UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
 
FORM 20-F
   
o REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OR
   
þ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007
OR
   
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period fromtoOR
   
o SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Date of event requiring this shell company report                    
For the transition period fromto
Commission file number 1-13522
China Yuchai International Limited
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
   
N/A
Not Applicable
Bermuda
(Translation of Registrant’s Name Into English) Bermuda
(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)
16 Raffles Quay #26-00
Hong Leong Building
Singapore 048581
65-6220-8411
(Address and Telephone Number of Principal Executive Offices)
 
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
   
Title of Each Class Name of Each Exchange
on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value US$0.10 per share The New York Stock Exchange
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
(Title of Class)
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:Act
None
(Title of Class)
     Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.
     As of December 31, 2005,2007, 37,267,673 shares of common stock, par value US$0.10 per share, and one special share, par value US$0.10, were issued and outstanding.
     Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yeso                    Noþ
     If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yeso     Noþ
     Note Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.
     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yeso     Noþ
     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filero           Accelerated filerþ           Non-accelerated fileroAccelerated filer þNon-accelerated filer o
     Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
U.S. GAAP þInternational Financial Reporting Standards as issued o
by the International Accounting Standards Board
Other o
     If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. Item 17o     Item 18þ
     If this report is an annual report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yeso     Noþ
(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)
     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.
Yes o                    No o
 
 


 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED
     
  Page Page
1
  2 
     
  2
2
2
2
12
29
29
41
47
50
52
52
64
64 
     
  64 
Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers.  644 
Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable.  644 
Key Information.  644 
Information on the Company.  6518 
Unresolved Staff Comments.  6534 
Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.  6534 
Directors, Senior Management and Employees.  6649 
Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions.  6656
Financial Information.59
The Offer and Listing.60
Additional Information.61
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.71
Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities.73 
     
  66 
Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies.  6674 
Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds.  6674 
Controls and Procedures.  6674
Audit Committee Financial Expert.77
Code of Ethics.77
Principal Accountants Fees and Services.78
Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees.78
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers.78 
     
 68
     
Financial Statements.  69
79 
Financial Statements.79
Exhibits.79
Signatures81
Exhibit Index82
Consolidated Financial Statements  F-1 
 Ex-8.1EX-8.1 Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
 Ex-12.1EX-12.1 Certifications furnished pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
 Ex-13.1EX-13.1 Certifications furnished pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
Ex-14.1 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

i1


Certain Definitions and Supplemental Information
     All references to “China”,“China,” “PRC” and the “State” in this Annual Report are references to the People’s Republic of China. Unless otherwise specified, all references in this Annual Report to “U.S. dollars”, “dollars”,“US dollars,” “dollars,” “US$” or “$” are to United States dollars; all references to “Renminbi” or “Rmb” are to Renminbi, the legal tender currency of China; and all references to “S$” are to Singapore dollars, the legal tender of Singapore. Unless otherwise specified, translation of amounts from Renminbi to U.S. dollars for the convenience of the reader has been made in this Annual Report (i) from Renminbi to US dollars at the rate of Rmb 8.07026.8346 = US$1.00, the rate quoted by the People’s Bank of China, or PBOC, on December 30, 2005.31, 2008 and (ii) from Singapore dollar to US dollars at the rate of S$1.4377 = US$1.00, the noon buying rate in New York for cable transfers payable in foreign currencies as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on December 31, 2008. No representation is made that the Renminbi amounts or Singapore dollar amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S.US dollars at rates specified herein or any other rate.
     TheOur consolidated financial statements of China Yuchai International Limited, its subsidiariesare reported in Renminbi and affiliates are presented in Renminbi. All consolidated financial statements of the Company presented herein have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, (“or US GAAP”).GAAP. Totals presented in this Annual Report may not correctly total due to rounding of numbers. References to a particular fiscal year are to the period ended December 31 of such year.
     As used in this Annual Report, unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “the Company”, “CYI”, “we”, “us”, “our” and “our company” refer to China Yuchai International Limited and its subsidiaries and affiliates.subsidiaries. All references herein to “Yuchai” are to Guangxi Yuchai Machinery Company Limited and its consolidated subsidiaries and affiliates and, prior to its incorporation in July 1992, to the machinery business of its predecessor, Guangxi Yulin Diesel Engine Factory, (“or Yulin Diesel”),Diesel, which was founded in 1951 and became a state-owned enterprise in 1959. In the restructuring of Yulin Diesel in July 1992, its other businesses were transferred to Guangxi Yuchai Machinery Holdings Company, also sometimes referred to as Guangxi Yuchai Machinery Group Company Limited, (the “Stateor the State Holding Company”),Company, which became a shareholder of Yuchai. In addition,All references to “HLGE” are to HL Global Enterprises Limited (formerly known as HLG Enterprise Limited); and all references to the “HLGE group” are to HLGE and its subsidiaries. All references to “TCL” refersare to Thakral Corporation LtdLtd; and “LKN” refersall references to LKN-Primefield Limited, each of whichthe “TCL group” are minority investees of the Company.to TCL and its subsidiaries.
     As of December 31, 2005,2007, 37,267,673 shares of our common stock, par value US$0.10 per share, of the Company (“or Common Stock”),Stock, and one special share, par value US$0.10, of the Companyour Common Stock were issued and outstanding. The weighted average shares of common sharesstock outstanding during the year is 36,459,635.was 37,267,673. Unless otherwise indicated herein, all percentage share amounts with respect to the Company are based on the weighted average number of shares of 36,459,63537,267,673 for 2005.2007. As of December 31, 2008, 37,267,673 shares of our Common Stock, and one special share, par value US$0.10, of our Common Stock were issued and outstanding.
Cautionary Statements with Respect to Forward-Looking Statements
     The Company wishesWe wish to caution readers that the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report, which include all statements which, at the time made, address future results of operations, are based upon the Company’sour interpretation of factors affecting theour business and operations of the Company. The Company believesoperations. We believe that the following important factors, among others, in some cases have affected, and in the future could affect the Company’s actualour consolidated results and could cause the Company’s actualour consolidated results for 2006,2008 and beyond to differ materially from those described in any forward-looking statements made by us or on behalf of, the Company:our behalf:
  political, economic and social conditions in China, including the Chinese government’s specific policies with respect to foreign investment, economic growth, inflation and the availability of credit, particularly to the extent such current or future conditions and policies affect the truck and diesel engine industries and markets in China, the Company’sour diesel engine customers, the demand, sales volume and sales prices for the Company’sour diesel engines and the Company’sour levels of accounts receivable;
the effects of unfavourable economic and market conditions and the current volatility in stock markets around the world adversely impacting the entire financial industry and capital markets resulting in a worldwide economic slowdown, on our business, operating results and growth rates;
 
  the effects of competition in the diesel engine market on the demand, sales volume and sales prices for the Company’sour diesel engines;
 
  the Company’seffects of existing material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting and our ability to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting;
our ability to collect and control itsour levels of accounts receivable;
 
  the Company’sour dependence on the Dongfeng Automobile Company and other major diesel truck manufacturers controlled by or affiliated with the Dongfeng Automobile Company;
 
  the Company’sour ability to successfully manufacture and sell itsour 4108, 4110, 4110Q, 4110ZQ, 4112, 4F, 4G, 6105, 6108, 6112, 6L/6M (formerly referred to as 6113) heavy-duty diesel engines and any new products;

