model similar to the accounting for finance leases under IAS 17. The standard includes two recognition exemptions for lessees: leases of ’low-value’ assets and short-term leases. IFRS 16 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2019. Early application is permitted. The Group is evaluating the impact of IFRS 16 in its consolidated financial statements and plans to adopt the new standard on the required effective date.

~~F-40~~

~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~

Transactions in ~~Soles~~soles

Transactions in ~~Soles~~soles are completed using exchange rates published by the Superintendent of Banks, Insurance and ~~AFP.~~A.F.P. As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, the exchange rates for U.S. dollars published by this Institution were US$~~0.3088~~0.3020 for buying and US$~~0.3082~~0.3015 for selling (US$~~0.2983~~0.2968 for buying and US$~~0.2976~~0.2959 for selling as of December 31, ~~2016)~~2018), and have been applied by the Group for the assets and liabilities accounts, respectively.

As of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, the Group presents the following assets and liabilities originally denominated in ~~Soles~~soles by its equivalent in U.S. dollars:

	2017			2016			2019			2018
	US$(000)			US$(000)				US$(000)			US$(000)

Assets
Cash and cash equivalents		6,233			6,332			6,796			11,526
Trade and other receivables		138,487			148,907			139,624			88,513
Income tax credit		24,779			24,962			31,960			24,277
Prepaid expenses		1,182			92
		170,681			180,293			178,380			124,316

Liabilities
Bank loans		(1,215	)		-
Trade and other payables		(87,839	)		(130,772	)		(60,311	)		(53,962	)
Income tax payable		(7,088	)		(7,262	)		(5,692	)		(2,080	)
Provisions		(35,572	)		(11,203	)
		(131,714	)		(149,237	)
Provisions, contingent liabilities and other liabilities								(41,515	)		(31,282	)
								(107,518	)		(87,324	)
Net asset position		38,967			31,056			70,862			36,992

Cash and cash equivalents

(a)

This caption is made up as follows:

	2017		2016		2019		2018
	US$(000)		US$(000)			US$(000)		US$(000)

Cash		327		290		304		347
Bank accounts (b)		51,953		48,754		37,836		57,078
Time deposits (c)		162,271		31,500		171,906		311,775
						210,046		369,200
		214,551		80,544

(b)

Bank accounts earn interest at floating rates based on market rates.

(c)

As of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, time deposits were kept in prime financial institutions, which generated interest at annual market rates and ~~had original~~have current maturities, ~~of less than 90 days,~~ according to the immediate cash needs of the Group.

~~F-41~~

F-50

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

Trade and other receivables, net

(a)

This caption is made up as follows:

2017 2016
US$(000) US$(000)
Trade receivables, net (b)
Domestic clients 102,119 89,811
Foreign clients 119,388 77,254
Related entities, note 29(b) 7,348 7,760
228,855 174,825
Allowance for doubtful accounts (f) (22,823 ) (22,644 )

206,032 152,181
Other receivables
Value added tax credit 74,785 96,204
Accounts payables to third parties 27,406 26,705
Refund applications of value added tax (c) 18,450 17,037
Tax deposits (d) 9,733 13,479
Due from for sales of assets, note 16(e) 5,371 5,204
Claims to third parties 3,851 113
Claims to tax authority 2,752 2,492
Restricted bank accounts (e) 2,372 2,087
Accounts receivable from hedge instruments 2,300 -
Advances to suppliers 1,977 908
Related entities, note 29(b) 732 126,669
Other minors 4,675 1,021

154,404 291,919
Allowance for doubtful accounts (f) (9,361 ) (8,963 )
145,043 282,956
Total trade and other receivables, net 351,075 435,137
Classification by maturity:
Current portion 306,884 269,089
Non-current portion 44,191 166,048

Total trade and other receivables, net 351,075 435,137

Classification by nature:
Financial receivables 255,088 319,454
Non-financial receivables 95,987 115,683

Total trade and other receivables, net 351,075 435,137
~~F-42~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
2019 2018
US$(000) US$(000)
Trade receivables, net (b)
Domestic clients 141,005 105,225
Foreign clients 78,860 56,312
Related entities, note 30(b) 6,247 7,177
226,112 168,714
Allowance for expected credit losses (f) (22,016 ) (22,013 )
204,096 146,701
Other receivables
Value added tax credit 53,754 49,332
Tax claims (g) 42,602 2,573
Accounts receivables to third parties 31,478 24,625
Due from for sales of assets (h) 21,648 2,715
Advances to suppliers 9,275 7,542
Tax deposits (d) 6,644 4,769
Refund applications of value added tax (c) 3,643 6,574
Interest receivable 3,244 3,000
Related entities, note 30(b) 2,967 3,705
Restricted bank accounts (e) 2,510 2,782
Dividends receivable 2,501 -
Loans to personnel 1,128 1,392
Account receivables from hedges derivatives - 3,949
Other minor 743 2,738
Allowance for expected credit losses (f) (10,006 ) (10,089 )
172,131 105,607
Total trade and other receivables, net 376,227 252,308

Classification by maturity:
Current portion 287,712 211,715
Non-current portion 88,515 40,593
Total trade and other receivables, net 376,227 252,308

Classification by nature:
Financial receivables 318,830 196,402
Non-financial receivables 57,397 55,906
Total trade and other receivables, net 376,227 252,308

Classification by measurement :
Trade receivables (without provisional prices) 38,550 39,152
Trade receivables (with provisional prices) 165,546 107,549
Other accounts receivables 172,131 105,607
Total trade and other receivables, net 376,227 252,308

(b) Trade accounts receivable are denominated in U.S. dollars, are neither due nor impaired, do not yield interest and have no specific guarantees.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

(c) ~~This item~~Corresponds mainly ~~corresponds~~to current year applications that are pending ~~to be refunded~~ as of December 31, 2017. In November 2013, Buenaventura filed claims procedures by S/19,500,000 (equivalent to US$5,817,000), in connection with undue offsets made by the Tax Authorities against tax debts of prior years. As of December 31, 2017, the resolution of the appeal process related to the S/19,500,000 claim is pending.2019.
In the opinion of the Management and Group’s legal advisors, the tax offset made by the Tax Authorities have no legal support, so there are enough arguments to obtain a favorable outcome in the claim process initiated by Buenaventura.

(d) Corresponds to deposits held in the Peruvian State bank, which only can be used to offset tax obligations that ~~companies~~the Group have with the Tax Authorities.

(e) These balances correspond mainly to collections that are charged into restricted bank accounts that only can be used for the payment of financial obligations held by the subsidiary Empresa de Generación Huanza S.A. (hereafter “Huanza”), according to the finance lease signed with Banco de Crédito del Perú in 2009. Below is presented the movement:
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Beginning balance 2,782 2,372 2,087
Increase 166 410 285
Decrease (438 ) - -

Final balance 2,510 2,782 2,372

(f) Below is presented the movement in the allowance for ~~doubtful accounts:~~expected credit losses:

2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) 2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Beginning balance 31,607 26,520 25,636 32,102 32,184 31,607
Provision of the period, note 24 676 5,087 903
Reversals of the period (99 ) - (19 )

Provision for other receivable, note 26 25 1,334 -
Provision for trade receivables, note 24 - 18 676
Provision of the period 25 1,352 676

Write off of the period (162 ) (410 ) -
Exchange difference 57 (173 ) -
Reversals of the period, note 26 - (45 ) (99 )
Other minor - (806 ) -
-
Final balance 32,184 31,607 26,520 32,022 32,102 32,184

Trade receivables 22,823 22,644 21,741 22,016 22,013 22,823
Other receivables 9,361 8,963 4,779 10,006 10,089 9,361
32,184 31,607 26,520
32,022 32,102 32,184
The allowance for expected credit losses of other receivables is related to provisions of accounts receivables to third parties.

In the opinion of the Group’s Management, the balance of the ~~provision~~allowance for ~~doubtful accounts~~expected credit losses is sufficient to cover adequately the risks of failure to date of the consolidated statement of financial position.

~~F-43~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements ~~(continued)~~(continued)

8.(g) ~~Inventory,~~Corresponds mainly to claims to the Tax Administration mainly with Buenaventura, El Brocal and Rio Seco for US$36.3 million, US$2.5 million and US$3.4 million, respectively. In the opinion of the Group and its legal advisors, a favorable result should be obtained in the judicial process that has been initiated, see note 29(e).
(h) On September 5, 2019, Consorcio Energético de Huancavelica S.A. entered into a contract for the sale of energy transmission systems in the areas of Huancavelica, Trujillo, Cajamarca, Callalli – Ares and Lorema with Conelsur LT S.A.C. for US$21,023,000.
8. Inventories, net

(a) This caption is made up as follows:

2017 2016
US$(000) US$(000) 2019 2018
US$(000) US$(000)
Finished goods 6,151 12,763 2,084 7,715
Products in process 56,190 66,651
Products in process (b) 47,652 73,796
Spare parts and supplies 84,787 63,946 74,033 81,383
147,128 143,360 123,769 162,894
Provision for impairment of value of inventory (b) (11,603 ) (8,386 )

Provision for impairment of value of inventory (c) (25,402 ) (23,163 )
135,525 134,974 98,367 139,731

Classification by use:
Current portion 132,287 120,947 97,973 135,919
Non-current portion 3,238 14,027 394 3,812
98,367 139,731
135,525 134,974
(b) Products in process include mainly to mineral in process of El Brocal for 1,592,905 Dried Metric Ton (DMT) amounting to US$31.2 million (2,254,874 DMT amounting to US$39.9 million as of December 31, 2018).

~~Products in process include mineral deposits located in the Tajo Norte mining unit (El Brocal). The detail of this mineral as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 is presented below:~~
2017 2016
US$(000) DMT US$(000) DMT

Mineral in stock piles 7,173 463,746 16,793 1,085,696
Fresh mineral in plant 11,983 835,613 1,248 74,260
Tail mineral 279 30,110 203 24,629
19,435 1,329,469 18,244 1,184,585
Provision for impairment of value in mineral classified in process (1,467 ) - (123 ) -

17,968 1,329,469 18,121 1,184,585

Classification by use:
Current portion 14,730 5,586
Non-current portion 3,238 ` 12,535

17,968 18,121
As part of the preparation of the mining unit to extract and process ore at a volume of 18,000 DMT/ day, Management of El Brocal decided to accumulate mineral with metal content in the proximity of the Tajo Norte mine, which has been treated since the first quarter of 2015.
~~F-44~~
F-53

Notes to the consolidated financial statements ~~(continued)~~(continued)

~~(b)~~(c) The provision for impairment of value of inventory had the following movement during the years ~~2017, 2016~~2019, 2018 and ~~2015:~~2017:

2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Beginning balance 8,386 20,472 7,735

Transfer from mining units held for sale - 1,448 -
Changes in provision for impairment of finished goods, (continuing operations), note 21(a) 2,118 (7,581 ) 13,096
Changes in provision for impairment of finished goods (discontinued operations), note 1(e) (1,345 ) (706 ) (1,474 )
Changes in provision for impairment of spare parts and supplies 2,444 (110 ) 1,115
Reversal in provision for impairment of inventories - (5,137 ) -

Final balance 11,603 8,386 20,472
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Beginning balance 23,163 11,603 8,386

Continuing operations:
Provision for impairment of finished and in progress goods, note 21(a) 7,329 4,640 2,118
Reversal for impairment of finished and in progress goods, note 21(a) (9,472 ) (119 ) -
Provision for impairment of spare parts and supplies, note 26(a) 15,703 11,704 4,814
Reversal for impairment of spare parts and supplies, note 26(a) (11,641 ) (4,665 ) (2,370 )

Discontinued operations, note 1(e):
Provision for impairment of spare parts and supplies 843 - -
Reversal for impairment of spare parts and supplies (523 ) - (1,345 )

Final balance 25,402 23,163 11,603

In the opinion of Group’s Management, the provision for impairment of value of inventory adequately covers this risk as of the date of the consolidated statements of financial position.

9. Prepaid expenses

(a) This caption is made up as follows:

2017 2016 2019 2018
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Prepaid rentals (b) 28,349 29,235
Prepaid energy services(b) 26,582 27,464
Prepaid insurances 12,401 6,055 13,568 12,486
Deferred costs of works for taxes 2,013 1,801 4,138 2,407
Deferred royalties and rentals of mining concessions 387 2,377
Other prepaid expenses 1,956 2,355 2,373 1,366

45,106 41,823 46,661 43,723

Classification by maturity:
Current portion 17,551 11,392 20,969 17,145
Non-current portion 27,555 30,431 25,692 26,578
46,661 43,723
45,106 41,823

(b) This item corresponds mainly to paid in advance to EDEGEL for an original amount of US$31,007,190 corresponding to the ~~balance~~right to use the capacity of ~~an original prepayment~~the hydraulic system of ~~US$31 million for the lease of hydraulic installations~~EDEGEL by the subsidiary Empresa de ~~Generacion~~Generación Huanza S.A. This prepayment is being charged to results during the life of the underlying assets (35 years) since January 2015.

~~F-45~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements ~~(continued)~~(continued)

~~10.~~ ~~Investments in associates~~
10.       Investments in associates and joint ventures

(a) This caption is made up as follows:

Share in equity Share in equity
2017 2016 2017 2016 2019 2018 2019 2018
% % US$(000) US$(000) % % US$(000) US$(000)

Associates
Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A. 19.584 19.584 1,124,008 1,055,488 19.58 19.58 1,155,359 1,108,284
Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. 45.95 43.65 324,861 402,866 43.65 43.65 230,000 271,036
Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A. 40.095 40.095 86,183 74,734 40.10 40.10 98,426 89,554
1,483,785 1,468,874
Joint venture (c) 2,627 2,673
Other minor investments 1,835 3,519 1,835 1,835
1,536,887 1,536,607
1,488,247 1,473,382

(b) The table below presents the net share in profit (loss) of ~~associates:~~investments:

2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) 2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. (76,585 ) (455,598 ) (196,510 ) (41,580 ) (35,582 ) (76,585 )
Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A. 68,521 66,763 6,518 76,451 23,444 68,521
Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A. 21,271 23,514 16,617 12,883 10,994 21,271
Other minor (44 ) - -
13,207 (365,321 ) (173,375 ) 47,710 (1,144 ) 13,207

Investments held by the Group in its associates Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. (through its subsidiary Compañía Minera Condesa S.A.) and Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A., represent the most significant investments of the Group. Its operations are strategic to the Group's activities and participation in their results has been significant in relation to profits (losses) of the Group in the years ~~2017, 2016~~2019, 2018 and ~~2015.~~2017. The following relevant information on these investments is as follows:

Investment in Minera Yanacocha S.R.L.-
The ~~Company,~~Group, through its subsidiary Compañía Minera Condesa S.A., has an interest of ~~45.95~~43.65 percent of Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. (hereinafter “Yanacocha”). Yanacocha is engaged in gold production and exploration and development of gold and copper in their own concessions or owned by S.R.M.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca (subsidiary of the Group), with which signed a contract of use of mineral rights.
The Quecher Main project of Yanacocha, an oxide deposit, is currently in its Execution Phase. This project extends the life of the Yanacocha operation until 2027, with average annual gold production of 200,000 ounces per year expected between 2020 and 2025. The Yanacocha Sulfides project is currently in its Definitive Feasibility Stage. In March of 2019, the Environmental Impact Assessment study was approved.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

In addition, Yanacocha owns the Conga project which consists in two deposits of gold and porphyry of copper located at northeast of Yanacocha operating area in the provinces of Celendín, Cajamarca and Hualgayoc (Peru).

Because of local communities and political protests for potential water impacts of the project development activities and construction, the projects are suspended since November 2011. To date, Yanacocha’s management has been making only water support activities recommended by independent experts, mainly the construction of water reservoirs, before carrying out any development project.

~~F-46~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
In December 2017, Yanacocha acquired 63.92 million of shares (share of 5%) held by International Finance Corporation (IFC) in Yanacocha, for an amount of US$47.9 million. ~~After this transaction, Buenaventura's share~~In June 2018, Sumitomo Corporation (Sumitomo) paid US$48 million for the five percent stake in the ownership interest in Yanacocha ~~increased from 43.65 percent~~for the proportion held prior to ~~45.95 percent.~~the repurchase of the IFC’s ownership stake in December. As a result of that acquisition, the Company recognized a ~~higher~~lower value with respect to Yanacocha's equity participation.
On February 6, 2020, the Supreme Court resolution was published, whereby Yanacocha received notification of an unfavorable result in the Tax Dispute related to the amortization of contractual rights (see note 29(e)) for which Yanacocha recorded a liability in term of tax payable for US$8.1 million and recorded interests and penalties for US$21.0 million in its financial statements as of December 31, 2019.

The table below presents key financial data from the financial statements of Yanacocha under IFRS:

2017 2016
US$(000) US$(000)

Statements of financial position as of December 31:
Current assets 1,055,135 1,107,893
Non-current assets 964,260 937,992
Current liabilities 123,315 (135,136 )
Non-current liabilities (1,236,965 ) (1,025,025 )
Shareholders’ equity, reported 659,115 885,724

Groups’ interest (45.95% in 2017 and 43.65% in 2016) 302,863 386,618
Goodwill 21,998 16,248

324,861 402,866
2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Statements of profit or loss as of December 31,
Net sales 645,176 761,193 1,031,174
Other operating income 21,870 17,713 10,625
Costs of sales (746,918 ) (776,394 ) (758,033 )
Cost of other operating income (2,062 ) (2,951 ) (2,524 )
Operating expenses (63,514 ) (71,496 ) (82,846 )
Administrative expenses (4,760 ) (8,780 ) (20,028 )
Selling expenses (3,921 ) (3,695 ) (3,534 )
Impairment loss of long-lived assets - (889,499 ) -
Finance income (costs) (17,935 ) (12,975 ) (22,061 )
Gain (loss) from currency exchange difference 3,636 (13,741 ) (251 )
Income (loss) before income tax (168,428 ) (1,000,625 ) 152,522
Income tax (7,026 ) (43,127 ) (602,717 )
Net loss reported (175,454 ) (1,043,752 ) (450,195 )
Group’s interest (43.65%) (76,585 ) (455,598 ) (196,510 )
2019 2018
US$(000) US$(000)
Statements of financial position as of December 31:
Current assets 1,060,455 960,758
Non-current assets 1,251,617 1,086,714
Current liabilities (190,577 ) (128,170 )
Non-current liabilities (1,631,783 ) (1,335,579 )

Equity 489,712 583,723

Groups’ interest 213,759 254,795
Goodwill 16,241 16,241

230,000 271,036

~~F-47~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements ~~(continued)~~(continued)
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Statements of profit or loss for the years ended December 31:
Revenue 739,302 657,358 667,046

Loss for the year (95,257 ) (81,517 ) (175,454 )

Share in results (41,580 ) (35,582 ) (76,585 )
~~Evaluation of impairment in investments –~~
During ~~2017,~~the Yanacocha’s Management identified as an impairment indicator the significant increase of the asset retirement and mine closure, as a result Yanacocha determined the recoverable amount for its CGU Yanacocha. Regarding to CGU Conga, Yanacocha did not identify any important indicator. As a result of this analysis Yanacocha concluded that no additional impairment loss on CGU Yanacocha was required to be recorded as the recoverable amount exceeded the carrying amount of the CGU’s assets.
During 2018, the Yanacocha´s Management evaluated and concluded that there are no indicators of impairment of its long-lived ~~assets; in~~assets.
In addition, the Group’s management determined that there was no objective evidence that its investment in Yanacocha ~~might be~~is impaired as of December 31, ~~2017.~~2019 and 2018.

In 2016, Yanacocha evaluated the recoverability of its long-lived assets and determined an impairment charge, net of taxes, of US$889.5 million, which reduced Yanacocha's net worth and, therefore, the equity interest of the Company in this associate during the year 2016.
As a result, the Company’s Management determined that there was objective evidence that its investment in Yanacocha might be impaired as of December 31, 2016. During 2016, compared to prior years, Yanacocha experienced a decrease in the volume of gold produced, an increase in production costs, and a decrease in operating cash flows, all of which resulted from a depletion of Yanacocha’s gold reserves. As a result of these indicators, the Company performed an impairment test in December 2016.
The recoverable amount of the Company’s investment in Yanacocha was determined to be US$528.9 million as of December 31, 2016, which was based on a value in use calculation using cash flow projections from Yanacocha’s financial budgets from 2017 to 2026. As a result of this analysis, the Company concluded that no additional impairment loss on its investment in Yanacocha was required to be recorded as the recoverable amount exceeded the recorded value of the investment.
~~Key assumptions~~
~~The process of determining the recoverable amount was most sensitive to the following assumptions:~~
- Production volumes: Estimated production volumes are based on detailed life-of-mine plans and take into account development plans for the mines agreed by management as part of planning process. Production volumes are dependent on a number of variables, such as: the recoverable quantities; the production profile; the cost of the development of the infrastructure necessary to extract the reserves; the production costs; the contractual duration of mining rights; and the selling price of the commodities extracted.
- Commodity prices: Forecasted commodity prices are based on management’s estimates and are derived from forward price curves and long-term views of global supply and demand, building on past experience of the industry and consistent with external sources. As of December 31, 2016, estimated gold prices for the current and long-term periods were as follows: US$1,221/ounce for 2017 and US$1,300/ounce for 2018 and thereafter.
- Discount rate: In calculating the value in use, the Company applied a pre-tax discount rate of 7.1% to the pre-tax cash flows as of December 31, 2016. This discount rate was derived from the Yanacocha’s post-tax weighted average cost of capital (WACC), with appropriate adjustments made to reflect the risks specific to the investment.
~~F-48~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
In December 2015, Yanacocha recorded charges for the recovery of its asset for deferred income tax for US$510,000,000 because it considers that it is not probable that there will be a future taxable profit against which deductible temporary differences can be offset.
During 2016, Yanacocha unanimously agreed to distribute dividends to the partners by US$300,000,000, in proportion to their social participation, corresponding to part of the freely available profits accumulated as of December 31, 2014, which were generated in the year 2011.
Investment in Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A. (Cerro Verde) -
Cerro Verde is engaged in the extraction, production and marketing of cathodes and copper concentrate from its mining unit that is located in Uchumayo, Arequipa, Peru.

The table below presents the key financial data from the financial statements of Cerro Verde under IFRS:

2017 2016
US$(000) US$(000) 2019 2018
US$(000) US$(000)
Statements of financial position as of December 31:
Current assets 1,563,874 1,218,508 1,614,928 1,455,080
Non-current assets 6,127,133 6,417,115 6,194,496 6,099,632
Current liabilities (510,790 ) (293,631 ) (420,786 ) (408,754 )
Non-current liabilities (1,991,055 ) (2,502,711 ) (2,039,389 ) (2,037,086 )

Shareholders’ equity, reported 5,189,162 4,839,281
Equity 5,349,249 5,108,872

Group’s interest (19.584%) 1,016,245 947,725
Group’s interest 1,047,596 1,000,521
Goodwill 107,763 107,763 107,763 107,763

1,124,008 1,055,488 1,155,359 1,108,284

~~F-49~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements ~~(continued)~~(continued)

2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Statements of profit or loss for the years ended December 31:
Revenue 3,202,931 2,384,154 1,115,617
Cost of sales (1,768,238 ) (1,553,040 ) (862,004 )
Sales expenses (141,669 ) (131,391 ) (56,215 )
Other operating expenses, net (258,826 ) (24,107 ) (26,600 )
Finance costs (216,912 ) (80,438 ) (16,010 )
Finance income 5,350 954 512
Net gain (loss) of exchange difference 13,288 7,857 (75,770 )
Profit before income taxes 835,924 603,989 79,530
Income tax (486,043 ) (263,082 ) (46,246 )
Net profit, reported 349,881 340,907 33,284

Group’s interest (19.584%) 68,521 66,763 6,518
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Statements of comprehensive income December 31:

Sales 2,890,066 3,054,026 3,202,931

Net profit for the year 390,377 119,710 349,881

Share in results 76,451 23,444 68,521

Market capitalization:
As of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, total market capitalization of shares maintained by the Group in Cerro Verde was US$~~2,036.0~~1,323 million and US$~~1,311.3~~1,426 million, respectively (market capitalization value by each share of US$~~29.70~~19.30 and US$~~19.11,~~20.80, respectively).

~~F-50~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
Investment in Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A. (Coimolache) -
Coimolache is involved in the production and the sales of gold and silver from its open-pit mining unit located in Cajamarca, Peru.

The table below presents the key financial data from the financial statements of Coimolache under IFRS:

2017 2016
US$(000) US$(000) 2019 2018
US$(000) US$(000)
Statements of financial position as of December 31:
Current assets 101,668 73,480 145,692 99,887
Non-current assets 278,866 261,075 234,223 261,782
Current liabilities (44,411 ) (28,532 ) (34,028 ) (39,204 )
Non-current liabilities (106,332 ) (102,519 ) (91,069 ) (86,103 )

Shareholders’ equity, reported 229,791 203,504
Equity 254,818 236,362

Adjustments to conform to the accounting policies of the Group (14,843 ) (17,111 ) (9,330 ) (13,003 )

Shareholders’ equity, adjusted 214,948 186,393
Equity, adjusted 245,488 223,359

Group’s interest (40.095%) 86,183 74,734
Group’s interest 98,426 89,554

2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Statements of profit or loss for the years ended December 31:
Revenue 203,790 198,873 177,347
Cost of sales (121,021 ) (107,913 ) (104,549 )
Administrative expenses (3,829 ) (4,144 ) (2,185 )
Sales expenses (946 ) (1,128 ) (1,111 )
Other operating income (expenses), net (587 ) 755 765
Finance income 220 38 23
Finance costs (3,304 ) (1,614 ) (723 )
Exchange difference (174 ) (117 ) (1,300 )
Profit before income taxes 74,149 84,750 68,267
Income tax (23,362 ) (27,894 ) (29,861 )
Net profit, reported 50,787 56,856 38,406

Adjustments to conform to the accounting policies of the Group 2,265 1,790 3,039

Net profit, adjusted 53,052 58,646 41,445

Group’s interest (40.095%) 21,271 23,514 16,617
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Statements of profit or loss for the years ended December 31:
Net sales 241,173 225,447 203,790

Net income from continued operations 28,459 25,584 50,787

Adjustments to conform to the accounting policies 3,674 1,837 2,265

Net income, adjusted 32,133 27,421 53,052

Share in results 12,883 10,994 21,271

~~F-51~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements ~~(continued)~~
(continued)

~~11.~~(c) The Group, through its subsidiary El Brocal, has an interest of 8 percent in Transportadora Callao S.A., a joint venture whose objective was the construction of a fixed conveyor belt of minerals and deposits in the Port of Callao. On May 2014, Transportadora Callao started operations and currently its main activity is the operation of that terminal.
The table below presents the key financial data from the joint venture under IFRS:
2019 2018
US$(000) US$(000)
Current assets 11,090 17,653
Non-current assets 100,106 107,175
Liabilities 88,608 101,575
Shareholders’ equity, reported 22,588 23,253

Net loss from continued operations (665 ) (1,814 )

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
11. Mining concessions, development costs, right-of-use asset, property, plant and equipment, net
(a) Below is presented the ~~movement in cost:~~movement:

Balance as of
January 1,
2016 Additions Disposals Sales Reclassifications
of assets held for
sale Reclassifications
and transfers Balance as of
December 31,
2016 Additions Disposals Sales Reclassifications
and transfers Balance as of
December 31,
2017
Balance as of
January 1,
2018
Additions Disposals Sales Reclassifications and transfers
Balance as of
December 31, 2018
Additions Disposals Sales Reclassifications and transfers Implementation IFRS 16
Balance as of
December 31, 2019

US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Cost
Cost:
Lands 22,454 162 - (6 ) 78 270 22,958 - - - (268 ) 22,690 22,690 783 (462 ) - (1,250 ) 21,761 630 - (135 ) (4,739 ) - 17,517
Mining concessions 198,009 - - - - - 198,009 2 - (15,000 ) (31,138 ) 151,873
Mining concessions (f) 151,873 - - - - 151,873 - - - - - 151,873
Development costs 541,763 82,865 - - 31,192 (3,428 ) 652,392 69,335 - (10,107 ) 431 712,051 712,051 32,059 (2,656 ) - 1,805 743,259 46,047 (443 ) - (819 ) - 788,044
Buildings, constructions and other 1,018,956 581 - (20 ) 10,458 79,192 1,109,167 835 (387 ) (28,751 ) 198,387 1,279,251 1,279,251 - (2,837 ) - 66,207 1,342,621 39 (3,559 ) (5,380 ) 26,120 - 1,359,841
Machinery and equipment 827,225 46,152 (6,569 ) (2,844 ) 9,425 112,643 986,032 2,579 (3,749 ) (50,097 ) (5,742 ) 929,023 929,023 - (182 ) (9,205 ) 38,830 958,466 12 (30,235 ) (38,322 ) 22,783 - 912,704
Transportation units 10,649 174 (341 ) (396 ) 357 (27 ) 10,416 11 (190 ) (1,079 ) 788 9,946 9,946 42 (138 ) (510 ) 1,545 10,885 33 (540 ) (1,856 ) 370 - 8,892
Furniture and fixtures 13,429 89 (61 ) (88 ) 359 319 14,047 31 (157 ) (487 ) 468 13,902 13,902 - - (193 ) (403 ) 13,306 2 (1,310 ) (1 ) 13 - 12,010
Units in transit 26,291 15,797 - - - (12,037 ) 30,051 2,822 - - (28,124 ) 4,749 4,749 11 - - (2,078 ) 2,682 - (1 ) - 1,073 - 3,754
Work in progress 68,123 210,915 (352 ) - 1,037 (173,935 ) 105,788 173,333 - (190 ) (177,809 ) 101,122 101,122 67,096 (3,450 ) - (108,106 ) 56,662 44,319 (1,168 ) (78 ) (49,370 ) - 50,365
Stripping activity asset (e) 106,838 17,631 - - - (2 ) 124,467 18,282 (13,573 ) - 1,271 130,447
Stripping activity asset 130,447 11,279 - - - 141,726 11,545 - - 819 - 154,090
Right-of-use asset (e) - - - - - - 3,721 (10,897 ) - - 18,528 11,352
Mine closure costs 187,603 34,532 - - 25,754 - 247,889 10,594 - (17,195 ) - 241,288 241,288 61,239 - - (18,365 ) 284,162 26,722 - - - - 310,884
3,021,340 408,898 (7,323 ) (3,354 ) 78,660 2,995 3,501,216 277,824 (18,056 ) (122,906 ) (41,736 ) 3,596,342 3,596,342 172,509 (9,725 ) (9,908 ) (21,815 ) 3,727,403 133,070 (48,153 ) (45,772 ) (3,750 ) 18,528 3,781,326
Accumulated depreciation and amortization:
Mining concessions 77,450 16 - - - - 77,466 8 - (13,845 ) (23,390 ) 40,239
Lands 1,249 - - - (1,249 ) - - - - - - -
Mining concessions (f) 40,239 10 - - - 40,249 10 - - - - 40,259
Development costs 199,211 18,225 - - 25,596 (1,396 ) 241,636 30,886 - (7,910 ) (241 ) 264,371 263,122 35,433 - - (2 ) 298,553 29,964 - - - - 328,517
Buildings, construction and other 381,441 65,050 - (9 ) 8,598 598 455,678 73,314 (115 ) (28,208 ) 6,168 506,837 506,837 84,244 - - 562 591,643 83,274 (3,391 ) (3,569 ) (638 ) - 667,319
Machinery and equipment 475,941 81,753 (5,378 ) (827 ) 6,640 (68 ) 558,061 74,744 (2,662 ) (41,595 ) (6,099 ) 582,449 582,449 93,722 (177 ) (8,659 ) (1,978 ) 665,357 66,020 (28,619 ) (35,459 ) 638 - 667,937
Transportation units 7,932 1,103 (250 ) (365 ) 358 14 8,792 837 (114 ) (1,057 ) (68 ) 8,390 8,390 745 (85 ) (436 ) (15 ) 8,599 744 (538 ) (1,779 ) - - 7,026
Furniture and fixtures 7,577 1,156 (60 ) (22 ) 319 202 9,172 1,109 (152 ) (236 ) (13 ) 9,880 9,880 644 - (187 ) (214 ) 10,123 653 (1,172 ) - - - 9,604
Stripping activity asset 12,916 5,813 - - - - 18,729 16,343 - - 6,623 41,695 41,695 28,820 - - 3 70,518 18,405 - - - - 88,923
Right-of-use asset (e) - - - - - - 7,778 (2,611 ) - - - 5,167
Mine closure costs 99,993 22,417 - - 19,335 (470 ) 141,275 25,254 - (8,408 ) - 158,121 158,121 10,350 - - - 168,471 15,373 - - - - 183,844
1,262,461 195,533 (5,688 ) (1,223 ) 60,846 (1,120 ) 1,510,809 222,495 (3,043 ) (101,259 ) (17,020 ) 1,611,982 1,611,982 253,968 (262 ) (9,282 ) (2,893 ) 1,853,513 222,221 (36,331 ) (40,807 ) - - 1,998,596
Provision for impairment of long-lived assets:
Mine closure costs 4,080 - - - 6,910 - 10,990 17,916 - (8,785 ) - 20,121 20,121 - (5,693 ) - (1,221 ) 13,207 2,083 - - - - 15,290
Development costs 3,803 - - - 5,684 - 9,487 2,864 - (2,198 ) - 10,153 10,153 - - - - 10,153 - - - - - 10,153
Mining concessions, development costs, property, plant and other 3,372 - - - 6,533 - 9,905 840 - (6,214 ) - 4,531
Property, plant and other 4,531 - (2,837 ) - 1,221 2,915 - - - - - 2,915
11,255 - - - 19,127 - 30,382 21,620 - (17,197 ) - 34,805 34,805 - (8,530 ) - - 26,275 2,083 - - - - 28,358

Net cost 1,747,624 1,960,025 1,949,555 1,949,555 1,847,615 1,754,372

~~F-52~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

(b) Impairment of long-lived assets
In accordance with its accounting policies and processes, each asset or CGU is evaluated annually at ~~year end,~~year-end, to determine whether there are any indications of impairment. If any such indications of impairment exist, a formal estimate of the recoverable amount is performed.

In assessing whether impairment is required, the carrying value of the asset or CGU is compared with its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of the CGU’s fair value less costs of disposal (FVLCD) and value in use (VIU). Given the nature of the Group’s activities, information on the fair value of an asset is usually difficult to obtain unless negotiations with potential purchasers or similar transactions are taking place. Consequently, the recoverable amount for each CGU is estimated based on discounted future estimated cash flows expected to be generated from the continued use of the CGUs using market based commodity price and exchange assumptions, estimated quantities of recoverable minerals, production levels, operating costs and capital requirements, and its eventual disposal, based on the latest life of mine (LOM) plans. These cash flows were discounted using a real ~~pre-tax~~post-tax discount rate that reflected current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the CGU.

The estimates of quantities of recoverable minerals, production levels, operating costs and capital requirements are obtained from the planning process, including the LOM plans, one-year budgets and CGU-specific studies.

During ~~2017,~~2019, Buenaventura recorded a provision for US$2.1 million as a result of the ~~subsidiary~~analysis of the recoverable amount of its Julcani mining unit. The main factors considered in the impairment analysis were reserves and mining useful lives. As a result of the analysis of the recoverable amount as of December 31, 2019, La Zanja has not recognized a provision or recovery for impairment of long-lived assets.
During 2018, as a result of derecognition of assets in Shila mining unit, Buenaventura recorded a reversal in the provision for impairment for US$2.8 million previously recorded in 2016. In addition, La Zanja recorded ana reversal for the impairment ~~loss related to its mining property~~provision for US$~~21,620,000.~~5.7 million (during 2017, La Zanja recorded a provision for US$21.6 million) as a result of the analysis of the recoverable amount. The ~~principal factor~~main factors considered in the impairment ~~loss was~~analysis were reserves and mining useful lives. The recoverable amounts of La Zanja are based in Managements estimations of the ~~depletion of its reserves.~~value in use.

AsDuring 2017, as a result of the sale of the mining units of Breapampa and Recuperada, as well as the sale of the assets of the Shila Paula mining unit, the Group recorded ~~in 2017~~ a reversal of impairment losses by US$7.4 million, US$7.1 million and US$2.7 million, respectively, see note 1(e).

During 2016, the Group recorded an impairment loss with respect to its Shila-Paula mining unit for US$2,043,000. As a result of the recoverable amount analysis performed as of December 31, 2015, the Group recognized impairment losses for its mining units La Zanja by US$3,803,000 and Breapampa by US$7,452,000.
Key assumptions
The determination of value in use is most sensitive to the following key assumptions:

-– Production volumes
-– Commodity prices
-– Discount rate
– Costs

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

Production volumes: Estimated production volumes are based on detailed life-of-mine plans and take into account development plans for the mines agreed by management as part of planning process. Production volumes are dependent on a number of variables, such as: the recoverable quantities; the production profile; the cost of the development of the infrastructure necessary to extract the reserves; the production costs; the contractual duration of mining rights; and the selling price of the commodities extracted.
~~F-53~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~

As each producing mining unit has specific reserve characteristics and economic circumstances, the cash flows of the mines are computed using appropriate individual economic models and key assumptions established by management. The production profiles used were consistent with the reserves and resource volumes approved as part of the Group’s process for the estimation of proved and probable reserves and resource estimates.

Commodity prices: Forecast commodity prices are based on management’s estimates and are derived from forward price curves and long-term views of global supply and demand, building on ~~past~~ experience of the industry and consistent with external sources. These prices were adjusted to arrive at appropriate consistent price assumptions for the different qualities and type of commodities, or, where appropriate, contracted prices were applied. These prices are reviewed at least annually.

Estimates prices for the current and long-term periods that have been used to estimate future cash flows are as follows:

2018 2019 - 2022
US$ US$

Gold 1,300.00 /Oz 1,300.00 /Oz
Silver 17.00 /Oz 18.00 /Oz
Copper 6,000.00 /MT 6,000.00 /MT
Lead 2,250.00 /MT 2,250.00 /MT
Zinc 2,750.00 /MT 2,600.00 /MT
2020 2021-2025
US$ US$
Gold 1,500/Oz 1,500/Oz
Silver 17.00/Oz 18.40/Oz
Copper 6,000/MT 6,600/MT
Lead 1,950/MT 2,100/MT
Zinc 2,250/MT 2,300/MT

Discount rate: In calculating the value in use, ~~pre-tax~~a discount ~~rates~~rate after tax of 4.88~~8.33%~~%,7.02% and5.15% (equivalent topre-taxrate of 6.92%, ~~9.30%~~9.95% and ~~5.89%~~7.31%)were applied to the ~~pre-tax~~post-tax cash flows of Buenaventura, El Brocal and La Zanja, respectively.These discount rates are derived from the Group’s post-tax weighted average cost of capital (WACC), with appropriate adjustments made to reflect the risks specific to the CGU. The WACC takes into account both debt and equity. The cost of equity is derived from the expected return on investment by the Group’s investors. The cost of debt is based on its interest bearing borrowings the Group is obliged to service. The ~~beta~~Beta factors are evaluated annually based on publicly available market data.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

(c) The book value of assets held under finance leases, and assets under trustworthy equity, amounted to US$~~522.0~~313.3 million as of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 (US$~~524.6~~337.3 million as of December 31, ~~2016)~~2018) and is presented in various items of property, plant and equipment. During ~~the year 2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018, no acquisitions of assets under lease agreements were made. Leased assets are pledged as security for the related finance lease liabilities.

(d) ~~The amount of capitalized~~During 2019 and 2018, no finance costs during the year 2017 was US$6.3 million (US$7.5 million during the year 2016) and is presented under investing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. The average rate used to determine the financial cost to be capitalized was 4.19 percent (3.52 percent during the year 2016).were capitalized.

(e) Right-of-use assets
The net assets for right in use maintained by the Group correspond:
~~F-54~~ 2019
US$(000)
Right in use assets
Buildings 4,602
Transportation units 1,112
Machinery and equipment 471
6,185

~~Notes~~During 2019, the additions to the ~~consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~right-of-use assets were US$3.7 million and the disposals were US$10.9 million.

~~(e)~~(f) Mining concessions includes the goodwill of El Brocal amounted to US$34.0 million.
(g) In mid-2016, a landslide occurred in the west wall of the Tajo Norte; consequently, it was decided not to mine this area due to stability and operational design issues. According to the distribution of reserves, this area (Phase 10) contained 5.5 MT of ore and 9.2 MT of waste valued at US$13,573,000, which were withdrawn from the ~~reserves.~~reserves in the year 2017.

~~12.~~ ~~Investment properties, net~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
12.          Other assets, net

(a) ~~As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the investment properties included administrative offices. The movement of cost and accumulated depreciation for the years 2017 and 2016~~Below is presented ~~below:~~the movement:

Balance as of
January 1,
2016 Addition
(reversal) Balance as of
December 31,
2016 Additions Sales Balance as of
December 31,
2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Cost 12,103 (92 ) 12,011 157 (11,826 ) 342
Accumulated depreciation (1,384 ) (538 ) (1,922 ) (462 ) 2,264 (120 )

Net cost 10,719 10,089 222
Balance as of
January 1,
2018 Additions Transfers Balance as of
December 31,
2018 Additions Disposals Balance as of
December 31,
2019
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Cost:
Patents and industrial property (b) 13,680 2,642 (4,599 ) 11,723 2,139 - 13,862
Rights-of-use of lands right of way 7,853 4,439 - 12,292 1,319 - 13,611
Software licenses
8,816 1,448 (96 ) 10,168 242 (92 ) 10,318

30,349 8,529 (4,695 ) 34,183 3,700 (92 ) 37,791
Accumulated amortization:
Rights-of-use 5,210 738 - 5,948 1,486 - 7,434
Software licenses 2,378 596 - 2,974 820 (112 ) 3,682

7,588 1,334 - 8,922 2,306 (112 ) 11,116

Cost net 22,761 25,261 26,675

(b) The ~~Group does not have restrictions in~~copper plant project is a technological initiative of the ~~realization~~Company to develop a viable technical and economic solution for the treatment of ~~its investment properties.~~complex copper concentrates. This project comprises several stages of development from a laboratory level, pilot to a demonstration stage.

~~(c)~~13. ~~During 2017 the fair value of the investment property amounted to US$191,086 (US$23,624,295 during 2016).~~
~~(d)~~ As mentioned in note 16(e), the subsidiary Buenaventura Ingenieros S.A. (hereinafter "BISA") sold to a third party its investment properties located in the El Derby Capital Building, district of Surco, for US$11,250,000, with a net cost of US$9.6 million.
~~(e)~~ ~~During 2017, rental income, from these investment properties amounted to US$234,677 (US$1,821,320 and US$1,710,766 during 2016 and 2015, respectively).~~
~~13.~~ Bank loans

The movement ~~of bank loans for the years 2017, 2016 and 2015~~ is presented below:

2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) 2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Beginning balance 55,000 285,302 40,000 95,000 96,215 55,000

New loans 341,215 200,500 344,503 55,000 95,000 341,215
Disbursements (300,000 ) (442,957 ) (90,000 ) (95,000 ) (95,000 ) (300,000 )
Exchange difference - 12,155 (9,201 )
Sale of subsidiary - (1,215 ) -

Final balance 96,215 55,000 285,302 55,000 95,000 96,215

As of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, bank loans were obtained for working capital purposes, have current maturity and accrue interest at market annual rates ranging from ~~1.15%~~2% to ~~6.85%~~2.95% as of December 31, ~~2017 (1.92%~~2019 (2.00% to ~~4.14%~~3.13% as of December 31, ~~2016)~~2018).

~~F-55~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

14. Trade and other payables

(a) This caption is made up as follows:

2017 2016
US$(000) US$(000) 2019 2018
US$(000) US$(000)
Trade payables (b)
Domestic suppliers 194,742 232,745 131,278 154,998
Related entities, note 29(b) 15 1,372

194,757 234,117
Related entities, note 30(b) 29 36
131,307 155,034
Other payables
Taxes payable 12,043 9,102
Remuneration and similar benefits payable 11,585 9,796 11,522 10,531
Taxes payable 9,405 16,708
Interest payable 7,152 4,253 5,318 7,464
Royalties payable to the Peruvian State 4,571 3,670 2,132 2,171
Dividends payable (c) 730 1,018 604 663
Related entities, note 29(b) 62 3
Accounts payable to non-controlling interests - 15,661
Related entities, note 30(b) 51 20
Other liabilities 5,756 4,196 3,883 3,738
39,261 55,305 35,553 33,689

234,018 289,422
Total trade and other payables 166,860 188,723

Classification by maturity:
Current portion 233,355 273,440 166,244 188,084
Non-current portion 663 15,982 616 639

Total trade and other payables 234,018 289,422 166,860 188,723

Classification by nature:
Financial payables 220,042 269,044 152,686 177,450
Non-financial payables 13,976 20,378 14,174 11,273

Total trade and other payables 234,018 289,422 166,860 188,723

(b) Trade payables arise mainly from the acquisition of material, supplies and spare parts and services provided by third parties. These obligations have current maturities, accrue no interest and are not ~~secured.~~secure.

~~F-56~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

(c) The movement of dividends payable ~~for the years 2017, 2016 and 2015~~ is presented below:

2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) 2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Beginning balance 1,018 1,044 1,117 663 730 1,018
Declared dividends to controlling shareholders, note 17(d) 22,099 7,621 - 22,098 22,860 22,099
Dividends paid to controlling shareholders (22,099 ) (7,621 ) - (22,098 ) (22,860 ) (22,099 )
Declared dividends to non-controlling shareholders 6,036 7,400 10,488 6,500 5,560 6,036
Dividends paid to non-controlling shareholders (6,036 ) (7,400 ) (10,488 ) (6,500 ) (5,560 ) (6,036 )
Expired dividends (327 ) (30 ) (4 ) (53 ) (44 ) (327 )
Other minor 39 4 (69 ) (6 ) (23 ) 39

Final balance 730 1,018 1,044 604 663 730

15. Provisions, contingent liabilities and other liabilities

(a) This caption is made up as follows:

2017 2016 As of January 1, 2019 Changes (additions and deductions) Accretion expense Disbursements As of December 31, 2019
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Provision for closure of mining units and exploration projects (b) 200,183 206,462
Provision for obligations with communities (c) 19,376 4,710
Provision for environmental liabilities 5,534 7,324
Provision for safety contingencies 3,898 2,807
Provision for labor contingencies 2,963 3,395
Closure of mining units and exploration projects (b) 225,877 32,654 10,656 (16,882 ) 252,305
Bonus to employees and officers 18,620 15,855 - (15,249 ) 19,226
Environmental liabilities 3,768 3,944 - (1,407 ) 6,305
Safety contingencies 4,877 1,270 - (942 ) 5,205
Labor contingencies 4,042 (258 ) - (7 ) 3,777
Obligations with communities 5,878 1,306 - (3,675 ) 3,509
Board of Directors’ participation 2,108 1,736 - (2,250 ) 1,594
Environmental contingencies 234 1,343 - (77 ) 1,500
Workers’ profit sharing payable 3,569 8,398 1,772 (7 ) - (1,696 ) 69
Board of Directors’ participation 1,273 1,140
Provision for environmental contingencies 1,233 753
Other provisions 3,695 1,703 758 259 - - 1,017

241,724 236,692 267,934 58,102 10,656 (42,185 ) 294,507

Classification by maturity:
Current portion 76,847 62,502 68,172 72,771
Non-current portion 164,877 174,190 199,762 221,736
267,934 294,507
241,724 236,692

~~F-57~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

(b) Provision for closure of mining units and exploration projects -
The table below presents the movement of the provision for closure of mining units and exploration projects:

2017 2016
US$(000) US$(000) 2019 2018
US$(000) US$(000)
Beginning balance 206,462 166,403 225,877 200,183
Transfer of units held for sale - 15,851
Sale of mining units, note 1(e) (11,770 ) -

Changes and additions in estimates:
Changes (additions and deductions) in estimates
Continuing mining units, note 11(a) 26,722 42,874
Discontinued mining units, note 1(e) 12,701 3,365 1,912 6,013
Continuing mining units, note 11(a) 10,594 34,532
Exploration projects 891 -
Exploration projects, note 26(a) 4,020 (2,433 )

Accretion expense:
Discontinued operations, note 1(e) 215 970
Continuing mining units, note 26(a) 4,382 4,116
Accretion expense
Continuing mining units, note 27(a) 10,266 4,911
Discontinued mining units, note 1(e) 266 88
Exploration projects, note 26(a) 124 71

Disbursements (23,292 ) (18,775 ) (16,882 ) (25,830 )

Final balance 200,183 206,462 252,305 225,877

Classification by maturity:
Current portion 39,826 37,405 35,280 30,524
Non-current portion 160,357 169,057 217,025 195,353

200,183 206,462 252,305 225,877

The provision for closure of mining units and exploration projects represents the present value of the closure costs that are expected to be incurred between the years ~~2018~~2020 and 2041. ~~These estimates are~~The Group recognizes the provision of closure of mining units and explorations projects based on estimates of studies ~~prepared by independent advisers~~and activities that meet the environmental regulations in ~~effect.~~effect and that will be approved by the Ministry of Energy and Mines. The provision of continued operations are prepared by independent advisors and provisions related to discontinue operations are prepared by internal advisors.

The provision for closure of mining units and exploration projects corresponds mostly to activities that must be carried out for restoring the mining units and areas affected by operation and production activities. The principal works to be performed correspond to earthworks, re-vegetation efforts and dismantling of the plants. Closure budgets are reviewed regularly to take into account any significant change in the studies conducted. Nevertheless, the closure costs of mining units will depend on the market prices for the closure works required, which would reflect future economic conditions. Also, the time when the disbursements will be made depends on the useful life of the mine, which will be based on future metals prices.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, the future value of the provision for closure of mining units and exploration projects was US$~~230.9~~296.2 million, which has been discounted using annual risk-free rates from minimums of ~~0.27 and 0.60~~1.79 to ~~a maximum of 3.55~~3.12 percent, in periods of 1 to 2422 years ~~resulting in an updated liability of US$200.2 million (US$206.5 million as~~(as of December 31, ~~2016)~~2018, the provision was US$280.3 million, which has been discounted using annual risk-free rates from minimums of 1.98 and 4.74 to a maximum percent in periods of 1 to 23 years). The Group believes that this liability is sufficient to meet the current environmental protection laws approved by the Ministry of Energy and Mines.

~~F-58~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, the Group has constituted letters of credit in favor of the Ministry of Energy and Mines for US$~~109.6~~121.4 million (US$~~117.7~~119.7 million as of December 31, ~~2016)~~2018) to secure current mine closure plans of its mining units and exploration projects up to date.

~~(c)~~ ~~The provisions for obligations with the communities increased by US$14.6 million, mainly due to the negotiations made by the Company in its operating units.~~
16. Financial obligations

(a) This caption is made up as follow:

2017 2016 2019 2018
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. (b)
BBVA Banco Continental S.A. 61,667 61,667
Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A.(b)
BBVA Banco Continental 61,667 61,667
Banco de Crédito del Perú 61,667 61,667 61,667 61,667
CorpBanca New York Branch 61,666 61,666 61,666 61,666
Banco Internacional del Perú 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000
ICBC Perú Bank 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000
Banco Latinoamericano de Comercio Exterior S.A. 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000
Banco de Sabadell, Miami Branch 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000
275,000 275,000 275,000 275,000
Debt issuance costs (2,425 ) (3,119 ) (2,504 ) (3,618 )
272,575 271,881 272,496 271,382
Sociedad Minera El Brocal S.A.A.
Banco de Crédito del Perú – Finance leaseback (c) 119,464 136,812
Banco de Crédito del Perú – New financial obligation (c) 161,894 -
Debt issuance costs (1,377 ) - (709 ) -
118,087 136,812 161,185 -
Mid-term financial obligation (c) 80,000 173
Banco de Crédito del Perú – Finance leaseback - 94,490
Debt issuance costs (c) - (976 )
- 93,514
Banco de Crédito del Perú - Mid-term financial obligation (c) - 75,000
198,087 136,985 161,185 168,514
Empresa de Generación Huanza S.A.
Banco de Crédito del Perú – Finance lease (d) 162,411 176,062 130,504 147,166

Contacto Corredores de Seguros S.A.
BBVA Banco Continental S.A. – Finance lease 10 53

Buenaventura Ingenieros S.A.
Banco de Crédito del Perú – Finance lease (e) - 7,361

Obligations for leases, note 2.3 and (g) 7,503 -
Total financial obligations 633,083 592,342 571,688 587,062

Classification by maturity:
Current portion 83,991 40,110 265,692 46,166
Non-current portion (f) 549,092 552,232
Non-current portion (e) 305,996 540,896

Total financial obligations 633,083 592,342 571,688 587,062

~~F-59~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

(b) On June 27, 2016, Buenaventura entered into a long-term finance contract with seven Peruvian and foreign banks, with the following terms and conditions:

- Principal: US$275,000,000.
- Annual interest rate: Three-month ~~Libor~~LIBOR plus 3%.
- Term: 5 years since June 30, 2016, with final maturity in June 30, 2021.
- Grace Period: Two years.
- Amortization: 6six semiannual installments of US$39,285,714 ~~since~~starting July 2018 and a final payment of US$39,285,716 in June 2021.
- Guarantee: None. The subsidiaries Compañía Minera Condesa S.A., Inversiones Colquijirca S.A. and Consorcio Energético de Huancavelica S.A. are the guarantors.

As part of the commitments, the Group must meet certain consolidated financial ratios. The main ratios are the following:
(i) Debt service coverage ratio: Higher than 4.
(ii) Leverage ratio: Less than 43 times since June 30, ~~2016 until June 30, 2017 and less than 3 times since that date.~~2017.
(iii) Net consolidated equity value: Higher than US$2,711,388,800.

For the calculation of (i) and (ii), the financial obligations and ~~EBITDA~~Earnings Before - Interest Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA) of ~~Empresa de Generación~~ Huanza ~~S.A.~~ are excluded.

Additionally, there is a requirement related to the distribution of dividends (until December 31, 2018: up to 20% of the available net income for the previous period; since January 1, 2019: up to the total of net income for the previous period), according to the execution of the dividend policy of the ~~Company.~~Buenaventura.

On March 28, 2018, Buenaventura restructured its financial obligation by modifying some of the clauses as follows:
- Annual interest rate: LIBOR of three months plus 2.15%.
- Term: 4 years from April 2018, due in April 2022.
- Amortization of credit: five semi-annual installments of US$55 million each since as of April 2020.
The Buenaventura´s Management oversees the compliance of the terms described ~~above is overseen by the Company´s Management.~~above. As of December 31, ~~2017, the Company~~2019 and 2018, Buenaventura complies with the above financial ratios.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
(c) On October 29, 2019, El Brocal entered into a new financial obligation of US$161,893,850 with Banco de Crédito del Perú in order to cancel the two previous obligations: i) Finance ~~leaseback -~~leaseback; and ii) Mid-term financial obligation. The new financial obligation has the following terms and conditions:
On June 9, 2015, the Board of Directors of El Brocal approved the modification of the debt and new payment schedule of the leaseback through sale contracts through the sale of assets with the same value including equipment, machinery and processing plant located in the Colquijirca mining unit. The contracts have the following terms and conditions:

- ~~Principal:~~Principal (Part A): US$~~166,500,000.~~113,325,695.
- Principal (Part B): US$48,568,155.
- Annual interest ~~rate: Nine-month Libor plus 4.75~~rate (Part A): 3.76 percent.
- ~~Term: 5.5 years since September 23, 2015, with final maturity in year 2020.~~Annual interest rate (Part B): Three-month LIBOR plus 2.39 percent.
- ~~Amortization: Through 22 quarterly variable installments.~~Term (Part A): 5 years since October 2019 until October 2024.
- Term (Part B): 7 years since October 2019 until October 2026.

~~In connection with~~According to the lease contract mentioned above, ~~financing,~~ El Brocal ~~must comply~~is required to maintain the following financial ratios:

(i) Debt service coverage ratio: Higher than ~~1.3~~1.3.
(ii) Leverage ~~ratio:~~Ratio: Less than1.0 times.
~~F-60~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
(iii) ~~Debt~~Indebtedness ratio:
a. Less than ~~2.50 times as of December 31, 2016;~~
b. ~~Less than 2.50 times from January 1, 2017 to September 30, 2017;~~
c. ~~Less than~~ 2.25 ~~times as of December 31, 2017;~~
d. ~~Less than 2.0 times from January 1, 2018.~~times.

~~These sales agreements with a subsequent~~This new financial ~~lease are~~obligation is guaranteed by a ~~trust agreement related to collection~~security guarantee contract on assets; guarantee contract on credit rights, ~~sales contracts, cash~~ flows ~~for sales contracts~~ and ~~one related to the assets indicated in the contract.~~account balances; land mortgage contract; and mortgage contract on mining concessions.

The El Brocal´s Management ~~of El Brocal has been restructuring its financial obligations, which resulted in a reduction~~oversees the compliance of the interest rates of its short and long-term loans in 2017. In September 2017, the interest rate applicable to the financial lease contract of El Brocal was modified. The new rate is three-month Libor plus 2.75 percent (three-month Libor plus 4.75 percent asterms described above. As of December 31, ~~2016).~~2019 and 2018, Buenaventura complies with the above financial ratios.

The compliance with the financial ratios ~~described above~~ is monitored by El Brocal’s ~~Management. El Brocal’s Management~~management, which it managed and obtained from Banco de Crédito del Perú a ~~one year~~ waiver for any possible breach of the financial ~~ratios.~~
~~Mid-term loan contract -~~
~~On October 23, 2017 El Brocal signed a mid-term loan agreement with~~ratios that occured for the ~~Banco de Credito del Peru for US$80,000,000, which accrues interest at an annual rate~~last quarter of ~~3.65 percent, for a 5-year term. The objective of this financing was the payment of short-term financial obligations maintained with the Banco de Credito del Peru~~2019 and for ~~working capital.~~
~~As part of~~ the ~~commitments agreed, El Brocal must comply with the following financial indicators as of December 31, 2017:~~
~~(i)~~ ~~Debt service coverage ratio: Higher than 1.3~~
~~(ii)~~ ~~Leverage ratio: Less than 1.0 times.~~
~~(iii)~~ ~~Debt ratio: Less than a 2.25 times.~~
~~The compliance of the terms described above is overseen by the El Brocal´s Management. El Brocal´s Management obtained a one~~ year ~~waiver for any breach of the financial ratios.~~2020.

(d) On December 2, 2009, ~~Empresa de Generación~~ Huanza ~~S.A.~~ entered into a finance lease contract with Banco de Crédito del Perú~~, with~~. In the year 2017, Huanza negotiated a reduction of the fixed rate of interest and agreed a modification of the following terms and conditions:

- Principal: US$119,000,000.
- Annual interest rate: Three-month ~~Libor~~LIBOR plus 2.75 ~~percent (three-month Libor plus 4.60 percent in 2016).~~percent.
- Term: 6 years since August 2014, with final maturity in November 2020.
- Guarantee: Leased equipment.
- Amortization: ~~Through~~ 26 quarterly variable installments and a final payment of US$44,191,000.

~~F-61~~
F-70

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

On June 30, 2014, Banco de Credito del Perú extended the finance lease contract above mentioned, through the addition of a new ~~tranche with~~tranche. In 2017, Huanza negotiate a reduction of the fixed rate of interest and agreed a modification of the following terms and conditions:

- Principal: US$103,373,000.
- Annual interest rate: Three-month ~~Libor~~LIBOR plus 2.75 ~~percent (three-month Libor plus 4.70 percent in 2016).~~percent.
- Term: 6 years since August 2014, with final maturity in November 2020.
- Guarantee: Leased equipment.
- Amortization: Through an initial installment of US$18,373,000, with 26 quarterly variable installments and a final installment of US$68,905,000.

~~(e)~~ ~~On June 9, 2015, BISA entered into a finance lease contract with Banco de Credito del Perú, for the construction of administrative offices, with the following terms and conditions:~~
In addition, Huanza have granted a security interest for 100 percent of shares.
According to the lease contract mentioned above, Huanza is required to maintain the following financial ratios:
- Debt service coverage ratio: Higher than 1.1.
- Minimum Net equity of US$30,000,000.
On December 2, 2009, Huanza signed a “Guarantee Trust Agreement” (hereinafter “the contract”), related to the financial lease agreement described above. In said contract, Huanza and Buenaventura are the trustors, the Bank is the trustee and La Fiduciaria S.A. is the fiduciary. The objective of the contract is the constitution of a trust equity with irrevocable character, which serves entirely as a guarantee of the total payment of the guaranteed obligations, which are based on the agreements, renewals, extensions or modifications established in the financial lease documents.
Under this contract, Huanza promised to grant the following:

- ~~Principal: US$14,944,000.~~Trust of flows with respect to all the income of the hydroelectric power station of Huanza, including the income from sales of power and energy, through which Huanza is obliged to receive all the cash flows of commercial income through a collection account, as well as carry out certain mandatory actions that guarantee the channeling of flows mentioned above.
- ~~Annual interest rate: 4.60 percent.~~Trust of assets of the station, the lands, the assets of Huanza necessary for the operation of the station that are not under the Financial Lease Agreement and the actions of Huanza, as well as the right of collection on future flows that would correspond receive Huanza before the eventual public auction of the rights and assets of the concession because of the expiration of the concession.
- ~~Term: 5 years~~The conditional transfer, by which Huanza assigns to the Bank the rights and ~~4 months since April 2014, with final maturity in July 2019.~~
- ~~Guarantee: Leased property.~~
- ~~Amortization: Through 64 monthly installments~~obligations derived from the agreements and contracts signed by Huanza for the construction of ~~US$208,000 each.~~the Plant.

~~In October 2017, BISA sold its investment properties for US$11,250,000. Of this total, US$7,196,922 was used by~~Notes to the ~~buyer to prepay, on behalf of Bisa, the finance lease contract with Banco de Credito del Peru; the remaining amount of US$4,053,078 will be collected during the first quarter of 2018.~~consolidated financial statements(continued)

~~(f)~~- Letters of Guarantee, by means of which, Buenaventura is constituted as Huanza's solidarity guarantor, guaranteeing in favor of the Bank the fulfillment of the obligations breached by Huanza.
As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, Huanza complied with these assumed commitments, including that related to the channeling of all the cash flows received for commercial income through a collection account.
(e) The long-term portion of the financial obligations held by the Group matures as follows:

2017 2016
US$(000) US$(000)

Between 1 and 2 years 125,215 81,057
Between 2 and 5 years 427,680 474,294
552,895 555,351
Debt issuance costs (3,803 ) (3,119 )
549,092 552,232
~~F-62~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
2019 2018
US$(000) US$(000)

Between 1 and 2 years 133,091 278,397
Between 2 and 5 years 127,463 266,625
More than 5 years 48,566 -

309,120 545,022
Debt issuance costs (3,124 ) (4,126 )

305,996 540,896

~~(g)~~(f) Below is presented the movement:

2017 2016 2015 2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Beginning balance 592,342 353,710 383,305 587,062 633,083 592,342
New obligations 80,000 275,210 296 161,894 - 80,000
New lease obligations, note 2.3 19,885 - -
Payments of financial obligations (186,152 ) (45,222 ) (32,599 )
Payments of obligations for leases (7,596 ) - -
Increase of debt issuance costs (728 ) - (480 )
Movement of lease obligations (4,786 ) - -
Accrual of debt issuance costs in results, note 27(a) 2,109 1,024 909
Exchange difference - 384 (165 )
Increase in interest for debt restructuring - (2,207 ) -
Accrual of debt issuance costs capitalized 272 (3,119 ) - - - 272
Accrual of debt issuance costs in results, note 26(a) 909 - -
Payments (32,599 ) (33,476 ) (29,891 )
Sale of asset under lease agreement (e) (7,196 ) - -
Increase of debt issuance costs, note 26(a) (480 ) - -
Exchange difference (165 ) 17 -
Sale of asset under lease agreement - - (7,196 )

Final balance 633,083 592,342 353,710 571,688 587,062 633,083

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
(g) Lease liabilities related to the right in use are:
2019
US$(000)
Buildings 5,296
Transportation units 1,429
Machinery and equipment 778
7,503
Classification by maturity:
Current portion 3,692
Non-current portion 3,811
7,503
Buildings -
Lease liabilities related to buildings mainly correspond to a lease contract entered by Buenaventura on its administrative offices in Lima located in Las Begonias Street N°415, San Isidro, Lima, Peru, with a lease term of 10 years since the year 2013 and fixed payments. The Group has the option to lease the assets for two additional term of 5 years each.
Future minimum rentals payable as of December 31 are the following:
2019 2018
US$(000) US$(000)

Within one year 1,470 1,543
After one year but not more than five years 3,697 5,787
5,167 7,330
Transportation units -
The Group has lease contracts for various items of mining vehicles used in its operations. Leases of mining vehicles generally have lease terms between one and three years. The Group’s obligations under its leases are secured by the lessor’s title to the leased assets. Generally, the Group is restricted from assigning and subleasing the leased assets. No contracts require the Group to maintain certain financial ratios nor includes variable lease payments.
The Group also has certain leases of assets with lease terms of 12 months or less and leases of office equipment with low value. The Group applies the short-term lease and lease of low-value assets recognition exemptions for these leases.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

17. Shareholders’ equity, net

(a) Capital stock -
The Group’s share capital is stated in ~~Soles~~soles and ~~consists~~consisted of common shares with voting rights, with a nominal amount of S/10.00 per share. The table below presents the composition of the capital stock as of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016:~~2018:

Number of
shares Capital
stock Capital
stock Number of shares
Capital
stock

Capital
stock

S/(000) US$(000) S/(000) US$(000)

Common shares 274,889,924 2,748,899 813,162 274,889,924 2,748,899 813,162
Treasury shares (21,174,734 ) (211,747 ) (62,665 ) (21,174,734 ) (211,747 ) (62,665 )
253,715,190 2,537,152 750,497
253,715,190 2,537,152 750,497

The market value of the common shares amounted to S/~~45.00~~47.77 per share as of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 (S/~~34.37~~53.60 per share as of December ~~31,2016)~~31, 2018). These shares present trading frequencies of 25 and 1035 percent in the years ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, respectively.
~~F-63~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~

(b) Investment shares -
Investment shares have a nominal value of S/10.00 per share. Holders of investment shares are neither entitled neither to exercise voting rights nor to participate in shareholders’ meetings; however, they confer upon the holders thereof the right to participate in the dividends ~~distribution in the same manner as common shares.~~distribution. The table below presents the composition of the investment shares as of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016:~~2018:

Number of
shares Number of
shares Number of
shares Number of shares Investment shares Investment shares
S/(000) US$(000) S/(000) US$(000)

Investment shares 744,640 7,447 2,161 744,640 7,447 2,161
Treasury investment shares (472,963 ) (4,730 ) (1,370 ) (472,963 ) (4,730 ) (1,370 )
271,677 2,717 791
271,677 2,717 791

The market value of the investment shares amounted to S/~~22.10~~16.00 per share as of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 (S/~~25.00~~19.60 per share as of December 31, ~~2016)~~2018). These shares did not present a trading frequency in ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016.~~
~~During 2016, the Group purchased 200,000 treasury shares at a market value of US$1,210,000, recording a purchase loss of US$605,000, presented as part of the additional paid-in capital.~~2018.

(c) Legal reserve -
The Peruvian Corporations Law requires that a minimum of 10 percent of the distributable earnings for each period, after deducting the income tax, be transferred to a legal reserve until the latter is equal to 20 percent of the capital stock. This legal reserve can be used to offset losses or may be capitalized, with the obligation, in both cases, to replenish it.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
Although, the balance of the legal reserve exceeded the limit mentioned above, the Group increased its legal reserve by US$53,000 in the year 2019 (US$44,000 and US$327,000 in the ~~year~~years 2018 and 2017 ~~(US$30,000 in~~respectively) as a result of the ~~year 2016) related to~~ expired dividends.
~~F-64~~
~~Notes~~ According to the ~~consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~General Corporate Law, dividends expire ten years after the payment due.

(d) Dividends declared and paid -
~~During 2015, no dividends have been declared or paid.~~
The table below presents the dividends declared and paid in ~~2017~~2019, 2018 and ~~2016:~~2017:

Meetings Date
Dividends
paid

Dividend
per share
Date
Dividends declared and
paid

Dividend
per share

US$(000) US$

2019 Dividends
Mandatory Annual Shareholders’ Meeting March 25 16,538 0.06
Less - Dividends of treasury shares (1,298 )

15,240

Board of Directors’ Meeting October 29 7,442 0.03
Less - Dividends of treasury shares (584 )
6,858
22,098

2018 Dividends
Mandatory Annual Shareholders’ Meeting March 27 8,269 0.03
Less - Dividends of treasury shares (648 )
7,621

Board of Directors’ Meeting October 25 16,538 0.06
Less - Dividends of treasury shares (1,299 )
15,239
US$(000) US$ 22,860

2017 Dividends
Mandatory Annual Shareholders’ Meeting March 28 15,711 0.056 March 28 15,711 0.06
Less - Dividends of treasury shares (1,232 ) (1,232 )

14,479 14,479

Board of Directors’ Meeting October 27 8,269 0.030 October 27 8,269 0.03
Less - Dividends of treasury shares (649 ) (649 )
7,620
7,620 22,099
22,099
2016 Dividends
Board of Directors’ Meeting October 27 8,269 0.030
Less - Dividends of treasury shares (648 )

7,621

According to the current Law, there are no restrictions for the remittance of dividends or repatriation of capital by foreign investors.

Dividends declared by S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca corresponding to non-controlling interest were US$~~6,036,000,~~6,500,000, US$~~7,400,000~~5,560,000 and US$~~10,488,000~~6,036,000 for the years 2019, 2018 and 2017, ~~2016 and 2015,~~ respectively.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

(e) Basic and diluted profit (loss) per share -
Profit (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net profit (loss) for the period by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year.
The calculation of profit (loss) per share attributable to the equity holders of the parent is presented below:

2017 2016 2015

Profit (loss) net (numerator) - US$ 60,823,000 (323,492,000 ) (317,210,000 )
Total common and investment shares (denominator) 253,986,867 253,986,867 254,186,867

Profit (loss) net per basic share and diluted - US$ 0.24 (1.27 ) (1.25 )
~~F-65~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
2019 2018 2017

Profit (loss) net (numerator) - US$ (12,208,000 ) (13,445,000 ) 60,823,000
Total common and investment shares (denominator) 253,986,867 253,986,867 253,986,867
Profit (loss) net per basic share and diluted - US$ (0.05 ) (0.05 ) 0.24

The calculation of profit (loss) per share from continuing operations attributable to the equity holders of the Parent is presented below:

2017 2016 2015 2019 2018 2017

Profit (loss) net (numerator) - US$ 70,921,000 (304,419,000 ) (296,977,000 ) (1,694,000 ) (1,637,000 ) 71,167,000
Total common and investment shares (denominator) 253,986,867 253,986,867 254,186,867 253,986,867 253,986,867 253,986,867

Profit (loss) net per basic share and diluted - US$ 0.28 (1.20 ) (1.17 ) (0.01 ) (0.02 ) 0.28

The common and investment shares outstanding at the close of 2019, 2018 and 2017 ~~2016 and 2015~~ were ~~253,986,867, 253,986,867 and 254,186,867, respectively.~~253,986,867.
A tax of 5 percent of the income tax is established to the dividends or any other form of distribution of profits.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

18. Subsidiaries with material non-controlling interest

(a) Financial information of main subsidiaries that have material non-controlling interest are provided below:

Country of
incorporation
and operation 2017 2016 2015
% % %

Equity interest held by non-controlling interests:
Sociedad Minera El Brocal S.A.A. Peru 38.58 38.67 45.93
S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca Peru 40.00 40.00 40.00
Minera La Zanja S.R.L. Peru 46.94 46.94 46.94
2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Accumulated balances of material non-controlling interest:
Sociedad Minera El Brocal S.A.A. Peru 165,032 167,986 172,542
Minera La Zanja S.R.L. Peru 48,642 55,613 53,271
S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca Peru 1,693 1,906 2,357
Apu Coropuna S.R.L. Peru 223 678 -
Other minor Chile - (61 ) -
215,590 226,122 228,170

Profit (loss) allocated to material non-controlling interest:
S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca Peru 5,827 6,950 9,244
Sociedad Minera El Brocal S.A.A. Peru 4,246 (13,426 ) (34,991 )
Minera La Zanja S.R.L. Peru (6,006 ) 2,342 (32,486 )
Apu Coropuna S.R.L. Peru (454 ) (157 ) (102 )
Other minor Chile (1 ) (31 ) -
3,612 (4,322 ) (58,335 )
~~F-66~~
Country of
incorporation and operation
2019, 2018 and 2017
%
Equity interest held by non-controlling interests:
Sociedad Minera El Brocal S.A.A. Peru 38.57
S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca Peru 40.00
Minera La Zanja S.R.L. Peru 46.94
Apu Coropuna S.R.L. Peru 30.00

~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Accumulated balances of material non-controlling interest:
Sociedad Minera El Brocal S.A.A. 161,917 176,978 165,032
Minera La Zanja S.R.L. 33,026 42,295 48,642
S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca 1,587 1,800 1,693
Apu Coropuna S.R.L. 148 164 223
196,678 221,237 215,590
Profit (loss) allocated to material non-controlling interest:
Sociedad Minera El Brocal S.A.A. (13,432 ) 2,880 4,246
Minera La Zanja S.R.L. (9,090 ) (6,346 ) (6,006 )
S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca 6,286 5,667 5,827
Apu Coropuna S.R.L. (14 ) (410 ) (454 )
Other minor (1 ) - (1 )
(16,251 ) 1,791 3,612

During 2017, purchases of shares in the subsidiary Sociedad Minera El Brocal S.A.A. were made for US$621,000, which resulted in an increase in its shares and a dilution of non-controlling shareholders of 0.09%. ~~During 2016,~~

Notes to the Company, through the Lima Stock Exchange, made capital contributions to its subsidiary Sociedad Minera El Brocal S.A.A. for S/63.9 million (equivalent to US$18.6 million) and US$45.2 million, which resulted in an increase in its shares and a dilution of non-controlling shareholders for US$5.4 million equivalents to 7.26%.consolidated financial statements(continued)

(b) The summarized financial information of these subsidiaries, before inter-company eliminations, is presented below:

Statements of financial position as of December 31, ~~2017:~~2019:

Sociedad
Minera El
Brocal
S.A.A. S.M.R.L.
Chaupiloma
Dos de
Cajamarca Minera
La Zanja
S.R.L. Apu
Coropuna
S.R.L. Other
minor Total
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Current assets 146,865 6,640 134,758 1,440 665 290,368
Non-current assets 645,729 - 55,873 189 30 701,821
Current liabilities (159,190 ) (2,407 ) (38,807 ) (143 ) (29 ) (200,576 )
Non-current liabilities (229,709 ) - (48,201 ) (740 ) (2 ) (278,652 )

Total shareholders’ equity, net 403,695 4,233 103,623 746 664 512,961

Attributable to:
Shareholders of the parent 239,925 2,540 54,981 523 664 298,633
Non-controlling interests 165,032 1,693 48,642 223 - 215,590

404,957 4,233 103,623 746 664 514,223
~~F-67~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
Sociedad Minera El Brocal S.A.A. Minera La Zanja S.R.L. S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca Apu Coropuna S.R.L.
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Current assets 149,945 112,420 6,252 2,141
Non-current assets 576,028 26,038 - 185
Current liabilities (118,965 ) (20,170 ) (2,286 ) (1,094 )
Non-current liabilities (210,904 ) (47,930 ) - (740 )

Shareholders’ equity, net 396,104 70,358 3,966 492

Attributable to:
Shareholders of the Group 234,187 37,332 2,379 344
Non-controlling interests 161,917 33,026 1,587 148

396,104 70,358 3,966 492

Statements of financial position as of December 31, ~~2016:~~2018:

Sociedad
Minera El
Brocal
S.A.A. S.M.R.L.
Chaupiloma
Dos de
Cajamarca Minera
La Zanja
S.R.L. Apu
Coropuna
S.R.L. Other
minor Total Sociedad Minera El Brocal S.A.A. Minera La Zanja S.R.L. S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca Apu Coropuna S.R.L.
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Current assets 120,291 7,439 155,659 2,301 81 285,771 170,274 126,878 7,154 2,263
Non-current assets 642,790 - 90,447 88 500 733,825 603,280 31,841 - 182
Current liabilities (184,324 ) (2,684 ) (40,411 ) (129 ) - (227,548 ) (123,052 ) (25,834 ) (2,653 ) (1,165 )
Non-current liabilities (168,589 ) - (89,278 ) - (2 ) (257,869 ) (217,683 ) (42,781 ) - (739 )

Total shareholders’ equity, net 410,168 4,755 116,417 2,260 579 534,179
Shareholders’ equity, net 432,819 90,104 4,501 541

Attributable to:
Shareholders of the parent 242,182 2,849 60,804 1,582 640 308,057
Shareholders of the Group 255,841 47,809 2,701 377
Non-controlling interests 167,986 1,906 55,613 678 (61 ) 226,122 176,978 42,295 1,800 164

410,168 4,755 116,417 2,260 579 534,179 432,819 90,104 4,501 541

~~F-68~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements ~~(continued)~~(continued)

Statements of profit or loss for the ~~year ended December 31,~~years 2019, 2018 and 2017:

Sociedad
Minera El
Brocal S.A.A. S.M.R.L.
Chaupiloma
Dos
de Cajamarca Minera
La Zanja
S.R.L. Apu
Coropuna
S.R.L. Other
minor Total
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Revenues 322,653 20,739 165,319 - - 508,711
Cost of sales (254,390 ) - (153,230 ) - - (407,620 )
Administrative expenses (13,061 ) (90 ) (2,814 ) (92 ) (24 ) (16,081 )
Sales expenses (10,914 ) - (881 ) - - (11,795 )
Exploration in non-operating areas (1,975 ) - (2,871 ) (680 ) - (5,526 )
Other operating expense, net (2,923 ) (1 ) (969 ) (744 ) - (4,637 )
Provision for contingencies - - (1,370 ) 1 - �� (1,369 )
Impairment loss of long-lived assets (13,573 ) - (21,620 ) - - (35,193 )
Finance income 179 7 670 - - 856
Finance costs (12,017 ) (2 ) (1,918 ) (1 ) - (13,938 )
Net gain (loss) for exchange difference 310 (41 ) 48 1 410 728
Profit (loss) before income tax 14,289 20,612 (19,636 ) (1,515 ) 386 14,136
Income tax (3,903 ) (6,044 ) 6,841 - - (3,106 )

Net profit (loss) 10,386 14,568 (12,795 ) (1,515 ) 386 11,030

Attributable to non-controlling interests 4,246 5,827 (6,006 ) (454 ) (1 ) 3,612

Dividends paid to non-controlling interests - 6,036 - - - 6,036
~~F-69~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~Statements of profit or loss for the year ended December 31, 2016:~~
Sociedad
Minera El
Brocal S.A.A. S.M.R.L.
Chaupiloma
Dos
de Cajamarca Minera
La Zanja
S.R.L. Apu
Coropuna
S.R.L. Other
minor Total
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Revenues 230,611 24,339 178,922 - - 433,872
Cost of sales (234,594 ) (16 ) (150,039 ) - - (384,649 )
Administrative expenses (11,802 ) (112 ) (1,980 ) (4 ) - (13,898 )
Sales expenses (10,650 ) - (938 ) - - (11,588 )
Exploration in non-operating areas (1,939 ) - (4,619 ) (524 ) - (7,082 )
Other operating expense, net 309 11 4,237 - (410 ) 4,147
Finance income 256 - 87 - - 343
Finance costs (12,554 ) (2 ) (2,614 ) - - (15,170 )
Net gain (loss) for exchange difference (270 ) (93 ) 65 5 - (293 )
Profit (loss) before income tax (40,633 ) 24,127 23,121 (523 ) (410 ) 5,682
Income tax 7,851 (6,761 ) (18,256 ) - - (17,166 )

Net profit (loss) (32,782 ) 17,366 4,865 (523 ) (410 ) (11,484 )

Attributable to non-controlling interests (13,426 ) 6,950 2,342 (157 ) (31 ) (4,322 )

Dividends paid to non-controlling interests - 7,400 - - - 7,400
~~F-70~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~Statements of profit or loss for the year ended December 31, 2015:~~
Sociedad
Minera El
Brocal S.A.A. S.M.R.L.
Chaupiloma
Dos
de Cajamarca Minera
La Zanja
S.R.L. Total
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Revenues 171,294 32,414 161,007 364,715
Cost of sales (204,556 ) (54 ) (213,372 ) (417,982 )
Administrative expenses (19,168 ) (106 ) (2,251 ) (21,525 )
Sales expenses (9,056 ) - (1,207 ) (10,263 )
Exploration in non-operating areas (2,366 ) - (8,954 ) (11,320 )
Impairment loss of long-lived assets - - (3,803 ) (3,803 )
Other operating expense, net (2,657 ) - (687 ) (3,344 )
Finance income 154 - 16 170
Finance costs (10,096 ) (4 ) (3,684 ) (13,784 )
Net gain (loss) for exchange difference (3,847 ) 45 (1,973 ) (5,775 )
Profit (loss) before income tax (80,298 ) 32,295 (74,908 ) (122,911 )
Income tax 4,109 (9,186 ) 5,702 625
Net profit (loss) (76,189 ) 23,109 (69,206 ) (122,286 )

Attributable to non-controlling interests (34,991 ) 9,244 (32,486 ) (58,335 )
Dividends paid to non-controlling interests - 10,488 - 10,488
Sociedad Minera El Brocal S.A.A. Minera La Zanja S.R.L. S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca Apu Coropuna S.R.L.
Other
minor

US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Year 2019 -

Revenues 299,252 43,520 22,297 - -
Net profit (loss) (32,855 ) (19,364 ) 15,715 (48 ) (17 )
Attributable to non-controlling interests (13,432 ) (9,090 ) 6,286 (14 ) (1 )

Year 2018 -

Revenues 332,298 96,611 20,385 - -
Net profit (loss) 6,305 (13,519 ) 14,168 (1,369 ) -
Attributable to non-controlling interests 2,880 (6,346 ) 5,667 (410 ) -

Year 2017 -

Revenues 322,653 165,319 20,739 - -
Net profit (loss) 10,386 (12,795 ) 14,568 (1,515 ) 386
Attributable to non-controlling interests 4,246 (6,006 ) 5,827 (454 ) (1 )

Statements of cash flow for the ~~year ended December 31,~~years 2019, 2018 and 2017:

Sociedad
Minera El |
Brocal S.A.A. S.M.R.L.
Chaupiloma
Dos de
Cajamarca Minera La
Zanja S.R.L. Apu Coropuna
S.R.L. Total Sociedad Minera El Brocal S.A.A. Minera La Zanja S.R.L. S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca Apu Coropuna S.R.L.
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Year 2019 -
Operating activities 60,525 15,093 139,155 (185 ) 214,588 1,545 (908 ) 16,040 -
Investing activities (64,343 ) - (17,326 ) - (81,669 ) (28,259 ) (1,629 ) - -
Financing activities 18,096 (15,090 ) (32,077 ) 1,477 (27,594 ) (405 ) (763 ) (16,250 ) 1,032
Increase in cash and cash equivalents in the year 14,278 3 89,752 1,292 105,325
(27,119 ) (3,300 ) (210 ) 1,032
Year 2018 -
Operating activities 74,985 10,323 14,066 (572 )
Investing activities (29,546 ) (13,160 ) - -
Financing activities (29,974 ) - (13,900 ) -
15,465 (2,837 ) 166 (572 )

~~F-71~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements ~~(continued)~~(continued)

~~Statements of cash flow for the year ended December 31, 2016:~~
Sociedad
Minera El
Brocal S.A.A. S.M.R.L.
Chaupiloma
Dos de
Cajamarca Minera La
Zanja S.R.L. Apu Coropuna
S.R.L. Total
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Operating activities (9,151 ) 18,178 11,839 (1,895 ) 18,971
Investing activities (37,935 ) - (14,994 ) - (52,929 )
Financing activities 48,021 (18,500 ) - 2,717 32,238
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents in the year 935 (322 ) (3,155 ) 822 (1,720 )
~~Statements of cash flow for the year ended December 31, 2015:~~
Sociedad
Minera El
Brocal S.A.A. S.M.R.L.
Chaupiloma
Dos de
Cajamarca Minera La
Zanja S.R.L. Total Sociedad Minera El Brocal S.A.A. Minera La Zanja S.R.L. S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca Apu Coropuna S.R.L.
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Year 2017 -
Operating activities (1,523 ) 26,474 30,743 55,694 60,525 139,155 15,093 (185 )
Investing activities (28,375 ) - (26,761 ) (55,136 ) (64,343 ) (17,326 ) - -
Financing activities 31,867 (26,220 ) - 5,647 18,096 (32,077 ) (15,090 ) 1,477
Increase in cash and cash equivalents in the year 1,969 254 3,982 6,205
14,278 89,752 3 1,292

19. Tax situation

(a) Current tax regime -
The Company and its Peruvian subsidiaries are subject to the Peruvian tax regime.
By means of Law N° 1261 enacted on December 10, 2016, the Peruvian government introduced certain amendments to the Income Tax Law, effective January 1, 2017. The most relevant are listed below:

- A corporate income tax rate of 29.5% is set.
- A tax of 5% of the income tax is established to the dividends or any other form of distribution of profits.
- The rate applicable to dividends will be considered taking into account the year in which the results or profits that form part of the distribution ~~have~~has been ~~obtained,~~obtained. The rate will be consider according to the following: 4.1% with respect to the results obtained until December 31, 2014; 6.8% with respect to the results obtained during the years 2015 and 2016; and 5% with respect to the results obtained from January 1, 2017.
- It has been established that the distribution of dividends to be made corresponds to the oldest retained earnings.