2


  the Company’sour ability to finance itsour working capital and capital expenditure requirements, including obtaining any required external debt or other financing;

1


  the effects of inflation on the Company’sour financial condition and results of operations, including the effects on Yuchai’s costs of raw materials and parts and labor costs;
 
  the Company’sour ability to successfully implement the reorganization agreement which it entered into with Yuchai and Coomber Investments Limited (“Coomber”) on April 7, 2005 (the “Reorganization Agreement”),Reorganization Agreement, as amended by the Cooperation Agreement (both as defined in December 2005, relating to the implementation of the restructuring contemplated in the earlier agreement dated July 19, 2003 between“Item 4. Information on the Company — History and Yuchai with respect toDevelopment — Reorganization Agreement”) (See “Item 4. Information on the Company’s investment in Yuchai (the “July 2003Company — History and Development — Cooperation Agreement”);
 
  the Company’sour ability to control Yuchai and consolidate Yuchai’s financial results;
 
  the effects of China’s political, economic and social conditions on the Company’sour financial condition, results of operations, business or prospects;
 
  the effects of uncertainties in the Chinese legal system, which could limit the legal protectionsprotection available to foreign investors, including with respect to the enforcement of foreign judgments in China;
the effects of adverse economic conditions in consumer spending patterns and its impact on the demand for the TCL group’s consumer electronics products;
the ability of TCL to obtain shareholders and regulatory approvals for, and successfully implement, its announced strategy of repositioning its principal business from consumer electronics distribution to real estate and related infrastructure investment in the pan-Asian region;
the effects of our disagreement with the other major shareholders of TCL over the running of TCL group’s operations and its proposed change in its strategy from consumer electronics to real estate and related infrastructure investment in the pan-Asian region;
the effects of changes to the international, regional and economic climate and market conditions in countries where the HLGE group’s hospitality operations are located, as well as related global economic trends that adversely impact the travel and tourism industries;
the outbreak of communicable diseases, such as the Avian flu, if not contained, and its potential effects on the operations of the HLGE group and its business in the hospitality industry; and
 
  the impact onof terrorism, terrorist events, airline strikes, hostilities between countries or increased risk of natural disasters or viral epidemics that may affect travel patterns and reduce the Company’s businessnumber of travelers and results of operations as a result of China’s membership withtourists to the World Trade Organization (“WTO”).HLGE group’s hospitality operations.
IncorporationOur actual results, performance, or achievement may differ from those expressed in, or implied by, Reference
     Thisthe forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 20-F shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Prospectus, dated March 24, 2004, included in the Registration Statement (File No. 333-111106) on Form F-3Report. Accordingly, we can give no assurances that any of the Companyevents anticipated by these forward-looking statements will transpire or occur or, if any of the foregoing factors or other risks and to be a part thereof from the date on whichuncertainties described elsewhere in this Annual Report is filed,were to occur, what impact they will have on these forward-looking statements, including our results of operations or financial condition. In view of these uncertainties, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. We expressly disclaim any obligation to publicly revise any forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report to reflect the extent it is not superseded by documents or reports subsequently filed or furnished.occurrence of events after the date of this Annual Report.

3


PART I
ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS.
     Not Applicable.
ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE.
     Not Applicable.
ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION.
Selected Financial Data
     The selected financial information set forth below should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and the Company’sour audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in this Annual Report. TheOur consolidated financial statements of the Company are prepared in conformity with US GAAP.
     The Company’s main operating asset isOn May 30, 2008, the Company filed an amendment to its annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2005 containing the restated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2005 to reflect certain adjustments to correct accounting errors mainly at Yuchai for such period.
     We currently own, through six of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, 76.4% of the outstanding shares of Yuchai. Our ownership interest in Yuchai.Yuchai is our main operating asset. As a result, the Company’sour financial condition and results of operations depend primarily upon Yuchai’s financial condition and results of operations, and the implementation of the Reorganization Agreement, with respect toas amended by the restructuringCooperation Agreement.
     Following an announcement in February 2005 by the Board of the Company’s investment in Yuchai, described elsewhere herein (see “Item 4. Information on the Company — Recent Developments” and “Item 8. Financial Information — Legal Proceedings”).
     On February 7, 2005, the board of directorsDirectors of the Company announcedof its approval of the implementation of aour business expansion and diversification plan, by the Company. Pursuant to this plan, the Company haswe have looked for new business opportunities to seek to reduce itsour financial dependence on Yuchai, which has historically been the Company’s main operating asset.
     In March 2005, the Company completed an acquisition of approximately 14.99% of TCL, a China-focused electronics distribution company, for approximately S$30.9 million (approximately $18.9 million, based on an exchange rate of S$1.637 to US$1.00). The Company subsequently increased its minority stake in TCL, and asYuchai. As of December 31, 2005 the Company’s shareholding in TCL was

2


15.99%. The Company has also recently invested in LKN,2007, we had a company primarily engaged34.42% interest in the business of investment holding and hospitality-related businesses, pursuant to the Company’s business expansion and diversification plan.
     In February 2006, the Company acquired debt and equity in LKN for an aggregate consideration of approximately S$131.6 million (approximately $81.2 million, based on an exchange rate of S$1.62 to US$1.00), divided into 191,413,465outstanding ordinary shares representing approximately 29.13% of TCL and a 45.39% interest in the total number ofoutstanding ordinary shares in issue; 123,010,555 redeemable convertible preference sharesof HLGE. As of December 31, 2008, our interest in the capitaloutstanding ordinary shares of LKN;TCL and approximately S$129.4 million (approximately US$79.9 million, based on an exchange rate of S$1.62 to US$1.00) in principal amount of outstanding secured non-convertible bonds issued by LKN.HLGE remained unchanged. For further information on the Company’s investments in TCL and LKN minority investments,HLGE, see “Item 4. Information on the Company5. Operating and Financial Review and ProspectsHistoryBusiness Expansion and Development — Minority Investments”Diversification Plan”.
     The selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 20042006 and 20052007 and the selected consolidated statement of incomeoperations data and selected consolidated statement of cash flow statementflows data of the Company set forth below for the years ended December 31, 2003, 20042005, 2006 and 20052007 are derived from theour audited consolidated financial statements of the Company included in this Annual Report, which have been audited by KPMG, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (the “Consolidated Financial Statements”). TheReport. Our selected consolidated balance sheet data of the Company set forth below as of December 31, 2001, 20022003, 2004 and 20032005 and theselected consolidated statement of incomeoperations data and selected consolidated statement of cash flow statementflows data for the years ended December 31, 20012003 and 20022004 are derived from theour audited consolidated financial statements of the Company, which have been audited by KPMG, but which are not included in this Annual Report.
                         