~~F-72~~
In July 2018, Law No. 30823 was published. Under this Law, the Congress delegated to the Executive Power the power to legislate on various issues, including tax and financial matters. In this sense, the main tax regulations issued are the following:

(i) Since January 1, 2019, the applicable treatment of royalties and remuneration for services rendered by non-domiciled was modified (Legislative Decree No. 1369).
(ii) The rules that regulate the obligation of legal persons and / or legal entities to inform the identification of their final beneficiaries (Legislative Decree No. 1372) were established.
(iii) The Tax Code was modified in order to provide greater guarantees to taxpayers in the application of the general anti-avoidance rule (Rule XVI of the Preliminary Title of the Tax Code); as well as to provide the Tax Administration with tools for its effective implementation.
(iv) Rules have been established for the accrual of income and expenses for tax purposes since January 1, 2019. Until 2018, there was no normative definition of this concept, so in many cases, accounting rules were used for its interpretation.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements ~~(continued)~~(continued)

(b) Years open to tax review -
During the four years following the year of filing the tax return, the tax authorities have the power to review and, as applicable, correct the income tax computed by the Group. The Income Tax and Value Added Tax (VAT) returns for the following years are open to review by the Tax Authorities:

Entity Years open to review by the
Tax Authorities

Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. ~~2013-2017~~
~~Bisa Construcción S.A. (absorbed by Buenaventura Ingenieros S.A. in 2015)~~ ~~2014-2015~~
~~Buenaventura Ingenieros S.A.~~ ~~2013, 2015-2017~~
~~Compañía de Exploraciones, Desarrollo e Inversiones Mineras S.A.C. – CEDIMIN (absorbed by the Company in 2013)~~ ~~2013~~2015-2019
Compañía Minera Condesa S.A. ~~2013-2017~~2015-2019
Compañía Minera Colquirrumi S.A. ~~2013-2017~~2015-2019
Consorcio Energético de Huancavelica S.A. ~~2013-2017~~2016-2019
Contacto Corredores de Seguros S.A. ~~2014-2017~~2014-2019
El Molle Verde S.A.C. ~~2013-2017~~2015-2019
Empresa de Generación Huanza S.A. ~~2013, 2015, 2016, 2017~~2015-2019
Inversiones Colquijirca S.A. ~~2013-2017~~2015-2019
Minera La Zanja S.R.L. ~~2014-2017~~2016-2019
Sociedad Minera El Brocal S.A.A. ~~2014-2017~~2014, 2016-2019
S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca ~~2014-2017~~2015-2019
Procesadora Industrial Río Seco S. A. ~~2014-2017~~2015-2019
Apu Coropuna S.R.L. ~~2013-2017~~2015-2019
Cerro Hablador S. A. C. ~~2013-2017~~2015-2019
Minera Azola S. R. L. ~~2014-2017~~2015-2019
~~As of the date of issuance of this report, Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. is been audited by the Tax Administration for the income tax of the year 2014.~~

Due to the possible interpretations that the Tax Authorities may give to legislation in effect, it is not possible to determine whether ~~or not~~ any of the tax audits will result in increased liabilities for the Group. For that reason, any tax or surcharge that could arise from future tax audits would be applied to the income of the period in which it is determined. In management's opinion and its legal advisors, any possible additional payment of taxes in the entities mentioned before would not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements as of December 31, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016.~~
~~F-73~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~2018.

The open tax process of the Group and its associates are presented in note ~~28 (g)~~29(e).

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

(c)
Tax-loss carryforwards -
As of December 2017 and 2016, the tax-loss carryforward determined by the Group amounts to approximately S/1,337,919,000 and S/1,347,159,000, respectively (equivalent to US$412,302,000 and US$415,149,000 respectively). As permitted by the Income Tax Law, the Group has chosen a system that permits to offset these losses with an annual cap equivalent to 50 percent of net future taxable income.
The Group has decided to recognize a deferred income tax asset related to the tax-loss carryforward of those companies where is more likely than not that the tax-loss carryforward can be used to compensate future taxable net income.

As of December 2019 and 2018, the tax-loss carryforward determined by the Group amounts to approximately S/1,950,896,000 and S/1,550,156,000, respectively (equivalent to US$588,151,000 and US$458,762,000 respectively). As permitted by the Income Tax Law, the Group has chosen a system that permits to offset these losses with an annual cap equivalent to 50 percent of net future taxable income.
~~(d)~~
The Group recognized a deferred income tax asset related to the tax-loss carryforward of those companies where is probable that a carryforward can be used to compensate future taxable profits.
(d)
Transfer pricing -
–
For purposes of determining the Income Tax, the transfer prices for transactions with related companies and companies domiciled in territories with little or no taxation must be supported with documentation and information on the valuation methods used and the criteria considered for their determination. Tax Administration can request this information based on analysis of the ~~Group's~~Group’s operations. The Group’s Management and its legal advisers believe that, as a result of the application of these standards, no material contingencies will arise for the Group as of December ~~2017~~31, 2019 and ~~2016.~~2018.
20.
Net sales
~~F-74~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~

~~20.~~
(a)
~~Net sales~~
~~(a)~~ The Group’s revenues are mostly from sales of gold and precious metals in the form of concentrates, including silver-lead, silver-gold, zinc and lead-gold-copper concentrates and ounces of gold. ~~The table~~Set out below ~~presents~~is the ~~net sales to customers by geographic region and product type:~~disaggregation of the Group’s revenue from contracts with customers:

2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Sales and services by geographic region:
Metal and concentrates sales
Peru 591,185 401,372 345,146
America 464,000 410,154 419,359
Europe 91,414 109,788 60,549
Asia 77,343 94,356 21,215
1,223,942 1,015,670 846,269

Services rendered
Peru 14,903 28,782 50,839
America 14,794 - -
29,697 28,782 50,839
1,253,639 1,044,452 897,108

Sale by metal:
Gold 511,434 440,603 419,541
Silver 409,775 385,989 313,418
Copper 268,527 224,649 131,356
Zinc 188,023 142,425 102,110
Lead 94,955 58,690 55,445
Manganese sulfate 6,317 5,982 3,649
Indium 66 - -
1,479,097 1,258,338 1,025,519

Commercial deductions (253,939 ) (244,414 ) (196,145 )
Adjustments to prior period liquidations 919 4,611 7,467
Embedded derivatives from sale of concentrate 8,786 880 (388 )
Hedge operations (10,921 ) (3,745 ) 9,816
1,223,942 1,015,670 846,269
Services rendered 29,697 28,782 50,839

1,253,639 1,044,452 897,108
2019 2018 2017

US$(000)

US$(000)

US$(000)

Revenues by geographic region:
Metal and concentrates sales -
Peru 476,978 521,017 516,054
America - other than Peru 171,769 370,624 471,863
Asia 105,645 120,519 120,719
Europe 60,475 100,792 79,837
814,867 1,112,952 1,188,473
Services -
Peru 23,501 23,712 14,903
America - other than Peru 130 289 14,794
Europe 30 - -
23,661 24,001 29,697
Royalties -
Peru 22,297 20,385 20,739

860,825 1,157,338 1,238,909
~~F-75~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Revenues by type of good or services:
Sales by metal -
Silver 298,171 362,122 393,257
Gold 254,194 411,877 510,982
Copper 238,304 274,761 268,527
Zinc 149,317 164,666 170,518
Lead 89,141 85,555 85,957
Manganese sulfate 6,046 6,655 6,317
Indium - - 66
1,035,173 1,305,636 1,435,624
Commercial deductions (220,306 ) (192,684 ) (247,151 )
814,867 1,112,952 1,188,473
Sales by services - 23,661 24,001 29,697
Royalties income - 22,297 20,385 20,739
Total revenue from contracts with customers 860,825 1,157,338 1,238,909

Revenues by type of recognition:
Goods transferred at a point in time 814,867 1,112,952 1,188,473
Services transferred over time 23,661 24,001 29,697
Royalties at a point of time 22,297 20,385 20,739
860,825 1,157,338 1,238,909
(b)
Set out below, is the reconciliation of the revenue from contracts with customers with the amounts disclosed in the consolidated statement of profit or loss:
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Contracts with customers for sale of goods 814,867 1,112,952 1,188,473
Hedge operations 4,322 (1,398 ) (10,921 )
Fair value of accounts receivables 2,347 (6,013 ) 8,417
Adjustments to prior period liquidations 394 788 1,237
Net sale of goods 821,930 1,106,329 1,187,206

Net sale of services 23,661 24,001 29,697

Royalty income 22,297 20,385 20,739

867,888 1,150,715 1,237,642
(c)
Performance obligations -
The performance obligation of the sale of goods is satisfied upon delivery of the goods and payment is generally due within 30 to 90 days from delivery. Performance obligation of services is satisfied over-time and payment is generally due upon completion and acceptance of service.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

~~(b)~~
(d)
Concentration of sales -
In 2017, the three customers with sales of more than 10 percent of total net sales represented 28, 15 and 10 percent from the total net sales of the Group (three customers by 28, 22 and 22 percent during the year 2016 and; two customers by 66 and 22 percent during the year 2015). As of December 31, 2017, 49 percent of the accounts receivable correspond to these customers (46 percent as of December 31, 2016). These customers are related to the mining business.
The Group's sales of gold and concentrates are delivered to investment banks and national and international well-known companies. Some of these clients have long-term sales contracts that guarantee supplying them the production from the Group’s mines.

In 2019, the three customers with sales of more than 10 percent of total net sales represented 25, 16 and 11 percent from the total net sales of the Group (three customers by 32, 13 and 11 percent during 2018 and three customers by 28, 15 and 10 percent during 2017). As of December 31, 2019, 84 percent of the accounts receivable correspond to these customers (43 percent as of December 31, 2018). These customers are related to the mining business.
~~21.~~
The Group’s sales of gold and concentrates are delivered to investment banks and national and international well-known companies. Some of these clients have long-term sales contracts with the Group that guarantee supplying them the production from the Group’s mines.
(e)
Sales expenses -
Sales expenses represent 3%, 2% and 2% of the total operating income for the years 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Sales expenses corresponds mainly to transportation services and services and shipping costs. Transportation services represent 58% of the caption for the years 2019, 2018 and 2017. Shipping services and expenses represent 22%, 21% and 8% of the caption for the years 2019, 2018 and 2017.
21.
Cost of sales, without considering depreciation and amortization

(a)
The cost of sales of goods is made up as follows:

2017 2016 2015 2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Beginning balance of finished goods and products in process, net of depreciation and amortization 58,633 69,932 105,944 49,206 37,640 58,633

Cost of production
Services provided by third parties 262,195 211,325 230,148 196,895 243,410 254,821
Consumption of materials and supplies 134,070 100,401 100,241 96,351 133,961 129,294
Direct labor 87,886 72,344 66,745 79,076 93,122 82,930
Electricity and water 44,345 41,989 34,972 44,583 50,215 42,877
Rentals 26,591 10,852 5,783
Transport 20,784 23,539 25,406
Maintenance and repair 22,839 17,792 7,401 19,729 24,415 22,062
Transport 16,254 10,880 9,502
Short-term and low-value lease 16,341 30,819 15,498
Insurances 6,637 4,347 5,247 12,235 11,311 5,870
Provision (reversal) for impairment of finished goods and product in progress, note 8(b) 2,118 (7,581 ) 13,096
Cost of concentrate purchased to associates 439 2,958 -
Other production expenses 10,464 9,789 7,078
Provision (reversal) for impairment of finished goods and product in progress, note 8(c) (2,143 ) 4,521 2,118
Other minor 11,755 9,634 10,179
Total cost of production of the period 613,838 475,096 480,213 495,606 624,947 591,055
Final balance of products in process and finished goods, net of depreciation and amortization (45,038 ) (47,216 ) (72,667 ) (31,938 ) (49,206 ) (45,038 )

Cost of sales of goods, without considering depreciation and amortization 627,433 497,812 513,490 512,874 613,381 604,650

~~F-76~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

~~(a)~~(b) The cost of services is made up as follows:

2017 2016 2015 2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Direct labor 7,398 5,983 18,314 1,231 2,128 7,398
Electricity and water 589 249 586
Consumption of materials and supplies 497 675 1,026
Services provided by third parties 1,782 1,689 16,247 331 382 1,782
Consumption of materials and supplies 1,026 868 7,865
Maintenance and repair 946 217 637 186 543 946
Electricity and water 586 633 7,134
Rentals 423 480 2,544
Insurances 246 212 1,233 163 86 246
Transport 98 213 3,868 148 50 98
Other 449 459 1,770
Cost of sales of services, without considering depreciation and amortization 12,954 10,754 59,612
Short-term and low-value lease 89 92 423
Other minor 144 113 449

3,378 4,318 12,954

22.
~~22.~~
Exploration in operating units
This caption is made up as follows:
~~This caption is made up as follows~~
2017 2016 2015 2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Beginning balance of finished goods and products in process, net of depreciation and amortization 2,837 5,157 5,309

Exploration in operating units
Services provided by third parties 79,837 78,996 72,613 33,591 71,513 75,743
Consumption of materials and supplies 8,236 12,779 10,298 3,712 8,594 7,673
Direct labor 2,373 1,989 2,287 1,747 2,349 2,142
Rentals 1,527 1,603 859
Short-term and low-value lease 1,186 2,065 1,405
Electricity and water 1,328 21 7 905 1,337 820
Transport 587 321 238 71 192 543
Maintenance and repair 100 62 30 10 450 98
Insurance - 116 135
Other minor expenses 940 262 3,232
Other minor 548 910 56
Total exploration in operating units 41,770 87,410 88,480
Final balance of products in process and finished goods, net of depreciation and amortization (444 ) (2,837 ) (4,478 )
94,928 96,149 89,699
Exploration in operating units 44,163 89,730 89,311

~~23.~~ ~~Mining royalties~~
As of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, disbursements of exploration in operating amount to US$44.2 million, US$89.7 million and US$89.3 million, respectively, which are presented in the “Payments to suppliers and third parties” caption of the consolidated statements of cash flows.
~~This caption is made up as follows:~~
2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Sindicato Minero de Orcopampa S.A., note 28(b) 20,165 19,824 21,942
Royalties paid to the Peruvian State 11,052 7,787 5,246
31,217 27,611 27,188
~~F-77~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)
~~24.~~ ~~Administrative expenses~~
~~This caption is made up as follows:~~
2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Personnel expenses 36,265 29,617 33,036
Sundry charges 12,510 15,531 21,248
Professional fees 12,663 11,696 10,364
Rentals 5,412 4,870 4,009
Insurance 3,911 3,023 5,105
Donations 3,006 4,280 3,336
Maintenance and repairs 2,657 1,076 973
Subscriptions and quotes 1,428 697 540
Board of Directors’ participation 1,422 1,140 1,055
Communications 1,376 1,557 1,281
Travel and mobility 1,053 914 787
Allowance for doubtful accounts, note 7(f) 676 5,087 903
Consumption of materials and supplies 616 416 1,032
Canons and tributes 602 1,460 824
Provision (reversal) of stock appreciation’s rights - 328 (121 )
83,597 81,692 84,372

23.
~~25.~~
Mining royalties
This caption is made up as follows:
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Royalties paid to the Peruvian State 8,091 9,266 10,719
Sindicato minero de Orcopampa S.A., note 29(b) 4,741 12,122 20,165

12,832 21,388 30,884
24.
Administrative expenses
This caption is made up as follows:
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Personnel expenses 38,566 34,656 36,265
Professional fees 13,924 15,324 12,663
Sundry charges 7,489 3,965 4,921
Depreciation and amortization 3,825 1,295 1,146
Board of Directors’ compensation 2,202 3,252 1,422
Software licenses 1,706 1,824 2,523
Subscriptions and quotes 1,492 1,938 1,428
Communications 1,296 1,512 1,376
Donations 1,030 1,617 �� 3,006
Short-term and low-value lease 1,011 5,818 5,412
Maintenance and repairs 953 2,732 2,657
Transport 878 1,212 989
Insurance 720 645 3,911
Consumption of materials and supplies 422 436 616
Canons and tributes 410 388 602
Travel and mobility 373 467 1,053
Allowance for expected credit losses, note 7(f) - 18 676
76,297 77,099 80,666
25.
Exploration in non-operating areas
This caption is made up as follows:
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Personnel expenses 3,632 4,830 4,064
Services provided by third parties 3,611 22,764 5,401
Lands 1,528 1,867 1,781
Short-term and low-value lease 415 1,524 1,171
Consumption of materials and supplies 328 1,420 582
Other minor 2,365 3,902 5,263

11,879 36,307 18,262
During 2019, disbursements of exploration in non-operating areas amount to US$11.9 million mainly focused in Yumpag and Marcapunta (US$36.3 million during 2018 mainly focused in Yumpag, Marcapunta and Emperatriz and US$18.3 million during 2017 mainly focused in Tambomayo, Yumpag, Marcapunta and Emperatriz exploration projects), which are presented in the “Payments to suppliers and third parties” caption of the consolidated statements of cash flows.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
26.
Other, net
(a)
This caption is made up as follows:

~~This caption is made up as follows:~~
2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Services provided by third parties 5,401 13,629 18,852
Personnel expenses 4,064 3,908 4,713
Lands 1,781 1,691 -
Rentals 1,171 578 376
Consumption of materials and supplies 582 768 1,436
Transport 144 26 20
Maintenance and repairs 134 72 87
Insurance 27 49 84
Rights - 3,457 -
Other expenses 4,958 2,411 5,042
18,262 26,589 30,610
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Other income
Sale of supplies and merchandise to third parties 32,228 46,128 54,496
Sale of assets to third parties 19,405 3,863 369
Reversal for impairment of spare parts and supplies, note 8(c) 11,641 4,665 2,370
Sale of services to third parties 6,415 3,512 2,552
Revenue from commercial claims 2,098 - -
Income from previous years 1,311 1,504 2,680
Sale of supplies to related parties, note 30(a) 1,259 27 4
Sale of assets to related parties, note 30(a) 11 30 336
Insurance claim recovery (c) - 33,735 1,190
Sale of investment in subsidiary - 7,097 -
Changes in provisions for exploration projects, note 15(b) - 2,433 -
Recovery of expenses from previous years - 81 68
Income from rental of investment properties - 45 235
Expiration of allowance for expected credit losses, note 7(f) - 45 99
Sale of investment properties (b) - - 11,250
Other minor 2,632 (566 ) 11,881

77,000 102,599 87,530

~~F-78~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Other expenses
Disposal cost of sale of supplies and merchandise to third parties (33,664 ) (57,897 ) (60,239 )
Direct expenses (15,992 ) (9,867 ) (5,721 )
Provision for impairment of spare parts and supplies, note 8(c) (15,703 ) (11,704 ) (4,814 )
Net cost of property, machinery and equipment to third parties, note 11(a) (4,965 ) (626 ) -
Changes in provisions for exploration projects, note 15(b) (4,020 ) - (891 )
Disposal cost of sale of supplies and merchandise to related parties (2,944 ) (257 ) (40 )
Expenses from previous years (2,240 ) (1,831 ) (603 )
Withdrawals and disposals of property, machinery and equipment, note 11(a) (2,926 ) (6,626 ) (15,013 )
Allowance for expected credit losses, note 7(f) (25 ) (1,334 ) -
Net cost of transfer of investments, note 1(d) - (11,178 ) (1,706 )
Net cost of investment properties (b) - - (9,575 )
Other minor (9,236 ) (2,587 ) (2,158 )

(91,715 ) (103,907 ) (100,760 )

(14,715 ) (1,308 ) (13,230 )

~~26.~~
(b)
~~Finance~~
During 2017 the Group sold to a third party its investment properties located in the El Derby Capital Building, district of Surco.
(c)
Corresponds to the indemnity for the insurance claim of the rotor 2 of the 20X30 mill motor occurred in May 2017 of the subsidiary El Brocal. The total compensation for lost profits and consequential damages is US$38,793,000, while the associated costs for mitigation, repair and ~~finance revenues~~cost overruns are US$5,058,000, having a net effect on results of US$33,735,000, see note 26. As of December 31 of 2018, El Brocal has received the full amount of compensation from the insurance. As of December 31, 2017 corresponds to the recovery income of the sinister that occurred in the rotor 1 of the 20x30 mill and in the conveyor belt corresponding to the incident that occurred in 2016, for approximately US$4,175,000, and the incurred cost associated amounts to US$2,985,000, resulting in a net effect of US$1,190,000.

~~(a)~~ ~~These captions are made up as follows:~~
2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Finance revenues:
Interests on loans to associates, note 29(a) 1,685 4,164 2,286
Interest on time deposits 1,050 358 419
Interests on third parties loans 813 489 492
Interests on tax claims 153 487 1,297
Income from financial instruments - 743 -
Dividends income - 589 500
Other finance revenues 43 - -
3,744 6,830 4,994
Unrealized variation of the fair value related to contingent consideration liability (b) 1,773 - 6,032

Total finance revenues 5,517 6,830 11,026

Finance costs:
Interest on borrowings 27,052 18,668 17,875
Interest on loans 1,056 4,643 5,565
Banking expenses 552 319 366
Increase in debt issuance costs, note 16(g) 480 - -
Tax on financial transactions 180 159 312
Interest on commercial obligations 5 496 120
Other finance costs 7 830 41
29,332 25,115 24,279
Accrual of debt issuance costs, note 16(g) 909 - -
Accrual of the present value for mine and exploration project closure, note 15(b) 4,382 4,116 3,293
Unrealized variation of the fair value related to contingent consideration liability (b) - 2,349 -

Total finance costs 34,623 31,580 27,572
~~(b)~~ ~~Contingent consideration~~-
On August 18, 2014, Buenaventura acquired from Minera Gold Fields Peru S.A. (“Gold Fields”) 51 percent of the voting shares of Canteras del Hallazgo S.A.C., which represent the whole interest of Gold Fields in the equity of such entity.
Canteras del Hallazgo is a privately-held entity incorporated in 2009 and owner of the Chucapaca project, which is located in the Ichuña district, in the General Sanchez Cerro province, in the Moquegua department, Peru. According to previously performed studies, there is evidence of the existence of gold, silver, copper and antimony in the area, specifically in the Canahuire deposit.
~~F-79~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements (continued)

The purchase and sale agreement considered a contingent consideration of US$23,026,000, which corresponds to the present value of the future royalty payments equivalent to 1.5 percent over the future sales of the minerals arising from the mining properties acquired. The fair value has been determined using the income approach.
Significant increase (decrease) in the future sales of mineral would result in higher (lower) fair value of the contingent consideration liability, while significant increase (decrease) in the discount rate would result in lower (higher) fair value of the liability. Changes in the fair value of this contingent consideration have been recognized through profit or loss in the consolidated statement of profit or loss.
As of December 31, 2017, it is highly probable that the Group reaches the projected future sales. The fair value of the contingent consideration determined as of December 31, 2017 reflects this assumption and changes in metal prices.
~~A reconciliation of fair value measurement of the contingent consideration liability is provided below:~~
2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Beginning balance 19,343 16,994 23,026
Variation of the fair value in results (1,773 ) 2,349 (6,032 )

Final balance 17,570 19,343 16,994
~~Significant unobservable valuation inputs are provided below:~~
2017 2016

Annual average of future sales of mineral (US$000) 193,588 233,278
Useful life of mining properties 13 13
Discount rate (%) 10 10
~~The Group has the preferential right of acquisition of the royalty in case Gold Fields decides to sell it.~~
27.
Finance costs and finance income
~~F-80~~
(a)
This caption is made up as follows:

2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Finance income:
Interest on time deposits 4,971 5,176 1,050
Dividends income 3,625 - -
Interests on third parties loans 460 561 813
Interests on loans to related parties, note 30(a) 86 92 1,685
Interests on tax claims 16 1,701 153
Other minor 517 340 43
9,675 7,870 3,744

Unrealized variation of the fair value related to contingent consideration liability (b) - 1,815 1,773

Total finance revenues 9,675 9,685 5,517
Finance costs:
Interest on borrowings 28,418 31,538 28,019
Tax on financial transactions 166 173 180
Interest on loans 1 2 1,053
Other minor 55 703 72
28,640 32,416 29,324

Accretion expense for mine closure, note 15(b) 10,390 4,982 4,318
Accrual of debt issuance costs, note 16(f) 2,109 1,024 909
Unrealized variation of the fair value related to contingent consideration liability (b) 655 - -
Accretion expense of leases liability 379 - -
Total finance costs 42,173 38,422 34,551

(b)
Contingent consideration -
On August 18, 2014, Buenaventura acquired from Minera Gold Fields Peru S.A. (“Gold Fields”) 51 percent of the voting shares of Canteras del Hallazgo S.A.C., which represent the whole interest of Gold Fields in the equity of such entity.
Through the fusion with Canteras del Hallazgo S.A.C, the Group is the owner of the Chucapaca project, which is located in the Ichuña district, in the General Sanchez Cerro province, in the Moquegua department, Peru. According to previously performed studies, there is evidence of the existence of gold, silver, copper and antimony in the area, specifically in the Canahuire deposit.
The purchase and sale agreement considered a contingent consideration of US$23,026,000, which corresponds to the present value of the future royalty payments equivalent to 1.5 percent over the future sales of the minerals arising from the mining properties acquired. The fair value of the future royalty payments was determined using the income approach.
Significant increase (decrease) in the future sales of mineral would result in higher (lower) fair value of the contingent consideration liability, while significant increase (decrease) in the discount rate would result in lower (higher) fair value of the liability. Changes in the fair value of this contingent consideration have been recognized through profit or loss in the consolidated statement of profit or loss.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
As of December 31, 2019, it is highly probable that the Group reaches the projected future sales. The fair value of the contingent consideration determined as of December 31, 2019 reflects this assumption and changes in metal prices.
A reconciliation of fair value measurement of the contingent consideration liability is provided below:
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Beginning balance 15,755 17,570 19,343

Variation of the fair value in results 655 (1,815 ) (1,773 )

Final balance 16,410 15,755 17,570
Significant unobservable valuation inputs are provided below:
2019 2018

Annual average of future sales of mineral (US$000) 190,815 193,906
Useful life of mining properties 14 13
Pre-tax discount rate (%) 10 10
The Group has the preferential right of acquisition of the royalty in case Gold Fields decides to sell it.
F-90
Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

28.
~~27.~~
Deferred income tax

(a)
The Group recognizes the effects of timing differences between the accounting and tax basis. This caption is made up as follows:

As of January 1,
2016 Credit (debit) to the
Consolidated
statement of
profit or loss Credit (debit) to
consolidated
statements of other
comprehensive
income As of
December 31,
2016 Credit (debit)
to the
Consolidated
statement of
profit or loss Credit (debit) to
consolidated
statements of
other
comprehensive
income As of
December 31,
2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Deferred asset for income tax included in results
Tax - loss carryforward 78,409 14,641 - 93,050 1,889 - 94,939
Difference in depreciation and amortization rates 52,377 8,506 - 60,883 734 - 61,617
Provision for closure of mining units, net 32,644 6,894 - 39,538 5,030 - 44,568
Impairment loss of long-lived assets 5,185 2,407 - 7,592 2,328 - 9,920
Environmental liability for Santa Barbara mine 1,556 13 - 1,569 (273 ) - 1,296
Other minor 14,866 (1,785 ) - 13,081 1,082 - 14,163
185,037 30,676 - 215,713 10,790 - 226,503

Less - Allowance for deferred asset (18,166 ) (18,846 ) - (37,012 ) (1,898 ) - (38,910 )
166,871 11,830 - 178,701 8,892 - 187,593

Deferred asset included in retained earnings
Derivative financial instruments 2,441 - (1,301 ) 1,140 - 7,963 9,103
169,312 11,830 (1,301 ) 179,841 8,892 7,963 196,696

Deferred assets for mining royalties and special mining tax included in results
Exploration expenses (326 ) 364 - 38 (38 ) - -
Other minors 185 (180 ) - 5 118 - 123
(141 ) 184 - 43 80 - 123
Total deferred asset 169,171 12,014 (1,301 ) 179,884 8,972 7,963 196,819

Deferred liability for income tax included in results
Effect of translation into U.S. dollars (73,537 ) 3,012 - (70,525 ) 24,502 - (46,023 )
Differences in amortization rates for development costs (32,304 ) (19,484 ) - (51,788 ) 6,095 - (45,693 )
Other minors (34,582 ) (9,403 ) - (43,985 ) (33,618 ) - (77,603 )
(140,423 ) (25,875 ) - (166,298 ) (3,021 ) - (169,319 )

Deferred liability for mining royalties and special mining tax
Other minors 164 (199 ) - (35 ) (126 ) - (161 )
164 (199 ) - (35 ) (126 ) - (161 )
Total deferred liability (140,259 ) (26,074 ) - (166,333 ) (3,147 ) - (169,480 )

Deferred income tax asset, net 28,912 (14,060 ) (1,301 ) 13,551 5,825 7,963 27,339
~~F-81~~

As of
January 1,
2018
Credit (debit) to consolidated
statement of
profit or loss
Credit (debit) to
consolidated
statements of
other
comprehensive
income
Others
movements
As of
December 31,
2018

Credit (debit) to
consolidated
statement of
profit or loss

Credit (debit)
to consolidated
statements of
other
comprehensive
income
Others
movements As of December 31,
2019
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Deferred asset for income tax
Tax - loss carryforward 94,939 10,919 - (396 ) 105,462 25,866 - - 131,328
Difference in depreciation and amortization rates 47,482 1,088 - - 48,570 37 - - 48,607
Provision for closure of mining units, net 19,793 7,423 - - 27,216 3,684 - - 30,900
Impairment loss of long-lived assets 9,920 (2,448 ) - - 7,472 576 - - 8,048
Other minor 15,459 5,369 - (147 ) 20,681 422 - 400 21,503
187,593 22,351 - (543 ) 209,401 30,585 - 400 240,386
Derivative financial instruments 9,103 - (9,103 ) - - - - -
196,696 22,351 (9,103 ) (543 ) 209,401 30,585 - 400 240,386
Deferred assets for mining royalties and special mining tax 123 (87 ) - - 36 (6 ) - - 30

Total deferred asset 196,819 22,264 (9,103 ) (543 ) 209,437 30,579 - 400 240,416

Deferred liability for income tax
Differences in amortization rates for development costs (45,693 ) (20,295 ) - (65,988 ) (3,357 ) - - (69,345 )
Effect of translation into U.S. dollars (46,023 ) (15,248 ) - (61,271 ) 14,995 - - (46,276 )
Other minors (77,603 ) 3,123 - (74,480 ) (4,550 ) - - (79,030 )
(169,319 ) (32,420 ) - (201,739 ) 7,088 - - (194,651 )

Derivative financial instruments - - (813 ) (813 ) - 813 - -
- - (813 ) (813 ) - 813 - -

Deferred liability for mining royalties and special mining tax (161 ) 159 - - (2 ) (166 ) - - (168 )

Total deferred liability (169,480 ) (32,261 ) (813 ) (202,554 ) 6,922 813 - (194,819 )

Deferred income tax asset, net 27,339 (9,997 ) (9,916 ) (543 ) 6,883 37,501 813 400 45,597

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

(b)
The deferred tax asset is presented in the consolidated statement of financial position:

2017 2016 2019 2018
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Deferred income tax asset, net 43,129 25,881 74,556 38,305
Deferred income tax liability, net (15,790 ) (12,330 ) Deferred income tax liability, net (28,959 ) (31,422 )
27,339 13,551 45,597 6,883

(c)
The following is the composition of the provision for income taxes shown in the consolidated statement of income for the years ~~2017, 2016~~2019, 2018 and ~~2015:~~2017:

2017 2016 2015 2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Income tax expense
Current (23,837 ) (39,444 ) (14,222 ) (11,851 ) (12,433 ) (18,780 )
Deferred 5,825 (14,060 ) (541 ) 37,617 (10,029 ) 5,984
(18,012 ) (53,504 ) (14,763 ) 25,766 (22,462 ) (12,796 )
Mining Royalties and Special Mining Tax
Current (60 ) (4,449 ) (4,933 )
Deferred (116 ) 32 (159 )
(176 ) (4,417 ) (5,092 )

Total income tax 25,590 (26,879 ) (17,888 )

(d)
Below is a reconciliation of tax expense and the accounting profit (loss) multiplied by the statutory tax rate for the years ~~2017, 2016~~2019, 2018 and ~~2015:~~2017:

2017 2016 2015 2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Profit (loss) before income tax 92,545 (255,237 ) (340,549 ) (43,535 ) 27,033 92,667
Loss before income tax for discontinued operations (10,098 ) (19,073 ) (20,230 )
Loss for discontinued operations (10,514 ) (11,808 ) (10,344 )

Profit (loss) before income tax 82,447 (274,310 ) (360,779 ) (54,049 ) 15,225 82,323

Theoretical loss (gain) for income tax 24,322 (76,807 ) (101,018 ) 15,944 (4,491 ) (24,285 )

Permanent items and others:
Effect of translation into U.S. dollars (24,502 ) (3,012 ) 42,044 14,995 (15,248 ) 24,502
Share in the results of associates (3,896 ) 102,290 48,545
Share in the results of associates and joint ventures 14,074 (337 ) 3,896
Permanent items (9,958 ) (3,466 ) (16,549 )
Unrecognized deferred tax asset (9,265 ) (2,038 ) (1,898 )
Mining royalties and special mining tax (1,538 ) 247 663 (24 ) 3,118 1,538
Permanent items 16,513 6,577 4,447
Allowance of deferred tax asset 1,898 18,846 13,929
Effect of change in income tax rate net - (1,431 ) 2,347
Income tax expense 12,797 46,710 10,957 25,766 (22,462 ) (12,796 )
Mining Royalties and Special Mining Tax 5,215 6,794 3,806 (176 ) (4,417 ) (5,092 )
Total income tax 18,012 53,504 14,763 25,590 (26,879 ) (17,888 )

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

(e)
Related to the investment in associates, the Group has not recognized a deferred income tax asset by US$~~257.3~~271.8 million as of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, originated by the difference between the financial and taxable basis of these investments (US$~~257.5~~277.0 million as of December 31, ~~2016)~~2018). Management believes that the timing differences will be reversed in the future without taxable effects. There is no legal or contractual obligation that would require the Company’s Management to sell its investment in its associates (which event would result in a taxable capital gain based on current tax law).
(f)
Deferred income tax asset is presented net of the portion unrecognized that the Group estimates will not be probable that taxable profits will be available against which the deferred tax asset can be utilized:

~~F-82~~

Total deferred
tax asset

Unrecognized deferred tax

Net deferred
tax asset

US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

As of December 31, 2019 -
Tax - loss carryforward 139,614 (8,152 ) 131,462
Difference in depreciation and amortization rates 68,151 (19,544 ) 48,607
Provision for closure of mining units, net 53,418 (22,518 ) 30,900
Impairment loss of long-lived assets 8,048 - 8,048
Other minor 21,369 - 21,369

Total income tax 290,600 (50,214 ) 240,386

As of December 31, 2018 -
Tax - loss carryforward 106,223 (761 ) 105,462
Difference in depreciation and amortization rates 68,114 (19,544 ) 48,570
Provision for closure of mining units, net 47,859 (20,643 ) 27,216
Impairment loss of long-lived assets 7,472 - 7,472
Other minor 20,681 - 20,681

Total income tax 250,349 (40,948 ) 209,401

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

29.
~~28.~~
Commitments and contingencies
Commitments
(a)
Environmental -
The Group’s exploration and exploitation activities are subject to environmental protection standards.
Law No. 28090 regulates the obligations and procedures that must be met by the holders of mining activities for the preparation, filing and implementation of Mine Closure Plans, as well as the establishment of the corresponding environmental guarantees to secure fulfillment of the investments, subject to the principles of protection, preservation and recovery of the environment.
Law No. 28271 regulates environmental liabilities in mining activities. This Law has the objective of ruling the identification of mining activity’s environmental liabilities and financing the remediation of the affected areas. According to this law, environmental liabilities refer to the impact caused to the environment by abandoned or inactive mining operations.
The Group considers that the recorded liability is sufficient to meet the current regulatory environment in Peru.
(b)
Leased concessions -
The Group pays 10 percent on the valued production of mineral obtained from the concessions leased by Sindicato Minero Orcopampa S.A. This concession is in force until the year 2043. The payments are included as royalties, see note 23.
(c)
Leases
Group as a lessee -
The Group has lease contracts for several of assets used in its operations. Leases of plant and machinery generally have lease terms between 1 and 3 years. The Group also has certain leases of machinery with lease terms of 12 months or less and leases of office equipment with low value. The Group applies the ‘short-term lease’ and ‘lease of low-value assets’ recognition exemptions for these leases.
The carrying amounts of the right-of-use assets and liabilities recognized and the movements during the period are presented in note 11 and note 16, respectively.
Contingencies
(d)
Legal procedures -
Buenaventura -
The Group is a party in legal procedures that have arisen in the normal course of its activities. Nevertheless, in the opinion of Buenaventura’s Management, none of these procedures, individually or as a whole, could result in material contingencies for the consolidated financial statements.

~~Commitments~~
~~(a)~~ ~~Environmental -~~
~~The Group’s exploration and exploitation activities are subject to environmental protection standards.~~
Law No. 28090 regulates the obligations and procedures that must be met by the holders of mining activities for the preparation, filing and implementation of Mine Closure Plans, as well as the establishment of the corresponding environmental guarantees to secure fulfillment of the investments, subject to the principles of protection, preservation and recovery of the environment.
Law No. 28271 regulates environmental liabilities in mining activities. This Law has the objective of ruling the identification of mining activity’s environmental liabilities and financing the remediation of the affected areas. According to this law, environmental liabilities refer to the impact caused to the environment by abandoned or inactive mining operations.
~~The Group considers that the recorded liability is sufficient to meet the current regulatory environment in Peru.~~
~~(b)~~ ~~Leased concessions -~~
~~The Group pays 10 percent on the valued production of mineral obtained from the concessions leased by Sindicato Minero Orcopampa S.A. This concession is in force until the year 2043. See note 23.~~
~~(c)~~ ~~Letter of guarantee granted by Buenaventura -~~
~~Letter of guarantee - Huanza~~
On December 2, 2009, Banco de Credito del Perú signed a finance lease contract for US$119 million with Consorcio Energético de Huancavelica S.A., Empresa de Generación Huanza S.A. and Buenaventura. This financing is in favor of Empresa de Generación Huanza S.A., and is guaranteed by Buenaventura. On February 8, 2016, the bank released the guarantee granted by Buenaventura.
.
~~F-83~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

~~(d)~~
~~Operating lease commitments (the~~
The possible contingencies amount to US$3.0 million and US$2.9 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Yanacocha -
Conga project Constitutional claim -
On October 18, 2012, Marco Antonio Arana Zegarra filed a constitutional claim against the Ministry of Energy and Mines and Yanacocha requesting the Court to order the suspension of the Conga project as well as to declare not applicable the October 27, 2010 directorial resolution approving the Conga Project Environmental Impact Assessment (“EIA”).
On October 23, 2012, a Cajamarca judge dismissed the claims based on formal grounds finding that: (i) plaintiffs had not exhausted previous administrative proceedings; (ii) the directorial resolution approving the Conga EIA is valid, and was not challenged when issued in the administrative proceedings; (iii) there was inadequate evidence to conclude that the Conga project is a threat to the constitutional right of living in an adequate environment and; (iv) the directorial resolution approving the Conga project EIA does not guarantee that the Conga project will proceed, so there was no imminent threat to be addressed by the Court. The plaintiffs appealed the dismissal of the case. The Civil Court of the Superior Court of Cajamarca confirmed the above mentioned resolution and the plaintiff presented an appeal.
On March 13, 2015, the Constitutional Court published its ruling stating that the case should be sent back to the first court with an order to formally admit the case and start the judicial process in order to review the claim and the proofs presented by the plaintiff. Yanacocha has answered the claim. Yanacocha cannot reasonably predict the outcome of this litigation. The Group ashas not established a ~~lessee)~~provision in the accompanying financial statements for a loss arising from this contingency, which it does not consider probable.
Environmental contingences -
The Peruvian government agency responsible for environmental evaluation and inspection, “Organismo Evaluacion y Fiscalizacion Ambiental” (“OEFA”), conducts periodic reviews of the Yanacocha site. From 2011 to 2019, OEFA issued notices of alleged violations of OEFA standards to the Company relating to past inspections. OEFA has resolved with minimal or no findings.
In 2015 and 2016, the Autoridad Nacional del Agua of Cajamarca issued notices of alleged regulatory violations, and resolved some allegations in 2017 with no findings. The experience with OEFA and the Autoridad Nacional del Agua is that in the case of a finding of violation, remedial action is often the outcome rather than a significant fine.
The alleged OEFA violations currently range from zero to 17,642 tax units and the Autoridad Nacional del Agua alleged violations range from zero to 10 tax units, being each tax unit equivalent to approximately US$1,260 based on current exchange rates. Yanacocha is responding to all notices of alleged violations, but cannot reasonably predict the outcome of the agency allegations with potential fine for pending matters of US$0 to US$22.2, which it does not consider probable.
The Group has entered into operating leases on its administrative offices in Lima located in Las Begonias Street N°415, San Isidro, Lima, Peru, with a lease term of 10 years since the year 2013. The Group has the option to lease the assets for two additional term of 5 years each.
~~Future minimum rentals payable as of December 31 are the following:~~
2017 2016
US$(000) US$(000)

Within one year 1,543 1,543
After one year but not more than five years 6,173 6,173
More than five years 1,157 2,701

8,873 10,417
~~(e)~~ ~~Operating lease commitments (the Group as a lessee) -~~
~~The Group leases for several of its assets. These leases have purchase options. Below is a table showing future minimum lease payments and the present value of these payments:~~
2017 2016
Minimum
payments Present
value of
payments Minimum
payments Present
value of
payments
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Within a year 56,915 40,224 57,592 40,428
After one year but not more than five years 267,962 241,651 318,643 281,192

Total minimum lease payments 324,877 281,875 376,235 321,620

Less - amounts representing finance charges (43,002 ) - (54,615 ) -

Present value of minimum lease payments 281,875 281,875 321,620 321,620
~~Contingencies~~
~~(f)~~ ~~Legal procedures -~~
~~Buenaventura -~~
Buenaventura is a party in legal procedures that have arisen in the normal course of its activities. Nevertheless, in the opinion of Buenaventura’s Management, none of these procedures, individually or as a whole, could result in material contingencies for the consolidated financial statements.
~~The possible contingencies amount to US$1.1 million and US$9.9 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.~~

~~F-84~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

~~Minera Yanacocha S.R.L.~~
~~Conga Project Constitutional Claim~~
On October 18, 2012, Marco Antonio Arana Zegarra filed a constitutional claim against the Ministry of Energy and Mines and Yanacocha requesting the Court to order the suspension of the Conga project as well as to declare not applicable the October 27, 2010 directorial resolution approving the Conga project Environmental Impact Assessment (“EIA”). On October 23, 2012, a Cajamarca judge dismissed the claims based on formal grounds finding that: (i) plaintiffs had not exhausted previous administrative proceedings; (ii) the directorial resolution approving the Conga EIA is valid, and was not challenged when issued in the administrative proceedings; (iii) there was inadequate evidence to conclude that the Conga project is a threat to the constitutional right of living in an adequate environment and; (iv) the directorial resolution approving the Conga project EIA does not guarantee that the Conga project will proceed, so there was no imminent threat to be addressed by the Court. The plaintiffs appealed the dismissal of the case. The Civil Court of the Superior Court of Cajamarca confirmed the above mentioned resolution and the plaintiff presented an appeal. On March 13, 2015, the Constitutional Court published its ruling stating that the case should be sent back to the first court with an order to formally admit the case and start the judicial process in order to review the claim and the proofs presented by the plaintiff. Yanacocha has answered the claim. Yanacocha cannot reasonably predict the outcome of this litigation.
(e)
Open tax procedures –
Buenaventura –

~~Environmental contingencies~~
The Peruvian government agency responsible for environmental evaluation and inspection, Organismo Evaluacion y Fiscalizacion Ambiental (“OEFA”), conducts periodic reviews of the Yanacocha site. In 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016 and 2017, OEFA issued notices of alleged violations of OEFA standards to Yanacocha relating to past inspections. OEFA has resolved with minimal or no findings.
In 2015 and 2016, the water authority of Cajamarca issued notices of alleged regulatory violations, and resolved some allegations in 2017 with no findings. The experience with OEFA and the water authority is that in the case of a finding of violation, remedial action is often the outcome rather than a significant fine.
The alleged OEFA violations currently range from zero to 11,310 tax units and the water authority alleged violations range from zero to 10,054 tax units, being each tax unit equivalent to approximately US$1,224 based on current exchange rates. Yanacocha is responding to all notices of alleged violations, but cannot reasonably predict the outcome of the agency allegations.
~~(g)       Open tax procedures –~~
~~Buenaventura -~~
During 2012 and 2014, SUNAT reviewed the income tax for 2007 and 2008. As a result, SUNAT does not recognize tax declared deductions by S/1,056,310,000 (equivalent to US$325,516,000) in the year 2007 and S/1,530,985,000 (equivalent to US$471,798,000)
-
During 2012 and 2014, the “Superintendencia Nacional de Aduanas y de Administración Tributaria” (SUNAT) reviewed the income tax for 2007 and 2008. As a result, SUNAT does not recognize tax declared deductions by S/1,056,310,000 (equivalent to US$318,453,000) in the year 2007 and S/1,530,985,000 (equivalent to US$461,557,000) for the year 2008. The main unrecognized deduction is the payment made for the removal of the price component of its commercial contracts of gold. In the opinion of management and its legal counsel, the objections are unfounded so Buenaventura should get a favorable result in the initiated claim process.
In November 2018, the Tax Court resolved the appeal proceedings not recognizing the contracts of physical deliveries and the contractual obligation and considers that the payments correspond to an advance financial settlement of Contracts of Derivative Financial Instruments and that the Company would not have accredited the purpose of hedge and the risks covered. TheCompany’s Managementwith the support of its legal advisers initiated various administrative and judicial actions to present their arguments and defend their rights.
These disputes would be resolved in judicial instances in the Judicial Power. As of December 31,2019,the total possible contingencies related to these audits amount toS/1,514million (equivalent toUS$456million).
-
During 2015, SUNAT reviewed the income tax of 2009 and 2010. As a result, they did not recognize Buenaventura declared tax deductions by S/76,023,000 (equivalent to US$22,919,000) and the compensation of tax losses for S/561,758,000 (equivalent to US$169,357,000). The main unrecognized deductions by Buenaventura are: the non-deductibility of bonuses paid to contractors, a provision of doubtful accounts not accepted as an expense and income unduly deducted. In the opinion of Management and its legal counsel, Buenaventura should get a favorable result in the initiated claim process.
In December 2018, the Tax Court resolved the appeal files confirming reparations for S/70,277,000 (equivalent to US$21,187,000) basically related to the provision for collection of doubtful debts as an expense and unfounded income unduly deducted. To date, the Company’s Management, with the support of its legal advisors, has initiated administrative and judicial actions to present its arguments and make its rights prevail. These disputes would be resolved in judicial instances in the Judicial Power. As of December 31, 2019, the total possible contingencies related to these audits amount to S/515 million (equivalent to US$155 million).

~~F-85~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

During 2015, SUNAT reviewed the income tax of 2009 and 2010. As a result, they did not recognize Buenaventura declared tax deductions by S/76,023,000 (equivalent to US$23,428,000). The main unrecognized deductions by Buenaventura are: the non-deductibility of bonuses paid to contractors, a provision of doubtful accounts not accepted as an expense and income unduly deducted. The possible contingencies for the year 2009 and 2010 amount to S/607,721,000 (equivalent to US$187,279,000) as of December 31, 2017.
In December 2019, Tax Administration initiated actions of forced collection of interest and fines for the reliquidation that it has made of prepayments from January to December 2009 and January to February 2010. These are based on the 2007 and 2008 annual tax fiscal years, which were recalculated by SUNAT with the objections mentioned in the first and second paragraphs and which are questioned in the judicial process. On December 20, 2019, SUNAT executed the forced collection of debt amounting to S/120,262,000 (equivalent to US$36,322,000). In opinion of the legal advisors of the Company, favorable results should be obtained in the judicial process that has been initiated, therefore an account receivable have been registered in the heading “Trade and other accounts receivable, net”, see note 7(g).
-
During the year 2018, the Tax Administration has audited the income tax declaration for 2014. As a result of this audit, SUNAT does not recognize the Company deductions declared for S/94,898,000 (equivalent to US$28,610,000). The main disagreements are related to the non-deductibility of bonus paid to contractors, which also affects the compensation of tax losses that can be withheld and the use of balances in favor that are not recognized by SUNAT. In the opinion of the Management and its legal advisors, these repairs are not supported, so that a favorable result in the claim process that they have initiated will be obtained.
-
During the year 2019, the Tax Administration reviewed the income tax of the year 2013. As a result, SUNAT did not recognize Buenaventura declared tax deductions by S/148,730,000 (equivalent to US$44,839,000). The main unrecognized deductions by Buenaventura are the non-deductibility of bonuses paid to contractors, the compensation of tax losses that can be withheld and the use of balances in favor that are not recognized by SUNAT. In the opinion of Management and its legal counsel, Buenaventura should get a favorable result in the initiated claim process.
-
During the year 2019,the Tax Administration reviewed the income tax of the year2014.As a result, SUNAT did not recognize Buenaventura declared tax deductions related to the non-deductibility of bonus paid to contractorsfor S/2,067,000 (equivalent toUS$623,000).In the opinion of Management and its legal counsel, Buenaventura should get a favorable result in the initiated claim process.
TheCompany’s Managementand its legal advisors are of the opinion that the results of the procedures in the various instances will be favorable to the Company, which is why they consider that it is not necessary to recognize any provision for these contingencies.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

~~Subsidiaries –~~
~~Buenaventura Ingenieros S.A. -~~
During 2015, SUNAT reviewed the income tax of the subsidiary Buenaventura Ingenieros S.A (BISA) for the fiscal years 2011 and 2012. The main unrecognized deductions are related to the deduction of bonuses paid to staff as well as the omission of income from transfer of fuel to suppliers. These deductions amount to S/20,934,000 (equivalent to US$6,451,000).
In 2016, SUNAT partially resolved the claim process related to the deduction of bonuses paid to staff for S/12,611,000 (equivalent to US$3,886,000). In addition, SUNAT requires the payment of the value added tax related to presumably omitted income from transfer of fuel to suppliers, which are currently in process of appeal to the Tax Court.
The possible contingencies for income tax for the years 2011 and 2012 amount to S/6,252,000 (equivalent to US$1,927,000) and for the value added tax amount to S/4,077,000 (equivalent to US$1,256,000) as of December 31, 2017. In the opinion of Management of this subsidiary and its legal advisors, BISA should get a favorable result in the initiated claim process initiated in 2016 (for income tax of the year 2011 and 2012 and the valued added tax of the years 2011 and 2012).
~~Sociedad Minera El Brocal S.A.A. -~~
-
Subsidiaries –
Sociedad Minera El Brocal S.A.A. –
-
On May 30, 2014, SUNAT issued tax and fines assessments for the 2011 income tax of El Brocal. Within the terms of law, El Brocal filed an appeal that is pending resolution to date. It should be noted that on June 18, 2014, El Brocal decided to pay under protest the income tax assessment by S/8,333,000 (equivalent to US$~~2,568,000)~~2,512,000) so it can have access to a discount benefit of the fine. This payment is recorded as anpart of account ~~receivable.~~receivables as “Trade and other accounts receivable, net”, see note 7(g).

-
-
On January 8, 2015, SUNAT notified to the subsidiary El Brocal a tax assessment for the 2012 income tax, which was claimed by the subsidiary and rejected by SUNAT. In addition, SUNAT notified a tax assessment for income tax pre-payments from January to December 2012, which amounts to S/4,030,000 (equivalent to US$~~1,241,000)~~1,215,000). El Brocal has filed an appeal to the Tax Court, which is pending resolution.
-
On June 14, 2017, the Tax Administration notified El Brocal determinations and fine resolutions as a result of the inspection procedure initiated by the 2013 income tax where the balances in favor and the taxable tax loss are repaired. These resolutions were claimed without favorable results. On January 24, 2018, El Brocal filed the appeal before the Tax Court.
-
On May 13, 2019, the Tax Court notified El Brocal through Resolution No. 3062-3-2019 that accumulated the appeal files of the taxable years 2011, 2012 and 2013; and resolves to nullify the repair of the expense for food and confirms the observations related to the loss by derivative financial instruments and the expense of the payment in mining royalties of the 2011 fiscal year and its incidence in the 2012 and 2013 fiscal years.
As a result of the resolution, the Tax Administration has notified compliance resolutions by relieving income tax and the effects on payments on account for the years 2011, 2012 and 2013. The Brocal has filed an appeal to the Tax Court.
On August 9, 2019, El Brocal filed an administrative contentious lawsuit against the decision of the Tax Court since El Brocal had credited with reliable documentation the basis for the observations on the loss in derivative financial instruments and mining royalties.
As of December 31, 2019, the possible contingencies held by El Brocal amount to S/7,014,000 (equivalent to US$2,114,000).
El Brocal’s legal advisors believe that the outcome of these proceedings will be favorable and therefore, it is not necessary to recognize a provision for these contingencies.

~~The possible contingencies amount to S/7,562,000 (equivalent to US$2,330,000) as of December 31, 2017.~~
~~El Brocal's legal advisors believe that the outcome of these proceedings will be favorable and therefore, it is not necessary to recognize a provision for these contingencies.~~
~~F-86~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

~~Minera La Zanja S.R.L. -~~
During the years 2016 and 2017, SUNAT audited the income tax for 2013 of the subsidiary Minera La Zanja SRL. As a result, SUNAT does not recognize deductions declared for S/42,289,000 (equivalent to US$13,032,000)
During the year 2019, the Tax Administration has reviewed the income tax stament for the year 2015. As a result of this review, SUNAT has verified on December 31, 2019 the determination and fine resolutions where it questions the depreciation rate of two tailings and the deduction of the development costs of Smelter Project for a total S/13,930,000 (equivalent to US$4,200,000) determining a debt of S /3,412,000 (equivalent to US$1,029,000). The Management of El Brocal and its legal advisors considered that the reparations are not supported by what they have started the claim process.
On January 27, 2020, El Brocal has canceled the fine resolution with the resolution to benefit from the reduction of the fine. The amount disbursed of S/1,456,000 (equivalent to US$439,000) has been recorded as an account receivable in the financial statements of El Brocal.
Minera La Zanja S.R.L. -
During the years 2016, 2017 and 2018, SUNAT audited the income tax for the years 2013 and 2015; as a result, SUNAT does not recognize deductions declared for La Zanja. The main challenge is related to the deduction of development costs incurred for S/2,952,000 (equivalent to US$890,000) as of December 31, 2019 (S/2,692,000 equivalent to US$797,000 as of December 31, 2018). In Management´s opinion and its legal advisors, this interpretation is not supported and the subsidiary would obtain a favorable result in the claim process that has started.
Empresa de Generación Huanza S.A. -
During 2015, SUNAT audited the 2014 income tax of the subsidiary Huanza. As a result, a portion of the depreciation of its fixed assets is not recognized for S/27,532,000 (equivalent to US$8,300,000). The possible contingency amounts to S/6,999,000 (equivalent to US$2,110,000) as of December 31, 2019 (S/6,396,000 equivalent to US$1,893,000 as of December 31, 2018). In the opinion of Huanza´ Management and its legal advisors, this interpretation has no basis and therefore, Huanza would obtain a favorable result in the appeal process that has begun.
Río Seco S.A.-
The Customs Division of the SUNAT has determined an alleged omission in the payment of the General Sales Tax of S/1,815,000 (equivalent to US$547,000) in an import made in 2012 of certain equipment for the construction of The Industrial Plant. SUNAT supported its position that Rio Seco should have included the amount of the consideration paid by Río Seco for the engineering services provided by its suppliers abroad in the customs value. In the opinion of Management and its legal advisors, this observation is not substantiated and a favorable ruling should be obtained in the complaint and appeal process.
On March 13, 2019, the Tax Court notified Resolution No. 0844-A-2019 that confirmed the observation of the Tax Administration.

Notes to the deduction of development costs incurred for S/39,755,000 (equivalent to US$12,251,000). The possible contingency amounts to S/9,344,000 (equivalent to US$2,880,000) as of December 31, 2017. In Management´s opinion and its legal advisors, this interpretation is not supported and the subsidiary would obtain a favorable result in the claim process that has started.
~~Empresa de Generación Huanza S.A. -~~
During 2015, SUNAT audited the 2014 income tax of the subsidiary Empresa de Generación Huanza S.A. (Huanza). As a consequence, a portion of the depreciation of its fixed assets is not recognized for S/27,532,000 (equivalent to US$8,484,000). The possible contingency amounts to S/5,790,000 (equivalent to US$1,784,000) as of December 31, 2017. In the opinion of the Management and its legal advisors, this interpretation has no basis and therefore, Huanza would obtain a favorable result in the appeal process that has begun.consolidated financial statements(continued)

~~Other subsidiaries -~~
In addition, SUNAT has issued tax assessments as a result of the audit of income taxes of other subsidiaries for S/10,747,000 (equivalent to US$3,312,000). The possible contingencies amount to S/9,042,000 (equivalent to US$2,786,000) as of December 31, 2017. In the opinion of the Management and its legal advisors, the assessments are of possible occurrence; however, the subsidiaries expect to obtain a favorable outcome in the appeal processes initiated.
~~Associates -~~
~~Cerro Verde -~~
On May 17, 2019, the Tax Administration initiated the coercive collection actions of the tax debt. Río Seco initiated several administrative and judicial actions to suspend the collection, without favorable results. During July to September 2019, Tax Administration has executed the forced collection of the tax debt amounting to S/11,153,000 (equivalent to US$3,368,000), see note 7(g). In the opinion of the legal advisors of Río Seco, a favorable result should be obtained in the judicial process that has been initiated, so that said collection has been recorded in the heading “Trade and other receivables, net”.
On June 13, 2019, Rio Seco has filed an administrative contentious lawsuit against the Tax Court’s Resolution so that the Judicial Power declares its nullity and ignore the Tax Administration’s objection.
Other subsidiaries -
In addition, SUNAT has issued tax assessments as a result of the audit of income taxes of other subsidiaries for S/4,654,000 (equivalent to US$1,403,000). In the opinion of the Management and its legal advisors, the assessments are of possible occurrence; however, the subsidiaries expect to obtain a favorable outcome in the appeal processes initiated.
Associates-
Cerro Verde -
Mining Royalties
On June 23, 2004, Law ~~N °~~ 28528 ~~- Law of Mining Royalty~~ was approved, by which requires the ~~owners~~holder of ~~the mining concessions had~~a mineral concession to ~~be paid, as financial compensation~~pay a royalty in return for the exploitation of metallic and non-metallic ~~mineral resources, a mining~~minerals. The royalty ~~that was determined applying~~is calculated using rates ~~that change between~~ranging from 1% ~~and~~to 3% onof the value of ~~the~~ concentrate or its equivalent according to the international price ~~quotation~~ of the ~~international market~~commodity published by the Ministry of Energy and Mines. ~~Based on the contract of the guarantee signed in 1998,~~Prior to January 1, 2014, Cerro Verde determined that ~~the payment of mining~~these royalties ~~was~~were not applicable because it ~~was~~operated under the ~~contribution after the signing of the contract of the Law of Conquest of~~1998 Stability Agreement with the Peruvian ~~Government.~~government. However, ~~under the terms of its new guarantee contract, which became effective on~~beginning January 1, 2014, Cerro Verde began paying royalties calculated on operating income with rates between 1% to ~~pay mining royalties~~12% and a new special mining tax for ~~all~~ its entire production ~~based on Law No. 29788,~~basis under its current 15-year stability agreement, which ~~it is calculated on the operating profit with rates that fluctuate between 1% and 12%.~~became effective January 1, 2014.

SUNAT ~~the Peruvian tax authority, has~~ assessed mining royalties on materials processed by the Cerro Verde´s concentrator, which commenced operations in late 2006. These assessments cover the period December 2006 to December ~~2007, and the years 2008 and September 2011.SUNAT issued resolutions declaring the claims of~~2013. Cerro Verde ~~unfounded~~contested each of these assessments because it believes that its 1998 stability agreement exempts from royalties all minerals extracted from its mining concession, irrespective of the method used for ~~the periods 2006 to 2009~~.processing such minerals. No assessments can be issued for years after 2013, as Cerro Verde ~~appealed those decisions~~began paying royalties on all of its production in January 2014 under its new 15-year stability agreement.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
On October 29, 2019, Cerro Verde completed the payments of disputed assessments related to ~~the Tax Court. On June 20, 2013, the Peruvian Tax Tribunal issued two decisions affirming assessments~~mining royalties for the period December 2006 ~~through~~to December ~~2008. Decisions by the Tax Tribunal ended the administrative stage of the appeal procedures for these assessments.~~
~~F-87~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~On September 18, 2013,~~2008 that were under an installment program since 2014. Under that installment program, Cerro Verde ~~filed two contentious administrative claims before~~made payments totaling S/711.1 million (US$221.9 million based on the ~~judiciary against~~date of payment exchange rate and US$214.4 million based on the ~~decisions of the Tax Court that dismissed the appeals filed. In connection with demands for the periods~~ December 2006 to December 2007, the Twentieth Specialized Administrative Litigation Court in the Court dismissed the claim filed. On May 2, 2016, Cerro Verde filed an appeal with the Seventh Administrative Litigation Chamber. In July 2017, the Chamber resolved to confirm the decision of first instance, which declared the Cerro Verde claim unfounded. On August 9, 2017, Cerro Verde filed an appeal before the Supreme Court against this decision.31, 2019, exchange rate).

With respect to the judiciary appeal related to ~~the assessment~~disputed royalty assessments for the year ~~2008,~~2006-2007, on ~~December 17, 2014,~~August 9, 2017, the ~~Eighteenth~~Cerro Verde filed a cassation appeal before the Supreme Court against the resolution issued by the Seventh Contentious Administrative Court, ~~rendered its~~which was admitted in December 2017. The oral hearing before the Supreme Court took place on November 20, 2018 and their decision ~~upholding~~is pending.
In September 2018, the ~~Company’s position~~Peruvian Tax Tribunal confirmed SUNAT’s resolution that ordered the payment of royalties and ~~nullifying SUNAT’s assessment~~denied the Cerro Verde’s request to waive penalties and interest for the period January 2009 through September 2011. Cerro Verde elected not to appeal the Tax Tribunal´s resolution (S/106.4 million). The Judgment also annulled all fines and interest bounded by SUNAT for that period (S/139.7 million). In December 2014, SUNAT appealed this decision. On January 29, 2016, the Sixth Superior Justice Court nullified the decision of the Eighteenth Contentious Administrative Court. On February 23, 2016, Cerro Verde appealed theTribunal’s decision to the ~~Supreme Court.~~Peruvian Judiciary and in early 2020, Cerro Verde initiated international arbitration.

On October ~~1, 2013,~~2018, SUNAT ~~served~~notified Cerro Verde ~~a demand~~demands for ~~payment totaling S/492 million (approximately US$151.5 million based on the December 31, 2017 exchange rate, including interest and penalties of US$89.2 million)~~payments based on the Tax Tribunal’s decisions for the period ~~December 2006~~January 2009 to ~~December 2008. As permitted by law,~~September 2011. Cerro Verde requested, and was granted two installment payment programs, including a six-month deferral and 66 equal monthly payments for each one, for the period January 2009 through September 2011. Total debt as of December 31, 2019 is S/1.0 billion (approximately US$314.1 million based on the December 31, 2019, exchange rate, including deferred interest, interest and penalties of US$202.8 million). As of December 31, 2019 Cerro Verde has made payments totaling S/315.1 million (US$94.7 million based on the date of payment exchange rate and US$95.0 million based on the December 31, 2019, exchange rate).
On January 18, 2018, Cerro Verde received assessments from SUNAT related to mining royalties for the fourth quarter of 2011, on February 15, 2018, Cerro Verde appealed these assessments and SUNAT issued resolutions denying this appeal. On November 21, 2018, Cerro Verde appealed SUNAT’s resolution to the Tax Court. On December 4, 2019, Cerro Verde received a resolution denying the appeal of assessments for the fourth quarter of 2011. On December 18, 2019, SUNAT notified Cerro Verde of its demands for payment and on December 26, 2019, Cerro Verde paid the total debt of S/57.6 million (US$17.3 million based on the date of payment exchange rate and US$17.4 million based on the December 31, 2019, exchange rate). Also, on January 18, 2018, Cerro Verde received assessments from SUNAT related to special mining tax from the fourth quarter of 2011 to the fourth quarter of 2012. Cerro Verde appealed these assessments and SUNAT issued resolutions denying this appeal. Consequently, Cerro Verde appealed these assessments to the Tax Court which was also denied the appeal in July 2019. Cerro Verde then requested, and was granted an installment payment program, ~~that deferred payment for six months~~including a six-month deferral and ~~thereafter satisfies the amount via~~ 66 equal monthly ~~payments. As~~payments, for the fourth quarter of 2011 through the fourth quarter of 2012. Total debt as of December 31, ~~2017, Cerro Verde has made payments totaling~~2019, is S/~~459.7 million (US$145.9 million based on the date of payment and US$141.7 million based on December 31, 2017 exchange rates),~~
In July 2013, a hearing on SUNAT's assessment for 2009 was held, but no decision has been issued by the Tax Tribunal for that year. As of December 31, 2017, the amount of the assessment, including interest and penalties, for the year 2009 was S/289.2255.8 million (approximately US$~~89.1~~77.1 million based on the December 31, ~~2017 exchange rate).~~
On March 1, 2017 SUNAT declared the claim raised by Cerro Verde unfounded. On March 22, 2017, Cerro Verde filed an appeal with the Tax Court against the decision that declared the claim unfounded. As of December 31, 2017, the amount of the annotations by SUNAT including interest and penalties for the year 2010 and from January 2011 to September 2011 is S/586.5 million (approximately US$180.7 million at the closing2019, exchange rate, ~~as of December 31, 2017,~~ including deferred interest, interest and penalties of US$~~99.9~~40.5 million).
~~On January 18, 2018, SUNAT notified~~ Payments for this installment program will start in the ~~resolution determination for royalties for the fourth~~first quarter of 2011. Cerro Verde will file a complaint with the SUNAT against said resolutions. As of December 31, 2017, the amount of the annotations by SUNAT including interest and penalties for the fourth quarter of 2011 is S/49.8 million (approximately US$15.3 million at the year-end exchange rate as of December 31, 2017, including interests and penalties for US$7.8 million).2020.

~~F-88~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued) ~~(continued)~~

On April 18, 2018, Cerro Verde received assessments from SUNAT related to mining royalties for the year 2012. On May 17, 2018, Cerro Verde appealed these assessments. On January 23, 2019, Cerro Verde received a resolution issued by SUNAT denying the appeal of assessments for the year 2012. Cerro Verde decided not to appeal these resolutions. Cerro Verde requested, and was granted an installment payment program, including a six-month deferral and 66 equal monthly payments, for the year 2012. Total debt as of December 31, 2019, is S/266.1 million (approximately US$80.2 million based on the December 31, 2019, exchange rate, including deferred interest, interest and penalties of US$45.7 million). Cerro Verde has made payments totaling S/65.7 million (US$19.5 million based on the date of payment exchange rate and US$19.8 million based on the December 31, 2019, exchange rate).
On October 10, 2018, Cerro Verde received assessments from SUNAT related to mining royalties and special mining tax for the year 2013. On November 7, 2018, Cerro Verde appealed these assessments. On May 28, 2019, Cerro Verde received resolutions issued by SUNAT denying the appeal of these assessments for the year 2013. Cerro Verde decided not to appeal these resolutions. Cerro Verde requested, and was granted two installment payment programs, including a six-month deferral and 66 equal monthly payments for each one, for the year 2013. As of December 31, 2019, the amount of these assessments, including interest and penalties for mining royalties for the year 2013 is S/183.9 million (approximately US$55.4 million based on the December 31, 2019, exchange rate including interest and penalties of US$29.5 million) and for the special mining tax for the year 2013 is S/151.0 million (approximately US$45.5 million based on the December 31, 2019, exchange rate including interest and penalties of US$22.1 million). Payments for these installment programs will start in the first quarter of 2020.
In December 2017, as a result of the unfavorable Supreme Court decision on the 2008 royalty matter, Cerro Verde requested the return of the amounts that would have been in excess for FONAVI (National Housing Fund) (December 2012 to December 2013), GEM (fourth quarter 2011 until the fourth quarter 2012) and customs duties (2013).

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
Other assessments received from SUNAT
Cerro Verde has also received assessments from SUNAT for additional taxes (other than the mining royalty and special mining tax), including penalties and interest. Cerro Verde has filed objections to the assessments because it believes it has properly determined and paid its taxes. A summary of these assessments follows:
Taxes Penalty and
interest Total
Year US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

2003 - 2005 8,857 39,196 48,053
2006 10,990 51,943 62,933
2007 12,376 17,845 30,221
2008 20,797 12,968 33,765
2009 56,388 51,219 107,607
2010 62,581 107,324 169,905
2011 49,055 65,189 114,244
2012 51,981 11,257 63,238
2014 - 2019 38,975 - 38,975

312,000 356,941 668,941
As of December 31, 2019, Cerro Verde has paid US$396.5 million from which US$186.6 million Cerro Verde considers will be recovered.
Yanacocha -
The Tax Administration challenged the withholding tax rate applied on the technical assistance services provided by a non-resident supplier in the years 2002 and 2003. The services were executed in Peru and also abroad; however, Yanacocha was not able to prove that during the tax audit. Based on that, the Tax Administration considers that the services were wholly executed in Peru; therefore, the withholding tax rate should be 30% instead of 12%. Currently there is no contingency in this regard. The tax liability has been paid by Yanacocha.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
In 2000, Yanacocha paid a total of US$29 million to assume their respective contractual positions in mining concession agreements with Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca S.M.R.L. The contractual rights allowed Yanacocha the opportunity to conduct exploration on the concessions, but not a purchase of the concessions. The tax authority alleges that the payments were acquisitions of mining concessions requiring the amortization of the amounts under the Peru Mining Law over the life of the mine. Yanacocha expensed the amounts at issue in the initial year since the payments were not for the acquisition of a concession but rather these expenses represent the payment of an intangible and therefore, amortizable in a single year or proportionally for up to ten years according to Income Tax Law. In 2010, the Tax Court in Peru ruled in favor of Yanacocha and the tax authority appealed the issue to the judiciary. The first appellate court confirmed the ruling of the Tax Court in favor of Yanacocha. However, in November, 2015, a Superior Court in Peru made an appellate decision overturning the two prior findings in favor of Yanacocha. Yanacocha has appealed the Superior Court ruling to the Peru Supreme Court. On January 18, 2019, the Peru Supreme Court issued notice that three judges support the position of the tax authority and two judges support the position of Yanacocha. Because four votes are required for a final decision, an additional judge was selected to issue a decision and the parties conducted oral arguments in April 2019. In early February 2020, the additional judge ruled in favor of the tax authority, finalizing a decision of the Peru Supreme Court against Yanacocha. Yanacocha will file an action objecting to the fines and interest associated with the underlying decision of the Peru Supreme Court. The potential liability in this matter is in the form of fines and interest in an amount up to US$61 million. It is not possible to fully predict the outcome of this litigation.
(f) Uncertain tax treatment –
The Group determines whether to consider each uncertain tax treatment separately or together with one or more other uncertain tax treatments and uses the approach that better predicts the resolution of the uncertainty. The Group determined, based on its tax compliance and transfer pricing study that it is probable that its tax treatments (including those for the subsidiaries) will be accepted by the taxation authorities.
Letters of credit
(g) Letters of credit –
The Group maintains letters of credit with regional governmets and others for US$361,000.
(h) Letters of credit solidarity –
As of December 31, 2019, the Group maintains letters of credit solidarity in favor of the Ministry of Energy and Mines for amount of US$557,000 and US$23,696,000, a favor from its subsidiary Compañía Minera Colquirrumi S.A. and its associate Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A., respectively.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
30. Transactions with related companies
(a) The Group has carried out the following transactions with its related companies in the years 2019, 2018 and 2017:
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Associates -
Revenues from:
Royalties 22,297 20,385 20,739
Energy 3,181 3,002 2,137
Supplies 1,259 27 4
Mineral 683 1,321 1,414
Mining concessions, property, plant and equipment 11 30 336

Purchase of:
Supplies 9 44 27

Services rendered to:
Services of energy transmission 287 393 559
Operation and maintenance services related to energy transmission 287 �� 290 593
Administrative and Management services 359 214 149
Engineering services - 348 1,119
Constructions services 4 - 1,332

Dividends received and collected from:
Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A. 29,377 39,169 -
Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A. 4,011 7,623 9,823

Loans collected from:
Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A. - - 124,800

Interest income:
Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A. - - 1,685

Joint Venture -
Interest income:
Transportadora Callao S.A. 86 92 -

Non-controlling shareholders -
Dividends paid to:
Newmont Peru Limited - Sucursal del Perú 6,500 5,560 6,036
Terms and conditions of transactions with related parties
Purchase transactions and services with related parties are made at market prices. Outstanding balances at year-end are unsecured and interest free and settlement occurs in cash. There have been no guarantees provided or received for any related party receivables or payables.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
(b) As a result of the ~~Supreme Court's unfavorable decision regarding~~transactions indicated in the ~~mining royalties~~paragraph (a), the Group had the following accounts receivable and payable from/to associates:
2019 2018
US$(000) US$(000)
Trade and other receivables, note 7(a)

Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. 5,920 6,791
Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A. 327 386
6,247 7,177
Other receivables, note 7(a)
Transportadora Callao S.A. 1,951 2,471
Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A. 1,016 1,234
2,967 3,705
9,214 10,882
Trade and other payables, note 14(a)
Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A. 27 36
Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A. 2 -
29 36
Other payables, note 14(a)
Other minor 51 20
80 56
As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, there is no allowance for expected credit losses related to related parties accounts.
(c) S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca -
In accordance with mining lease, amended and effective on January 1, 1994, Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. pays the Group a 3% royalty based on quarterly production sold at current market prices, after deducting refinery and transportation costs. The royalty agreement expires in 2032.
(d) Key officers -
As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, loans to employees, directors and key personnel amounts to US$31,000 and US$19,000, respectively, are paid monthly and earn interest at market rates.
There are no loans to the Group’s directors and key personnel guaranteed with Buenaventura or any of its Subsidiaries’ shares.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
The Group’s key executives’ compensation (including the related income taxes assumed by the Group) for the years 2019 and 2018 are presented below:
2019 2018
US$(000) US$(000)

Accounts payable:
Directors’ remuneration 1,746 2,628
Salaries 1,020 1,057
Provision for bonus to officers 6,205 6,345

Total 8,971 10,030
Disbursements:
Salaries 12,690 12,908
Directors’ compensations 1,746 2,628

Total 14,436 15,536
(e) The account receivable from Consorcio Transportadora Callao corresponds to the disbursements made between 2011 and 2013 by the subsidiary El Brocal in order to participate in the joint venture (see note 10(c)). This account receivable generates interest at an annual rate of ~~2008, Cerro Verde recorded net charges for~~6.25 percent plus LIBOR at 3 months and it is estimated that it will be collected from the year ~~ended December 31, 2017 for a total of US$393 million associated with the royalties assessments in dispute and potential royalties from December 2006 to 2013.~~
Cerro Verde intends to seek an exemption available in accordance with Peruvian laws for the penalties and interest associated with this case of mining royalties. As of December 31, 2017, Cerro Verde has not recorded charges for possible penalties and unpaid interest for a total of US$385 million.
In December of 2017, as a result of the unfavorable decision of the Supreme Court on the case of mining royalties in 2008, Cerro Verde requested the return of the amounts that it would have paid in excess for the Special Mining Tax (GEM) (September 2012 to December 2013), National Housing Fund (FONAVI) (December 2012 to December 2013) and customs duties (2013).
~~Cerro Verde acted in good faith when applying provisions in accordance with its Stability Contract signed in 1998 and continues to evaluate alternatives to defend its rights.~~
~~Other assessments received from SUNAT~~
Cerro Verde has also received assessments from SUNAT for additional taxes (other than the mining royalty), including penalties and interest. Cerro Verde has filed or will file objections to the assessments because it believes it has properly determined and paid its taxes. A summary of these assessments follows:
Year Taxes Penalty and
interest Total
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
2003 – 2005 15,909 54,053 69,962
2006 6,545 59,454 65,999
2007 12,376 17,809 30,185
2008 20,797 12,968 33,765
2009 58,495 49,112 107,607
2010 65,997 107,139 173,136
2011 49,055 63,931 112,986
2014 - 2017 23,450 - 23,450

252,624 364,466 617,090
~~Yanacocha -~~
- SUNAT challenged the withholding tax rate applied on the technical assistance services provided by a non-resident supplier for fiscal years 2002 and 2003. The services were executed in Peru and also abroad; however, Yanacocha was not able to prove that during the tax audit. Based on that, the Tax Administration considers that the services were wholly executed in Peru; therefore, the withholding tax rate should be 30% instead of 12%. The amount of the contingency involved is S/12.8 million (US$3.94 million). In Management's and its legal counsel’s opinion, these interpretations have no support so Yanacocha should get a favorable outcome in the appeals initiated.2023.

~~F-89~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
- SUNAT considers that the bonus for closing the collective agreement and the collateral benefits granted to the unionized and non-unionized employees qualify as remunerative concepts; hence, taxed with the contribution to ESSALUD. The contingency amounts to S/11.5 million (US$3.5 million) for 2011 and 2012. In Management's and its legal counsel’s opinion, these interpretations have no support so Yanacocha should get a favorable outcome in the appeals initiated.
31. Disclosure of information on segments

- In 2000, Yanacocha paid a total of US$$29 million to assume their respective contractual positions in mining concession agreements with Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca S.M.R.L. The contractual rights allowed Yanacocha the opportunity to conduct exploration on the concessions, but not a purchase of the concessions. The tax authority alleges that the payments were acquisitions of mining concessions requiring the amortization of the amounts under the Peru Mining Law over the life of the mine. Yanacocha expensed the amounts at issue in the initial year since the payments were not for the acquisition of a concession but rather these expenses represent the payment of an intangible and therefore, amortizable in a single year or proportionally for up to ten years according to Income Tax Law. In 2010, the Tax Court in Peru ruled in favor of Yanacocha and the tax authority appealed the issue to the judiciary. The first appellate court confirmed the ruling of the Tax Court in favor of Yanacocha. However, in November, 2015, a Superior Court in Peru made an appellate decision overturning the two prior findings in favor of Yanacocha. Yanacocha has appealed the Superior Court ruling to the Peru Supreme Court. The potential liability in this matter is in the form of fines and interest in an amount up to US$82.9 million. While management has assessed that the likelihood of a ruling against the Company in the Supreme Court as remote, it is not possible to fully predict the outcome of this litigation.
Management has determined its operating segments based on reports that the Group’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) uses for making decisions. The Group is organized into business units based on its products and services, activities and geographic locations. The broad categories of the Group’s business units are:
- Production and sale of minerals (mining units in operation).
- Exploration and development projects.
- Energy generation and transmission services.
- Insurance brokerage.
- Rental of mining concessions.
- Holding of investment in shares (mainly in the associate company Minera Yanacocha S.R.L.).
- Industrial activities.

~~29.~~ ~~Transactions with associates companies~~
The accounting policies used by the Group in reporting segments internally are the same as those contained in the notes of the consolidated financial statements.

~~(a)~~ ~~The Group has carried out the following transactions with its associates in the years 2017, 2016 and 2015:~~
The CODM monitors the operating results of the business units separately for the purpose of making decisions about resource allocation and performance assessment. Segment performance is evaluated based on operating profit or loss and is measured consistently with operating profit or loss in the Group’s consolidated financial statements. In addition, the Group’s financing and income taxes are managed at the corporate level and are not allocated to the operating segments, except for those entities, which are managed independently.
2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Royalties collected to Minera Yanacocha S.R.L.:
S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca (c) 20,739 24,339 32,414

Services provided to Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. by:
Consorcio Energético de Huancavelica S.A. (operation and maintenance) 381 915 1,694
Buenaventura Ingenieros S.A (execution of specific work orders) 227 177 845
Consorcio Energético de Huancavelica S.A. (energy transmission) 212 - -

~~F-90~~
F-107

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued) ~~(continued)~~
2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Dividends received by:
Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A. 9,823 11,390 6,691
Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. - 130,950 -
Loans collected (granted) to:
Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A. 124,800 - (124,800 )

Sales of supplies to Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A. by:
Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. 2 1 56
Minera La Zanja S.R.L. 2 - 74

Sales of mineral to Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. by:
Minera La Zanja S.R.L. 710 - -
Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. 704 1,271 2,114

Interest income over loans granted by Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A. to:
Consorcio Energético de Huancavelica S.A.A. - 3 19

Supplies purchase to Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A. by:
Consorcio Energético de Huancavelica S.A.A. 18 10 1
Minera La Zanja S.R.L. 6 10 6
Buenaventura Ingenieros S.A. 4 - -
Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. - 1 29

Interest income over loans granted by associates, note 26(a) 1,685 4,164 2,286

Services provided to Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A. by:
Empresa de Generación Huanza S.A. (sale of energy) 2,137 1,679 1,676
Consorcio Energético de Huancavelica S.A. (construction services) 1,332 1,152 346
Buenaventura Ingenieros S.A (execution of specific work orders) 835 824 471
Consorcio Energético de Huancavelica S.A. (operation and maintenance) 178 332 559

Services provided by to Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A. by:
Buenaventura Ingenieros S.A (execution of specific work orders) 57 - -
~~F-91~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Services received by Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A. for:
Minera La Zanja S.R.L. (administrative services)
149 200 -

Purchase of assets of Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A. from:
Consorcio Energético de Huancavelica S.A. (operation and maintenance) 336 - -
~~F-92~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~

~~(b)~~ ~~As a result of the transactions indicated in the paragraph (a), the Group had the following accounts receivable and payable from/to associates:~~
2017 2016
US$(000) US$(000)

Trade and other receivables, note 7(a) -
Trade receivables
Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. (c) 6,740 7,079
Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A. 592 681
Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A. 16 -
7,348 7,760
Other receivables
Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A. 732 240
Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A. (d) - 126,050
Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. - 379
732 126,669

Total trade and other receivables 8,080 134,429

Classification by maturity:
Current portion 8,080 8,379
Non-current portion - 126,050

Total trade and other receivables 8,080 134,429

Trade and other payables, note 14(a) -
Trade payables
Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A. 15 25
Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. - 1,347
15 1,372
Other payables
Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A. 42 3
Other 20 -
62 3

Total trade and other payables 77 1,375
~~F-93~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
Corporate information mainly includes the following:

~~(c)~~ ~~S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca -~~
In accordance with mining lease, amended and effective on January 1, 1994, Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. pays the Group a 3% royalty based on quarterly production sold at current market prices, after deducting refinery and transportation costs. The royalty agreement expires in 2032.
~~(d)~~ ~~Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A. -~~
~~In December 2014, Cerro Verde entered into shareholder loan agreements with, or affiliates~~
In segment information of Freeport Minerals Corporation, Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. and SMM Cerro Verde Netherlands B.V., for up to US$800 million. As of December 31, 2016, Cerro Verde had borrowed US$606 million under these loan agreements (US$800 million under these loan agreements as of December 31, 2015), US$125 million with Buenaventura. During 2017, Buenaventura received the payment in advance of the long-term loan held with Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.
~~(e)~~ ~~Key officers -~~
As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, directors, officers and employees of the Group have been involved, directly and indirectly, in financial transactions with certain subsidiaries. As of December 2017 and 2016, loans to employees, directors and key personnel amounts to US$47,000 and US$91,000, respectively, are paid monthly and earn interest at market rates.
~~There are no loans to the Group’s directors and key personnel guaranteed with Buenaventura or any of its Subsidiaries’ shares.~~
~~The Group’s key executives’ compensation (including the related income taxes assumed by the Group) for the years 2017 and 2016 are presented below:~~
2017 2016
US$(000) US$(000)

Accounts payable:
Directors’ remuneration 1,641 -
Salaries 1,257 1,034
Directors’ compensations 1,200 1,016
Other payments to officers 1,899 598
5,997 2,648

Disbursements:
Salaries 10,530 9,922
~~F-94~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~30.~~ ~~Disclosure of information on segments~~
Management has determined its operating segments based on reports that the Group’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) uses for making decisions. The Group is organized into business units based on its products and services, activities and geographic locations. The broad categories of the Group’s business units are
- ~~Production and sale of minerals~~
- ~~Exploration and development activities~~
- ~~Construction and engineering services~~
- ~~Energy generation and transmission services~~
- ~~Insurance brokerage~~
- ~~Rental of mining concessions~~
- ~~Holding of investment in shares (mainly in the associate company Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. and the Group’s subsidiary S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca)~~
- ~~Industrial activities.~~
The CODM monitors the operating results of the business units separately for the purpose of making decisions about resource allocation and performance assessment. Segment performance is evaluated based on operating profit or loss and is measured consistently with operating profit or loss in the Group’s consolidated financial statements. Also, the Group’s financing and income taxes are managed at the corporate level and are not allocated to the operating segments, except for those entities which are managed independently.
~~Corporate information mainly includes the following:~~
~~In segment information of profit and~~ loss -
- Sales to third parties of gold purchased by the Parent company from La Zanja mining unit and the corresponding cost of sale as well as other intercompany sales.
- Administrative expenses, other income (expenses), exchange gain (loss), finance costs and income and income tax that cannot be directly allocated to the operational mining units owned by the Parent company (Uchucchacua, Orcopampa, Julcani ~~Mallay~~ and Tambomayo).
- Exploration activities in non-operating areas, carried out directly by the Parent company and not by the consolidated separate legal entities.
- Participation in subsidiaries and associate companies of ~~the Parent company, which are accounted for using the equity method.~~
In the Parent company, which are accounted for using the equity method.
In the segment information of assets and liabilities -
- Investments in Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A. and ~~liabilities -~~
- ~~Investments in Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A. and Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A., associate companies which~~Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A., associate companies that are directly owned by the Parent company and are accounted for using the equity method; see note 10 to the consolidated financial statements.
- Assets and liabilities of the operational mining units owned directly by the Parent company since this is the way the CODM analyzes the business. Assets and liabilities of other operating segments are allocated based on the assets and liabilities of the legal entities included in those segments.
~~F-95~~
~~Notes to~~ the ~~consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~Adjustments~~operational mining units owned directly by the Parent company since this is the way the CODM analyzes the business. Assets and ~~eliminations mainly include~~liabilities of other operating segments are allocated based on the ~~following:~~
~~In segment information~~assets and liabilities of ~~consolidated statements of profit~~the legal entities included in those segments.
Adjustments and eliminations mainly include the following:
In segment information of consolidated statements of profit or loss –
- The elimination of any profit or loss of investments accounted for under the equity method and not consolidated by the Group corresponding to the associate companies: Minera Yanacocha S.R.L., Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A. and Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A.
- The elimination of intercompany sales and cost of sales.
- ~~The elimination of any equity pickup profit or loss of the subsidiaries of the Parent company.~~
- The elimination of any equity pickup profit or loss of the subsidiaries of the Parent company.
In the segment information of assets and liabilities –
- The elimination of the assets and liabilities of the investments accounted for under the equity method and not consolidated, corresponding to the associate companies: Minera Yanacocha S.R.L., Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A. and Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A.
- The elimination of any equity pickup investments of the subsidiaries of the Parent company.
- The elimination of intercompany receivables and payables.
Refer to Note 20(a) to the consolidated financial statements where the Group reports revenues from external customers for each product and service, and revenues from external customers attributed to Peru and foreign countries. The revenue information is based on the locations of customers.
~~Refer to Note 20(b) to the consolidated financial statements for information about major customers (clients representing more than 10 percent of the Group’s revenues).~~

Refer to Note 20(a) to the consolidated financial statements where the Group reports revenues from external customers for each product and service, and revenues from external customers attributed to Peru and foreign countries. The revenue information is based on the locations of customers. Refer to Note 20(d) to the consolidated financial statements for information about major customers (clients representing more than 10 percent of the Group’s revenues). All non-current assets are located in Peru.

~~F-96~~
F-108

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
Equity accounted investees
Uchucchacua (Operation) Orcopampa (Operation) Julcani (Operation) Tambomayo (Operation)
Colquijirca
(Operation)
La Zanja (Operation) Exploration and development mining projects Energy generation and transmission Insurance brokerage Rental of mining concessions Holding of investment in shares Industrial activities Corporate Minera Yanacocha S.R.L.

Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A
Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A. Total operating segments Adjustments and eliminations Total
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Year 2019
Results:
Continuing operations
Operating income:
Net sale of goods 186,016 58,902 40,082 188,175 299,252 43,520 − − − − − 6,046 − 734,526 2,890,066 241,173 4,687,758 (3,865,828) 821,930
Net sale of services − − − − − − − 59,690 15,687 − 615 19,557 − 4,776 − − 100,325 (76,664) 23,661
Royalty income − − − − − − − − − 22,297 − − − − − − 22,297 − 22,297
Total operating income 186,016 58,902 40,082 188,175 299,252 43,520 − 59,690 15,687 22,297 615 25,603 − 739,302 2,890,066 241,173 4,810,380 (3,942,492) 867,888

Operating costs
Cost of sales of goods, excluding depreciation and amortization (128,523) (54,739) (26,586) (76,827) (223,998) (39,693) − − − − − (8,517) − (692,721) (2,101,668) (187,156) (3,540,428) 3,027,554 (512,874)
Cost of services, excluding depreciation and amortization − − − − − − − (22,209) − − − (6,167) − (1,160) − − (29,536) 26,158 (3,378)
Depreciation and amortization (21,053) (7,563) (9,178) (83,657) (74,335) (9,103) − (10,075) − − − (11,979) − − − − (226,943) 608 (226,335)
Exploration in operating units (8,917) (9,040) (5,864) (11,613) (8,727) (2) − − − − − − − − − − (44,163) − (44,163)
Mining royalties (1,955) (5,220) (418) (1,857) (2,953) (429) − − − − − − − − − − (12,832) − (12,832)
Total operating costs (160,448) (76,562) (42,046) (173,954) (310,013) (49,227) − (32,284) − − − (26,663) − (693,881) (2,101,668) (187,156) (3,853,902) 3,054,320 (799,582)
Gross profit (loss) 25,568 (17,660) (1,964) 14,221 (10,761) (5,707) − 27,406 15,687 22,297 615 (1,060) − 45,421 788,398 54,017 956,478 (888,172) 68,306

Operating expenses, net
Administrative expenses (16,115) (5,209) (3,561) (16,512) (8,865) (2,223) (2,416) (4,073) (11,607) (188) (363) (1,310) (4,894) (1,744) − (4,638) (83,718) 7,421 (76,297)
Selling expenses (6,876) (258) (403) (3,940) (10,856) (321) − (1,115) − − − (1,324) − (1,722) − (1,163) (27,978) 3,665 (24,313)
Exploration in non-operating areas (2,534) − − − (2,011) (2,784) (90) − − − − − (4,492) − − − (11,911) 32 (11,879)
Impairment recovery (loss) of long-lived assets − − (2,083) − − − − − − − − − − − − − (2,083) − (2,083)
Reversal (provision) of contingent and others (183) 1 (148) 127 2,079 (98) (40) 166 − − − − 1,067 − − − 2,971 (3) 2,968
Other, net (4,147) (8,104) (776) (3,767) (6,568) (1,119) (419) 13,813 − 135 79 341 (2,686) (35,987) − (5,667) (54,872) 40,157 (14,715)
Total operating expenses, net (29,855) (13,570)   (6,971) (24,092) (26,221) (6,545) (2,965) 8,791 (11,607) (53) (284) (2,293) (11,005) (39,453) − (11,468) (177,591) 51,272 (126,319)

Operating profit (loss) (4,287) (31,230)   (8,935) (9,871) (36,982) (12,252) (2,965) 36,197 4,080 22,244 331 (3,353) (11,005) 5,968 788,398 42,549 778,887 (836,900) (58,013)
Other income (expense), net
Share in the results of associates and joint ventures − − − − (44) − − 10,374 − − (53,143) − 45,778 − − − 2,965 44,745 47,710
Finance income − − − − 417 2,006 14 263 15 30 10 277 7,751 18,859 10,356 549 40,547 (30,872) 9,675
Finance costs (532) (733) (1,002) (505) (11,440) (3,715) (561) (7,483) (89) (4) (6) (990) (16,249) (58,059) (115,877) (3,598) (220,843) 178,670 (42,173)
Net gain (loss) from currency exchange difference (124) 76 3 (12) (191) 14 (156) 62 (119) (9) (9) 208 (481) 2,902 5,574 277 8,015 (8,749) (734)
Total other income (expenses), net (656) (657) (999) (517) (11,258) (1,695) (703) 3,216 (193) 17 (53,148) (505) 36,799 (36,298) (99,947) (2,772) (169,316) 183,794 14,478

Profit (loss) before income tax (4,943) (31,887)   (9,934) (10,388) (48,240) (13,947) (3,668) 39,413 3,887 22,261 (52,817) (3,858) 25,794 (30,330) 688,451 39,777 609,571 (653,106) (43,535)
Current income tax − − − − (25) (35) − (4,044) (1,223) (6,546) (39) − − (64,927) (298,074) (26,335) (401,248) 389,337 (11,911)
Deferred income tax − − − − 15,410 (5,382) − (5,515) 91 − − 1,554 31,344 − − 15,017 52,519 (15,018) 37,501
Profit (loss) from continuing operations (4,943) (31,887) (9,934) (10,388) (32,855) (19,364) (3,668) 29,854 2,755 15,715 (52,856) (2,304) 57,138 (95,257) 390,377 28,459 260,842 (278,787) (17,945)
10,374
Loss from discontinued operations (10,514)

Loss for the year (28,459)

Total assets 146,486 46,750 41,858 425,297 725,973 138,458 398,838 382,481 13,822 6,252 458,212 104,335 2,371,464 2,327,714 7,809,424 379,915 15,777,279 (11,670,005) 4,107,274
Total liabilities 42,265 36,945 35,045 34,142 329,869 68,100 23,223 183,426 6,007 2,286 101 20,918 407,153 1,838,002 2,460,175 125,097 5,612,754 (4,473,680) 1,139,074
Other segment information
Investment in associates and joint ventures - - - - − − − 89,786 - - 232,154 - 2,073,745 − − − 2,395,685 (907,438) 1,488,247
Capital Expenditures 31,479 1,323 1,559 9,641 28,298 1,629 26,494 223 85 - 1,443 453 − − − 102,627 − 102,627
Changes in estimates of mine closures plans 176 10,493 2,430 2,277 5,122 5,021 - - - 1,203 26,722 − 26,722
Fair value for contingent consideration liability - - - - - - - - - - - - (655) − − − (655) − (655)
Accounts receivable from sale of assets - - - - - - - 21,023 - - - - 625 − − − 21,648 − 21,648

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
Equity accountedinvestees
Uchucchacua (Operation) Orcopampa (Operation) Julcani (Operation) Tambomayo (Operation)
Colquijirca
(Operation)
La Zanja (Operation) Exploration and development mining projects Energy generation and transmission Insurance brokerage Rental of mining concessions Holding of investment in shares Industrial activities Corporate Minera Yanacocha S.R.L.

Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A
Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A. Total operating segments Adjustments and eliminations Total
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Year 2018
Results:
Continuing operations
Operating income:
Net sale of goods 257,282 153,003 34,104 225,281 333,560 96,611 − − − − − 6,655 − 635,393 3,054,026 225,447 5,021,362 (3,915,033) 1,106,329
Net sale of services − − − − − − − 62,962 14,986 − 615 19,908 − 21,965 − − 120,436 (96,435) 24,001
Royalty income − − − − − − − − − 20,385 − − − − − − 20,385 − 20,385
Total operating income 257,282 153,003 34,104 225,281 333,560 96,611 − 62,962 14,986 20,385 615 26,563 − 657,358 3,054,026 225,447 5,162,183 (4,011,468) 1,150,715

Operating costs
Cost of sales of goods, excluding depreciation and amortization (151,817) (97,006) (26,558) (92,829) (216,560) (68,993) − − − − − (6,280) − (596,164) (2,216,663) (170,866) (3,643,736) 3,030,355 (613,381)
Cost of services, excluding depreciation and amortization − − − − − − − (25,499) − − − (8,966) − (2,217) − − (36,682) 32,364 (4,318)
Depreciation and amortization (26,181) (8,802) (3,353) (77,029) (67,666) (34,088) − (10,248) − − − (11,483) − − − − (238,850) (29) (238,879)
Exploration in operating units (20,898) (29,563) (8,646) (20,553) (9,996) (74) − − − − − − − − − − (89,730) − (89,730)
Mining royalties (2,243) (13,669) (237) (1,936) (2,345) (957) − − − − − − − − − − (21,387) (1) (21,388)
Total operating costs (201,139) (149,040) (38,794) (192,347) (296,567) (104,112) − (35,747) − − − (26,729) − (598,381) (2,216,663) (170,866) (4,030,385) 3,062,689 (967,696)
Gross profit (loss) 56,143 3,963 (4,690) 32,934 36,993 (7,501) − 27,215 14,986 20,385 615 (166) − 58,977 837,363 54,581 1,131,798 (948,779) 183,019

Operating expenses, net
Administrative expenses (24,119) (15,100) (2,524) (17,822) (9,906) (3,435) (3,143) (3,972) (11,900) (220) (512) (1,627) 2,377 (2,783) − (5,644) (100,330) 23,231 (77,099)
Selling expenses (8,213) (775) (356) (3,046) (12,201) (784) − (1,173) − − − (924) − (2,627) − (1,135) (31,234) 4,286 (26,948)
Exploration in non-operating areas (18,339) − − − (7,199) (5,002) (2,883) − − − − − (4,091) − − − (37,514) 1,207 (36,307)
Reversal (provision) of contingent and others 6,784 (121) 947 1,263 (3,711) (57) 6,130 (56) − − − 2 (111) − − − 11,070 178 11,248
Impairment recovery (loss) of long-lived assets − − − − − 5,693 − − − − − − − − − − 5,693 − 5,693
Other, net (5,953) (3,386) (1,050) (5,599) 32,565 (669) 138 562 − 2,773 194 (2,235) (76,155) − (325) (59,140) 57,832 (1,308)
Total operating expenses, net (49,840) (19,382) (2,983) (25,204) (452) (4,254) 242 (4,639) (11,900) (220) 2,261 (2,355) (4,060) (81,565) − (7,104) (211,455) 86,734 (124,721)

Operating profit (loss) 6,303 (15,419) (7,673) 7,730 36,541 (11,755) 242 22,576 3,086 20,165 2,876 (2,521) (4,060) (22,588) 837,363 47,477 920,343 (862,045) 58,298
Other income (expense), net
Share in the results of associates and joint ventures − − − − − − − 8,589 − − (25,517) − 15,081 − − − (1,847) 703 (1,144)
Finance income − − − − 418 1,649 − 179 − 21 8 127 9,293 11,448 28,089 357 51,589 (41,904) 9,685
Finance costs (308) (395) (95) (262) (10,365) (1,946) (222) (7,576) (2) (11) (25) (932) (17,194) (39,024) (426,733) (2,935) (508,025) 469,603 (38,422)
Net gain (loss) from currency exchange difference 196 168 8 209 108 (224) (846) (346) 19 18 2 (482) (206) (2,056) 6,161 (852) 1,877 (3,261) (1,384)
Total other income (expenses), net (112) (227) (87) (53) (9,839) (521) (1,068) 846 17 28 (25,532) (1,287) 6,974 (29,632) (392,483) (3,430) (456,406) 425,141 (31,265)

Profit (loss) before income tax 6,191 (15,646) (7,760) 7,677 26,702 (12,276) (826) 23,422 3,103 20,193 (22,656) (3,808) 2,914 (52,220) 444,880 44,047 463,937 (436,904) 27,033
Current income tax (768) (559) (72) (656) (8,332) (24) − − − (6,025) (444) (2) − (30,368) (325,170) (23,405) (395,825) 378,943 (16,882)
Deferred income tax − − − − (10,803) (1,220) − (7,584) − − − 106 9,514 1,071 − 4,942 (3,974) (6,023) (9,997)
Profit (loss) from continuing operations 5,423 (16,205) (7,832) 7,021 7,567 (13,520) (826) 15,838 3,103 14,168 (23,100) (3,704) 12,428 (81,517) 119,710 25,584 64,138 (63,984) 154

Loss from discontinued operations (11,808)

Loss for the year (11,654)

Total assets 126,374 39,725 39,537 461,335 773,554 158,718 372,344 366,354 12,154 7,154 520,484 106,391 2,421,547 2,047,472 7,554,712 361,669 15,369,524 (11,152,303) 4,217,221
Total liabilities 45,227 30,749 29,469 28,502 340,735 68,615 18,986 197,152 4,597 2,653 603 20,671 425,893 1,463,749 2,445,840 125,307 5,248,748 (4,061,092) 1,187,656
Other segment information
Investment in associates and joint ventures − − − − − − − − − − − − 1,473,382 − − − 1,473,382 − 1,473,382
Capital Expenditures 18,429 6,225 2,984 18,858 29,572 13,159 17,141 118 − − − 1,816 2,968 − − − 111,270 − 111,270
Changes in estimates of mine closures plans 4,101 1,003 16,484 (447) 19,926 (6,915) 9,063 − − − − − (341) − − − 42,874 − 42,874
Fair value for contingent consideration liability − − − − − − 1,815 − − − − − − − − − 1,815 − 1,815
Accounts receivable from sale of assets − − − − − − − − − − 1,622 − 1,093 − − − 2,715 − 2,715

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

Equity accounted investees
Uchucchacua (Operation)
Orcopampa
(Operation)

Julcani
(Operation)

Tambomayo
(Operation)

Colquijirca
(Operation)

La Zanja
(Operation)
Exploration and development mining projects Construction and engineering Energy generation and transmission Insurance brokerage Rental of mining concessions Holding of investment in shares Industrial activities Corporate Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A. Total operating segments Adjustments and eliminations Total
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Year 2017
Results:
Continuing operations
Operating income:
Net sale of goods 272,334 256,960 42,785 118,966 322,653 165,319 - - - - - - 6,317 34,650 645,176 3,202,931 203,790 5,271,881 (4,084,675) 1,187,206
Net sale of services - - - - - - - 10,603 60,639 14,377 - 615 19,658 - 21,870 - - 127,762 (98,065) 29,697
Royalty income - - - - - - - - - - 20,739 - - - - - - 20,739 - 20,739
Total operating income 272,334 256,960 42,785 118,966 322,653 165,319 - 10,603 60,639 14,377 20,739 615 25,975 34,650 667,046 3,202,931 203,790 5,420,382 (4,182,740) 1,237,642
Operating costs
Cost of sales of goods, excluding depreciation and amortization (143,288) (115,574) (31,190) (53,555) (193,874) (102,474) - - - - - - (6,043) (34,029) (746,918) (1,768,238) (121,021) (3,316,204) 2,711,554 (604,650)
Cost of services, excluding depreciation and amortization - - - - - - - (9,393) (25,556) - - - (9,354) - (2,062) - - (46,365) 33,411 (12,954)
Depreciation and amortization (23,899) (8,846) (8,122) (42,789) (57,199) (48,385) - (129) (9,651) - - - (11,134) - - - - (210,154) - (210,154)
Exploration in operating units (27,068) (38,820) (13,009) (9,543) - (871) - - - - - - - - - - - (89,311) - (89,311)
Mining royalties (2,280) (22,436) (354) (998) (3,317) (1,499) - - - - - - - - - - - (30,884) - (30,884)
Total operating costs (196,535) (185,676) (52,675) (106,885) (254,390) (153,229) - (9,522) (35,207) - - - (26,531) (34,029) (748,980) (1,768,238) (121,021)
(3,692,918)

2,744,965
(947,953)

Gross profit (loss) 75,799 71,284 (9,890) 12,081 68,263 12,090 - 1,081 25,432 14,377 20,739 615 (556) 621 (81,934) 1,434,693 82,769 1,727,464 (1,437,775) 289,689
Operating expenses, net
Administrative expenses (19,473) (18,281) (2,878) (9,139) (13,061) (2,814) (1,604) (3,606) (2,423) (12,288) (90) (413) (1,203) 443 (4,760) - (3,829) (95,419) 14,753 (80,666)
Selling expenses (6,078) (1,016) (605) (1,387) (10,914) (881) - - (1,264) - - - (775) (167) (3,922) (141,669) (946) (169,624) 146,581 (23,043)
Exploration in non-operating areas (2,676) - - (3,214) (1,976) (2,870) (2,771) - - - - - - (5,052) - - - (18,559) 297 (18,262)
Reversal (provision) of contingent and others (7,040) (1) (460) (1,002) - (1,370) (4,657) 100 312 - - - - 378 - - - (13,740) - (13,740)
Impairment recovery (loss) of long-lived assets - - - - - (21,620) - - - - - - - - - - - (21,620) - (21,620)
Write –off of stripping activity asset - - - - (13,573) - - - - - - - - - - - - (13,573) - (13,573)
Other, net (1,799) (715) (1,403) (175) (2,922) (970) (94) 1,129 (94) (4) (1) - 216 (2,012) (63,512) (258,826) (587) (331,769) 318,539 (13,230)
Total operating expenses, net (37,066) (20,013) (5,346) (14,917) (42,446) (30,525) (9,126) (2,377) (3,469) (12,292) (91) (413) (1,762) (6,410) (72,194) (400,495) (5,362) (664,304) 480,170 (184,134)
Operating profit (loss) 38,733 51,271 (15,236) (2,836) 25,817 (18,435) (9,126) (1,296) 21,963 2,085 20,648 202 (2,318) (5,789) (154,128) 1,034,198 77,407 1,063,160 (957,605) 105,555
Other income (expense),net
Share in the results of associates and joint ventures - - - - - - - - 8,573 - - (66,187) - 21,194 - - - (36,420) 49,627 13,207
Finance income - - - - 179 670 - - 139 1 7 1 79 5,614 5,831 5,350 220 18,091 (12,574) 5,517
Finance costs (285) (354) (106) (372) (12,017) (1,919) (131) (370) (10,354) (6) (2) (2) (941) (8,980) (23,766) (216,912) (3,304) (279,821) 245,270 (34,551)
Net gain (loss) from currency exchange difference 31 (63) (75) 10 310 48 537 105 294 (75) (41) (4) 497 1,365 3,636 13,288 (174) 19,689 (16,750) 2,939
Total other income (expense), net (254) (417) (181) (362) (11,528) (1,201) 406 (265) (1,348) (80) (36) (66,192) (365) 19,193 (14,299) (198,274) (3,258) (278,461) 265,573 (12,888)
Profit (loss) before income tax 38,479 50,854 (15,417) (3,198) 14,289 (19,636) (8,720) (1,561) 20,615 2,005 20,612 (65,990) (2,683) 13,404 (168,427) 835,924 74,149 784,699 (692,032) 92,667
Income tax (1,101) (1,085) (153) (538) (3,903) 6,841 - (400) (3,491) (742) (6,044) (38) 1,818 (9,052) (7,026) (486,043) (23,362) (534,319) 516,431 (17,888)
Profit (loss) from continued operations 37,378 49,769 (15,570) (3,736) 10,386 (12,795) (8,720) (1,961) 17,124 1,263 14,568 (66,028) (865) 4,352 (175,453) 349,881 50,787 250,380 (175,601) 74,779
Loss from discontinued operations (10,344)
Net profit 64,435
Total assets 146,464 54,114 20,922 538,057 792,594 190,310 342,759 14,004 360,610 9,004 6,611 988,841 109,669 1,950,147 2,019,332 7,691,007 380,534 15,614,979 (11,282,166) 4,332,813
Total liabilities 49,723 42,242 18,099 32,501 388,899 87,008 14,527 5,153 205,247 4,616 2,378 414 20,245 431,505 1,360,217 2,501,845 150,743 5,315,362 (4,046,176) 1,269,186
Other segment information
Investment in associates and joint ventures - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,536,887 - - - 1,536,887 - 1,536,887
Capital Expenditures 18,127 12,674 1,951 131,119 61,060 17,326 13,733 3 852 14 - - 459 2,189 - - - 259,507 - 259,507
Changes in estimates of mine closures plans 1,380 3,710 (761) 404 5,326 462 67 - - - - - - 6 - - - 10,594 - 10,594
Fair value for contingent consideration liability - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,773 - - - 1,773 - 1,773
Accounts receivable from sale of assets - - - - - - - 4,053 - - - - - 1,318 - - - 5,371 - 5,371

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
Reconciliation of segment profit (loss)
The reconciliation of segment profit (loss) to the consolidated profit (loss) from continued operations follows:
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Segments profit (loss) 260,842 64,138 250,380
Elimination of profit of equity accounted investees, not consolidated (owned by third parties) (323,578 ) (63,777 ) (225,215 )
Elimination of intercompany sales (71,951 ) (74,637 ) (108,973 )
Elimination of cost of sales and operating expenses intercompany 71,697 76,780 106,726
Elimination of share in the results of subsidiaries and associates 44,745 1,582 49,627
Others 300 (3,932 ) 2,234
Consolidated profit (loss) from continued operations (17,945 ) 154 74,779
Reconciliation of segment assets
The reconciliation of segment assets to the consolidated assets follows:
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Segments assets 15,777,279 15,369,524 15,614,979
Elimination of assets of equity accounted investees, not consolidated (owned by third parties) (10,517,053 ) (9,963,853 ) (10,090,873 )
Elimination of the subsidiaries and associates of the Parent company (1,111,454 ) (1,184,240 ) (1,186,783 )
Elimination of intercompany receivables (64,708 ) (32,444 ) (32,769 )
Others 23,210 28,234 28,259
Consolidated assets 4,107,274 4,217,221 4,332,813
Reconciliation of segment liabilities
The reconciliation of segment liabilities to the consolidated liabilities follows:
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) �� US$(000)

Segments liabilities 5,612,754 5,248,748 5,315,362
Elimination of liabilities of equity accounted investees, not consolidated (4,423,274 ) (4,034,896 ) (4,012,805 )
Elimination of intercompany payables (50,395 ) (27,822 ) (32,769 )
Others (11 ) 1,626 (602 )
Consolidated liabilities 1,139,074 1,187,656 1,269,186

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
Disaggregated revenue information
Set out below is the disaggregation of the Group’s revenue from contracts with customers:
Uchucchacua (Operation)
Tambomayo
(Operation)

Orcopampa
(Operation)

Julcani
(Operation)

Colquijirca
(Operation)

La Zanja
(Operation)
Energy generation and transmission Insurance brokerage Rental of mining concessions Holding of investment in shares Industrial activities Corporate Total operating segments Adjustments and eliminations Total
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Year 2019
Revenues by type of customers:
Sales by customers -
External 184,982 186,668 58,796 39,639 294,842 43,894 - - - - 6,046 - 814,867 - 814,867
Inter-segment - - - - 62 - - - - - - - 62 (62 ) -
184,982 186,668 58,796 39,639 294,904 43,894 - - - - 6,046 - 814,929 (62 ) 814,867
Services -
External - - - - - - 7,974 15,687 - - - - 23,661 - 23,661
Inter-segment - - - - - - 51,716 - - 615 19,557 - 71,888 (71,888 ) -
- - - - - - 59,690 15,687 - 615 19,557 - 95,549 (71,888 ) 23,661
Royalties -
External - - - - - - - - 22,297 - - - 22,297 - 22,297
184,982 186,668 58,796 39,639 294,904 43,894 59,690 15,687 22,297 615 25,603 - 932,775 (71,950 ) 860,825

Revenues by geographic region:
Metal and concentrates sales -
Peru 143,512 79,631 4,833 10,451 236,844 683 - - - - 1,086 - 477,040 (62 ) 476,978
America- other than Peru - 79,537 53,963 - - 37,326 - - - - 943 - 171,769 - 171,769
Asia 13,622 27,365 - 6,598 58,060 - - - - - - - 105,645 - 105,645
Europe 27,848 135 - 22,590 - 5,885 - - - - 4,017 - 60,475 - 60,475
184,982 186,668 58,796 39,639 294,904 43,894 - - - - 6,046 - 814,929 (62 ) 814,867
Services -
Peru - - - - - - 59,690 15,527 - 615 19,557 - 95,389 (71,888 ) 23,501
America - other than Peru - - - - - - - 130 - - - - 130 - 130
Europe - - - - - - - 30 - - - - 30 - 30
- - - - - - 59,690 15,687 - 615 19,557 - 95,549 (71,888 ) 23,661
Royalties -
Peru - - - - - - - - 22,297 - - - 22,297 - 22,297
184,982 186,668 58,796 39,639 294,904 43,894 59,690 15,687 22,297 615 25,603 - 932,775 (71,950 ) 860,825

Revenues by type of good or services:
Sales by metal -
Gold - 134,387 58,737 278 18,104 42,698 - - - - - - 254,204 (10 ) 254,194
Silver 159,713 38,112 263 40,889 57,903 1,300 - - - - - - 298,180 (9 ) 298,171
Copper - - - 79 238,327 - - - - - - - 238,406 (102 ) 238,304
Zinc 38,143 19,867 - - 91,307 - - - - - - - 149,317 - 149,317
Lead 29,735 14,016 - 1,627 43,763 - - - - - - - 89,141 - 89,141
Manganese sulfate - - - - - - - - - - 6,046 - 6,046 - 6,046
227,591 206,382 59,000 42,873 449,404 43,998 - - - - 6,046 - 1,035,294 (121 ) 1,035,173
Commercial deductions (42,609 ) (19,714 ) (204 ) (3,234 ) (154,500 ) (104 ) - - - - - - (220,365 ) 59 (220,306 )
184,982 186,668 58,796 39,639 294,904 43,894 - - - - 6,046 - 814,929 (62 ) 814,867
Sales by services - - - - - - - 59,690 15,687 - 615 19,557 - 95,549 (71,888 ) 23,661
Royalties income - - - - - - - - - 22,297 - - - 22,297 - 22,297
184,982 186,668 58,796 39,639 294,904 43,894 59,690 15,687 22,297 615 25,603 - 932,775 (71,950 ) 860,825

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
Uchucchacua (Operation)
Tambomayo
(Operation)

Orcopampa
(Operation)

Julcani
(Operation)

Colquijirca
(Operation)

La Zanja
(Operation)
Energy generation and transmission Insurance brokerage Rental of mining concessions Holding of investment in shares Industrial activities Corporate Total operating segments Adjustments and eliminations Total
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Year 2018
Revenues by type of customers:
Sales by customers -
External 257,840 225,339 153,240 33,864 339,414 96,600 - - - - 6,655 - 1,112,952 - 1,112,952
Inter-segment - - - - 167 - - - - - - - 167 (167 ) -
257,840 225,339 153,240 33,864 339,581 96,600 - - - - 6,655 - 1,113,119 (167 ) 1,112,952

Services -
External - - - - - - 9,015 14,986 - - - - 24,001 - 24,001
Inter-segment - - - - - - 53,947 - - 615 19,909 - 74,471 (74,471 ) -
- - - - - - 62,962 14,986 - 615 19,909 - 98,472 (74,471 ) 24,001
Royalties -
External - - - - - - - - 20,385 - - - 20,385 - 20,385
257,840 225,339 153,240 33,864 339,581 96,600 62,962 14,986 20,385 615 26,564 - 1,231,976 (74,638 ) 1,157,338

Revenues by geographic region:
Metal and concentrates sales -
Peru 170,986 63,049 10,808 15,261 257,559 2,770 - - - - 751 - 521,184 (167 ) 521,017
America- other than Peru - 159,530 142,432 - - 67,756 - - - - 906 - 370,624 - 370,624
Asia 29,382 - - 9,115 82,022 - - - - - - - 120,519 - 120,519
Europe 57,472 2,760 - 9,488 - 26,074 - - - - 4,998 - 100,792 - 100,792
257,840 225,339 153,240 33,864 339,581 96,600 - - - - 6,655 - 1,113,119 (167 ) 1,112,952
Services -
Peru - - - - - - 62,962 14,787 - 615 19,909 - 98,273 (74,561 ) 23,712
America - other than Peru - - - - - - - 199 - - - - 199 90 289
- - - - - - 62,962 14,986 - 615 19,909 - 98,472 (74,471 ) 24,001
Royalties -
Peru - - - - - - - - 20,385 - - - 20,385 - 20,385
257,840 225,339 153,240 33,864 339,581 96,600 62,962 14,986 20,385 615 26,564 - 1,231,976 (74,638 ) 1,157,338

Revenues by type of good or services:
Sales by metal -
Gold 11 150,939 149,092 28 18,463 93,358 - - - - - - 411,891 (14 ) 411,877
Silver 217,843 54,109 5,243 35,307 46,060 3,583 - - - - - - 362,145 (23 ) 362,122
Copper - - (221 ) 129 275,119 - - - - - - - 275,027 (266 ) 274,761
Zinc 45,194 18,197 - - 101,275 - - - - - - - 164,666 - 164,666
Lead 36,238 6,703 - 1,996 40,618 - - - - - - - 85,555 - 85,555
Manganese sulfate - - - - - - - - - - 6,655 - 6,655 - 6,655
299,286 229,948 154,114 37,460 481,535 96,941 - - - - 6,655 - 1,305,939 (303 ) 1,305,636
Commercial deductions (41,446 ) (4,609 ) (874 ) (3,596 ) (141,954 ) (341 ) - - - - - - (192,820 ) 136 (192,684 )
257,840 225,339 153,240 33,864 339,581 96,600 - - - - 6,655 - 1,113,119 (167 ) 1,112,952
Sales by services - - - - - - - 62,962 14,986 - 615 19,909 - 98,472 (74,471 ) 24,001
Royalties income - - - - - - - - - 20,385 - - - 20,385 - 20,385
257,840 225,339 153,240 33,864 339,581 96,600 62,962 14,986 20,385 615 26,564 - 1,231,976 (74,638 ) 1,157,338

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

Uchucchacua (Operation)
Orcopampa
(Operation)

Julcani
(Operation)

Tambomayo
(Operation)

Colquijirca
(Operation)

La Zanja
(Operation)
Construction and engineering Energy generation and transmission Insurance brokerage Rental of mining concessions Holding of investment in shares Industrial activities Corporate Total operating segments Adjustments and eliminations Total
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Year 2017
Revenues by type of customers:
Sales by customers -
External 266,482 256,957 41,120 118,376 333,097 132,108 - - - - - 6,317 34,016 1,188,473 - 1,188,473
Inter-segment - - - - - 31,887 - - - - - - - 31,887 (31,887 ) -
266,482 256,957 41,120 118,376 333,097 163,995 - - - - - 6,317 34,016 1,220,360 (31,887 ) 1,188,473

Services -
External - - - - - - 5,908 9,412 14,377 - - - - 29,697 - 29,697
Inter-segment - - - - - - 4,695 51,227 - - 615 19,658 - 76,195 (76,195 ) -
- - - - - - 10,603 60,639 14,377 - 615 19,658 - 105,892 (76,195 ) 29,697
Royalties -
External - - - - - - - - - 20,739 - - - 20,739 - 20,739
266,482 256,957 41,120 118,376 333,097 163,995 10,603 60,639 14,377 20,739 615 25,975 34,016 1,346,991 (108,082 ) 1,238,909

Revenues by geographic region:
Metal and concentrates sales -
Peru 209,300 17,774 13,049 34,337 239,317 32,607 - - - - - 852 705 547,941 (31,887 ) 516,054
America - other than Peru - 239,183 - 84,039 459 125,875 - - - - - 3,776 18,531 471,863 - 471,863
Asia 19,078 - 12,140 - 89,501 - - - - - - - - 120,719 - 120,719
Europe 38,104 - 15,931 - 3,820 5,513 - - - - - 1,689 14,780 79,837 - 79,837
266,482 256,957 41,120 118,376 333,097 163,995 - - - - - 6,317 34,016 1,220,360 (31,887 ) 1,188,473
Services -
Peru - - - - - - 10,014 60,639 14,205 - 615 19,658 - 105,131 (90,228 ) 14,903
America - other than Peru - - - - - - 589 - 172 - - - - 761 14,033 14,794
- - - - - - 10,603 60,639 14,377 - 615 19,658 - 105,892 (76,195 ) 29,697
Royalties -
Peru - - - - - - - - - 20,739 - - - 20,739 - 20,739
266,482 256,957 41,120 118,376 333,097 163,995 10,603 60,639 14,377 20,739 615 25,975 34,016 1,346,991 (108,082 ) 1,238,909

Revenues by type of good or services:
Sales by metal -
Gold 345 247,909 - 80,796 20,301 160,489 - - - - - - 32,875 542,715 (31,733 ) 510,982
Silver 256,608 9,595 40,384 27,285 54,629 4,434 - - - - - - 1,257 394,192 (935 ) 393,257
Copper - 598 192 - 267,737 - - - - - - - - 268,527 - 268,527
Zinc 31,814 - - 7,914 130,790 - - - - - - - - 170,518 - 170,518
Lead 32,244 - 4,660 4,735 44,318 - - - - - - - - 85,957 - 85,957
Manganese sulfate - - - - - - - - - - - 6,317 - 6,317 - 6,317
Indium 66 - - - - - - - - 66 - 66
321,011 258,102 45,236 120,730 517,841 164,923 - - - - - 6,317 34,132 1,468,292 (32,668 ) 1,435,624
Commercial deductions (54,529 ) (1,145 ) (4,116 ) (2,354 ) (184,744 ) (928 ) - - - - - - (116 ) (247,932 ) 781 (247,151 )
266,482 256,957 41,120 118,376 333,097 163,995 - - - - - 6,317 34,016 1,220,360 (31,887 ) 1,188,473
Sales by services - - - - - - - 10,603 60,639 14,377 - 615 19,658 - 105,892 (76,195 ) 29,697
Royalties income - - - - - - - - - - 20,739 - - - 20,739 - 20,739
266,482 256,957 41,120 118,376 333,097 163,995 10,603 60,639 14,377 20,739 615 25,975 34,016 1,346,991 (108,082 ) 1,238,909

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
32. Derivative financial instruments
Hedge derivative financial instruments -
(a) The volatility of copper prices during the last years has caused the Management of the subsidiary El Brocal to enter into future contracts.These contractsare intended to reduce the volatility of the cash flows attributable to the ~~consolidated financial statements~~fluctuations in the copper and zinc price in accordance with existing copper concentrate sales commitments, which are related to 50 percent of the annual production of copper and 25 percent of the production of two years of zinc, ~~(continued)~~
Equity accounted investees
Ucchuchacua
(Operation) Orcopampa
(Operation) Julcani
(Operation) Mallay
(Operation) Tambomayo
(Operation) Colquijirca
(Operation) La Zanja
(Operation) Exploration
and
development
mining
projects Construction
and
engineering Energy
generation
and
transmission Insurance
brokerage Rental of
mining
concessions Holding of
investment in
shares Industrial
activities Corporate Minera
Yanacocha
S.R.L. Sociedad
Minera Cerro
Verde S.A.A Compañía
Minera
Coimolache
S.A. Total
operating
segments Adjustments
and
eliminations Total
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Year 2017
Results:
Continuing operations
Operating income
Net sale of goods 272,334 256,960 42,785 36,736 118,966 322,653 165,319 - - - - - - 6,317 34,650 645,176 3,202,931 203,790 5,308,617 (4,084,675 ) 1,223,942
Net sale of services - - - - - - - - 10,603 60,639 14,377 - 615 19,658 - 21,870 - - 127,762 (98,065 ) 29,697
Royalty income - - - - - - - - - - - 20,739 - - - - - - 20,739 - 20,739
Total operating income 272,334 256,960 42,785 36,736 118,966 322,653 165,319 - 10,603 60,639 14,377 20,739 615 25,975 34,650 667,046 3,202,931 203,790 5,457,118 (4,182,740 ) 1,274,378
Operating costs
Cost of sales of goods (143,288 ) (115,574 ) (31,190 ) (22,783 ) (53,555 ) (193,874 ) (102,474 ) - - - - - - (6,043 ) (34,029 ) (746,918 ) (1,768,238 ) (121,021 ) (3,338,987 ) 2,711,554 (627,433 )
Cost of services - - - - - - - - (9,393 ) (25,556 ) - - - (9,354 ) - (2,062 ) - - (46,365 ) 33,411 (12,954 )
Exploration in operating units (27,068 ) (38,820 ) (13,009 ) (5,617 ) (9,543 ) - (871 ) - - - - - - - - - - - (94,928 ) - (94,928 )
Depreciation and amortization (23,899 ) (8,846 ) (8,122 ) (3,568 ) (42,789 ) (57,199 ) (48,385 ) - (129 ) (9,651 ) - - - (11,134 ) - - - - (213,722 ) - (213,722 )
Mining royalties (2,280 ) (22,436 ) (354 ) (333 ) (998 ) (3,317 ) (1,499 ) - - - - - - - - - - - (31,217 ) - (31,217 )
Total operating costs (196,535 ) (185,676 ) (52,675 ) (32,301 ) (106,885 ) (254,390 ) (153,229 ) - (9,522 ) (35,207 ) - - - (26,531 ) (34,029 ) (748,980 ) (1,768,238 ) (121,021 ) (3,725,219 ) 2,744,965 (980,254 )
Gross profit (loss) 75,799 71,284 (9,890 ) 4,435 12,081 68,263 12,090 - 1,081 25,432 14,377 20,739 615 (556 ) 621 (81,934 ) 1,434,693 82,769 1,731,899 (1,437,775 ) 294,124
Operating expenses, net
Administrative expenses (19,473 ) (18,281 ) (2,878 ) (2,931 ) (9,139 ) (13,061 ) (2,814 ) (1,604 ) (3,606 ) (2,423 ) (12,288 ) (90 ) (413 ) (1,203 ) 443 (4,760 ) - (3,829 ) (98,350 ) 14,753 (83,597 )
Exploration in non-operating areas (2,676 ) - - - (3,214 ) (1,976 ) (2,870 ) (2,771 ) - - - - - - (5,052 ) - - - (18,559 ) 297 (18,262 )
Selling expenses (6,078 ) (1,016 ) (605 ) (1,045 ) (1,387 ) (10,914 ) (881 ) - - (1,264 ) - - - (775 ) (167 ) (3,922 ) (141,669 ) (946 ) (170,669 ) 146,581 (24,088 )
Impairment loss of long-lived assets - - - - - - (21,620 ) - - - - - - - - - - - (21,620 ) - (21,620 )
Provision for contingences and others (7,040 ) (1 ) (460 ) (139 ) (1,002 ) - (1,370 ) (4,657 ) 100 312 - - - - 378 - - - (13,879 ) - (13,879 )
Write –off of stripping activity asset - - - - - (13,573 ) - - - - - - - - - - - - (13,573 ) - (13,573 )
Other, net (1,799 ) (715 ) (1,403 ) (359 ) (175 ) (2,922 ) (970 ) (94 ) 1,129 (94 ) (4 ) (1 ) - 216 (2,012 ) (63,512 ) (258,826 ) (587 ) (332,128 ) 318,539 (13,589 )
Total operating expenses, net (37,066 ) (20,013 ) (5,346 ) (4,474 ) (14,917 ) (42,446 ) (30,525 ) (9,126 ) (2,377 ) (3,469 ) (12,292 ) (91 ) (413 ) (1,762 ) (6,410 ) (72,194 ) (400,495 ) (5,362 ) (668,778 ) 480,170 (188,608 )
Operating profit (loss) 38,733 51,271 (15,236 ) (39 ) (2,836 ) 25,817 (18,435 ) (9,126 ) (1,296 ) 21,963 2,085 20,648 202 (2,318 ) (5,789 ) (154,128 ) 1,034,198 77,407 1,063,121 (957,605 ) 105,516
Other income (expense),net
Share in the results of associates under equity method - - - - - - - - - 8,573 - - (66,187 ) - 21,194 - - - (36,420 ) 49,627 13,207
Finance income - - - - - 179 670 - - 139 1 7 1 79 5,614 5,831 5,350 220 18,091 (12,574 ) 5,517
Net gain (loss) from currency exchange difference 31 (63 ) (75 ) (11 ) 10 310 48 537 105 294 (75 ) (41 ) (4 ) 497 1,365 3,636 13,288 (174 ) 19,678 (16,750 ) 2,928
Finance costs (285 ) (354 ) (106 ) (72 ) (372 ) (12,017 ) (1,919 ) (131 ) (370 ) (10,354 ) (6 ) (2 ) (2 ) (941 ) (8,980 ) (23,766 ) (216,912 ) (3,304 ) (279,893 ) 245,270 (34,623 )
Total other income (expense), net (254 ) (417 ) (181 ) (83 ) (362 ) (11,528 ) (1,201 ) 406 (265 ) (1,348 ) (80 ) (36 ) (66,192 ) (365 ) 19,193 (14,299 ) (198,274 ) (3,258 ) (278,544 ) 265,573 (12,971 )
Profit (loss) before income tax 38,479 50,854 (15,417 ) (122 ) (3,198 ) 14,289 (19,636 ) (8,720 ) (1,561 ) 20,615 2,005 20,612 (65,990 ) (2,683 ) 13,404 (168,427 ) 835,924 74,149 784,577 (692,032 ) 92,545
Income tax (1,101 ) (1,085 ) (153 ) (124 ) (538 ) (3,903 ) 6,841 - (400 ) (3,491 ) (742 ) (6,044 ) (38 ) 1,818 (9,052 ) (7,026 ) (486,043 ) (23,362 ) (534,443 ) 516,431 (18,012 )
Profit (loss) from continued operations 37,378 49,769 (15,570 ) (246 ) (3,736 ) 10,386 (12,795 ) (8,720 ) (1,961 ) 17,124 1,263 14,568 (66,028 ) (865 ) 4,352 (175,453 ) 349,881 50,787 250,134 (175,601 ) 74,533
Loss from discontinued operations, see note 1(e) (10,098 )
Net profit 64,435

Total assets 146,464 54,114 20,922 18,923 538,057 792,594 190,310 342,759 14,004 360,610 9,004 6,611 988,841 109,669 1,931,224 2,019,332 7,691,007 380,534 15,614,979 (11,282,166 ) 4,332,813
Total liabilities 49,723 42,242 18,099 6,092 32,501 388,899 87,008 14,527 5,153 205,247 4,616 2,378 414 20,245 425,413 1,360,217 2,501,845 150,743 5,315,362 (4,046,176 ) 1,269,186

Other segment information
Investment in associates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,536,887 - - - 1,536,887 - 1,536,887
Additions to mining concessions, development  costs, property, plant and equipment 18,127 12,674 1,951 1,796 131,119 61,060 17,326 13,733 3 852 14 - - 459 393 - - - 259,507 - 259,507
~~F-97~~
~~Notes~~according to the ~~consolidated financial statements~~risk strategy approved by the Board of Directors. ~~(continued)~~
There is an economic relationship between the hedged items and the hedging instruments as the terms of the foreign exchange and commodity forward contracts match the terms of the expected highly probable forecast transactions. The Group has established a hedge ratio of 1:1 for the hedging relationships as the underlying risk of the commodity forward contracts are identical to the hedged risk components. To test the hedge effectiveness, the Group uses the hypothetical derivative method and compares the changes in the fair value of the hedging instruments against the changes in fair value of the hedged items attributable to the hedged risks.
The hedge ineffectiveness can arise from:
Equity accounted investees
Ucchuchacua
(Operation) Orcopampa
(Operation) Julcani
(Operation) Mallay
(Operation) Tambomayo
(Operation) Colquijirca
(Operation) La Zanja
(Operation) Exploration
and
development
mining
projects Construction
and
engineering Energy
generation
and
transmission Insurance
brokerage Rental of
mining
concessions Holding of
investment in
shares Industrial
activities Corporate Minera
Yanacocha
S.R.L. Sociedad
Minera Cerro
Verde S.A.A Compañía
Minera
Coimolache
S.A. Total
operating
segments Adjustments
and
eliminations Total
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Year 2016
Results:
Continuing operations
Operating income
Net sale of goods 240,470 244,745 54,666 46,741 - 230,611 178,922 - - - - - - 5,982 191,075 761,193 2,384,154 198,873 4,537,432 (3,521,762 ) 1,015,670
Net sale of services - - - - - - - - 12,633 57,312 12,675 - 615 19,507 - 17,713 - - 120,455 (91,673 ) 28,782
Royalty income - - - - - - - - - - - 24,339 - - - - - - 24,339 - 24,339
Total operating income 240,470 244,745 54,666 46,741 - 230,611 178,922 12,633 57,312 12,675 24,339 615 25,489 191,075 778,906 2,384,154 198,873 4,682,226 (3,613,435 ) 1,068,791
Operating costs
Cost of sales of goods (118,561 ) (97,325 ) (23,633 ) (23,392 ) - (178,231 ) (80,873 ) - - - - - - (2,962 ) (190,041 ) (725,740 ) (1,553,040 ) (107,913 ) (3,101,711 ) 2,603,899 (497,812 )
Cost of services - - - - - - - - (9,732 ) (25,250 ) - - - (8,723 ) - (2,951 ) - - (46,656 ) 35,902 (10,754 )
Exploration in operating units (31,406 ) (45,111 ) (11,069 ) (7,960 ) - - (603 ) - - - - - - - - - - - (96,149 ) - (96,149 )
Depreciation and amortization (18,541 ) (11,403 ) (6,756 ) (11,393 ) - (53,637 ) (67,542 ) (27 ) (253 ) (10,904 ) - (16 ) (221 ) (10,968 ) (986 ) - - - (192,647 ) - (192,647 )
Mining royalties (1,687 ) (21,482 ) (381 ) (314 ) - (2,726 ) (1,021 ) - - - - - - - - - - - (27,611 ) - (27,611 )
Total operating costs (170,195 ) (175,321 ) (41,839 ) (43,059 ) - (234,594 ) (150,039 ) (27 ) (9,985 ) (36,154 ) - (16 ) (221 ) (22,653 ) (191,027 ) (728,691 ) (1,553,040 ) (107,913 ) (3,464,774 ) 2,639,801 (824,973 )
Gross profit (loss) 70,275 69,424 12,827 3,682 - (3,983 ) 28,883 (27 ) 2,648 21,158 12,675 24,323 394 2,836 48 50,215 831,114 90,960 1,217,452 (973,634 ) 243,818
Operating expenses
Administrative expenses (13,265 ) (13,810 ) (4,582 ) (2,708 ) (3,274 ) (11,802 ) (1,980 ) (3,750 ) (4,492 ) (2,450 ) (12,245 ) (112 ) (227 ) (635 ) (12,083 ) (8,780 ) - (4,144 ) (100,339 ) 18,647 (81,692 )
Exploration in non-operating areas - - - - (7,517 ) (1,939 ) (4,619 ) (9,585 ) - - - - - - (4,129 ) - - - (27,789 ) 1,200 (26,589 )
Selling expenses (4,632 ) (1,075 ) (845 ) (1,549 ) - (10,650 ) (938 ) - - (1,124 ) - - - (1,154 ) (115 ) (3,695 ) (131,391 ) (1,128 ) (158,296 ) 136,563 (21,733 )
Impairment loss of long-lived assets - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (889,499 ) - - (889,499 ) 889,499 -
Provision for contingencies 1,121 (110 ) (630 ) 49 69 - - (1,399 ) (286 ) (467 ) - - - - 1,088 - - - (565 ) - (565 )
Other, net 1,144 874 74 (372 ) 421 276 4,237 2,180 2,198 10,994 - 11 (16 ) 546 8,081 (122,151 ) (24,107 ) 755 (114,855 ) 133,812 18,957
Total operating expenses, net (15,632 ) (14,121 ) (5,983 ) (4,580 ) (10,301 ) (24,115 ) (3,300 ) (12,554 ) (2,580 ) 6,953 (12,245 ) (101 ) (243 ) (1,243 ) (7,158 ) (1,024,125 ) (155,498 ) (4,517 ) (1,291,343 ) 1,179,721 (111,622 )
Operating profit (loss) 54,643 55,303 6,844 (898 ) (10,301 ) (28,098 ) 25,583 (12,581 ) 68 28,111 430 24,222 151 1,593 (7,110 ) (973,910 ) 675,616 86,443 (73,891 ) 206,087 132,196
Other income (expense),net
Share in the results of associates under equity method - - - - - - - - - 4,579 (9 ) - (448,017 ) - (370,381 ) - - - (813,828 ) 448,507 (365,321 )
Finance income 3 3 1 - - 256 87 - 8 820 12 - 4 1 7,480 2,132 954 38 11,799 (4,969 ) 6,830
Net gain (loss) from currency exchange difference (203 ) (59 ) (61 ) (46 ) 57 (270 ) 65 505 5 (138 ) 426 (93 ) 5 222 2,223 (13,741 ) 7,857 (117 ) (3,363 ) 6,001 2,638
Finance costs (379 ) (197 ) (87 ) (41 ) (137 ) (12,554 ) (2,614 ) (163 ) (545 ) (10,564 ) (10 ) (2 ) (14 ) (962 ) (5,156 ) (15,107 ) (80,438 ) (1,614 ) (130,584 ) 99,004 (31,580 )
Total other income (expense), net (579 ) (253 ) (147 ) (87 ) (80 ) (12,568 ) (2,462 ) 342 (532 ) (5,303 ) 419 (95 ) (448,022 ) (739 ) (365,834 ) (26,716 ) (71,627 ) (1,693 ) (935,976 ) 548,543 (387,433 )
Profit (loss) before income tax 54,064 55,050 6,697 (985 ) (10,381 ) (40,666 ) 23,121 (12,239 ) (464 ) 22,808 849 24,127 (447,871 ) 854 (372,944 ) (1,000,626 ) 603,989 84,750 (1,009,867 ) 754,630 (255,237 )
Income tax (1,814 ) (1,895 ) (424 ) (365 ) - 7,851 (18,256 ) (245 ) (178 ) (9,224 ) (245 ) (6,761 ) - 461 (22,409 ) (43,126 ) (263,082 ) (27,894 ) (387,606 ) 334,102 (53,504 )
Profit (loss) from continued operations 52,250 53,155 6,273 (1,350 ) (10,381 ) (32,815 ) 4,865 (12,484 ) (642 ) 13,584 604 17,366 (447,871 ) 1,315 (395,353 ) (1,043,752 ) 340,907 56,856 (1,397,473 ) 1,088,732 (308,741 )
Loss from discontinued operations, see note 1(e) (19,073 )
Net loss (327,814 )
��
Total assets 105,950 46,085 25,118 16,958 415,341 763,092 246,106 330,169 22,481 379,964 6,226 7,439 427,439 120,038 2,593,838 2,045,825 7,635,623 334,555 15,522,247 (11,255,832 ) 4,266,415
Total liability 35,148 26,536 19,733 7,302 582 353,184 129,689 14,831 11,647 222,324 3,102 2,684 148 29,751 556,172 1,160,102 2,796,342 131,051 5,500,328 (4,281,126 ) 1,219,202

Other segment information
Investment in associates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,536,607 - - - 1,536,607 - 1,536,607
Additions to mining concessions, development  costs, property, plant and equipment 28,899 3,451 759 2,729 230,223 51,289 14,995 25,450 27 4,236 39 - - 3,719 1,018 - - - 366,834 - 366,834
~~F-98~~
- Differences in the timing of the cash flows of the hedged items and the hedging instruments
~~Notes~~
- Different indexes (and accordingly different curves) linked to the ~~consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
Equity accounted investees
Ucchuchacua
(Operation) Orcopampa
(Operation) Julcani
(Operation) Mallay
(Operation) Tambomayo
(Operation) Colquijirca
(Operation) La Zanja
(Operation) Exploration
and
development
mining
projects Construction
and
engineering Energy
generation
and
transmission Insurance
brokerage Rental of
mining
concessions Holding of
investment in
shares Industrial
activities Corporate Minera
Yanacocha
S.R.L. Sociedad
Minera Cerro
Verde S.A.A Compañía
Minera
Coimolache
S.A. Total
operating
segments Adjustments
and
eliminations Total
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Year 2015
Results:
Continuing operations
Operating income
Net sale of goods 166,055 254,118 50,254 32,018 - 171,294 161,007 - - - - - - 3,649 168,667 1,031,174 1,115,617 177,347 3,331,200 (2,484,931 ) 846,269
Net sale of services - - - - - - - - 48,758 48,339 11,929 - - 13,399 - 10,625 - - 133,050 (82,211 ) 50,839
Royalty income - - - - - - - - - - - 32,414 - - - - - - 32,414 - 32,414
Total operating income 166,055 254,118 50,254 32,018 - 171,294 161,007 - 48,758 48,339 11,929 32,414 - 17,048 168,667 1,041,799 1,115,617 177,347 3,496,664 (2,567,142 ) 929,522
Operating costs
Cost of sales of goods (126,728 ) (112,707 ) (26,725 ) (20,709 ) - (158,804 ) (106,750 ) - - - - - - - (169,236 ) (751,736 ) (862,004 ) (104,549 ) (2,439,948 ) 1,926,458 (513,490 )
Cost of services - - - - - - - - (48,544 ) (20,767 ) - - - (16,820 ) - (2,524 ) - - (88,655 ) 29,043 (59,612 )
Exploration in operating units (27,784 ) (41,705 ) (12,699 ) (7,539 ) - - (41 ) - - - - - - - - - - - (89,768 ) 69 (89,699 )
Depreciation and amortization (15,767 ) (17,313 ) (11,349 ) (15,439 ) - (45,752 ) (104,984 ) (17 ) (850 ) (10,260 ) - (54 ) (226 ) (9,545 ) (1,027 ) - - - (232,583 ) - (232,583 )
Mining royalties (1,142 ) (23,877 ) (337 ) (234 ) - - (1,597 ) - - - - - - - (1 ) - - - (27,188 ) - (27,188 )
Total operating costs (171,421 ) (195,602 ) (51,110 ) (43,921 ) - (204,556 ) (213,372 ) (17 ) (49,394 ) (31,027 ) - (54 ) (226 ) (26,365 ) (170,264 ) (754,260 ) (862,004 ) (104,549 ) (2,878,142 ) 1,955,570 (922,572 )
Gross profit (loss) (5,366 ) 58,516 (856 ) (11,903 ) - (33,262 ) (52,365 ) (17 ) (636 ) 17,312 11,929 32,360 (226 ) (9,317 ) (1,597 ) 287,539 253,613 72,798 618,522 (611,572 ) 6,950
Operating expenses
Administrative expenses (10,739 ) (16,698 ) (3,623 ) (2,080 ) (169 ) (19,181 ) (2,251 ) (1,275 ) (7,859 ) (3,422 ) (11,296 ) (106 ) (209 ) (654 ) (11,370 ) (26,325 ) - (2,185 ) (119,442 ) 35,070 (84,372 )
Exploration in non-operating areas - - - - (12,651 ) (2,366 ) (8,954 ) (3,241 ) - - - - - - (5,685 ) - - - (32,897 ) 2,287 (30,610 )
Selling expenses (3,552 ) (851 ) (1,055 ) (1,424 ) - (9,056 ) (1,207 ) - - (806 ) - - - (1,411 ) (3 ) (3,534 ) (56,215 ) (1,111 ) (80,225 ) 60,860 (19,365 )
Impairment loss of long-lived assets - - - - - - (3,803 ) - - - - - - - - - - (672 ) (4,475 ) 672 (3,803 )
Provision for contingencies - - - - - - - - - (472 ) - - - - 77 - - (395 ) - (395 )
Other, net 1,836 (1,182 ) (125 ) (67 ) 156 (2,657 ) (687 ) (1,251 ) 7,417 167 (4 ) - 793 98 6,252 (82,846 ) (26,600 ) 765 (97,935 ) 92,595 (5,340 )
Total operating expenses, net (12,455 ) (18,731 ) (4,803 ) (3,571 ) (12,664 ) (33,260 ) (16,902 ) (5,767 ) (442 ) (4,533 ) (11,300 ) (106 ) 584 (1,967 ) (10,729 ) (112,705 ) (82,815 ) (3,203 ) (335,369 ) 191,484 (143,885 )
Operating profit (loss) (17,821 ) 39,785 (5,659 ) (15,474 ) (12,664 ) (66,522 ) (69,267 ) (5,784 ) (1,078 ) 12,779 629 32,254 358 (11,284 ) (12,326 ) 174,834 170,798 69,595 283,153 (420,088 ) (136,935 )
Other income (expense),net
Share in the results of associates under equity method - - - - - - - - 6,561 478 2 - (187,269 ) - (268,463 ) - - - (448,691 ) 275,316 (173,375 )
Finance income 5 5 2 - - 154 16 - 182 23 13 - - - 10,785 673 512 23 12,393 (1,367 ) 11,026
Net gain (loss) from currency exchange difference 539 461 378 75 (63 ) (3,832 ) (1,973 ) (1,734 ) (1,393 ) (1,586 ) (165 ) 45 4 (2,162 ) (2,287 ) (251 ) (75,770 ) (1,300 ) (91,014 ) 77,321 (13,693 )
Finance costs (195 ) (235 ) (152 ) (108 ) (163 ) (10,096 ) (3,684 ) (52 ) (1,413 ) (8,817 ) (21 ) (4 ) (1 ) (842 ) (4,043 ) -22,734 (16,010 ) (51 ) (68,621 ) 41,049 (27,572 )
Total other income (expense), net 349 231 228 (33 ) (226 ) (13,774 ) (5,641 ) (1,786 ) 3,937 (9,902 ) (171 ) 41 (187,266 ) (3,004 ) (264,008 ) (22,312 ) (91,268 ) (1,328 ) (595,933 ) 392,319 (203,614 )
Profit (loss) before income tax (17,472 ) 40,016 (5,431 ) (15,507 ) (12,890 ) (80,296 ) (74,908 ) (7,570 ) 2,859 2,877 458 32,295 (186,908 ) (14,288 ) (276,334 ) 152,522 79,530 68,267 (312,780 ) (27,769 ) (340,549 )
Income tax (518 ) (602 ) (140 ) (78 ) - 4,109 5,702 - (4,386 ) (3,887 ) (299 ) (9,186 ) (87 ) 584 (5,975 ) (602,717 ) (46,246 ) (29,861 ) (693,587 ) 678,824 (14,763 )
Profit (loss) from continued operations (17,990 ) 39,414 (5,571 ) (15,585 ) (12,890 ) (76,187 ) (69,206 ) (7,570 ) (1,527 ) (1,010 ) 159 23,109 (186,995 ) (13,704 ) (282,309 ) (450,195 ) 33,284 38,406 (1,006,367 ) 651,055 (355,312 )
Loss from discontinued operations, see note 1(e) (20,233 )
Net loss (375,545 )

Total assets 86,961 51,746 27,228 24,279 168,835 739,941 220,331 303,484 31,463 393,318 5,979 9,397 997,835 118,012 3,067,988 2,965,430 7,852,692 238,175 17,303,094 (12,755,913 ) 4,547,181
Total liability 16,663 14,817 6,538 2,803 9,100 364,455 106,846 4,590 29,599 235,695 3,457 3,508 2,831 31,479 465,244 736,605 3,354,318 63,119 5,451,667 (4,293,722 ) 1,157,945

Other segment information
Investment in associates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2,043,983 - - - 2,043,983 - 2,043,983
Additions to mining concessions, development  costs, property, plant and equipment 20,245 8,198 1,323 2,259 77,093 37,571 27,741 26,740 527 6,159 85 - 1,205 2,140 - - - - 211,286 - 211,286
~~F-99~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~Reconciliation of segment profit (loss)~~
~~The reconciliation of segment profit (loss) to the consolidated profit (loss) from continued operations follows:~~
2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Segments profit (loss) from continued operations 250,134 (1,397,473 ) (1,006,367 )
Elimination of profit of equity accounted investees, not consolidated (owned by third parties) (225,215 ) 645,989 203,912
Elimination of intercompany sales (108,973 ) (251,502 ) (232,380 )
Elimination of intercompany cost of sales 106,726 250,157 228,914
Elimination of share in the results of subsidiaries and associates 49,627 448,507 448,691
Others 2,234 (4,419 ) 1,918

Consolidated profit (loss) from continued operations 74,533 (308,741 ) (355,312 )
~~Reconciliation of segment assets~~
~~The reconciliation of segment assets to the consolidated assets follows:~~
2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Segments assets 15,614,979 15,522,247 17,303,094
Elimination of assets of equity accounted investees, not consolidated (owned by third parties) (10,090,873 ) (10,016,003 ) (8,128,519 )
Elimination of equity pick up investments of the subsidiaries and associates of the Parent company (1,186,783 ) (1,047,758 ) (4,486,717 )
Elimination of intercompany receivables (32,769 ) (192,958 ) (138,703 )
Others 28,259 887 (1,974 )

Consolidated assets 4,332,813 4,266,415 4,547,181
~~Reconciliation of segment liabilities~~
~~The reconciliation of segment liabilities to the consolidated liabilities follows:~~
2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Segments liabilities 5,315,362 5,500,328 5,451,667
Elimination of liabilities of equity accounted investees, not consolidated (4,012,805 ) (4,087,495 ) (4,154,042 )
Elimination of intercompany payables (32,769 ) (192,958 ) (138,703 )
Others (602 ) (673 ) (977 )

Consolidated liabilities 1,269,186 1,219,202 1,157,945
~~F-100~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~31.~~ ~~Derivative financial instruments~~
~~Hedge derivative financial instruments -~~
~~(a)~~ ~~The volatility of copper prices during the last years has caused the Management of the subsidiary El Brocal to enter into future contracts which are recorded under cash flow accounting, see note~~ ~~2.4(v).These contracts managed during 2017~~ ~~are intended to reduce the volatility of the cash flows attributable to the fluctuations in the cooper price, from January to December 2018, in accordance with existing copper concentrate sales commitments, which are related to 50 percent of the annual production of copperaccording to the~~hedged risk ~~strategy approved by the Board of Directors of this subsidiary.~~
The counterpart fair value as of December 31, 2017, net of deferred income tax, amounts to a liability balance of US$19,602,000 (US$2,723,000 as of December 31, 2016), and it is shown in the caption "Other reserves of equity".
~~The table below presents the composition of open transactions included in thehedge derivative financial instruments asof December 31, 2017:~~
Quotations
Period of settlement MT Fixed Futures Fair value
US$(000)
January 2018 3,000 5,972 – 6,050 7,275 (3,788 )
February 2018 3,000 5,972 – 6,050 7,260 (3,736 )
March 2018 3,000 5,972 – 6,050 7,247 (3,693 )
April 2018 3,000 5,805 – 6,050 7,259 (3,973 )
May 2018 3,000 5,900 – 6,300 7,269 (3,484 )
June 2018 3,000 5,900 – 6,325 7,277 (3,468 )
July 2018 3,000 5,960 - 6,350 7,285 (3,359 )
August 2018 3,000 6,520 7,290 (2,288 )
September 2018 3,000 7,100 7,296 (580 )
October 2018 3,000 7,200 7,300 (296 )
November 2018 3,000 7,300 7,305 (13 )
December 2018 3,000 7,300 7,309 (27 )

36,000 (28,705 )
~~F-101~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~The table below presents the composition of open transactions included in thehedge derivative financial instruments asof December 31, 2016:~~
Quotations
Period of settlement MT Fixed Futures Fair value
US$(000)
January 2017 2,542 4,917 5,526 (1,548 )
February 2017 2,270 5,001 5,530 (1,199 )
March 2017 1,795 4,860 5,535 (1,208 )
April 2017 500 5,720 5,536 92
7,107 (3,863 )
~~(b)~~ ~~Embedded derivative of commercial contracts -~~
The Group’s sales of concentrates are based on commercial contracts, under which a provisional sales value is determined based on future quotations (forward). The adjustment to sales is considered an embedded derivative, which is required to be separated from the host contract. Commercial contracts are linked to market prices (London Metal Exchange) at the dates of the ~~expected settlements of the open positions as of December 31, 2017~~hedged items and ~~2016.~~ hedging instruments
- The ~~embedded derivative does not qualify for hedge accounting; therefore, changes in~~counterparties’ credit risk differently impacting the fair value ~~are recorded as an adjustment to net sales.~~
~~Embedded derivatives held by~~movements of the ~~Group as of December 31, 2017 are:~~
~~Quotations~~ hedging instruments and hedged items
~~Metal~~ ~~Quantity~~ ~~Period of~~
~~quotations~~ ~~Provisional~~ ~~Future~~ ~~Fair value~~
~~2018~~ ~~US$~~ ~~US$~~ ~~US$(000)~~
~~Copper~~ ~~24,846 DMT~~ ~~January – March~~ ~~6,645.36 – 6,841.95~~ ~~7,112.50 – 7,275.00~~ ~~2,508~~
~~Gold~~ ~~64,898 DMT~~ ~~January – March~~ ~~1,256.45 – 1,317.67~~ ~~1,258.00 – 1,317.10~~ ~~1,066~~
~~Silver~~ ~~326,095 Oz~~ ~~January – April~~ ~~16.02 – 18.00~~ ~~16.07 – 17.21~~ ~~1,815~~
~~Lead~~ ~~22,735 DMT~~ ~~January – April~~ ~~2,333.23 – 3,110.69~~ ~~2,488 – 2,579.75~~ ~~229~~
~~Zinc~~ ~~54,603 DMT~~ ~~January – April~~ ~~3,103.72 – 3,275.47~~ ~~3,226.50 – 3,343.50~~ ~~1,806~~
~~Total asset, net~~ ~~7,424~~
~~F-102~~
~~Notes~~
- Changes to the ~~consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~Embedded derivatives held by the Group as~~forecasted amount of ~~December 31, 2016 are:~~
~~Quotations~~
~~Metal~~ ~~Quantity~~ ~~Period of~~
~~quotations~~ ~~Provisional~~ ~~Future~~ ~~Fair value~~
~~2017~~ ~~US$~~ ~~US$~~ ~~US$(000)~~
~~Copper~~ ~~29,121 DMT~~ ~~January - April~~ ~~2,985.28 – 5,824.00~~ ~~5,535.76 – 5,642.25~~ ~~397~~
~~Gold~~ ~~15,370 DMT~~ ~~January – February~~ ~~1,139.75 – 1,145.90~~ ~~1,151.00 – 1,179.40~~ ~~481~~
~~Silver~~ ~~17,124 Oz~~ ~~January - April~~ ~~16.32 – 19.35~~ ~~16.42 – 16.66~~ ~~(1,825~~ )
~~Lead~~ ~~23,636 DMT~~ ~~January - April~~ ~~1,871.58 – 2,380.60~~ ~~2,017.00 – 2,080.00~~ ~~(801~~ )
~~Zinc~~ ~~29,407 DMT~~ ~~January – March~~ ~~2,291.08 – 2,732.10~~ ~~2,578.00 – 2,612.50~~ ~~(172~~ )
~~Other~~ ~~15,082 Oz~~ ~~396~~
~~Total liability, net~~ ~~(1,524~~ )cash flows of hedged items and hedging instruments

For the years 2019, 2018 and 2017, no hedge ineffectiveness was recorded.
As of December 31, 2019, there are not any hedge contract. As of December 31, 2018, the fair value of the hedge contracts amounts to an assets of US$2.8 million. The counterparty in ORI as of December 31, 2018, net of deferred income tax, amounts to a positive balance of US$1,946,000, and it is show in the equity account of “Other reserves of equity”. During 2019, 2018 and 2017, the effect in profit or loss was a gain of US$4.3 million, loss of US$1.4 million and loss of US$10.9 million, respectively, and it is show in the “Net sales of goods” caption, see note 20(b).

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
The table below presents the composition of open transactions included in thehedge derivative financial instruments as of December 31, 2018:
Quotations
Quotation period Metric Ton Fixed Futures Fair value
US$(000)
January 2019 1,000 7,345 5,961 1,381
February 2019 1,000 7,352 5,968 1,378

2,000 2,759
~~32.~~ 33. Financial - risk management objectives and policies

The Group’s principal financial liabilities, other than derivatives, comprise of trade accounts and other payables, and financial obligations. The main purpose of these financial instruments is to finance the Group’s operations. The Group’s principal financial assets include cash and cash equivalents and trade and other receivables that derive directly from its operations.
The Group is exposed to market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The Group’s Management oversees the management of these risks. A committee that advises on financial risks supports it. This committee provides assurance to management that the Group’s financial risk activities are governed by appropriate policies and procedures and that financial risks are identified, measured and managed in accordance with the Group’s policies and risk objectives. All derivative activities for risk management purpose are carried out by internal specialists that have the appropriate skills, experience and supervision.
There were no changes in the objectives, policies or processes during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.
The Board of Directors reviews and agrees policies for managing each of these risks, which are described below:

~~The Group is exposed to market~~
(a) Market risk credit risk and liquidity risk. The Group’s Management oversees the management of these risks. It is supported by a committee that advises on financial risks. This committee provides assurance to management that the Group's financial risk activities are governed by appropriate policies and procedures and that financial risks are identified, measured and managed in accordance with the Group’s policies and risk objectives. All derivative activities for risk management purpose are carried out by internal specialists that have the appropriate skills, experience and supervision.-
Market risk is the risk that the fair value of the future cash flows from financial instruments will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. Market risks that apply to the Group comprise four types of risk: exchange rate risk, commodity risk, interest rate risk and other risk of price, such as the risk of the stock price. Financial instruments affected by market risks include time deposits, financial obligations, embedded derivatives and derivative financial instruments.
The sensitivity analyses in this section relate to the positions as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 and have been prepared considering that the proportion of financial instruments in foreign currency are constant.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

~~There were no changes in the objectives, policies or processes during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.~~
~~The Board of Directors reviews and agrees policies for managing each of these risks, which are described below:~~
(a.1) Exchange rate risk
The exchange rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rates. The Group’s exposure to the risk of changes in foreign exchange relates primarily to the Group´s operating activities in soles. The Group mitigates the effect of exposure to exchange-rate risk by carrying out almost all of its transactions in its functional currency.

~~(a)~~ ~~Market risk -~~
Market risk is the risk that the fair value of the future cash flows from financial instruments will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. Market risks that apply to the Group comprise four types of risk: exchange rate risk, commodity risk, interest rate risk and other risk of price, such as the risk of the stock price. Financial instruments affected by market risks include time deposits, financial obligations, embedded derivatives and derivative financial instruments.
~~F-103~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
The sensitivity analyses in this section relate to the positions as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, and have been prepared considering that the proportion of financial instruments in foreign currency are constant.
Excluding loans in soles, Management maintains smaller amounts in soles in order to cover its needs in this currency (primarily taxes).

~~(a.1)~~ ~~Exchange rate risk~~
The exchange rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rates. The Group’s exposure to the risk of changes in foreign exchange relates primarily to the Group´s operating activities in Soles. The Group mitigates the effect of exposure to exchange-rate risk by carrying out almost all of its transactions in its functional currency.
A table showing the effect on results of a reasonable change in foreign-currency exchange rates is presented below, with all other variables kept constant:
Exchange-rate
increase/decrease
Effect on profit
(loss) before
income tax
US$(000)

2019
Exchange rate 10 % 4,053
Exchange rate (10 %) (3,545 )

2018
Exchange rate 10 % 1,695
Exchange rate (10 %) (1,681 )

2017
Exchange rate 10 % 2,474
Exchange rate (10 %) (2,459 )

~~Excluding loans in soles, Management maintains smaller amounts in Soles in order to cover its needs in this currency (primarily taxes).~~
(a.2) Commodity price risk
The Group is affected by the price volatility of the commodities. The price of mineral sold by the Group has fluctuated historically and affected by numerous factors beyond its control.
~~A table showing the effect on results of a reasonable change in foreign-currency exchange rates is presented below, with all other variables kept constant:~~
Exchange-rate
increase/decrease Effect on profit (loss)
before income tax
US$(000)
2017
Exchange rate +10 % 2,474
Exchange rate -10 % (2,459 )

2016
Exchange rate +10 % (924 )
Exchange rate -10 % 926

2015
Exchange rate +10 % 6,233
Exchange rate -10 % (7,618 )

~~(a.2)~~ ~~Commodity price risk~~
The Group is affected by the price volatility of the commodities. The price of mineral sold by the Group has fluctuated historically and is affected by numerous factors beyond its control. The Group manages its commodity price risk primarily through the use of sales commitments in customer contracts and hedge contracts for the metals sold by the subsidiary El Brocal.
The subsidiary El Brocal entered into derivative contracts that qualified as cash flow hedges, with the intention of covering the risk resulting from the fall in the prices of the metals. These derivative contracts are recorded as assets or liabilities in the statements of financial position and are stated at fair value. To the extent that these hedges were effective in offsetting future cash flows from the sale of the related production, changes in fair value are deferred in an equity account.
The Group manages its commodity price risk primarily using sales commitments in customer contracts and hedge contracts for the metals sold by the subsidiary El Brocal.
The subsidiary El Brocal entered into derivative contracts that qualified as cash flow hedges, with the intention of covering the risk resulting from the fall in the prices of the metals. These derivative contracts are recorded as assets or liabilities in the statements of financial position and are stated at fair value. To the extent that these hedges were effective in offsetting future cash flows from the sale of the related production, changes in fair value are deferred in an equity account under “Other reserves of equity”. The deferred amounts were reclassified to the appropriate sales when production was sold.

~~F-104~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
(a.3) ~~Interest rate risk -~~
Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The Group’s exposure to the risk of changes’ in market interest rates relates to the Groups’ long-term financial obligations with floating interest rates.
-
~~A table showing the effect in profit or loss of the variations of interest rates:~~
Increase/decrease
of Libor rate Effect on results
(percentage rates) US$(000)
2017
Interest rate +10 (677 )
Interest rate -10 677

2016
Interest rate +10 333
Interest rate -10 (333 )

2015
Interest rate +10 294
Interest rate -10 (294 )
~~(b)~~ ~~Credit risk -~~
Credit risk is the risk that counterparty will not meet its obligations under a financial instrument or customer contract, leading to a financial loss. The Group is exposed to credit risk from its operating activities (primarily trade receivable) and from its financing activities, including deposits with banks and other financial instruments.
~~The Group invests the excess cash in financial leading institutions, sets conservative credit policies and constantly evaluates the market conditions in which it operates.~~
Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The Group’s exposure to the risk of changes’ in market interest rates relates to the Groups’ long-term financial obligations with floating interest rates.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

A table showing the effect in profit or loss of the variations of interest rates:
Increase/decrease of
LIBOR Effect on profit
(loss) before
income tax
(percentage rates) US$(000)
2019
Interest rate 10 (306 )
Interest rate (10 ) 306

2018
Interest rate 10 (277 )
Interest rate (10 ) 277

2017
Interest rate 10 (677 )
Interest rate (10 ) 677
(b) Credit risk -
Credit risk is the risk that counterparty will not meet its obligations under a financial instrument or customer contract, leading to a financial loss. The Group is exposed to credit risk from its operating activities (primarily trade receivable) and from its financing activities, including deposits with banks and other financial instruments.
The Group invests the excess cash in financial leading institutions, sets conservative credit policies and constantly evaluates the market conditions in which it operates. Trade accounts receivable are denominated in U.S. dollars. The Group’s sales are made to domestic and foreign customers. See concentration of spot sales in note 20(b). An impairment analysis is performed on an individual basis.