  As of and for the Year Ended December 31, 
  2001  2002  2003  2004  2005  2005 
  Rmb  Rmb  Rmb  Rmb  Rmb  US$(3) 
  (in thousands) 
Statement of Income Data:                        
Revenues, net  1,783,329   3,513,047   4,569,950   5,582,095   5,829,431   722,340 
                         
Gross profit  599,926   1,141,967   1,377,156   1,575,209   1,302,385   161,382 
Research and development costs  (44,721)  (75,532)  (94,594)  (136,960)  (123,876)  (15,350)
Provision for uncollectible loans to a related party              (205,000)  (25,402)
                         
Operating income  295,115   640,307   721,411   779,929   168,692   20,903 
                         
Income before income taxes and minority interests  269,189   625,450   696,906   753,854   117,242   14,528 
Income tax benefit/(expense)  63,584   (83,242)  (112,924)  (105,165)  (20,875)  (2,587)
                         
Income before minority interests  332,773   542,208   583,982   648,689   96,367   11,941 
Minority interests in income of consolidated subsidiaries  (82,386)  (129,775)  (145,800)  (157,292)  (27,880)  (3,455)
                         
Net income  250,387   412,433   438,182   491,397   68,487   8,486 
Basic and diluted earnings per common share  7.09   11.67   12.40   13.90   1.88   0.23 
Weighted average number of shares  35,340   35,340   35,340   35,340   36,460   36,460 
                         
Balance Sheet Data (at year end):                        
Working capital(1)
  1,100,462   1,340,832   1,031,830   1,402,226   959,401   118,882 
Goodwill  212,636   212,636   212,636   212,636   212,636   26,348 
Total assets  3,262,868   3,985,459   4,033,632   5,384,248   6,613,785   819,532 
                         
  Year ended December 31,
  2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb US$(1)
   
  (in thousands except earnings per share)
                         
Selected Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:
                        
Revenues, net  4,569,950   5,582,095   5,816,740   6,920,528   9,556,303   1,398,224 
Gross profit  1,377,156   1,575,209   1,143,383   1,272,121   1,944,718   284,540 
Research and development costs  (94,594)  (136,960)  (123,793)  (167,653)  (153,146)  (22,407)
Provision for uncollectible loans to a related party        (202,950)         
Operating income  721,411   779,929   26,020   304,479   841,556   123,132 
Other income/(expense), net  (881)  5,682   25,449   38,856   53,554   7,836 
Equity in income/(loss), net of affiliates        (6,032)  (22,449)  14,048   2,055 
Earnings / (loss) before income taxes and minority interests  696,906   753,854   (25,090)  203,395   783,914   114,698 
Income taxes  (112,924)  (105,165)  (10,148)  (30,466)  (68,518)  (10,025)
Income / (loss) before minority interests  583,982   648,689   (35,238)  172,929   715,396   104,673 
Minority interests in (income) / losses of consolidated subsidiaries  (145,800)  (157,292)  2,947   (61,645)  (189,927)  (27,789)
Net income / (loss)  438,182   491,397   (32,291)  111,284   525,469   76,884 
Basic and diluted earnings / (loss) per common share  12.40   13.90   (0.89)  2.99   14.10   2.06 
Weighted average number of shares  35,340   35,340   36,460   37,268   37,268   37,268 
                         
  As of December 31,
  2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb US$(1)
   
  (in thousands)
Selected Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
                   ��    
Working capital(2)
  1,031,830   1,402,226   823,324   457,449   1,028,732   150,518 
Property, plant and equipment, net  735,641   1,158,931   1,440,712   1,795,405   2,158,246   315,782 
Trade accounts and bills receivable, net  849,611   875,565   1,178,853   1,480,918   3,107,785   454,714 
Short-term bank loans  240,000   430,000   812,835   1,009,134   819,164   119,855 
Trade accounts payable  731,966   1,089,717   1,800,443   2,132,798   2,509,962   367,243 

34


                         
  As of and for the Year Ended December 31, 
  2001  2002  2003  2004  2005  2005 
  Rmb  Rmb  Rmb  Rmb  Rmb  US$(3) 
  (in thousands) 
Long-term bank loans, excluding current instalments  180,000   50,000      100,000   50,000   6,196 
Minority interests  420,545   487,491   544,526   724,311   685,514   84,944 
Common stock  30,349   30,349   30,349   30,349   31,945   3,958 
Stockholders’ equity  1,805,045   2,161,903   1,991,687   2,483,084   2,667,041   330,480 
                         
Statement of Cash Flows Data:                        
Net cash provided by operating activities  59,273   659,500   1,075,274   589,608   242,674   30,070 
Capital expenditures(2)
  43,043   174,850   372,775   552,902   515,359   63,860 
Depreciation and amortization  113,680   118,872   125,519   132,789   139,720   17,313 
                         
  As of December 31,
  2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb US$(1)
   
  (in thousands)
Total assets  4,033,632   5,384,248   6,679,630   7,961,357   9,579,184   1,401,572 
Long-term bank loans, excluding current installments     100,000   50,000   675,454   767,929   112,359 
Minority interests  544,526   724,311   654,687   693,296   849,527   124,299 
Total stockholders’ equity  1,991,687   2,483,084   2,566,263   2,728,399   3,294,465   482,027 
                         
  Year ended December 31,
  2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb US$(1)
   
  (in thousands)
Selected Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows Data:
                        
Net cash provided by operating activities  1,075,274   589,608   234,770   634,146   84,554   12,371 
Capital expenditures(3)
  372,775   552,902   515,359   323,781   265,258   38,811 
 
(1) Current assets (including cash) less current liabilities.
(2)Purchase of property, plant and equipment, lease prepayment and payment for construction in progress.
(3)The Company’s functional currency is the U.S. dollar and its reporting currency is Renminbi, and the translationRenminbi. The functional currency of Yuchai is Renminbi. Translation of amounts from Renminbi to U.S.US dollars is solely for the convenience of the reader. Translation of amounts from Renminbi to U.S. dollars has been made at the rate of Rmb 8.07026.8346 = US$1.00, the rate quoted by the People’s Bank of China at the close of business on December 30, 2005.31, 2008. No representation is made that the Renminbi amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars at that rate or at any other rate prevailing on December 30, 200531, 2008 or any other date. The rate quoted by the People’s Bank of China at the close of business on December 31, 2007 was Rmb 7.3046 = US$1.00. The Renminbi has appreciated against the U.S. dollar since December 31, 2007.
(2)Current assets less current liabilities.
(3)Purchase of property, plant and equipment and payment for construction in progress.
Dividends
     Our principal source of cash flow has historically been our share of the dividends, if any, paid to us by Yuchai, as described under “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Liquidity and Capital Resources.”
     In May 1993, in order to finance further expansion, Yuchai sold shares to the Company, or Foreign Shares, and became a Sino-foreign joint stock company.
     Chinese laws and regulations applicable to a Sino-foreign joint stock company require that before Yuchai distributes profits, it must (i) recover losses in previous years; (ii) satisfy all tax liabilities; and (iii) make contributions to the statutory reserve fund in an amount equal to 10% of net income for the year determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the PRC, or PRC GAAP. However, the allocation of statutory reserve fund will not be further required once the accumulated amount of such fund reaches 50.0% of the registered capital of Yuchai.
     Any determination by Yuchai to declare a dividend will be at the discretion of Yuchai’s shareholders and will be dependent upon Yuchai’s financial condition, results of operations and other relevant factors. Yuchai’s Articles of Association provide that dividends shall be paid once a year. To the extent Yuchai has foreign currency available, dividends declared by shareholders at a shareholders’ meeting to be paid to holders of Foreign Shares (currently only us) will be payable in foreign currency, and such shareholders will have priority thereto. If the foreign currency available is insufficient to pay such dividends, such dividends may be payable partly in Renminbi and partly in foreign currency. Dividends allocated to holders of Foreign Shares may be remitted in accordance with the relevant Chinese laws and regulations. In the event that the dividends are distributed in Renminbi, such dividends may be converted into foreign currency and remitted in accordance with the relevant Chinese laws, regulations and policies.
     The following table sets forth a five-year summary of dividends we have paid to our shareholders as well as dividends paid to us by the Company to its shareholders and by Yuchai to the Company, respectively:Yuchai:
     