Credit risk is limited to the carrying amount of the financial assets to the date of consolidated statements of financial position, which is composed, by cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables and derivative financial instruments.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
Set out below is the information about the credit risk exposure on the Group’s trade and other receivables:
Days past due
Current <30 days 30 – 90 days >90 days Total
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

As of December 31, 2019 -
Trade receivables 204,096 - - 22,016 226,112
Other receivables 125,409 42,390 4,332 10,006 182,137
Expected credit loss - - - (32,022 ) (32,022 )

Total 329,505 42,390 4,332 - 376,227
As of December 31, 2018 -
Trade receivables 146,701 - - 22,013 168,714
Other receivables 58,584 44,773 2,250 10,089 115,696
Expected credit loss - - - (32,102 ) (32,102 )

Total 205,285 44,773 2,250 - 252,308
(c) Liquidity risk -
Prudent management of liquidity risk implies maintaining sufficient cash and cash equivalents and the possibility of committing or having financing committed through an adequate number of credit sources. The Group believes that maintains suitable levels of cash and cash equivalents and has sufficient credit capacity to get access to lines of credit in leading financial entities.
The Group continually monitors its liquidity risk based on cash flow projections.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
An analysis of the Group’s financial liabilities classified according to their aging is presented below, based on undiscounted contractual payments:
Less than Between 1 Between 2 More than 5
1 year and 2 years and 5 years years Total
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

As of December 31, 2019 -
Bank loans 55,486 - - - 55,486
Trade and other payables 152,070 616 - - 152,686
Financial obligation – capital 262,088 131,588 125,154 48,568 567,398
Financial obligation – interest 22,597 11,225 11,880 1,449 47,151
Lease – capital 3,692 1,514 2,297 - 7,503
Lease – interest 73 143 404 - 620
Contingent consideration liability - - 4,905 35,166 40,071

Total 496,006 145,086 144,640 85,183 870,915

As of December 31, 2018 -
Bank loans 95,613 - - - 95,613
Trade and other payables 176,811 639 - - 177,450
Financial obligation – capital 46,166 346,401 195,463 - 588,030
Financial obligation – interest 31,017 28,359 6,024 - 65,400
Contingent consideration liability - - 5,904 32,472 38,376

Total 349,607 375,399 207,391 32,472 964,869
(d) Capital management -
For purposes of the Group’s capital management, capital is based on all equity accounts. The objective of capital management is to maximize shareholder value.
The Group manages its capital structure and makes adjustments to meet the changing economic market conditions. The Group’s policy is to fund all projects of short and long term with their own operating resources. To maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group may change the policy of paying dividends to shareholders, return capital to shareholders or issue new shares.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
34. Fair value measurement
Fair value disclosure of assets and liabilities according to its hierarchy -
The following table provides the fair value measurement hierarchy of the Group’s assets and liabilities:
Fair value measurement using:
Total
Quoted prices
in active
markets
(Level 1)

Observable
inputs
(Level 2)

Unobservable inputs
(Level 3)

US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

As of December 31, 2019 -
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value:
Fair value of account receivable 165,546 - 165,546 -
Contingent consideration liability 16,410 - - 16,410
Hedge instruments - - - -

As of December 31, 2018 -
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value:
Fair value of account receivable 107,549 - 107,549 -
Contingent consideration liability 15,755 - - 15,755
Hedge instruments 2,759 - 2,759 -
Financial instruments whose fair value is similar to their book value –
For financial assets and liabilities such as cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, trade and other payables that are liquid or have short-term maturities (less than three months), it is estimated that their book value is similar to their fair value. The derivatives are also recorded at the fair value so that differences do not need to be reported.
The fair value of account receivable is determined using valuation techniques with information directly observable in the market (future metal quotations).
Financial instruments at fixed and variable rates -
The fair value of financial assets and liabilities at fixed and variable rates at amortized cost is determined by comparing the market interest rates at the time of their initial recognition to the current market rates with regard to similar financial instruments. The estimated fair value of deposits that accrue interest is determined by means of cash flows discounted using the prevailing market interest rates in the currency with similar maturities and credit risks.
Based on the foregoing, there are no important existing difference between the value in books and the fair value of the assets and financial liabilities as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.
There were no transfers between Level 1and Level 2 during 2019.
During 2019 and 2018, the fair value of the investment property amounted to US$544,000. There is not an independent valuation for investment property.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
35. Events after the reporting period
COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019)
Our operations are subject to risks related to outbreaks of infectious diseases. For example, the recent outbreak of coronavirus COVID-19, a virus causing potentially deadly respiratory tract infections originating in China, has already and will continue to negatively cause further volatility in prices of precious metals. Additionally, a severe market disruption will likely entail decreased demand for our products and otherwise impact our operations and the operations of our customers, suppliers and other stakeholders. The Peruvian Government has issued a series of executive decrees declaring a national emergency and significantly restricting general circulation throughout the country.
In accordance with these restrictions and within the framework of the Company’s pandemic response plan, we have limited our operations to those which are strictly necessary to ensure that our mine pumping systems, water treatment plants, energy supply, hydroelectric substations, health services and overall minimum safety conditions remain in place. Other than in respect of these minimum back-up operations, as of the date of this annual report, our mining processing facilities are completely halted. The company intends to immediately resume operations once it receives notice from the authorities that restrictions have been lifted. The ultimate severity of the Coronavirus outbreak is uncertain at this time and therefore we cannot predict the impact it may have on the world, the Peruvian economy, international financial markets, or ultimately on our financial condition, results of operations, production, sales, margins and cash flow from operations, our access to debt markets, covenants compliance, asset impairments, among others.
Syndicated Term Loan
On April 2, 2020, we entered into a second amendment to the Syndicated Term Loan, pursuant to which, as of the date of this annual report, borrowings under the Syndicated Term Loan bear interest at a rate per annum equal to LIBOR plus 1.90%. Principal under the Syndicated Term Loan shall be payable in five consecutive and semi-annual installments of US$41,250,000 beginning in October 2022 and one final payment of US$68,750,000 in April 2025 (on which date all amounts outstanding shall be payable).

~~F-105~~

~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~

~~(c)~~ ~~Liquidity risk -~~
Prudent management of liquidity risk implies maintaining sufficient cash and cash equivalents and the possibility of committing or having financing committed through an adequate number of credit sources. The Group maintains suitable levels of cash and cash equivalents and has sufficient credit capacity to get access to lines of credit in leading financial entities.
~~The Group continually monitors its liquidity risk based on cash flow projections.~~
~~An analysis of the Group’s financial liabilities classified according to their aging is presented below, based on undiscounted contractual payments:~~
Less than
1 year Between 1
and 2 years Between 2
and 5 years More than 5
years Total
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

As of December 31,2017 -
Bank loans 96,580 - - - 96,580
Trade and other payables 219,379 663 - - 220,042
Derivative financial instruments 28,705 - - - 28,705
Financial obligation 110,062 148,718 449,689 - 708,469
Contingent consideration liability - - 9,280 28,469 37,749

Total 454,726 149,381 458,969 28,469 1,091,545

As of December 31,2016 -
Bank loans 55,000 - - - 55,000
Trade and other payables 253,062 - - 15,982 269,044
Derivative financial instruments 3,863 - - - 3,863
Embedded derivative for sale of concentrates 1,524 - - - 1,524
Financial obligation 70,420 113,070 503,029 - 686,519
Contingent consideration liability - 3,305 6,603 32,840 42,748

Total 383,869 116,375 509,632 48,822 1,058,698
~~F-106~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~
Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. and Subsidiary ~~(continued)~~

~~(d)~~ ~~Capital management -~~
~~For purposes of the Group's capital management, capital is based on all equity accounts. The objective of capital management is to maximize shareholder value.~~
~~The Group manages its capital structure~~
Consolidated Financial Statements for the years 2019, 2018 and makes adjustments to meet the changing economic market conditions. The Group's policy is to fund all projects of short and long term with their own operating resources. To maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group may change the policy of paying dividends to shareholders, return capital to shareholders or issue new shares.
~~33.~~ ~~Fair value measurement~~
~~Fair value disclosure of assets and liabilities according to its hierarchy -~~
~~The following table provides the fair value measurement hierarchy of the Group’s assets and liabilities:~~
Fair value measurement using
Total Quoted prices
in active
markets
(Level 1) Quoted prices
in active
markets
(Level 2) Quoted prices
in active
markets
(Level 3)
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
As of December 31,  2017
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value:
-  Embedded derivatives for concentrates sales, net 7,424 - 7,424 -
- Contingent consideration liability 17,570 - - 17,570
-  Hedge instruments 28,705 - 28,705 -
As of December 31,  2016
Liabilities measured at fair value:
-  Embedded derivatives for concentrates sales, net 1,524 - 1,524 -
- Contingent consideration liability 19,343 - - 19,343
-  Hedge instruments 3,863 - 3,863 -
~~Financial instruments whose fair value is similar to their book value –~~
For financial assets and liabilities such as cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, trade and other payables that are liquid or have short-term maturities (less than three months), it is estimated that their book value is similar to their fair value. The derivatives are also recorded at the fair value so that differences do not need to be reported.
~~The fair value of embedded derivatives is determined using valuation techniques with information directly observable in the market (future metal quotations).~~
~~F-107~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~Financial instruments at fixed and variable rates -~~
The fair value of financial assets and liabilities at fixed and variable rates at amortized cost is determined by comparing the market interest rates at the time of their initial recognition to the current market rates with regard to similar financial instruments. The estimated fair value of deposits that accrue interest is determined by means of cash flows discounted using the prevailing market interest rates in the currency with similar maturities and credit risks.
~~Based on the foregoing, there are no important existing difference between the value in books and the fair value of the assets and financial liabilities as of December 31,~~ 2017, ~~and 2016.~~
~~F-108~~
Mi~~nera Yanacocha S.R.L. and Subsid~~i~~ary~~
~~Consolidated Financial Statements for the years 2017, 2016 and 2015,~~ together with the Report of Independent Auditors Registered Public Accounting Firm

~~F-109~~
F-124

~~Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. and Subsidiary~~
~~Consolidated Financial Statements for the years 2017, 2016 and 2015, together with the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm~~
~~Content~~
~~Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm~~ ~~F-111~~
~~Consolidated Financial Statements~~
~~Consolidated statements of financial position~~ ~~F-113~~
~~Consolidated statements of comprehensive income~~ ~~F-114~~
~~Consolidated statements of changes in equity~~ ~~F-115~~
~~Consolidated statements of cash flows~~ ~~F-116~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~F-117~~
~~F-110~~
~~Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm~~
~~To the Partners and the Board of Directors of Minera Yanacocha S.R.L.~~
~~Opinion on the Financial Statements~~
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. and subsidiary (the Company) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company at December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board which differ in certain respects from the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (see notes 23 and 24 to the consolidated financial statements).
~~Basis for Opinion~~
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
~~F-111~~
~~Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm~~ ~~(continued)~~
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
~~Paredes, Burga & Asociados S. Civil de R. L.~~
~~A member practice of Ernst & Young Global Limited~~
~~/s/ Victor Burga~~
~~We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2015~~
~~Lima, Peru,~~
~~April 27, 2018~~
~~F-112~~
~~Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. and Subsidiary~~
~~Consolidated statements of financial position~~
~~As of December 31, 2017 and 2016~~
Note 2017 2016
US$(000) US$(000)

Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents 5 675,014 677,524
Trade and other receivables, net 6 36,800 40,975
Prepaid income tax 31,945 18,175
Value added tax credit 43,684 73,227
Inventories, net 7 70,646 71,298
Stockpiles and ore on leach pads, net 8 196,638 226,357
Prepaid expenses 408 337
Total current assets 1,055,135 1,107,893

Non-current assets
Trade and other receivables, net 6 11,520 -
Available-for-sale financial assets 9 23,000 16,454
Stockpiles and ore on leach pads, net 8 60,760 111,889
Property, plant and equipment, net 10 855,881 794,831
Intangible assets, net 13,099 14,818
Total non-current assets 964,260 937,992
Total assets 2,019,395 2,045,885

Current liabilities
Trade and other payables 11 83,820 66,474
Current provisions 12 39,495 68,662
Total current liabilities 123,315 135,136

Non-current provisions 12 1,236,965 1,025,025
Total liabilities 1,360,280 1,160,161

Partners' equity, net
Partners' contributions 13 398,216 398,216
Additional paid-in-capital (47,685 ) 226
Retained earnings 308,584 487,282
Total equity 659,115 885,724
Total liabilities and partners’ equity, net 2,019,395 2,045,885
~~The accompanying notes are an integral part of this consolidated financial statement.~~
~~F-113~~
~~Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. and Subsidiary~~
~~Consolidated statements of comprehensive income~~
~~For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015~~
Note 2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Operating income
Revenue from sales 15 645,176 761,193 1,031,174
Other operating income 21,870 17,713 10,625
Total gross income 667,046 778,906 1,041,799

Costs applicable to sales 16 (746,918 ) (776,394 ) (758,033 )
Other operating costs (2,062 ) (2,951 ) (2,524 )
Total operating costs (748,980 ) (779,345 ) (760,557 )
Gross (loss) profit (81,934 ) (439 ) 281,242

Operating expenses
Operating expenses, net 17 (63,514 ) (71,496 ) (82,846 )
Administrative expenses 18 (4,760 ) (8,780 ) (20,028 )
Selling expenses (3,921 ) (3,695 ) (3,534 )
Impairment loss 10(b) - (889,499 ) -
Total operating expenses (72,195 ) (973,470 ) (106,408 )
Operating (loss) profit (154,129 ) (973,909 ) 174,834

Other expenses, net
Finance income 5,831 2,132 673
Finance costs 19 (23,766 ) (15,107 ) (22,734 )
Net (loss) gain from currency exchange difference 3,636 (13,741 ) (251 )
Total other expenses, net (14,299 ) (26,716 ) (22,312 )
(Loss) income before income tax (168,428 ) (1,000,625 ) 152,522
Income tax expense 14(c) (7,026 ) (43,127 ) (602,717 )
Loss for the year (175,454 ) (1,043,752 ) (450,195 )

Comprehensive loss:
Loss for the year (175,454 ) (1,043,752 ) (450,195 )
Other comprehensive income (loss) to be reclassified as profit or loss in subsequent periods:
Changes in the fair value of available-for-sale financial asset, net of tax effect (3,244 ) 651 (757 )
Total comprehensive loss for the year (178,698 ) (1,043,101 ) (450,952 )
~~The accompanying notes are an integral part of this consolidated financial statement.~~
~~F-114~~
Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Financial Statements for the years 2019, 2018 and 2017, together with the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Content
Report of Independent Auditors F-125
Consolidated Financial Statements
Consolidated statements of financial position F-127
Consolidated statements of comprehensive income F-128
Consolidated statements of changes in equity
~~For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015~~
Capital
stock Adicional Paid-in-
capital Retanied earnings Other reserves Total
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

As of January 1, 2015 398,216 226 2,279,490 1,845 2,679,777
Loss for the year - - (450,195 ) - (450,195 )
Other comprehensive income for the year - - - (757 ) (757 )
Total comprehensive loss - - (450,195 ) (757 ) (450,952 )

As of December 31, 2015 398,216 226 1,829,295 1,088 2,228,825
Loss for the year - - (1,043,752 ) - (1,043,752 )
Other comprehensive loss for the year - - - 651 651
Total comprehensive loss - - (1,043,752 ) 651 (1,043,101 )
Dividends declared and paid, note 13(c) - - (300,000 ) - (300,000 )

As of December 31,2016 398,216 226 485,543 1,739 885,724
Loss for the year - - (175,454 ) - (175,454 )
Other comprehensive loss for the year - - (3,244 ) (3,244 )
Total comprehensive loss - - (175,454 ) (3,244 ) (178,698 )
Treasury shares, note 1 - (47,911 ) - - (47,911 )
As of December 31, 2017 398,216 (47,685 ) 310,089 (1,505 ) 659,115
~~The accompanying notes are an integral part of this consolidated financial statement.~~
~~F-115~~ F-129
~~Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. and Subsidiary~~
Consolidated ~~statement~~statements of cash flows
~~For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015~~
Note 2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Cash flow from operating activities
Loss for the year (175,454 ) (1,043,752 ) (450,195 )
Adjustments to reconcile profit after income tax to net cash flows from operating activities:
Impairment loss 10(b) - 889,499 -
Depreciation and amortization 16 87,783 140,712 223,142
Deferred income tax 14(c) - - 483,804
Unwinding of discount of the provision for reclamation 12(b) 21,769 14,104 22,075
Write-off of fixed assets 17 1,368 14,036 2,411
Loss (gain) for fixed asset sales (603 ) (311 ) 508
Write-down of ore on leach pads to realizable value 8(b) 77,385 100,179 64,497
Reversal of the write-down of on leach pads to realizable value 8(b) (99,219 ) (106,103 ) (137,293 )
Allowance for obsolescence of materials and supplies 7(b) 1,804 (609 ) 1,049
Working capital adjustments:
Net (increase) decrease in operating assets:
Trade and other receivables (7,345 ) (14,586 ) 41,842
Prepaid Income Tax (13,770 ) (18,175 ) -
Value added tax credit 29,543 7,414 3,701
Inventories and Stockpiles and ore on leach pads 103,334 99,237 120,113
Prepaid expenses (71 ) 180 160
Available for sale financial assets 9 (5,000 ) - -
Net (increase) decrease in operating liabilities:
Trade and other payables 17,346 (10,654 ) (60,569 )
Income tax payable - (12,346 ) (23,090 )
Provisions 77,296 91,842 (6,698 )
Reclamation liabilities paid 12(b) (21,376 ) (10,467 ) (11,007 )

Net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities 94,790 140,200 274,450

Cash flow from investing activities
Purchase of property, plant and equipment (51,624 ) (106,908 ) (118,429 )
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment 17 2,235 471 1,116

Net cash and cash equivalents used in investing activities (49,389 ) (106,437 ) (117,313 )

Cash flow from financing activities
Dividends declared and paid 13(c) - (300,000 ) -
Payments for treasury shares 1 (47,911 ) - -

Net cash and cash equivalents used in financing activities (47,911 ) (300,000 ) -

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents (2,510 ) (266,237 ) 157,137
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 677,524 943,761 786,624

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 675,014 677,524 943,761
Transactions with no effects in cash flows:
Addition of asset retirement and mine closure 97,326 351,798 10,434
~~The accompanying notes are an integral part of this consolidated financial statement.~~
~~F-116~~ F-130
~~Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. and Subsidiary~~
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
~~For the years 2017, 2016 and 2015~~
F-131

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Partners and the Board of Directors of Minera Yanacocha S.R.L.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. and subsidiary (the Company) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company at December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board which differ in certain respects from the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (see notes 24 and 25 to the consolidated financial statements).
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm(continued)
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Paredes, Burga & Asociados S. Civil de R. L.
A member practice of Ernst & Young Global Limited
/s/Mayerling Zambrano R.
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2015.
Lima, Peru,
April 8, 2020

Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. and Subsidiary
Consolidated statements of financial position
As of December 31, 2019 and 2018
Note 2019 2018
US$(000) US$(000)
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents 5 818,503 723,208
Trade and other receivables, net 6 18,962 32,610
Prepaid income tax - 19,239
Value added tax credit 32,831 29,828
Inventories, net 7 54,245 54,527
Stockpiles and ore on leach pads, net 8 134,923 100,593
Prepaid expenses 991 753

Total current assets 1,060,455 960,758

Non-current assets
Restricted cash 13 48,617 48,127
Trade and other receivables, net 6 23,648 23,290
Financial instruments at fair value 9 24,417 22,610
Stockpiles and ore on leach pads, net 8 105,023 138,778
Property, plant and equipment, net 10 1,038,294 840,454
Intangible assets, net 10,547 12,384
Deferred tax asset 15(g) 1,071 1,071

Total non-current assets 1,251,617 1,086,714

Total assets 2,312,072 2,047,472

Liabilities and partners’ equity
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables 11 76,484 83,464
Income tax payable 15(j) 23,153 3,552
Current provisions, other accruals and liabilities 12 90,940 41,154

Total current liabilities 190,577 128,170
Non-current liabilities
Debt instruments 13 43,927 42,430
Non-current provisions, other accruals and liabilities 12 1,587,856 1,293,149

Total non-current liabilities 1,631,783 1,335,579
Total liabilities 1,822,360 1,463,749

Partners’ equity
Partners’ contributions 14 378,505 378,505
Additional paid-in-capital (21,758 ) (21,758 )
Retained earnings 133,315 228,572
Other reserves (350 ) (1,596 )

Total equity 489,712 583,723

Total liabilities and partners’ equity 2,312,072 2,047,472
The accompanying notes are an integral part of this consolidated financial statement

Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. and Subsidiary
Consolidated statements of comprehensive income
For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
Note 2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Revenue from contracts with customers
Sales 16 734,526 658,653 670,905
Other operating revenue 16 4,776 21,965 21,870
Total revenue 739,302 680,618 692,775

Costs applicable to sales 17 (692,721 ) (619,424 ) (772,647 )
Other operating costs (1,160 ) (2,217 ) (2,062 )
Total operating costs (693,881 ) (621,641 ) (774,709 )
Gross profit (loss) 45,421 58,977 (81,934 )

Operating expenses
Operating expenses, net 18 (35,987 ) (76,155 ) (63,514 )
Administrative expenses 19 (1,744 ) (2,783 ) (4,760 )
Selling expenses (1,722 ) (2,627 ) (3,921 )
Total operating expenses (39,453 ) (81,565 ) (72,195 )
Operating profit (loss) 5,968 (22,588 ) (154,129 )

Finance income 2.4(n)(iv) 18,430 11,448 5,831
Finance costs 20 (57,629 ) (39,024 ) (23,766 )
Net gain (loss) from currency exchange difference 2,902 (2,056 ) 3,636
Loss before income tax (30,329 ) (52,220 ) (168,428 )
Income tax expense 15(h) (64,928 ) (29,297 ) (7,026 )
Loss for the year (95,257 ) (81,517 ) (175,454 )

Comprehensive loss:
Loss for the year (95,257 ) (81,517 ) (175,454 )
Other comprehensive (loss) income to be reclassified as profit or loss in subsequent periods:
Fair value of financial instruments 1,246 (91 ) (3,244 )

Total comprehensive loss for the year (94,011 ) (81,608 ) (178,698 )
The accompanying notes are an integral part of this consolidated financial statement

Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. and Subsidiary
Consolidated statements of changes in equity
For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
Capital
stock
Additional
Paid-in-capital

Retained
earnings
Other
reserves Total
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

As of January 1, 2017 398,216 226 485,543 1,739 885,724
Loss for the year - - (175,454 ) - (175,454 )
Other comprehensive income for the year - - - (3,244 ) (3,244 )
Total comprehensive loss - - (175,454 ) (3,244 ) (178,698 )
Treasury shares, note 14(a) - (47,911 ) - - (47,911 )
As of December 31, 2017 398,216 (47,685 ) 310,089 (1,505 ) 659,115
Loss for the year - - (81,517 ) - (81,517 )
Other comprehensive loss for the year - - - (91 ) (91 )
Total comprehensive loss - - (81,517 ) (91 ) (81,608 )
Treasury shares reduction, note 14(a) (19,711 ) 19,711 - - -
Proceeds from sale of shares, note 13 19,471 28,440 - - 47,911
Acquisition of debt instruments, note 13 (19,471 ) (22,224 ) - - (41,695 )
As of December 31,2018 378,505 (21,758 ) 228,572 (1,596 ) 583,723
Loss for the year - - (95,257 ) - (95,257 )
Other comprehensive income for the year - - - 1,246 1,246
Total comprehensive loss - - (95,257 ) 1,246 (94,011 )

As of December 31, 2019 378,505 (21,758 ) 133,315 (350 ) 489,712
The accompanying notes are an integral part of this consolidated financial statement

Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. and Subsidiary
Consolidated statement of cash flows
For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
Note 2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Cash flow from operating activities
Loss for the year (95,257 ) (81,517 ) (175,454 )
Adjustments to reconcile profit after income tax to net cash flows from operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 17 144,862 156,212 87,783
Provision of closure mines 17 142,129 16,285 124,214
Deferred income tax 15(f) - (1,071 ) -
Unwinding of discount of the provision for closure mines 12(b) 36,709 36,015 21,769
Unwinding of discount of debt instruments 20 1,497 735 -
Write-off of fixed assets 18 1,204 - 1,368
Loss (gain) for fixed asset sales 18 (5,996 ) 624 (603 )
Write-down of ore inventories to realizable value 8(b) 33,464 90,365 77,385
Reversal of the write-down of on ore inventories to realizable value 8(b) (74,666 ) (63,778 ) (99,219 )
Allowance for obsolescence of materials and supplies 7(b) (1,417 ) 439 1,804
Working capital adjustments:
Net (increase) decrease in operating assets:
Trade and other receivables 13,290 (7,580 ) (7,345 )
Income tax collected (paid) 19,239 14,160 5,400
Value added tax credit (3,003 ) 13,856 29,543
Inventories and stockpiles and ore on leach pads 42,326 7,120 103,334
Prepaid expenses (238 ) (345 ) (71 )
Financial assets at fair value 9 (561 ) 299 (5,000 )
Net increase (decrease) in operating liabilities:
Trade and other payables (6,980 ) 1,708 17,800
Income tax payable 32,201 8,897 8,287
Provisions, other accruals and liabilities 30,082 (2,494 ) (46,918 )
Closure of mining units paid 12(b) (23,889 ) (19,842 ) (21,376 )
284,996 170,088 122,701
Income tax paid (12,600 ) (8,863 ) (27,911 )
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities 272,396 161,225 94,790

Cash flow from investing activities
Purchase of property, plant and equipment 10 (184,403 ) (117,636 ) (51,624 )
Restricted cash 13 (490 ) (48,127 ) -
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment 18 8,088 4,821 2,235

Net cash and cash equivalents used in investing activities (176,805 ) (160,942 ) (49,389 )

Cash flow from financing activities
Proceeds from sale of shares 13 - 47,911 -
Payments for treasury shares 14(a) - - (47,911 )
Payment of principal portion of lease liabilities 2.3 (296 ) - -

Net cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in) financing activities (296 ) 47,911 (47,911 )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 95,295 48,194 (2,510 )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 723,208 675,014 677,524
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 818,503 723,208 675,014

Transactions with no effects in cash flows:
Addition of asset retirement and mine closure 10 158,967 27,275 97,326
Increase of right-of-use assets 10 1,045 - -
The accompanying notes are an integral part of this consolidated financial statement.

Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. and Subsidiary
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
For the years 2019, 2018 and 2017
1. 1. Identification and business activities ~~of the Company~~
~~(a)~~ ~~Identification -~~
Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. hereinafter “the Company”, was incorporated in Peru on January 14, 1992 and commenced operations in 1993. The Company is currently engaged in the production, exploration and development of gold under the mining concessions it owns or that are owned by S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca ("Chaupiloma"). Future projects include the production, exploration and development of cooper as well.
The Company is 54.05% owned by Newmont Second Capital Corporation, a 100% indirectly owned subsidiary of Newmont Mining Corporation ("Newmont", the ultimate Parent company) and 45.95% owned by Compañia Minera Condesa S.A., which is 100% owned by Compañia de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. (“Buenaventura”).
On December 22, 2017 Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. purchased back 63,922,565 partnership interests owned by International Finance Corporation (“IFC”) for US$47,910,585, which represented the 5% of the capital stock of the Company.
~~The majority Partners~~ of the Company ~~(or their affiliates) also own the majority~~
(a) Identification -
Minera Yanacocha S.R.L. hereinafter “the Company” or “Yanacocha”, was incorporated in Peru on January 14, 1992 and commenced operations in 1993. The Company is currently engaged in the production, exploration and development of gold under the mining concessions it owns or that are owned by S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca (“Chaupiloma”). Future projects could include the production, exploration and development of copper as well.
The Company is 51.35% owned by Newmont Second Capital Corporation, a 100% indirectly owned subsidiary of Newmont Mining Corporation (“Newmont”, the ultimate Parent company), 43.65% owned by Compañia Minera Condesa S.A., which is 100% owned by Compañia de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. (“Buenaventura”) and 5% owned by Summit Global Management II VB, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sumitomo Corporation, see note 13.
The controlling Partners of the Company (or their affiliates) also own the controlling interest in Chaupiloma. In accordance with a mining lease agreement, amended and effective on January 1, 1994, the Company pays Chaupiloma a 3% royalty based on quarterly production sold at current market prices, after deducting refinery and transportation costs. The royalty agreement expires in 2032.

~~(b)~~ ~~Business activities-~~
The Company's operations are located near Cajamarca, province of Peru and currently include the following open pit mines: Chaquicocha, Cerro Yanacocha, La Quinua Complex (La Quinua, El Tapado, El Tapado Oeste), Western Oxide pits (La Quinua Sur and Cerro Negro Oeste), Eastern Oxide pits (Quecher Norte) and Carachugo Alto. Mining activities in Maqui Maqui, Marleny and Cerro Negro Este ceased during 2016. The Company has four leach pads, three processing facilities, one limestone processing facility (China Linda) and one mill. Yanacocha’s gold processing plants are located adjacent to the solution storage ponds and are used to process gold-bearing solutions from Yanacocha’s leach pads through a network of solution-pumping facilities and the Yanacocha Gold Mill processes high-grade gold ore to produce a gold-bearing solution for treatment at the La Quinua processing plant, followed by Merrill - Crowe zinc precipitation and smelting where a final dore product is poured. The dore is then shipped offsite for refining and is sold on the worldwide gold markets.
The Company’s legal domicile is at La Paz avenue No. 1049 office 401, Miraflores, Lima Peru.

(b) Business activities-
In order to perform its activities, the Company is required to obtain mining concessions or provisional permits for exploration and processing concessions for the treatment of mining ores from the Peruvian Ministry of Energy and Mines (“MEM”). Under Peru’s current legal and regulatory regime, these mining and processing rights are maintained by meeting a minimum annual level of production or investment and by the annual payment of a concession fee. A fine is payable for the years in which minimum production or investment requirements are not met. The Company holds mining concessions which exploration and processing rights do not expires as long as the Company comply with the legal requirements. To date the Company has complied with all the applicable legal requirements related to its concession rights.
The Company’s operations are located approximately 375 miles (604 kilometers) north of Lima and 30 miles (48 kilometers) north of the city of Cajamarca and are primarily accessible by paved roads. The Yanacocha property began production in 1993 and consists of the following open pit mines: the La Quinua Complex, the Yanacocha Complex, the Carachugo Complex and Maqui Maqui. In addition, The Company has four leach pads (La Quinua, Yanacocha, Carachugo and Maqui Maqui), three gold processing plants (Pampa Larga, Yanacocha Norte and La Quinua), one limestone processing facility (China Linda) and one mill (Yanacocha Gold Mill).
~~F-117~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~(continued)
The La Quinua Complex is currently mining material from the La Quinua Sur and the Tapado Oeste Layback and is scheduled to finish mining operations in 2020.
The Yanacocha Complex mines material from the Yanacocha Layback and Yanacocha Pinos, which are scheduled to finish mining operations in 2020, respectively. The Yanacocha Complex began operations in 1997 and has had limited mining operations in recent years.
The Carachugo Complex and Maqui Maqui mined material from multiple mines that are no longer in operation. In addition, the Carachugo Complex processes material from the Quecher Main project, which is a new open pit within the existing footprint of Yanacocha. This project will add oxide production at Yanacocha and will extend the life of the Yanacocha operation to 2027.
Yanacocha’s gold processing plants are located adjacent to the solution storage ponds and are used to process gold-bearing solutions from Yanacocha’s leach pads through a network of solution-pumping facilities and the Yanacocha Gold Mill processes high-grade gold ore to produce a gold-bearing solution for treatment at the La Quinua processing plant, followed by Merrill - Crowe zinc precipitation and smelting where a final dore product is poured. The dore is then shipped offsite for refining and is sold on the worldwide gold markets.
Gold mining requires the use of specialized facilities and technology. The Company relies heavily on such facilities and technology to maintain production levels. Also, the cash flows and profitability of the Company’s operations are significantly affected by the market price of gold. Gold prices can fluctuate widely and are affected by numerous factors beyond the Company’s control. During 2019, 2018 and 2017 the Company produced 527,000, 515,000 and 660,000 ounces of gold, respectively.
Brownfield exploration and development for new reserves is ongoing, including the development of the Quecher Main project within the existing footprint of Yanacocha. In addition, we continue to evaluate the potential for mining sulfide gold and copper mineralization.
Quecher Main project
This project is expected to add oxide production at Yanacocha, leverage existing infrastructure and enable potential future growth at Yanacocha. First production was achieved in late 2018 with commercial production started on October of 2019. The Quecher Main extends the life of the Yanacocha operation to 2027 with average annual gold production of about 200,000 ounces unaudited per year (on a consolidated basis) between 2020 and 2025. Development capital costs (excluding capitalized interest) since approval were US$193 million (US$96.8 million for the year 2019).
Conga project
The Conga Project consists of two gold-copper porphyry deposits located northeast of the Yanacocha operating area in the provinces of Celendin, Cajamarca and Hualgayoc. There is no exploration and (or) development of new reserves, the reserve balances reported for Conga in 2014 were reclassified to mineralized material in 2015.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
Construction activities on the Conga project were suspended on November 30, 2011, at the request of Peru’s central government following increasing protests in Cajamarca by anti-mining activists led by the regional president. At the request of the Peruvian central government, the environmental impact assessment prepared in connection with the project, which was previously approved by the central government in October 2010, was reviewed by independent experts in an effort to resolve allegations around the environmental viability of Conga. This review concluded that the environmental impact assessment complied with international standards and provided some recommendations to improve water management. Yanacocha has focused on the construction of water reservoirs prior to the development of other project facilities. However, development of Conga is contingent upon generating acceptable project returns and getting local community and government support. Under the current social and political environment, the Company does not anticipate being able to develop Conga for at least the next five years. Due to the uncertainty surrounding the project’s development, the Company has allocated its exploration and development capital to other projects in recent years, and the Conga project is currently in care and maintenance. Should the Company be unable to develop the Conga project, the Company may have to consider other alternatives for the project, which may result in a future impairment charge. The total assets at Conga as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 were US$458.2 million and US$484.5 million, respectively.
Sulfides project
This project represents a stream of sulfide resources development that will be achieved by processing high-grade metal dominant sulfide ores from Yanacocha Verde Phase 1 and Chaquicocha underground deposits within Yanacocha’s operational footprint, through an integrated process flow sheet that includes the addition of new flotation, pressure oxidation, neutralization, solvent extraction and electrowinning facilities. The Sulfides project is in the development stage, and the Company expects to begin with the construction of the project in the first quarter of the year 2021.

Gold mining requires the use of specialized facilities and technology. The Company relies heavily on such facilities and technology to maintain production levels. Also, the cash flows and profitability of the Company's operations are significantly affected by the market price of gold. Gold prices can fluctuate widely and are affected by numerous factors beyond the Company's control. During 2017, 2016 and 2015, the Company produced 0.53 million, 0.66 million and 0.92 million ounces of gold, respectively.
~~Quecher Main project~~
This project will add oxide production at Yanacocha, leverage existing infrastructure and enable potential future growth at Yanacocha. First production is expected in early 2019 with commercial production in the fourth quarter of 2019. Quecher Main extends the life of the Yanacocha operation to 2027 with average annual gold production of about 200,000 ounces per year (on a consolidated basis) between 2020 and 2025. Development capital costs (excluding capitalized interest) since approval were US$12 million, all of which related to the fourth quarter of 2017.
~~Conga project~~
The Conga Project consists of two gold-copper porphyry deposits located northeast of the Yanacocha operating area in the provinces of Celendin, Cajamarca and Hualgayoc. There is no exploration and/or development of new reserves as development of the project's development and reserve balances reported for Conga in 2014 were reclassified to mineralized material in 2015.
Construction activities on Conga project were suspended on November 30, 2011, at the request of Peru’s central government following increasing protests in Cajamarca by anti-mining activists led by the regional president. At the request of the Peruvian central government, the environmental impact assessment prepared in connection with the project, which was previously approved by the central government in October 2010, was reviewed by independent experts in an effort to resolve allegations around the environmental viability of Conga. This review concluded that the environmental impact assessment complied with international standards and provided some recommendations to improve water management. Yanacocha has focused on the construction of water reservoirs prior to the development of other project facilities. However, development of Conga is contingent upon generating acceptable project returns and getting local community and government support. Under the current social and political environment, the Company does not anticipate being able to develop Conga for at least the next five years. Due to the uncertainty surrounding the project’s development, the Company has allocated its exploration and development capital to other projects in recent years, and the Conga project is currently in care and maintenance. Should the Company be unable to develop the Conga project, the Company may have to consider other alternatives for the project, which may result in a future impairment charge.The total assets at Conga as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 were US$494.7 million and US$502.8 million, respectively.
~~F-118~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
(c) Approval ~~of consolidated financial statements -~~
The consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2017 were approved by the Company’s Management on February 27, 2018 and, in its opinion, will be approved without changes at the Partners’ Meeting to be held within the terms established by Law.
~~The consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 were issued with the approval of the Partners’ Meeting held on March 31, 2017~~
2. ~~Basis for preparation, consolidation and accounting policies~~
~~2.1.~~ ~~Basis of preparation -~~
The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) issued by the International Accounting Standard Board (“IASB”) and interpretations issued by the IFRS Interpretations Committee (“IFRIC”), in effect at December 31, 2017.
~~The consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost basis, except for available-for-sale financial assets which are measured at their fair value.~~
~~The consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars and all values are rounded to the nearest thousands, except when otherwise indicated.~~
~~The preparation~~ of consolidated financial statements ~~requires that Management use judgments, estimates and assumptions, as detailed in note 3.~~-
The consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2019 were approved by the Company’s Management on April 8, 2020, and subsequent events have been considered through that date. They will then be presented for approval by the Company’s shareholders in the first half of 2020. Those shareholders have the authority to approve and or otherwise modify the consolidated financial statements.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

~~These~~
2. Basis for preparation, consolidation and accounting policies
2.1. Basis of preparation -
The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standard Board (“IASB”).
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost basis, except for accounts receivables and financial assets which are measured at their fair value.
The consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars and all values are rounded to the nearest thousands, except when otherwise indicated.
The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires that Management use judgments, estimates and assumptions, as detailed in note 3.
The Company adopted IFRS 16, Leases on January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective approach, and accordingly, no comparative information is included on the prior periods. See note 2.3.
Besides the comparative information arising from the application of IFRS 16 mentioned in the previous paragraph, these consolidated financial statements provide comparative information in respect of the prior periods.

2.2. Basis of consolidation -
The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiary (San Jose Reservoir Trust, a separate Peruvian legal entity created to ensure the continuity of the Company’s operations in the San Jose Reservoir after the end of operations at Yanacocha).

Control is achieved when the Company is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. Specifically, the Company controls an investee if, and only if, the Company has:

- Power over the investee (i.e., existing rights that give it the current ability to direct the relevant activities of the investee).
- Exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee.
- The ability to use its power over the investee to affect its returns.
~~F-119~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~

Generally, there is a presumption that a majority of voting rights result in control. To support this presumption and when the Company has less than a majority of the voting or similar rights of an investee, the Company considers all relevant facts and circumstances in assessing whether it has power over an investee, including:

- The contractual arrangement with the other vote holders of the investee.
- Rights arising from other contractual arrangements.
- The Company’s voting rights and potential voting rights or a combination of rights.

The Company re-assesses whether or not it controls an investee if facts and circumstances indicate that there are changes to one or more of the three elements of control. Consolidation of a subsidiary begins when the Company obtains control over the subsidiary and ceases when the Company loses control of the subsidiary. Assets, liabilities, income and expenses of a subsidiary acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date the Company gains control until the date the Company ceases to control the subsidiary.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
When necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of the subsidiary to bring its accounting policies into line with the Company’s accounting policies.
All intra-group assets and liabilities, equity, income, expenses and cash flows are eliminated in full on consolidation.
A change in the ownership interest of a subsidiary, without a loss of control, is accounted for as an equity transaction.

~~When necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of the subsidiary to bring its~~
2.3. Changes in accounting policies ~~into line with the Company’s accounting policies.~~
~~All intra-group assets~~ and ~~liabilities, equity, income, expenses and cash flows are eliminated in full on consolidation.~~
~~A change in the ownership interest of a subsidiary, without a loss of control, is accounted for as an equity transaction.~~disclosures -
The Company applied IFRS 16 Leases and IFRIC 23 Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatment for the first time. The nature and effect of the changes as a result of adoption of this new accounting standards is described below.

~~2.3.~~ ~~Changes in accounting policies and disclosures -~~
~~Certain standards and~~
Several other amendments and interpretations apply for the first time in 2019, but do not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company. The Company has not early adopted any standards, interpretations or amendments that have been issued but are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2017 However, they do not impact the annual consolidated financial statements of the Company and, hence, have not been disclosed. The Company has not early adopted any standard, interpretation or amendment that has been issued but is not yet effective.

IFRS 16 Leases
IFRS 16 supersedes IAS 17 Leases, IFRIC 4 Determining whether an Arrangement contains a Lease, SIC-15 Operating Leases-Incentives and SIC-27 Evaluating the Substance of Transactions Involving the Legal Form of a Lease. The standard sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases and requires lessees to recognize most leases on the balance sheet.
Lessor accounting under IFRS 16 is substantially unchanged from IAS 17. Lessors will continue to classify leases as either operating or finance leases using similar principles as in IAS 17. Therefore, IFRS 16 does not have an impact for leases where the Company is the lessor.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
The Company adopted IFRS 16 using the modified retrospective approach with accumulative-effect adjustment recorded at beginning of the period of adoption (January 1, 2019). Therefore, upon adoption, the Company recognize and measure leases without revising comparative period information or disclosure. The Company also elected to use the recognition exemptions for lease contracts that, at the commencement date, have a lease term of 12 months or less and do not contain a purchase option (short-term leases), and lease contracts for which the underlying asset is of low value (low-value assets).
The effect of adopting IFRS 16 is, as follows:
Impact on the consolidated statement of financial position

31 December
2019

1 January
2019

US$(000) US$(000)
Assets
Right-of-use assets 584 342
Total 584 342
Liabilities
Provisions and other accruals 596 362
Total 596 362
Impact on the consolidated statement of profit or loss
31 December
2019
US$(000)
Cost of sales (depreciation) (270 )
Operating profit (270 )
Finance costs (36 )
Profit or loss for the period (306 )
Impact on the consolidated statement of cash flows
31 December
2019
US$(000)
Lease payments (270 )
Interest paid (26 )
Net cash flows (296 )
There is no impact on other comprehensive income.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
The lease liabilities were determined using an incremental borrow rate of 5.23%. In addition, the reconciliation between the balance of assets and liabilities as of January 1, 2019 under IFRS 16 compared with operating leases under IAS 17 as of December 31, 2018 is as follows:
US$(000)
Operating lease commitments disclosed as of December 31, 2018 450
Exceptions:
-           Short-term leases not recognized as a liability (88 )
Additional lease liability recognized as of January 1, 2019 362
Plus: Lease liability already recognized as of December 31, 2018 -
Lease liability as of January 1, 2019 362
IFRIC Interpretation 23 Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatment
The Interpretation addresses the accounting for income taxes when tax treatments involve uncertainty that affects the application of IAS 12 Income Taxes. It does not apply to taxes or levies outside the scope of IAS 12, nor does it specifically include requirements relating to interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax treatments. The Interpretation specifically addresses the following:
- Whether an entity considers uncertain tax treatments separately.
- The assumptions an entity makes about the examination of tax treatments by taxation authorities.
- How an entity determines taxable profit (tax loss), tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax credits and tax rates.
- How an entity considers changes in facts and circumstances.
The Company applies significant judgement in identifying uncertainties over income tax treatments. Therefore, it assessed whether the Interpretation had an impact on its consolidated financial statements. Upon adoption of the Interpretation, the Company considered whether it has any uncertain tax positions, particularly those relating to deductible expenses. The Company’s tax filings include deductions related to deductible expenses and the taxation authorities may challenge those tax treatments. The Company determined, based on its tax compliance that it is probable that its tax treatments will be accepted by the taxation authorities.
The Interpretation did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
F-138
Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
2.4. Summary of significant accounting policies and practices -
~~(a)~~ ~~Foreign currencies -~~
~~The consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, which is also the Company's functional currency.~~
~~Transactions and balance~~
~~Transactions in foreign currency (a currency other than functional currency) are initially recorded by the Company at the exchange rates prevailing at the time of the transactions.~~
~~F-120~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
(a) Foreign currencies -
The consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, which is also the Company's functional currency.
Transactions and balance
Transactions in foreign currency (a currency other than functional currency) are initially recorded by the Company at the exchange rates prevailing at the time of the transactions published by the Superintendence of Banking and Insurance and Pension Fund Administrators (AFP for its acronym in Spanish).

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in other currencies are translated into the U.S. dollar at exchange rates prevailing at the statements of financial position dates. Gains or losses from exchange differences arising from the settlement or translation of monetary assets and liabilities are recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Non-monetary assets and liabilities recognized in terms of historical cost are translated using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the initial transactions.

Transactions in Soles (S/)
Transactions in Soles are completed using exchange rates published by the AFP. As of December 31, 2019, the exchange rates for U.S. dollars published by this Institution were US$0.3020 for buying and US$0.3015 for selling (US$0.2968 for buying and US$0.2959 for selling as of December 31, 2018), and have been applied by the Company for the assets and liabilities accounts, respectively.
As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company presents the following assets and liabilities originally denominated in Soles by its equivalent in U.S. dollars:
2019 2018
US$(000) US$(000)

Assets
Cash and cash equivalents 5,140 7,563
Trade and other receivables 27,990 27,335
Prepaid income tax - 19,239
Value added tax credit 32,831 29,828
Total assets 65,961 83,965

Liabilities
Trade and other payables 13,085 9,586
Income tax payable 23,153 3,552
Provisions, other accruals and liabilities
29,633 3,970
Total liabilities 65,871 17,108
Net asset position 90 66,857
F-139
Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized a net gain from currency exchange difference for US$2,902 (net loss for US$2,056 and gain for US$3,636 as of December 31, 2018 and 2017; respectively) inthe caption “Net gain (loss) from currency exchange difference” of the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
(b) Financial instruments - ~~Initial recognition and subsequent measurement -~~
~~A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.~~
~~(i)~~ ~~Financial assets -~~
Initial recognition and subsequent measurement -
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
(i) Financial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, loans and receivables, held-to-maturity investments, available-for-sale financial assets, or derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate. All financial assets are recognized initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.
~~Financial assets of the Company comprise cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, net and available-for-sale financial assets.~~
~~Subsequent measurement~~ -
Initial recognition and measurement
Financial assets are classified, at initial recognition, and subsequently measured at amortized cost, fair value through other comprehensive income (OCI), and fair value through profit or loss.
The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Company’s business model for managing them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Company has applied the practical expedient, the Company initially measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Company has applied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price as disclosed in section (n) Revenue from contracts with customers.
In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortized cost or fair value through OCI, it needs to give rise to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding. This assessment is referred to as the SPPI test and is performed at an instrument level.
The Company’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business model determines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.
Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognized on the trade date.
Financial assets of the Company comprise cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, net and financial assets at fair value through OCI with recycling of cumulative gains and losses and financial assets at fair value through profit or loss.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
Subsequent measurement -
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:

- Financial assets at amortized cost (debt instruments).
- Financial assets at fair value through OCI with recycling of cumulative gains and losses (debt instruments).
- Financial assets designated at fair value through OCI with no recycling of cumulative gains and losses upon derecognition (equity instruments).
- Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss.
- ~~Loans and receivables.~~
- ~~Held-to-maturity investments.~~
- ~~Available-for-sale financial investments.~~
~~Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss~~-
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading and financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for the purpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments as defined by IAS 39.
~~F-121~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the consolidated statements of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value presented as finance costs (negative changes) or finance revenue (positive changes) in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
Derivatives embedded in host contracts are accounted for as separate derivatives and recorded at fair value if their economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to those of the host contracts and the host contracts are not held for trading or designated at fair value though profit or loss. These embedded derivatives are measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in profit or loss.
~~Loans and receivables~~-
Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method, less impairment. The losses arising from impairment are recognized in the consolidated statements of profit or loss.
~~This category generally applies to trade and other receivables, net. See note 6 for more information on accounts receivable.~~
~~Held-to-maturity investments -~~
Non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments and fixed maturities are classified as held to maturity when the Company has the positive intention and ability to hold them to maturity. The Company did not have any held-to-maturity investments as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.
~~Available-for-sale (AFS) financial assets -~~
The available-for-sale financial assets include equity investments and debt securities. Equity investments classified as available-for-sale are those that are neither classified as held for trading nor designated at fair value through profit or loss. Debt securities in this category are those that are intended to be held for an indefinite period of time and may be sold in response to needs for liquidity, or in response to changes in the market conditions (Note 9).
After initial measurement, AFS financial investments are subsequently measured at fair value with unrealized gains or losses recognized in other comprehensive income and credited in the unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments until investment is derecognized, at which time the cumulative gain or loss is recognized in other operating income, or the investment is determined to be impaired, when the cumulative loss is reclassified from the AFS reserve to the consolidated statement of profit or loss in finance costs. Interest earned whilst holding AFS financial investments is reported as interest income using the effective interest rate method.
~~F-122~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
Financial assets at amortized cost (debt instruments) -
Financial assets at amortized cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest (EIR) method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss when the asset is derecognized, modified or impaired.

~~Derecognition~~ -
The Company’s financial assets at amortized cost includes other receivables, net. See note 6 for more information on accounts receivables.
Financial assets at fair value through OCIwith recycling of cumulative gains and losses(debt instruments) –
For debt instruments at fair value through OCI, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversals are recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortized cost. The remaining fair value changes are recognized in OCI. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognized in OCI is recycled to profit or loss.
The Company’s investments in the San Jose Reservoir Trust are classified as financial assets at fair value through OCI as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.
Financial assets designated at fair value through OCI with no recycling of cumulative gains and losses upon derecognition (equity instruments) -
Debt instruments at fair value through OCI includes investments in quoted debt instruments included under other non-current financial assets.
Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to profit or loss. Dividends are recognized as other income in the statements of comprehensive income when the right of payment has been established, except when the Company benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains are recorded in OCI. Equity instruments designated at fair value through OCI are not subject to impairment assessment.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
The Company does not have financial assets classified in this category.
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss -
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the consolidated statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
This category includes derivative instruments and listed equity investments which the Company had not irrevocably elected to classify at fair value through OCI. Dividends on listed equity investments are recognized as other income in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income when the right of payment has been established.
As of December 31, 2019, the Company has nominal investments related to the San Jose Reservoir Trust as financial assets at fair value through profit or loss.
A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or non-financial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separate derivative if: the economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet the definition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in profit or loss. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cash flows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss category.
This category also applies to financial assets that are intended to be held for an indefinite period of time and may be sold in response to needs for liquidity, or in response to changes in the market conditions (Note 9).
Derecognition-
A financial asset (or, where applicable a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognized when:

- The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or
- The ~~rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired.~~
- The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a pass-through arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset or, (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.
~~When the~~ Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from anthe asset or has ~~entered into~~assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a pass-through ~~arrangement, it evaluates if~~arrangement; and ~~to what extent, it~~either (a) the Company has ~~retained~~transferred substantially all the ~~risk~~risks and rewards of ~~ownership. When it~~the asset or, (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, ~~nor~~but has transferred control of the ~~asset, the Company continues to recognize the transferred asset to the extent of the Company´s~~asset.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent, it has retained the risk and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognize the transferred asset to the extent of the Company’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognizes an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.
Impairment of financial assets -
The Company recognizes an allowance for expected credit losses (ECLs) for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between the contractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Company expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the original effective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms.
ECLs are recognized in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are provided for credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12-months (a 12-month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespective of the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).
For trade receivables and contract assets, the Company applies a simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Therefore, the Company does not track changes in credit risk, but instead recognizes a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Company has established a provision matrix that is based on its historical credit loss experience, adjusted for forward-looking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.
The Company considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 90 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Company may also consider a financial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Company is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full before taking into account any credit enhancements held by the Company. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering the contractual cash flows.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

~~Impairment of financial assets -~~
The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset or group of financial assets is impaired. An impairment exists if one or more events that has occurred since the initial recognition of the asset (an incurred "loss event") has an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset or the group of financial assets that can be reliably estimated.
Evidence of impairment may include indications that the debtors or a group of debtors is experiencing significant financial difficulty, default or delinquency in interest or principal payments, the probability that they will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganization and observable data indicating that there is a measurable decrease in the estimated future cash flows, such as changes in economic conditions that correlate with defaults.
(ii) Financial ~~assets carried at amortized cost~~liabilities-
For financial assets carried at amortized cost, the Company first assesses whether impairment exists individually for financial assets that are individually significant, or collectively for financial assets that are not individually significant. If the Company determines that no objective evidence of impairment exists for an individually assessed financial asset, whether significant or not, it includes the asset in a group of financial assets with similar credit risk characteristics and collectively assesses them for impairment. Assets that are individually assessed for impairment and for which an impairment loss is, or continues to be, recognized are not included in a collective assessment of impairment. Assets that are individually assessed for impairment and for which an impairment loss is, or continues to be, recognized are not included in a collective assessment of impairment.
~~F-123~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
The amount of any impairment loss identified is measured as the difference between the assets’ carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows (excluding future expected credit losses that have not yet been incurred). The present value of the estimated future cash flows is discounted at the financial asset’s original effective interest rate. If a loan has a variable interest rate, the discount rate for measuring any impairment loss is the current effective interest rate.
The carrying amount of the asset is reduced through the use of an allowance account and the amount of the loss is recognized in the consolidated statement of profit or loss. Interest income (recorded as finance income in the consolidated statement of profit or loss) continues to be accrued on the reduced carrying amount and is accrued using the rate of interest used to discount the future cash flows for the purpose of measuring the impairment loss. Loans together with the associated allowance are written off when there is no realistic prospect of future recovery and all collateral has been realized or has been transferred to the Company. If, in a subsequent year, the amount of the estimated impairment loss increases or decreases because of an event occurring after the impairment was recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is increased or reduced by adjusting the allowance account. Any amount that would have been decommissioned and is subsequently recovered is recovery is credited less finance costs in the consolidated statement of profit or loss.
~~Available-for-sale (AFS) financial investments~~
~~For AFS financial investments, the Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is objective evidence that an investment or a group of investments is impaired.~~
In the case of equity investments classified as AFS, objective evidence would include a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of the investment below its cost. “Significant” is evaluated against the original cost of the investment and “prolonged” against the period in which the fair value has been below its original cost. Where there is evidence of impairment, the cumulative loss measured as the difference between the acquisition cost and the current fair value, less any impairment loss on that investment previously recognized in the consolidated statement of profit or loss is removed from other comprehensive income and recognized in the consolidated statement of profit or loss. Impairment losses on equity investment are not reversed through profit or loss; increases in their fair value after impairment are recognized in other comprehensive income.
~~F-124~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
Initial recognition and measurement-
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate.

~~(ii)~~ ~~Financial liabilities –~~
~~Initial recognition~~
All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
The Company’s financial liabilities include trade and other payables.
Subsequent measurement -
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss -
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss.
Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by IFRS 9. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments.
Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, accounts payable, financial obligations, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate.
~~All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and, in the case of interest-bearing loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.~~
~~The Company’s financial liabilities include trade and other payables.~~
~~Subsequent measurement -~~
~~The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification. Trade and other payables are subsequently measured at amortized cost.~~
~~Derecognition~~-
~~A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged, cancelled or expires.~~
When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in IFRS 9 are satisfied. The Company has not designated any financial liability as at fair value through profit or loss.
Loans and borrowings -
After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowing are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method. Gains and losses are recognized in the consolidated statements of profit and cost when the liabilities are derecognized as well as through the amortization process.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
Amortized cost is calculated taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate. Amortization under the effective interest rate method is included as financial costs in the consolidated statements of profit or loss. This category generally applies to interest-bearing loans and borrowings.
Trade and other payables are subsequently measured at amortized cost.
Derecognition -
A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
(iii) Offsetting of financial instruments -
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the consolidated statements of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
(c) Current versus non-current classification -
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial position based on current or non-current classification.
An asset is classified as current when it is:
- Expected to be realized or intended to be sold or consumed in the ~~consolidated statements~~normal operating cycle;
- Held primarily for the purpose of ~~financial position if there~~trading;
- Expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is current when it is:
- Expected to be settled in the normal operating cycle;
- Held primarily for the purpose of trading;
- Due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- There is ~~a currently enforceable legal~~no unconditional right to ~~offset~~defer the ~~recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize~~settlement of the ~~assets and settle~~liability for at least twelve months after the ~~liabilities simultaneously.~~reporting period.
The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.
(d) ~~(c)~~ ~~Cash and cash equivalents -~~
Cash and cash equivalents ~~include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks and other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. Restricted cash is excluded from cash~~-
Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks and other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.
Restricted cash includes guarantee deposits in escrow accounts related to Sumitomo’s shares acquisition (see note 13) and is excluded from cash and cash equivalents being included in other current assets or long-term assets depending on restrictions.

(e) ~~F-125~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~(d)~~ ~~Stockpiles, ore on leach pads and inventories -~~
~~Costs that are incurred in or benefit the productive process are accumulated as stockpiles, ore on leach pads and inventories.~~ Stockpiles, ore on leach pads and inventories -
Costs that are incurred in or benefit the productive process are accumulated as stockpiles, ore on leach pads and inventories. Stockpiles, ore on leach pads and inventories are carried at the lower of weighted average cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value represents the estimated future sales price of the product based on current and long-term metals prices, less the estimated costs to complete production and bring the product to sale. Write-downs of stockpiles, ore on leach pads and inventories to net realizable value are reported as a component of costs applicable to sales. The current portion of stockpiles, ore on leach pads and inventories is determined based on the expected amounts to be processed within the next twelve months. Stockpiles, ore on leach pads and inventories not expected to be processed within the next twelve months are classified as
non-current. The major classifications are as follows:
(i) Stockpiles -
Stockpiles represent ore that has been extracted from the mine and is available for further processing. Stockpiles are measured by estimating the number of tons added and removed from the stockpile, the number of contained ounces (based on assay data) and the estimated metallurgical recovery rates (based on the expected processing method). Stockpile ore tonnages are verified by periodic surveys. Costs are allocated to stockpiles based on relative values of material stockpiled and processed using current mining costs incurred up to the point of stockpiling the ore, including applicable overhead and depreciation and amortization relating to mining operations, and removed at each stockpile's weighted average cost per recoverable unit as material is processed.
(ii) Ore on leach pads ~~and inventories~~-
The recovery of gold from certain gold oxide ores is achieved through the heap leaching process. Under this method, oxide ore is placed on leach pads where it is treated with a chemical solution, which dissolves the gold contained in the ore. The resulting gold-bearing solution is later processed in a plant where the gold is recovered. Costs are added to ~~net realizable value are reported as a component of costs applicable to sales. The current portion of stockpiles,~~ ore on leach pads based on current mining costs, including applicable overhead and depreciation and amortization relating to mining operations, as well as leaching costs incurred in the leaching process. Costs are removed from ore on leach pads as ounces are recovered based on the weighted average cost per estimated recoverable ounce of gold on the leach pad.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
The estimates of recoverable gold on the leach pads are calculated from the quantities of ore placed on the pads (measured tons added to the leach pads), the grade of ore placed on the leach pads (based on assay data) and a recovery percentage (based on ore type). In general, the leach pads recover between 50% and 95% of the ultimate recoverable ounces in the first year of leaching, declining each year thereafter until the leaching process is complete.
Although the quantities of recoverable gold placed on the leach pads are reconciled by comparing the grades of ore placed on the pads to the quantities of gold actually recovered (metallurgical balancing), the nature of the leaching process inherently limits the ability to precisely monitor inventory levels. As a result, the metallurgical balancing process is constantly monitored and estimates are refined based on actual results over time. The Company's operating results typically are not materially impacted by variations between the estimated and actual recoverable quantities of gold on its leach pads in the ordinary course of business. Variations between actual and estimated quantities resulting from changes in assumptions and estimates that do not result in write-downs to net realizable value are accounted on a prospective basis.
(iii) In-process inventory-
In-process inventories represent materials that are currently in the process of being converted to a saleable product. Conversion processes vary depending on the nature of the ore and the specific processing facility, and include mill in-circuit and leach in-circuit. In-process material is measured based on assays of the material fed into the process and the projected recoveries of the respective plants. In-process inventories are valued at the weighted average cost of the material fed into the process attributable to the source material coming from the mines, stockpiles and (or) leach pads plus the in- process conversion costs, including applicable amortization relating to the process facilities incurred to that point in the process.
(iv) Precious metals inventory -
Precious metals include gold dore and (or) gold bullion. Precious metals that result from the Company's mining, processing activities are valued at the weighted average cost of the respective in-process inventories incurred prior to the refining process, plus applicable refining costs.
(v) Materials and supplies -
Materials and supplies are valued at the lower of weighted average cost or replacement value. Cost includes applicable taxes and freight.
(f) Property, plant and equipment -
Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
The cost of an element of property, plant and equipment comprises the following: the acquisition price or manufacturing cost, including non-reimbursable customs and taxes and any cost necessary to place the asset in operating condition, as anticipated by Management; the estimate of the rehabilitation obligation and, in the case of qualified assets, the financing costs.
The purchase price or construction cost corresponds to the total amount paid and fair value of any other consideration provided to acquire the asset. Subsequent costs attributable to property, plant and equipment are capitalized only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably, otherwise the cost is charged to production or expense.
Maintenance and repair expenses are charged to the production cost or expense, as necessary, in the period when incurred.
Disbursements incurred to replace a component of an item or element of property, plant and equipment are capitalized separately, writing-off the carrying amount of the component being replaced. In the event the component replaced has not been considered as a separate component of the asset item, the replacement value of the new component is used to estimate the carrying amount of the assets being replaced.
Assets in the construction stage are capitalized on a separate caption of property plant and equipment. At their completion, the cost is transferred to the appropriate category. Assets under construction are not depreciated.
Depreciation
Land is not depreciated. Other than land, depreciation of property, plant and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate their cost less their residual value over their estimated useful lives and in the case of assets assigned to the production process of Yanacocha, under the lower of (i) that determined under the units of production method or (ii) the useful life of the mine. The useful lives as follows:
Land improvements Between 2 and 4 years
Buildings and constructions Between 5 and 10 years
Machinery and equipment Between 3 and 10 years
Vehicles Between 3 and 4 years
Furniture and fixtures Between 3 and 4 years
Other equipment Between 3 and 4 years
Computer equipment Between 3 and 4 years
Leach pads and ~~inventories is determined based on the expected amounts to be processed within the next twelve months. Stockpiles, ore on leach pads~~assets retirement and ~~inventories not expected to be processed within the next twelve months are classified as non-current. The major classifications are as follows:~~
~~(i)~~ ~~Stockpiles -~~
~~Stockpiles represent ore that has been extracted from~~mine closure
Useful life of the mine and is available for further processing. Stockpiles are measured by estimating the number of tons added and removed from the stockpile, the number of contained ounces (based on assay data) and the estimated metallurgical recovery rates (based on the expected processing method). Stockpile ore tonnages are verified by periodic surveys. Costs are allocated to stockpiles based on relative values of material stockpiled and processed using current mining costs incurred up to the point of stockpiling the ore, including applicable overhead and depreciation and amortization relating to mining operations, and removed at each stockpile's average cost per recoverable unit as material is processed.
~~(ii)~~ ~~Ore on leach pads -~~
The recovery of gold from certain gold oxide ores is achieved through the heap leaching process. Under this method, oxide ore is placed on leach pads where it is treated with a chemical solution, which dissolves the gold contained in the ore. The resulting gold-bearing solution is later processed in a plant where the gold is recovered. Costs are added to ore on leach pads based on current mining costs, including applicable overhead and depreciation and amortization relating to mining operations. Costs are removed from ore on leach pads as ounces are recovered based on the average cost per estimated recoverable ounce of gold on the leach pad.
The estimates of recoverable gold on the leach pads are calculated from the quantities of ore placed on the pads (measured tons added to the leach pads), the grade of ore placed on the leach pads (based on assay data) and a recovery percentage (based on ore type). In general, the leach pads recover between 50% and 95% of the ultimate recoverable ounces in the first year of leaching, declining each year thereafter until the leaching(or) process ~~is complete.~~
~~F-126~~ facilities
F-148

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
The assets' useful lives and residual values are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each date of the consolidated statement of financial position. Any changes in these estimates are prospectively adjusted.

~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
Although the quantities of recoverable gold placed on the leach pads are reconciled by comparing the grades of ore placed on the pads to the quantities of gold actually recovered (metallurgical balancing), the nature of the leaching process inherently limits the ability to precisely monitor inventory levels. As a result, the metallurgical balancing process is constantly monitored and estimates are refined based on actual results over time. Historically, the Company's operating results have not been materially impacted by variations between the estimated and actual recoverable quantities of gold on its leach pads. Variations between actual and estimated quantities resulting from changes in assumptions and estimates that do not result in write-downs to net realizable value are accounted for on a prospective basis.
~~(iii)~~ In-~~process inventory~~-
In-process inventories represent materials that are currently in the process of being converted to a saleable product. Conversion processes vary depending on the nature of the ore and the specific processing facility, and include mill in-circuit and leach in-circuit. In-process material is measured based on assays of the material fed into the process and the projected recoveries of the respective plants. In-process inventories are valued at the average cost of the material fed into the process attributable to the source material coming from the mines, stockpiles and/or leach pads plus the in- process conversion costs, including applicable amortization relating to the process facilities incurred to that point in the process.
~~(iv)~~ ~~Precious metals inventory -~~
Precious metals include gold Dore and/or gold bullion. Precious metals that result from the Company's mining, processing activities are valued at the average cost of the respective in-process inventories incurred prior to the refining process, plus applicable refining costs.
~~(v)~~ ~~Materials and supplies -~~
~~Materials and supplies are valued at the lower of average cost or replacement value. Cost includes applicable taxes and freight.~~
~~(e)~~ ~~Property, plant and equipment -~~
The cost of an element of property, plant and equipment comprises the following: the acquisition price or manufacturing cost, including non-reimbursable customs and taxes and any cost necessary to place the asset in operating condition, as anticipated by Management; the estimate of the rehabilitation obligation and; in the case of qualified assets, the financing costs.
~~F-127~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
The purchase price or construction cost corresponds to the total amount paid and fair value of any other consideration provided to acquire the asset. Subsequent costs attributable to property, plant and equipment are capitalized only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably, otherwise the cost is charged to production or expense.
~~Maintenance and repair expenses are charged to the production cost or expense, as necessary, in the period when incurred.~~
Disbursements incurred to replace a component of an item or element of property, plant and equipment are capitalized separately, writing-off the carrying amount of the component being replaced. In the event the component replaced has not been considered as a separate component of the asset item, the replacement value of the new component is used to estimate the carrying amount of the assets being replaced.
~~Assets in the construction stage are capitalized as separate components. At their completion, the cost is transferred to the appropriate category. Work in progress is not depreciated.~~
~~Depreciation~~
Land is not depreciated. Other than land, depreciation of property, plant and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate their cost less their residual value over their estimated useful lives and in the case of assets assigned to the production process of Yanacocha, under the lower of that determined under the units of production method or the useful life of the mine. Remaining useful lives as follows:
~~Land improvements~~ ~~Between 2 and 4 years~~
~~Buildings~~ ~~Between 5 and 10 years~~
~~Plant and equipment~~ ~~Between 3 and 10 years~~
~~Vehicles~~ ~~Between 3 and 4 years~~
~~Furniture and fittings~~ ~~Between 3 and 4 years~~
~~Other equipment~~ ~~Between 3 and 4 years~~
~~Computer equipment~~ ~~Between 3 and 4 years~~
~~Assets retirement cost~~ ~~Useful life of the mine and/or process facilities~~
The assets' useful lives and residual values are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each date of the consolidated statement of financial position. Any changes in these estimates are prospectively adjusted.
~~F-128~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
Disposal of assets
Property, plant and equipment items are written-off at the date they are sold or when no economic benefits are expected from their further use or sale. Gains and losses on disposals of assets are determined by comparing the proceeds with their carrying amounts. These gains or losses are included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
(g) Mining rights -
Mining rights include acquired interests in production, development and exploration stage properties. The mineral interests are capitalized at their fair value at the acquisition date.
The value of such assets is primarily driven by the nature and amount of mineralized material believed to be contained in such properties. Production stage mining rights represent interests in operating properties that contain proven and probable reserves. Development stage mineral interests represent interests in properties under development that contain proven and probable reserves.
Exploration stage mineral interests represent interests in properties that are believed to potentially contain mineralized material consisting of (i) mineralized material such as inferred material within pits; mineralized material with insufficient drill spacing to qualify as proven and probable reserves; and mineralized material in close proximity to proven and probable reserves; (ii) around-mine exploration potential not immediately adjacent to existing reserves and mineralization, but located within the immediate mine area; (iii) other mine-related exploration potential that is not part of current mineralized material and is comprised mainly of material outside of the immediate mine area; (iv) greenfield exploration potential that is not associated with any other production, development or exploration stage property, as described above; or (v) any acquired right to explore or extract a potential mineral deposit.
Exploration costs are capitalized when reserves at the location are established and reported in the Reserves and Resource information published annually by Newmont in its Form 10-K. At this point, exploration costs are capitalized as mine development or as a component of property, plant and equipment, as appropriate.
The Company's mining rights generally are enforceable regardless of whether proven and probable reserves have been established. The Company has the ability and intent to renew mineral interests where the existing term is not sufficient to recover all identified and valued proven and probable reserves and (or) undeveloped mineralized material.
Mining rights are presented in the caption of property, plant and equipment, net.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
(h) Mine development -
Mine development costs include engineering and metallurgical studies, drilling and other related costs to delineate an ore body, and the removal of overburden to initially expose an ore body at open pit surface mines. Costs incurred before mineralization are classified as proven and probable reserves are expensed as “exploration and advanced projects” as part of the “Operating expenses” caption in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The capitalization of mine development project costs, that meet the definition of an asset, begins once mineralization is classified as proven and probable reserves.
Drilling and related costs are capitalized for an ore body where proven and probable reserves exist; and the activities are directed at obtaining additional information on the ore body or converting mineralized material to proven and probable reserves. AII other drilling and related costs are expensed as incurred. Drilling costs incurred during the production phase for operational ore control are allocated to inventory costs and then included as a component of the “Costs applicable to sales” caption in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

~~(f)~~ ~~Mineral Interests -~~
~~Mineral interests include acquired interests in production, development and exploration stage properties. The mineral interests are capitalized at their fair value at the acquisition date.~~
The cost of removing overburden and waste materials to access the ore body at an open-pit mine prior to the production phase are referred to as "pre-stripping costs." Pre-stripping costs are capitalized during the development of an open-pit mine. Where multiple open pits exist at a mining complex utilizing common processing facilities, pre-stripping costs are capitalized at each pit. The removal and production of the minimum saleable materials may occur during development and related revenue is recorded as “Other operating revenue”, net of incremental mining and processing costs. See Note 2.4(i) below.
If any of the criteria are not met, the production stripping costs are charged to profit or loss as part of the “costs applicable to sales” caption in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income as they are incurred.
Mine development costs are amortized using the units-of production ("UOP") method based on estimated recoverable ounces in proven and probable reserves. To the extent that these costs benefit an entire ore body, they are amortized over the estimated life of the ore body. Costs incurred to access specific ore blocks or areas that only provide benefit over the life of that area are amortized over the estimated life of that specific ore block or area.
Mine development costs are presented in the caption of Property, plant and equipment, net.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

The value of such assets is primarily driven by the nature and amount of mineralized material believed to be contained in such properties. Production stage mineral interests represent interests in operating properties that contain proven and probable reserves. Development stage mineral interests represent interests in properties under development that contain proven and probable reserves.
(i) Stripping activity asset -
The Company accounts for stripping costs incurred during the production phase of a surface mining in accordance with IFRIC 20 "Stripping costs in the production phase of as surface mine" whereby a stripping asset is recognized if, and only if, all of the following are met:

~~Exploration stage mineral interests represent interests in properties~~
- It is probable that ~~are believed~~the future economic benefit (improved access to potentially contain mineralized material consisting of (i) mineralized material such as inferred material within pits; mineralized material with insufficient drill spacing to qualify as proven and probable reserves; and mineralized material in close proximity to proven and probable reserves; (ii) around-mine exploration potential not immediately adjacent to existing reserves and mineralization, but located within the immediate mine area; (iii) other mine-related exploration potential that is not part of current mineralized material and is comprised mainly of material outside of the immediate mine area; (iv) greenfield exploration potential that is notore body) associated with ~~any other production, development or exploration stage property, as described above; or (v) any acquired right to explore or extract a potential mineral deposit.~~
~~Exploration costs are capitalized when reserves at~~ the location are declared in the Reserves and Resource information published annually by Newmont in its form 10-K. At this point, exploration costs are capitalized as mine development or as a component of property, plant and equipment, as appropriate.
The Company's mineral rights generally are enforceable regardless of whether proven and probable reserves have been established. The Company has the ability and intent to renew mineral interests where the existing term is not sufficient to recover all identified and valued proven and probable reserves and/or undeveloped mineralized material.
~~Mineral interests are presented in the caption of property, plant and equipment, net.~~
~~F-129~~
~~Notes~~stripping activity will flow to the ~~consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~(g)~~ ~~Mine development -~~
Mine development costs include engineering and metallurgical studies, drilling and other related costs to delineate an ore body, and the removal of overburden to initially expose an ore body at open pit surface mines. Costs incurred before mineralization is classified as proven and probable reserves are expensed and classified as Exploration or Advanced projects, research and development expense. Capitalization of mine development project costs, that meet the definition of an asset, begins once mineralization is classified as proven and probable reserves.
Drilling and related costs are capitalized for an ore body where proven and probable reserves exist; and the activities are directed at obtaining additional information on the ore body or converting mineralized material to proven and probable reserves. AII other drilling and related costs are expensed as incurred. Drilling costs incurred during the production phase for operational ore control are allocated to inventory costs and then included as a component of Costs applicable to sales.
The cost of removing overburden and waste materials to access the ore body at an open-pit mine prior to the production phase are referred to as "pre-stripping costs." Pre-stripping costs are capitalized during the development of an open-pit mine. Where multiple open pits exist at a mining complex utilizing common processing facilities, pre-stripping costs are capitalized at each pit. The removal and production of de minimis saleable materials may occur during development and are recorded as Other income, net of incremental mining and processing costs. See (h) below.
The production phase of an open-pit mine commences when saleable minerals, beyond a de minimis amount, are produced. Stripping costs incurred during the production phase of a mine are variable production costs that are included as a component of inventory to be recognized in Costs applicable to sales in the same period as the revenue from the sale of inventory. The Company's definition of a mine and the mine's production phase may differ from that of other companies in the mining industry resulting in incomparable allocations of stripping costs to deferred mine development and production costs.
Mine development costs are amortized using the units-of production ("UOP") method based on estimated recoverable ounces in proven and probable reserves. To the extent that these costs benefit an entire ore body, they are amortized over the estimated life of the ore body. Costs incurred to access specific ore blocks or areas that only provide benefit over the life of that area are amortized over the estimated life of that specific ore block or area.
~~Mine development costs are presented in the caption of Property, plant and equipment, net.~~
~~F-130~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~(h)~~ ~~Stripping activity asset -~~Company;
- The Company accounts for stripping costs incurred during the production phase of a surface mining in accordance with IFRIC 20 "Stripping costs in the production phase of as surface mine" whereby a stripping asset is recognized if, and only if, all of the following are met:
- ~~It is probable that the future economic benefit (improved access to the ore body) associated with the stripping activity will flow to the entity;~~
- ~~The entity~~ can identify the component of the ore body for which access has been improved; and
- The costs relating to the stripping activity associated with that component can be measured reliably.

The primary components of the ore body on a pit by pit basis as well as within major pits are identified. Based on these components, stripping activities are analyzed and costs are assigned based on whether they pertained to current inventory production or improved access to future ore bodies (or components of an ore body).
Based on this analysis, the Company allocates the costs associated with improved access as a “stripping activity asset”. This allocation is based on the volume of waste and ore extracted in the period compared to expected volume life-of-mine per component of ore body.
Costs allocated to the production stripping activity asset are subsequently depreciated. Depreciation of the production stripping asset was calculated on a systematic basis ("waste-to-ore tons ratio") method over the expected useful life of the identified component of the ore body that becomes more accessible as a result of the stripping costs. This depreciation is a production cost.

Based on this analysis, the Company allocated the costs associated with improved access as a “stripping activity asset”. This allocation is based on the volume of waste and ore extracted in the period compared to expected volume life-of-mine per component of ore body.
Costs allocated to the production stripping activity asset are subsequently depreciated. Depreciation of the production stripping asset was calculated on a systematic basis ("waste-to-ore tons ratio") method over the expected useful life of the identified component of the ore body that becomes more accessible as a result of the stripping costs. This depreciation is a production cost.
~~(i)~~
(j) Impairment ~~of non-financial assets -~~
~~The carrying amounts~~ of non-financial assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. If there are indicators of impairment, a review is undertaken to determine whether the carrying values are in excess of the recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is determined as the higher of an asset's fair value, less costs of disposal, and its value in use. Such review is undertaken on an asset by asset basis, except where such assets do not generate cash flows independently from other assets, in which case the review is undertaken at the cash generating unit level. The Company identified two separate cash generating units according to its segments:-
The carrying amounts of non-financial assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. If there are indicators of impairment, a review is undertaken to determine whether the carrying values are in excess of the recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is determined as the higher of (i) an asset's fair value, less costs of disposal, and (ii) its value in use. Such review is undertaken on an asset by asset basis, except where such assets do not generate cash flows independently from other assets, in which case the review is undertaken at the cash generating unit level. The Company identified two separate cash generating units: Yanacocha and Conga.
~~F-131~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued) ~~(continued)~~

Future cash flows are estimated based on quantities of recoverable minerals, expected gold and other commodity prices (considering current and historical prices, trends and related factors), production levels, operating costs, capital requirements and reclamation costs, all based on life-of-mine plans and the appropriate discount rate. These estimates, used in the determination of future cash flows, are based on numerous assumptions and it is possible that actual future cash flows will be significantly different than the estimates, as actual future quantities of recoverable minerals, gold and other commodity prices, production levels, costs and capital and interest rates are each subject to significant risks and uncertainties.

If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount, an impairment loss is recorded in the statement of comprehensive income to reflect the asset at the lower amount. In assessing the recoverable amount for assets, the relevant future cash flows expected to arise from the fair value less costs of disposal have been discounted to their present value.
~~An impairment loss is reversed in the statement of comprehensive income if there is a change in estimate used to determine recoverable amount since the prior impairment loss was recognized.~~
The carrying amount of an asset is increased to the recoverable amount but not beyond the carrying amount net of depreciation or amortization which would have arisen if the prior impairment loss had not been recognized. After such a reversal the depreciation charge is adjusted in future periods to allocate the asset's revised carrying amount, less any residual value, on a systematic basis over its remaining useful life.
~~(j)~~ ~~Provisions -~~
~~General -~~
Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, and the amount has been reliably estimated. If the time value of money is significant, provisions are discounted using pre-tax rates, which reflect, when appropriate, the liabilities' specific risks. The reversal of the discount due to the passage of time originates the increase of the obligation which is recognized with a charge to the statement of comprehensive income as a finance cost.
Provisions are reviewed periodically and are adjusted to reflect the best estimate available as of the date of the consolidation statement of financial position. The expenses related to other provisions are presented in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income to reflect the asset at the lower amount. In assessing the recoverable amount for assets, the relevant future cash flows expected to arise from the fair value less costs of disposal have been discounted to their present value.
An impairment loss is reversed in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income if there is a change in estimate used to determine recoverable amount since the prior impairment loss was recognized.
The carrying amount of an asset is increased to the recoverable amount but not beyond the carrying amount net of depreciation or amortization which would have arisen if the prior impairment loss had not been recognized. After such a reversal the depreciation charge is adjusted in future periods to allocate the asset's revised carrying amount, less any residual value, on a systematic basis over its remaining useful life.
(k) Intangible assetsincludingcomputer software -
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. The cost of intangible assets acquired in a business combination is their fair value at the date of acquisition. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortization (calculated on a straight-line basis over their useful lives).
The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite.
Intangible assets with finite live are amortized over their useful economic lives and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortization period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortization expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income in the expense category that is consistent with the function of the intangible assets. All intangible assets of the Company have finite lives.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statements of comprehensive income when the asset is derecognized.
(l) Provisions -
General -
Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, and the amount has been reliably estimated. If the time value of money is significant, provisions are discounted using pre-tax rates, which reflect, when appropriate, the liabilities' specific risks. The reversal of the discount due to the passage of time originates the increase of the obligation which is recognized with a charge to the consolidated statements of comprehensive income as a finance cost.
Provisions are reviewed periodically and are adjusted to reflect the best estimate available as of the date of the consolidation statements of financial position. The expenses related to other provisions are presented in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
Disclosure of contingent obligations is provided when their existence will only be confirmed by future events or their amount cannot be reliably measured. Contingent assets are not recognized and are disclosed only if it is probable that the Company will generate future economic benefits.
Provision for closure of mining units -
The Company records a provision for mine closure when a legally enforceable obligation arises, which is independent of the full depletion of the mine reserves.
Provisions for closure of mining units or “reclamation obligations” are recognized when incurred and recorded as liabilities at the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the obligation.
The Company recognizes a liability for closure of mining units once the obligation has been properly measured. The liability is initially recognized at the present value of the estimated costs. The liability is accreted over time for the change in present value based on discounted rates that reflects current market assessments and the risk specify to the liability through periodic charges to earnings. In addition, the asset retirement cost is capitalized as part of the asset's carrying value and amortized over the life of the related asset as “asset retirement and mine closure” or “reclamation costs” as part of the property, plant and equipment caption. Reclamation costs are periodically adjusted to reflect changes in the estimated present value resulting from the passage of time and revisions to the estimates of either the timing or amount of the reclamation costs. The estimated reclamation obligation is based on when spending for an existing disturbance is expected to occur. The Company reviews, on an annual basis, unless otherwise deemed necessary, the reclamation obligation at each mine site.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
Changes in the estimated timing of closure or changes to the estimated future costs are dealt with prospectively by recognizing an adjustment to the provision for closure liability and a corresponding adjustment to the related mining asset. Any reduction in the provision for closure and, therefore, any deduction from the mining asset to which it relates, may not exceed the carrying amount of the mining asset. If it does, any excess over the carrying amount is taken immediately to the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
If the change in estimate results in an increase in the provision for closure and, therefore, an addition to the carrying value of the mining asset, the Company considers whether this is an indication of impairment of the asset as a whole, and if so, the Company performs an impairment test.
Reclamation costs related to an inactive mine site are immediately recognized as expenses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Disclosure of contingent obligations is provided when their existence will only be confirmed by future events or their amount cannot be reliably measured. Contingent assets are not recognized and are disclosed only if it is probable that the Company will generate future economic benefits.
(m) Treasury shares -
The Company’s own equity instruments that are reacquired (treasury shares) are recognized at cost and deducted from equity. No gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Company’s own equity instruments. Any difference between the carrying amount and the consideration, if reissued, is recognized as additional paid-in-capital in equity. The voting rights related to treasury shares are cancelled for the Company and no dividends on such shares are allocated.
~~F-132~~

~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~Asset Retirement Obligation~~
(n) Revenue from contracts with customers -
Reclamation obligations are recognized when incurred and recorded as liabilities at the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the obligation. The liability is accreted over time through periodic charges to earnings. In addition, the asset retirement cost is capitalized as part of the asset's carrying value and amortized over the life of the related asset. Reclamation costs are periodically adjusted to reflect changes in the estimated present value resulting from the passage of time and revisions to the estimates of either the timing or amount of the reclamation costs. The estimated reclamation obligation is based on when spending for an existing disturbance is expected to occur. The Company reviews, on an annual basis, unless otherwise deemed necessary, the reclamation obligation at each mine site.
The Company is principally engaged in the business of producing gold and concentrated copper/silver. Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized when control of the goods is transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods.