  Dividend paid by the Company Dividend Paidpaid/declared by Yuchai
  to its shareholders to the Company(1)
Period (per share) (in thousands)
2001US$0.02                                             Rmb 72,284 (US$8,720)
2002US$0.19                                             Rmb 245,766 (US$29,694)(2)
2003 US$2.08 Rmb 61,433 (US$7,422)
2004 US$0.39Nil Rmb 231,309 (US$27,906)(3)(2)
2005 US$ Nil0.39 Rmb 72,282 (US$8,957)9,039)(3)
2006US$0.02(4)Rmb 72,284 (US$9,598) (5)
2007US$0.10(6)Rmb 108,313 (US$15,811) (7)
2008US$0.10(8)Not yet declared

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(1) Dividends paid by Yuchai to the Company,us, as well as to other shareholders of Yuchai, were declared in Renminbi and paid in U.S.US dollars (as shown in the parentheses) based on the exchange rates at local designated foreign exchange banks on the respective payment dates. For dividends paid for 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2005,2007, the exchange rate used was Rmb 8.2894 = US$1.00, Rmb 8.2767 = US$1.00, Rmb 8.2767 = US$1.00, Rmb 8.2765 = US$1.00, Rmb 7.9967 = US$1.00, Rmb 7.5310 = US$1.00 and Rmb 8.07026.8357 = US$1.00, respectively.
 
(2) The dividendsdividend declared for 20022004 by Yuchai werewas paid to the Companyus in 20032005 following the execution of the July 2003 Agreement.Reorganization Agreement (as defined in “Item 4. Information on the Company—History and Development—Reorganization Agreement”).
 
(3) The dividends declared for 2004 by Yuchai were paid to the Company in 2005 following execution of the Reorganization Agreement.
(4)On June 26, 2006, Yuchai has declared dividendsa dividend to all shareholders in respect of the financialfiscal year ended December 31, 2005 and the amount attributable to the Company iswas Rmb 72.3 million (US$9.0 million).million. We received this dividend on July 28, 2006.
(4)On December 4, 2006, we declared an interim dividend to all shareholders in respect of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006. This dividend was receivedpaid to the shareholders on December 28, 2006.
(5)The dividend declared for 2006 by Yuchai was paid to us on September 17, 2007.
(6)On September 28, 2007, we declared a second interim dividend of US$0.10 per ordinary share amounting to US$3.7 million to all shareholders in respect of the Companyfiscal year ended December 31, 2006. This dividend was paid to the shareholders on July 28, 2006.October 24, 2007.
(7)The dividend declared for 2007 by Yuchai was paid to us on August 22, 2008.
(8)On August 25, 2008, we declared an interim dividend of US$0.10 per ordinary share amounting to US$3.7 million to all shareholders in respect of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007. This dividend was paid to the shareholders on September 19, 2008.
Historical Exchange Rate Information
     On June 30, 2006,December 31, 2007, the noon buying rate in New York for cable transfers payable in foreign currencies as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York was Rmb 7.2946 = US$1.00. On December 31, 2008, the noon buying rate was Rmb 7.99436.8225 = US$1.00.

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     The following tables set forth certain information concerning exchange rates between Renminbi and U.S.US dollars for the periods indicated:
         
  Noon Buying Rate(1)
  (Rmb per US$1.00)
Period High Low
December 2005  8.0808   8.0702 
January 2006  8.0702   8.0596 
February 2006  8.0616   8.0415 
March 2006  8.0505   8.0167 
April 2006  8.0248   8.0040 
May 2006  8.0300   8.0005 
June 2006  8.0225   7.9943 
July 2006  8.0018   7.9690 
         
  Noon Buying Rate(1)
  (Rmb per US$1.00)
Period High Low
 
December 2007  7.4120   7.2946 
January 2008  7.2946   7.1818 
February 2008  7.1973   7.1100 
March 2008  7.1075   7.0105 
April 2008  7.0185   6.9840 
May 2008  7.0000   6.9377 
June 2008  6.9633   6.8591 
July 2008  6.8632   6.8104 
August 2008  6.8705   6.7800 
September 2008  6.8510   6.7810 
October 2008  6.8521   6.8171 
November 2008  6.8373   6.8220 
December 2008  6.8842   6.8225 
                                
 Noon Buying Rate(1) Noon Buying Rate(1)
 (Rmb per US$1.00) (Rmb per US$1.00)
Period Period End Average High Low Period End Average(2) High Low
2001  8.2766   8.2772   8.2786   8.2763 
2002  8.2800   8.2772   8.2800   8.2765  8.2800 8.2772 8.2800 8.2765 
2003  8.2767   8.2771   8.2800   8.2765  8.2767 8.2771 8.2800 8.2765 
2004  8.2765   8.2768   8.2774   8.2764  8.2765 8.2768 8.2774 8.2764 
2005  8.0702   8.1734   8.2765   8.0702  8.0702 8.1734 8.2765 8.0702 
2006 (through July 31, 2006)  7.9690   8.0200   8.0702   7.9690 
2006 7.8041 7.9579 8.0702 7.8041 
2007 7.2946 7.5806 7.8127 7.2946 
2008 (through December 31, 2008) 6.8225 6.9193 7.2946 6.7800 
 
(1) The noon buying rate in New York for cable transfers payable in foreign currencies as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Since April 1994, the noon buying rate has been based on the rate quoted by the People’s Bank of China.PBOC. As

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a result, since April 1994, the noon buying rate and the People’s Bank of ChinaPBOC rate have been substantially similar. The People’s Bank of ChinaPBOC rate at the end of 20052007 was Rmb 8.0702,7.3046, compared with Rmb 8.17347.5806 for the noon buying rate (average). for the year ended December 31, 2007. The PBOC rate at the end of 2008 was Rmb 6.8346, compared with Rmb 6.9193 for the noon buying rate (average) for the year ended December 31, 2008.
 