~~(k)~~ ~~Revenue recognition -~~
~~Revenue from the sale~~
The Company has concluded that it is the principal in its revenue contracts because it typically controls the goods before transferring them to the customer.
Trade receivables (not subject to provisional pricing) are non-interest bearing and are generally on terms of 30 days.
The disclosures of significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions relating to revenue from contracts with customers are provided in note 3.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
(i) Contract balances -
Contract assets
A contract asset is the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customer. If the Company performs by transferring goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, a contract asset is recognised for the earned consideration that is conditional.
The Company does not have any contract assets as performance and a right to consideration occurs within a short period of time and all rights to consideration are unconditional.
Trade receivables
A receivable represents the Company’s right to an amount of consideration that is unconditional.
Contract liabilities
A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Company has received consideration (or an amount of consideration is due) from the customer. If a customer pays consideration before the Company transfers goods or services to the customer, a contract liability is recognized when the payment is made or the payment is due (whichever is earlier). Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the Company performs under the contract.
There are not contract liabilities.
Cost to obtain a contract
The Company’s contracts do not involve any sales commissions because its contracts are globally negotiated by its Corporate. Therefore, the Company does not recognize any costs to obtain a contract.
(ii) Sales of gold is recognized net of treatment and refining charges, when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the price is determinable, the product has been delivered, risk and title has been transferred to the customer and collection of the sales price is reasonably assured.-
Gold sales relate to unrefined gold dore that is sold under spot sales contracts to banks (customer). The Company initially negotiate with the banks the quantity of gold bullion to be required which is delivered in terms of unrefined gold dore to a selected refiner (the refiner is not the customer). The performance obligation is satisfied once the shipment confirmation is issued at the time the refinery receives the dore, allowing payment from the banks to the Company in full in cash in accordance to contracts with the banks.
All risk of loss and damage of the gold dore passes to the refiner upon reception; however, control of the product does not pass to the refiner, it is simply providing processing services to the Company.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
The Company has identified only one performance obligation related to the sale of gold dore.
Revenue is recognized at a point in time when control passes to the bank, which is when the payment is ensured at the same time when the refinery’s shipment confirmation is issued to the bank. This generally occurs after the dore’s refinery shipments are confirmed, not being required to physically delivered the gold dore to the banks but resides in the mint. However, the bank has title, is required to pay for the gold bullion and is able to direct the use of the gold bullion by instructing the refiner to transfer metal credits to or from its metal account, and is exposed to the risks and rewards of the gold bullion.
The date of shipment’s confirmation and delivery might be different arising differences between the prices used. Therefore, these sales are subject to subsequent adjustments due the variation of assays. All these matters are resolved according a settlement process specified in the contract which result in the issue of debit/credit notes according to the assays results.
With these arrangements, there are no advance payments received from the banks, no conditional rights to consideration, so no contract assets are recognised. A trade receivable is recognised at the date of sale and it is usually paid on cash once delivery confirmation is issued. The contract is entered into and the transaction price is determined at outturn by virtue of the shipment confirmation being subject to further price adjustments when difference between delivery and shipment dates arises. Also, given each spot sale represents the enforceable contract and all performance obligations are satisfied at that time, there are no remaining performance obligations (unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied) requiring disclosure.

(iii) Sales contracts for copper, silver and carbon incorporate provisional pricing at the date of delivery of the mineral ore. The final price is an average market price for a particular future period. Revenue from provisionally priced sales of copper and silver and carbon fine is recognized when risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the customer, generally at the date of delivery, and revenue can be measured reliably. At this date, the amount of revenue to be recognized will be estimated based on the forward market price of the commodity being sold.
~~Revenues from silver and copper sales are credited to Costs applicable to sales as a by-product credit. Royalties paid based on revenue are charged to revenue.~~concentrate -
Copper and silver in concentrate are sold under Free on Board (FOB) Incoterms and this represents the enforceable contract. The performance obligation is the delivery of the concentrateat the point where control passes to the customer.

~~(l)~~ ~~Taxes -~~
~~Current income tax -~~
Current income tax assets and liabilities for the current and prior periods are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from, or paid to, the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date in Peru.
Current income tax relating to items recognized directly in other comprehensive income or equity is recognized in other comprehensive income or equity and not in profit or loss. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations where applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
The majority of the Company’s sales of copper and silver in concentrate allow for price adjustments based on the market price at the end of the relevant quotation period (QP) stipulated in the contract. These are referred to as provisional pricing arrangements and are such that the selling price for metal in concentrate is based on prevailing spot prices on a specified future date after shipment to the customer. Adjustments to the sales price occur based on movements in quoted market prices up to the end of the QP. The period between provisional invoicing and the end of the QP can be between one and three months.
~~F-133~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~Deferred income tax -~~
The Company accounts for income and mining taxes using the liability method, recognizing certain temporary differences between the financial reporting basis of the Company's liabilities and assets and the related income tax basis for such liabilities and assets. This method generates a net deferred income tax liability or net deferred income tax asset for the Company, as measured by the statutory tax rates in effect as enacted.
The Company derives its deferred income tax charge or benefit by recording the change in the net deferred income tax liability or net deferred income tax asset balance for the year, based on Peruvian income and mining tax laws. Royalty taxes are calculated based on operating profit, as such are shown as income tax.
The Company's deferred income tax assets include certain future tax benefits. The Company determines valuation allowance to any portion of those deferred income tax assets when it believes, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax asset will not be realized (Note 14)
Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
Revenue is recognized when control passes to the customer, which occurs at a point in time when the copper, silver in concentrate is physically transferred onto a vessel, train, conveyor or other delivery mechanism. The revenue is measured at the amount to which the Company expects to be entitled, being the estimate of the price expected to be received at the end of the QP, i.e., the forward price, and a corresponding trade receivable is recognized.
For these provisional pricing arrangements, any future changes that occur over the QP are embedded within the provisionally priced trade receivables and are, therefore, within the scope of IFRS 9 and not within the scope of IFRS 15. Given the exposure to the commodity price, these provisionally priced trade receivables will fail the cash flow characteristics test within IFRS 9 and will be required to be measured at fair value through profit or loss up from initial recognition and until the date of settlement. These subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income and other comprehensive income each period and presented in “Other operating revenue”. Changes in fair value over, and until the end of, the QP, are estimated by reference to updated forward market prices for gold and copper as well as taking into account relevant other fair value considerations as set out in IFRS 13, including interest rate and credit risk adjustments.
Sales for copper, silver and the subsequent changes in fair value of the trade receivable are presented in the caption “Other operating revenue”.

~~Deferred~~
(iv) Interest income ~~tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilized.~~-
For all financial instruments measured at amortized cost, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset or liability. Interest income is included in finance income in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
As of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 this caption mainly includes interest from short-term money market funds and interest from current bank accounts for an amount of US$18,430, US$11,448 and US$5,831, respectively.

~~Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right~~
(o) Benefits to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when the deferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity or different taxable entities where there is an intention to settle the balances on a netemployees -
In accordance to Peruvian laws, employees are entitled to receive one month paid vacation per year and one-month salary bonus paid in July and December.
In addition, employees are entitled to receive one -month salary per year (approximately) as severance indemnity which are deposited in advance with a bank elected by the employee.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
If employees are dismissed without cause, they are entitled to a mandatory severance pay that is set at 1.5 monthly salaries for each year of service. The maximum severance payment is twelve salaries.
Salaries and wages, bonuses, post-employment benefits and vacations are calculated in accordance with IAS 19, "Employee Benefits" and are calculated in accordance with current Peruvian legislation based on the accrual basis.
(p) Workers’ profit sharing -
The Company recognizes workers’ profit sharing in accordance with IAS 19, “Employees Benefits". Workers' profit sharing is calculated in accordance with the Peruvian law (Legislative Decree No. 892), and the applicable rate is 8% over the taxable net base of current year. According to Peruvian law, the limit in the workers' profit sharing that an employee can receive is equivalent to 18 months of wages, and any excess above such limit has be transferred to the Regional Government and “National Fund for Employment’s Promotion and Training” (“FONDOEMPLEO”). The workers’ profit sharing is recorded as part of cost applicable to sales, see note 17.
~~Sales tax~~
(q) Taxes -
Current income tax -
Current income tax assets and liabilities for the current and prior periods are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from, or paid to, the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date in Peru.
Current income tax relating to items recognized directly in other comprehensive income or equity is recognized in other comprehensive income or equity and not in profit or loss. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations where applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
Deferred income tax -
The Company accounts for income and mining taxes using the liability method, recognizing certain temporary differences between the financial reporting basis of the Company's liabilities and assets and the related income tax basis for such liabilities and assets. This method generates a net deferred income tax liability or net deferred income tax asset for the Company, as measured by the statutory tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
The Company derives its deferred income tax charge or benefit by recording the change in the net deferred income tax liability or net deferred income tax asset balance for the year, based on Peruvian income and mining tax laws.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
Deferred income tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences, and the carry-forward of unused tax credits can be utilized.
Deferred tax related to items recognized in other comprehensive income or equity is recognized in other comprehensive income or equity and not in profit or loss.
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when the deferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity or different taxable entities where there is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.
Peruvian mining royalties and special mining tax –
In accordance with Law No. 28258, as amended by Law No. 29788, mining royalties are payable as the higher of either as a specified percentage of operating profit or 1% of revenues. If the mining royalty is calculated as a percentage of operating profit, marginal rates ranging from 1% to 12% that increase progressively for companies with higher operating margins will apply.
Mining royalties and special mining tax are accounted for in accordance with IAS 12 “Income Tax” because they have the characteristics of an income tax. This is considered to be the case when they are imposed under government authority and the amount payable is based on taxable income-rather than physical quantities produced or as a percentage of revenue-after adjustment for temporary differences. Legal rules and rates used to calculate the amounts payable are those in effect on the date of the consolidated statements of financial position.
Therefore, obligations arising from Mining Royalties and Special Mining Tax are recognized as income tax under the scope of IAS 12. Both, Mining Royalties and Special Mining Tax generated deferred tax assets and liabilities which must be measured using the average rates expected to apply to operating profit in the quarter in which the Company expects to reverse temporary differences.
Value added tax -
Expenses and assets are recognized net of the amount of sales tax, except:

(i) When the sales tax incurred on a purchase of assets or services is not recoverable from the taxation authority, in which case, the sales tax is recognized as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of the expense item, as applicable;
(ii) When receivables and payables are stated with the ~~amount of sales tax included.~~
~~The net~~ amount of sales tax ~~recoverable from, or payable to, the taxation authority is included as part of receivables or payables in the consolidated statements of financial position.~~
included.

~~(m)~~
The net amount of sales tax recoverable from, or payable to, the taxation authority is included as part of receivables or payables in the consolidated statements of financial position.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
(r) Fair value measurement -
The Company measures its financial instruments, such as, derivatives and embedded derivatives, at fair value as of the date of the consolidated statements of financial position.
~~F-134~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

- In the principal market for the asset or liability, or
- In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the consolidated financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described, as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

- Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
- Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.
- Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level ~~input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.~~
For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the consolidated statements of financial position on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorization (based on the lowest-level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.
For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the consolidated statements of financial position on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorization (based on the lowest-level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
The Company's Management determines the policies and procedures for both recurring fair value measurement and non-recurring measurement. At each reporting date, the Company's Management analyzes the movements in the values of assets and liabilities which are required to be re-measured or re-assessed as per the Company’s accounting policies.
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities based on the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

The Company's Management determines the policies and procedures for both recurring fair value measurement and non-recurring measurement. At each reporting date, the Company's Management analyzes the movements in the values of assets and liabilities which are required to be re-measured or re-assessed as per the Company’s accounting policies.
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities based on the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.
(s) Leases –
The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.
Company as a lessee
The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognizes lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets.

~~F-135~~
(i) Right-of-use assets -
The Company recognizes right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the date the underlying asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognized, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and the estimated useful lives of the assets, as follows:

~~Notes~~
- Buildings 5 to ~~the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
10 years
- ~~2.5.~~ ~~Reclassifications~~
~~The Company has reclassified certain prior period amounts to conform to the 2017 presentation, including the following items:~~
~~The Company has reclassified a portion of the impairment loss as of December 31, 2016 included in Property,~~ Plant and equipment ~~net~~3 to ~~Intangible assets, net for US$4.3 million after the conclusion of the final allocation.~~10 years
If ownership of the leased asset transfers to the Company at the end of the lease term or the cost reflects the exercise of a purchase option, depreciation is calculated using the estimated useful life of the asset.
The right-of-use assets are also subject to impairment. Refer to the accounting policies in section (j) Impairment of non-financial assets.

~~The Company has reclassified community development costs of US$6.3 million from Administrative expense to Costs applicable to sales for the year ended December 31, 2015.~~
(ii) Lease liabilities -
At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognizes lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including in-substance fixed payments) less any lease incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees.

3. ~~Significant judgments, estimates and assumptions~~
The lease payments also include the exercise price of a purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised by the Company and payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the Company exercising the option to terminate. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognized as expenses (unless they are incurred to produce inventories) in the period in which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the lease payments (e.g., changes to future payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine such lease payments) or a change in the assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset.
The Company’s lease liabilities are included in other accounts payable.

~~The preparation~~
(iii) Short-term leases and leases of ~~the Company’s consolidated financial statements requires Management to make~~low-value assets -
The Company applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases of machinery and equipment (i.e., those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option). It also applies the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to leases of office equipment that are considered to be low value. Lease payments on short-term leases and leases of low value assets are recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
(t) Reclassifications of comparative information –
Royalties expenses
The Company reclassified royalties expenses for US$23 million and US$26 million in years 2018 and 2017; respectively. Such royalties were presented reducing revenues from the “Revenue from sales” caption and now are presented as part of the “cost applicable to sales” caption.

2018
As previously reported
Reclassifications
2018
Modified
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Consolidated Statements of comprehensive income
Sales 635,393 23,260 658,653
Cost applicable to sales (596,164) (23,260) (619,424)

2017
As previously reported
Reclassifications
2017
Modified
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Consolidated Statements of comprehensive income
Sales 645,176 25,729 670,905
Cost applicable to sales (746,918) (25,729) (772,647)

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
Income tax payable
The Company reclassified the amount of US$3.5 million related to mining taxes payable. Such taxes were presented in the “Trade and other payables” caption and now are presented as part of the “Income tax payable” caption.

2018
As previously reported
Reclassifications
2018
Modified
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Consolidated Statements of financial position
Trade and other payables 87,016 (3,552 ) 83,464
Income tax payable - 3,552 3,552
3. Significant judgments, estimates and assumptions
The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements requires Management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. The estimates and assumptions are continuously evaluated and based on Management’s experience and other facts, including the expectations about future events which are reasonable under the current situation. Uncertainty about these estimates and assumptions could result in outcomes that require material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets and liabilities affected in future periods. Further information on each of these areas and how they impact the various accounting policies are described below and also in the relevant notes to the consolidated financial statements.

3.1. Judgments
In the process of applying the Company’s accounting policies, Management has made the following judgments, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements:

(a) Contingencies -
By their nature, contingencies will be resolved only when one or more uncertain future events occur or fail to occur. The assessment of the existence and potential quantum of contingencies inherently involves the exercise of significant judgment and the use of estimates regarding the outcome of future events.

(b) Development ~~start date -~~
~~The Company assesses the status of each exploration project to determine when the development phase begins. One of the criteria used to evaluate the development~~ start date ~~is when the Company determines that the property can be economically developed.~~-
The Company assesses the status of each exploration project to determine when the development phase begins. One of the criteria used to evaluate the development start date is when the Company determines that the property can be economically developed based on the results of feasibility studies.

~~F-136~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued) ~~(continued)~~

(c) Production start date -
The Company assesses the stage of each mine under development to determine when a mine moves into the production phase. The determination of the start date is based on the unique nature of each mining project; such as the complexity of the project and its location. The Company considers various relevant criteria to assess when the production phase is considered to have commenced. Some of the criteria used to identify the production start date include, but are not limited to:

- Completion of a reasonable period of testing of the mine plant and equipment.
- Ability to produce metal in saleable form (within specifications).
- Ability to sustain ongoing production of metal.

When a mine development /construction project moves into the production phase, the capitalization of certain mine development costs ceases and the cost of mining waste ore are either regarded as forming part of the cost of inventory or expensed, except for costs that qualify for capitalization relating to mining asset additions or improvements. It is also at this point that depreciation or amortization commences.
(d) Useful life of property, plant and equipment -
Depreciation is calculated under the straight-line method of accounting considering the lower of estimated useful lives of the assets or estimated reserves of the mining unit. See Note 2.4 (f) for useful lives.
(e) Revenue from contracts with customers -
The Company applied the judgement for determining the timing of satisfaction of services of revenue from contracts with customers. The Company concluded that the performance obligation is completed once the shipment confirmation is issued when the refinery receives the Dore, allowing the fully payment in cash according the contracts. As a result, all risk of loss and damage of the gold dore pass to refiner upon reception.

The Company determined that the only performance obligation is the sale of gold dore.
3.2. Estimates and assumptions -
The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The Company based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the consolidated financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market change or circumstances arising beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
(a) Determination of mineral ~~reserves and resources -~~
~~The Company calculates its~~ reserves ~~using methods generally applied by mining~~ and ~~industry according to international guidelines.~~resources -
The Company calculates its reserves using methods generally applied by mining and industry according to SEC guidance. All estimated reserves represent estimated quantities of mineral proven and probable that under current conditions can be economically and legally processed.

The process of estimating quantities of reserves is complex and requires making subjective decisions when evaluating all geological, geophysical, engineering and economic information available. Reviews could occur on reserve estimates due to, among others, revisions to the data or geological assumptions, changes in prices, production costs and results of exploration activities. Changes in estimated reserves could affect the carrying value of mining concessions, development costs and property, plant and equipment, the charges in result for depreciation and amortization, and the carrying amount of the provision for closure of mining units.

~~F-137~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
(b) Units of production depreciation -
~~Estimated economically recoverable reserves are used in determining the depreciation and (or) amortization of mine-specific assets.~~
This results in a depreciation/amortization charge proportional to the depletion of the anticipated remaining life-of-mine production. The life of each item, which is assessed at least annually, has regard to both its physical life limitations and present assessments of economically recoverable reserves of the mine property at which the asset is located. These calculations require the use of estimates and assumptions, including the amount of recoverable reserves. Changes in estimates are accounted for prospectively.
~~(c)~~ ~~Mine rehabilitation provision -~~
The Company assesses its mine rehabilitation provision at each reporting date. The ultimate rehabilitation costs are uncertain, and cost estimates can vary in response to many factors, including estimates of the extent and costs of rehabilitation activities, technological changes, regulatory changes, cost increases as compared to the inflation rates, and changes in discount rates. These uncertainties may result in future actual expenditure differing from the amounts currently provided. The provision at reporting date represents Management’s best estimate of the present value of the future rehabilitation costs required.
~~(d)~~ ~~Inventories, net~~ -
Estimated economically recoverable reserves are used in determining the depreciation and (or) amortization of mine-specific assets.
This results in a depreciation/amortization charge proportional to the depletion of the anticipated remaining life-of-mine production. Each mine’s life is assessed at least annually to evaluate (i) physical life limitations and (ii) present assessments of economically recoverable reserves of the mine property. These calculations require the use of estimates and assumptions, including the amount of recoverable reserves. Changes in estimates are accounted for prospectively.
(c) Provision for closure mining units -
The Company assesses its provision for closure of mining units at each reporting date. The ultimate rehabilitation costs are uncertain, and cost estimates can vary in response to many factors, including estimates of the extent and costs of closure activities, technological changes, regulatory changes, cost increases as compared to the inflation rates, and changes in discount rates. These uncertainties may result in future actual expenditure differing from the amounts currently provided. The provision at reporting date represents Management’s best estimate of the present value of the future closure costs required.
(d) Inventories -
Inventories are classified as current or non-current depending on the length of time that Management estimates will be used in the production or extraction for each mining unit.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
Inventories are measured at the lower of its weighted average cost or its net realizable value. Net realizable value tests are performed at each reporting date and represent the estimated future sales price of the product the entity expects to realize when the product is processed and sold, less estimated costs to complete production and bring the product to sale.

Stockpiles and ore on leach pads are measured by estimating the number of tons added and removed from the stockpile and leach pads, the number of contained gold ounces, assay data, and the estimated recovery percentage based on the expected processing method. Stockpile and ore on leach pad tonnages are verified by periodic surveys.

For minerals inside leach platform inventories, reasonable estimation methods are employed because it is generally impracticable to determine the mineral contained in leach platforms by physical count. The quantity of material delivered to leach platforms are based on surveyed volumes of mined material and daily production records. Sampling and assaying determine the estimated ore grades of material delivered to leach platforms.
(e) Impairment ~~of non-financial assets -~~
~~The Company assesses each asset or cash generating unit in each reporting period to determine whether any indication~~ of ~~impairment exists.~~non-financial assets -
The Company assesses each asset or cash generating unit in each reporting period to determine whether any indication of impairment exists (e.g. fluctuation of gold prices, community relations and social license to operate). Where an indicator of impairment exists, a formal estimate of the recoverable amount is made, which is considered to be the higher of (i) the fair value less costs of disposal and (ii) value in use. The assessments require the use of estimates and assumptions such as long-term commodity prices, discount rates and operating costs, among others. These estimates and assumptions are subject to risk and uncertainty.
~~F-138~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~

The fair value of mining assets is calculated by the present value of future cash flows arising from the continued use of the asset, which include some estimates, such as the cost of future expansion plans, using assumptions that a third party might consider. The future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a discount rate that reflects current market assessment of the value of money over time, as well as specific risks of the asset or cash-generating unit under evaluation.

The Company has determined the operations of its mining units Yanacocha and Conga as the cash generating units.

4. ~~Standards issued but not effective~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

~~The standards and interpretations that are~~
4. Standards issued but not ~~yet~~ effective up to the date of issuance of the Company’s financial statements that the Company reasonably expects will have an impact on its disclosures, financial position or performance when applied at a future date are disclosed below. The Company intends to adopt these standards, if applicable, when they become effective. Of the other standards and interpretations that are issued, but not yet effective, they have not been listed, as these are not expected to impact the Company.
~~IFRS 9 Financial Instruments -~~
In July 2014, the IASB issued the final version of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments that replaces IAS 39 and all previous versions of IFRS 9. IFRS 9 brings together all three aspects of the accounting for financial instruments project: classification and measurement, impairment and hedge accounting. IFRS 9 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018, with early application permitted. Except for hedge accounting, retrospective application is required, but the provision of comparative information is not compulsory. For hedge accounting, the requirements are generally applied prospectively, with some limited exceptions.
~~The Company plans to adopt the new standard on the required effective date and will not restate comparative information.~~
During 2017, the Company performed an impact assessment of all three aspects of IFRS 9. This assessment is based on currently available information and may be subject to changes arising from further reasonable and supportable information being made available to the Company in 2018 when the Company will adopt IFRS 9. Overall, the Company expects no significant impact on its statement of financial position or equity from the adoption of IFRS 9.
~~(a)~~ ~~Classification and measurement -~~
~~The Company does not expect a significant impact on its statement of financial position and equity on applying the classification and measurement requirements of IFRS 9.~~
Trade receivables are considered to be held to collect contractual cash flows and are expected to give rise to cash flows representing solely payments of principal and interest. The Company analyzed the contractual cash flow characteristics of those instruments and concluded that they meet the criteria for amortized cost measurement under IFRS 9. Therefore, reclassification for these instruments is not required.
~~F-139~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~For other financial assets currently measured at fair value, e.g., available-for-sale financial assets, the Company will continue to classify and measure these at fair value.~~
~~There will be no impact on financial liabilities.~~
~~(b)~~ ~~Impairment -~~
IFRS 9 requires the Company to now use an expected credit loss model for its trade receivables measured at amortised cost, either on a 12-month or lifetime basis. The Company will apply the simplified approach and record lifetime expected losses on all trade receivables measured at amortised cost. Given the short term nature of these receivables, the Company does not expect these changes will have a significant impact.
~~(c)~~ ~~Hedge accounting -~~
~~The changes in IFRS 9 relating to hedge accounting will have no impact as the Company does not currently apply hedge accounting.~~
~~IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers -~~
IFRS 15 was issued in May 2014, and amended in April 2016, and establishes a five-step model to account for revenue arising from contracts with customers. Under IFRS 15, revenue is recognised at an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer.
The new revenue standard will supersede all current revenue recognition requirements under IFRS. Either a full retrospective application or a modified retrospective application is required for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018. Early adoption is permitted.
The Company plans to adopt the new standard on the required effective date using the modified retrospective method. During 2016, the Company performed a preliminary assessment of IFRS 15, which was followed by a more detailed analysis in 2017.
The key issues identified, and the Company’s views and perspectives, are set out below. These are based on the Company’s current interpretation of IFRS 15 and may be subject to changes as interpretations evolve more generally. Furthermore, the Company is considering and will continue to monitor any further development.
~~To date, the Company has identified the following issues that require consideration.~~
~~(a)~~ ~~Impact of shipping terms -~~
The Company is responsible for shipping services until the date at which control of the refined gold passes to the customer. Under IFRS 15, these shipping activities are considered fulfilment activities, consistent with IAS 18. Therefore, the Company considers that there will not be an impact for the shipping activities on the revenue recognition.
~~F-140~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~(b)~~ ~~Other presentation and disclosure requirements -~~
IFRS 15 contains other presentation and disclosure requirements which are more detailed than the current IFRS. The presentation requirements represent a significant change from current practice and will increase the volume of disclosures required in the Company’s financial statements. Many of the disclosure requirements in IFRS 15 are new.
~~In 2017, the Company continued testing appropriate systems, internal controls, policies and procedures necessary to collect and disclose the required information.~~
~~IFRS 16 Leases~~
IFRS 16 was issued in January 2016 and it replaces IAS 17 Leases. IFRS 16 sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases and requires lessees to account for all leases under a single on-balance sheet model similar to the accounting for finance leases under IAS 17. The standard includes two recognition exemptions for lessees – leases of ’low-value’ assets (e.g., personal computers) and short-term leases (i.e., leases with a lease term of 12 months or less).
~~IFRS 16 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2019. Early application is permitted, but not before an entity applies IFRS 15.~~
~~In 2018, the Company plans to assess the potential effect of IFRS 16 on its consolidated financial statements.~~
5. ~~Cash and cash equivalents~~
~~(a)~~ ~~This caption is made up as follows:~~
2017 2016
US$(000) US$(000)

Petty cash 34 45
Bank accounts 48,995 118,853
Term deposits (b) 625,985 558,626
675,014 677,524
~~(b)~~ ~~The term deposits balance is made as follows:~~
2017 2016
US$(000) US$(000)

Citi Bank 206,824 150,564
JP Morgan 419,161 408,062
625,985 558,626
~~(b)~~ ~~The bank accounts and term deposits yield interest at market rates. Because of the short maturity of these balances, less than 90 days, the carrying amounts approximate to their fair value.~~
~~F-141~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
6. ~~Trade and other receivables, net~~
~~(a)~~ ~~This caption is made up as follows:~~
2017 2016
US$(000) US$(000)

Trade receivables, net
Foreign clients 1,032 9,965

Other receivables
Advances to suppliers 20,724 18,024
Tax claims 10,211 6,955
Credit of tax on net assets 11,520 -
Other 4,032 6,623
Related entities, note 21(b) 2,185 815
48,672 32,417

Allowance for doubtful accounts (b) (1,384 ) (1,407 )
47,288 31,010
Total trade and other receivables, net 48,320 40,975

By maturity:
Current 36,800 40,975
Non Current 11,520 -
Total 48,320 40,975
~~There are no trade receivables that are due at December 31, 2017 and 2016.~~
~~(b)~~ ~~The allowance for doubtful accounts had the following movement during the years 2017, 2016 and 2015:~~
2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Opening balance 1,407 1,444 1,788
Additions - - 88
Deductions (23 ) (37 ) (432 )
Ending balance 1,384 1,407 1,444
In Company’s Management opinion, the allowance for doubtful accounts balance is sufficient to adequately cover the risks of failure as of the date of the consolidated statement of financial position.
~~F-142~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
7. ~~Inventories, net~~
~~(a)~~ ~~This caption is made up as follows:~~
2017 2016
US$(000) US$(000)

Precious metals 15,446 15,012
Leach in-circuit 8,057 6,378
Mill in-circuit 2,048 2,493
Materials and supplies 52,171 52,687
77,722 76,570

Allowance for obsolescence of materials and supplies (b) (7,076 ) (5,272 )
70,646 71,298
~~(b)~~ ~~The allowance for obsolescence of material and supplies had the following movement during the years 2017, 2016 and 2015:~~
2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Opening balance 5,272 5,881 4,832
Provision for impairment of materials and supplies 2,896 3,104 5,060
Reversal of provision for impairment of materials and supplies (1,092 ) (3,713 ) (4,011 )
Ending balance 7,076 5,272 5,881
8. ~~Stockpiles and ore on leach pads, net~~
~~(a)~~ ~~This caption is made up as follows:~~
2017 2016
US$(000) US$(000)

Current portion -
Stockpiles 77,296 92,309
Ore on leach pads 159,930 209,471
Provision for net realizable value adjustment (b) (40,588 ) (75,423 )
196,638 226,357
Non-current portion -
Stockpiles 32,362 41,997
Ore on leach pads 50,350 78,843
Provision for net realizable value adjustment (b) (21,952 ) (8,951 )
60,760 111,889
~~F-143~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~(b)~~ ~~The provision for net realizable value adjustment had the following movement during the years 2017, 2016 and 2015:~~
2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Opening balance, note 16 84,374 90,298 163,094
Provision 77,385 100,179 64,497
Reversal of provision (99,219 ) (106,103 ) (137,293 )
Ending balance, note 16 62,540 84,374 90,298
9. ~~Available-for-sale financial assets~~

The new and amended standards and interpretations that are issued, but not yet effective, up to the date of issuance of the Company’s consolidated financial statements are disclosed below. The Company intends to adopt these new and amended standards and interpretations, if applicable, when they become effective.
Amendments to IAS 1 and IAS 8: Definition of Material
In October 2018, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements and
IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors to align the definition of ‘material’ across the standards and to clarify certain aspects of the definition. The new definition states that, ’Information is material if omitting, misstating or obscuring it could reasonably be expected to influence decisions that the primary users of general-purpose financial statements make on the basis of those financial statements, which provide financial information about a specific reporting entity.
The amendments to the definition of material is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
5. Cash and cash equivalents
(a) This caption is made up as follows:
2019 2018
US$(000) US$(000)

Petty cash 22 33
Bank accounts 56,822 111,319
Term deposits (b) 761,659 611,856

818,503 723,208
(b) The term deposit balance is made up as follows:
2019 2018
US$(000) US$(000)

JP Morgan 501,916 401,495
Citibank 214,282 210,361
BNP Paribas 45,461 -

761,659 611,856
The bank accounts and term deposits yield interest at market rates. The carrying amounts approximate the fair value due to the short maturity of these balances, which are less than 90 days.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
6. Trade and other receivables, net
(a) This caption is made up as follows:
2019 2018
US$(000) US$(000)

Trade receivables, net
Foreign clients 683 7,389
Other receivables
Advances to suppliers 9,872 16,897
Tax claims 3,946 3,532
Credit of tax on net assets 23,648 23,290
Related entities, note 22(c) 598 794
Other 5,247 5,382
43,311 49,895

Allowance for expected credit losses (b) (1,384 ) (1,384 )
41,927 48,511

Total trade and other receivables, net 42,610 55,900

By maturity:
Current 18,962 32,610
Non current 23,648 23,290

Total 42,610 55,900

Classification by nature:
Financial receivables 15,016 29,078
Non-financial receivables 27,594 26,822

42,610 55,900
The trade receivables are related to concentrate sold (copper and silver by-products). At December 31, 2019 and 2018 there were no material collectability issues that required an allowance for expected credit losses on the trade receivable balance.
Trade receivables (not subject to provisional pricing) are non-interest bearing and are generally negotiated on terms of 30 days.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
(b) The allowance for expected credit losses had the following movement during the years 2019, 2018 and 2017:
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Opening balance 1,384 1,384 1,407
Deductions - - (23 )
Ending balance 1,384 1,384 1,384
7. Inventories, net
(a) This caption is made up as follows:
2019 2018
US$(000) US$(000)

Precious metals 8,021 6,878
Leach in-circuit 5,158 1,835
Mill in-circuit 1,332 4,002
Materials and supplies 45,832 49,327
60,343 62,042

Allowance for obsolescence of materials and supplies (b) (6,098 ) (7,515 )

54,245 54,527
(b) The allowance for obsolescence of material and supplies had the following movement during the years 2019, 2018 and 2017:
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Opening balance 7,515 7,076 5,272
Provision for impairment of materials and supplies 1,898 1,887 2,896
Reversal of provision for impairment of materials and supplies (3,315 ) (1,448 ) (1,092 )

Ending balance 6,098 7,515 7,076
Reversals of impaired materials are due to disposals of impaired materials that offset the accumulative provision in each period.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
8.
Stockpiles and ore on leach pads, net
(a) This caption is made up as follows:
2019 2018
US$(000) US$(000)
Current portion -
Stockpiles 23,769 35,065
Ore on leach pads 139,991 106,931
Net realizable value adjustment (b) (28,837 ) (41,403 )

134,923 100,593
Non-current portion -
Stockpiles 35,888 41,814
Ore on leach pads 88,223 144,688
Net realizable value adjustment (b) (19,088 ) (47,724 )

105,023 138,778
(b) The provision for net realizable value adjustment had the following movement during the years 2019, 2018 and 2017:
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Opening balance, note 17 89,127 62,540 84,374
Provision 33,464 90,365 77,385
Reversal of provision (74,666 ) (63,778 ) (99,219 )

Ending balance, note 17 47,925 89,127 62,540
Provision reversals correspond to improvements of the overall long-term market conditions that reduced the gap between stockpiles and leach pads’ cost and their net realizable value.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
9.
Financial instruments at fair value
In November 2008, the Company funded the San Jose Reservoir Trust ~~for~~an amount of US$13 million to ensure the continuity of the Company's operations in the San Jose Reservoir after 2018. Such trust is irrevocable and is a separate legal entity of the Company. The grantor is the Company, the trustee is the Banco de ~~Credito~~Crédito del ~~Peru~~Perú and the beneficiary is the Company; therefore, the Company consolidates the trust.
As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019 and 2018, the assets in the trust ~~total balance is~~amount to US$~~23,000,000~~24,417 and ~~is presented as Available-for-sale~~US$22,610, respectively and are represented by financial ~~assets (trust total balance~~instruments at fair value.
During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, an increase in fair value of the debt instruments was recognized in other comprehensive income for the amount of US$~~16,454,000 as~~1,246, and a decrease of US$91 and US$3,244 during 2018 and 2017. During the years ended December 31, ~~2016).~~
~~During 2017, these~~2019 and 2018 the change in fair value of the investments ~~denominated~~ in ~~U.S. dollars, accrued losses net of taxes of~~marketable stocks for US$~~3,244,000 (profit of US$651,000 in 2016~~821 and ~~losses of US$757,000 in 2015) which are included~~(US$10), respectively, were recognized as Finance income and Finance costs in the consolidated ~~statement~~statements of comprehensive income.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
~~F-144~~
10.
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~10.~~ Property, ~~plant and equipment, net~~
~~(a)~~ ~~Below is presented the movement in cost:~~
Opening
balance Additions Sales and disposals Transfer/Other changes Final
balances
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Year 2017
Cost-
Land 9,459 - - - 9,459
Land improvements 36,454 - - - 36,454
Building and constructions 236,551 - (42 ) 61,289 297,798
Machinery and equipment 379,164 - (92,299 ) - 286,865
Leach pads 1,670,835 - - 51,951 1,722,786
Vehicles 11,024 - - - 11,024
Furniture and fixtures 2,556 - - - 2,556
Other equipment 57,773 - - - 57,773
Work in progress 483,225 51,624 - (134,439 ) 400,410
Mining rights 37,521 - - - 37,521
Asset retirement and mine closure 409,797 97,326 - - 507,123
Stripping activity asset 148,487 - - - 148,487
Mine development 701,156 - - 21,199 722,355
4,184,002 148,950 (92,341 ) - 4,240,611

Accumulated depreciation and amortization
Land improvements 35,053 90 - - 35,143
Building and constructions 235,340 5,020 (12 ) - 240,348
Machinery and equipment 329,965 8,431 (88,421 ) - 249,975
Leach pads 1,588,205 33,061 - - 1,621,266
Vehicles 11,003 21 - - 11,024
Furniture and fixtures 2,556 - - - 2,556
Other equipment 55,645 269 - - 55,914
Mining rights 29,457 - - - 29,457
Asset retirement and mine closure 337,173 19,172 - - 356,345
Stripping activity asset 142,170 1,082 - - 143,252
Mine development 622,604 16,846 - - 639,450
3,389,171 83,992 (88,433 ) - 3,384,730
Net cost 794,831 855,881
~~F-145~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
Opening
balance Additions Sales and disposals Transfer/Other
changes Impairment
loss Final
balances
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Year 2016
Cost-
Land 11,521 - - 201 (2,263 ) 9,459
Land improvements 41,909 - - (5,455 ) 36,454
Building and constructions 274,262 - (26,410 ) 26,396 (37,697 ) 236,551
Machinery and equipment 511,942 - (125,064 ) 22,865 (30,579 ) 379,164
Leach pads 1,890,823 - - 15,276 (235,264 ) 1,670,835
Vehicles 15,198 - (4,168 ) - (6 ) 11,024
Furniture and fixtures 2,556 - - - - 2,556
Other equipment 60,462 353 - 217 (3,259 ) 57,773
Work in progress 476,353 78,609 - (70,282 ) (1,455 ) 483,225
Mining rights 49,544 - (3,113 ) - (8,910 ) 37,521
Asset retirement and mine closure 452,145 351,798 - - (394,146 ) 409,797
Stripping activity asset 157,048 26,148 - - (34,709 ) 148,487
Mine development 814,563 - - 5,079 (118,486 ) 701,156
4,758,326 456,908 (158,755 ) (248 ) (872,229 ) 4,184,002

Accumulated depreciation and amortization
Land improvements 35,266 298 - (511 ) - 35,053
Building and constructions 196,515 61,530 (22,705 ) - - 235,340
Machinery and equipment 429,910 12,230 (112,175 ) - - 329,965
Leach pads 1,565,508 22,697 - - - 1,588,205
Vehicles 14,620 2,735 (6,352 ) - - 11,003
Furniture and fixtures 2,547 9 - - - 2,556
Other equipment 53,964 1,681 - - - 55,645
Mining rights 29,457 - - - - 29,457
Asset retirement and mine closure 318,405 18,768 - - - 337,173
Stripping activity asset 138,178 3,992 - - - 142,170
Mine development 613,646 8,447 - 511 - 622,604
3,398,016 132,387 (141,232 ) - - 3,389,171
Net cost 1,360,310 794,831
~~Additions to work in progress in 2017 are primarily related to the Water treatment project and Yanacocha Laybacks Checkpoint 2A and Asset Componentization project.~~
~~The depreciation and amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2017 was recorded as Cost applicable to sales in the statement of comprehensive income.~~
~~F-146~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~(b)~~ ~~Impairment of long-lived assets -~~
In accordance with its accounting policies and processes, each asset or Cash Generating Unit “CGU” is evaluated annually at year end, to determine whether there are any indications of impairment. If any such indications of impairment exist, a formal estimate of the recoverable amount is performed. The Company has two CGU: Yanacocha mine and Conga project.
~~In December 2017, the Company performed a formal evaluation of its cash generating units and concluded that there were no impairment indicators at December 31, 2017.~~
In December 2016, the Company determined that an impairment indicator existed as a result of the updated long-term mining and closure plans and the related increases in estimated future closure costs that resulted in the increase to the asset retirement cost asset.As a result of the recoverable amount analysis performed during 2016, the Company recorded an impairment loss related to Yanacocha mine of US$889.5 million (US$872.2 million and US$17.3 million related to property, plant and equipment, ~~and intangible assets, respectively).~~net

~~In assessing whether impairment was required,~~
(a) Below is presented the ~~carrying value of the asset or CGU was compared with its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of the CGU’s fair value less costs of disposal (FVLCD) and value~~movement in use (VIU). Given the nature of the Company’s activities, information on the fair value of an asset is usually difficult to obtain unless negotiations with potential purchasers or similar transactions are taking place. Consequently, the recoverable amount for each CGU was estimated based on estimated discounted future estimated cash flows expected to be generated from the continued use of the CGUs using market based commodity price and exchange assumptions, estimated quantities of recoverable minerals, production levels, operating costs and capital requirements, and its eventual disposal, based on the latest life of mine (LOM) plans. These cash flows were discounted using a real pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the CGU.cost:

Opening balance Additions Sales and disposals Transfer/Other changes Final  balances
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Year 2019
Cost-
Land 9,459 - - 7,594 17,053
Land improvements 36,454 - (7,472 ) - 28,982
Building and constructions 298,328 - (26,556 ) (218 ) 271,554
Machinery and equipment 244,560 - (46,286 ) 18,598 216,872
Leach pads 1,723,270 - - 93,956 1,817,226
Vehicles 9,921 - (1,043 ) 524 9,402
Furniture and fixtures 2,556 - - - 2,556
Other equipment 58,924 - (3,712 ) 4,050 59,262
Work in progress 444,688 184,403 - (192,392 ) 436,699
Mining rights 37,521 - - - 37,521
Right of use asset - 1,045 - - 1,045
Asset retirement and mine closure 534,398 158,967 - - 693,365
Stripping activity asset 148,487 - - 3,007 151,494
Mine development 760,647 - - 63,509 824,156

4,309,213 344,415 (85,069 ) (1,372 ) 4,567,187

Accumulated depreciation and amortization
Land improvements 35,583 101 (7,369 ) - 28,315
Building and constructions 247,979 5,702 (26,579 ) (973 ) 226,129
Machinery and equipment 204,255 21,780 (42,978 ) 973 184,030
Leach pads 1,656,002 38,286 - - 1,694,288
Vehicles 9,855 16 (1,043 ) - 8,828
Furniture and fixtures 2,556 - - - 2,556
Other equipment 56,522 1,326 (3,712 ) - 54,136
Mining rights 29,457 - - - 29,457
Right of use asset - 461 - - 461
Asset retirement and mine closure 424,008 54,818 - - 478,826
Stripping activity asset 146,058 1,667 - - 147,725
Mine development 656,484 17,658 - - 674,142

3,468,759 141,815 (81,681 ) - 3,528,893

Net cost 840,454 1,038,294

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

Opening balance Additions Sales and disposals Transfer/Other changes Final balances
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Year 2018
Cost-
Land 9,459 - - - 9,459
Land improvements 36,454 - - - 36,454
Building and constructions 297,798 - - 530 298,328
Machinery and equipment 286,865 - (72,442 ) 30,137 244,560
Leach pads 1,722,786 - - 484 1,723,270
Vehicles 11,024 - (1,171 ) 68 9,921
Furniture and fixtures 2,556 - - - 2,556
Other equipment 57,773 - (265 ) 1,416 58,924
Work in progress 400,410 117,636 - (73,358 ) 444,688
Mining rights 37,521 - - - 37,521
Asset retirement and mine closure 507,123 27,275 - - 534,398
Stripping activity asset 148,487 - - - 148,487
Mine development 722,355 - - 38,292 760,647

4,240,611 144,911 (73,878 ) (2,431 ) 4,309,213

Accumulated depreciation and amortization
Land improvements 35,143 440 - - 35,583
Building and constructions 240,348 7,631 - - 247,979
Machinery and equipment 249,975 20,887 (66,607 ) - 204,255
Leach pads 1,621,266 34,736 - - 1,656,002
Vehicles 11,024 2 (1,171 ) - 9,855
Furniture and fixtures 2,556 - - - 2,556
Other equipment 55,914 828 (220 ) - 56,522
Mining rights 29,457 - - - 29,457
Asset retirement and mine closure 356,345 67,663 - - 424,008
Stripping activity asset 143,252 2,806 - - 146,058
Mine development 639,450 17,034 - - 656,484

3,384,730 152,027 (67,998 ) - 3,468,759

Net cost 855,881 840,454
Additions to work in progress in 2018 and 2019 are primarily related to the Quecher Main project. As of December 31, 2019, the Company does not have material commitments related to this project.
The depreciation and amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was recorded in the “Cost applicable to sales” caption in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

~~Estimates included quantities~~
(b) Impairment of ~~recoverable minerals, production levels, operating~~long-lived assets -
In accordance with the accounting policies and processes, each asset or Cash Generating Unit “CGU” is evaluated annually at year end, to determine whether there are any indications of impairment. If any such indications of impairment exist, a formal estimate of the recoverable amount is performed. The Company has two CGU’s: Yanacocha mine and Conga project.
In December 2017 and 2018, the Company performed a formal evaluation of its cash generating units and concluded that there were no impairment indicators at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. In this assessment the Management considered that the Company had been complying with the estimated results for each year included in the last impairment calculation.
During 2019, the Company’s Management identified as an impairment indicator the significant increase of the asset retirement and mine closure, as a result the Company had to determinate the recoverable amount for its CGU Yanacocha. Regarding to CGU Conga the Management did not identify any important indicator. As a result of this analysis the Company concluded that no additional impairment loss on CGU Yanacocha was required to be recorded as the recoverable amount exceeded the carrying amount of the CGU’s assets.
In assessing whether impairment was required, the carrying value of the asset or CGU was compared with its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of the CGU’s fair value less costs to sell (FVLCS) and ~~capital requirements and sourced from out planning process, including the LOM plans, one-year budgets and CGU-specific studies.~~
~~Key assumptions used for the impairment testing as of December 31, 2016:~~
~~The determination of~~ value in use (VIU). Given the nature of the Company’s activities, information on the fair value of an asset is usually difficult to obtain unless negotiations with potential purchasers or similar transactions are taking place. Consequently, the recoverable amount for each CGU was estimated based on estimated discounted future estimated cash flows expected to be generated from the continued use of the CGUs using market based commodity price and exchange assumptions, estimated quantities of recoverable minerals, production levels, operating costs and capital requirements, and its eventual disposal, based on the latest life of mine (LOM) plans. These cash flows were discounted using a real pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the CGU.
Estimates included quantities of recoverable minerals, production levels, operating costs and capital requirements and sourced from the planning process, including the life of mine (LOM) plans, one-year budgets and CGU-specific studies.
Key assumptions used for the impairment testing as of December 31, 2019:
The determination of fair value less cost to sell was most sensitive to the following key assumptions:
- ~~Production volumes~~
- Production volumes.
- ~~Commodity prices~~
- Commodity prices.
- ~~Discount rate~~
~~F-147~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
Production volumes: Estimated production volumes are based on detailed life-of-mine plans and take into account development plans for the mines agreed by management as part of planning process. Production volumes are dependent on a number of variables, such as: the recoverable quantities; the production profile; the cost of the development of the infrastructure necessary to extract the reserves; the production costs; the contractual duration of mining rights; and the selling price of the commodities extracted.
As each producing mining unit has specific reserve characteristics and economic circumstances, the cash flows of the mines were computed using appropriate individual economic models and key assumptions established by management. The production profiles used were consistent with the reserves and resource volumes approved as part of the Company’s process for the estimation of proved and probable reserves and resource estimates.
Commodity prices: Forecasted commodity prices were based on management’s estimates and were derived from forward price curves and long-term views of global supply and demand, building on past experience of the industry and consistent with external sources. These prices were adjusted to arrive at appropriate consistent price assumptions for the different qualities and type of commodities, or, where appropriate, contracted prices were applied.
~~Estimated prices for the current and long-term periods that have were used to estimate future revenues were as follows:~~
Current Long-term
US$ US$

Gold (per ounce) 1,221 1,300
Discount ~~rate: In calculating the value in use,~~rate.
- Cost / EBIT

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
Production volumes: Estimated production volumes are based on detailed life-of-mine plans and take into account development plans for the mines agreed by management as part of planning process. Production volumes are dependent on a number of variables, such as: the recoverable quantities; the production profile; the cost of the development of the infrastructure necessary to extract the reserves; the production costs; the contractual duration of mining rights; and the selling price of the commodities extracted.
As each producing mining unit has specific reserve characteristics and economic circumstances, the cash flows of the mines were computed using appropriate individual economic models and key assumptions established by management. The production profiles used were consistent with the reserves and resource volumes approved as part of the Company’s process for the estimation of proved and probable reserves and resource estimates.
Commodity prices: Forecasted commodity prices were based on management’s estimates and were derived from forward price curves and long-term views of global supply and demand, building on past experience of the industry and consistent with external sources. These prices were adjusted to arrive at appropriate consistent price assumptions for the different qualities and type of commodities, or, where appropriate, contracted prices were applied.
Estimated prices for the current and long-term periods that have were used to estimate future revenues were as follows:
Current Long-term
US$ US$

Gold (per ounce) 1,481 1,300
Copper (per pound) 3.0 3.0
Discount rate: In calculating the fair value less cost to sell, a pre-tax discount rate of 7.1% was applied to the pre-tax cash flows. This discount rate was derived from the Company’s pre-tax ~~discount rate of 7.1% was applied to the pre-tax cash flows. This discount rate was derived from the Company’s post-tax~~ weighted average cost of capital (WACC), with appropriate adjustments made to reflect the risks specific to the CGU.

~~F-148~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued) ~~(continued)~~

11. Trade and other payables

(a) This caption is made up as follows:
2019 2018
US$(000) US$(000)

Trade payables (b)
Domestic suppliers 45,671 48,847
Related entities, note 22(c) 11,426 10,846
57,097 59,693
Other payables
Remuneration and similar benefits payable 11,365 22,907
Other taxes payable 5,326 728
Royalties payable to the Peruvian State 2,696 136
19,387 23,771
76,484 83,464
(b) Trade payables arise mainly from the acquisition of materials, supplies and spare parts and services provided by third parties. These obligations have current maturities, accrue no interest, are not secured and are mostly denominated in U.S. dollars.

2017 2016
US$(000) US$(000)

Trade payables (b)
Domestic suppliers 43,108 44,634
Related entities, note 21(b) 9,962 9,052
53,070 53,686

Other payables
Remuneration and similar benefits payable 27,419 8,516
Royalties payable to the Peruvian State 726 1,098
Taxes payable 2,605 3,174
30,750 12,788
83,820 66,474
~~(b)~~ Trade payables arise mainly from the acquisition of materials, supplies and spare parts and services provided by third parties. These obligations, have current maturities, accrue no interest, are not secured and are mostly denominated in U.S. dollars.
12. Provisions, other accruals and liabilities

~~12.~~ ~~Provisions~~
(a) This caption is made up as follows:

~~(a)~~ ~~This caption is made up as follows:~~
2017 2016
US$(000) US$(000)

Provision for closure of mining units and exploration projects (b) 1,234,731 1,012,888
Provision of social responsability 21,689 24,335
Workers’ profit sharing payable (c) 1,733 13,005
Accrual of operating costs 15,064 19,650
Other provisions 3,243 23,809
1,276,460 1,093,687

Classification by maturity:
Current portion 39,495 68,662
Non-current portion 1,236,965 1,025,025
1,276,460 1,093,687
2019 2018
US$(000) US$(000)

Provisions
Provision for closure of mining units and exploration projects (b) 1,608,380 1,294,464
Provision of social responsibility (c) 18,326 18,010
Other provisions 2,484 2,785
1,629,190 1,315,259

Other accruals and liabilities
Interests payable, see note 24 16,840 -
Workers’ profit sharing payable (e) 12,793 3,920
Accrual of operating costs (d) 11,238 11,442
Accrual of capital expenditure 8,139 3,682
Right of use liability 596 -
49,606 19,044
Total provisions, other accruals and liabilities 1,678,796 1,334,303

~~F-149~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued) ~~(continued)~~

2019 2018
US$(000) US$(000)

Classification by maturity:
Current portion 90,940 41,154
Non-current portion 1,587,856 1,293,149

1,678,796 1,334,303
(b) Provision for closure of mining units and explorations projects -
The Company's mining and exploration activities are subject to various laws and regulations governing the protection of the environment. These laws and regulations are continually changing and are generally becoming more restrictive. The Company conducts its operations so as to protect the public health and environment and believes its operations are in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations in all material respects. The Company has made, and expects to make in the future, expenditures to comply with such laws and regulations, but cannot predict the amount of such future expenditures. Estimated future reclamation costs are based principally on legal and regulatory requirements.
The provision for closure of mining units comprises activities to be carried out by the Company in the restoration of mines and adjacent areas in the completion stage of the gold extraction process. Such activities include the restoration of mining locations, water treatment plant operations, as well as reforestation and land treatments.
The movement of the provision for closure of mining units for 2019, 2018 and 2017 is broken down as follows:
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Opening balance 1,294,464 1,234,731 1,012,888
Additional provisions 301,096 43,560 221,450
Payments (23,889) (19,842) (21,376)
Unwinding of discount, note 20 36,709 36,015 21,769
Ending balance 1,608,380 1,294,464 1,234,731

Classification by maturity
Current portion 39,156 19,325 19,455
Non-current portion 1,569,224 1,275,139 1,215,276
1,608,380 1,294,464 1,234,731
The provision for closure of mining units and exploration projects represents the present value of the closure costs that are expected to be incurred between the years 2020 and 2069.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
There were minimal changes to the updated closure plan in 2017 prior to submitting to Peruvian regulators in September 2017. The regulators completed their review and approved the updated closure plan in November 2017.
During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded an increase to the reclamation liability of US$301 million, US$44 million and US$206 million, respectively. The increase to the reclamation obligation resulted in an increase to the recorded asset retirement cost asset of US$159 million (US$27.2 million and US$97 million in 2018 and 2017, respectively) related to the producing portions of the mine (see note 10) and a non-cash charge to reclamation expense for the year ended December 31, 2019 of US$142 million (US$16.3 million and US$124.1 million as December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively) related to the areas of Carachugo, Yanacocha, Maqui Maqui and Cerro Negro operations no longer in production (see note 17). The increase of the 2019 reclamation obligation is mainly due to higher water treatment costs, whereas in 2018 the increase was mainly due to new disturbance costs from the Quecher Main project and changes in the labor cost estimate. The discount rates used in the calculation of the provision as December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were between 0.2% and 0.3%.

~~The liability for reclamation or the Asset retirement obligation (“ARO”) comprises activities carried out by the Company in the restoration~~
(c) Provision of mines and adjacent areas in the completion stage of the gold extraction process. Such activities include the restoration of mining locations, water treatment plant operations, as well as reforestation and land treatments.social responsibility -
The provision of social responsibility relates to community commitments to develop projects near the mine site, including training and support for other activities such as building infrastructure and donations.
The movement of the provision for social responsibility for 2019, 2018 and 2017 is broken down as follows:
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Opening balance 18,010 21,689 24,335
Additional provisions 888 - -
Payments (572 ) (3,679 ) (2,646 )
Ending balance 18,326 18,010 21,689

Classification by maturity
Current portion 761 8,351 -
Non-current portion 17,565 9,659 21,689

18,326 18,010 21,689

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

~~The movement~~
(d) Accrual of ~~the ARO for 2017, 2016 and 2015 is broken down as follows:~~operating cost -
The accrual of operating cost relates to the accruals of services received by the Company as part of its operations that were pending to be invoiced such as power, maintenance, contractors and others.

2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Opening balance 1,012,888 578,959 557,457
Additional provisions 221,450 430,292 10,434
Payments (21,376 ) (10,467 ) (11,007 )
Unwinding of discount, note 19 21,769 14,104 22,075
Final balance 1,234,731 1,012,888 578,959

Classification by maturity
Current portion 19,455 15,636 6,698
Non-current portion 1,215,276 997,252 572,261
1,234,731 1,012,888 578,959
In December 2016, the Company completed a comprehensive study of the Yanacocha long-term mining and closure plans as part of the requirement to submit an updated closure plan to Peruvian regulators every five years. As a result, the Company recorded an increase to the reclamation obligation at Yanacocha of US$430 million. The increase to the reclamation obligation resulted in an increase to the recorded asset retirement cost asset of US$352 million related to the producing portions of the mine (note 10) and a non-cash charge to reclamation expense for the year ended December 31, 2016 of US$78 million related to the areas of Yanacocha’s operations no longer in production. The increase to the reclamation obligation was primarily due to higher estimated long-term water management costs, heap leach earthworks and related support activities.
(e) Workers' profit sharing -
In accordance with Peruvian legislation, the Company maintains an employee profit sharing plan equal to 8% of annual taxable income. Distributions to employees under the plan are based 50% on the number of days that each employee worked during the preceding year and 50% on proportionate annual salary levels.

~~F-150~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~13. ~~(continued)~~
There were minimal changes to the updated closure plan in 2017 prior to submitting to Peruvian regulators in September 2017. The regulators completed their review and approved the updated closure plan in November 2017.
As of December 31, 2017, the Company recorded an increase to the reclamation at Yanacocha of US$206 million. The increase to the reclamation obligation resulted in an increase to the recorded asset retirement cost asset of US$97 million related to the producing portions of the mine and a non-cash charge to reclamation expense for the year ended December 31, 2017 of US$109 million related to the areas of Yanacocha’s operations no longer in production. The increase to the reclamation obligation is mainly due to a decrease in the market-based discount rate compared to last year. The discount rates used in the calculation of the provision as at 31 December 2017 are between 0.3% to 2.9% (2016: between 1.4% and 4.2%).
~~(c)~~ ~~Workers' profit sharing -~~
In accordance with Peruvian legislation, the Company maintains an employee profit sharing plan equal to 8% of annual taxable income. Distributions to employees under the plan are based 50% on the number of days that each employee worked during the preceding year and 50% on proportionate annual salary levels.
~~13.~~ ~~Partners’ equity, net~~ Debt instruments

On June 14, 2018, the Company approved the sale of 63,922,565 shares of Minera Yanacocha, S.R.L. to Summit Global Management II BV, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sumitomo Corporation (“Sumitomo”) for a consideration of US$47,911. The transaction resulted in Sumitomo owning 5% of Minera Yanacocha, S.R.L. with Newmont Second Capital Corporation and Buenaventura’s ownership percentages decreasing to 51.35% and 43.65%, respectively.
Under the terms of the transaction, Sumitomo has the option to require the Company to repurchase the 5% interest in Minera Yanacocha, S.R.L. if the Yanacocha Sulfides project does not adequately progress by June 2022 or if the project is approved with an incremental rate of return below a contractually agreed upon rate. Under the terms of the sales agreement, the cash paid by Sumitomo at closing has been placed in an escrow for repayment in the event the option is exercised. As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company holds US$48,617 and US$48,127, respectively in an escrow account with Citibank New York and generates interest at a market rate. This balance is included in the caption Restricted Cash in the consolidated statement of financial position. The restricted cash is not available to finance the Company’s day-to-day operations and, therefore, has been excluded from cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of the consolidated statement of cash flows. It has been disclosed as a non-current asset.
The shares held by Sumitomo meet the definition of a compound instrument and is classified as a liability (with a portion recorded to equity) in the consolidated financial statements of the Company. The difference between the present value of the compound instrument at the date of the transaction for an amount of US$41,695 and the gross redemption amount of US$47,911 was recorded as additional paid-in-capital in equity for an amount of US$6,216 at the date of the transaction.
The value of the compound instrument as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 amounts to US$43,927 and US$42,430, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 the unwinding of the discount was recognized in the caption “Finance costs” in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income for an amount of US$1,497 and US$735, respectively, see note 20.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
14.
Partners’ equity
(a) ~~Partners’ contributions -~~
Partners’ contributions ~~comprise~~-
As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, Partners’ contributions comprise 1,214,528,739 common partnership interests at par value of one Peruvian Sol each, fully subscribed and paid-in (equivalent to US$398,216 at the historical exchange rate). Such partnership interest includes 656,484,745 common partnership interests ~~at par value of one Peruvian Sol each, fully subscribed and paid-in. Such partnership interest includes 656,484,745 shares~~ that are owned by foreign investors.
On December 21, 2017, Minera Yanacocha purchased back 63,922,565 partnership interests owned by International Finance Corporation (“IFC”) for US$47,911, which represented 5% of the capital stock of the Company. On February 19, 2018, the Board of the partners approved the reduction of 63,922,565 of the common partnership interests equivalent to US$19,711. On June 14, 2018, the Board of the partners approved the sale of 63,922,565 partnership units to Summit Global Management II BV, see note 13.

Under current Peruvian regulations, there is no restriction on the remittance of dividends or repatriation of foreign investment, except as discussed in sections below.

The legal structure of the Company is that of a Peruvian limited liability partnership. Major features of such legal structure are: (i) the number of Partners cannot exceed 20, (ii) capital comprises the partnership interests, and (iii) there is no obligation to create a legal reserve.
~~(b)~~ ~~Retained earnings -~~
~~Distribution of earnings to Partners other than legal entities domiciled in Peru is subject to a withholding income tax charged to the partners.~~
Until December 31, 2017, by Law N° 30296 published on December 31, 2014, for individuals and non-resident legal entities, the applicable tax rate was 6.8% for dividend distributions in cash or non-monetary assets for fiscal year 2017. Pursuant to Legislative Decree N° 1261, published on December 10, 2016 and effective as of January 1, 2017, the applicable tax rate to the distribution of cash dividends and non-monetary assets for the year 2017 onwards will be 5%.
~~F-151~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~(c)~~ ~~Dividends declared and paid -~~
On February 15, 2016, the board of Directors unanimously agreed to distribute dividends in the amount of US$300 million, in proportion to its shareholding, which corresponds to a portion of the accumulated results as of December 31, 2014, which have been generated in 2011.
~~14.~~ ~~Tax Situation~~
~~(a)~~ ~~Tax stabilization agreements -~~
~~The Company has entered into the following tax stability agreements, each with a term of 15 years:~~
~~Mine~~ ~~Effective~~ ~~Date of the Tax Agreement~~ ~~Tax Regimes in Force~~
~~Cerro Yanacocha~~ ~~January 1, 2000~~ ~~September 16, 1998~~ ~~May 22, 1997~~
~~La Quinua~~ ~~January 1, 2004~~ ~~August 25, 2003~~ ~~August 25, 2003~~
~~The Cerro Yanacocha tax stabilization agreement expired on January 1, 2015 and is no longer in effect.~~
~~The agreement for La Quinua guarantees the Company's use of the tax regime shown in the table above and permits maintenance of its accounting records in U.S. dollars for tax purposes.~~
The Company determines taxable income based on its understanding and that of its legal advisors, of applicable tax legislation. Taxable income differs from pre-tax income disclosed within these financial statements by those items that the applicable tax legislation deems to be non-taxable or non-deductible.
On December 31, 2014, the Peruvian Government enacted modifications to Income Tax regulations, applicable beginning in 2015. Among the modifications, a progressive income tax rate reduction was approved as follows: 28% for fiscal years 2015 and 2016; 27% for fiscal years 2017 and 2018; and 26% from 2019, onward.
Pursuant to Legislative Decree N° 1261, published on December 10, 2016 and effective as of January 1, 2017, the applicable tax rate on the taxable income will be 29.5 percent. The income tax for La Quinua is 29% according to the tax stabilization agreement entered into with the Peruvian government.

(b) Retained earnings -
Distribution of earnings to Partners other than legal entities domiciled in Peru is subject to a withholding income tax charged to the partners.
Until December 31, 2017, by Law No. 30296 published on December 31, 2014, for individuals and non-resident legal entities, the applicable tax rate was 6.8% for dividend distributions in cash or non-monetary assets for fiscal year 2017. Pursuant to Legislative Decree No. 1261, published on December 10, 2016 and effective as of January 1, 2017, the applicable tax rate to the distribution of cash dividends and non-monetary assets for the year 2017 onwards is 5%.
(c) Dividends declared and paid -
On February 15, 2016, the Executive Committee unanimously agreed to distribute dividends in the amount of US$300 million, in proportion to its shareholding, which corresponds to a portion of the accumulated results as of December 31, 2014, which were generated in 2011.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
15. Tax Situation
(a) Current tax regime -
The Company and its subsidiary are subject to the Peruvian tax regime. The main tax regulations issued during 2018 were the following:
- Since January 1, 2019, the applicable treatment of royalties and remuneration for services rendered by non-domiciled was modified (Legislative Decree No. 1369).
- The rules that regulate the obligation of legal persons and / or legal entities to inform the identification of their final beneficiaries (Legislative Decree No. 1372) were established.
In July 2018, Law No. 30823 was published. Under this Law, the Congress delegated to the Executive Power the power to legislate on various issues, including tax and financial matters. In this sense, the main tax regulations issued are the following:
(i) The Tax Code was modified in order to provide greater guarantees to taxpayers in the application of the general anti-avoidance rule (Rule XVI of the Preliminary Title of the Tax Code); as well as to provide the Tax Administration with tools for its effective implementation.
(ii) Rules have been established for the accrual of income and expenses for tax purposes since January 1, 2019. Until 2018, there was no normative definition of this concept, so in many cases, accounting rules were used for its interpretation.
(b) Tax stabilization agreements -
The Company has entered into the following tax stability agreements, each with a term of 15 years:
Mine Effective Date of the Tax Agreement Tax Regimes in Force
Cerro Yanacocha January 1, 2000 September 16, 1998 May 22, 1997
La Quinua January 1, 2004 August 25, 2003 August 25, 2003
The Cerro Yanacocha tax stabilization agreement expired on January 1, 2015 and La Quinua tax stabilization agreement expired on January 1, 2019.
The La Quinua tax stabilization guaranteed the Company's use of the tax regime shown in the table above and permitted maintenance of its accounting records in U.S. dollars for tax purposes.
The Company determines taxable income based on its understanding and that of its legal advisors, of applicable tax legislation. Taxable income differs from pre-tax income disclosed within these consolidated financial statements by those items that the applicable tax legislation deems to be non-taxable or non-deductible.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
On December 31, 2014, the Peruvian Government enacted modifications to Income Tax regulations, applicable beginning in 2015. Among the modifications, a progressive income tax rate reduction was approved as follows: 28% for fiscal year 2016; 27% for fiscal years 2017 and 2018; and 26% from 2019, onward.
Pursuant to Legislative Decree No. 1261, published on December 10, 2016 and effective as of January 1, 2017, the applicable tax rate on the taxable income is 29.5%. The income tax for La Quinua, until January 1, 2019, was 29% according to the tax stabilization agreement entered into with the Peruvian government.
(c) Years open to tax review -
During the four years following the year of filing the tax return, the tax authorities have the power to review and, as applicable, correct the income tax computed by the Company. In that regard, the tax returns of the years 2015 to 2019 are open to assessment. The fiscal year 2014 is under examination by the Tax Authority (SUNAT).
(d) Transfer pricing -
For purposes of determining the Income Tax, the transfer prices for transactions with related companies and companies domiciled in territories with little or no taxation must be supported with documentation and information on the valuation methods used and the criteria considered for their determination. Tax Administration can request this information based on analysis of the Company's operations.
(e) Other mining taxes -
~~(i)~~ ~~Law N°~~
(i) Law No. 29788, Mining Royalties
On September 28, ~~September~~ 2011, the Peruvian Government enacted new legislation to comprise a new mining tax payable to the Peruvian Government for extracting metallic and non-metallic mineral resources from its mining concessions.
Pursuant to this legislation, the mining royalty is payable quarterly based on sales and operating profit determined in accordance with IFRS. The royalty amount due is 1% of revenue. An additional mining tax due is calculated based on the level of operating profit up to a maximum applicable rate of 12%. This component of the new mining tax only applies to those projects that are not covered by a tax stabilization agreement. During 2019, 2018, and 2017, the amounts included in cost of production related to mining royalties were US$7,360, US$1,273 and US$3,140, respectively. During 2019 the amount included in mining tax expense related to mining royalties were US$1,563 and during 2018 and 2017 there were no amounts included in mining tax expense.

~~F-152~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
Pursuant to this legislation, the mining royalty is payable quarterly based on sales and operating profit determined in accordance with IFRS. The royalty amount due is 1% of revenue. An additional mining tax due is calculated based on the level of operating profit up to a maximum applicable rate of 12%. This component of the new mining tax only applies to those projects that are not covered by a tax stabilization agreement. During 2017, 2016, and 2015, the amounts included in cost of production related to mining royalties were US$3,140,629, US$3,742,000 and US$2,456,000, respectively and during 2017, 2016 and 2015 there were no amounts included in mining tax expense.
~~(ii)~~ ~~Law N°~~
(ii) Law No. 29789, ~~Special Mining Tax~~
~~The~~ Special Mining Tax
The Special Mining Tax ("IEM") applies to mines not covered by a tax stabilization agreement. The IEM is payable on a quarterly basis with rates ranging from 2% to 8.4% of operating profit determined, in accordance with IFRS.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
The rate varies depending on the level of operating profit. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 the amounts included in income and mining tax expense were US$9,702, US$592, and US$1,418, respectively.

The rate varies depending on the level of operating profit. During 2017, 2016 and 2015 the amounts included in income and mining tax expense were US$1,418,000, US$3,259,000 and US$1,838,000 respectively.
~~(iii)~~ ~~Law N°~~
(iii) Law No. 29790, ~~Special Mining Burden~~
~~The~~ Special Mining Burden ("GEM") applies to mines covered by a tax stabilization agreement. The GEM is payable on a quarterly basis with rates ranging from 4% to 13.12% of operating profit, determined in accordance with IFRS. The rate varies depending on the level of operating profit margin. The GEM applied to operations at La Quinua in 2017, 2016 and 2015. This resulted in US$3,526,000, US$6,945,000 and US$19,883,000,
The Special Mining Burden ("GEM") applies to mines covered by a tax stabilization agreement. The GEM is payable on a quarterly basis with rates ranging from 4% to 13.12% of operating profit, determined in accordance with IFRS. The rate varies depending on the level of operating profit margin. The GEM applied to operations at La Quinua in 2018 and 2017. This resulted in US$8,230 and US$3,526, respectively, of additional Income and mining tax expense.
~~(iv)~~ ~~Law N°~~
(iv) Law No. 29471, Supplementary Fund
The Supplementary Fund for retirement of mining applies to metallurgical and steel workers, affiliated to the National Pension System (“SNP”) and the Private Pension System (“PPS”); and is applicable since May 11, 2012. This Fund is formed by employee and employer contributions which are distributed according to the following detail:

- Employers will contribute 0.5% of the annual income before taxes.
- Employees will contribute 0.5% of their monthly gross salary.
- The employer's contributions are paid before tax; therefore these amounts are deductible expenses for the year.
The new pension fund tax is calculated based on annual income and is payable quarterly. During 2017, 2016 and 2015, the amounts included in Income and mining tax expense amounted to US$28,685, US$141,870, and US$459,000, respectively.
~~F-153~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~(c)~~ ~~Peruvian income tax -~~
~~The Company's income tax provision consisted of the following:~~
2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Current Peruvian income tax 3,877 41,105 98,319
Royalties and mining taxes 4,944 10,249 21,721
Other taxes 211 323 639
Income tax prior year adjustments (2,006 ) (2,092 ) (1,766 )
Income tax prior years refunds - (6,458 ) -
Current income tax expense 7,026 43,127 118,913
Deferred income tax expense (benefit) - - 483,804
Income tax expense 7,026 43,127 602,717
~~(d)~~ ~~Deferred income tax asset -~~
~~Components of deferred income tax assets (liabilities) are as follows:~~
2017 2016
US$(000) US$(000)

Deferred income tax assets, net
Property, plant and mine development 571,210 608,783
Reclamation 233,843 160,261
Accounts payable and accrued expenses 78,241 64,703
Inventories 61,435 60,018
Other 3,073 3,077
947,802 896,842
Allowance of deferred income tax asset (947,802 ) (896,842 )
Net deferred income tax asset - -
In December 2017, the Company recorded a valuation allowance on its deferred income tax asset of US$51 million (US$386 million during 2016 and US$510 million during 2015) to the extent that it is not probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences can be utilized.
~~F-154~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~(e)~~ ~~Reconciliation of income tax expense (benefit) –~~
~~Below is a reconciliation of tax expense and the accounts profit multiplied by the statutory tax rate for the years 2017 and 2016:~~
2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Income (loss) before income tax (168,428 ) (1,000,625 ) 152,522
Peruvian statutory tax rate 29.5 % 28 % 28 %
Income tax expense (income) (49,686 ) (280,175 ) 42,706
Valuation allowance on deferred tax asset 50,960 386,763 510,004
Effect of change in income tax rate - (66,667 ) 16,576
Mining taxes 3,530 7,392 15,639
Non-deductible expenses 4,204 3,296 15,288
Adjustment due to income tax rate applicable to la Quinua (124 ) (1,024 ) 2,504
Income tax prior years refunds / payments (1,858 ) (6,458 ) -
Total income tax expense 7,026 43,127 602,717
~~15.~~ ~~Revenue from sales~~

The new pension fund tax is calculated based on annual income and is payable quarterly. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 the amounts included in Income and mining tax expense amounted to US$728, US$39 and US$29, respectively.
(f) Peruvian income tax -
The Company's income tax provision consisted of the following:
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Current Peruvian income tax 42,978 12,525 3,877
Royalties and mining taxes 11,444 8,822 4,944
Income tax from prior years 8,459 8,900 (2,006 )
Fines from previous years, note 24 4,056 - -
Other taxes 993 121 211
Income tax prior years refunds (*) (3,002 ) - -
Current income tax expense 64,928 30,368 7,026
Deferred income tax expenses (benefit) - (1,071 ) -

Income tax expense 64,928 29,297 7,026
(*) Tax refunds were obtained through tax courts resolutions regarding to outstanding tax claims of the income tax payments performed on year 2004.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
(g) Deferred income tax asset -
As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company maintains a deferred income tax asset for US$1,071 recorded in year 2018. The recognized deferred income tax asset corresponds entirely to additional tax credits that can be recovered by reducing the income tax paid of open periods subject to review of the tax authority.
(h) Reconciliation of income tax expense (benefit) -
Below is a reconciliation of tax expense and the accounts profit multiplied by the statutory tax rate for the years 2019, 2018 and 2017:
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Loss before income tax (30,329 ) (52,220 ) (168,428 )
Peruvian statutory tax rate 29.5 % 29.5 % 29.5 %
Income tax income (8,947 ) (15,405 ) (49,686 )
Valuation allowance on deferred tax asset 46,473 23,771 50,960
Effect of change in translation to US dollars (4,217 ) - -
Mining taxes 8,068 6,260 3,530
Non-deductible expenses 13,045 6,962 4,204
Difference in income tax rate applicable to La Quinua at 29% - (176 ) (124 )
Income tax prior years (refunds) / payments 6,450 7,885 (1,858 )
Fines from prior years, note 24 4,056 - -

Total income tax expense 64,928 29,297 7,026
(i) The main tax regulations issued during 2019 are as follows–
(i) Modified, starting in January 1, 2019, the treatment applicable to the royalties and fees for services provided by non-domiciled recipients, eliminating the obligation to pay an amount equivalent to the withholding when the costs or expenses are booked, and must now withhold the corresponding income tax at the time of their payment or retribution accreditation (Legislative Decree No. 1369).
(ii) Established rules governing the obligation of legal persons and (or) legal entities to report the identification of their final beneficiaries (Legislative Decree No. 1372). These rules are applicable to legal persons domiciled in the country, pursuant to article 7 of the Income Tax Law, and to legal entities in the country. The obligation is applicable for non-domiciled legal entities and legal entities constituted abroad while: a) have a branch, agency or another permanent establishment in the country; b) the person (natural or legal entity) who manage the autonomous patrimony or foreign investment funds, or the natural or legal person who has the quality of guard or administrator, is domiciled in the country; and, c) any part of a consortium is domiciled in the country. This obligation will be fulfilled by submitting to the tax authority of sworn statement information, which should contain the final beneficiary information and be submitted, in compliance with the regulations and in the deadlines established through a resolution of the Tax Authority.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
(iii) Changed the tax code in the implementation of the General Anti-Avoidance Rule – GAAR (Rule XVI of the preliminary title of the Tax Code (Legislative Decree No. 1422).
The GAAR is intended to prevent taxpayers from entering into transactions that would allow them to minimize their tax liabilities. The Tax authority will be entitled to apply the GAAR in ordinary tax audits since July 19, 2012; however, the tax authority will have to obtain the approval from a committee before applying the GAAR.
Other rules regarding the GAAR are:
(a) Jointly Liability of Legal Representatives – the legal representatives will be jointly liable for the tax debt as a result of the application of the GAAR by the Tax Authority.
(b) Tax Planning approval by the Board of Directors - Up to March 29, 2019 board of Directors should approve (ratify or modify) all the tax planning of their entities since July 19, 2012. The members of the board will be liable for the tax assessment as a result of the application of the GAAR.
(j) As of December 31, 2019, the Company determined a current income tax payable of US$20,276 (Prepaid income tax credit of US$19,239 as December 31, 2018) and mining taxes payable for US$2,877 (US$3,552 as December 31, 2018). The current income tax payable of year 2019 includes the current income tax offset by the credits of the period, and the income tax contingencies, see note 24, for US$7,913 and US$12,363; respectively.
16. Revenue from contracts with customers
(a) The Company’s revenues are mainly from sales of gold ounces. The table below presents the net sales to customers by geographic region:
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Sales and services by geographic region:
Metal sales
Europe (Switzerland) 734,526 518,664 491,887
America - 139,989 179,018

734,526 658,653 670,905

2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Sales and services by geographic region:
Metal sales
Suiza 491,887 558,723 754,335
America 179,018 233,043 315,686
670,905 791,766 1,070,021
Royalties, note 1(a) and 21 (20,739 ) (24,339 ) (32,414 )
Mining royalties to the government (4,990 ) (6,234 ) (6,433 )
645,176 761,193 1,031,174
~~F-155~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~16.~~ ~~Costs applicable to sales~~
~~This caption~~
(b) Other operating revenue is made up as follows:
2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Beginning balance of finished goods and in-process 446,503 544,325 660,763
Beginning balance of provision for net realizable value, note 8(b) (84,374 ) (90,298 ) (163,094 )
Consumption of supplies 240,881 228,376 210,384
Personnel expenses 99,702 87,258 102,867
Other services 66,408 73,779 82,787
Maintenance 24,033 36,213 38,646
Power 23,565 27,270 27,713
Depreciation and amortization 87,783 140,712 223,142
Workers' profit participation 1,242 12,394 28,852
Reclamation expenses related to leach pads, note 12(b) 124,124 78,494 -
Ending balance of provision for net realizable value, note 8(b) 62,540 84,374 90,298
Ending balance of finished goods and in-process (345,489 ) (446,503 ) (544,325 )
746,918 776,394 758,033

~~17.~~ ~~Operating expenses, net~~
~~This caption is made up as follows:~~
2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Exploration and advanced projects 51,694 49,580 64,230
Severance program 9,419 9,659 14,904
Write-off of fixed assets 1,368 14,036 2,411
Cost of fixed assets sold 1,632 160 1,624
Income from fixed asset sales (2,235 ) (471 ) (1,116 )
Others, net 1,636 (1,468 ) 793
63,514 71,496 82,846
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Copper and silver in concentrate 4,098 20,442 17,509
Others 678 1,523 4,361

4,776 21,965 21,870

~~18.~~ ~~Administrative expenses~~
~~This caption is made up as follows:~~
2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Management expenses 3,395 7,191 18,108
Other 1,365 1,589 1,920
4,760 8,780 20,028
~~F-156~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~19.~~ ~~Finance costs~~
Financial costs for the year ended December 31, 2017 are mainly related to the unwinding of the discount of the reclamation and mine closure liability amounting to US$21,769,000 (US$14,104,000, and US$22,075,000 for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively). See note 12(b)
For the year ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the amount of the subsequent changes in fair value of the trade receivable were US$176, US$15 and US$346, respectively and are presented as part of the caption “Copper and silver in concentrate”.