(2) Determined by averaging the rates on the last business day of each month during the relevant period.
Risk Factors
Risks relating to our shares and share ownership
Our controlling shareholder’s interests may differ from those of our other shareholders.
     Our controlling shareholder, Hong Leong Asia Ltd., or Hong Leong Asia, indirectly owns 7,913,769, or 21.2%, of the outstanding shares of our Common Stock, as well as a special share that entitles it to elect a majority of our directors. Hong Leong Asia controls us through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Hong Leong (China) Limited, or Hong Leong China, and through HL Technology Systems Pte Ltd, or HL Technology, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Hong Leong China. HL Technology owns approximately 21.0% of the outstanding shares of our Common Stock and is, and has since August 2002 been, the registered holder of the special share. Hong Leong Asia also owns, and has since May 2005 owned, through another wholly-owned subsidiary, Well Summit Investments Limited, approximately 0.2% of the outstanding shares of our Common Stock. Hong Leong Asia is a member of the Hong Leong Investment Holdings Pte Ltd., or Hong Leong Investment, group of companies. Prior to August 2002, we were controlled by Diesel Machinery (BVI) Limited, or Diesel Machinery, which, until its dissolution, was a holding company controlled by Hong Leong China and was the prior owner of the special share. Through HL Technology’s stock ownership and the rights accorded to the Special Share under our bye-laws and various agreements among shareholders, Hong Leong Asia is able to effectively approve and effect most corporate transactions. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — Related Party Transactions — Shareholders Agreement.” In addition, our shareholders do not have cumulative voting rights. There can be no assurance that Hong Leong Asia’s actions will be in the best interests of our other shareholders. See also “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — Major Shareholders.”
We may experience a change of control as a result of sale or disposal of shares of our Common Stock by our controlling shareholders.
     As described above, HL Technology, a subsidiary of Hong Leong Asia, owns 7,831,169 shares of our Common Stock, as well as the special share. If HL Technology reduces its shareholding to less than 7,290,000 shares of our Common Stock, our Bye-Laws provide that the special share held by HL Technology will cease to carry any rights, and Hong Leong Asia may as a result cease to have control over us. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — Major Shareholders — The Special Share.” If HL Technology sells or disposes of all of the shares of our Common Stock, we cannot determine what control arrangements will arise as a result of such sale or disposal (including changes in our management arising therefrom), or assess what effect those control arrangements may have, if any, on our financial condition, results of operations, business, prospects or share price.
     In addition, certain of our financing arrangements have covenants requiring Hong Leong Asia to retain ownership of the special share and that we remain a principal subsidiary (as defined in such arrangements) of Hong Leong Asia. A breach of that covenant may require us to pay all outstanding amounts under those financing arrangements. There can be no assurance that we will be able to pay such amounts or obtain alternate financing.
The market price for our Common Stock may be volatile.
     In recent periods, there has been volatility in the market price for our Common Stock. The market price could fluctuate substantially in the future in response to a number of factors, including:
our interim operating results;
the availability of raw materials used in our engine production, particularly steel and cast iron;
the public’s reaction to our press releases and announcements and our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission;
changes in financial estimates or recommendations by stock market analysts regarding us, our competitors or other companies that investors may deem comparable;
operating and stock price performance of our competitors or other companies that investors may deem comparable;
changes in general economic conditions, especially the impact of the global financial crisis on economic growth;
future sales of our Common Stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur; or

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the announcement by us or our competitors of a significant acquisition.
     In recent months as a result of the worldwide financial crisis, global stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. This volatility has had a significant effect on the market prices of securities issued by many companies for reasons unrelated to their operating performance. These broad market fluctuations may materially adversely affect our stock price.
Risks relating to our company and our business
The diesel engine business in China is dependent in large part on the performance of the Chinese and the global economy, as well as Chinese government policy. As a result, our financial condition, results of operations, business and prospects could be adversely affected by slowdowns in the Chinese and the global economy, as well as Chinese government policies affecting our business.
     Our operations and performance depend significantly on worldwide economic conditions. During periods of economic expansion, the demand for trucks, construction machinery and other applications of diesel engines generally increases. Conversely, uncertainty about current global economic conditions or adverse changes in the economy could lead to a significant decline in the diesel engine industry which is generally adversely affected by a decline in demand. As a result, the performance of the Chinese economy will likely affect, to a significant degree, our financial condition, results of operations, business and prospects. For example, the various austerity measures taken by the Chinese government from time to time to regulate economic growth and control inflation have in prior periods significantly weakened demand for trucks in China, and may have a similar effect in the future. In particular, austerity measures that restrict access to credit and slow the rate of fixed investment (including infrastructure development) adversely affect demand for, and production of, trucks and other commercial vehicles. Uncertainty and adverse changes in the economy could also increase costs associated with developing our products, increase the cost and decrease the availability of potential sources of financing, and increase our exposure to material losses from our investments, any of which could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and operating results.
     As widely reported, financial markets in the United States, Europe and Asia have been experiencing extreme disruption in recent months, including, among other things, extreme volatility in security prices, severely diminished liquidity and credit availability, rating downgrades of certain investments and declining valuations of others. Weak economic conditions in our target markets, or a reduction in automobile spending even if economic conditions improve, would likely adversely impact our business, operating results and financial condition in a number of ways, including longer sales cycles, lower prices for our products and reduced unit sales. Our revenues and gross margins are based on certain levels of consumer and corporate spending. The current conditions make it difficult for our customers, our vendors and us to accurately forecast and plan future business activities. If our projections of these expenditures fail to materialize due to reductions in consumer or corporate spending as a result of uncertain conditions in the macroeconomic environment, our revenues and gross margins could be adversely affected. As a result of the current tightening of credit in financial markets, our customers and suppliers may experience serious cash flow problems and as a result, may modify, delay or cancel plans to purchase our products. Any inability of current and/or potential customers to pay us for our products may adversely affect our earnings and cash flow. The global financial crisis has had an adverse impact on the economic growth outlook for China with the growth in the third quarter ended September 30, 2008 falling to its lowest level in five years. As a result, the Chinese government on November 10, 2008 announced a 4 trillion yuan stimulus package to maintain economic stability and development through spending on infrastructure projects. The measures being adopted by the Chinese government to ensure continued economic growth is in the very early stages of implementation and there is no assurance that such a stimulus package will be successful in achieving its aim. Uncertainty and adverse changes in the economy could also increase costs associated with developing our products, increase the cost and decrease the availability of potential sources of financing, and increase our exposure to material losses from our investments. Additionally, our stock price could decrease if investors have concerns that our business, financial condition and results of operations will be negatively impacted by a worldwide macroeconomic downturn. We are unable to predict the likely duration and severity of the current disruption in financial markets and adverse economic conditions in the U.S. and other countries. If these conditions deteriorate further or do not show improvement, we may experience material adverse impact to our business and operating results.
     The business and prospects for the diesel engine industry, and thus the business and prospects of our company, may also be adversely affected by Chinese government policy. For example, in 1998, the Chinese government announced a major initiative to boost consumer demand through investments in infrastructure projects and increased availability of bank credit. As a result, demand for trucks and other commercial vehicles, and thus demand for diesel engines, continued to increase from 2002 to 2004. In 2005, however, sales for trucks and other commercial vehicles declined by approximately 1.0% due to a credit tightening policy by the Chinese government. In 2006, sales for commercial vehicles increased 14.2% due to the strong economic growth achieved and continued investment in infrastructure building by the Chinese government.(Source: China Automotive Industry Newsletter for 2006). In 2007, sales for commercial vehicles increased by approximately 26.0% due to the continued economic growth in China.(Source: China Automotive Industry Newsletter for 2007)However, we cannot assure you that the Chinese government will not change its policy in the future to de-emphasize the use of diesel engines, and any such change will adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, business or prospects. For example, the Chinese government has from time to time introduced measures to avoid overheating in certain sectors of the economy, including tighter bank lending policies and increases in bank interest rates. See “— Risks relating to Mainland China — Adverse changes in the economic policies of the Chinese government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of Mainland China, which could reduce the demand for our products and adversely affect our competitive position.”

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Our financial condition, results of operations, business and prospects may be adversely affected if we are unable to implement the Reorganization Agreement and the Cooperation Agreement.
     Our main operating asset is our ownership interest inWe own 76.4% of the outstanding shares of Yuchai, and one of our primary sourcesources of cash flow continues to be our share of the dividends, if any, paid by Yuchai and investment earnings thereon. As a result of the agreement reached with Yuchai and its related parties pursuant to the July 2003 Agreement, we discontinued legal and arbitration proceedings initiated by us in May 2003 relating to difficulties with respect to our investment in Yuchai. In furtherance of the terms of the July 2003 Agreement, we, Yuchai and Coomber Investments Limited, or Coomber, entered into the Reorganization Agreement in April 2005, as amended in December 2005 and November 2006, and agreed on a restructuring plan for our company intended to be beneficial to our shareholders (seeshareholders. In June 2007, we, along with Yuchai, Coomber and the State Holding Company, entered into the Cooperation Agreement. The Cooperation agreement amends certain terms of the Reorganization Agreement and as so amended, incorporates the terms of the Reorganization Agreement. Pursuant to the amendments to the Reorganization Agreement, the Company has agreed that the restructuring and spin-off of Yuchai will not be effected, and, recognizing the understandings that have been reached between the Company and the State Holding Company to jointly undertake efforts to expand the business of Yuchai, the Company will not seek to recover the anti-dilution fee of US$20 million that was due from Yuchai. See “Item 4. Information on the Company — Recent Developments”).History and Development — Reorganization Agreement.” No assurance can be given as to when the corporate governancebusiness expansion requirements relating to Yuchai and the restructuring plan in respect of our ownership of Yuchai, both as contemplated by the Reorganization Agreement and the Cooperation Agreement will be fully implemented, or that implementation of the Reorganization Agreement and the Cooperation Agreement will effectively resolve all of the difficulties faced by us with respect to our investment in Yuchai.
     In addition, the Reorganization Agreement contemplates the continued implementation of our business expansion and diversification plan adopted in February 2005. One of the goals of this business expansion and diversification plan is to reduce our financial dependence on Yuchai. Thus far, we have acquired strategic stakes in TCL and LKN (seeHLGE. See “Item 3. Key Information”5. Operating and “Item 4. Information on the CompanyFinancial Review and ProspectsRecent Developments”).Business Expansion and Diversification Plan.” Nonetheless, no assurance can be given that we will be able to successfully expand and diversify our business. We may also not be able to continue to identify suitable acquisition opportunities, or secure funding to consummate such acquisitions or successfully integrate such acquired businesses within our operations. Any failure

5


to implement the terms of the Reorganization Agreement and Cooperation Agreement, including our continued expansion and diversification, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, business or prospects. Additionally, although the Cooperation Agreement amends certain provisions of the Reorganization Agreement and also acknowledges the understandings that have been reached between us and the State Holding Company to jointly undertake efforts to expand and diversify the business of Yuchai, no assurance can be given that we will be able to successfully implement those efforts or as to when the transactions contemplated therein will be consummated.
We have and may continue to experience disagreements and difficulties with the Chinese Shareholdersshareholders in Yuchai.
     Although we own 76.4% of Yuchai’sthe outstanding shares of Yuchai, and believe we have proper legal ownership of our investment and a controlling financial interest in Yuchai, in the event there is a dispute with Yuchai’s Chinese Shareholdersshareholders regarding our investment in Yuchai, we may have to rely on the Chinese legal system for remedies. The Chinese legal system may not be as effective as compared to other more developed countries such as the United States (seeStates. See “— Risks relating to Mainland China — The Chinese legal system embodies uncertainties which could limit the legal protectionsprotection available to foreign investors”).investors.” We have in the past experienced problems from time to time in obtaining assistance and cooperation of Yuchai’s Chinese Shareholdersshareholders in the daily management and operation of Yuchai. We have, in the past also experienced problems from time to time in obtaining the assistance and cooperation of the State Holding Company in dealing with other various matters, including the implementation of corporate governance procedures, the payment of dividends, the holding of Yuchai board meetings and the resolution of employee-related matters. Examples of these problems are described elsewhere in this Annual Report. The July 2003 Agreement, the Reorganization Agreement and the ReorganizationCooperation Agreement are intended to resolve certain issues relating to our share ownership in Yuchai and the continued corporate governance and other difficulties which we have had with respect to Yuchai. As part of the terms of the Reorganization Agreement, Yuchai agreed that it would seek the requisite shareholder approval prior to entering into any material transactions (including any agreements or arrangements with parties related to Yuchai or any of its shareholders) and that it would comply with its governance requirements. Yuchai also acknowledged and affirmed CYI’sthe Company’s continued rights as majority shareholder to direct the management and policies of Yuchai through Yuchai’s boardBoard of directors.Directors. Yuchai’s Articles of Association have been amended and such amended Articles of Association entitle the Company to elect nine of Yuchai’s 13 directors, thereby reaffirming the Company’s right to effect all major decisions relating to Yuchai. However, Yuchai’s amended Articles of Association are not yet effective pending approval of the Ministry of Commerce, PRC. While Yuchai has affirmed the Company’s continued rights as Yuchai’s majority shareholder and authority to direct the management and policies of Yuchai, no assurance can be given that disagreements and difficulties with Yuchai’s management and/or Yuchai’s Chinese Shareholdersshareholders will not recur, including implementation of the Reorganization Agreement and the Cooperation Agreement, corporate governance matters or related party transactions (such as, for example, the Rmb 205.0 million loan from Yuchai to Yuchai Marketing and Logistics Company, see Note 5 to our company’s Consolidated Financial Statements appearing elsewhere herein).transactions. Such disagreements and difficulties could ultimately have a material adverse impact on the company’sour consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

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We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting and cannot assure you that additional material weaknesses will not be identified in the future. Our failure to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could result in material misstatements in our financial statements which could require us to restate financial statements in the future, or cause us not to be able to provide timely financial information, which may cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information and have a negative effect on our stock price.
     We restated our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2005, and reported material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting and concluded that as of December 31, 2005 and 2006, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective. In addition, in connection with management’s assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting for the period covered by this Annual Report, management has identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting and has concluded that as of December 31, 2007, our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting were not effective. Our independent registered public accounting firm has expressed an adverse opinion on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007. See “Item 15 — Controls and Procedures.”
     Despite our efforts to ensure the integrity of our financial reporting process, we cannot assure you that additional material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting will not be identified in the future. Any failure to maintain or improve existing controls or implement new controls could result in additional material weaknesses or significant deficiencies and cause us to fail to meet our periodic reporting obligations which in turn could cause our shares to be de-listed or suspended from trading on the NYSE. In addition, any such failure could result in material misstatements in our financial statements and adversely affect the results of annual management evaluations regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Any of the foregoing could cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, leading to a decline in our share price.
Our exposure to the Dongfeng Group has had, and could continue to have, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operation.
     Our sales are concentrated among the Dongfeng Group which includes the Dongfeng Automobile Company, one of the largest state-owned automobile companies in China, and other major diesel truck manufacturers controlled by or affiliated with the Dongfeng Automobile Company. In 2005,2007, sales to the Dongfeng Group accounted for 19.8%20.8% of our gross sales, outtotal net revenues, of which sales to our two largest customers, Liuzhou Dongfeng Automobile and Hubei Dongfeng Automobile, accounted for 12.3%10.4%. Although we consider our relationshipsrelationship with the Dongfeng Group to be good, the loss of one or more of the companies within the Dongfeng Group as a customer would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, business or prospects.
     In addition, we are dependent on the purchases made by the Dongfeng Group from us and have exposure to their liquidity arising from the high level of accounts receivable from them. We cannot assure you that the Dongfeng Group will be able to repay all the money they owe to us. In addition, the Dongfeng Group may not be able to continue purchasing the same volume of products from our company which would reduce our overall sales volume.
     The Dongfeng Group also competes with us in the diesel engine market in China. Although we believe that the companies within the Dongfeng Group generally make independent purchasing decisions based on end-user preferences, we cannot assure you that truck manufacturers affiliated with the Dongfeng Automobile Company will not preferentially purchase diesel engines manufactured by companies within the Dongfeng Group over those manufactured by us.