~~20.~~ ~~Commitments and contingencies~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
(c) Concentration of sales -
In 2019, the 100% of Dore sales was performed to Royal Bank of Canada consigned to Argor Hereaus (Switzerland) and no copper concentrate sales performed during the period. As of December 31, 2018, 79% to Switzerland (Scotia Mocatta consigned to Valcambi 52% and Royal Bank of Canada consigned to Argor Hereaus 27%) and 21% to United States of America (Dore across Scotia Mocatta consigned by Asahi 20% and Copper Concentrate to MCC Non Ferrous Trading 0.1%). Related to Copper Concentrate as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, 100% of accounts receivables are related to MCC Non Ferrous Trading.
The Company's sales of gold and concentrates are delivered to investment banks and national and international well-known companies. Some of these clients have long-term sales contracts with the Company for the supply of the production from the Company’s mines.
17. Costs applicable to sales

This caption is made up as follows:
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Beginning balance of finished goods and in-process 341,213 345,489 446,503
Beginning balance of provision for net realizable value, note 8(b) (89,127 ) (62,540 ) (84,374 )
Royalties to related parties, note 1(a) and note 22 22,297 20,385 20,739
Mining royalties to the government 9,255 2,875 4,990
Consumption of supplies 200,036 215,863 240,881
Personnel expenses 72,325 82,645 99,702
Other services 41,120 43,671 66,408
Maintenance 26,645 22,585 24,033
Power 23,619 24,203 23,565
Depreciation and amortization 144,862 156,212 87,783
Workers' profit sharing 12,804 3,837 1,242
Provision of closure mines, note 12(b) 142,129 16,285 124,124
Ending balance of provision for net realizable value,
note 8(b) 47,925 89,127 62,540
Ending balance of finished goods and in-process (302,382 ) (341,213 ) (345,489 )

692,721 619,424 772,647
For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the cost of inventories recognized in cost of sales was US$326,790, US$327,459 and US$456,647, respectively.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
18. Operating expenses, net
This caption is made up as follows:
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Exploration and advanced projects 33,669 62,643 51,694
Severance program 2,210 8,678 9,419
Cost of sales from the sale of fixed assets 2,092 5,445 1,632
Tax fine 2,019 3,954 -
Write-off of fixed assets 1,204 - 1,368
Revenue from sale of fixed assets (8,088 ) (4,821 ) (2,235 )
Others, net 2,881 256 1,636
35,987 76,155 63,514
19. Administrative expenses
This caption is made up as follows:
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Management expenses 1,341 1,317 3,395
Other 403 1,466 1,365

1,744 2,783 4,760
20. Finance costs
This caption is made up as follows:
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Unwinding of the discount of the provision for mining closure, note 12(b) 36,709 36,015 21,769
Interests on tax contingency and others, see note 24 16,938 161 128
Commissions of guarantee letters 2,485 2,113 1,869
Unwinding of debt instruments, note 13 1,497 735 -
57,629 39,024 23,766
F-187
Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
21. Commitments and contingencies
Unitization of properties -
In December 2000, as a result of the unitization plan carried out by the Partners, the Company signed several asset transfer and mining lease agreements with related entities. The main conditions are:
- The Company must pay to Chaupiloma, 3% of the quarterly net sales, according to the lease agreement. The mining rights subject to this 3% royalty are those identified in the lease agreement as part of the “Area of Influence of Chaupiloma”. Some of these mining rights are in exploitation and the rest of them in exploration.
- The Company must pay to Los Tapados S.A., 3% of the quarterly net sales proceeds of mineral extracted from the transferred and leased concessions of Los Tapados S.A. The transferred and leased concessions of Los Tapados S.A. are also subject to a previously existing royalty on the minerals. These mining rights are in exploitation and others inactive.
Legal proceedings -
Conga project Constitutional claim -
On October 18, 2012, Marco Antonio Arana Zegarra filed a constitutional claim against the Ministry of Energy and Mines and Yanacocha requesting the Court to order the suspension of the Conga project as well as to declare not applicable the October 27, 2010, directorial resolution approving the Conga project Environmental Impact Assessment (“EIA”). On October 23, 2012, a Cajamarca judge dismissed the claims based on formal grounds finding that: (i) plaintiffs had not exhausted previous administrative proceedings; (ii) the directorial resolution approving the Conga EIA is valid, and was not challenged when issued in the administrative proceedings; (iii) there was inadequate evidence to conclude that the Conga project is a threat to the constitutional right of living in an adequate environment and; (iv) the directorial resolution approving the Conga project EIA does not guarantee that the Conga project will proceed, so there was no imminent threat to be addressed by the Court. The plaintiffs appealed the dismissal of the case. The Civil Court of the Superior Court of Cajamarca confirmed the above mentioned resolution and the plaintiff presented an appeal. On March 13, 2015, the Constitutional Court published its ruling stating that the case should be sent back to the first court with an order to formally admit the case and start the judicial process in order to review the claim and the proofs presented by the plaintiff. Yanacocha has answered the claim. Neither the Company nor Yanacocha can reasonably predict the outcome of this litigation.
The Company has not established a provision in the accompanying financial statements for a loss arising from this contingency, which it does not consider probable.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
Environmental -
The Peruvian government agency responsible for environmental evaluation and inspection, Organismo Evaluacion y Fiscalizacion Ambiental (“OEFA”), conducts periodic reviews of the Yanacocha site. In 2011 to 2019, OEFA issued notices of alleged violations of OEFA standards to Yanacocha and Conga relating to past inspections. OEFA has resolved some alleged violations with minimal or no findings. In 2015 and 2016, the water authority of Cajamarca issued notices of alleged regulatory violations, and resolved some allegations in 2017 with no findings. The experience with OEFA and the water authority is that in the case of a finding of violation, remedial action is often the outcome rather than a significant fine. The alleged OEFA violations currently range from zero to 17,642 units and the water authority alleged violations range from zero to 10 units, with each unit having a potential fine equivalent to approximately 1,260 dollars based on current exchange rates with a total potential fine amount for outstanding matters of (US$0 to US$22,200). Yanacocha and Conga are responding to all notices of alleged violations, but cannot reasonably predict the outcome of the agency allegations.
The Company has not established a provision in the accompanying financial statements for a loss arising from this contingency, which it does not consider probable.
Open tax procedures -
The Tax Authority has the right to examine, and, if necessary, amend the Company’s income tax provision for the last four years. The Company’s income tax filings for the years 2014 through 2017 are open to examination by the tax authorities. For value added tax, the periods open for examination are the years 2015 through 2018. To date, National Tax Supervisor “SUNAT” has concluded its review of the Company’s tax exams through the year 2013. For years 2003 and 2009, the Company is in the claim and appeal process.
In the Company Management’s and legal advisors’ opinion, there are sound legal grounds to sustain the Company’s tax positions; as a result, Management expects to obtain favorable results on these processes and any additional tax assessment would not be significant to the consolidated financial statements.
For the periods pending of examination, due to the many possible interpretations of current legislation, it is not possible to determine whether or not future reviews will result in tax liabilities for the Company. In the event that additional taxes are payable, including interest and surcharges, as a result of the Tax Authority reviews, they will be charged to expense in the period assessed. However, in Management’s and legal advisors’ opinion, any additional tax assessment would not be significant to the consolidated financial statements.
Tax contingencies -
Withholding income tax for fiscal years 2002 and 2003 -
The Tax Administration challenged the withholding tax rate applied on the technical assistance services provided by a non-resident supplier. The services were executed in Peru and also abroad; however, the Company was not able to prove that during the tax audit. Based on that, the Tax Administration considers that the services were wholly executed in Peru; therefore, the withholding tax rate should be 30% instead of 12%. Currently there is no contingency in this regard. The tax liability has been paid by the Company.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
Tax Dispute related to the amortization of the contractual rights –
In 2000, Yanacocha paid Buenaventura and Minas Conga S.R.L. a total of US$29 million to assume their respective contractual positions in mining concession agreements with Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca S.M.R.L. The contractual rights allowed Yanacocha the opportunity to conduct exploration on the concessions, but not a purchase of the concessions. The tax authority alleges that the payments to Buenaventura and Minas Conga S.R.L. were acquisitions of mining concessions requiring the amortization of the amounts under the Peru Mining Law over the life of the mine. Yanacocha expensed the amounts at issue in the initial year since the payments were not for the acquisition of a concession but rather these expenses represent the payment of an intangible and therefore, amortizable in a single year or proportionally for up to ten years according to Income Tax Law. In 2010, the tax court in Peru ruled in favor of Yanacocha and the tax authority appealed the issue to the judiciary. The first appellate court confirmed the ruling of the tax court in favor of Yanacocha. However, in November, 2015, a Superior Court in Peru made an appellate decision overturning the two prior findings in favor of Yanacocha. Yanacocha has appealed the Superior Court ruling to the Peru Supreme Court. On January 18, 2019, the Peru Supreme Court issued notice that three judges support the position of the tax authority and two judges support the position of Yanacocha. Because four votes are required for a final decision, an additional judge was selected to issue a decision and the parties conducted oral arguments in April 2019. In early February 2020, the additional judge ruled in favor of the tax authority, finalizing a decision of the Peru Supreme Court against Yanacocha, see note 24. Yanacocha will file an action objecting to the fines and interest associated with the underlying decision of the Peru Supreme Court. The potential outstanding liability in this matter amounts up to US$61 million. It is not possible to fully predict the outcome of this litigation.
Letters of Guarantee -
The Company has signed Letters of Guarantee with various financial institutions in accordance with the Mine Closure Regulation approved by Supreme Decree No. 033-2005 of the Ministry of Energy and Mines. The table below sets out the outstanding signed commitments at year ends by financial institution.
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Scotiabank 253,317 235,000 190,000
Pacífico Surich 200,000 - -
La Positiva 70,000 - -
Rimac (Travelers) 60,000 - -
Banco de Credito del Peru (a) - 114,251 123,729
BBVA Continental - 190,000 190,000

583,317 539,251 503,729
(a) Letters of guarantee of Banco de Credito del Peru include US$6,321 related to San Jose Reservoir Trust in 2017. In 2019 and 2018 letters of guarantee were not required.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
Letters of guarantee shall come into force if the Company fails to execute in whole or in part the mine closure plan.
22. Transactions with related parties
(a) The main transactions carried out by the Company with its related parties in the years 2019, 2018 and 2017 were:
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Royalties accrued:
Affiliates:
S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca, note 17 and 1(a) 22,297 20,385 20,739
Services rendered by:
Affiliates:
Newmont Peru S.R.L. (management services) (b) 10,729 12,837 8,985
Newmont International Services 10,822 5,181 281
Newmont USA Limited 4,118 5,381 5,607
(b) Management services including key personnel are provided by a related party.
(c) As a result of the ~~unitization plan carried out by~~transactions indicated in the ~~Partners,~~paragraph (a), the Company ~~signed several asset transfer~~had the following accounts receivable and ~~mining lease agreements with related entities. The main conditions are:~~
- The Company must pay to Chaupiloma, 3% of the quarterly net sales, according to the lease agreement. The mining rights subject to this 3% royalty are those identified in the lease agreement as part of the “Area of Influence of Chaupiloma”. Some of these mining rights are in exploitation and the rest of them in exploration.payable from and (or) to affiliates:

- The Company must pay to S.M.R.L. Coshuro (“Coshuro”) and Buenaventura, 3% of the quarterly net sales, according to the transfer agreement. The mining rights subject to this 3% royalty are those identified in the transfer agreement, and are located out of the “Area of Influence of Chaupiloma” and within the “Area of Influence of the Joint Venture”. These mining rights are currently under exploration.
- The Company must pay to Los Tapados S.A., 3% of the quarterly net sales proceeds of mineral extracted from the transferred and leased concessions of Los Tapados S.A. The transferred and leased concessions of Los Tapados S.A. are also subject to a previously existing royalty on the minerals. These mining rights are currently under exploration.
~~Legal proceedings -~~
~~Conga project Constitutional claim -~~
On October 18, 2012, Marco Antonio Arana Zegarra filed a constitutional claim against the Ministry of Energy and Mines and the Company requesting the Court to order the suspension of the Conga project as well as to declare not applicable the October 27, 2010 directorial resolution approving the Conga project Environmental Impact Assessment (“EIA”). On October 23, 2012, a Cajamarca judge dismissed the claims based on formal grounds finding that: (i) plaintiffs had not exhausted previous administrative proceedings; (ii) the directorial resolution approving the Conga EIA is valid, and was not challenged when issued in the administrative proceedings; (iii) there was inadequate evidence to conclude that the Conga project is a threat to the constitutional right of living in an adequate environment and; (iv) the directorial resolution approving the Conga project EIA does not guarantee that the Conga project will proceed, so there was no imminent threat to be addressed by the Court. The plaintiffs appealed the dismissal of the case. The Civil Court of the Superior Court of Cajamarca confirmed the above mentioned resolution and the plaintiff presented an appeal. On March 13, 2015, the Constitutional Court published its ruling stating that the case should be sent back to the first court with an order to formally admit the case and start the judicial process in order to review the claim and the proofs presented by the plaintiff. The Company has answered the claim. The Company cannot reasonably predict the outcome of this litigation.
~~Environmental -~~
The Peruvian government agency responsible for environmental evaluation and inspection, Organismo Evaluacion y Fiscalizacion Ambiental (“OEFA”), conducts periodic reviews of the Yanacocha site. In 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016 and 2017, OEFA issued notices of alleged violations of OEFA standards to the Company relating to past inspections. OEFA has resolved with minimal or no findings. In 2015 and 2016, the water authority of Cajamarca issued notices of alleged regulatory violations, and resolved some allegations in 2017 with no findings. The experience with OEFA and the water authority is that in the case of a finding of violation, remedial action is often the outcome rather than a significant fine. The alleged OEFA violations currently range from zero to 11,310 tax units and the water authority alleged violations range from zero to 10,054 tax units, being each tax unit equivalent to approximately US$1,224 based on current exchange rates. The Company is responding to all notices of alleged violations, but cannot reasonably predict the outcome of the agency allegations.
~~F-157~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~Open tax procedures -~~
The Tax Authority has the right to examine, and, if necessary, amend the Company’s income tax provision for the last four years. The Company’s income tax filings for the years 2013 through 2017 are open to examination by the tax authorities. For value added tax, the periods open for examination are the years 2014 through 2017. To date, National Tax Supervisor “SUNAT” has concluded its review of the Company’s tax exams through the year 2011. For years 2002 through 2009, the Company is in the claim and appeal process. The tax administration is auditing the income tax from 2013.
In Management’s and legal advisors’ opinion, there are sound legal grounds to sustain the Company’s tax positions; as a result, Management expects to obtain favorable results on these processes and any additional tax assessment would not be significant to the consolidated financial statements.
For the periods pending of examination, due to the many possible interpretations of current legislation, it is not possible to determine whether or not future reviews will result in tax liabilities for the Company. In the event that additional taxes are payable, including interest and surcharges, as a result of the Tax Authority reviews, they will be charged to expense in the period assessed. However, in Management’s and legal advisors’ opinion, any additional tax assessment would not be significant to the consolidated financial statements.
~~Tax contingencies -~~
~~Withholding income tax for fiscal years 2002 and 2003 -~~
The Tax Administration challenged the withholding tax rate applied on the technical assistance services provided by a non-resident supplier. The services were executed in Peru and also abroad; however, the Company was not able to prove that during the tax audit. Based on that, the Tax Administration considers that the services were wholly executed in Peru; therefore, the withholding tax rate should be 30% instead of 12%. The amount of the contingency involved is S/12.8 million (US$3.9 million). In Management's and its legal counsel’s opinion, that consideration has no support and the Company should obtain a favorable outcome in the appeal initiated against the tax authorities.
~~F-158~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~Health Contributions - ESSALUD -~~
The Tax Administration considers that the bonus for closing the collective agreement and the collateral benefits granted to the unionized and non-unionized employees qualify as remunerative concepts; hence, taxed with the contribution to ESSALUD. The contingency amounts to S/11.5 million (US$3.5 million) for 2011 and 2012.~~In Management's and its legal counsel’s opinion, that interpretation has no support and the Company should obtain a favorable outcome in the appeal initiated against the tax authorities.~~
~~Tax Dispute related to the amortization of the contractual rights -~~
In 2000, the Company paid a total of US$$29 million to assume their respective contractual positions in mining concession agreements with Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca S.M.R.L. The contractual rights allowed the Company the opportunity to conduct exploration on the concessions, but not a purchase of the concessions. The tax authority alleges that the payments were acquisitions of mining concessions requiring the amortization of the amounts under the Peru Mining Law over the life of the mine. The Company expensed the amounts at issue in the initial year since the payments were not for the acquisition of a concession but rather these expenses represent the payment of an intangible and therefore, amortizable in a single year or proportionally for up to ten years according to Income Tax Law. In 2010, the Tax Court in Peru ruled in favor of the Company and the tax authority appealed the issue to the judiciary. The first appellate court confirmed the ruling of the Tax Court in favor of the Company. However, in November, 2015, a Superior Court in Peru made an appellate decision overturning the two prior findings in favor of the Company. The Company has appealed the Superior Court ruling to the Peru Supreme Court. The potential liability in this matter is in the form of fines and interest in an amount up to US$82.9 million. While management has assessed that the likelihood of a ruling against the Company in the Supreme Court as remote, it is not possible to fully predict the outcome of this litigation.
~~Letters of Guarantee -~~
The Company has signed Letters of Guarantee with various financial institutions in accordance with the Mine Closure Regulation approved by Supreme Decree No.033-2005 of the Ministry of Energy and Mines. The table below sets out the outstanding signed commitments at year ends by financial institution. In general, these letters of guarantee are renewed annually.
2017 2016
US$(000) US$(000)

Banco de Credito del Peru (a) 123,729 188,000
BBVA Continental 190,000 120,000
Scotiabank 190,000 120,000
503,729 428,000
~~(a)~~ ~~Letters of guarantee of Banco de Credito del Peru include US$6,321,000 and US$7,626,000 related to San Jose Reservoir Trust in 2017 and 2016, respectively.~~
~~These three letters of guarantee shall come into force if the Company fails to execute in whole or in part the mine closure plan.~~
~~21.~~ ~~Transactions with related parties~~
~~(a)~~ ~~The main transactions carried out by the Company with its related parties in the years 2017, 2016, and 2015 were:~~
2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Royalties paid:
S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca, note 15 and 1(a) 20,739 24,339 32,414

Services rendered by:
Newmont Peru S.R.L. (management services) 8,985 10,420 24,644
Newmont USA Limited 5,607 6,438 9,076
~~F-159~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~(b)~~ ~~As a result of the transactions indicated in the paragraph (a), the Company had the following accounts receivable and payable from/to associates:~~
2017 2016
US$(000) US$(000) 2019 2018
US$(000) US$(000)
Balance receivable from related parties, note 6
Newmont International Services Limited 168 194
Newmont USA Limited 1,523 389 144 207
Suriname Gold Company LLC 567 281
Suriname Gold Company 135 -
NVL, USA Limited, Delaware 79 - 102 321
Newmont Peru S.R.L. 10 15 26 22
Newmont Technologies Limited 5 120
Newmont Global Employment Limited 20 22
Suriname Gold Company LLC - 18
Newmont USA Limited – Carlin - 10
Others 1 10 3 -
2,185 815
598 794
Balance payable for related parties, note 11
S.M.R Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca 5,144 5,846 4,863 5,461
Newmont USA Limited. 2,548 1,403
Newmont International Service Limited 3,297 2,059
Newmont Peru S.R.L. 1,263 742 1,101 1,460
Newmont Technologies Limited. 960 1,007 1,042 634
Newmont International Service Limited. 42 26
Newmont USA Limited. 1,034 1,067
Newmont US Carlin Limited 3 163
Others 5 28 86 2
9,962 9,052 11,426 10,846

AII the balances above are of current maturity, have no specific guarantees and are not interest bearing.

~~F-160~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued) ~~(continued)~~

~~22.~~ ~~Financial - risk management objectives and policies~~
For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, there is no allowance for expected credit losses related to related parties accounts.

~~The Company's operations are exposed to certain financial risks: some market risks (foreign exchange~~
23. Financial - risk ~~interest rate risk~~management objectives and ~~price risk), credit risk and liquidity risk.~~policies
The Company's operations are exposed to certain financial risks: some market risks (foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk and price risk, credit risk and liquidity risk). The Company's overall risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimize potential adverse effects on the Company's financial performance. The most important aspects in risk management are the following:

(a) Market risks -
(i) ~~Foreign exchange risk -~~
Foreign exchange risk -
Foreign exchange risk exposure arises from exchange rate fluctuations of balances denominated in different currencies than the U.S. dollar. Since transactions and balances denominated in foreign currency are not significant, the current exchange rate risk exposure is limited. Management has decided to assume the exchange risk exposure with the results of the Company's operations; therefore it has not engaged in hedging activities.
(ii) Interest rate risk ~~exposure is limited. Management has decided to assume the exchange~~-
The Company does not maintain significant interest-bearing assets or liabilities; therefore, net income (loss) and cash flows of the Company are substantially independent from the changes in market interest rates.
(iv) Price risk ~~exposure with the results of the Company's operations; therefore it has not engaged in hedging activities.~~-
The Company's financial instruments exposed to price risk are limited to its trade accounts receivable (exposed to gold price) and its available-for-sale financial assets, none of which show a material balance at the end of year, therefore no significant impact on the consolidated financial statements has arisen due to changes in their price that would need to be disclosed.
(b) Credit risk -
The Company evaluates the concentration of risk with respect to trade receivables as low, as its customers are located in Canada and operate in largely independent markets. The Company's products (refined golddore) are negotiated in international markets being subject to the global demand, as a result it does not concentrate risks related to limited number of clients. The Company counts with counterparties with high credit-rating, and have not had any significant default event arising from risk concentration.

~~(ii)~~ ~~Interest rate risk -~~
The Company does not maintain significant interest-bearing assets or liabilities; therefore, net income (loss) and cash flows of the Company are substantially independent from the changes in market interest rates.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

~~(iii)~~ ~~Price risk-~~
The Company's financial instruments exposed to price risk are limited to its trade accounts receivable (exposed to gold price) and its available-for-sale financial assets, none of which show a material balance at the end of year, therefore no significant impact on the consolidated financial statements has arisen due to changes in their price that would need to be disclosed.
~~(b)~~ ~~Credit risk-~~
Credit risk is managed on a group basis by Newmont according to its policies. Financial instruments exposed to credit risk are cash and cash equivalents, investments in debt and equity instruments, trade accounts receivable and other accounts receivable. For banks and financial institutions, only independently rated parties with a minimum "A" rating are accepted. Regarding trade accounts receivable, according to the practice in the latest years, collections have generally been in full. A credit review of the portfolio is performed quarterly to determine any deterioration in credit quality. The Company does not foresee any significant losses that may arise from this risk.

~~(c)~~ ~~Liquidity risk-~~
Set out below is the information about the credit risk exposure on the Company’s trade and other receivables:
Days past due
Total
US$(000)

Current
US$(000) < 30 days
US$(000) 30 – 90 days
US$(000) > 90 days
US$(000)

As of December 31, 2019
Trade receivables - 5,047 7,976 1,993 15,016
Total 5,047 7,976 1,993 15,016
As of December 31, 2018
Trade receivables 3,870 564 81 24,563 29,078
Total 3,870 564 81 24,563 29,078
(c) Liquidity risk -
Management administrates its exposure to liquidity risk through financing from internal operations, Company's partners and maintaining good relationships with local and foreign banks in order to maintain adequate levels of credit available. The Company currently has no existing bank lines of credit.
The following table represents the analysis of the Company's financial liabilities, considering the remaining period to reach such maturity as of the consolidated statement of financial position date (see notes 11 and 12):
2019 2018
Less than 1 year Less than 1 year
US$(000) US$(000)

Trade accounts payable 45,671 48,847
Accounts payable to related parties 11,426 10,846
Lease liabilities 290 -
57,387 59,693

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
(d) Capital risk management -
The Company's objectives for managing capital are to safeguard the Company's ability to continue as a going concern in order to provide expected returns for partners and benefits for other stakeholders and to maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce the cost of capital.
The Company manages its capital structure and makes adjustments to meet the changing economic market conditions. The Company's policy is to fund all projects of short and long term with their own operating resources. To maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Company may change the policy of paying dividends to shareholders, return capital to shareholders or issue new shares. No formal dividend policy exists.
(e) Fair value measurement -
Fair value accounting establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements).
As required by accounting guidance, assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company's assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (at least annually) correspond to the San José Reservoir Trust assets and the accounts receivable from the sales of copper and silver concentrate subject to provisional pricing.
The Company's San José Reservoir Trust assets are made up of marketable equity and debt securities that are valued using quoted market prices in active markets and as such are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the marketable equity securities is calculated as the quoted market price of the marketable equity security multiplied by the quantity of shares held by the Company.
There were no transfers between Level 1and Level 2 during 2019.
The Company's impairment loss is valued using valuation techniques to determine the WACC rate. These valuation techniques maximize the use of observable market data where it is available and rely as little as possible on entity specific estimates as such is classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
Carrying value versus fair value
Set out below is a comparison of the carrying amount and fair value of the Company’s financial instruments, other than those which carrying amounts are reasonable approximation of fair value:
Carrying amount Fair value
2019 2018 2019 2018
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents 818,503 723,208 818,503 723,208
Trade and other receivables, net 15,016 29,078 15,016 29,078
Restricted cash 48,617 48,127 50,353 48,601
Financial assets at fair value 23,648 23,290 23,648 23,290
905,784 823,703 907,520 824,177
Carrying amount Fair value
2019 2018 2019 2018
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Financial liabilities:
Trade and other payables 76,484 83,464 76,484 83,464
Provisions and other accruals 596 - 596 -
Debt instrument 43,927 42,430 43,927 42,430
121,007 125,894 121,007 125,894
Management assessed that the fair values of cash and short-term deposits, trade receivables, trade payables and other current liabilities approximate their carrying amounts largely due to short-term maturities of these instruments. Trade receivables subject to provisional pricing are already carried at fair value.
24. Summary of significant differences between accounting principles followed by the Company and U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
The Company's financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards which differs in certain respects from U.S. GAAP. The effects of these differences are reflected in note 25 and are principally related to the items discussed in the following paragraphs:
(a) Impairment -
Under IFRS, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of an asset whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired. The recoverable amount is the higher of the fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Value in use is the present value of the future cash flows expected to be derived from an asset or cash-generating unit. Impairment loss previously recorded is reversible in subsequent periods under certain conditions.
Under IFRS, the Company recorded in 2013 and 2016 an impairment loss related to its Conga and Yanacocha CGU for US$1,126 million and US$1,342 million, respectively. In 2019, 2018 and 2017, the Company did not recognize any impairment loss.

~~F-161~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~(continued)
Under US GAAP, the Company used undiscounted cash flows to perform an impairment evaluation. In 2019, 2018 and 2017, no impairment indicators were identified for its Yanacocha and Conga CGU. In 2016, the Company recorded an impairment loss related to its Yanacocha CGU for US$ 933.2 million.
For reconciling the net income/loss and net equity from US GAAP to IFRS, the Company eliminates the higher depreciation recorded under US GAAP corresponding to the impaired assets under IFRS.

The following table represents the analysis of the Company's financial liabilities, considering the remaining period to reach such maturity as of the consolidated statement of financial position date (see note 11):
(b) Stripping activity asset -
Under IFRS, the stripping costs in the production phase of a surface mine are accounted according to the accounting principles disclosed in note 2, consequently the stripping activity asset is capitalized as stripping activity asset and has an impact in the depreciation expense.
Under U.S. GAAP, the costs of clearing removal (stripping cost of production) incurred during the production stage are recorded as part of the production cost of inventories, accordingly, such costs are recorded on the income statement at an earlier time than IFRS.

2017 2016
Less than 1 year Less than 1 year
US$(000) US$(000)

Trade accounts payable 43,108 44,634
Accounts payable to related parties 9,962 9,052
Remuneration and similar benefits payable 27,419 8,516
80,489 62,202
(c) Reclamation and mine closure –
Under IFRS, the liability is measured in accordance with IAS 37 and IFRIC 1. Upward and downward revisions in the amount of undiscounted estimated cash flows are discounted using the current market-based discount rate (this includes changes in the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability), see note 2.4(k).

~~(d)~~ ~~Capital risk management -~~
The Company's objectives for managing capital are to safeguard the Company's ability to continue as a going concern in order to provide expected returns for partners and benefits for other stakeholders and to maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce the cost of capital.
Under IFRS, the Company updates the discount rate used to discount its liability at the closing date, this change in the discount rate has an impact (increase/decrease) in the asset retirement cost and reclamation liability.
Under US GAAP, upward revisions in the amount of undiscounted estimated cash flows are discounted using the current credit-adjusted risk-free rate. Downward revisions in the amount of undiscounted estimated cash flows are discounted using the credit-adjusted risk-free rate that existed when the original liability was recognized.
Under US GAAP, there are no requirements of update the discount rate.

~~In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Company may adjust the amount of dividends paid to its partners. No formal dividend policy exists.~~
(d) Inventories -
Under IFRS, the cost of inventory mainly includes a lower depreciation as a result of the reduced value of property, plant and equipment due to the impairments recorded in prior years, the impact of the stripping activity asset and workers' profit sharing.

~~(e)~~ ~~Fair value estimation -~~
Fair value accounting establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements).
Under US GAAP, the cost of inventory is affected by a different depreciation since the impairment recognized under US GAAP is different than the one recognized under IFRS. According to US GAAP, the workers' profit sharing is excluded of the inventory costing.

As required by accounting guidance, assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company's assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (at least annually) correspond to the San José Reservoir Trust assets.
(e) Contingencies -
Under IFRS, a provision is recognized when:

The Company's San José Reservoir Trust assets are made up of marketable equity and debt securities that are valued using quoted market prices in active markets and as such are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the marketable equity securities is calculated as the quoted market price of the marketable equity security multiplied by the quantity of shares held by the Company.
The Company's impairment loss is valued using valuation techniques to determine the WACC rate. These valuation techniques maximize the use of observable market data where it is available and rely as little as possible on
● An entity ~~specific estimates as such is classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.~~
~~F-162~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~23.~~ ~~Summary of significant differences between accounting principlesfollowed by the Company and U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles~~
The Company's financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards which differs in certain respects from U.S. GAAP. The effects of these differences are reflected in note 24 and are principally related to the items discussed in the following paragraphs:
~~(a)~~ ~~Impairment -~~
Under IFRS, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of an asset whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired. The recoverable amount is the higher of the fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Value in use is thehas a present ~~value of the future cash flows expected to be derived from an asset~~obligation (legal or ~~cash-generating unit.~~
~~In 2017 and 2015, the Company did not recognize any impairment loss. In 2016, the Company recognized an impairment loss related to Yanacocha of US$889 million, see note 10(b).~~
Under US GAAP, the Company used undiscounted cash flows to perform an impairment evaluation. In 2016, the Company recognized an impairment loss related to Yanacocha of US$933 million. No impairment losses were determined for Yanacocha and Conga cash-generating units in 2017 or 2015.
~~For reconciling the net income/loss and net equity from US GAAP to IFRS, the Company eliminates the higher depreciation recorded under US GAAP corresponding to the impaired assets under IFRS.~~
~~(b)~~ ~~Deferred workers’ profit participation~~
~~Under IFRS, the workers’ profit participation is recorded as an employee benefit that is recorded as cost of production or administrative expense, depending of the function of the workers.~~
Under US GAAP, the workers’ profit sharing is treated in a similar way as income tax since both are calculated based on the Company’s taxable income. Therefore, the Company calculates a deferred workers’ profit participation resulting from the taxable and deductible temporary differences.
For reconciling the net income/loss and net equity from US GAAP to IFRS, the Company eliminates the deferred workers’ profit participation and its corresponding valuation allowance recorded in the current year.
~~(c)~~ ~~Stripping activity asset -~~
~~Under IFRS, the stripping costs in the production phase of a surface mine are accounted for according to the accounting principles disclosed in note 2.~~
~~Under U.S. GAAP, the costs of clearing removal (stripping cost of production) incurred during the production stage are recorded as part of the production cost of inventories.~~
~~F-163~~
~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~(d)~~ ~~Reclamation and mine closure –~~
Under IFRS, the liability was measured in accordance with IAS 37 and IFRIC 1. Upward and downward revisions in the amount of undiscounted estimated cash flows are discounted using the current market-based discount rate (this includes changes in the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability), see note 2.4 (j).
~~Under IFRS, the Company has to update the discount rate at the closing date, this change in the discount rate has an impact (increase/decrease) in the asset retirement cost and reclamation liability.~~
Under US GAAP, upward revisions in the amount of undiscounted estimated cash flows are discounted using the current credit-adjusted risk-free rate. Downward revisions in the amount of undiscounted estimated cash flows are discounted using the credit-adjusted risk-free rate that existed when the original liability was recognized.
~~Under US GAAP, there are no requirements of update the discount rate.~~
~~(e)~~ ~~Inventories -~~
~~Under IFRS, the cost of inventory mainly includes less depreciation~~constructive) as a result of a past event.
● It is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the ~~reduced base~~obligation.
● A reliable estimate of ~~property, plant and equipment due to~~ the ~~impairment recorded in prior years.~~obligation can be made.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
For the purposes of IAS 37, “probable” is defined as more likely than not and refers to a probability of greater than 50%.
Under US GAAP, a loss contingency is recognized if both of the following conditions are met: It is probable (likely to occur) that an asset had been impaired or a liability has been incurred. The amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. The meaning of “probable” under ASC 450 is “the future event or events are likely to occur” (generally interpreted as between 70%-80%).

~~Under US GAAP, the cost of inventory is affected by a different depreciation since the impairment recognized under US GAAP is different than the one recognized under US GAAP.~~
(f) Debt instruments -
Under IFRS, the shares held by Sumitomo (see note 13) meet the definition of a compound instrument according to IAS 32. As a result, it is classified as a liability (with a portion recorded to equity) until the option expires, in which case it will be required to be classified it as equity. There is no gain or loss on conversion at maturity. In the case the option is executed, both the liability and the equity would be reversed with a credit to cash.

~~(f)~~ ~~Deferred income tax~~
Under USGAAP, the shares held by Sumitomo are classified as temporary equity – contingently redeemable non-controlling interest (“CRNCI”) according ASC 480-10-S99-3A; as a long as the option is not expired or it is exercised the CRNCI is recorded at fair value of inception which was determined to be equal to the purchase price.
(g) Subsequent events -
Under IFRS, the settlement after the reporting period of a court case that confirms that the entity had a present obligation at the end of the reporting period is an adjusting event after the reporting period.
During 2019, the Company recognized a liability in tax payable, interest and fines for US$ 29 million related to a court case in accordance with IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets, including the amount of the income tax to pay and the additional penalties and interests. See Note 21.
Under USGAAP, a change in facts after the reporting date but before the financial statements are issued or are available in relation to a tax position which is effectively settled through litigat ion shall be recognized in the period in which the change in facts occurs, therefore the Company recognized the tax claim in the first quarter of 2020.
(h) Deferred income tax -
The differences between US GAAP and IFRS are re-measurements that lead to different temporary differences. The Company has to account for such differences.
As the Company does not recognize deferred income tax assets, there is no differences to reconcile.
(i) Deferred workers’ profit sharing -
Under IFRS, the worker’s profit sharing is calculated based on the Company’s taxable income and is recorded as an employee benefit (cost of production or administrative expenses, depending on the function of the workers).
Under US GAAP, the workers’ profit sharing is treated in a similar way as income tax since both are calculated based on the Company’s taxable income. Therefore, the Company calculates a deferred workers’ profit sharing resulting from the taxable and deductible and deductible temporary differences. ~~According to the accounting policies in Note 2.4 (l), the Company has to account for such differences.~~
During 2015, the Company recorded a valuation allowance of the deferred income tax asset recorded under IFRS which was higher by US$321.6 million compared to the valuation allowance recorded under US GAAP, mainly as a result of the impairment losses of prior years recorded under IFRS.

~~F-164~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued) ~~(continued)~~

~~24.~~
As the Company does not recognize deferred workers’ profit sharing assets in USGAAP, there is no differences to reconcile.
25. Reconciliation between ~~net income and Partners' Equity determined under IFRS and U.S. GAAP~~
~~The following is a summary of the adjustment to~~ net income ~~for the years ended December 31, 2017~~ and ~~2016~~Partners' Equity determined under IFRS and ~~to partners' equity as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 that would be required if~~ U.S. GAAP ~~had been applied instead of IFRS in the consolidated financial statements:~~
2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Loss under U.S. GAAP (118,127 ) (1,191,319 ) (252,159 )
Items increasing (decreasing) reported net profit:
Impairment loss, note 23(a) and 10(b) - (889,499 ) -
Reversal of depreciation of assets impaired under IFRS, note 23(a) 294,454 101,855 125,943
Reversal of depreciation of assets impaired under USGAAP, note 23(a) (237,906 ) - -
Elimination of impairment loss recorded under U.S. GAAP, note 23(a) - 933,200 -
Elimination of the valuation allowance of the deferred workers’ profit participation, note 23(b) - - 41,909
Stripping activity asset, note 23(c) (6,360 ) 22,156 18,868
Reclamation and mine closure, note 23(d) (90,079 ) 22,278 12,049
Asset retirement costs (35,911 ) (6,210 ) (6,041 )
Inventories, note 23(e) 17,169 (36,076 ) (20,903 )
Deferred workers' profit participation, note 23(b) - - (2,790 )
Valuation allowance of deferred income tax, note 23(f) - - (321,622 )
Deferred income tax of reconciliation items, note 23(f) - - (43,441 )
Recognition of account receivable to tax authority 2,405 - -
Others (1,100 ) (137 ) (2,008 )
Loss under IFRS (175,454 ) (1,043,752 ) (450,195 )
~~F-165~~
The following is a summary of the adjustment to net income for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, and to partners' equity as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 that would be required if U.S. GAAP had been applied instead of IFRS in the consolidated financial statements:
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Income (loss) under U.S. GAAP 3,316 (69,068 ) (131,243 )
Items increasing (decreasing) reported net profit:
Reversal of depreciation of assets impaired under IFRS, note 24(a) 205,653 320,424 294,454
Reversal of depreciation of assets impaired under USGAAP, note 24(a) (204,276 ) (254,006 ) (237,906 )
Stripping activity asset, note 24(b) (7,533 ) (18,227 ) (6,360 )
Reclamation and mine closure, note 24(c) (54,873 ) 20,537 (76,963 )
Asset retirement costs, note 24(c) (14,504 ) (89,280 ) (35,911 )
Inventories, note 24(d) 7,740 10,217 17,169
Contingencies, note 24(e) (1,228 ) -
Debt instrument interest, note 24(f) (1,497 ) (735 ) -
Recognition of account receivable to tax authority - - 2,405
Interest regarding tax claim, note 24(g) (16,839 ) - -
Income tax payable, including fines, note 24(g) (12,168 ) - -
Others (276 ) (151 ) (1,099 )
(98,573 ) (12,449 ) (44,211 )
Loss under IFRS (95,257 ) (81,517 ) (175,454 )

Contingencies, note 24(e) (1,228 ) (1228 ) -
Income tax payable contingency, including fines note 24(g) (12,168 ) - -
Interest regarding tax claim, note 24(g) (16,939 ) - -
Others (3,072 ) (2,776 ) (2,624 )
(1,176,679 ) (1,078,077 ) (1,023,932 )
Partners' equity under IFRS 489,712 583,723 659,115

~~Notes to the consolidated financial statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
2017 2016
US$(000) US$(000)

Partners' equity under U.S. GAAP 1,759,039 1,928,321
Items increasing (decreasing) reported Partners' equity:
Impairment loss, note 23(a) (2,469,188 ) (2,469,188 )
Elimination of impairment loss recorded under U.S. GAAP, note 23(a) 933,200 933,200
Reversal of depreciation of assets impaired under U.S. GAAP note 23(a) (237,906 ) -
Reversal of depreciation of assets impaired under IFRS, note 23(a) 674,260 379,806
Stripping activity asset, note 23(c) 34,709 41,069
Asset retirement cost 116,458 152,369
Reclamation and mine closure, note 23(d) (135,004 ) (44,925 )
Inventories, note 23(e) (13,120 ) (30,289 )
Others (3,333 ) (4,639 )
Partners' equity under IFRS 659,115 885,724
~~25.~~ ~~New U.S. GAAP Accounting Pronouncements~~
~~Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements -~~
~~Statements of Cash Flows –~~
In August 2016, ASU No. 2016-15 was issued related to the statement of cash flows. This new guidance addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. This update is effective in fiscal years, including interim periods, beginning after December 15, 2017 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance and the corresponding impact.
~~Leases –~~
In February 2016, ASU No. 2016-02 was issued related to leases. This new guidance modifies the classification criteria and requires leases to recognize the assets and liabilities arising from most leases on the balance sheet. This update is effective in fiscal years, including interim periods, beginning after December 15, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance and the corresponding impact.
~~Revenue recognition –~~
In May 2014, ASU No. 2014-09 was issued related to revenue from contracts with customers. This ASU was further amended in August 2015, March 2016, April 2016, May 2016 and December 2016 by ASU No. 2016-08, No. 2016-10, No. 2016-12 and No. 2016-20, respectively. The new standard provides a five-step approach to be applied to all contracts with customers and also requires expanded disclosures about revenue recognition. In August 2015, the effective date was deferred to reporting periods, including interim periods, beginning after December 15, 2017 and will be applied retrospectively. Early adoption is not permitted. The adoption of this accounting pronouncement is consistent with the adoption of IFRS 15, see in note 4 the status of the adoption.

~~F-166~~

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

2019 2018 2017(i)
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Partners' equity under U.S. GAAP 1,666,362 1,661,800 1,683,047
Items increasing (decreasing) reported Partners' equity:
Impairment loss for IFRS, note 24(a) (2,469,188 ) (2,469,188 ) (2,469,188 )
Reversal of depreciation of assets impaired under IFRS, note 24(a) 1,200,337 994,684 674,260
Elimination of impairment loss recorded under U.S. GAAP, note 24(a) 933,200 933,200 933,200
Reversal of depreciation of assets impaired under U.S. GAAP note 24(a) (696,188 ) (491,912 ) (237,906 )
Stripping activity asset, note 24(b) 3,729 15,773 34,000
Asset retirement cost, note 24(c) 59,160 1,026 84,671
Reclamation and mine closure, note 24(c) (139,834 ) (12,323 ) (27,225 )
Inventories, note 24(d) 4,837 (2,903 ) (13,120 )
Debt instruments, note 24(f) (43,927 ) (42,430 ) -
Contingencies, note 24(e) (1,228 ) (1,228 ) -
Income tax payable contingency, including fines note 24(g) (12,168 ) - -
Interest regarding tax claim, note 24(g) (16,839 ) - -
Others 1,459 (2,776 ) (2,624 )
(1,176,650 ) (1,078,077 ) (1,023,932 )
Partners' equity under IFRS 489,712 583,723 659,115

Contingencies, note 24(e) (1,228 ) (1,228 ) -
Income tax payable contingency, including fines note 24(g) (12,168 ) - -
Interest regarding tax claim, note 24(g) (16,839 ) - -
Others (3,072 ) (2,776 ) (2,624 )
(1,176,679 ) (1,078,077 ) (1,023,932 )
Partners' equity under IFRS 489,712 583,723 659,115

~~Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A.~~
26. New USGAAP Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements -
Leases –
In February 2016, Accounting Standard Update - “ASU” No. 2016-02 was issued related to leases. This new guidance modifies the classification criteria and requires leases to recognize the assets and liabilities arising from most leases on the balance sheet. This update is effective in fiscal years, including interim periods, beginning after December 15, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this standard on 1 January 2019, no differences were noted to IFRS.
In June 2016, Financial Accounting Standards Board- “FASB” issued an ASU that changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments, and will also require expanded disclosures. Under the expected credit loss (CECL) model, entities will be required to recognize an estimate of credit losses expected to occur over the remaining life of the financial assets, including estimating future economic conditions and the effect those conditions have on expected credit losses.
In August 2018, FASB issued an ASU that aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with those for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal use software. For public entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. This ASU must be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on its financial statements.
In August 2018, FASB issued an ASU makes minor changes to the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension and/or other postretirement benefit plans. For public entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. This ASU must be applied on a retrospective basis to all periods presented. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on its financial statements.
In December 2019, FASB issued an ASU that simplifies the accounting for income taxes by eliminating certain exceptions related to the approach for intra-period tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. For public entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted, including adoption in an interim period. This ASU must be applied on a retrospective basis to all periods presented. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on its financial statements.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

27. Subsequent Event
In early February 2020, the Peru Supreme Court issued its conclusion, whereby the Company received notification of an unfavorable result in the Tax Dispute related to the amortization of contractual rights, see note 21Tax Contingencies, “Tax Dispute related to the amortization of contractual rights” for which it recorded a liability in tax payable for US$8 million and in addition recorded interest and fines for US$16.8 and US$4 million; respectively, in the consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2019, see notes 15(f) and note 20.
Subsequent to December 31, 2019, the COVID-19 outbreak has had a material impact on the global economy, the scale and duration of which remain uncertain. Depending on the length of time and extent of the impact which could include potential mine closures, gold price volatility or supply chain disruption, this could materially impact the Company results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A.
Financial Statements for the years 2019, 2018 and 2017 ~~2016 and 2015~~
together with the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

~~F-167~~

Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A.

Financial Statements for the years 2019, 2018 and 2017 ~~2016 and 2015~~
together with the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Content
~~Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm~~ ~~F-169~~
~~Financial Statements~~
~~Statement of financial position~~ ~~F-171~~
~~Statements of comprehensive income~~ ~~F-172~~
~~Statements of changes in equity~~ ~~F-173~~
~~Statements of cash flows~~ ~~F-174~~
~~Notes to the financial statements~~ ~~F-176~~

~~F-168~~
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
~~To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A.~~
~~Opinion on the~~
F-203
Financial Statements
~~We have audited the accompanying statements~~
Statement of financial position ~~of Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A., (the Company) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the related statements~~ F-205
Statements of comprehensive income F-206
Statements of changes in equity ~~and~~ F-207
Statements of cash flows ~~for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, and the related notes (collectively referred~~ F-208
Notes to ~~as the “financial statements”). In our opinion,~~ the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, F-210

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying statement of financial position of Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A., (the Company) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, which differ in certain respects from the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (see notes 24 and 25 to the financial statements).

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

~~F-169~~

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm(continued)
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
~~Paredes, Burga & Asociados S. Civil de R.L.~~
~~A member practice of Ernst & Young Global Limited~~

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Paredes, Burga & Asociados S. Civil de R.L.
A member practice of Ernst & Young Global Limited
/s/ Katherine Villanueva
We have served as the Company’s auditor since ~~2007~~
2007.
Lima, Peru
April ~~27, 2018~~
9, 2020
~~F-170~~
~~Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A.~~
~~Statement of financial position~~
~~As of December 31, 2017 and 2016~~
Note 2017 2016
US$(000) US$(000)
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents 2(d), 3 600,027 29,951
Trade accounts receivable, net 2,735 1,162
Other accounts receivable, net 2(d), 5 76,866 70,043
Trade accounts receivable - Related parties 2(d), 4 411,797 375,306
Inventories, net 2(f), 6 445,626 425,566
Prepayments 5,741 5,473
Other non-financial assets 7 21,082 311,007

Total current assets 1,563,874 1,218,508

Non - current assets
Property, plant and equipment, net 2(g), 8 5,678,424 5,807,740
Inventories 2(f),6 248,452 300,614
Intangible assets 2(h) 11,243 12,198
Prepayments - 39
Other non-financial assets 7 189,014 296,524

Total non-current assets 6,127,133 6,417,115

Total assets 7,691,007 7,635,623

Liabilities and equity, net
Current liabilities
Trade accounts payable 2(e), 9 194,958 168,357
Income tax payable 170,169 21,863
Provision related to benefits to employees 80,745 48,039
Other accounts payable 2(e),10 40,182 3,619
Accounts payable - Related parties 2(e), 4 5,534 27,134
Other provisions 2(j), 12 19,202 24,458
Other financial liabilities 2(e), 11 - 161

Total current liabilities 510,790 293,631

Non - current liabilities
Other financial liabilities 2(e), 11 1,268,488 1,995,843
Accounts payable - Related parties 2(e), 4 8,147 7,132
Provision related to benefits to employees 29,158 -
Other provisions 2(j), 12 347,087 164,622
Deferred income tax liability, net 2(l),14(g) 166,005 335,114
Current income tax liabilities 14 172,170 -

Total non-current liabilities 1,991,055 2,502,711

Total liabilities 2,501,845 2,796,342

Shareholders’ equity 13
Capital stock 990,659 990,659
Other capital reserves 198,132 198,132
Retained earnings 4,000,371 3,650,490

Total shareholders’ equity 5,189,162 4,839,281

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity 7,691,007 7,635,623
~~The accompanying notes are an integral part of this financial statement.~~
~~F-171~~
~~Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A.~~
~~Statements of comprehensive income~~
~~For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015~~
Note 2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Sales of goods 15 3,202,931 2,384,154 1,115,617
Cost of sales 16 (1,768,238 ) (1,553,040 ) (862,004 )
Gross Margin 1,434,693 831,114 253,613

Operating expenses
Selling expenses 17 (141,669 ) (131,391 ) (56,215 )
Other operating expenses 18 (258,826 ) (24,107 ) (26,739 )
Other operating income 139
(400,495 ) (155,498 ) (82,815 )
Operating Profit 1,034,198 675,616 170,798

Other income (expenses)
Financial income 5,350 954 512
Financial expenses 19 (216,912 ) (80,438 ) (16,010 )
Exchange differences, net 13,288 7,857 (75,770 )
(198,274 ) (71,627 ) (91,268 )

Profit before income tax 835,924 603,989 79,530

Income tax expense 14(g) (486,043 ) (263,082 ) (46,246 )

Net Profit for the year 349,881 340,907 33,284

Basic and diluted profit per share 20 1.000 0.974 0.095
~~The accompanying notes are an integral part of this financial statement.~~
~~F-172~~
~~Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A.~~
~~Statements of changes in equity~~
~~For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015~~
Note Capital
stock Other capital
reserves Retained
earnings Total
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Balance as of January 1, 2015 13 990,659 198,132 3,276,299 4,465,090

Net profit for the year 33,284 33,284

Balance as of December 31, 2015 13 990,659 198,132 3,309,583 4,498,374

Net profit for the year - - 340,907 340,907

Balance as of December 31, 2016 13 990,659 198,132 3,650,490 4,839,281

Net profit for the year - - 349,881 349,881

Balance as of December 31, 2017 13 990,659 198,132 4,000,371 5,189,162
~~The accompanying notes are an integral part of this financial statement.~~
~~F-173~~
~~Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A.~~
~~Statements of cash flows~~
~~For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015~~
Note 2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Operating activities
Net profit for the year 349,881 340,907 33,284
Adjustments to reconcile net profit for the year with the cash provided from operating activities for:
Income tax expense 14(g) 486,043 263,082 46,246
Nonmonetary adjustments
Depreciation and amortization 16 456,467 472,997 244,477
Accretion on remediation and mine closure provision 12(b) 4,595 4,391 3,985
Net loss on sale of property, plant and equipment 185 982 661
Mining royalty dispute 295,773 -
Net changes in assets and liabilities
Trade accounts receivable (37,636 ) (161,335 ) (23,165 )
Other accounts receivable (7,062 ) 2,008 54
Inventories 32,101 (11,341 ) (194,582 )
Other non-financial assets 226,969 113,355 (239,595 )
Trade accounts payable (13,663 ) 16,229 75,430
Other accounts payable 49,915 70,939 31,360
Provisions related to benefits to employees 33,258 27,503 (23,876 )
Other provisions 70,648 (60,863 ) 8,535
Interest paid (not included in the financing activities) (50,510 ) (64,325 ) (36,233 )
Income tax (282,273 ) (68,557 ) (121,027 )
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities 1,614,691 945,972 (194,446 )
~~F-174~~
~~Statements of cash flows(continued)~~
Note 2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Investing activities
Sales of property, plant and equipment 37 235 409
Purchase of property, plant and equipment 8 (152,769 ) (421,610 ) (1,663,738 )
Stripping activity asset 8 (153,623 ) (61,261 ) (111,819 )
Purchase of intangibles - - (9,509 )
Other cash payments related to investing activities - 3,832 -

Net cash and cash equivalents used in investing activities (306,355 ) (478,804 ) (1,784,657 )

Financing activities
Proceeds from loans 11(b) 233,333 350,000 1,896,000
Proceeds from shareholders loans - - 600,000
Payments of loans 11(b) (353,333 ) (793,000 ) (528,000 )
Payments of shareholders loans 11(b) (606,014 ) - -
Debt issuance costs 11(b) (12,085 ) - (2,356 )
Amortization of leasings (161 ) (169 ) (163 )

Net cash and cash equivalents used in financing activities (738,260 ) (443,169 ) 1,965,481

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 570,076 23,999 (13,622 )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 29,951 5,952 19,574

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year 600,027 29,951 5,952

Transactions with no effects in cash flows :
Provision for remediation and mine closure 12(b) 3,710 16,091 33,803
~~The accompanying notes are an integral part of this financial statement.~~
~~F-175~~
~~Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A.~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements~~
~~As of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015~~
1. ~~Identification and business activity~~

~~(a)~~ ~~Identification -~~

Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A.
Statement of financial position
As of December 31, 2019 and 2018
Note 2019 2018
US$(000) US$(000)
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents 2(d),3 481,491 501,182
Trade accounts receivable, net 1,887 1,715
Other accounts receivable, net 2(d) 6,529 5,765
Trade accounts receivable - Related parties 2(d),4,22 453,070 413,351
Other non-financial assets 6 105,680 57,575
Inventories, net 2(f),5 552,197 457,074
Prepayments 14,074 18,418
Total current assets 1,614,928 1,455,080
Non - current assets
Property, plant and equipment, net 2(g),7 5,690,851 5,602,902
Inventories 2(f),5 255,123 286,375
Intangible assets, net 2(h) 9,337 10,289
Other non-financial assets 6 239,185 200,066
Total non-current assets 6,194,496 6,099,632
Total assets 7,809,424 7,554,712
Liabilities and equity, net
Current liabilities
Other financial liabilities 2(e),10 8,855 -
Trade accounts payable 2(e),8 224,920 231,136
Income tax payable 13(b) 13,505 12,424
Provision related to benefits to employees 2(m) 34,249 42,569
Other accounts payable 2(e),9 99,380 101,254
Accounts payable - Related parties 2(e),4 4,014 6,014
Other provisions 2(j),11 35,863 15,357
Total current liabilities 420,786 408,754
Non - current liabilities
Other financial liabilities 2(e),10 902,820 1,022,810
Accounts payable - Related parties 2(e),4 10,074 8,860
Other accounts payable 2(e),9 362,464 215,070
Provision related to benefits to employees 2(m) 32,509 32,509
Other provisions 2(j),11 278,419 342,331
Deferred income tax liability, net 2(l),13(g) 369,789 228,248
Income tax liabilities 13(b) 83,314 187,258
Total non-current liabilities 2,039,389 2,037,086
Total liabilities 2,460,175 2,445,840
Shareholders’ equity
Capital stock 12 990,659 990,659
Other capital reserves 12 198,132 198,132
Retained earnings 4,160,458 3,920,081
Total shareholders’ equity 5,349,249 5,108,872

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity 7,809,424 7,554,712

Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A.
Statements of comprehensive income
For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
Note 2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Sales 14 2,890,066 3,054,026 3,202,931
Cost of sales 15 (1,954,749 ) (2,010,972 ) (1,768,238 )
Gross Margin 935,317 1,043,054 1,434,693

Operating expenses
Selling expenses 16 (109,483 ) (137,008 ) (141,669 )
Other operating expenses 17 (38,116 ) (68,683 ) (258,826 )
Other operating income 680 - -
(146,919 ) (205,691 ) (400,495 )
Operating Profit 788,398 837,363 1,034,198

Financial income 19 10,356 28,089 5,350
Financial expenses 18 (115,877 ) (426,733 ) (216,912 )
Exchange differences, net 5,574 6,161 13,288
(99,947 ) (392,483 ) (198,274 )

Profit before income tax 688,451 444,880 835,924

Income tax expense 13(b) (298,074 ) (325,170 ) (486,043 )

Net profit for the year 390,377 119,710 349,881

Basic and diluted profit per share 20 1.115 0.342 1.000

Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A.
Statements of changes in equity
For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
Note Capital
stock Other capital
reserves Retained
earnings Total
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Balance as of January 1, 2017 990,659 198,132 3,650,490 4,839,281

Net profit for the year - - 349,881 349,881

Balance as of December 31, 2017 12 990,659 198,132 4,000,371 5,189,162

Cash dividends declared - - (200,000 ) (200,000 )
Net profit for the year - - 119,710 119,710

Balance as of December 31, 2018 12 990,659 198,132 3,920,081 5,108,872

Cash dividends declared - - (150,000 ) (150,000 )
Net profit for the year - - 390,377 390,377

Balance as of December 31, 2019 12 990,659 198,132 4,160,458 5,349,249

Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A.
Statements of cash flows
For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
Note 2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Operating activities
Net profit for the year 20 390,377 119,710 349,881
Adjustments to reconcile net profit for the year with the cash provided from operating activities for:
Income tax expense 13 317,205 366,998 486,043
Nonmonetary adjustments
Depreciation and amortization 15 535,000 512,298 456,467
Accretion on remediation and mine closure provision 11 4,048 4,322 4,595
Net loss on sale of property, plant and equipment 279 964 185
Mining royalty dispute - charges 13 66,122 379,282 348,560
Mining royalty dispute - payments (186,953 ) (56,186 ) (52,787 )
Net changes in assets and liabilities
Trade accounts receivable (39,300 ) 67,475 (38,922 )
Other accounts receivable 3,535 1,954 (5,776 )
Inventories 5 (63,871 ) (49,371 ) 32,101
Other non-financial assets (38,741 ) (76,186 ) 226,969
Trade accounts payable 4,503 29,419 (13,663 )
Other accounts payable 37,150 48,130 49,915
Provisions related to benefits to employees (8,276 ) (50,440 ) 33,258
Other provisions 52,559 (11,561 ) 70,648
Interest paid (not included in the financing activities) (37,226 ) (47,442 ) (50,510 )
Income tax (216,369 ) (430,810 ) (282,273 )
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities 820,042 808,556 1,614,691

Statements of cash flows (continued)
Note 2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Investing activities
Sales of property, plant and equipment 1,243 109 37
Purchases of property, plant and equipment 7,8 (283,459 ) (280,183 ) (152,769 )
Stripping activity asset (197,038 ) (177,327 ) (153,623 )
Net cash and cash equivalents used in investing activities (479,254 ) (457,401 ) (306,355 )

Financing activities
Payments of loans 10(b) (200,000 ) (250,000 ) (353,333 )
Dividends 12(c) (150,000 ) (200,000 ) -
Payments of leasing 10(a) (10,479 ) - (161 )
Proceeds from loans - - 233,333
Payments of shareholders loans - - (606,014 )
Debt issuance costs - - (12,085 )
Net cash and cash equivalents used in financing activities (360,479 ) (450,000 ) (738,260 )

Net (decrease) increase  in cash and cash equivalents (19,691 ) (98,845 ) 570,076
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 501,182 600,027 29,951

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year 3 481,491 501,182 600,027

Transactions with no effects in cash flows:
Provision for remediation and mine closure 11(b) 41,130 (32,017 ) (3,710 )

Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A.
Notes to the Financial Statements
As of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
1. Identification and business activity

Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A. (the Company) was incorporated in Peru on August 20, 1993 as a result of the privatization process of certain mining units carried out by the Peruvian State in that year. The Company’s shares were listed on the Lima Stock Exchange on November 14, 2000.
Through its subsidiary Cyprus Climax Metals Company, Freeport Minerals Corporation (FMC), a wholly owned subsidiary of Freeport-McMoRan Inc. (Freeport), owns 53.56% of the voting shares of the Company. SMM Cerro Verde Netherlands B.V. (SMM Cerro Verde), a subsidiary of Sumitomo Metal Mining Company Ltd. (Sumitomo), owns 21%
(a) Identification -
Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A. (the Company) was incorporated in Peru on August 20, 1993, as a result of the privatization process of certain mining units carried out by the Peruvian State in that year. The Company’s shares began being listed on the Lima Stock Exchange on November 14, 2000.
Through its subsidiary Cyprus Climax Metals Company, Freeport Minerals Corporation (FMC), a wholly owned subsidiary of Freeport-McMoRan Inc. (Freeport), owns 53.56% of the voting shares of the Company. SMM Cerro Verde Netherlands B.V. (SMM Cerro Verde), a subsidiary of Sumitomo Metal Mining Company Ltd. (Sumitomo), owns 21.00%, Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. (Buenaventura) owns 19.58%, and other stakeholders own the remaining 5.86%.
The Company’s legal address is Jacinto Ibañez Street N°315 - Parque Industrial, Arequipa in the city of Arequipa and the ore deposit is located 20 miles southwest of that city (Asiento Minero Cerro Verde S/N Uchumayo – Arequipa).

~~The Company’s legal address is Jacinto Ibañez Street N°315~~
(b) Business activity - ~~Parque Industrial, Arequipa in the city~~
The Company’s activities are regulated by the Peruvian General Mining Law and comprise the extraction, production and sale of copper cathodes, copper concentrate and molybdenum concentrate.
Cerro Verde’s operation consists of an open-pit copper mine, with a processing capacity of 548,500 metric ton-per-day that includes (i) concentrator facilities with a 409,500 metric ton-per-day capacity (361,500 metric ton-per-day before the expansion approved by the Ministry of Energy and Mines during 2018), (ii) solution extraction and electrowinning (SX/EW) leaching facilities with leach copper production derived from a 39,000 metric ton-per-day crushed leach facility and (iii) a run-of-mine (ROM) leach system with a capacity of 100,000 metric ton-per-day. This SX/EW leaching operation has a production capacity of approximately 200 million pounds of copper per year. The leaching and flotation process carried out at these plants are part of the benefit concession “Planta de Beneficio Cerro Verde.”
(c) Financial statements approval -
The financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019, were approved by Company’s Management on April 9, 2020 and the subsequent events have been considered through those dates.

Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)
2. Significant accounting principles and policies
The significant accounting policies applied in the preparation of the financial statements are summarized below:
(a) Basis of ~~Arequipa and the ore deposit is located 20 miles southwest of that city (Asiento Minero Cerro Verde S/N Uchumayo – Arequipa)~~presentation -
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). IFRS includes International Accounting Standards (IAS) and pronouncements of the Interpretations Committees (SIC and IFRIC).

~~(b)~~ ~~Business activity -~~
~~The Company’s activities are regulated by the Peruvian General Mining Law~~
The financial statements have been prepared based on historical cost, except for accounts receivable and/or payable related to embedded derivatives, which have been measured at fair value (see Note 2(d)). The financial statements are presented in United States dollars (US$) and include the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and ~~comprise the extraction, production and sale of copper concentrate, copper cathode and molybdenum concentrate.~~
Cerro Verde’s operation consists of an open-pit copper mine, 360,000 metric ton-per-day concentrator facilities and solution extraction and electrowinning (SX/EW) leaching facilities. Leach copper production is derived from a 39,000 metric ton-per-day crushed leach facility and a run-of-mine (ROM) leach system. This SX/EW leaching operation has a production capacity of approximately 200 million pounds of copper per year. The leaching and flotation process carried out at these plants are part of the benefit concession “Planta de Beneficio Cerro Verde.”
~~(c)~~ ~~Financial statements approval -~~
The financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017, were approved at the Board of Directors and Shareholders' Meetings on March 23, 2018. The financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016, were approved at the Board of Directors and Shareholders’ Meetings on March 30, 2017.
~~F-176~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
2. ~~Significant accounting principles and policies~~
~~The significant accounting policies applied in the preparation of the financial statements are summarized below:~~
~~(a)~~ ~~Basis of presentation -~~
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). IFRS includes International Accounting Standards (IAS) and pronouncements of the Interpretations Committees (SIC and IFRIC).
The financial statements have been prepared based on historical cost, except for accounts receivable and/or payable related to embedded derivatives, which have been measured at fair value (see Note 2(d)). The financial statements are presented in United States dollars (US$) and include the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. Unless otherwise indicated, all values have been rounded to the nearest thousand.

(b) Use of ~~judgments, estimates and assumptions -~~
~~The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make~~ judgments, estimates and assumptions in order to determine the amounts of the assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the amounts of reported revenues and expenses for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.-
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions in order to determine the amounts of the assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the amounts of reported revenues and expenses for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.
Information about significant judgments, estimates and assumptions made by Management in the preparation of the financial statements follows:

~~Information about significant judgments, estimates and assumptions made by Management in the preparation of the financial statements follows:~~
(b.1) Judgments -
(i) Contingencies -
By their nature, contingencies will be resolved only when one or more uncertain future events occur or fail to occur. The assessment of the existence and potential amount of contingencies inherently involves the exercise of significant judgment and the use of estimates regarding the outcome of future events.

By their nature, contingencies will be resolved only when one or more uncertain future events occur or fail to occur. The assessment of the existence and potential amount of contingencies inherently involves the exercise of significant judgment and the use of estimates regarding the outcome of future events.
~~(ii)~~ ~~Stripping cost -~~
~~The Company incurs waste removal costs (stripping costs) during the development and production phases of its surface mining operations. During the production phase,~~
(ii) Stripping cost -
The Company incurs waste removal costs (stripping costs) during the development and production phases of its surface mining operations. Production stripping costs ~~(production stripping costs)~~ can be incurred both in relation to the production of inventory in that period and the creation of improved access and mining flexibility in relation to ore to be mined in the future. The former are included as part of the costs of inventory, while the latter are capitalized as a stripping activity asset, as part of the “Property, plant and equipment” caption, where certain criteria are met.

~~F-177~~

Notes to the Financial Statements(continue) ~~(continued)~~

Once the Company has identified its production stripping for its surface mining operation, it identifies the separate components of the ore body. An identifiable component is a specific volume of the ore body that is made more accessible by the stripping activity. Significant judgment is required to identify and define these components, and to determine the expected volumes (e.g., in tons) of waste to be stripped and ore to be mined in each of these components.

(b.2) Estimates and assumptions -

(i) Determination of mineral reserves -
Mineral reserves are the part of a mineral deposit that can be economically and legally extracted from the mine concessions. The Company estimates its mineral reserves based on information compiled by individuals qualified in reference to geological data about the size, depth and form of the ore body, and requires geological judgments in order to interpret the data.

The estimation of recoverable reserves involves numerous uncertainties with respect to the ultimate geology of the ore body, including quantities, grades and recovery rates. Estimating the quantity and grade of mineral reserves requires the Company to determine the size, shape and depth of the ore body by analyzing geological data. In addition to the geology, assumptions are required to determine the economic feasibility of mining the reserves, including estimates of future commodity prices and demand, future requirements of capital and production costs, and estimated exchange rates. Revisions in reserve or resource estimates have an impact on the value of mining properties, property, plant and equipment, provisions for cost of mine closure, recognition of assets for deferred taxes and depreciation and amortization of assets.

(ii) Units of production depreciation -
Estimated mineral reserves are used in determining the depreciation and/or amortization of mine-specific assets. This results in a depreciation/amortization charge proportional to the depletion of the anticipated remaining life-of-mine production. The life of each item, which is assessed at least annually, is impacted by both its physical life limitations and present assessments of economically recoverable reserves of the mine property at which the asset is located. These calculations require the use of estimates and assumptions, including the amount of recoverable reserves.

(iii) Provision ~~for remediation and mine closure~~-
~~The Company assesses its provision~~ for remediation and mine closure quarterly. It is necessary to make estimates and assumptions in determining this provision, including cost estimates of activities that are necessary for the rehabilitation of the site, technological and regulatory changes, interest rates and inflation rates. As discussed in note 2(k)-
The Company assesses its provision for remediation and mine closure quarterly. It is necessary to make estimates and assumptions in determining this provision, including cost estimates of activities that are necessary for the rehabilitation of the site, technological and regulatory changes, interest rates and inflation rates. As discussed in note 2(j), estimated changes in the fair value of the provision for remediation and mine closure or the useful life of the related assets are recognized as an increase or decrease in the book value of the provision and related asset retirement cost (ARC) in accordance with IAS 16, “Property, Plant and Equipment.”

According to the Company’s accounting policies, the provision for remediation and mine closure represents the present value of the costs that are expected to be incurred in the closure period of the operating activities of the Company. Closure budgets are reviewed regularly to take into account any significant change in the studies conducted. Nevertheless, the closure costs of mining units will depend on the market prices for the closure work required, which would reflect future economic conditions. Also, the timing of disbursements depends on the useful life of the mine, which are based on estimates of future commodity prices.

~~F-178~~

Notes to the Financial Statements(continue) ~~(continued)~~

If any change in the estimate results in an increase to the provision for remediation and mine closure and related ARC, the Company shall consider whether or not this is an indicator of impairment of the assets and will apply impairment tests in accordance with IAS 36, “Impairments of Assets.”

(iv) Inventories -
Net realizable value tests are performed at least annually and represent the estimated future sales price of the product based on prevailing spot metals prices, less estimated costs to complete production and bring the inventory to sale. Additionally, in calculating the net realizable value of the Company’s long-term stockpiles, Management also considers the time value of money.

Mill and leach stockpiles generally contain lower grade ores that have been extracted from the ore body and are available for copper recovery. Mill stockpiles contain sulfide ores and recovery of metal is through milling and concentrating. Leach stockpiles contain oxide ores and certain secondary sulfide ores and recovery of metal is through exposure to acidic solutions that dissolve contained copper and deliver it in solution to extraction processing facilities.

Because it is generally impracticable to determine copper contained in mill and leach stockpiles by physical count, reasonable estimation methods are employed. The quantity of material delivered to mill and leach stockpiles is based on surveyed volumes of mined material and daily production records. Sampling and assaying of blast hole cuttings determine the estimated copper grades of material delivered to mill and leach stockpiles.

Expected copper recovery rates for mill stockpiles are determined by metallurgical testing. The recoverable copper in mill stockpiles, once entered into the production process, can be produced into copper concentrate almost immediately.

~~F-179~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)
Expected copper recovery rates for leach stockpiles are determined using small-scale laboratory tests, historical trends and other factors, including mineralogy of the ore and rock type. Total copper recovery in leach stockpiles can vary significantly depending on several variables, including type of copper recovery, mineralogy and the size of the rock. For newly placed material of active stockpiles, as much as 80 percent of total copper recovery may be extracted during the first year, and the remaining copper may be recovered over many years. Processes and recovery rates are monitored continuously, and recovery rate estimates are adjusted periodically as additional information becomes available and as related technology changes.

Expected copper recovery rates for leach stockpiles are determined using small-scale laboratory tests, historical trends and other factors, including mineralogy of the ore and rock type. Total copper recovery in leach stockpiles can vary significantly depending on several variables, including type of copper recovery, mineralogy and the size of the rock. For newly placed material of active stockpiles, as much as 80 percent of total copper recovery may be extracted during the first year, and the remaining copper may be recovered over many years. Processes and recovery rates are monitored continuously, and recovery rate estimates are adjusted periodically as additional information becomes available and as related technology changes.
(v) Asset ~~impairment -~~
~~Management has determined that the Company’s operations consist of one cash generating unit. Therefore, the Company’s operations are evaluated at least annually in order to determine if there are~~ impairment ~~indicators. If any such indication exists, the Company makes an estimate of the recoverable amount, which is the greater~~-
Management has determined that the Company’s operations consist of one cash generating unit. The Company’s operations are evaluated at least annually in order to determine if there are impairment indicators. If any such indication exists, the Company makes an estimate of the recoverable amount, which is the higher of: (i) the fair value less costs of disposal or (ii) the value in use. These assessments require the use of estimates and assumptions, including long-term commodity prices, discount rates, operating costs, and others.

Fair value is defined as the amount that would be obtained from the sale of the asset in an arm’s length transaction between willing and knowledgeable parties. The fair value of assets is generally determined as the current value of future cash flows derived from the continuous use of the asset, which includes estimates, such as the cost of future expansion plans and eventual disposal, while applying assumptions that an independent market participant may take into account. The cash flows are discounted by applying a discount rate that reflects the current market, the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset.

(c) Currency -
The financial statements are presented in United States (US) dollars, which is also the Company’s functional currency.

Foreign currency transactions are those carried out in a currency other than the functional currency. Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency by applying the exchange rate in force on the date the transaction takes place. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are converted using the functional currency spot rate in force at the reporting date.

Gains and losses as a result of the difference in the exchange rate when currency items are liquidated or when converting currency items at exchange rates that are different from those used for their initial recognition are recognized in the statement of comprehensive income of the period.

Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)
The Company uses Peruvian Sol (S/) exchange rates published by the Superintendent of Banks, Insurance and Pension Fund Administrators. The published exchange rates were S/3.311 for US$1 for buying and S/3.317 for US$1 for selling as of December 31, 2019, and S/3.369 for US$1 buying and S/3.379 for US$1 for selling as of December 31, 2018. These rates have been applied to the appropriate asset and liability accounts.
(d) Financial assets –
Initial recognition and measurement -
At initial recognition, financial assets are classified and measured at either amortized cost, or fair value through profit or loss.
The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Company´s business model for managing them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component, the Company initially measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15, “Revenue from Contracts with Costumers.”
The Company’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business model determines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets or both.
Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognized on the trade date.
Cash and cash equivalents -
Cash and cash equivalents are financial assets that may be liquidated immediately, such as bank checking accounts, and other liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.
Accounts Receivables -
The Company’s receivables include current and long-term trade and other accounts receivable. These receivables are stated at their transaction value, net of an allowance for expected credit lose. Trade accounts receivable are generated primarily from the Company’s concentrate and cathode sales, are denominated in US dollars, have current maturities, do not bear interest and have no specific guarantees.
Receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market.
Subsequent measurement -
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in two categories:
- Financial assets at amortized cost (debt instruments).
- Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss.

Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)
Financial assets at amortized cost (debt instruments) -
This category is the most relevant to the Company. The Company measures financial assets at amortized cost if both of the following conditions are met:
- The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to collect contractual cash flows, and
- The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise, on specified dates, to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
Financial assets at amortized cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest rate method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognized in the statements of comprehensive income when the asset is derecognized, modified or impaired.
This category generally applies to trade and other receivables, net.
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss -
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for the purpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interest are classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model.
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statements of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognized in the statements of comprehensive income.
Embedded derivatives -
Copper Sales -
The Company’s copper sales are provisionally priced at the time of shipment. The provisional prices are finalized in a specified future month based on quoted London Metal Exchange (LME) monthly average prices. The Company receives market prices based on prices in the specified future month, which results in price fluctuations recorded through revenues until the date of settlement. The Company records revenues and invoices customers at the time of shipment based on then-current LME prices, which results in an embedded derivative that is required to be separated from the main contract. The Company’s embedded derivatives from sales are measured at fair value (based on LME spot copper prices) and presented as gains/losses on provisionally priced trade receivables.

Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)
Molybdenum Sales -
The Company’s molybdenum sales are also provisionally priced at the time of shipment. The Company records revenues and invoices customers at the time of shipment based on the arithmetic mean of the high and lowMetals Week Dealer Oxide (MWDO) price. The provisional prices are finalized in a future month, according to the period of quotation, which results in price fluctuations recorded through revenues until the date of settlement, which also results in an embedded derivative that is required to be separated from the main contract.
Derecognition -
A financial asset (or, where applicable a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognized when:
- The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or
- The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a pass-through arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset or, (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.
When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent, it has retained the risk and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognize the transferred asset to the extent of the Company´s continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognizes an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.
Impairment of financial assets -
The Company recognizes an allowance for expected credit losses for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. Expected credit losses are based on the difference between the contractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Company expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the original effective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms.
Expected credit losses are recognized in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, expected credit losses are provided for credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12-months (12-month expected credit losses). For those credit exposures for which there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespective of the timing of the default (lifetime expected credit losses).

Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)
For trade receivables and contract assets, the Company applies a simplified approach in calculating expected credit losses. Therefore, the Company does not track changes in credit risk, but instead recognizes a loss allowance based on the financial asset’s lifetime expected credit losses at each reporting date.
The Company considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 180 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Company may also consider a financial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Company is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full before taking into account any credit enhancements held by the Company. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering the contractual cash flows.
(e) Financial liabilities -
All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and in the case of accounts payable and other financial liabilities, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Company´s financial liabilities include loans, trade and other accounts payables and other financial liabilities.
Loans -
Loans are initially recognized at their fair value, net of directly attributable transaction costs. After initial recognition, loans are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method. Gains and losses are recognized in the statements ~~of comprehensive income for the year.~~
~~F-180~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
The Company uses Peruvian Sol (S/) exchange rates published by the Superintendent of Banks, Insurance and Pension Fund Administrator. The published exchange rates were S/3.238 for US$1 for buying and S/3.245 for US$1 for selling as of December 31, 2017, and S/3.352 for US$1 buying and S/3.360 for US$1 for selling as of December 31, 2016. These rates have been applied to the appropriate asset and liability accounts.
~~(d)~~ ~~Financial assets -~~
The Company determines the classification of its financial assets at initial recognition in accordance with IAS 39, “Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement”. Financial assets are recognized initially at fair value plus the direct costs attributable to the transaction. The Company’s financial assets include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and embedded derivatives.
~~Cash and cash equivalents -~~
~~Cash and cash equivalents are financial assets that may be liquidated immediately, such as bank checking accounts, and other liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.~~
~~Accounts Receivables -~~
The Company’s receivables include current and long-term trade and other accounts receivable. These receivables are stated at their transaction value, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Trade accounts receivable are generated primarily from the Company’s concentrate and cathode sales, are denominated in US dollars, have current maturities, do not bear interest and have no specific guarantees.
Receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. After initial measurement, receivables are subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method less any provision for impairment (i.e. allowance for doubtful accounts).
The Company assesses whether, as of the date of the financial statements, there is objective evidence of impairment in the value of the receivable. Any resulting impairment is measured as the difference between the book value of the receivable and the present value of the estimated future cash flows, discounted at an original effective interest rate or one applicable to a similar transaction. The carrying amount of the receivable is reduced by means of an allowance account and recognized in the statements of comprehensive income.
~~Embedded derivatives –~~
~~Copper Sales -~~
The Company’s copper sales are provisionally priced at the time of shipment. The provisional prices are finalized in a specified future month based on quoted London Metal Exchange (LME) monthly average prices. The Company receives market prices based on prices in the specified future month, which results in price fluctuations recorded through revenues until the date of settlement. The Company records revenues and invoices customers at the time of shipment based on then-current LME prices, which results in an embedded derivative that is required to be separated from the main contract. The Company’s embedded derivatives from sales are measured at fair value (based on LME spot copper prices) with subsequent changes recognized in the statements of comprehensive income until the month of settlement.
~~F-181~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~Molybdenum Sales -~~
The Company’s molybdenum sales are also provisionally priced at the time of shipment. The Company records revenues and invoices customers at the time of shipment based on the arithmetic mean of the high and low Metals Week Dealer Oxide (MWDO) price. The provisional prices are finalized in a future month, according to the period of quotation, which results in price fluctuations recorded through revenues until the date of settlement, which also results in an embedded derivative that is required to be separated from the main contract.
~~(e)~~ ~~Financial liabilities -~~
All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and, in the case of accounts payable and other financial liabilities, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Company´s financial liabilities include loans, trade and other payables, other financial liabilities and embedded derivatives.
~~Loans -~~
Loans are initially recognized at their fair value, net of directly attributable transaction costs. After initial recognition, loans are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method. Gains and losses are recognized in the statement of comprehensive income when the liabilities are derecognized as well as through the amortization process.

Amortized cost is calculated taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate. Amortization under the effective interest rate method is included as financial costs in the statements of comprehensive income.

~~(f)~~ ~~Inventories -~~
~~Inventories~~
Derecognition -
A financial liability is derecognized when the associated obligation is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Inventory of materials and supplies, as well as saleable products and in-process inventory are determined using the weighted-average cost method. The cost of finished goods and in-process inventory (i.e., stockpiles) includes labor and benefits, supplies, energy and other costs related to the mining and processing of minerals. Net realizable value is the estimated future sales price based on forward metal prices (for the period they are expected to be processed in), less estimated costs to complete production and bring the inventory to sale. The current portion of work in process is determined based on the amount the Company expects to process in the next twelve months. Inventories that are not expected to be processed in the next twelve months are classified as long-term inventories.
~~No adjustments to inventories were required for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.~~
~~F-182~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~Provision for obsolescence -~~
Obsolescence allowances are established based on an item-by-item analysis by management. Any amount of obsolescence identified is charged to the statements of comprehensive income in the period it is deemed to have occurred.
~~(g)~~ ~~Property, plant and equipment -~~
Property, plant and equipment are valued at historical cost, including costs that are directly attributed to the construction or acquisition of the asset, net of accumulated depreciation, amortization and impairment.
Repairs and/or improvements that increase the economic life of an asset and for which it is probable that there will be future economic benefit to the Company, are recorded as assets. All other maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred.
Land is not depreciated. Depreciation of assets directly related to the useful life of the mine is calculated using the units-of-production (UOP) method based on the mine’s proven and probable copper reserves. Other assets are depreciated using the straight-line method based on the following estimated useful lives:
~~Years~~
~~Buildings and other constructions~~ ~~Between 5 and 35~~
~~Machinery and equipment~~ ~~Between 3 and 25~~
~~Transportation units~~ 7
~~Furniture and fixtures~~ 7
~~Other equipment~~ ~~Between 3 and 25~~
Critical spare parts and other parts which are directly identified with machinery or equipment are included in property, plant and equipment, and the economic life assigned corresponds to the main asset with which they are identified.
An item of property, plant and equipment is retired at the time of its disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or subsequent disposition. Any gain or loss arising at the time of retirement is calculated as the difference between the proceeds from the sale and the book value of the asset and is included in the statements of comprehensive income in the year the asset is retired.
~~The residual value and useful economic lives of the Company’s property, plant and equipment are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each year end.~~
~~F-183~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~Impairment -~~
At each reporting date, the Company evaluates if there is any indication that an asset could be impaired. If such an indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the asset. The recoverable amount of an asset is the greater of its fair value less costs to sell or its value in use and is determined for the assets of the mine as a whole, since there are no assets that generate cash revenues independently.
When the book value of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is reduced to its recoverable amount. When evaluating the value in use, the future estimated cash flows are discounted to their present value using an after-tax discount rate that reflects current market evaluations of the time value of money and the specific risks to the asset.
Losses resulting from the impairment of assets are recognized in the statements of comprehensive income under the categories of expenses consistent with the function of the impaired asset. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The revised valuation cannot exceed the book value that would have been determined, net of depreciation, if an impairment loss for the asset had not been recognized in a previous period. Such a reversal is recognized in the statements of comprehensive income.

~~There was no asset impairment loss for the Company for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.~~
(f) Inventories -
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Inventory of materials and supplies, as well as saleable products and in-process inventory are determined using the weighted-average cost method. The cost of finished goods and in-process inventory (i.e., stockpiles) includes labor and benefits, supplies, energy and other costs related to the mining and processing of minerals. Net realizable value is determined based on the estimated future sales price using on forward metal prices (for the period they are expected to be processed in), less estimated costs to complete production and bring the inventory to sale. The current portion of work-in-process is determined based on the amount the Company expects to process in the next twelve months. Inventories that are not expected to be processed in the next twelve months are classified as long-term inventories.