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Competition in China from other diesel engine manufacturers may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, business or prospects.
     The diesel engine industry in China is highly competitive. We compete with many other China domestic companies, most of which are state-owned enterprises. Some of our competitors have formed joint ventures with or have technology assistance relationships with foreign diesel engine manufacturers or foreign engine design consulting firms and use foreign technology that is more advanced than ours. We expect competition to intensify as a result of:
improvements in competitors’ products;

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improvements in competitors’ products;
  increased production capacity of competitors;
 
  increased utilization of unused capacity by competitors; and
 
  price competition.
     In addition, if import restrictions on the import of motor vehicles and motor vehicle parts into China are reduced, foreign competition could increase significantly. See “— Risks relating to Mainland China — The admission of China into the WTO could lead to increased foreign competition”.
     In the medium-duty diesel engine market, our 6108 medium-duty engine, introduced in 1997, has been competing with the 6110 medium-duty engine offered by our competitors. We cannot assure you, however, that we will be able to maintain or improve our current market share or develop new markets for our medium-duty diesel engines. Based on current industry trends, although there is a perceived shift in the market demand from medium-duty engines to heavy-duty diesel engines. Therefore, we would expect declining sales volume of our 6108 medium-duty engines, in the coming years. In 2005, we experienced lower unit sales volume of 6108 medium-duty engines due principally to the effects of the general credit tightening by banks may however affect this trend. In 2006, 6108 medium-duty engine sales volumes declined 53.1% compared to its sales in China.2005. In 2007, however, 6108 medium-duty engine sales volumes improved approximately 41.0% compared to its sales in 2006. With the improved highway road system as a result of the Chinese government’s investment in infrastructure, truck market sales growth is trending towards heavy-duty engines.
     In the heavy-duty diesel engine market, we introduced the 6112 heavy-duty engine in late 1999. Due to a delay in the commercial production of the 6112 engine;engine, however, we were not able to benefit from the competitive advantages of an early entry into the China domestic market for heavy-duty engines. Moreover, the market for heavy-duty diesel engines in China is price-sensitive. We commenced engine development of the 6L heavy-duty engine (formerly referred to as 6113) in 2003 with a rated power ranging from 280 to 350 horsepower, and we also introduced the 6M heavy-duty engine family for heavy-duty trucks and passenger buses with a rated power ranging from 280 to 390 horsepower, in 2004. We had limited initial sales of 963 and 818 units of the 6L and 6M engines, respectively, in 2004. We sold 782 units of the 6L engines and 3,471 units of the 6M engines in 2005. We cannot assure you that our 6112, 6L or 6M heavy-duty engines will be able to compete successfully in the heavy-duty diesel engine market in China with the existing producers or any new entrants.
     In the light-duty diesel engine market, our 4108, 4110 and 4112 light-duty engines introduced in 2000 were met with weak consumer demand due to strong competition and a high pricing structure. The 4F diesel engine is a four-cylinder, four-stroke engines with a rated power ranging from 90 to 115 horsepower. Yuchai’s first sales of the 4F engines occurred in March 2005 and sold 4,510 units in 2005. Yuchai expects growth of this new engine to strengthen over the next few years and become a significant contributor to its sales growth for Yuchai. Yuchai produced 7,009 units of the 4F engines in 2005 and embarked upon major capital expenditures to increase the production capacity to 50,000 units per year by 2007. The expansion is expected to enable Yuchai to enter into light duty diesel engines market for light duty trucks and buses.growth. Although there had been an increase in sales of our 4-Series engines infrom 2003 2004 and 2005,to 2007, this has been primarily due to the average selling price of the 4-Series engines being lower than the medium and heavy-duty diesel engines, thereby making the 4-Series more affordable to the buyers especially due to the credit tightening by banks in China. Accordingly, weIn 2006, the 4-Series engines continued a healthy growth of 18.5% over 2005 in unit sales amid increasing selling price pressure due to strong growth in light-duty engine truck sectors and the Chinese government’s subsidy to the agriculture sector. In 2007, the 4-Series engines had a growth of approximately 38.7% in unit sales over 2006. We cannot assure you that we will be able to continue to improve our market share for light-duty diesel engines, and we may, in the future, decide to cease production of one or more of the models we are currently producing.
     Our long-term business prospects will depend largely upon our ability to develop and introduce new or improved products at competitive prices. Our competitors in the diesel engine markets may be able to introduce new or improved engine models that are more favorably received by customers. Competition in the end-use markets, mainly the truck market, may also lead to technological improvement and advances that render our current products obsolete at an earlier than expected date, in which case we may have to depreciate or impair our production equipment more rapidly than planned. Failure to introduce or delays in the introduction of new or improved products at competitive prices could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, business or prospects.
Our financial condition, results of operations, business or prospects may be adversely affected to the extent we are unable to continue our sales growth or adequately manage our growth.
     We have achieved consistent growth in net sales during the last fourfive fiscal years, with net sales increasing by 22.0%19.0% from 2005 to Rmb 5,582.16,920.5 million in 20042006 and by 4.4%38.1% from 2006 to Rmb 5,829.49,556.3 million (US$1,398.2 million) in 2005.2007. We cannot assure you that we can continue to increase our net sales or maintain our present level of net sales. For example, during 2005, we have increased production capacity to approximately 290,000 units after the completion of our second foundry and the new 6L and 6M heavy-duty engines lines, and we may not be able to increase our net sales commensurate with our increased levels of production capacity. Moreover, our future growth is dependent in large part on factors beyond our control, such as the continued economic growth in China. The recent global financial crisis has had an adverse impact on the economic growth outlook for China and in response, the Chinese government, on November 10, 2008 announced a 4 trillion yuan stimulus package with an aim to maintain economic stability and development through spending on infrastructure projects. There is no assurance that such a stimulus package will be sufficient or successful to ensure continued economic growth of the same levels as in previous quarters. We are unable to predict the likely duration and severity of the current disruption in financial markets and adverse economic conditions in the U.S. and other countries.

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     In addition, we cannot assure you that we will be able to properly manage any future growth, including:
  obtaining the necessary supplies;supplies, including the availability of raw materials;
 
  hiring and training skilled production workers and management personnel;
 
  manufacturing and delivering products for increased orders in a timely manner;
 