~~(h)~~ ~~Intangible Assets -~~
Intangible assets are recorded at cost less accumulated amortization. After the initial recognition, the intangible assets are recorded at its cost less accumulated amortization and any accumulated loss for impairment of use, if applicable.
~~(i)~~ ~~Exploration, development and stripping costs -~~
~~Exploration costs -~~
Mineral exploration costs, as well as drilling and other costs incurred for the purpose of converting mineral resources to proven and probable reserves, or identifying new mineral resources at development or production stage properties, are charged to the statements of comprehensive income as incurred.
~~Development costs -~~
Development costs are capitalized when the economic and technological feasibility of the project is confirmed, which is generally when the development or project has reached a milestone in accordance with a model established by management.
No adjustments to inventories were required for the years ended December 31,2019, 2018 and 2017.

~~F-184~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)
Provision for obsolescence -
Obsolescence allowances are established based on an item-by-item analysis by management. Any amount of obsolescence identified is charged to the statements of comprehensive income in the period it is deemed to have occurred.

~~Stripping cost -~~
~~In accordance with IFRIC 20, “Stripping Cost in the Production Phase of a Surface Mine,” stripping costs incurred in the production phase are capitalized as a component of property,~~
(g) Property, plant and equipment (see Note 8) if the stripping activity improves access to the ore body or enhances an existing asset. The stripping activity asset is subsequently amortized using the UOP method over the component of the ore body benefited.-
Property, plant and equipment are valued at historical cost, including costs that are directly attributed to the construction or acquisition of the asset, net of accumulated depreciation, amortization and impairment.

~~(j)~~ ~~Provisions -~~
The initial cost of an asset comprises its purchase price or construction cost, any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset into operation, the initial estimate of the obligation for mine closing and borrowing costs for qualifying assets.
Repairs and/or improvements that increase the economic life of an asset and for which it is probable that there will be future economic benefit to the Company, are recorded as assets. All other maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred.
Land is not depreciated. Depreciation of assets directly related to the useful life of the mine is calculated using the units-of-production (UOP) method based on the mine’s proven and probable copper reserves. Other assets are depreciated using the straight-line method based on the following estimated useful lives:
Years
~~General -~~
~~A provision~~
Buildings and other constructions Between 5 and 35
Machinery and equipment Between 2 and 30
Transportation units Between 5 and 7
Furniture and fixtures Between 7 and 10
Other equipment Between 3 and 25
Critical spare parts and other parts which are directly identified with machinery or equipment are included in property, plant and equipment, and the economic life assigned corresponds to the main asset with which they are identified.
An item of property, plant and equipment is retired at the time of its disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or subsequent disposition. Any gain or loss arising at the time of retirement is calculated as the difference between the proceeds from the sale and the book value of the asset and is included in the statements of comprehensive income in the period the asset is retired.
The residual value and useful economic lives of the Company’s property, plant and equipment are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each year end.
Impairment -
At each reporting date, the Company evaluates if there is any indication that an asset could be impaired. If such an indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the asset. The recoverable amount of an asset is the greater of (i) its fair value less costs to sell or (ii) its value in use and is determined for the assets of the mine as a whole, since there are no assets that generate cash revenues independently.

Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)
When the book value of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is reduced to its recoverable amount. When evaluating the value in use, the future estimated cash flows are discounted to their present value using an after-tax discount rate that reflects current market evaluations of the time value of money and the specific risks to the asset.
Losses resulting from the impairment of assets are recognized in the statements of comprehensive income under the categories of expenses consistent with the function of the impaired asset. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The revised valuation cannot exceed the book value that would have been determined, net of depreciation, if an impairment loss for the asset had not been recognized in a previous period. Such a reversal is recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that resources of the Company will be required to settle the obligation, and an estimate of the amount of the obligation can be calculated. The expense relating to any provision is presented in the statements of comprehensive income, net of any reimbursement, in the period the provision is established.
If the effect of the time value of money is significant, provisions are discounted by applying a discount rate that reflects, where applicable, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a financial expense in the statements of comprehensive income.
~~Mine closure provision -~~
The Company records a mine closure provision when a contractually or legally enforceable obligation arises. The Company estimates the present value of its future obligation for mine closure and increases the carrying amount of the related asset retirement cost (ARC), which is included in property, plant and equipment in the consolidated statements of financial position. Subsequently, the mine closure provision is accreted to full value over time and recognized as an interest cost considered in the initial fair value estimate. The related ARC is depreciated using the UOP method over the life of the mine.
The Company evaluates its mine closure provision on a quarterly basis and makes adjustments to estimates and assumptions, including scope, future costs and discount rates, as applicable. Changes in the fair value of the mine closure provision or the useful life of the related asset are recognized as an increase or decrease in the book value of the provision and the related ARC in accordance with IAS 16, “Property, Plant and Equipment.” Any decrease in the mine closure provision and related ARC cannot exceed the current book value of the asset; amounts over the current book value will be recorded in the statements of comprehensive income.

~~(k)~~ ~~Revenue recognition -~~
The Company did not identify any indicators of impairment for the years ended December 31, 2019, and 2018.

~~The Company primarily sells copper concentrate~~
(h) Intangible Assets -
Intangible assets are recorded at cost less accumulated amortization. After the initial recognition, the intangible assets are recorded at its cost less accumulated amortization and any accumulated loss for impairment of use, if applicable.
(i) Exploration, development and copper cathode in accordance with sales contracts entered into with its customers. Revenues comprise the fair value of the sale of goods, net of related general sales taxes. The Company recognizes revenue when the amount can be reliably measured, it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the Company and all significant risks (including title and insurance risk) and rewards of ownership have transferred to the customer. stripping costs -
Exploration costs -
Mineral exploration costs, as well as drilling and other costs incurred for the purpose of converting mineral resources to proven and probable reserves, or identifying new mineral resources at development or production stage properties, are charged to the statements of comprehensive income as incurred.
Development costs -
Development costs are capitalized when the economic and technological feasibility of the project is confirmed, which is generally when the development or project has reached a milestone in accordance with a model established by management.
F-221
Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)
Stripping cost -
In accordance with IFRIC 20, “Stripping Cost in the Production Phase of a Surface Mine,” stripping costs incurred in the production phase are capitalized as a component of property, plant and equipment (see Note 7) if the stripping activity improves access to the ore body or enhances an existing asset. The stripping activity asset is subsequently amortized using the UOP method over the component of the ore body benefitted.
(j) Provisions -
General -
A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that resources of the Company will be required to settle the obligation, and an estimate of the amount of the obligation can be calculated. The expense relating to any provision is presented in the statements of comprehensive income, net of any reimbursement, in the period the provision is established.
If the effect of the time value of money is significant, provisions are discounted by applying a discount rate that reflects, where applicable, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a financial expense in the statements of comprehensive income.
Mine closure provision -
The Company records a mine closure provision when a contractually or legally enforceable obligation arises. The Company estimates the present value of its future obligation for mine closure and increases the carrying amount of the related asset retirement cost (ARC), which is included in property, plant and equipment in the statements of financial position. Subsequently, the mine closure provision is accreted to full value over time and recognized as an interest cost considered in the initial fair value estimate. The related ARC is depreciated using the UOP method over the life of the mine.
The Company evaluates its mine closure provision on a quarterly basis and makes adjustments to estimates and assumptions, including scope, future costs and discount rates, as applicable. Changes in the fair value of the mine closure provision or the useful life of the related asset are recognized as an increase or decrease in the book value of the provision and the related ARC in accordance with IAS 16, “Property, Plant and Equipment.” Any decrease in the mine closure provision and related ARC cannot exceed the current book value of the asset; amounts over the current book value will be recorded in the statements of comprehensive income.
(k) Revenue ~~is not considered reliably measured until all contingencies relating to the sale have been resolved.~~recognition -
The Company primarily sells copper concentrate and copper cathode in accordance with sales contracts entered into with its customers. Revenues from contracts with customers comprise the fair value of the sale of goods, net of related general sales taxes. Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized when control of goods or services are transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods. As such, the Company is the principal in its revenue contracts.
The Company considers whether there are other promises in the contract that are separate performance obligations to which a portion of the transaction price needs to be allocated. The Company consider that the only performance obligation is the delivery of the goods. In determining the transaction price for the sale of copper concentrates and copper cathode, the Company considers the effect of variable consideration and the existence of significant financing components.

~~F-185~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements~~ ~~(continued)~~
~~Sales of copper concentrate and copper cathode -~~
Local sales of copper cathode are recognized when the Company has delivered the goods to the shipping company designated by the customer. Revenue associated with foreign sales of copper concentrate and copper cathode is recognized when all significant risks and rewards of ownership have transferred to the customer, which is typically when the inventory has passed over the vessel’s rail at the port of loading.
As described in Note (d), the Company’s copper sales are provisionally priced at the time of shipment. The provisional prices are finalized in a specified future month in accordance with the terms specified in the related sales contract and based on quoted LME monthly average prices. The Company receives market prices in the specified future month, and these sales result in changes recorded to revenues until the specified future month. The Company records revenues and invoices customers at the time of shipment based on then-current LME prices, which results in an embedded derivative that is bifurcated from the host contract.
The Company’s revenues are subject to OSINERGMIN (Organismo Supervisor de la Inversión en Energía y minería) and OEFA (Organismo de evaluación y fiscalización ambiental) royalties. The calculation for the OSINERGMIN contribution is 0.15% of invoiced sales for the year 2017 (0.16% for the year 2016 and 0.19% for the year 2015), and the calculation for the OEFA contribution is 0.11% of invoiced sales for the year 2017 (0.13% for the year 2016 and 0.15% for the year 2015). Those royalties are presented as a reduction of revenues (see Note 15)
Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)
Variable consideration -
If the consideration in the contract includes a variable amount, the Company estimates the amount of consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for transferring the goods to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable that a significant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Sales of concentrates and metals at provisional prices include a gain (loss) to be received at the end of the quotation period.
Revenue is recognized at the amount the entity expects to be entitled – being the estimate of the price expected to be received at the end of the quotation period using the most recently determined estimate of metal in concentrate (based on initial assay results) and the estimated forward price.
The requirements in IFRS 15 on constraint estimates of variable consideration are also applied to determine the amount of variable consideration that can be included in the transaction price.
Significant financing components -
The Company receives short-term advances from its customers. Using the practical expedient in IFRS 15, the Company does not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component if it expects, at contract inception, that the period between the transfer of the promised good to the customer and when customer pays for that good will be one year or less.
The Company’s revenues are subject to OSINERGMIN (Organismo Supervisor de la Inversión en Energía y Minería) and OEFA (Organismo de Evaluación y Fiscalización Ambiental) royalties. The calculation for the OSINERGMIN royalty contribution is 0.13% of invoiced sales for the year 2019 (0.14% for the year 2018 and 0.15% for the year 2017), and the calculation for the OEFA contribution is 0.11% of invoiced sales for the year 2019 (0.11% for the year 2018 and 0.11% for the year 2017). Such royalties contributions are presented as a reduction of revenues (see Note 14).

~~(l)~~ ~~Income taxes, deferred taxes and other taxes -~~
~~Income taxes~~-
Income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amounts expected to be paid to or recovered from the tax authorities. The tax rates and tax laws that are applied to compute the amounts are those that are enacted or substantially enacted at the end of the reporting period. The Company calculates the provision for income tax in accordance with the Peruvian tax legislation in force. For the years 2017, 2016 and 2015, the Company was subject to an income tax rate of 32% (see Note 14(b)).
~~Deferred Taxes -~~
Deferred taxes are presented using the liability method for differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their book value for financial reporting purposes. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable differences. Deferred tax assets are recorded for all deductible differences when there is a probability that there could be taxable earnings against which the deductible difference could be applied.
The book value of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each period and reduced to an amount that is more likely than not to be realized against taxable earnings. Deferred tax assets that are not recognized are reassessed each period and are recognized when it is more likely than not that future taxable earnings will allow for the deferred tax asset to be recovered.
~~F-186~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements(continued)~~
Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)

~~Deferred tax assets~~
(l) Income taxes, deferred taxes and liabilities are measured at tax rates that are expected to be applicable during the year when the assets are realized or the liabilities are liquidated, based on the tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the period. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset tax assets against tax liabilities and the deferred tax is related to the same entity and the same tax authority.
~~Mining Taxes~~other taxes -
On September 29, 2011, Law N° 29788 (which amended Law N° 28528) was enacted creating a new mining tax and royalty regime in Peru. Under the new regime, companies that did not have stability agreements were subject to the payment of royalties and a special mining tax. Cerro Verde believes its 1998 Stability Agreement exempts from royalties all minerals extracted from its mining concession, irrespective of the method used for processing those materials, and therefore, was not subject to the payment of royalties and a special mining tax. See Note 14(d) for further discussion of recent developments resulting in the recognition of provisions for these disputed prior years royalties and special mining taxes. Because the Company believes it was not subject to the payment of royalties and a special mining tax, Cerro Verde was subject to special mining burden (GEM) until the expiration of its 1998 Stability Agreement on December 31, 2013. Under the terms of its current 15-year stability agreement (see Note 14(a)
Income taxes-
Income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amounts expected to be paid to or recovered from the tax authorities. The amount of current tax payable or receivable is the best estimate of the tax amount to be paid or received that reflects uncertainty related to income taxes, if any. The tax rates and tax laws that are applied to compute the amounts are those that are enacted or substantially enacted at the end of the reporting period. The Company calculates the provision for income tax in accordance with the Peruvian tax legislation in force.For the years 2019, 2018 and 2017, the Company was subject to an income tax rate of 32% (see Note 13(b)).
Deferred Taxes -
Deferred taxes are presented using the liability method for differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their book value for financial reporting purposes. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable differences. Deferred tax assets are recorded for all deductible differences when there is a probability that there could be taxable earnings against which the deductible difference could be applied.
The book value of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each period and reduced to an amount that is more likely than not to be realized against taxable earnings. Deferred tax assets that are not recognized are reassessed each period and are recognized when it is more likely than not that those future taxable earnings will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at tax rates that are expected to be applicable during the year when the assets are realized or the liabilities are liquidated, based on the tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the period, and reflects uncertainty related to income taxes, if any. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset tax assets against tax liabilities and the deferred tax is related to the same entity and the same tax authority.
Mining Taxes -
On September 29, 2011, Law 29788 (which amended Law 28528) was enacted creating a new mining tax and royalty regime in Peru. Under the new regime, companies that did not have stability agreements were subject to the payment of royalties and a special mining tax. Cerro Verde believes its 1998 Stability Agreement exempts from royalties all minerals extracted from its mining concession, irrespective of the method used for processing those materials, and therefore, was not subject to the payment of royalties and a special mining tax until the 1998 Stability Agreement expired on December 31, 2013. See Note 13(d) for further discussion of developments resulting in the recognition of provisions for these disputed royalties and special mining taxes for prior years. Because the Company believes it was not subject to the payment of royalties and a special mining tax, Cerro Verde was subject to special mining burden (GEM) until the expiration of its 1998 Stability Agreement on December 31, 2013.Under the terms of its current 15-year stability agreement (see Note 13(a)), which became effective January 1, 2014, the Company is subject to mining royalties and a special mining tax for all of its mining production.

Supplementary Retirement Fund -
On July 9, 2011, Law N°29741 was enacted and established a Mining, Metallurgical and Steel Supplementary Retirement Fund (SRF), which is a social security retirement fund for mining, metals and steel industry workers. Under the terms of its current 15-year stability agreement, the Company is subject to SRF, which is calculated as 0.5% of net taxable income.

~~(m)~~ ~~Benefits to employees -~~
~~Salaries and wages, bonuses, post-employment benefits and vacations are calculated in accordance with IAS 19, “Employee Benefits” and current Peruvian legislation.~~

Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)

(m) Benefits to employees -
Salaries and wages, bonuses and vacations are calculated in accordance with IAS 19, "Employee Benefits" and current Peruvian legislation.
Worker’s profit sharing -
The Company recognizes worker’s profit sharing in accordance with IAS 19. Worker’s profit sharing is calculated in accordance with Peruvian laws (Legislative Decree No. 892), and the Company's worker’s profit sharing rate is 8% over the net taxable base of the current year. According to Peruvian law, the limit in the worker's profit sharing that an employee can receive is equivalent to 18 months of wages, and any excess above such limit is transferred to the Regional Government and the National Fund for Employment’s Promotion and Training (“FONDOEMPLEO”). The Company’s worker’s profit sharing rate is 8% over the net taxable base of the current year. According to Peruvian law, the limit in the worker’s profit sharing that an employee could receive is equivalent to 18 months of wages, and any excess above such limit is transferred to the Regional Government and the National Fund for Employment’s Promotion and Training. The Company’s workers profit share is recognized as a liability in the statements of financial position and as an operating expense in the statements of comprehensive income.

~~F-187~~
(n) Borrowing cost -
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalized as finance costs as part of the asset. A qualifying asset is one whose value is greater than US$ 1 million and requires at least 12 months to be ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that the Company incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.

~~Notes to the Financial Statements(continued)~~
(o) Fair value measurement -
The Company measures its embedded derivatives, at fair value, at each date presented in the statement of financial position.

~~(n)~~ ~~Borrowing cost -~~
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalized as finance costs as part of the asset. A qualifying asset is one whose value is greater than US$1 million and requires at least 12 months to be ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that the Company incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

~~(o)~~ ~~Fair value measurement -~~
~~The Company measures its embedded derivatives, at fair value, at each date presented in the statement of financial position.~~
~~Fair value~~
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data is ~~the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.~~
~~The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are~~ available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.

Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described, as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
- Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
- Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement ~~as a whole:~~
- ~~Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities~~is directly or indirectly observable.
- ~~Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest-level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable~~
- Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to ~~the fair value measurement is unobservable~~
~~For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities based on the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of~~ the fair value ~~hierarchy as explained above.~~measurement is unobservable.
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities based on the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

(p) ~~Basic and diluted earnings per share -~~
Basic and diluted earnings per share -
Basic and diluted earnings per share have been calculated based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. When the number of shares is modified because of capitalization of retained earnings, the net income per basic and diluted shares is adjusted retroactively for all of the periods reported. For the years 2019, 2018 and 2017, ~~and 2016,~~ the Company did not have any financial instruments with dilutive effects; as a result, the basic and diluted shares are the same in all periods presented.

(q) Changes in accounting policies and disclosures –
IFRS 16, “Leases” -
IFRS 16 introduced a single, on-balance sheet accounting model for lessees and the Company adopted IFRS 16 on January 1, 2019. As a result, the Company, as a lessee, has recognized right-of-use assets representing its rights to use the underlying assets and lease liabilities representing its obligation to make lease payments.
The Company has applied IFRS 16 using the modified retrospective approach, under which the comparative information presented for 2018 has not been restated and it is presented, as previously reported, under IAS 17, “Leases,” and related interpretation.
Definition of a lease -
Previously, the Company determined at contract inception whether a contract was or contained a lease under IFRIC 4, “Determining Whether an Arrangement Contains a Lease.” The Company now assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease based on the new definition of a lease. Under IFRS 16, a contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.
~~F-188~~
Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)
On transition to IFRS 16, the Company elected to apply the practical expedient to grandfather the assessment of which arrangements are leases. It applied IFRS 16 only to contracts that were previously identified as leases. Contract that were not identified as leases under IAS 17 and IFRIC 4 were not reassessed. Therefore, the definition of a lease under IFRS 16 has been applied only to contracts entered into or changed on or after January 1, 2019.
At inception or on reassessment of a contract that contains a lease component, the Company allocates the considerations in the contract to each lease and non-lease component on the basis of their relative stand-alone prices.
As a lessee -
As a lessee, the Company previously classified leases as either operating and finance leases based on its assessments of whether a lease transferred substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership. Under IFRS 16, all leases are classified as finance leases. The Company has elected the exemption for leases of low-value assets as well as the short-term lease exemption for all asset classes and does not report a lease liability or right-of-use asset for leases of low-value assets or leases with a term of 12 months or less.
The Company presents right-of-use assets in “property, plant and equipment,” the same line item as it presents underlying assets of the same nature that it owns. Leased right-of-use assets are presented in Note 7(b).
The Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date.
Right-of-use asset -
The right-of use asset is initially measured at cost, and subsequently at cost less any accumulated depreciation and impairments losses, and adjusted for certain re-measurements of the lease liability.
The right-of-use asset is depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the end of the lease term. The estimated useful lives of right-of-use assets are determined on the same basis as those of property, plant and equipment.
Lease liability -
The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. The Company does not have any lease contracts in which the implicit rate is readily determinable and as such used its incremental borrowing rate in all lease calculations. The incremental borrowing rates were determined for each lease taking into consideration factors such as the lease term, the nature of the asset, credit risk and economic environment in which the asset was located.
The weighted average incremental borrowing rate at transition was 4.704% per annum.

Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)
The lease liability is subsequently increased by the interest cost on the lease liability and decreased by lease payments made. It is re-measured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index rate, if there is a change in the estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or as appropriate, changes in the assessment of whether a purchase option, termination option or extension option is reasonably certain to be exercised.
The lease liabilities as of January 1, 2019 can be reconciled to the operating lease commitments as of December 31, 2018:
US$(000)
~~Notes to~~
Operating lease commitments as of December 31, 2018 (undiscounted) 152,866
Exclude / deduct
Contracts that do not meet the ~~Financial Statements(continued)~~revised definition of a lease (25,851 )
Committed leases not commenced at 1 January 2019 -
Effect of discounting (31,287 )
Discounted recognized lease liabilities as of January 1, 2019 95,728
Lease liabilities are presented in “other financial liabilities” (Note 10).

~~(q)~~ ~~New IFRS –~~
~~Following is a summary of improvements and amendments to IFRS that are not yet effective but will be applicable to the Company.~~
Lease term -
The Company has applied judgement to determine the lease term for some lease contracts in which it is a lessee and that include renewal options. The assessment of whether the Company is reasonably certain to exercise such options impacts the lease term, which significantly affects the amount of the lease liabilities and right-of-use assets recognized.

- IFRS 15 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, issued in May 2014 and amended in April 2016, established a five-step model to account for revenue arising from contracts with customers. Under IFRS 15, revenue is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. The new standard will supersede all current revenue recognition requirements under IFRS. Either a full retrospective application or a modified retrospective application is required for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018.
Beginning January 1, 2018, the Company adopted this new standard on the required effective date using the modified retrospective method, in which the cumulative effect resulting from applying this new standard will be presented by adjusting the initial balance of retained earnings (January 1, 2018)
Also in relation to those leases under IFRS 16, the Company has recognized depreciation and interest costs which are presented in “cost of sales” (Note 15) and “financial expenses” (Note 18). ~~During 2016, the Company performed a preliminary assessment of IFRs 15, followed by a more detailed analysis in 2017.~~
The key issues identified, and the Company’s views and perspectives, are set out below. These are based on the Company’s current interpretation of IFRS 15 and may be subject to change as the interpretations evolve. Furthermore, the Company is considering and will continue to monitor any further development.
~~To date, the Company has considered the following issues:~~

~~(a)~~ ~~Mineral sales~~
For contracts with customers in which the sale of copper concentrate or copper cathode is expected to be the only performance obligation, it is estimated that IFRS 15 has no impact on the Company’s revenues and net profit. Management expects revenue recognition to occur at the moment control of the asset is transferred to the customer, which generally occurs with the delivery of the goods. At the time of preparing the adoption of IFRS 15, the Company has considered
IFRIC Interpretation 23, “Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatment”-
The Interpretation addresses the accounting for income taxes when tax treatments involve uncertainty that affects the application of IAS 12, “Income Taxes.” It does not apply to taxes or levies outside the scope of IAS 12, nor does it specifically include requirements relating to interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax treatments. The Interpretation specifically addresses the following:

~~(i)~~ ~~Variable considerations~~
Whether an entity considers uncertain tax treatments separately.
The assumptions an entity makes about the examination of tax treatments by taxation authorities.
How an entity determines taxable profit or loss, tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax credits and tax rates.
How an entity considers changes in facts and circumstances.
The Company determines whether to consider each uncertain tax treatment separately or together with one or more other uncertain tax treatments and uses the approach that better predicts the resolution of the uncertainty.
The Company applies significant judgement in identifying uncertainties over income tax treatments.

Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)
The Company adopted IFRIC 23 on January 1, 2019, at that date the Company did not record any impact by IFRIC 23. A summary of the impact from the uncertain tax treatments recognized during 2019, is showed below:
2019
US$(000)
Increase in current tax assets 35,701
Increase in current tax liabilities 21,920
Increase in deferred tax liabilities 20,767
Increase in income taxes expense 6,986
During 2019, the Company recognized uncertain tax positions, particularly those relating to depreciation of fixed assets out of the scope of feasibility study, sales commissions with non-related companies and miscellaneous information technology services, based on new information obtained and assed since January 1, 2019.
Several other amendments and interpretations applied for the first time in 2019, but did not have an impact on the financial statements of the Company and, hence have not been disclosed. The Company has not early any standards, interpretations or amendments that have been issued but not yet effective.

~~Some~~
(r) Standards issued but not effective -
Following is a summary of improvements and amendments to IFRS that are not yet effective but will be applicable to the Company:
- Amendments to IAS 1 and IAS 8: Definition of Material -
In October 2018, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 1, “Presentation of Financial Statements” and IAS 8, “Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors” to align the definition of “material” across the standards and to clarify certain aspects of the definition. The new definition states that, “Information is material if omitting, misstating or obscuring it could reasonably be expected to influence decisions that the primary users of general purpose financial statements make on the basis of those financial statements, which provide financial information about a specific reporting entity.” The amendments to the definition of material is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.
3. Cash and cash equivalents
This item is made up as follows:
December 31,
2019 December 31,
2018
US$(000) US$(000)

Cash in banks 10,119 3,679
Cash equivalents (a) 471,372 497,503

481,491 501,182
(a) Cash equivalents as of December 31, 2019, includes short-term deposits with Scotiabank Peru of US$125.0 million, Citibank NY of US$85.1 million, Banco BBVA Peru of US$50.0 million and a portfolio of investments in highly marketable liquid investments (investments classified as “AAA” by Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s) of US$211.3 million, which yield variable returns, and are classified as cash equivalents because they are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and management plans to use them for its short-term cash needs. Because of the ~~Company’s~~short maturity of these investments (i.e., less than 90 days), the carrying amount of these investments corresponds to their fair value at the date of the financial statements. Changes in the fair value of these investments are insignificant.
F-229
Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)
4. Related parties
Accounts receivable from related parties and accounts payable to related parties are made up as follows:
December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
US$(000) US$(000)

Accounts receivable from related parties
Parent Company
FMC (a) 401,211 409,688
Other related parties
Sumitomo (b) 10,760 12,918
Climax Molybdenum Marketing Corporation (c) 5,022 10,038
Embedded derivatives
Embedded derivatives (d) 36,077 (19,293 )

Total accounts receivable from related parties 453,070 413,351

Classification by measurement
Accounts receivables from related parties (not subject to provisional pricing) 121,995 67,050
Accounts receivables from related parties (subject to provisional pricing) 294,998 365,594
Embedded derivatives (d) 36,077 (19,293 )

453,070 413,351

Accounts payable to related parties
Parent Company
FMC (e) 10,441 8,860
Other related parties
Freeport-McMoRan Sales Company Inc. 3,086 3,192
Minera Freeport-McMoRan South America Ltda 561 521
PT Freeport Indonesia - 2,301
Total accounts payable to related parties 14,088 14,874
Less: accounts payable to related parties, long term (10,074 ) (8,860 )

Total accounts payable, short term 4,014 6,014
(a) Accounts receivable from FMC mainly correspond to sales of copper concentrate and copper cathode contain provisional pricing features which are currently considered to be embedded derivatives. Revenue is recognized at the estimated fair value of the total consideration received or receivable, net of discounts, provisions, and changes in volumes delivered at the point of destination.
~~Based on the “estimated fair value” approach, the Company expects that the application of the standard will not have a material impact on the financial statements.~~
~~F-189~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements~~ (~~continued)~~
Revenue, in respect of the host contract, will be recognized when control passes to the customer and will be measured at the amount the entity expects to be entitled – being the estimate of the price expected to be received at the end of the QP (Quotation Period), i.e., using the most recently determined estimate of metal in concentrate (based on initial assay results) and the estimated forward price (which is consistent with current practice). When considering the initial assay estimate, the Company has considered the requirements of IFRS 15 in relation to the constraint on estimates of variable consideration. It will only include amounts in the calculation of revenue where it is highly probable that a significant revenue reversal will not occur when the uncertainty relating to final assay/quality is subsequently resolved, i.e., at the end of the QP. The assay differences are not usually material to the Company, hence, no change is expected when compared to the current approach. Consequently, at the time the concentrate passes the ship’s rail, the Company will recognize a receivable because from that time it considers it has an unconditional right to consideration. This receivable will then be accounted for in accordance with IFRS 9.
With respect to the presentation of the amounts arising from such provisionally priced contracts, IFRS 15 requires those amounts to be disclosed separately from other types of revenues. This means that the revenue recognized from the initial sale must be separately disclosed in the financial statements from any revenue/income recognized from subsequent movements in the fair value of the related concentrate receivable. The Company presents the movements in the embedded derivative separately, so this requirement will not have an impact on the presentation of the Company’s financial statements. However, the quantum of the fair value movement may be different as a result of the adoption of IFRS 9. Consistent with current practice, any subsequent changes that arise due to the differences between the initial and the final assay will be recognized as an adjustment to the revenue from contracts with customers.
~~(ii)~~ ~~Impact of shipping terms~~
The Company sells a portion of its copper concentrate and copper cathodes on CFR (Cost & Freight) and CIF (Cost, Insurance & Freight) Incoterms. This means that the Company is responsible for shipping services after the date at which control of the concentrate passes to the customer at the port of loading, i.e., when it crosses the ship’s rail. Under IAS 18, these shipping services are currently not considered to represent a separate service; hence, no revenue is allocated to them. Instead, concentrate revenue is recognized in full at the date the concentrate passes the ship’s rail, and the costs associated with shipping the goods are considered to be part of cost of sales.
~~F-190~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements~~ (~~continued)~~
Under IFRS 15, the provision of shipping services in these types of arrangements will be a distinct service (and therefore a separate performance obligation) to which a portion of the transaction price should be allocated and recognized over time as the shipping services are provided. The impact of these changes include:
- ~~Deferral of revenue: Some of the revenue currently recognized when the concentrate passes the ship’s rail will be deferred and recognized as the shipping services are subsequently provided; and~~
- Disaggregated disclosures: The revenue allocated to shipping services may need to be disclosed separately from concentrate revenue (where material), either on the face of the statement of comprehensive income or in the notes.
cathode. The Company has ~~determined that while these changes will impact some~~a long-term agreement with FMC through which it has committed to sell between 70% and 80% of its ~~arrangements, the overall year over year impact on the timing of revenue recognition will not be material and consequently such revenue will not be disclosed separately.~~
~~(b)~~ ~~Other presentation and disclosure requirements~~
The presentation and disclosure requirements of IFRS 15 are more detailed than the current standard. The presentation requirements represent a significant change from current practice and will increase the volume of disclosures required in the Company’s financial statements. During 2017, the Company continued testing appropriate systems, internal controls, policies and procedures necessary to collect and disclose the required information.
- IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments, issued in July 2014, replaces IAS 39 and all previous versions of IFRS 9. IFRS 9 brings together all three aspects of the accounting for financial instruments project: classification and measurement, impairment and hedge accounting. IFRS 9 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted. Except for hedge accounting, retrospective application is required, but the provision of comparative information is not required. For hedge accounting, the requirements are generally applied prospectively, with some limited exceptions.
~~The Company adopted the new standard on January 1, 2018 and will not restate comparative information.~~
~~F-191~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements~~(~~continued)~~
During 2017, the Company performed a detailed impact assessment of all three aspects of IFRS 9. This assessment is based on currently available information and may be subject to changes arising from further reasonable and supportable information being made available to the Company. Overall, the Company expects no significant impact on its statements of financial position or equity from the adoption of IFRS 9. However, there will be some changes to the classification and measurement of trade receivables relating to provisionally priced sales.
~~(a)~~ ~~Classification and measurement~~
~~Some of the Company’s sales of metal in~~annual copper concentrate contain provisional pricing features. Currently, these provisionally priced sales contain an embedded derivative that is separated from the host contract, i.e., the concentrate receivable, for accounting purposes under IAS 39. Accordingly, the embedded derivative, which does not qualify for hedge accounting, is recognized at fair value, with subsequent changes in fair value recognized in the statements of comprehensive income each period until final settlement. The initial estimate of fair value and subsequent changes in fair value over the quotational period (“QP”), and up until final settlement, are estimated by reference to forward market prices.
On adoption of IFRS 9, the embedded derivative will no longer be separated from the concentrate receivables as the receivables are not expected to give rise to cash flows that solely represent payments of principal and interest. Instead, the receivables will be accounted for as one instrument and measured at fair valueproduction through profit or loss with subsequent changes in fair value recognized in the statements of comprehensive income each period until final settlement. This will mean that the quantum of the fair value movements will be different because the current approach only calculates fair value movements based on changes in the relevant commodity price, whereas under IFRS 9, the fair value of the receivable will not only include commodity price changes, but it will also factor in the impact of credit and interest rates. Given the nature of the sales with provisional prices, which are not more than three months long and are made with customers that have a solid credit rating, the Company does not expect this change to have a significant impact.
Other non-provisionally priced trade receivables are considered to be held to collect contractual cash flows and are expected to give rise to cash flows solely representing payments of principal and interest. The Company analyzed the contractual cash flow characteristics of those instruments and concluded that they meet the criteria for amortized cost measurement under IFRS 9. Therefore, reclassification for these instruments is not required.
~~F-192~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements~~ (~~continued)~~
~~For other financial assets currently measured at fair value, e.g., derivative financial assets, the Company will continue to classify and measure these at fair value.~~
~~There will be no impact on financial liabilities.~~
~~(b)~~ ~~Impairment~~
IFRS 9 requires the Company use an expected credit loss model for its trade receivables measured at amortized cost, either on a 12-month or lifetime basis. The Company will apply the simplified approach and record lifetime expected losses on all trade receivables measured at amortized cost. Given the short-term nature of these receivables, the Company does not expect these changes to have a significant impact.
~~(c)~~ ~~Hedge accounting~~
~~The changes in IFRS 9 relating to hedge accounting will have no impact as the Company does not currently apply hedge accounting.~~
- IFRS 16 “Leases”, was issued in January 2016 and replaces IAS 17 “Leases,” IFRIC 4 “Determining whether an Arrangement contains a Lease,” SIC-15 “Operating Leases-Incentives” and SIC-27 “Evaluating the Substance of Transactions Involving the Legal Form of a Lease.” IFRS 16 sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases and requires lessees to account for all leases under a single on-balance sheet model similar to the accounting for finance leases under IAS 17. The standard includes two recognition exemptions for lessees: leases of ‘low-value’ assets (e.g., personal computers); and short-term leases (i.e., leases with a lease term of 12 months or less). At the commencement date of a lease, a lessee will recognize a liability to make lease payments (i.e., the lease liability) and an asset representing the right to use the underlying asset during the lease term (i.e., the right-of-use asset). Lessees will be required to separately recognize the interest expense on the lease liability and the depreciation expense on the right-of-use asset.
Lessees will be also required to remeasure the lease liability upon the occurrence of certain events (e.g., a change in the lease term, a change in future lease payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine those payments). The lessee will generally recognize the amount of the remeasurement of the lease liability as an adjustment to the right-of-use asset.
Lessor accounting under IFRS 16 is substantially unchanged from today’s accounting under IAS 17. Lessors will continue to classify all leases using the same classification principle as in IAS 17 and distinguish between two types of leases: operating and finance leases.
~~F-193~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements~~(~~continued)~~
~~IFRS 16 also requires lessees and lessors to make more extensive disclosures than under IAS 17.~~
IFRS 16 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019. Early application is permitted, but not before an entity applies IFRS 15. A lessee can choose to apply the standard using either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach.
In 2017, the Company assembled a project team to begin the process of assessing the impact of the leases standard. The project team has developed its project plan, established a steering committee, identified key stakeholders, completed high level education sessions and begun to gather more information (through the use of interviews and questionnaires) with respect to the population of procurement contracts that will need to be assessed in light of the new requirements. In 2018, the Company plans to continue to assess the potential effect of IFRS 16 on its consolidated financial statements.
- IFRIC 23, “Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments”, effective January 1, 2019, clarifies application of recognition and measurement requirements in IAS 12, “Income Taxes” when there is uncertainty over income tax treatments. Management is currently evaluating the impact IFRIC 23 will have on the Company’s financial reporting and disclosures.
3. ~~Cash and cash equivalents~~
~~This item is made up as follows:~~
December 31,
2017 December 31,
2016
US$(000) US$(000)

Cash in banks 3,500 2,990
Cash equivalents (a) 596,527 26,961
600,027 29,951
~~(a)~~ Cash equivalents as of December 31, 2017, includes short-term deposits with Citibank NY of US$196 million, Scotiabank Peru of US$150 million and BBVA Continental Peru of US$50 million and a portfolio of investments in highly marketable liquid investments of US$200.5 million, (investments classified as “AAA” by Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s), which yield variable returns, and are classified as cash equivalents because they are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and management plans to use them for its short-term cash needs. Because of the short maturity of these investments (i.e., less than 90 days), the carrying amount of these investments corresponds to their fair value at the date of the financial statements. Changes in the fair value of these investments are insignificant.
~~F-194~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements~~ (~~continued)~~
4. ~~Related parties~~
~~Accounts receivable from related parties and accounts payable to related parties are made up as follows:~~
December 31,
2017 December 31,
2016
US$(000) US$(000)

Accounts receivable from related parties
Parent Company
FMC (a) 372,327 345,609
Other related parties
Sumitomo Metal Mining Company, Ltd. (b) 19,900 23,552
Climax Molybdenum Marketing Corporation (c) 19,570 6,145

Total accounts receivable from related parties 411,797 375,306

Accounts payable to related parties
Parent Company
FMC (d) 8,470 30,353
Other related parties
Freeport-McMoRan Sales Company Inc. 3,601 3,134
Minera Freeport-McMoRan South America Ltda 1,248 779
Freeport Cobalt OY 296 -
Minera Freeport-McMoRan South America S.A.C. 66 -

Total accounts payable to related parties 13,681 34,266

Less: accounts payable to related parties, long term (8,147 ) (7,132 )

Total accounts payable, short term 5,534 27,134
~~(a)~~ Accounts receivable from FMC mainly correspond to sales of copper concentrate and copper cathode. The Company has a long-term agreement with FMC through which it has committed to sell between 70% and 80% of its annual copper concentrate production from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021. ~~These amounts exclude adjustments for embedded derivatives (see Note 5). Terms of the contracts are reviewed annually.~~
~~(b)~~ The Company has a long-term agreement with Sumitomo through which it has committed to sell 21% of its annual copper concentrates production from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021. These amounts exclude adjustments for embedded derivatives (see Note 5). Terms of the contracts are reviewed annually.

~~F-195~~
(b) The Company has a long-term agreement with Sumitomo through which it has committed to sell 21% of its annual copper concentrates production through December 31, 2021. Terms of the contracts are reviewed annually.

(c) The Company has a long-term agreement with Climax Molybdenum Marketing Corporation (a wholly owned subsidiary of FMC) through which it has committed to sell 100% of its annual molybdenum concentrate production, at a price based on MWDO and under a delivery type known as CIF (cost, insurance and freight) through December 31, 2020.

~~Notes~~
(d) Reflects the embedded derivative adjustment associated with accounts receivable from related parties (See Note 2(d) and 22).
(e) Accounts payable to ~~the Financial Statements~~(~~continued)~~
~~(c)~~ The Company has a long-term agreement with Climax Molybdenum Marketing Corporation (a wholly owned subsidiary of FMC) through which it has committed to sell 100% of its annual molybdenum concentrate production, at a price based on the~~Metals Week~~ Dealer Oxide price and under a delivery type known as CIF (cost, insurance and freight) from January 1, 2015 through December 31, 2020. These amounts exclude adjustments for embedded derivatives (see Note 5)FMC is primarily related to stock option benefits (US$10.1 million as of December 31, 2019, and US$8.9 million as of December 31, 2018).

~~(d)~~ ~~Accounts payable to FMC~~
Short-term and long-term employee benefits are recognized as expenses during the period earned. Benefits received by key management personnel represent 0.42% of total revenues for the year 2019 (0.38% for the year 2018). For the years 2019, 2018 and 2017, Freeport had granted stock option and/or restricted stock unit benefits to certain key management personnel, the amounts of which are not significant at those dates. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company does not have any other long-term benefits.
Terms and transactions with related parties -
Transactions with related parties are made at normal market prices. Outstanding balances are unsecured, interest free and settlement occurs in cash. There have been no guarantees provided or received for any accounts receivables from related parties. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, ~~is related to stock option benefits for US$8.1 million. The balance as of December 31, 2016, includes US$22.3 million for the purchase of used shovels and US$7.1 million of stock option benefits.~~
Short-term and long-term employee benefits are recognized as expenses during the period earned. Benefits received by key management personnel represent 0.35% of total revenues for the year 2017 (0.53% for the year 2016). For the years 2017 and 2016, Freeport had granted stock option and/or restricted stock unit benefits to certain key management personnel, the amounts of which are not significant at those dates. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company does not have any other long-term benefits.
~~Terms and transactions with related parties -~~
Transactions with related parties are made at normal market prices. Outstanding balances are unsecured, interest free and settlement occurs in cash. There have been no guarantees provided or received for any accounts receivables from related parties. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had not recorded any impairment of accounts receivable from related parties.

5. ~~Other accounts receivable~~

Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)
5. Inventories, net
This item is made up as follows:
December 31,
2019 December 31,
2018
US$(000) US$(000)

Current
Materials and supplies 348,035 308,378
Work-in-process (WIP) (a) 173,190 119,518
Finished goods:
Copper concentrate 23,890 17,949
Copper cathode 6,321 8,035
Molybdenum concentrate 1,268 3,205
Less: Provision for obsolescence of materials and supplies (507 ) (11 )
552,197 457,074
Non-current
Work-in-process (WIP) (a) 255,123 286,375

Total inventories 807,320 743,449
(a) WIP inventories represent mill and leach stockpiles, which contain higher grade ores (mill stockpiles) and medium and lower grade ores (leach stockpiles) that have been extracted from the open pit and are available for copper recovery. Based on the future mine plan production, the Company identifies the portion of inventory that is classified as current or long term. For mill stockpiles, recovery is through milling and concentrating. For leach stockpiles, recovery is through exposure to acidic solutions that dissolve copper and deliver it in a solution to extraction processing facilities.
In fourth-quarter 2019, the Company changed its method of estimating the current portion of its leach and mill stockpiles and revised its December 31, 2018, balances to conform to the new methodology resulting in a US$30.5 million decrease in the current balance and increase in the long-term balance.
F-231
Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)
6. Other non-financial assets
This item is made up as follows:
December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
US$(000) US$(000)

Current
Income tax prepayments (a) 75,521 26,794
Value added tax (VAT) credit 27,414 28,081
Other taxes to be recovered 2,745 2,700
105,680 57,575

Non-current
Other receivables (b) 186,626 183,208
Income tax prepayments (a) 52,559 16,858
239,185 200,066

Total other non-financial assets 344,865 257,641
(a) Represents disbursements made by the Companyfor theprepayment of income tax, which the Company expects to use to offset future tax obligations or will be refunded to the Company by SUNAT (Superintendencia Nacional de Administración Tributaria) (see Note 13(b)). The balance at December 31, 2019, also includes income tax benefits from the years 2013 to 2018 as part of the adoption of IFRIC 23 (see Note 2(q)).

~~This item is~~
(b) Represents disbursement made ~~up as follows:~~
December 31,
2017 December 31,
2016
US$(000) US$(000)

Embedded derivatives (Note 22) 68,736 67,449
CASE and SISE contributions refund (a) 6,474 -
Other 1,656 2,594

76,866 70,043
~~(a)~~ ~~Corresponds to the energy and fuel invoice payments made for the years 2015 and 2016~~by the Company in connection with disputed tax assessments related to the Charge for Energy Security Consolidation (CASE) and the Charge for Energy Security on Hydrocarbons System (SISE). Law N°30543, passed on March 02, 2017, establishes the elimination and refund of these payments.
~~F-196~~
~~Notes~~ to reviews by SUNAT from years 2003 to 2012 (see Note 13(c) and 13(e)). According to current tax procedures and the ~~Financial Statements~~(~~continued)~~
6. ~~Inventories, net~~
~~This item is made up as follows:~~
December 31,
2017 December 31,
2016
US$(000) US$(000)

Current
Materials and supplies 273,939 251,635
Work-in-process (WIP) (a) 148,928 148,178
Finished goods:
Copper concentrate 18,068 15,073
Copper cathode 4,032 8,220
Molybdenum concentrate 1,896 2,763
Less: Provision for obsolescence of materials and supplies (1,237 ) (303 )
Total current 445,626 425,566

Non-current
Work-in-process (WIP) (a) 248,452 300,614

Total inventories 694,078 726,180
~~(a)~~ Work-in-process inventories represent mill and leach stockpiles which contain higher grade ores (mill stockpiles) and medium and lower grade ores (leach stockpiles) that have been extracted from the open pit and are available for copper recovery. Based on the future mine plan production, the Company identifies the portion of inventory that is classified as current or long term. For mill stockpiles, recovery is through milling and concentrating. For leach stockpiles, recovery is through exposure to acidic solutions that dissolve copper and deliver it in a solution to extraction processing facilities.
~~F-197~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements~~(~~continued)~~
7. ~~Other non-financial assets~~
~~This item is made up as follows:~~
December 31,
2017 December 31,
2016
US$(000) US$(000)

Current
Value added tax (VAT) credit 18,153 308,177
Other taxes to be recovered 2,929 2,830
Total current 21,082 311,007

Non-current
Other receivables (a) 184,802 180,741
Income tax prepayments (b) 4,212 19,550
Installment program (mining royalties case) (c) - 96,233
Total non-current 189,014 296,524

Total other non-financial assets 210,096 607,531
~~(a)~~ Represents disbursement made by the Company in connection with disputed tax assessments related to reviews by SUNAT (Superintendencia Nacional de Administración Tributaria) from years 2004 to 2011 (see Note 14(c) and 14(e)). According to current tax procedures and the time frametimeframe for resolving these types of claims, management and its legal advisors expect resolution of this matter will be favorable to the Company and amounts will be recoverable.

~~(b)~~ ~~Represents disbursements made by the Companyfor theprepayment of income tax, which the Company expects to use to offset future tax obligations or will be refunded to the Company by SUNAT (see Note 14(b)).~~

Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)
7. Property, plant and equipment, net

~~(c)~~ The balance as of December 31, 2016, represented payments made under protest by the Company for an installment program approved by SUNAT associated with mining royalties for the period December 2006 to December 2008. As of result of the October 2017, Peruvian Supreme Court ruling on the 2008 royalty assessments, these payments were applied to the provision for royalties (see Notes 12 and 14(d)).
~~F-198~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements(continued)~~
Property, plant and equipment consist of owned and leased assets (right-of-use assets), and cost and accumulated depreciation accounts as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are shown below:

8. ~~Property, plant and equipment, net~~
January 1,
2018 Additions Adjustments Disposals Transfers December 31,
2018 IFRS 16 adoption Additions Adjustments Disposals Transfers December 31,
2019
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Cost
Land 24,467 - - - 196 24,663 - - - (80 ) 322 24,905
Buildings and other constructions 2,370,042 - 41,089 (9,644 ) 48,090 2,449,577 - - 544 (4,769 ) 102,772 2,548,124
Machinery and equipment 4,553,508 - (41,089 ) (19,426 ) 201,057 4,694,050 - - (544 ) (30,482 ) 191,589 4,854,613
Transportation units 20,557 - - (32 ) 2,726 23,251 - - - (32 ) 3,146 26,365
Furniture and fixtures 949 - - - - 949 - - - - - 949
Other equipment 24,977 - - (11 ) 525 25,491 - - - (594 ) 203 25,100
Construction in progress and in-transit units 149,661 288,861 - - (252,594 ) 185,928 - 271,364 (a) (1,192 ) - (298,032 ) 158,068
Stripping activity asset (see Note 2(i)) 478,382 177,327 - - - 655,709 - 197,038 - - - 852,747
Asset retirement costs (see Note 11(c)) 136,327 2,724 (32,017 ) - - 107,034 - 18,834 41,130 - - 166,998
Right-of-use assets (b) - - - - - - 95,728 1,342 (700 ) (929 ) - 95,441
7,758,870 468,912 (32,017 ) (29,113 ) - 8,166,652 95,728 488,578 39,238 (36,886 ) - 8,753,310

Accumulated depreciation
Buildings and other constructions 229,627 96,623 5,184 (9,514 ) - 321,920 - 76,199 513 (4,722 ) - 393,910
Machinery and equipment 1,517,337 292,656 (5,184 ) (18,483 ) - 1,786,326 - 284,097 (513 ) (29,091 ) - 2,040,819
Transportation units 12,221 1,784 - (33 ) - 13,972 - 1,928 - (28 ) - 15,872
Furniture and fixtures 834 24 - - - 858 - 23 - - - 881
Other equipment 16,400 2,406 - (10 ) - 18,796 - 1,543 - (594 ) - 19,745
Stripping activity asset 285,327 112,875 - - - 398,202 - 155,530 - - - 553,732
Asset retirement costs 18,700 4,976 - - - 23,676 - 3,239 - - - 26,915
Right-of-use assets (b) - - - - - - - 11,488 - (903 ) - 10,585
2,080,446 511,344 - (28,040 ) - 2,563,750 - 534,047 - (35,338 ) - 3,062,459

Net cost 5,678,424 5,602,902 95,728 5,690,851

~~The changes in cost and accumulated depreciation accounts as of~~
(a) For the year ended December 31, ~~2017 are shown below:~~
January 1,
2016 Additions Adjustments Disposals Transfers December 31,
2016 Additions Adjustments Disposals Transfers December 31,
2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Cost
Land 20,384 - - - 3,299 23,683 - - - 784 24,467
Buildings and other constructions 2,202,122 - (11,114 ) (5,633 ) 191,586 2,376,961 - (13,532 ) (1,169 ) 7,782 2,370,042
Machinery and equipment 4,203,431 - 11,114 (4,427 ) 232,062 4,442,180 - 13,532 (4,540 ) 102,336 4,553,508
Transportation units 19,627 - - (730 ) 213 19,110 - - (261 ) 1,708 20,557
Furniture and fixtures 950 - - (1 ) - 949 - - - - 949
Other equipment 24,728 - - (1,065 ) 1,008 24,671 - - (34 ) 340 24,977
Construction in progress and in-transit units 362,058 154,876 - - (428,168 ) 88,766 173,845 - - (112,950 ) 149,661 (a)
Stripping activity asset (see Note 2(j)) 263,498 61,261 - - - 324,759 153,623 - - - 478,382
Asset retirement costs (see Note 12(b) 149,724 3,743 (16,091 ) - - 137,376 2,661 (3,710 ) - - 136,327
7,246,522 219,880 (16,091 ) (11,856 ) - 7,438,455 330,129 (3,710 ) (6,004 ) - 7,758,870

Accumulated depreciation
Buildings and other constructions 60,903 88,925 (30 ) (4,936 ) - 144,862 86,391 (457 ) (1,169 ) - 229,627
Machinery and equipment 966,525 275,388 30 (3,964 ) - 1,237,979 283,250 457 (4,349 ) - 1,517,337
Transportation units 9,723 1,828 - (686 ) - 10,865 1,593 - (237 ) - 12,221
Furniture and fixtures 777 26 - (1 ) - 802 32 - - - 834
Other equipment 12,582 2,423 - (1,052 ) - 13,953 2,474 - (27 ) - 16,400
Stripping activity asset 111,552 97,513 - - - 209,065 76,262 - - - 285,327
Asset retirement costs 7,171 6,018 - - - 13,189 5,511 - - - 18,700
1,169,233 472,121 - (10,639 ) - 1,630,715 455,513 - (5,782 ) - 2,080,446

Net cost 6,077,289 5,807,740 5,678,424
~~(a)~~ As of December 31, 2017 construction in progress relates to the tailing cyclone relocation (US$47.5 million), mine maintenance truck shop (US$38.4 million) and the purchase of used Komatsu 930E haul trucks from PT Freeport Indonesia (related party) (US$17.12019, additions to construction in progress primarily relates to (i) the mine maintenance truck shop (US$78.2 million), (ii) the purchase of used haul trucks from PT Freeport Indonesia (a related party) (US$47.1 million), (iii) the purchase of stators for ball mills (US$18.3 million), (iv) the tailing drain expansion (US$15.2 million), (v) a concentrator optimization project (US$12.3 million), (vi) the regrowth of a leach pad (US$10.9 million) and (vii) the staged flotation reactor engineering project (US$6.2 million).

~~F-199~~

Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)

~~Notes to the Financial Statements(continued)~~
(b) The Company has lease contracts for various items of property, plant and equipment used in its operations. Leases of land have lease terms of 10 years, buildings and other constructions generally have lease terms between 1 and 14 years, and machinery and equipment generally have lease terms between 4 and 14 years.
The Company also has certain leases of machinery with lease terms of 12 months or less and leases of low-value office equipment. The Company has elected and applies the IFRS 16 exemptions for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets for these leases.

9.
Set out below are the carrying amounts of right-of-use assets recognized and the movements during the period:
January 1,
2019 Additions Adjustments
Disposals
December 31, 2019
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Cost
Land 11,008 - (700 ) (457 ) 9,851
Buildings and other constructions 55,114 1,192 - (370 ) 55,936
Machinery and equipment 29,606 150 - (102 ) 29,654
95,728 1,342 (700 ) (929 ) 95,441
Accumulated depreciation
Land - 1,712 - (457 ) 1,255
Buildings and other constructions - 6,613 - (344 ) 6,269
Machinery and equipment - 3,163 - (102 ) 3,061
- 11,488 - (903 ) 10,585
Net cost 95,728 84,856
8. Trade accounts payable

Trade accounts payable are primarily originated by the acquisition of materials, supplies, services and spare parts. These obligations are primarily denominated in US dollars, have current maturities and do not accrue interest. No guarantees have been granted. As of December 31, 2019, trade accounts payable includes US$30.3 million related to capital projects (US$42.4 million as of December 31, 2018).

Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)
9. Other accounts payable
This item is made up as follows:
December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
US$(000) US$(000)
Current
Royalties and mining taxes (a) 95,120 97,263
Other 4,260 3,991

Total current 99,380 101,254

Non-current
Royalties and mining taxes (b) 362,464 215,070

Total other accounts payable 461,844 316,324
(a) As of December 31, ~~2017, trade accounts payable includes~~2019, represents the current portion of the monthly payments of the installment programs for disputed mining royalties for the year 2013 and special mining tax for the period October 2011 through December 2013, for which payments will start in the first quarter of 2020 (US$50.1 million, including interest, deferred interest and penalties of US$~~33.7~~29.1 million) and the remaining monthly payments of the installment programs for disputed mining royalties for the period January 2009 through September 2011 and for the year 2012 (US$45.0 million, ~~related to capital projects, compared to~~including interest and penalties of US$~~12.7 million as of December 31, 2016.~~
~~10.~~ ~~Other accounts payable~~
~~This item is made up as follows:~~
December 31,
2017 December 31, 2016
US$(000) US$(000)

Current
Mining royalties, interests and penalties 2006-2008 (a) 36,113 -
Other 4,069 3,619

Total current 40,182 3,619
~~(a)~~ Represents the current portion of payments under the installment program approved by SUNAT related to disputed mining royalties of US$14.9 million and interest and penalties of US$21.2 million (see Note 14(d)26.5 million) (see Note 13(d)).

~~11.~~ ~~Other financial liabilities (debt)~~
~~This item is made up as follows:~~
As of December 31, 2018, represents the current portion of the monthly payments of the new installment programs approved by SUNAT which the Company will start paying in second-quarter 2019, related to disputed mining royalties for the period January 2009 through September 2011 of US$23.8 million and interest, deferral interest and penalties of US$41.4 million. The current amount also includes the remaining monthly payments of the installment program approved by SUNAT related to disputed mining royalties for the years 2006 to 2008 of US$13.2 million and interest and penalties of US$18.9 million.

December 31,
2017 December 31, 2016
US$(000) US$(000)

Current debt
Leases - 161

Non-current debt
Senior unsecured credit facility (a) 1,280,000 1,400,000
Less : Debt issuance cost (11,512 ) (10,171 )
Senior unsecured credit facility, net 1,268,488 1,389,829
Shareholder loans (b) - 606,014
Total non-current debt 1,268,488 1,995,843

Total other financial liabilities 1,268,488 1,996,004
(b) As of December 31, 2019, represents the non-current portion of the monthly payments of the installment programs of disputed mining royalties for the period January 2009 through September 2011 and for the years 2012 and 2013 (US$273.8 million, including interest and penalties of US$157.5 million) and special mining tax for the period October 2011 through December 2013 (US$88.7 million (see Note 13(d)).
As of December 31, 2018, represents the non-current portion of the monthly payments of the new installment programs related to disputed mining royalties for the period January 2009 through September 2011 of US$85.5 million and interest and penalties of US$129.6 million.

~~F-200~~

Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)

10. Other financial liabilities (debt)

~~Notes to the Financial Statements(continued)~~
This item is made up as follows:
December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
US$(000) US$(000)
Current debt:
Lease liabilities (a) 8,855 -

Non-current debt:
Senior unsecured credit facility (b) 830,000 1,030,000
Lease liabilities (a) 76,944 -
Less: Debt issuance cost (4,124 ) (7,190 )
Total non-current debt 902,820 1,022,810
Total other financial liabilities 911,675 1,022,810

(a) The lease liability consists of leased land, buildings and other constructions, and machinery and equipment which are used in mine operations. Set out below are the carrying amounts of lease liabilities and the movements during the period:
2019
US$(000)
Balance at beginning of the year: 95,728
Additions 550
Interest expense on lease liabilities 5,242
Payments (10,479 )
Payments of Interest (5,242 )
Balance at end of the year 85,799
The following are the amounts recognized in profit or loss:
2019
US$(000)
Depreciation charge of right-of-use assets, see Note 15 11,488
Interest expense on lease liabilities, see Note 18 5,242
Expense relating to variable lease payments, low-value and short-term leases, see Note 15 7,069
23,799
The Company has certain lease contracts for machinery and equipment used in mine operations that contain variable payments based on the number of hours that machinery or equipment is used in operations.
(b) In March 2014, the Company entered into a five-year, US$1.8 billion senior unsecured credit facility with several banks led by Citibank N.A. as the administrative agent. The disbursements were mainly used to finance a portion of the Company´s expansion project. As of March 31, 2017, the Company had repaid US$525 million of the credit facility.
~~In June 2017,~~ the Company entered into ~~an amendment to the~~a five-year, US$1.8 billion senior unsecured credit facility ~~which extends~~with several banks led by Citibank N.A. as the ~~maturity and increased the outstanding amount by US$225 million. After the amendment the balance~~administrative agent.The disbursements were mainly used to financea portion of the ~~total credit facility was US$1.5 billion.~~ Company’s expansion project.

Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)
In ~~December 2017, the Company repaid US$220 million. The balance of the total credit facility is US$1.3 billion as of December 31, 2017.~~
~~The credit facility calls for amortization in four installments, with 15% of the total facility due on December 31, 2020 (US$5.0 million after the December 2017 repayment), 15% due on~~ June ~~30, 2021 (US$225 million), 35% due on December 31, 2021 (US$525 million) and 35% due on June 19, 2022 (US$525 million).~~
Interest on the credit facility is based on London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus a spread (currently 1.9%) based on the Company´s total net debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) ratio, as defined in the agreement.
As of result of the amended credit facility, the Company recognized charges of US$4.3 million to write off debt issuance costs and a charge of US$2.0 million for issuance costs related to debt extinguishment caused by the early December payment in the 2017 statements of comprehensive income (see Note 19).
~~No letters of credit were issued and there are no guarantees provided for the credit facility as of December 31, 2017.~~
~~Restrictive Covenants -~~
The senior unsecured credit facility contains certain financial ratios that the Company must comply with on a quarterly basis, including a total net debt to EBITDA ratio and an interest coverage ratio, which are defined by the agreement. As of December 31, 2017, the Company entered into an amendment to the senior unsecured credit facility, which extends the maturity and increased the outstanding amount by US$225 million. After the amendment, the balance of the total credit facility was US$1.5 billion. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had repaid US$670 million (US$470 million as of December 31, 2018).
The credit facility calls for amortization in four installments, with 15% of the total facility due on December 31, 2020 (fully repaid as of December 31, 2019), 15% due on June 30, 2021 (fully repaid as of December 31, 2019), 35% due on December 31, 2021 (US$305 million after the March 2019 repayment) and 35% due on June 19, 2022 (US$525 million).
Interest on the credit facility is based on the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus a spread (currently 1.9%) based on the Company´s total net debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) ratio, as defined in the agreement.
During the year 2019, the Company recognized charges of US$1.3 million (US$1.9 million during the year 2018 and US$2.0 million during the year 2017) for issuance costs related to debt extinguishment caused by the early March 2019 in the statements of comprehensive income (see Note 18).
No letters of credit were issued and there are no guarantees provided for the credit facility as of December 31, 2019.
Restrictive Covenants -
The senior unsecured credit facility contains certain financial ratios that the Company must comply with on a quarterly basis, including a total net debt to EBITDA ratio and an interest coverage ratio, which are defined by the agreement. As of December 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all of its covenants.

~~(b)~~ In December 2014, the Company entered into shareholder loan agreements with, or affiliates of, FMC, Buenaventura and Sumitomo. During 2017, the Company repaid the outstanding balances of the shareholders loans, partly with proceeds from the amended senior unsecured credit facility discussed above.
~~F-201~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements(continued)~~
Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)

(d) Following is the movement of the changes derived from the financing activities for the year ended December 31, ~~2017:~~2019 and 2018:
January 01, 2018 Additions Payments Others December 31, 2018 IFRS 16 adoption Additions Payments Others December 31, 2019
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Current:
Leases, see Note 10 (a) - - - - - 8,119 464 (10,479 ) 10,751 8,855

Non-current:
Senior unsecured credit facility 1,280,000 - (250,000 ) - 1,030,000 - - (200,000 ) - 830,000
Debt issuance cost (11,512 ) - - 4,322 (7,190 ) - - - 3,066 (4,124 )
Leases, see Note 10 (a) - - - - - 87,609 86 - (10,751 ) 76,944

Total liabilities from financing activities 1,268,488 - (250,000 ) 4,322 1,022,810 95,728 550 (210,479 ) 3,066 911,675

Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)

January 01,
2017
Net Cash Flow Others December 31,
2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Current:
Leases 161 (161 ) - -

Non-current:
Senior unsecured credit facility 1,400,000 (120,000 ) - 1,280,000
Shareholder loans 606,014 (606,014 ) - -
Debt issuance cost (10,171 ) (12,085 ) 10,744 (11,512 )

1,995,843 (738,099 ) 10,744 1,268,488

Total liabilities from financing activities 1,996,004 (738,260 ) 10,744 1,268,488
~~Following is the movement of the changes derived from the financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2016:~~

January 01,
2016
Net Cash Flow Others
December 31,
2016

US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Current:
Promissory notes 43,000 (43,000 ) - -
Leases 330 (169 ) - 161
43,330 (43,169 ) - 161

Non-current:
Senior unsecured credit facility 1,800,000 (400,000 ) - 1,400,000
Shareholder loans 600,907 - 5,107 606,014
Debt issuance cost (19,072 ) - 8,901 (10,171 )
2,381,835 (400,000 ) 14,008 1,995,843

Total liabilities from financing activities 2,425,165 (443,169 ) 14,008 1,996,004
~~Following is the movement of the changes derived from the financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2015:~~

January 01,
2015
Net Cash Flow Others
December 31,
2015

US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Current:
Promissory notes 50,000 (7,000 ) - 43,000
Leases 493 (163 ) - 330
50,493 (7,163 ) - 43,330

Non-current:
Senior unsecured credit facility 425,000 1,375,000 - 1,800,000
Shareholder loans - 600,000 907 600,907
Debt issuance cost (22,643 ) (2,356 ) 5,927 (19,072 )
402,357 1,972,644 6,831 2,381,835

Total liabilities from financing activities 452,850 1,965,481 6,831 2,425,165
~~F-202~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements(continued)~~
11. Provisions
This item is made up as follows:

~~12.~~ ~~Provisions~~
~~This item is made up as follows:~~
December 31,
2017 December 31,
2016 December 31,
2019 December 31,
2018
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Current:
Provisions related to services and freight not invoiced 14,513 11,231
Services and freight not invoiced (a) 27,945 11,823
Provision for social commitments ~~(a)~~(b) 2,767 11,722 7,677 1,815
Provision for remediation and mine closure (c) 241 -
Provision for legal contingencies 1,232 1,505 - 1,719
Provision for remediation and mine closure (b) 690 -

Total current 19,202 24,458 35,863 15,357

Non–current:
Provision for remediation and mine closure (b) 156,169 153,313
Provision for royalties and mining tax (c) 148,530 -
Provision for interest (d) 18,270 -
Provision for remediation and mine closure (c) 195,659 131,888
Royalties and mining tax (d) 62,797 191,299
Other long-term liabilities (e) 15,889 7,249 12,117 11,033
Provision for social commitments (a) 8,229 4,060

Provision for legal contingencies (e) 4,800 -
Provision for social commitments (b) 3,046 8,111

Total non-current 347,087 164,622 278,419 342,331

(a) ~~The provision for social commitments as of December 31, 2017, is associated with an irrigation project in La Joya (US$5.5 million) and repaving Alata-Congata Road (US$5.5 million).~~
~~(b)~~ The Company’s mineral exploitation activities are subject to environmental protection standards. In order to comply with these standards, the Company has obtained the approval for the Environment Adequacy Program (PAMA) and for the Environmental Impact Studies (EIA), required for the operation of Cerro Verde’s production unit.
On October 14, 2003, Law N° 28090 was enacted, which regulates the commitments and procedures that entities involved in mining activities must follow in order to prepare, file and implement a mine site closing plan, as well as the respective environmental guarantees that assure compliance with the plan in accordance with protection, conservation and restoration of the environment. On August 15, 2005, the regulations regarding this law were approved.
During 2006, in compliance with the mentioned law, the Company completed the closure plans for its mine site, and presented it to the Ministry of Energy and Mines. On October 5, 2009, the Ministry of Energy and Mines issued Resolution No 302-2009 MEM-AAA, approving the Company’s mine closure plan. As of December 31, ~~2017, pursuant~~2019, primarily represents the provision for services and freights not invoiced (US$20.9 million) and penalties related to ~~legal requirements,~~land rights with INGEMMET (Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico), (US$7.0 million).
(b) The provision for social commitments as of December 31, 2019, is associated with repaving Alata-Congata Road (US$6.3 million) and an irrigation project in La Joya (US$4.4 million).
(c) The Company’s mineral exploitation activities are subject to environmental protection standards. In order to comply with these standards, the Company has ~~issued letters~~obtained the approval for the Environment Adequacy Program (PAMA) and for the Environmental Impact Studies (EIA), required for the operation of ~~credit to the Ministry of Energy and Mines totaling US$35.5~~Cerro Verde’s production unit.
On October 14, 2003, Law N° 28090 was enacted, which regulates the commitments and procedures that entities involved in mining activities must follow in order to prepare, file and implement a mine site closing plan, as well as the respective environmental guarantees that assure compliance with the plan in accordance with protection, conservation and restoration of the environment. On August 15, 2005, the regulations regarding this law were approved.
During 2006, in compliance with the mentioned law, the Company completed the closure plans for its mine site, and presented it to the Ministry of Energy and Mines.

Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)
The closure plans for its mine site was approved by Resolution No 302-2009 MEM-AAM and its modifications were approved by Resolution No 207-2012 MEM-AAM, Resolution No 186-2014 MEM-DGAAM and its last modification, Resolution No 032-2018 MEM-DGAAM. As of December 31, 2019, pursuant to legal requirements, the Company has issued a letter of credit to the Ministry of Energy and Mines totaling US$51.0 million to secure mine closure plans.
The provision for remediation and mine closure costs is based on studies prepared by independent consultants and based on current environmental regulations. This provision corresponds mainly to the activities to be performed in order to restore the areas affected by mining activities. The main tasks to be performed include ground removal, soil recovery, and dismantling of plant and equipment.
The table below presents the changes in the provision for remediation and mine closure:
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Beginning balance 131,888 156,859 153,313
Accretion expense 4,048 4,322 4,595
Changes in estimates, Note 7 41,130 (32,017 ) (3,710 )
Additions, Note 7 18,834 2,724 2,661

Final balance 195,900 131,888 156,859
As of December 31, 2019, the Company’s provision for remediation and mine closure was US$195.9 million (reflecting the future value of the provision for remediation and mine closure of US$374.4 million, discounted using an annual risk-free rate of 2.28%). As of December 31, 2018, the Company’s provision for remediation and mine closure was US$131.9 million (reflecting the future value of the provision for remediation and mine closure of US$374.4 million, discounted using an annual risk-free rate of 2.99%). As of December 31, 2017, the Company’s provision for remediation and mine closure was US $156.9 million (reflecting the future value of the provision for remediation and mine closure of US $374.4 million, discounted using an annual risk-free rate of 2.73%) The Company considers this liability sufficient to meet the current environmental protection laws approved by the Ministry of Energy and Mines (MEM).
As of December 31, 2019, changes in estimates (US$41.1 million) are mainly due to changes in the escalation ratio.

The estimate of remediation and mine closure costs is based on studies prepared by independent consultants and based on current environmental regulations. This provision corresponds mainly to the activities to be performed in order to restore the areas affected by mining activities. The main tasks to be performed include ground removal, soil recovery, and dismantling of plant and equipment.
~~The table below presents the changes in the provision for remediation and mine closure:~~
2017 2016
US$(000) US$(000)

Beginning balance 153,313 161,270
Accretion expense 4,595 4,391
Changes in estimates, note 8 (3,710 ) (16,091 )
Additions, note 8 2,661 3,743

Final balance 156,859 153,313
(d) As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, represents the ~~Company’s provision~~non-current portion of net assets tax (ITAN) for ~~remediation~~the years 2010 and ~~mine closure was US$156.9 million (reflecting the future value of the provision for remediation and mine closure~~2011 of US$~~374.4~~12.1 million ~~discounted using an annual risk-free rate~~and interest and penalties associated with (i) income tax related to disputed mining royalties for the year 2010 of ~~2.73%). As~~US$42.1 million, (ii) ITAN for the years 2010 and 2011 of ~~December 31, 2016,~~US$6.7 million and (iii) SRF for the ~~Company’s provision for remediation and mine closure was US $153.3 million (reflecting the future value~~year 2013 of the provision for remediation and mine closure of US $368.8 million, discounted using an annual risk-free rate of 2.97%). The Company considers this liability sufficient to meet the current environmental protection laws approved by the Ministry of Energy and Mines (MEM).
~~F-203~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements(continued)~~
~~As of December 31, 2017, changes in estimates (US$3.7 million) are mainly due to changes in the escalation ratio.~~
~~(c)~~ Represents the non-current portion of disputed mining royalties for the period December 2006 through September 2011 of US$127.5 million, net asset tax (ITAN) for the years 2010, 2011 and 2013 of US$19.6 million, penalties of royalties for the period December 2006 to 2008 of US$1.4 million (see Note 18(a)).
~~(d)~~ ~~Represent the non-current portion of interest and interest on penalties associated with the installment program of mining royalties for the period December 2006 through the year 2008 (see Note 14(d)).~~
~~(e)~~ ~~Represents prior year SUNAT assessments related to income and non-income tax contingencies in which the Company expects to obtain an unfavorable result of US$11.4~~US$1.9 million.

~~13.~~ ~~Shareholders’ equity, net~~

Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)

~~(a)~~ ~~Capital stock -~~
~~As of December 31, 2017, the authorized, subscribed and paid-up capital in accordance with the Company’s by-laws and its related modifications was 350,056,012 common shares.~~
As of December 31, 2018, represents the non-current portion of net assets tax (ITAN) for the years 2010, 2011 and 2013 of US$19.6 million and interest and penalties of (i) disputed mining royalties for the period October 2011 through December 2013 of US$70.0 million, (ii) special mining tax for the year 2011 through the year 2013 of US$50.8 million, (iii) income tax related to disputed mining royalties for the year 2010 of US$41.1 million and (iv) ITAN for the years 2010, 2011 and 2013 of US$9.8 million.

According to the July 11, 2003, Shareholders Agreement, the nominal value of the shares was denominated in US dollars in an amount of US$0.54 per share. As a consequence of the capitalization of restricted earnings associated with tax benefits (reinvestment credits), in December 2009, the nominal value of the shares was increased to US$2.83 per share.
(e) The ~~quoted price of these shares was US$29.70 per share~~provision for legal contingencies as of December 31, ~~2017 (US$19.11 per share as~~2019 is associated with OSINERGMIN and SUNAFIL (National Superintendence of ~~December 31, 2016).~~
~~As of December 31, 2017,~~Labor Inspection) fines, which have been impugned by the ~~Company’s capital stock structure is as follows:~~
Percentage of individual interest in capital Number of shareholders Total percentage interest

Up to 1.00 2,835 4.37
From 1.01 to 20.00 2 21.07
From 20.01 to 30.00 1 21.00
From 30.01 to 60.00 1 53.56

2,839 100.00
~~F-204~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements(continued)~~
~~(b)~~ ~~Other capital reserves -~~Company.

12. Shareholders’ equity, net
(a) Capital stock -
As of December 31, 2019, the authorized, subscribed and paid-up capital in accordance with the Company’s by-laws and its related modifications was 350,056,012 common shares.
According to the July 11, 2003, Shareholders Agreement, the nominal value of the shares was denominated in US dollars in an amount of US$0.54 per share. As a consequence of the capitalization of restricted earnings associated with tax benefits (reinvestment credits), in December 2009, the nominal value of the shares was increased to US$2.83 per share.
The quoted price of these shares was US$19.3 per share as of December 31, 2019 (US$20.80 per share as of December 31, 2018).
As of December 31, 2019, the Company’s capital stock structure is as follows:
Percentage of individual interest in capital Number of shareholders Total percentage interest

Up to 1.00 2,829 4.38
From 1.01 to 20.00 2 21.06
From 20.01 to 30.00 1 21.00
From 30.01 to 60.00 1 53.56

2,833 100.00

Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)
(b) Other capital reserves -
Other capital reserves includes the Company’s legal reserve, which is in accordance with the Peruvian Companies Act, and is created through the transfer of 10% of the earnings for the year up to a maximum of 20% of the paid-in capital. The legal reserve must be used to compensate for losses in the absence of non-distributed earnings or non-restricted reserves, and transfers made to compensate for losses must be replaced with future earnings. This legal reserve may also be used to increase capital stock but the balance must be restored from future earnings.
(c) Dividend Distribution -
Dividends paid to shareholders, other than domiciled legal entities, are subject to retention of income tax. On December 10, 2016, Legislative Decree 1261 was enacted reducing the withholding tax rate to 5.0% beginning January 1, 2017.

~~(c)~~ ~~Dividend Distribution -~~
Dividends paid to shareholders, other than domiciled legal entities, are subject to retention of income tax. On December 10, 2016, Legislative Decree 1261 was enacted reducing the withholding tax rate to 5.0% beginning January 1, 2017 (6.8% for the year 2016 under prior law 30296)
At the annual mandatory shareholders meeting held on March 29, 2019, shareholders approved a US$150 million dividend payment (US$0.428503 per common share). The total amount of these dividends was applied against retained earnings. This dividend was paid on April 30, 2019, and complied with the withholding tax rules (4.1%). ~~For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the Company did not pay dividends.~~

~~14.~~
At the annual mandatory shareholders meeting held on March 23, 2018, shareholders approved a US$200 million dividend payment (US$0.571337 per common share). The total amount of these dividends was applied against retained earnings. This dividend was paid on April 24, 2018, and complied with the withholding tax rules (4.1%).
13. Tax situation
(a) On February 13, 1998, the Company signed an Agreement of Guarantees and Measures to Promote Investments with the Government of Peru, under the Peruvian General Mining Law (the 1998 Stability Agreement). Upon approval of the 1998 Stability Agreement, the Company was subject to the tax, administrative and exchange regulations in force at May 6, 1996, for a period of 15 years, beginning January 1, 1999, and ending December 31, 2013.
~~On July 17, 2012, the Company signed a new~~ Agreement of Guarantees and Measures to Promote Investments with the Government of Peru, under the Peruvian General Mining ~~Law.~~Law (the 1998 Stability Agreement). Upon approval of ~~this stability agreement,~~the 1998 Stability Agreement, the Company ~~became~~was subject to the tax, administrative and exchange regulations in force at ~~July 17, 2012,~~May 6, 1996, for a period of 15 years, beginning January 1, ~~2014,~~1999, and ending December 31, 2013.
On July 17, 2012, the Company signed a new Agreement of Guarantees and Measures to Promote Investments with the Government of Peru, under the Peruvian General Mining Law. Upon approval of this stability agreement, the Company became subject to the tax, administrative and exchange regulations in force at July 17, 2012, for a period of 15 years, beginning January 1, 2014, and ending December 31, 2028.

(b) Under its current 15-year tax stability agreement, the Peruvian income tax rate applicable to the Company is 32%. As of ~~December 31, 2017, prepayments of income tax, which the Company expects to be used to offset future income tax provisions or will be refunded by SUNAT, totaled US$4.2 million (see Note 7).~~
~~For the year ended~~ December 31, ~~2017,~~2019, prepayments of income tax, which the Company ~~recognized current~~expects to be used to offset future income tax ~~expense of~~provisions or will be refunded by SUNAT, totaled US$655.1 million (including US$102.6 million of special mining tax, US$110.7 million of mining royalties and US$10.9 million for the SRF), and a deferred income tax credit of US$(169.1) million, resulting in total income tax expense of US$486.0 million that has been included in the statements of comprehensive income. These amounts include the effect of the mining royalties recognition (see Note 14(d)).
~~F-205~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements(continued)~~
For the year ended December 31, 2017, the disputed mining royalties and special mining taxes for prior years included in current income tax expense totals US$245.9 million (including US$69 million of disputed mining royalties, US$61.7 million of special mining tax, US$5.9 million for the SRF and US$109.3 million for income tax expense), and a deferred income tax credit of US$(241.7)128.1 million (see Note ~~14(d))~~6).
For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized current income tax expense of US$181.1 million (including US$14.9 million of special mining tax, US$22.9 million of mining royalties and US$2.2 million for the SRF), and a deferred income tax expense of US$82.0 million, resulting in total income tax expense of US$263.1
For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized current income tax expense of US$156.5 million (including US$28.4 million of mining royalties, US$18.6 million of special mining tax and US$1.8 million for the SRF), and a deferred income tax expense of US$141.6 million, resulting in total income tax expense of US$298.1 million that has been included in the statements of comprehensive income.

For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recognized current income tax expense of US$263.0 million (including US$34.9 million of mining royalties and US$1.5 million for the SRF partially offset by a credit of US$(28.2) million of special mining tax), and a deferred income tax expense of US$62.2 million, resulting in total income tax expense of US$325.2 million that has been included in the statements of comprehensive income.
For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized current income tax expense of US$655.1 million (including US$102.6 million of special mining tax, US$110.7 million of mining royalties and US$10.9 million for the SRF), and a deferred income tax credit of US$(169.1) million, resulting in total income tax expense of US$486.0 million that has been included in the statements of comprehensive.

Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)
(c) SUNAT has the right to examine, and if necessary, amend the Company’s income tax return for the last four years. The Company’s income tax for the years 2012 through 2016 and VAT from December 2013 through December 2017 are open to examination by the tax authorities. To date, SUNAT has concluded its review of the Company’s income tax and VAT exams through the year 2011, and the Company is in the claim and appeal process for the years 2003 through 2010. The Company has filed a claim for the year 2011.
Due to the many possible interpretations of current legislation, it is not possible to determine whether or not future reviews (including reviews of years pending examination) will result in additional tax liabilities for the Company. If management determines it is more likely than not that additional taxes are payable, these amounts, including any related interest and penalties, will be charged to expense in that period. In management’s and its legal advisors’ opinions, any possible tax settlement is not expected to be material to the financial statements.
~~(d)~~ ~~Royalties and special mining taxes –~~
~~On June 23, 2004, Law N° 28528 was approved, which requires the holder of a mineral concession to pay a royalty in~~ return for the ~~exploitation of metallic and non-metallic minerals.~~last four years. The royalty is calculated using rates ranging from 1% to 3% of the value of concentrate or its equivalent according to the international price of the commodity published by the Ministry of Energy and Mines. As described in Note 14(a), prior to January 1, 2014, the Company determined that these royalties were not applicable because it operated under the 1998 Stability Agreement with the Peruvian government. However, beginning January 1, 2014, the Company began paying royalties calculated on operatingCompany’s income ~~with rates between 1% to 12% and a new special mining~~ tax for its entire production base under its current 15-year stability agreement, which became effective January 1, 2014. See Note 14(b) for a summary of amounts recognized by the Company for special mining tax and mining royalties for the years ~~ended December 31, 2017~~2013 through 2018 are open to examination by the tax authorities. To date, SUNAT has concluded its review of the Company’s income tax and ~~2016.~~VAT exams through the year 2012, and the Company is in the claim and/or appeal process for the years 2003 through 2012.
Due to the many possible interpretations of current legislation, it is not possible to determine whether or not future reviews (including reviews of years pending examination) will result in additional tax liabilities for the Company. If management determines it is more likely than not that additional taxes are payable, these amounts, including any related interest and penalties, will be charged to expense in that period. In management’s and its legal advisors’ opinions, any possible tax settlement is not expected to be material to the financial statements.

~~SUNAT has assessed~~
(d) Royalties and special mining ~~royalties on materials processed by the Company´s concentrator, which commenced operations in late 2006. These assessments cover the period December 2006 to December 2011.~~taxes –
On June 23, 2004, Law 28528 was approved, which requires the holder of a mineral concession to pay a royalty in return for the exploitation of metallic and non-metallic minerals. The royalty is calculated using rates ranging from 1% to 3% of the value of concentrate or its equivalent according to the international price of the commodity published by the Ministry of Energy and Mines. As described in Note 13(a), prior to January 1, 2014, the Company determined that these royalties were not applicable because it operated under the 1998 Stability Agreement with the Peruvian government. However, beginning January 1, 2014, the Company began paying royalties calculated on operating income with rates between 1% to 12% and a new special mining tax for its entire production basis under its current 15-year stability agreement, which became effective January 1, 2014. See Note 13(b) for a summary of amounts recognized by the Company for special mining tax and mining royalties for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

~~F-206~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements(continued)~~
Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)
SUNAT assessed mining royalties on materials processed by the Company´s concentrator, which commenced operations in late 2006. These assessments cover the period December 2006 to December 2013. The Company contested each of these assessments because it believes that its 1998 stability agreement exempts from royalties all minerals extracted from its mining concession, irrespective of the method used for processing such minerals. No assessments can be issued for years after 2013, as the Company began paying royalties on all of its production in January 2014 under its new 15-year stability agreement.
On October 29, 2019, the Company completed the payments of disputed assessments related to mining royalties for the period December 2006 to December 2008 that were under an installment program since 2014, Under that installment program, the Company made payments totaling S/711.1 million (US$221.9 million based on the date of payment exchange rate and US$214.4 million based on the December 31, 2019, exchange rate).
With respect to the judiciary appeal related to disputed royalty assessments for the year 2006-2007, on August 9, 2017, the Company filed a cassation appeal before the Supreme Court against the resolution issued by the Seventh Contentious Administrative Court, which was admitted in December 2017. The oral hearing before the Supreme Court took place on November 20, 2018 and their decision is pending.
In September 2018, the Peruvian Tax Tribunal confirmed SUNAT’s resolution that ordered the payment of royalties and denied the Company’s request to waive penalties and interest for the period January 2009 through September 2011. The Company elected not to appeal the Tax Tribunal’s decision to the Peruvian Judiciary and in early 2020, the Company initiated international arbitration.
In October 2018, SUNAT notified the Company demands for payments based on the Tax Tribunal’s decisions for the period January 2009 to September 2011. The Company requested, and was granted two installment payment programs, including a six-month deferral and66 equal monthly payments for each one, for the period January 2009 through September 2011. Total debt as of December 31, 2019 is S/1.0 billion(approximately US$314.1 million based on the December 31, 2019, exchange rate, including deferred interest, interest and penalties of US$202.8 million).As of December 31, 2019, the Company has made payments totaling S/315.1 million (US$94.7 million based on the date of payment exchange rate and US$95.0 million based on the December 31, 2019, exchange rate).
On January 18, 2018, the Company received assessments from SUNAT related to mining royalties for the fourth quarter of 2011, on February 15, 2018, the Company appealed these assessments and SUNAT issued resolutions denying this appeal. On November 21, 2018, the Company appealed SUNAT’s resolution to the Tax Court. On December 4, 2019, the Company received a resolution denying the appeal of assessments for the fourth quarter of 2011. On December 18, 2019, SUNAT notified the Company of its demands for payment and on December 26, 2019, the Company paid the total debt of S/57.6 million (US$17.3 million based on the date of payment exchange rate and US$17.4 million based on the December 31, 2019, exchange rate). Also, on January 18, 2018, the Company received assessments from SUNAT related to special mining tax from the fourth quarter of 2011 to the fourth quarter of 2012. The Company appealed these assessments and SUNAT issued resolutions denying this appeal. Consequently, the Company appealed these assessments to the Tax Court which was also denied the appeal in July 2019.The Company then requested, and was granted an installment payment program, including a six-month deferral and66 equal monthly payments, for the fourth quarter of 2011 through the fourth quarter of 2012. Total debt as of December 31, 2019, is S/255.8 million(approximately US$77.1 million based on theDecember 31, 2019, exchange rate, including deferred interest, interest and penalties of US$40.5 million).Payments for this installment program will start in the first quarter of 2020.

Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)
On April 18, 2018, the Company received assessments from SUNAT related to mining royalties for the year 2012. On May 17, 2018, the Company appealed these assessments. On January 23, 2019, the Company received a resolution issued by SUNAT denying the appeal of assessments for the year 2012. The Company decided not to appeal these resolutions.The Company requested, and was granted an installment payment program, including a six-month deferral and66 equal monthly payments, for the year 2012. Total debt as of December 31, 2019, is S/266.1 million(approximately US$80.2 million based on theDecember31, 2019, exchange rate, including deferred interest, interest and penalties of US$45.7 million). The Company has made payments totaling S/65.7 million (US$19.5 million based on the date of payment exchange rate and US$19.8 million based on the December 31, 2019, exchange rate).
On October 10, 2018, the Company received assessments from SUNAT related to mining royalties and special mining tax for the year 2013. On November 7, 2018, the Company appealed these assessments. On May 28, 2019, the Company received resolutions issued by SUNAT denying the appeal of these assessments for the year 2013. The Company decided not to appeal these resolutions. The Company requested, and was granted two installment payment programs, including a six-month deferral and 66 equal monthly payments for each one, for the year 2013. As of December 31, 2019, the amount of these assessments, including interest and penalties for mining royalties for the year 2013 is S/183.9 million (approximately US$55.4 million based on the December 31, 2019, exchange rate including interest and penalties of US$29.5 million) and for the special mining tax for the year 2013 is S/151.0 million (approximately US$45.5 million based on the December 31, 2019, exchange rate including interest and penalties of US$22.1 million). Payments for these installment programs will start in the first quarter of 2020.
In December 2017, as a result of the unfavorable Supreme Court decision on the 2008 royalty matter, the Company requested the return of the amounts that would have been in excess for FONAVI (National Housing Fund) (December 2012 to December 2013), GEM (fourth quarter 2011 until the fourth quarter 2012) and customs duties (2013).

Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)

~~SUNAT issued resolutions denying the claims made by the Company~~
(e) Other assessments received from December 2006 through December 2009. The Company appealed this decision to Tax Court. On June 20, 2013, the Peruvian Tax Tribunal issued two decisions reaffirming assessments for the period December 2006 through December 2008. Decisions by the Tax Court ended the administrative stage of the appeal proceduresSUNAT
The Company has also received assessments from SUNAT for additional taxes (other than the mining royalty and special mining tax explained in 13(d) above), including penalties and interest. The Company has filed objections to the assessments because it believes it has properly determined and paid its taxes. A summary of these assessments follows:
Year Taxes Penalty and interest Total
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

2003 – 2005 8,857 39,196 48,053
2006 10,990 51,943 62,933
2007 12,376 17,845 30,221
2008 20,797 12,968 33,765
2009 56,388 51,219 107,607
2010 62,581 107,324 169,905
2011 49,055 65,189 114,244
2012 51,981 11,257 63,238
2014 –2019 38,975 - 38,975

312,000 356,941 668,941
As of December 31, 2019, the Company has paid US$396.5 million of which US$186.6 million is included in “other non-financial assets, non-current” (see Note 6) in the statements of financial position for these disputed tax assessments.

On September 18, 2013, the Company filed two administrative demands in the court system. In connection with demands for the periods December 2006 to December 2007, the Twentieth Tax and Customs Specialized Contentious Administrative Court of Lima dismissed this claim. On May 2, 2016, Cerro Verde appealed this decision. The Seventh Contentious Administrative Court dismissed this claim in July 2017. On August 9, 2017, the Company appealed the decision to the Supreme Court.
With respect to the judiciary appeal related to the assessment for the year 2008, on December 17, 2014, the Eighteenth Contentious Administrative Court rendered its decision upholding the Company’s position and nullifying SUNAT’s assessment and the Tax Tribunal´s resolution (S/106.4 million). The Court’s position also invalidates all penalties and interest assessed by SUNAT for that period (S/139.7 million). In December 2014, SUNAT appealed this decision. On January 29, 2016, the Sixth Superior Justice Court nullified the decision of the Eighteenth Contentious Administrative Court. On February 23, 2016, the Company appealed the decision to the Supreme Court. On October 6, 2017, the Supreme Court issued a ruling in favor of SUNAT that the assessments of mining royalties for the year 2008 on ore processed by the Cerro Verde concentrator were proper under Peruvian law.
On October 1, 2013, SUNAT served the Company a demand for payment totaling S/492 million (approximately US$151.5 million based on the December 31, 2017 exchange rate, including interest and penalties of US$89.2 million) based on the Tax Tribunal’s decisions for the period December 2006 to December 2008. As permitted by law, the Company requested, and was granted, an installment payment program that deferred payment for six months and thereafter satisfies the amount via 66 equal monthly payments.
(f) As of December 31, ~~2017,~~2019 and 2018, the Company has issued letters of credit to secure tax obligations amounting to S/1,643.9 million (equivalent to US$495.6 million) and S/1,137.4 million (equivalent to US$336.6 million), respectively, which are primarily related to royalty matter.

Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)
(g) The Company recognizes the effect of temporary differences between the accounting base for financial reporting purposes and the tax base. The composition of this item is made ~~payments totaling S/459.7 million (US$145.9~~up as follows:
December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
Deferred income tax
Asset
Royalty accrual 84,546 109,505 127,475
Provision for remediation and mine closure 17,309 15,131 12,083
Embedded derivatives for price adjustment of copper concentrate and cathode (10,742 ) 6,050 -
Unpaid vacations 6,618 5,937 5,293
Provision for mining taxes 3,737 4,120 8,742
SUNAT Assessments - 4,055 4,077
Cost of net asset for the construction of the tailing dam 1,191 2,638 2,007
Development costs 72 122 183
Leases net assets (2,454 ) -
Other provisions 10,276 10,450 4,240
110,553 158,008 164,100
Liability
Property, plant and equipment depreciation 429,466 337,642 261,434
Stripping activity asset 33,660 27,464 22,014
Difference in valuation of inventories 14,885 16,605 16,264
Debt issuance costs 933 1,894 2,663
Lease liabilities (2,860 ) - -
Price adjustment of copper concentrate and cathode - - 25,840
476,084 383,605 328,215
Deferred liabilities, net 365,531 225,597 164,115
Supplementary retirement fund
Deferred liability 4,258 2,651 1,890

Total deferred income tax liability, net 369,789 228,248 166,005

Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)
Reconciliation of the income tax rate -
For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the income tax expense recorded differs from the result of applying the legal rate to the Company’s profit before income tax, as detailed below:
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Profit before income tax 688,451 444,880 835,924
Income tax rate 32 % 32 % 32 %
Expected income tax expense 220,304 142,362 267,496
Non - deductible expenses 28,181 25,352 25,217
Royalty case - 143,728 (12,029 )
Uncertain tax positions - IFRIC 23 20,767 - -
Special mining tax and mining royalties (15,660 ) (25,165 ) (21,704 )
Special mining burden (GEM) - (22,334 ) -
Income tax rate change effect on deferred taxes for change in Peruvian tax law once the current Stability Contract expires (from 32% to 31.18%) (2,746 ) (1,958 ) (1,632 )
Income tax true – ups (10,255 ) (10,312 ) 10,210
Others 7,620 4,896 (4,125 )
Current and deferred income tax charges to results 248,211 256,569 263,433
Mining taxes charged to results 48,036 65,055 213,280
Supplementary retirement fund charged to results 1,827 3,546 9,330

298,074 325,170 486,043

Effective income tax 43.30 % 73.09 % 58.14 %

Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)
Income tax -
The income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 is shown below:
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Income tax
Current 107,666 254,767 430,974
Deferred 139,934 61,483 (167,541 )
247,600 316,250 263,433
Mining taxes
Current mining royalty and special mining tax 47,032 6,661 213,280

Supplementary retirement fund
Current 1,835 1,499 10,897
Deferred 1,607 760 (1,567 )
3,442 2,259 9,330

Income tax expense reported in the statements of comprehensive income 298,074 325,170 486,043
14. Sales of goods
(a) This item is made up as follows:
For the year ended
December 31, 2019 For the year ended
December 31, 2018 For the year ended December 31, 2017
Pounds
(000) US$(000) Pounds
(000) US$(000) Pounds
(000) US$(000)

Copper in concentrate 912,974 2,294,249 962,113 2,458,088 979,243 2,702,508
Copper cathode 88,875 244,277 86,346 251,908 84,679 241,725
Other (primarily silver and molybdenum concentrate) 358,368 351,934 267,033
Subtotal Sales 2,896,894 3,061,930 3,211,266
Less: Royalty contributions (see Note 2(k)) (6,828 ) (7,904 ) (8,335 )

Total net sales 2,890,066 3,054,026 3,202,931

Notes to the Financial Statements(continue)
Sales to related parties totaled US$2.7 billion for the year ended December 31, 2019 (US$2.9 billion for the year ended December 31, 2018 and US$3.0 billion for the year ended December 31, 2017).
As described in Note 2(d), the Company’s copper sales are provisionally priced at shipment. Adjustments to the provisional prices are recognized as gains and losses in sales of goods through the month of settlement. Adjustments to provisional priced copper and molybdenum sales resulted in an increase to net sales of goods totaling US$56.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, and a decrease of US$88.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2018.
(b) The following table shows net sales by geographic region based on the ~~date~~final destination port:
For the year ended December 31, 2019 For the year ended December 31, 2018 For the year ended December 31, 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Asia 2,374,350 2,404,530 2,416,826
North America 265,599 295,448 287,174
South America (primarily Peru) 168,077 136,400 193,174
Europe 77,716 209,894 314,092
Central America 11,152 15,658 -
2,896,894 3,061,930 3,211,266
Less: Royalty contributions (see Note 2(k)) (6,828 ) (7,904 ) (8,335 )

Total net sales 2,890,066 3,054,026 3,202,931
(c) Concentration of ~~payment exchange rate and US$141.7 million based on December 31, 2017 exchange rates) under the installment program.~~sales -
For the year ended December 31, 2019 92% of the Company’s sales were to related entities (FMC, Sumitomo Metal Mining Company and Climax Molybdenum). For the years ended December 31,2018 and 2017 94% of the Company's sales were to these related entities, respectively.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

~~In July 2013, a hearing on SUNAT’s assessment for 2009 was held, but no decision has been issued by the Tax Tribunal for that year. As~~
15. Cost of ~~December 31, 2017, the amount~~sales
This item is made up as follows:
For the year ended
December 31, 2019 For the year ended
December 31, 2018 For the year ended
December 31, 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Materials and supplies 693,292 693,316 556,022
Depreciation and amortization 523,512 512,298 456,467
Labor (a) 285,081 357,692 286,058
Energy 228,853 254,243 229,272
Third parties services 181,215 159,514 144,829
Depreciation for right-of-use assets (see Note 7 and 10(a)) 11,488 - -
Variable lease payments, low-value and short-term leases (see Note 10(a)) 7,069 - -
Management Fees 2,923 2,743 2,867
Change in finished goods inventory (2,290 ) (5,723 ) 2,060
Change in work in process inventory (23,427 ) (8,513 ) 51,412
Other costs 47,033 45,402 39,251

1,954,749 2,010,972 1,768,238
(a) Labor includes an expense of ~~the assessment, including interest and penalties,~~US$32.2 million related to profit sharing for the year ~~2009 was S/289.2 million (approximately US$89.1 million based on the~~ended December 31, ~~2017 exchange rate, including interest and penalties of US$56.2 million).~~
~~F-207~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements(continued)~~
In April 2016, the Company received assessments from SUNAT for the year 2010 and for January to September 2011. On May 11, 2016, the Company appealed these assessments. On March 1, 2017, SUNAT issued resolutions denying the claims made by the Company. On March 22, 2017, the Company appealed this decision to the Tax Court. As of December 31, 2017, the amount of assessments from SUNAT including interest and penalties for the year 2010 and from January to September 2011 is S/586.5 million (approximately US$180.7 million based on the December 31, 2017, exchange rate, including interest and penalties of US$99.9 million).
On January 18, 2018, the Company received assessments from SUNAT related to mining royalties for the fourth quarter 2011. The Company plans to appeal these assessments. As of December 31, 2017, the amount of the assessments from SUNAT including interest and penalties for the fourth quarter 2011 is S/49.8 million (approximately US$15.3 million based on the December 31, 2017, exchange rate, including interest and penalties of US$7.8 million).
~~As a result of the unfavorable Supreme Court decision on the 2008 royalty matter, the Company recorded net charges totaling US$393~~2019 (US$60.2 million for the year ended December 31, ~~2017, associated with disputed royalty assessments~~2018 and potential royalty and related assessments for the period December 2006 through the year 2013. These charges are included in “other operating expenses” (Note 18), “financial expenses” (Note 19) and “income tax expense” (Note 14(b)) in the statements of comprehensive income.
The Company intends to seek a waiver available under Peruvian law of penalties and interest associated with this matter and has not recorded charges for potential unpaid penalties and interest totaling US$~~385 million at December 31, 2017.~~
In December 2017, as a result of the unfavorable Supreme Court decision on the 2008 royalty matter, the Company requested the return of the amounts that would have been paid in excess for the GEM (September 2012 to December 2013), FONAVI (National Housing Fund) (December 2012 to December 2013) and customs duties (2013).
~~The Company acted in good faith in applying the provisions of its 1998 Stability Agreement and continues to evaluate alternatives to defend its rights.~~
~~F-208~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements(continued)~~
~~(e)~~ ~~Other assessments received from SUNAT~~
The Company has also received assessments from SUNAT for additional taxes (other than the mining royalty explained in 14(d) above), including penalties and interest. The Company has filed or will file objections to the assessments because it believes it has properly determined and paid its taxes. A summary of these assessments follows:
Year Taxes Penalty and interest Total
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

2003 – 2005 15,909 54,053 69,962
2006 6,545 59,454 65,999
2007 12,376 17,809 30,185
2008 20,797 12,968 33,765
2009 58,495 49,112 107,607
2010 65,997 107,139 173,136
2011 49,055 63,931 112,986
2014 –2017 23,450 - 23,450
252,624 364,466 617,090
~~(f)~~ As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company has issued letters of credit to secure tax obligations amounting to S/280.8 million (equivalent to US$86.5 million) and S/387.5 million (equivalent to US$115.3 million), respectively, of which S/266.3 million (equivalent to US$82.1 million) and S/372.2 million (equivalent to US$110.8 million) are related to mining royalties for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
~~(g)~~ ~~The Company recognizes the effect of temporary differences between the accounting base for financial reporting purposes and the tax base. The composition of this item is made up as follows:~~
December 31,
2017 December 31,
2016 December 31,
2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Income tax
Asset
Royalty accrual 127,475 - -
Provision for remediation and mine closure 12,083 9,180 5,638
Provision for mining taxes 8,742 4,003 1,505
Unpaid vacations 5,293 4,055 2,515
SUNAT Assessments 4,077 - -
Cost of net asset for the construction of the tailing dam 2,007 2,321 1,682
Development costs 183 228 332
Price adjustment of copper concentrates and cathode - - 7,849
Other provisions 4,240 5,248 4,750

164,100 25,035 24,271

Liability
Difference in depreciation method 261,434 283,882 245,670
Price adjustment of copper concentrate and cathode 25,840 24,128 -
~~F-209~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements(continued)~~
December 31,
2017 December 31,
2016 December 31,
2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Stripping activity asset 22,014 23,594 17,820
Difference in valuation of inventories 16,264 25,087 10,997
Debt issuance costs 2,663 - -

328,215 356,691 274,487
Deferred liabilities, net 164,115 331,656 250,216

Supplementary retirement fund
Deferred liability 1,890 3,458 2,937

Total deferred income tax liability, net 166,005 335,114 253,153
~~Reconciliation of the income tax rate -~~
~~For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the income tax expense recorded differs from the result of applying the legal rate to the Company’s profit before income tax, as detailed below:~~
2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Profit before income tax 835,924 603,989 79,530
Income tax rate 32 % 32 % 32 %

Expected income tax expense 267,496 193,276 25,450
Non - deductible expenses 25,217 27,788 19,534
Royalty case (12,029 ) - -
Special mining tax and mining royalties (21,704 ) (12,084 ) (4,672 )
Income tax rate change effect on deferred taxes for change in Peruvian tax law once the current Stability Contract expires (from 32% to 31.35%) (1,632 ) 13,850 -
Income tax true – ups 10,210 1,677 (6,082 )
Others (4,125 ) (1,913 ) (3,047 )

Current and deferred income tax charges to results 263,433 222,594 31,183
Mining taxes charged to results 213,280 37,763 14,599
Supplementary retirement fund charged to results 9,330 2,725 464

486,043 263,082 46,246

Effective income tax 58.14 % 43.56 % 58.15 %
~~F-210~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements(continued)~~
~~Income tax -~~
~~The income tax expenses (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 is shown below:~~
2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Income tax
Current 430,974 141,153 (832 )
Deferred (167,541 ) 81,441 32,015

263,433 222,594 31,183

Mining taxes
Current mining royalty and special mining tax 213,280 37,763 14,599

Supplementary retirement fund
Current 10,897 2,205 54
Deferred (1,567 ) 520 410

9,330 2,725 464

Income tax expense reported in the statements of comprehensive income 486,043 263,082 46,246
~~F-211~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements(continued)~~
~~15.~~ ~~Sales of goods~~
~~(a)~~ ~~This item is made up as follows:~~
For the year ended
December 31, 2017 For the year ended
December 31, 2016 For the year ended
December 31, 2015
Pounds(000) US$(000) Pounds(000) US$(000) Pounds(000) US$(000)

Copper in concentrate 979,243 2,702,508 995,386 1,967,052 440,071 794,197
Copper cathode 84,679 241,725 109,128 247,431 104,279 259,830
Other (primarily silver and molybdenum concentrate) 267,033 176,357 65,343

Subtotal Sales 3,211,266 2,390,840 1,119,370
Less: Royalty contributions (see Note 2(k)) (8,335 ) (6,686 ) (3,753 )

Total net sales 3,202,931 2,384,154 1,115,617
~~Sales to related parties totaled US$3.0 billion for the year ended December 31, 2017 (US$2.3 billion for the year ended December 31, 2016 and US$0.9 billion for the year ended December 31, 2015).~~
As described in Note 2(d), the Company’s copper sales are provisionally priced at shipment. Adjustments to the provisional prices are recognized as gains and losses in sales of goods through the month of settlement. Adjustments to provisional priced copper and molybdenum sales resulted in an increase to net sales of goods totaling US$1.386.4 million for the year ended December 31, ~~2017, and an increase of US$86.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 and an increase of US$7.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2015.~~
~~(b)~~ ~~The following table shows net sales by geographic region based on the final destination port:~~
For the year ended
December 31, 2017 For the year ended
December 31, 2016 For the year ended
December 31, 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Asia 2,416,826 1,865,346 770,272
Europe 314,092 161,844 65,648
North America 287,174 213,002 79,244
South America (primarily Peru) 193,174 150,648 204,206
3,211,266 2,390,840 1,119,370
Less: Royalty contributions (see Note 2(k)) (8,335 ) (6,686 ) (3,753 )

Total net sales 3,202,931 2,384,154 1,115,617
~~(c)~~ ~~Concentration of sales -~~2017).

In compliance with corporate policies, the Company recognizes administrative costs directly to cost of production (approximately U$32 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, US$30.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 and US$34.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017). The effect of this policy is immaterial to the financial statements as a whole.
16. Selling Expenses
This item is made up of as follows:
For the year ended
December 31, 2019 For the year ended
December 31, 2018 For the year ended
December 31, 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Concentrate freight 98,933 126,670 131,528
Commissions 5,588 6,048 6,029
Cathode freight 1,890 1,831 1,665
Other 3,072 2,459 2,447

109,483 137,008 141,669
F-251
Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
17. Other operating expenses
This item is made up as follows:
For the year ended
December 31, 2019 For the year ended
December 31, 2018 For the year ended
December 31, 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Optimization and prefeasibility/feasibility studies (a) 14,919 450 -
Fines and penalties (b) 14,183 - -
Tax contingencies (c) 6,119 10,711
Other expenses 2,895 2,434 15,028
Royalties, ITAN and penalties (d) - 55,088 243,798

38,116 68,683 258,826
(a) For the year ended December 31, ~~2017, 94%~~2019, represents charges related to projects for the optimization of the Company’s ~~sales were~~operating processes.
(b) Primarily represents land rights penalties with INGEMMET (US$6.8 million), SUNAT penalties related to 2012 income tax audit (US$4.7 million) and OSINERGMIN fines (US$2.7 million).
(c) Primarily represents non-income tax contingencies related ~~entities (FMC, Sumitomo Metal Mining Company~~to SUNAT assessments for prior years.
(d) Primarily represents penalties for income tax related to disputed mining royalties for the year 2006 through the year 2011 of US$33.8 million, penalties on disputed mining royalties for the period January 2009 through December 2013 of US$17.7 million and ~~Climax Molybdenum).~~ profit sharing adjustments related to GEM refund of US$3.6 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2017, represents disputed royalties for the period December 2006 through September 2011 of US$174.8 million, ITAN for the years 2009 to 2013 of US$33.6 million, profit sharing adjustments related to mining royalties of US$29.2 million and penalties on disputed royalties for the period December 2006 through the year 2008 of US$6.2 million. Disputed royalties and special mining taxes for the period October 2011 through the year 2013 were recognized in “income tax expense” in the statements of comprehensive income.
F-252
Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
18. Financial expenses
This item is made up as follows:
For the year ended
December 31, 2019 For the year ended
December 31, 2018 For the year ended
December 31, 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Interest on mining royalties (a) 68,107 370,159 144,815
Interest on senior unsecured credit facility ( see Note 10(b)) 39,083 49,551 44,678
Interest for leases (see Note 10(a)) 5,242 - -
Other financial expenses 4,882 6,492 10,934
Amortization debt issuance cost 1,768 2,419 4,479
Extinguishment debt - debt issuance cost (see Note 10(b)) 1,299 1,902 6,266
Interest on shareholder loans - - 7,992
Capitalized Interest (4,504 ) (3,790 ) (2,252 )

115,877 426,733 216,912
(a) For the year ended December 31, ~~2016~~2019, primarily represents charges of interest related to the installment payment programs for SMT for the period October 2011 through December 2013 and ~~2015, 95%~~disputed mining royalties for the period December 2006 through September 2011 and ~~80%, respectively,~~for the years 2012 and 2013 of US$53.6 million. Amount also includes interest associated with (i) ITAN for the ~~Company’s sales were~~years 2010, 2011 and 2013 of US$10.4 million, (ii) other taxes related to ~~these related entities.~~disputed mining royalty of US$2.9 million and (iii) disputed mining royalties for the period October 2011 through December 2011 of US$1.2 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2018, represents (i) interest and interest on penalties associated to disputed mining royalties for the year 2009 through the year 2013 of US$218.7 million, (ii) income tax related to disputed mining royalties for the year 2006 through the year 2011 of US$75.7 million, (iii) SMT for the year 2011 through the year 2013 of US$51.0 million, (iv) ITAN for the years 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2013 of US$12.1 million, (v) interest paid on the royalty installment payment program for the year 2006 through the year 2008 of US$6.1 million, (vi) deferral interest related to the new royalty installment payment programs for the period January 2009 through the period September 2011 of US$5.3 million and (vii) interest of amended tax return for the year 2013 for GEM refund of US$1.3 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2017, represents financial expenses related to interest on royalties, interest paid on the royalty installment payment program and interest on royalty penalties for the period December 2006 through the year 2008 of US$141.7 million and interest on ITAN 2012 of US$3.1 million.
F-253
Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

~~F-212~~
19. Financial Income
This item is made up as follows:
For the year ended
December 31, 2019 For the year ended
December 31, 2018 For the year ended
December 31, 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Special Mining Burden (GEM) (a) - 18,574 -
Other financial income 10,356 9,515 5,350

10,356 28,089 5,350

~~Notes~~
(a) Represents interest related to the ~~Financial Statements(continued)~~
~~16.~~ ~~Cost of sales~~GEM refund from the period October 2012 through December 2013.

~~This item is made up as follows:~~
For the year ended
December 31, 2017 For the year ended
December 31, 2016 For the year ended
December 31, 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Materials and supplies 556,022 496,918
364,234

Depreciation and amortization 456,467 472,997
244,477

Labor (a) 286,058 215,839
146,395

Energy 229,272 229,035
118,019

Third parties services 144,829 100,897
95,087

Change in work in process inventory 51,412 (3,789 )
(118,327
)
Management Fees 2,867 2,793
3,565

Change in finished goods inventory 2,060 (3,951 )
467

Other costs 39,251 42,301
8,087

1,768,238 1,553,040
862,004

~~(a)~~ Labor includes an expense of US$86.4 million related to profit sharing for the year ended December 31, 2017 (US$36.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 and credit of US$1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2015).
In compliance with corporate policies, the Company recognizes administrative costs directly to cost of production (approximately U$34.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, and US$23.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 and US$19.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015). The effect of this policy is immaterial to the financial statements as a whole.
~~17.~~ ~~Selling Expenses~~
~~This item is made up of as follows:~~
For the year ended
December 31, 2017 For the year ended
December 31, 2016 For the year ended
December 31, 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Concentrate freight 131,528 122,431
51,842

Commissions 6,029 5,989
2,729

Cathode freight 1,665 2,148
1,644

Other 2,447 823 -
141,669 131,391
56,215

~~F-213~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements(continued)~~
~~18.~~ ~~Other operating expenses~~
~~This item is made up as follows:~~
For the year ended
December 31, 2017 For the year ended
December 31, 2016 For the year ended
December 31, 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Royalties, net of asset tax (ITAN) and penalties (a) 243,798 - -
Other expenses 15,028 24,107
26,739

258,826 24,107
26,739

~~(a)~~ Represents disputed royalties for the period December 2006 through September 2011 of US$174.8 million, net asset tax (ITAN) for the years 2009 to 2013 of US$33.6 million, profit sharing adjustments related to mining royalties of US$29.2 and penalties on disputed royalties for the period December 2006 through the year 2008 of US$6.2 million. Disputed royalties and special mining taxes for the period October 2011 through the year 2013 are recognized in “income tax expense” in the statements of comprehensive income (see Note 14(b)).
20. Earnings per share

~~19.~~ ~~Financial expenses~~
Basic and diluted earnings per share are calculated by dividing earnings by the weighted-average number of outstanding shares during the period. Basic and diluted earnings per common share have been determined as follows:
For the year ended
December 31, 2019 For the year ended
December 31, 2018 For the year ended
December 31, 2017
US$ US$ US$

Profit for the period (US$) 390,377,000 119,710,000 349,881,000
Weighted average number of share outstanding (Note 12(a)) 350,056,012 350,056,012 350,056,012
Basic and diluted earnings per share (US$) 1.115 0.342 1.000

~~This item is made up as follows:~~
For the year ended
December 31, 2017 For the year ended
December 31, 2016 For the year ended
December 31, 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Interest on mining royalties (a) 144,815 - -
Interest on senior unsecured credit facility (Note 11(a)) 44,678 51,155
35,255

Other financial expenses (b) 10,934 1,880
7,366

Interest on shareholder loans (Note 11(b)) 7,992 19,836
1,181

Extinguishment debt - debt issuance cost 6,266 - -
Amortization debt issuance cost 4,479 8,901 5,927
Capitalized Interest (2,252 ) (1,334 )
(33,719
)
216,912 80,438
16,010

~~(a)~~ Represents financial expenses related to interest on royalties, interest paid on the royalty installment payment program and interest on royalty penalties for the period December 2006 through the year 2008 of US$141.7 million and interest on ITAN 2012 of US$3.1 million (see Note 14(d)).
21. Financial risk management

~~(b)~~ Primarily represents interest and interest on penalties on income and non-income tax contingencies related to SUNAT assessments for prior years in which the Company expects to obtain an unfavorable result.
The Company’s activities are exposed to different financial risks. The main risks that could adversely affect the Company’s financial assets and liabilities or future cash flows are: the risk arising from changes in market prices of minerals, interest rate risk, credit risk and capital risk. The Company’s financial risk management program focuses on mitigating potential adverse effects on its financial performance.

~~20.~~ ~~Earnings per share~~
Management knows the conditions prevailing in the market and based on its knowledge and experience, manages the risks that are summarized below. The Company’s Board of Directors reviews and approves the policies to manage each of these risks:
Basic and diluted earnings per share are calculated by dividing earnings by the weighted-average number of outstanding shares during the period. Basic and diluted earnings per common share have been determined as follows:
For the year ended
December 31, 2017 For the year ended
December 31, 2016 For the year ended
December 31, 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Profit for the period (US$) 349,881,000 340,907,000
33,284,000

Weighted average number of share outstanding (Note 13(a)) 350,056,012 350,056,012
350,056,012

Basic and diluted earnings per share (US$) 1.000 0.974
0.095

~~F-214~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements~~
Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
~~21.~~ ~~Financial risk management~~
The Company’s activities are exposed to different financial risks. The main risks that could adversely affect the Company’s financial assets and liabilities or future cash flows are: the risk arising from changes in market prices of minerals, interest rate risk, credit risk and capital risk. The Company’s financial risk management program focuses on mitigating potential adverse effects on its financial performance.
Management knows the conditions prevailing in the market and based on its knowledge and experience, manages the risks that are summarized below. The Company’s Board of Directors reviews and approves the policies to manage each of these risks.

(a) Market risk -
Commodity price risk -
The international price of copper has a significant impact on the Company’s operating results. The price of copper has fluctuated historically and is affected by numerous factors beyond the Company’s control. The Company does not hedge its exposure to price fluctuation.

As described in Note 2(d), the Company has price risk through its provisionally priced sales contracts, which provide final pricing in a specified future month (generally three months from the shipment date) based primarily on quoted LME monthly average prices. The Company records revenues and invoices customers at the time of shipment based on then-current LME prices, which results in an embedded derivative on the provisionally priced contract that is adjusted to fair value through revenues each period, using the period-end forward prices, until the date of final pricing. To the extent that final prices are higher or lower than what was recorded on a provisional basis, an increase or decrease to revenues is recorded each reporting period until the date of final pricing (see Note 22).
~~F-215~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements(continued)~~

The table below summarizes the estimated impact on the Company’s profit before income tax for the year 2019, 2018 and 2017 based on a 10% increase or decrease in future copper price while all other variables are held constant. The 10% increase is based on copper prices ranging from US$/pound 2.865 to US$/pound 3.085 (US$/pound 2.974 to US$/pound 2.979 for the year 2018 and US$/pound 3.602 to US$/pound 3.627 for the year 2017), and the 10% decrease is based on copper prices ranging from US$/pound 2.344 to US$/pound 2.524 (US$/pound 2.433 to US$/pound 2.437 for the year 2018 and US$/pound 2.947 to US$/pound 2.967 for the year 2017)).
Effect on profit before
income tax
US$(000)
December 31, 2019
10% increase in future copper prices 99,219
10% decrease in future copper ~~price while all other variables are held constant. The 10% increase is based on copper~~ prices ~~ranging from US$/pound 3.602 to US$/pound 3.627, and the 10% decrease is based on copper prices ranging from US$/pound 2.947 to US$/pound 2.967.~~
~~Effect on profit before~~
~~income tax~~
~~US$(000)~~
~~December 31, 2017~~
~~10% increase in future copper prices~~ ~~83,955~~
~~10% decrease in future copper prices~~ ~~(83,955~~ (99,219 )

~~Exchange rate risk -~~
Effect on profit before
income tax
US$(000)
December 31, 2018
10% increase in future copper prices 72,847
10% decrease in future copper prices (72,847 )
~~As described~~
Effect on profit before
income tax
US$(000)
December 31, 2017
10% increase in ~~Note 2(c), the Company’s financial statements are presented~~future copper prices 83,955
10% decrease in ~~US dollars, which is the functional and presentation currency of the Company. The Company’s exchange-rate risk arises mainly frombalances related to tax payments,~~ deposits and other accounts payable in currencies other than the US dollar, principally Soles. The Company mitigates its exposure to exchange-rate risk by carrying out almost all of its transactions in its functional currency and management maintains only small amounts in Solesfuture copper prices (83,955 )
F-255
Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
Exchange rate risk -
As described in Note 2(c), the Company’s financial statements are presented in US dollars, which is the functional and presentation currency of the Company. The Company’s exchange-rate risk arises mainly frombalances related to tax payments, deposits and other accounts payable in currencies other than the US dollar, principally soles. The Company mitigates its exposure to exchange-rate risk by carrying out almost all of its transactions in its functional currency and management maintains only small amounts in soles to cover its immediate needs (i.e., taxes and compensation) in this currency.

(b) Liquidity risk -
Liquidity risk arises from situations in which cash might not be available to pay obligations at their maturity date and at a reasonable cost. The Company maintains adequate liquidity by properly managing the maturities of assets and liabilities in such a way that allows the Company to maintain a structural liquidity position (cash available) enabling it to meet liquidity requirements. Additionally, the Company has the ability to obtain funds from financial institutions and shareholders to meet its contractual obligations.

~~F-216~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements~~
Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)

The following tables show the expected aging of maturity of the Company’s obligations, excluding taxes and accruals, as of December 31, 2019 and 2018:
On demand Less than
3 months 3 to 12 months 1 to 5 years More than
5 years Total
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)
As of December 31, 2019
Trade accounts payable - 224,675 245 - - 224,920
Accounts payable - related parties - 4,014 - 10,074 - 14,088
Other financial liabilities - 3 8,852 825,877 76,943 911,675
Other accounts payable - 40,357 59,023 72,759 289,705 461,844
Total - 269,049 68,120 908,710 366,648 1,612,527
As of December 31, 2018
Trade accounts payable - 231,080 56 - - 231,136
Accounts payable - related parties - 6,014 - 8,860 - 14,874
Other financial liabilities - - - 1,022,810 - 1,022,810
Other accounts payable - 7,472 93,782 183,824 31,246 316,324
Total - 244,566 93,838 1,215,494 31,246 1,585,144

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
(c) Credit Risk -
The Company’s exposure to credit risk arises from a customer’s inability to pay amounts in full when they are due and the failure of third parties in cash and cash equivalent transactions. The risk is limited to balances deposited in banks and financial institutions and for trade accounts receivable at the date of the statements of financial position (the Company sells copper concentrate and cathode and molybdenum concentrate to companies widely recognized in the worldwide mining sector and collections are made within 30 days after the fulfilment of the contractual terms). To manage this risk, the Company has established a treasury policy, which only allows the deposit of surplus funds in highly rated institutions, by establishing conservative credit policies and through a constant evaluation of market conditions. Consequently, the Company does not expect to incur losses on accounts involving potential credit risk.
(d) Capital management -
The objective is to safeguard the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern in order to provide returns for shareholders, benefits for stakeholders and maintain an optimal structure that would reduce the cost of capital.
The Company manages its capital structure, and makes adjustments to it, in light of changes in economic conditions. To maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Company controls dividend payments to shareholders, the return of capital to shareholders and the issuance of new shares. No changes were made to the objectives, policies or processes during the year ended December 31, 2019.
22. Embedded derivatives
As discussed in Note 2(d), the Company’s sales create exposure to changes in the market prices of copper and molybdenum which are considered embedded derivatives. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, information about the Company’s embedded derivatives is as follows:
As of December 31, 2019
Pounds
payable Maturity Provisional pricing Forward pricing Fair value provision
(000) US$/Pound US$/Pound US$(000)

Copper Concentrate 246,441 January 2020 to May 2020 Between 2.567 and 2.774 Between 2.793 and 2.804 39,727
Copper Cathode 4,410 January 2020 2.791 2.793 9
Molybdenum 5,370 January 2020 to February 2020 Between 7.857 and 9.724 8.025 (3,031 )

36,705 (a)

Notes to the consolidated financial statements(continued)
As of December 31, 2018
Pounds
payable Maturity Provisional pricing Forward pricing Fair value provision
(000) US$/Pound US$/Pound US$(000)

Copper Concentrate 261,530 January 2019 to May 2019 Between 2.675 and 2.834 Between 2.704 and 2.708 (18,848 )
Copper Cathode 7,711 January 2019 2.810 2.704 (824 )
Molybdenum 3,545 January 2019 to February 2019 Between 10.787 and 10.810 10.675 (441 )

(20,113 )(a)
(a) Embedded derivative adjustments are recorded on the statement of financial position in “Trade account receivable – related parties” (US$36.1 million as of December 31, ~~2017~~2019, and ~~2016:~~
On demand Less than 3 months 3 to 12 months 1 to 5 years Total
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

As of December 31, 2017
Trade accounts payable - 194,890 68 - 194,958
Accounts payable - related parties - 5,534 - 8,147 13,681
Other financial liabilities - - - 1,268,488 1,268,488
Provision related to benefits to employees - 64,339 16,406 29,158 109,903
Other accounts payable - 3,374 36,808 - 40,182

Total - 268,137 53,282 1,305,793 1,627,212

As of December 31, 2016
Trade accounts payable - 168,244 113 - 168,357
Accounts payable - related parties - 27,134 - 7,132 34,266
Other financial liabilities - - 161 1,995,843 1,996,004
Provision related to benefits to employees - 3,807 44,232 - 48,039
Other accounts payable - 2,402 1,217 - 3,619

Total - 201,587 45,723 2,002,975 2,250,285
~~F-217~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements(continued)~~
~~(c)~~ ~~Credit Risk -~~
The Company’s exposure to credit risk arises from a customer’s inability to pay amounts in full when they are due and the failure of third parties in cash and cash equivalent transactions. The risk is limited to balances deposited in banks and financial institutions and for trade accounts receivable at the date of the statements of financial position (the Company sells copper concentrate and cathode and molybdenum concentrate to companies widely recognized in the worldwide mining sector). To manage this risk, the Company has established a treasury policy, which only allows the deposit of surplus funds in highly rated institutions, by establishing conservative credit policies and through a constant evaluation of market conditions. Consequently, the Company does not expect to incur losses on accounts involving potential credit risk.
~~(d)~~ ~~Capital management -~~
~~The objective is to safeguard the Company’s ability to continue~~US$(19.3) million as ~~a going concern in order to provide returns for shareholders, benefits for stakeholders and maintain an optimal structure that would reduce the cost of capital.~~
The Company manages its capital structure, and makes adjustments to it, in light of changes in economic conditions. To maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Company controls dividend payments to shareholders, the return of capital to shareholders and the issuance of new shares. No changes were made to the objectives, policies or processes during the year ended December 31, 2017.
~~22.~~ ~~Embedded derivatives~~
~~As discussed in Note 2(d), the Company’s sales create exposure to changes in the market prices of copper and molybdenum which are considered embedded derivatives. As~~ of December 31, ~~2017~~2018) and ~~2016, information about the Company’s embedded derivatives is~~“Trade accounts receivable (net)” (US$0.6 million as ~~follows:~~
As of December 31, 2017
Pounds
payable Maturity Provisional pricing Forward pricing Fair value provision
(000) US$ US$ US$(000)

Copper Concentrate 252,830 January 2018 to May 2018 Between 2.903 and 3.166 Between 3.274 and 3.297 62,870
Copper Cathode 2,756 January 2018 Between 2.970 and 3.246 3.274 179
Molybdenum 3,340 January 2018 to February 2018 Between 7.229 and 7.231 8.950 5,687
68,736
~~F-218~~ of December 31, 2019, and US$(0.8) million as of December 31, 2018).
~~Notes to the Financial Statements(continued)~~
As of December 31, 2016
Pounds
payable Maturity Provisional pricing Forward pricing Fair value provision
(000) US$ US$ US$(000)

Copper Concentrate 344,787 January 2017 to May 2017 Between 2.091 and 2.656 Between 2.507 and 2.512 68,130
Copper Cathode 7,936 January 2017 Between 2.488 and 2.678 2.507 (1,000 )
Molybdenum 3,455 January 2017 to February 2017 Between 5.431 and 5.484 5.542 319
67,449

23. Hierarchy ~~and fair value of financial instruments~~
~~Hierarchy:~~
~~As of December 31,2017 and 2016,~~the only financial assets carried at fair value are embedded derivatives, which are generated by the sale of copper and molybdenum and measured at fair value based on commodity prices. The net value of this embedded derivative as of December 31, 2017, was an asset of US$68.7~~million(asset of US$67.4~~ ~~millionas of December 31, 2016). Embedded derivatives are categorized within Level 2 of the hierarchy.The fair value of embedded derivatives is determined using valuation techniques using information directly observable in the market (forward prices of metals).~~
~~Fair value:~~
~~Financial instruments whose fair value is similar to their book value -~~
For financial assets and liabilities which are liquid or have short-term maturity (less than three months), such as cash and cash equivalent, accounts receivable, other accounts receivable, accounts payable, other accounts payable, and other current liabilities, it is estimated that their book value is similar to their fair value.
~~Financial instruments at fixed and variable rates -~~
Financial assets and liabilities with fixed or variable rates are recorded at amortized cost and fair value is determined by comparing the market interest rates at the time of their initial recognition to the current market rates with regard to similar financial instruments.
~~Based on the foregoing, there are no significant differences between book value~~ and fair value of financial instruments ~~(assets and liabilities) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.~~
Hierarchy:
As of December 31,2019 and 2018,the only financial assets carried at fair value are embedded derivatives, included in trade accounts receivable and related parties,which are generated by the sale of copper and molybdenum and measured at fair value based on commodity prices. The net value of this embedded derivative as of December 31, 2019, was an asset of US$36.7 million(liability of US$20.1 millionas of December 31, 2018). Embedded derivatives are categorized within Level 2 of the hierarchy.The fair value of embedded derivatives is determined using valuation techniques using information directly observable in the market (forward prices of metals).
Fair value:
Financial instruments whose fair value is similar to their book value -
For financial assets and liabilities which are liquid or have short-term maturity (less than three months), such as cash and cash equivalent, accounts receivable, other accounts receivable, accounts payable, other accounts payable, and other current liabilities, it is estimated that their book value is similar to their fair value.
Financial instruments at fixed and variable rates -
Financial assets and liabilities with fixed or variable rates are recorded at amortized cost and fair value is determined by comparing the market interest rates at the time of their initial recognition to the current market rates with regard to similar financial instruments.
Based on the foregoing, there are no significant differences between book value and fair value of financial instruments (assets and liabilities) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.

~~24.~~ ~~Summary of significant differences between accounting principles followed by the Company and U.S. generally accepted accounting principles~~
F-259
The Company’s financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards which differs in certain respects from U.S. GAAP. The effects of these differences are reflected in note 25 and are principally related to the items discussed in the following paragraphs:
~~(a)~~ ~~Stripping Cost – IFRIC 20~~
Under IFRS, the stripping cost of production that is necessary to produce the inventory is recorded as cost of production, while the one that allows access to additional amounts of reserves to be exploited in future periods are capitalized and amortized based on proved and probable reserves of each ore body (component) identified in the open pit.
~~Under U.S. GAAP, the costs of clearing removal (stripping cost of production) incurred during the production stage are recorded as part of the production cost of inventories.~~
~~(b)~~ ~~Inventories~~
~~Under IFRS, the cost of inventory includes: the amortization of production-stripping costs and the inventories are determined using the weighted-average method.~~
~~Under U.S. GAAP, the cost of inventory excludes the amortization of production-stripping cost and the inventories are determined using the LIFO method.~~
~~(c)~~ ~~Deferred workers’ profit sharing~~
Under IFRS, the workers’ profit sharing is calculated based on the Company’s taxable income and is recorded as an employee benefit (cost of production or administrative expense, depending on the function of the workers).
Under US GAAP, the workers’ profit sharing is treated in a similar way as income tax since both are calculated based on the Company’s taxable income. Therefore, the Company calculates a deferred workers’ profit sharing resulting from the taxable and deductible temporary differences.
~~(d)~~ ~~Deferred income tax –~~
The differences between US GAAP and IFRS are re-measurements that lead to different temporary differences. According to the accounting policies in Note 2 (l), the Company has to account for such differences.
~~F-219~~
~~Notes to the Financial Statements(continued)~~
~~25.~~ ~~Reconciliation between net income and shareholders’ equity determined under IFRS and U.S. GAAP~~
The following is a summary of the main adjustments to net income for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 and to shareholders' equity as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 that would be required if U.S. GAAP had been applied instead of IFRS in the financial statements:
2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Net profit under IFRS 349,881 340,907 33,284

Items increasing (decreasing) reported net profit:
Stripping activity asset, net of amortization (77,361 ) 36,252 (45,168 )
Inventories valuation (28,804 ) (19,242 ) 12,573
Asset retirement obligation 862 1,422 379
Deferred workers´ profit sharing 32,349 (19,007 ) (6,225 )
Deferred income tax 24,529 5,013 9,470
Other (25 ) 116 (216 )

Net income under US GAAP 301,431 345,461 4,097
2017 2016 2015
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Shareholders’ equity under IFRS 5,189,162 4,839,281 4,498,374
Items increasing (decreasing) reported shareholder’s equity:
Stripping activity asset, net of amortization (140,435 ) (63,074 ) (99,326 )
Inventories valuation (78,744 ) (49,940 ) (30,698 )
Asset retirement obligation 422 (440 ) (1,862 )
Deferred workers´ profit sharing 5,216 (27,133 ) (8,126 )
Deferred income tax 68,257 43,728 38,715
Other (308 ) (283 ) (399 )

Shareholders’ equity under U.S. GAAP 5,043,570 4,742,139 4,396,678
~~F-220~~

~~Notes to~~
24. Summary of significant differences between accounting principles followed by the ~~Financial Statements(continued)~~Company and U.S. generally accepted accounting principles
The Company’s financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards which differs in certain respects from U.S. GAAP. The effects of these differences are reflected in note 25 and are principally related to the items discussed in the following paragraphs:

(a) Stripping Cost – IFRIC 20
Under IFRS, the stripping cost of production that is necessary to produce the inventory is recorded as cost of production, while the one that allows access to additional amounts of reserves to be exploited in future periods are capitalized and amortized based on proved and probable reserves of each ore body (component) identified in the open pit.
Under U.S. GAAP, the costs of clearing removal (stripping cost of production) incurred during the production stage are recorded as part of the production cost of inventories.
(b) Inventories
Under IFRS, the cost inventory includes: the amortization of production-stripping costs and the inventories are determined using the weighted average method.
Under U.S. GAAP, the cost inventory excludes the amortization of production-stripping cost and the inventories are determined using the LIFO method.
(c) Deferred workers’ profit sharing
Under IFRS, the workers’ profit sharing is calculated based on the Company’s taxable income and is recorded as an employee benefit (cost of production or administrative expense, depending on the function of the workers).
Under US GAAP, the workers’ profit sharing is treated in a similar way as income tax since both are calculated based on the Company’s taxable income. Therefore, the Company calculates a deferred workers’ profit sharing resulting from the taxable and deductible temporary differences.
(d) Deferred income tax –
The differences between US GAAP and IFRS are re-measurements that lead to different temporary differences. According to the accounting policies in Note 2 (l), the Company has to account for such differences.

25. Reconciliation between net income and shareholders' equity determined under IFRS and U.S. GAAP
The following is a summary of the main adjustments to net income for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 and to shareholders' equity as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 that would be required if U.S. GAAP had been applied instead of IFRS in the financial statements:
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Net profit under IFRS 390,377 119,710 349,881

Items increasing (decreasing) reported net profit:
Stripping activity asset, net of amortization (41,508 ) (64,452 ) (77,361 )
Inventories valuation (53,424 ) (29,515 ) (28,804 )
Asset retirement obligation 23 1,351 862
Deferred workers´ profit sharing (23,449 ) (7,079 ) 32,349
Deferred income tax 45,759 33,291 24,529
Other 1,937 (26 ) (25 )

Net income under U.S. GAAP 319,715 53,280 301,431
2019 2018 2017
US$(000) US$(000) US$(000)

Shareholders’ equity under IFRS 5,349,249 5,108,872 5,189,162
Items increasing (decreasing) reported shareholder’s equity:
Stripping activity asset, net of amortization (246,395 ) (204,887 ) (140,435 )
Inventories valuation (161,683 ) (108,259 ) (78,744 )
Asset retirement obligation 1,797 1,773 422
Deferred workers´ profit sharing (25,313 ) (1,863 ) 5,216
Deferred income tax 147,307 101,548 68,257
Other 1,603 (334 ) (308 )

Shareholders’ equity under U.S. GAAP 5,066,565 4,896,850 5,043,570

26. New U.S. GAAP Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued an Accounting Standards Update (ASU) that provides a single comprehensive revenue recognition model, which replaces most existing revenue recognition guidance, and also requires expanded disclosures. The core principle of the model is that revenue is recognized when control of goods or services has been transferred to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company adopted this ASU January 1, 2018, under the modified retrospective approach applied to contracts that remain in force at the adoption date. The Company’s revenue is primarily derived from arrangements in which the transfer of risks and rewards coincides with the fulfillment of performance obligations, and the Company has concluded that the adoption of this ASU does not result in changes to its existing revenue recognition policies or processes, and does not result in any financial statement impacts.
In January 2016, FASB issued an ASU that amends the current guidance on the classification and measurement of financial instruments. This ASU makes limited changes to existing guidance and amends certain disclosure requirements. For public entities, this ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2018, and adoption did not have a material impact on its financial statements.
In February 2016, FASB issued an ASU that will require lessees to recognize most leases on the balance sheet. This ASU allows lessees to make an accounting policy election to not recognize a lease asset and liability for leases with a term of 12 months or less and do not have a purchase option that is expected to be exercised. For public entities, this ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. This ASU must be applied using the modified retrospective approach for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on its financial statements.
In June 2016, FASB issued an ASU that changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments, and will also require expanded disclosures. Under the expected credit loss (CECL) model, entities will be required to recognize an estimate of credit losses expected to occur over the remaining life of the financial assets, including estimating future economic conditions and the effect those conditions have on expected credit losses. For public entities, this ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The provisions of the ASU must be applied as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on its financial statements.
In August 2018, FASB issued an ASU that aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with those for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal use software. For public entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. This ASU must be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on its financial statements.
In August 2018, FASB issued an ASU makes minor changes to the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension and/or other postretirement benefit plans. For public entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. This ASU must be applied on a retrospective basis to all periods presented. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on its financial statements.
In December 2019, FASB issued an ASU that simplifies the accounting for income taxes by eliminating certain exceptions related to the approach for intra-period tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. For public entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted, including adoption in an interim period. This ASU must be applied on a retrospective basis to all periods presented. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on its financial statements.

In November 2016, FASB issued an ASU that amends the classification and presentation of restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows. The amendments require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. For public entities, this ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2018. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.
In March 2017, FASB issued an ASU that changes how entities with a defined benefit pension or other postretirement benefit plans present net periodic benefit cost in the income statement. This ASU requires the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost to be presented in the same income statement line item or items as other compensation costs for those employees who are receiving the retirement benefit. In addition, only the service cost component is eligible for capitalization when applicable (i.e., as a cost of inventory or an internally constructed asset). The other components of net periodic benefit cost are required to be presented separately from the service cost component and outside of operating income. These other components of net periodic benefit cost are not eligible for capitalization, and the income statement line item or items must be disclosed. For public entities, this ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2018. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.
27. Subsequent Event
~~There have been no subsequent significant financial and accounting events subsequent to December 31, 2017, that may affect the interpretation of these financial statements.~~
~~F-221~~
Subsequent to December 31, 2019, the COVID-19 outbreak has had a material impact on the global economy, the scale and duration of which remain uncertain. Depending on the length of time and extent, this could materially impact the Company results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common shares,nominal (par) value of ten Peruvian Soles per share (“Common Shares”)	BVN	New York Stock Exchange Inc.^* Lima Stock Exchange
	BVN
American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) representing one Common Share each	BVN	New York Stock Exchange Inc.^٭

		Page

INTRODUCTION		1

PART I		3

ITEM 1.	Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers	3

ITEM 2.	Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable	3

ITEM 3.	Key Information	3

ITEM 4.	Information on the Company	1922

ITEM 4A.	Unresolved Staff Comments	5556

ITEM 5.	Operating and Financial Review and Prospects	5556

ITEM 6.	Directors, Senior Management and Employees	~~106~~94

ITEM 7.	Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions	~~112~~99

ITEM 8.	Financial Information	~~113~~101

ITEM 9.	The Offer and Listing	~~116~~104

ITEM 10.	Additional Information	~~117~~106

ITEM 11.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	~~127~~118

ITEM 12.	Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities	~~128~~119

PART II		~~129~~121

ITEM 13.	Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies	~~129~~121

ITEM 14.	Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds	~~129~~121

ITEM 15.	Controls and Procedures	~~129~~121

ITEM ~~15A.~~16A.	Audit Committee Financial Expert	~~131~~124

ITEM ~~15B.~~16B.	Code of Ethics	~~131~~124

ITEM ~~15C.~~16C.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	~~131~~124

ITEM ~~15D.~~16D.	Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees	~~131~~124

ITEM ~~15E.~~16E.	Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers	~~131~~125

ITEM ~~15F.~~16F.	Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant	~~132~~125

ITEM ~~15G.~~16G.	Corporate Governance	~~132~~125

ITEM ~~15H.~~16H.	Mine Safety Disclosure	~~132~~125

PART III		~~133~~126

~~ITEM 16.~~	~~Consolidated Financial Statements~~	~~133~~

ITEM 17.	Consolidated Financial Statements	~~133~~126

ITEM 18.	~~Exhibits~~Consolidated Financial Statements	~~133~~126

Year	High⁽²⁾		Low⁽²⁾		Average⁽³⁾		Period end⁽⁴⁾
2015		3.413		2.983		3.187		3.408
2016		3.532		3.244		3.376		3.357
2017		3.392		3.232		3.263		3.245

	High⁽⁵⁾		Low⁽⁵⁾		Average⁽⁶⁾		Period end⁽⁷⁾
2017
October		3.273		3.235		3.252		3.25
November		3.252		3.234		3.242		3.235
December		3.292		3.233		3.248		3.245

2018
January		3.230		3.208		3.217		3.217
February		3.270		3.213		3.250		3.261
March		3.273		3.219		3.253		3.229

	Year Ended December 31,⁽¹⁾
	2016⁽²⁾⁽³⁾		2017⁽²⁾⁽³⁾
Mining Operations:
Ore mined (t)		173,865		130,854
Average gold grade (g/t)		0.12		0.12
Average silver grade (g/t)		606.83		552.71
Average lead grade (%)		1.76		1.47
Average copper grade (%)		0.18		0.15
Production:
Gold (oz.)		246		200
Silver (oz.)		3,264,420		2,249,527
Lead (t)		2,883		1,824
Copper (t)		291		192
Recovery rate (silver) (%)		96.25		96.77
Cost applicable to sales per oz. of silver⁽⁴⁾	US$	11.62	US$	17.12
Cost applicable to sales per ton of lead⁽⁴⁾	US$	1,241	US$	2,543
Cost applicable to sales per ton of copper⁽⁴⁾	US$	2,837	US$	6,318

Sales by metal	Year ended December 31,
	2016			2017			Variation			Variation
	(US$ in thousands)
Gold (a)		440,603			511,434			70,831			16	%
Silver (b)		385,989			409,775			23,786			6	%
Lead (c)		58,690			94,955			36,265			62	%
Zinc (d)		142,425			188,023			45,598			32	%
Copper (e)		224,649			268,527			43,878			20	%
Manganese sulfate		5,982			6,317			335			6	%
Indium		-			66			66			-
		1,258,338			1,479,097			220,759			18	%
Commercial deductions (f)		(244,414	)		(253,939	)		(9,525	)		(4	)%
Adjustments to prior period liquidations		4,611			919			(3,692	)		(80	)%
Embedded derivatives from sale of concentrate		880			8,786			7,906		��	898	%
Hedge operations		(3,745	)		(10,921	)		(7,176	)		(192	)%
Total sales by metal		1,015,670			1,223,942			208,272			21	%

Operating Expenses (Income)	Year ended December 31,
	2016			2017		Variation			Variation
	(US$ in thousands)
Administrative expenses		81,692			83,597		1,905			2	%
Exploration in non-operating areas (a)		26,589			18,262		(8,327	)		(31	)%
Selling expenses (b)		21,733			24,088		2,355			10	%
Impairment loss of long-lived assets (c)		-			21,620		21,620			100	%
Provision for contingences and others (d)		565			13,879		13,314			2,356	%
Write-off of asset stripping activities (e)		-			13,573		13,573			100	%
Other, net (f)		(18,957	)		13,589		32,546			n.a
Total operating expenses		111,622			188,608		76,986			69	%

Other income (expense)	Year ended December 31,
	2016			2017			Variation			Variation
	(US$ in thousands)
Shares in the results of associates under equity method (a)		(365,321	)		13,207			378,528			n.a.
Finance costs (b)		(31,580	)		(34,623	)		(3,043	)		10	%
Finance income (c)		6,830			5,517			(1,313	)		(19	)%
Net gain (loss) from currency exchange difference (d)		2,638			2,928			291			11	%
Total operating expenses		(387,433	)		(12,971	)		374,462			(2,887	)%

Operating expenses – Other Segments	Year ended December 31,
	2016			2017			Variation			Variation
Insurance brokerage segment		(12,245	)		(12,292	)		(47	)		-
Exploration and development mining projects (a)		(12,554	)		(9,126	)		3,428			27	%
Corporate		(7,158	)		(6,410	)		748			10	%
Energy generation and transmission segment (b)		6,953			(3,469	)		(10,422	)		n. a.
Construction and engineering segment		(2,580	)		(2,377	)		203			8	%
Industrial activities		(1,243	)		(1,762	)		(519	)		(42	)%
Holding of investment in shares		(243	)		(413	)		(170	)		(70	)%
Rental of mining concessions		(101	)		(91	)		10			10	%

	Share in equity								Share in equity
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2019		2018		2019		2018
	%		%		US$(000)		US$(000)			%		%		US$(000)		US$(000)

Associates
Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A.		19.584		19.584		1,124,008		1,055,488		19.58		19.58		1,155,359		1,108,284
Minera Yanacocha S.R.L.		45.95		43.65		324,861		402,866		43.65		43.65		230,000		271,036
Compañía Minera Coimolache S.A.		40.095		40.095		86,183		74,734		40.10		40.10		98,426		89,554
														1,483,785		1,468,874
Joint venture (c)														2,627		2,673
Other minor investments						1,835		3,519						1,835		1,835
						1,536,887		1,536,607
														1,488,247		1,473,382

	Balance as of January 1, 2016		Additions		Disposals			Sales			Reclassifications of assets held for sale		Reclassifications and transfers			Balance as of December 31, 2016		Additions		Disposals			Sales			Reclassifications and transfers			Balance as of December 31, 2017		Balance as of January 1, 2018		Additions		Disposals			Sales			Reclassifications and transfers			Balance as of December 31, 2018		Additions		Disposals			Sales			Reclassifications and transfers			Implementation IFRS 16		Balance as of December 31, 2019
	US$(000)		US$(000)		US$(000)			US$(000)					US$(000)			US$(000)		US$(000)		US$(000)			US$(000)			US$(000)			US$(000)			US$(000)		US$(000)		US$(000)			US$(000)			US$(000)			US$(000)		US$(000)		US$(000)			US$(000)			US$(000)			US$(000)		US$(000)

Cost
Cost:
Lands		22,454		162		-			(6	)		78		270			22,958		-		-			-			(268	)		22,690		22,690		783		(462	)		-			(1,250	)		21,761		630		-			(135	)		(4,739	)		-		17,517
Mining concessions		198,009		-		-			-			-		-			198,009		2		-			(15,000	)		(31,138	)		151,873
Mining concessions (f)																																151,873		-		-			-			-			151,873		-		-			-			-			-		151,873
Development costs		541,763		82,865		-			-			31,192		(3,428	)		652,392		69,335		-			(10,107	)		431			712,051		712,051		32,059		(2,656	)		-			1,805			743,259		46,047		(443	)		-			(819	)		-		788,044
Buildings, constructions and other		1,018,956		581		-			(20	)		10,458		79,192			1,109,167		835		(387	)		(28,751	)		198,387			1,279,251		1,279,251		-		(2,837	)		-			66,207			1,342,621		39		(3,559	)		(5,380	)		26,120			-		1,359,841
Machinery and equipment		827,225		46,152		(6,569	)		(2,844	)		9,425		112,643			986,032		2,579		(3,749	)		(50,097	)		(5,742	)		929,023		929,023		-		(182	)		(9,205	)		38,830			958,466		12		(30,235	)		(38,322	)		22,783			-		912,704
Transportation units		10,649		174		(341	)		(396	)		357		(27	)		10,416		11		(190	)		(1,079	)		788			9,946		9,946		42		(138	)		(510	)		1,545			10,885		33		(540	)		(1,856	)		370			-		8,892
Furniture and fixtures		13,429		89		(61	)		(88	)		359		319			14,047		31		(157	)		(487	)		468			13,902		13,902		-		-			(193	)		(403	)		13,306		2		(1,310	)		(1	)		13			-		12,010
Units in transit		26,291		15,797		-			-			-		(12,037	)		30,051		2,822		-			-			(28,124	)		4,749		4,749		11		-			-			(2,078	)		2,682		-		(1	)		-			1,073			-		3,754
Work in progress		68,123		210,915		(352	)		-			1,037		(173,935	)		105,788		173,333		-			(190	)		(177,809	)		101,122		101,122		67,096		(3,450	)		-			(108,106	)		56,662		44,319		(1,168	)		(78	)		(49,370	)		-		50,365
Stripping activity asset (e)		106,838		17,631		-			-			-		(2	)		124,467		18,282		(13,573	)		-			1,271			130,447
Stripping activity asset																																130,447		11,279		-			-			-			141,726		11,545		-			-			819			-		154,090
Right-of-use asset (e)																																-		-		-			-			-			-		3,721		(10,897	)		-			-			18,528		11,352
Mine closure costs		187,603		34,532		-			-			25,754		-			247,889		10,594		-			(17,195	)		-			241,288		241,288		61,239		-			-			(18,365	)		284,162		26,722		-			-			-			-		310,884
		3,021,340		408,898		(7,323	)		(3,354	)		78,660		2,995			3,501,216		277,824		(18,056	)		(122,906	)		(41,736	)		3,596,342		3,596,342		172,509		(9,725	)		(9,908	)		(21,815	)		3,727,403		133,070		(48,153	)		(45,772	)		(3,750	)		18,528		3,781,326
Accumulated depreciation and amortization:
Mining concessions		77,450		16		-			-			-		-			77,466		8		-			(13,845	)		(23,390	)		40,239
Lands																																1,249		-		-			-			(1,249	)		-		-		-			-			-			-		-
Mining concessions (f)																																40,239		10		-			-			-			40,249		10		-			-			-			-		40,259
Development costs		199,211		18,225		-			-			25,596		(1,396	)		241,636		30,886		-			(7,910	)		(241	)		264,371		263,122		35,433		-			-			(2	)		298,553		29,964		-			-			-			-		328,517
Buildings, construction and other		381,441		65,050		-			(9	)		8,598		598			455,678		73,314		(115	)		(28,208	)		6,168			506,837		506,837		84,244		-			-			562			591,643		83,274		(3,391	)		(3,569	)		(638	)		-		667,319
Machinery and equipment		475,941		81,753		(5,378	)		(827	)		6,640		(68	)		558,061		74,744		(2,662	)		(41,595	)		(6,099	)		582,449		582,449		93,722		(177	)		(8,659	)		(1,978	)		665,357		66,020		(28,619	)		(35,459	)		638			-		667,937
Transportation units		7,932		1,103		(250	)		(365	)		358		14			8,792		837		(114	)		(1,057	)		(68	)		8,390		8,390		745		(85	)		(436	)		(15	)		8,599		744		(538	)		(1,779	)		-			-		7,026
Furniture and fixtures		7,577		1,156		(60	)		(22	)		319		202			9,172		1,109		(152	)		(236	)		(13	)		9,880		9,880		644		-			(187	)		(214	)		10,123		653		(1,172	)		-			-			-		9,604
Stripping activity asset		12,916		5,813		-			-			-		-			18,729		16,343		-			-			6,623			41,695		41,695		28,820		-			-			3			70,518		18,405		-			-			-			-		88,923
Right-of-use asset (e)																																-		-		-			-			-			-		7,778		(2,611	)		-			-			-		5,167
Mine closure costs		99,993		22,417		-			-			19,335		(470	)		141,275		25,254		-			(8,408	)		-			158,121		158,121		10,350		-			-			-			168,471		15,373		-			-			-			-		183,844
		1,262,461		195,533		(5,688	)		(1,223	)		60,846		(1,120	)		1,510,809		222,495		(3,043	)		(101,259	)		(17,020	)		1,611,982		1,611,982		253,968		(262	)		(9,282	)		(2,893	)		1,853,513		222,221		(36,331	)		(40,807	)		-			-		1,998,596
Provision for impairment of long-lived assets:
Mine closure costs		4,080		-		-			-			6,910		-			10,990		17,916		-			(8,785	)		-			20,121		20,121		-		(5,693	)		-			(1,221	)		13,207		2,083		-			-			-			-		15,290
Development costs		3,803		-		-			-			5,684		-			9,487		2,864		-			(2,198	)		-			10,153		10,153		-		-			-			-			10,153		-		-			-			-			-		10,153
Mining concessions, development costs, property, plant and other		3,372		-		-			-			6,533		-			9,905		840		-			(6,214	)		-			4,531
Property, plant and other																																4,531		-		(2,837	)		-			1,221			2,915		-		-			-			-			-		2,915
		11,255		-		-			-			19,127		-			30,382		21,620		-			(17,197	)		-			34,805		34,805		-		(8,530	)		-			-			26,275		2,083		-			-			-			-		28,358

Net cost		1,747,624															1,960,025													1,949,555		1,949,555													1,847,615															1,754,372

	2018			2019 - 2022
	US$			US$

Gold		1,300.00	/Oz		1,300.00	/Oz
Silver		17.00	/Oz		18.00	/Oz
Copper		6,000.00	/MT		6,000.00	/MT
Lead		2,250.00	/MT		2,250.00	/MT
Zinc		2,750.00	/MT		2,600.00	/MT

	2020	2021-2025
	US$	US$
Gold	1,500/Oz	1,500/Oz
Silver	17.00/Oz	18.40/Oz
Copper	6,000/MT	6,600/MT
Lead	1,950/MT	2,100/MT
Zinc	2,250/MT	2,300/MT

	~~F-54~~	2019
		US$(000)
Right in use assets
Buildings		4,602
Transportation units		1,112
Machinery and equipment		471

		6,185

	Balance as of January 1, 2016			Addition (reversal)			Balance as of December 31, 2016			Additions			Sales			Balance as of December 31, 2017
	US$(000)			US$(000)			US$(000)			US$(000)			US$(000)			US$(000)

Cost		12,103			(92	)		12,011			157			(11,826	)		342
Accumulated depreciation		(1,384	)		(538	)		(1,922	)		(462	)		2,264			(120	)

Net cost		10,719						10,089									222

	Balance as of January 1, 2018		Additions		Transfers			Balance as of December 31, 2018		Additions		Disposals			Balance as of December 31, 2019
	US$(000)		US$(000)		US$(000)			US$(000)		US$(000)		US$(000)			US$(000)
Cost:
Patents and industrial property (b)		13,680		2,642		(4,599	)		11,723		2,139		-			13,862
Rights-of-use of lands right of way		7,853		4,439		-			12,292		1,319		-			13,611
Software licenses		8,816		1,448		(96	)		10,168		242		(92	)		10,318

		30,349		8,529		(4,695	)		34,183		3,700		(92	)		37,791
Accumulated amortization:
Rights-of-use		5,210		738		-			5,948		1,486		-			7,434
Software licenses		2,378		596		-			2,974		820		(112	)		3,682

		7,588		1,334		-			8,922		2,306		(112	)		11,116

Cost net		22,761							25,261							26,675

	2017		2016		As of January 1, 2019		Changes (additions and deductions)			Accretion expense		Disbursements			As of December 31, 2019
	US$(000)		US$(000)		US$(000)		US$(000)			US$(000)		US$(000)			US$(000)

Provision for closure of mining units and exploration projects (b)		200,183		206,462
Provision for obligations with communities (c)		19,376		4,710
Provision for environmental liabilities		5,534		7,324
Provision for safety contingencies		3,898		2,807
Provision for labor contingencies		2,963		3,395
Closure of mining units and exploration projects (b)						225,877		32,654			10,656		(16,882	)		252,305
Bonus to employees and officers						18,620		15,855			-		(15,249	)		19,226
Environmental liabilities						3,768		3,944			-		(1,407	)		6,305
Safety contingencies						4,877		1,270			-		(942	)		5,205
Labor contingencies						4,042		(258	)		-		(7	)		3,777
Obligations with communities						5,878		1,306			-		(3,675	)		3,509
Board of Directors’ participation						2,108		1,736			-		(2,250	)		1,594
Environmental contingencies						234		1,343			-		(77	)		1,500
Workers’ profit sharing payable		3,569		8,398		1,772		(7	)		-		(1,696	)		69
Board of Directors’ participation		1,273		1,140
Provision for environmental contingencies		1,233		753
Other provisions		3,695		1,703		758		259			-		-			1,017

		241,724		236,692		267,934		58,102			10,656		(42,185	)		294,507

Classification by maturity:
Current portion		76,847		62,502		68,172										72,771
Non-current portion		164,877		174,190		199,762										221,736
						267,934										294,507
		241,724		236,692

	Number of shares			Capital stock			Capital stock			Number of shares			Capital stock			Capital stock
				S/(000)			US$(000)							S/(000)			US$(000)

Common shares		274,889,924			2,748,899			813,162			274,889,924			2,748,899			813,162
Treasury shares		(21,174,734	)		(211,747	)		(62,665	)		(21,174,734	)		(211,747	)		(62,665	)
											253,715,190			2,537,152			750,497
		253,715,190			2,537,152			750,497

Meetings	Date	Dividends paid			Dividend per share		Date		Dividends declared and paid			Dividend per share
									US$(000)			US$

2019 Dividends
Mandatory Annual Shareholders’ Meeting								March 25		16,538			0.06
Less - Dividends of treasury shares										(1,298	)

										15,240

Board of Directors’ Meeting								October 29		7,442			0.03
Less - Dividends of treasury shares										(584	)
										6,858
										22,098

2018 Dividends
Mandatory Annual Shareholders’ Meeting								March 27		8,269			0.03
Less - Dividends of treasury shares										(648	)
										7,621

Board of Directors’ Meeting								October 25		16,538			0.06
Less - Dividends of treasury shares										(1,299	)
										15,239
		US$(000)			US$					22,860

2017 Dividends
Mandatory Annual Shareholders’ Meeting	March 28		15,711			0.056		March 28		15,711			0.06
Less - Dividends of treasury shares			(1,232	)						(1,232	)

			14,479							14,479

Board of Directors’ Meeting	October 27		8,269			0.030		October 27		8,269			0.03
Less - Dividends of treasury shares			(649	)						(649	)
										7,620
			7,620							22,099
			22,099
2016 Dividends
Board of Directors’ Meeting	October 27		8,269			0.030
Less - Dividends of treasury shares			(648	)

			7,621

	Country of incorporation and operation	2017		2016		2015
		%		%		%

Equity interest held by non-controlling interests:
Sociedad Minera El Brocal S.A.A.	Peru		38.58		38.67		45.93
S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca	Peru		40.00		40.00		40.00
Minera La Zanja S.R.L.	Peru		46.94		46.94		46.94

	Sociedad Minera El Brocal S.A.A.			S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca			Minera La Zanja S.R.L.			Apu Coropuna S.R.L.			Other minor			Total
	US$(000)			US$(000)			US$(000)			US$(000)			US$(000)			US$(000)

Current assets		146,865			6,640			134,758			1,440			665			290,368
Non-current assets		645,729			-			55,873			189			30			701,821
Current liabilities		(159,190	)		(2,407	)		(38,807	)		(143	)		(29	)		(200,576	)
Non-current liabilities		(229,709	)		-			(48,201	)		(740	)		(2	)		(278,652	)

Total shareholders’ equity, net		403,695			4,233			103,623			746			664			512,961

Attributable to:
Shareholders of the parent		239,925			2,540			54,981			523			664			298,633
Non-controlling interests		165,032			1,693			48,642			223			-			215,590

		404,957			4,233			103,623			746			664			514,223

	Sociedad Minera El Brocal S.A.A.			S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca			Minera La Zanja S.R.L.			Apu Coropuna S.R.L.			Other minor			Total
	US$(000)			US$(000)			US$(000)			US$(000)			US$(000)			US$(000)

Revenues		322,653			20,739			165,319			-			-			508,711
Cost of sales		(254,390	)		-			(153,230	)		-			-			(407,620	)
Administrative expenses		(13,061	)		(90	)		(2,814	)		(92	)		(24	)		(16,081	)
Sales expenses		(10,914	)		-			(881	)		-			-			(11,795	)
Exploration in non-operating areas		(1,975	)		-			(2,871	)		(680	)		-			(5,526	)
Other operating expense, net		(2,923	)		(1	)		(969	)		(744	)		-			(4,637	)
Provision for contingencies		-			-			(1,370	)		1			-		��	(1,369	)
Impairment loss of long-lived assets		(13,573	)		-			(21,620	)		-			-			(35,193	)
Finance income		179			7			670			-			-			856
Finance costs		(12,017	)		(2	)		(1,918	)		(1	)		-			(13,938	)
Net gain (loss) for exchange difference		310			(41	)		48			1			410			728
Profit (loss) before income tax		14,289			20,612			(19,636	)		(1,515	)		386			14,136
Income tax		(3,903	)		(6,044	)		6,841			-			-			(3,106	)

Net profit (loss)		10,386			14,568			(12,795	)		(1,515	)		386			11,030

Attributable to non-controlling interests		4,246			5,827			(6,006	)		(454	)		(1	)		3,612

Dividends paid to non-controlling interests		-			6,036			-			-			-			6,036

	Sociedad Minera El \| Brocal S.A.A.			S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca			Minera La Zanja S.R.L.			Apu Coropuna S.R.L.			Total			Sociedad Minera El Brocal S.A.A.		Minera La Zanja S.R.L.		S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca		Apu Coropuna S.R.L.
	US$(000)			US$(000)			US$(000)			US$(000)			US$(000)			US$(000)		US$(000)		US$(000)		US$(000)

Year 2019 -
Operating activities		60,525			15,093			139,155			(185	)		214,588		1,545		(908	)	16,040		-
Investing activities		(64,343	)		-			(17,326	)		-			(81,669	)	(28,259	)	(1,629	)	-		-
Financing activities		18,096			(15,090	)		(32,077	)		1,477			(27,594	)	(405	)	(763	)	(16,250	)	1,032
Increase in cash and cash equivalents in the year		14,278			3			89,752			1,292			105,325
																(27,119	)	(3,300	)	(210	)	1,032
Year 2018 -
Operating activities																74,985		10,323		14,066		(572	)
Investing activities																(29,546	)	(13,160	)	-		-
Financing activities																(29,974	)	-		(13,900	)	-
																15,465		(2,837	)	166		(572	)

Entity	Years open to review by the Tax Authorities

Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A.	~~2013-2017~~
~~Bisa Construcción S.A. (absorbed by Buenaventura Ingenieros S.A. in 2015)~~	~~2014-2015~~
~~Buenaventura Ingenieros S.A.~~	~~2013, 2015-2017~~
~~Compañía de Exploraciones, Desarrollo e Inversiones Mineras S.A.C. – CEDIMIN (absorbed by the Company in 2013)~~	~~2013~~2015-2019
Compañía Minera Condesa S.A.	~~2013-2017~~2015-2019
Compañía Minera Colquirrumi S.A.	~~2013-2017~~2015-2019
Consorcio Energético de Huancavelica S.A.	~~2013-2017~~2016-2019
Contacto Corredores de Seguros S.A.	~~2014-2017~~2014-2019
El Molle Verde S.A.C.	~~2013-2017~~2015-2019
Empresa de Generación Huanza S.A.	~~2013, 2015, 2016, 2017~~2015-2019
Inversiones Colquijirca S.A.	~~2013-2017~~2015-2019
Minera La Zanja S.R.L.	~~2014-2017~~2016-2019
Sociedad Minera El Brocal S.A.A.	~~2014-2017~~2014, 2016-2019
S.M.R.L. Chaupiloma Dos de Cajamarca	~~2014-2017~~2015-2019
Procesadora Industrial Río Seco S. A.	~~2014-2017~~2015-2019
Apu Coropuna S.R.L.	~~2013-2017~~2015-2019
Cerro Hablador S. A. C.	~~2013-2017~~2015-2019
Minera Azola S. R. L.	~~2014-2017~~2015-2019

	As of December 2019 and 2018, the tax-loss carryforward determined by the Group amounts to approximately S/1,950,896,000 and S/1,550,156,000, respectively (equivalent to US$588,151,000 and US$458,762,000 respectively). As permitted by the Income Tax Law, the Group has chosen a system that permits to offset these losses with an annual cap equivalent to 50 percent of net future taxable income.
	~~(d)~~
		The Group recognized a deferred income tax asset related to the tax-loss carryforward of those companies where is probable that a carryforward can be used to compensate future taxable profits.

	(d)	Transfer pricing - –
		For purposes of determining the Income Tax, the transfer prices for transactions with related companies and companies domiciled in territories with little or no taxation must be supported with documentation and information on the valuation methods used and the criteria considered for their determination. Tax Administration can request this information based on analysis of the ~~Group's~~Group’s operations. The Group’s Management and its legal advisers believe that, as a result of the application of these standards, no material contingencies will arise for the Group as of December ~~2017~~31, 2019 and ~~2016.~~2018.

	(c)	Performance obligations -
		The performance obligation of the sale of goods is satisfied upon delivery of the goods and payment is generally due within 30 to 90 days from delivery. Performance obligation of services is satisfied over-time and payment is generally due upon completion and acceptance of service.

	In 2019, the three customers with sales of more than 10 percent of total net sales represented 25, 16 and 11 percent from the total net sales of the Group (three customers by 32, 13 and 11 percent during 2018 and three customers by 28, 15 and 10 percent during 2017). As of December 31, 2019, 84 percent of the accounts receivable correspond to these customers (43 percent as of December 31, 2018). These customers are related to the mining business.
	~~21.~~
		The Group’s sales of gold and concentrates are delivered to investment banks and national and international well-known companies. Some of these clients have long-term sales contracts with the Group that guarantee supplying them the production from the Group’s mines.

	(e)	Sales expenses -
		Sales expenses represent 3%, 2% and 2% of the total operating income for the years 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Sales expenses corresponds mainly to transportation services and services and shipping costs. Transportation services represent 58% of the caption for the years 2019, 2018 and 2017. Shipping services and expenses represent 22%, 21% and 8% of the caption for the years 2019, 2018 and 2017.

21.	Cost of sales, without considering depreciation and amortization

22.	~~22.~~	Exploration in operating units

	This caption is made up as follows:

23.	~~25.~~ Mining royalties

	This caption is made up as follows:

	~~26.~~ (b)	~~Finance~~ During 2017 the Group sold to a third party its investment properties located in the El Derby Capital Building, district of Surco.

	(c)	Corresponds to the indemnity for the insurance claim of the rotor 2 of the 20X30 mill motor occurred in May 2017 of the subsidiary El Brocal. The total compensation for lost profits and consequential damages is US$38,793,000, while the associated costs for mitigation, repair and ~~finance revenues~~cost overruns are US$5,058,000, having a net effect on results of US$33,735,000, see note 26. As of December 31 of 2018, El Brocal has received the full amount of compensation from the insurance. As of December 31, 2017 corresponds to the recovery income of the sinister that occurred in the rotor 1 of the 20x30 mill and in the conveyor belt corresponding to the incident that occurred in 2016, for approximately US$4,175,000, and the incurred cost associated amounts to US$2,985,000, resulting in a net effect of US$1,190,000.