  maintaining quality standards and prices; and
 
  controlling production costs.costs; and
obtaining adequate funding on commercially reasonable terms for future growth.
     Furthermore, we have acquired in the past, and may acquire in the future, equity interests in engine parts suppliers and logistics and marketing companies. If we are unable to effectively manage or assimilate these acquisitions, our financial condition, results of operations, business or prospects could be adversely affected. See “Item 4. Information on the Company — Business Overview — Manufacturing”.
The diesel engine business in China is dependent in large part on the performance of the Chinese economy, as well as Chinese government policy. As a result, our financial condition, results of operations, business and prospects could be adversely affected by slowdowns in the Chinese economy, as well as Chinese government policies that de-emphasize the use of diesel engines.
     During periods of economic expansion, the demand for trucks, construction machinery and other applications of diesel engines generally increases. Conversely, during economic slowdowns the diesel engine industry is generally adversely affected by a decline in demand. As a result, the performance of the Chinese economy will likely affect, to a significant degree, our financial condition, results of operations, business and prospects. For example, the various austerity measures taken by the Chinese government from time to time to regulate economic growth and control inflation have in prior periods significantly weakened demand for trucks in China, and may have a similar effect in the future. In particular, austerity measures that restrict access to credit and slow the rate of fixed investment (including infrastructure development) adversely affect demand for, and production of, trucks and other commercial vehicles. These adverse market conditions, together with increased competition in the diesel engine market, result in various degrees of financial and marketing difficulties for diesel engine producers, including our company.
     The business and prospects for the diesel engine industry, and thus the business and prospects of our company, may also be adversely affected by Chinese government policy. For example, in 1998, the Chinese government announced a major initiative to boost consumer demand through investments in infrastructure projects and increased availability of bank credit. As a result, demand for trucks and other commercial vehicles, and thus demand for diesel engines, continued to increase from 2002 to 2004. In 2005, truck and the commercial vehicles declined by approximately 1.0%. However, we cannot assure you that the Chinese government will not change its policy in the future to de-emphasize the use of diesel engines, and any such change will adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, business or prospects. For example, the Chinese government has recently announced measures to avoid overheating in certain sectors of the economy, which may include tight bank lending policies and increases in bank interest rates (see “— Risks relating to Mainland China — Adverse changes in the economic policies of the Chinese government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of Mainland China, which could reduce the demand for our products and adversely affect our competitive position”).Manufacturing.”
If we are not able to continuously improve our existing engine products and develop new diesel engine products or successfully enter into other market segments, we may become less competitive, and our financial condition, results of operations, business and prospects will be adversely affected.
     As the Chinese automotive industry continues to develop, we will have to continuously improve our existing engine products, and develop new diesel engine products and diversify into other market segments in order to remain competitive. As a result, our long-term business prospects will largely depend upon our ability to develop and introduce new or improved products at competitive prices.prices as well as the success of any entry into new market segments. Future products may utilize different technologies and different market segments may require knowledge of markets that we do not currently possess. Moreover, our competitors may be able to introduce new or improved engine models that are more favorably received by customers than our products. Any failure by our company to introduce, or any delays in the introduction of, new or improved products at competitive prices or any delay or failure to enter into other market segments could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, business or prospects.

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     As the Chinese automotive industry continues to develop, we will have to continuously improve our existing engine products, develop new diesel engine products and enter into new market segments in order to remain competitive. As a result, our long-term business prospects will largely depend upon our ability to develop and introduce new or improved products at competitive prices and enter into new market segments. Future products may utilize different technologies and may require knowledge of markets that we do not currently possess. Moreover, our competitors may be able to introduce new or improved engine models that are more favorably received by customers than our products or enter into new markets with an early-entrant advantage. Any failure by our company to introduce, or any delays in the introduction of, new or improved products at competitive prices or entering into new market segments could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, business or prospects.


     On April 10, 2007, Yuchai signed a Cooperation Framework Agreement with Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co., Ltd (“Geely”) and Zhejiang Yinlun Machinery Company Limited (“Yinlun”) to consider establishing a proposed joint venture company to develop diesel engines for passenger cars in China. In December 2007, further to the Cooperation Framework Agreement, Yuchai entered into an Equity Joint Venture Agreement with Geely and Yinlun, to form two joint venture companies in Tiantai, Zhejiang Province and Jining, Shandong Province, which have, as of December 31, 2008 been duly incorporated. The joint venture companies will be primarily engaged in the development, production and sales of a proprietary diesel engine and its parts for passenger vehicles. See “Item 4. Information on the Company — Products — New Products” for more information. There can be no assurance that these joint ventures will be successful or profitable.
We may be unable to obtain sufficient financing to fund our capital requirements which could limit our growth potential.
     We believe that our cash from operations, together with any necessary borrowings, will provide sufficient financial resources to meet our projected capital and other expenditure requirements. If we have underestimated our capital requirements or overestimated our future cash flows, additional financing may be required. Financing may not be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. Our ability to obtain external financing is subject to various uncertainties, including our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow, economic, political and other conditions in Mainland China, the Chinese government’s policies relating to foreign currency borrowings and the condition of the Chinese and international capital markets. If adequate capital is not available, our financial condition, results of operations, business and prospects could be adversely affected.

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Our controlling shareholder’s interests may differ from those of our other shareholders.
     Our parent company is Hong Leong Asia Ltd., or HLA, which indirectly owns 7,913,769, or 21.2%, of the outstanding shares of our common stock, as well as a special share that entitles it to elect a majority of our directors. HLA controls us through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Hong Leong (China) Limited, or HLC, and through HL Technology Systems Pte Ltd, or HLT, a wholly-owned subsidiary of HLC. HLT owns approximately 21.0% of the outstanding shares of our common stock and is the registered holder of our special share since December 1994. HLA also owns through another wholly-owned subsidiary, Well Summit Investments Limited, approximately 0.2% of the outstanding shares of our common stock since May 2005. HLA is a member of the Hong Leong group of companies. Prior to August 2002, we were controlled by Diesel Machinery (BVI) Limited, or DML, which, until its dissolution, was a holding company controlled by HLC and was the prior owner of our special share. Through HLT’s stock ownership and various agreements among shareholders, HLA is able to effect most corporate transactions without the concurrence of any of our other shareholders. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — Related Party Transactions — Shareholders Agreement”. In addition, our shareholders do not have cumulative voting rights. We cannot assure you that HLA’s actions will be in the best interests of our other shareholders. See also “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Compensation — Yuchai”.
We may experience a change of control as a result of offerings of shares by our controlling shareholders.
     As described above, HLT, a subsidiary of HLA, owns 7,831,169 shares of our common stock, as well as our special share. In March 2004, HLT and Coomber, each registered shares for offer and sale from time to time on a shelf registration statement which we filed on their behalf pursuant to a registration rights agreement. If HLT reduces its shareholding to less than 7,290,000 shares of our common stock as a result of such offering, our Bye-Laws provide that the special share held by HLT will cease to carry any rights, and HLA may as a result cease to have control over us. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — Major Shareholders — The Special Share”. We believe that our only other significant shareholder is Coomber. If HLT sells all of the shares being registered for sale by HLT in such offering, HLT will cease to own any of our shares. As a result, we cannot determine what control arrangements will arise as a result of such offering (including changes in our management arising therefrom), or assess what effect those control arrangements may have, if any, on our financial condition, results of operations, business, prospects or share price.
We could be exposed to the impact of interest rates and foreign currency movements with respect to our future borrowings. In addition, a devaluation of the Renminbi will increase the Renminbi cost of repaying our foreign currency denominated indebtedness and, therefore, could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, business or prospects.
     We may use borrowings from time to time to supplement our working capital requirements and to finance our business expansion and diversification plans (See alsoplan. See “Item 5. Our Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Liquidity and Capital Resources”).Resources.” A portion of our borrowings may be structured on a floating rate basis and denominated in U.S.US dollars, Singapore dollars or other foreign currencies.Renminbi. An increase in interest rates, or fluctuations in exchange rates between the Renminbi or Singapore dollars and other currencies,US dollars, may increase our borrowing costs or the availability of funding and could affect our financial condition, results of operations, business or prospects. In particular, our financial condition, results of operations, business or prospects could be adversely affected by a devaluation of the Renminbi. In addition, an increase in interest rates may reduce the fair value of the debt securities issued by HLGE.
     The value of the Renminbi is subject to changes in Chinese government policies and to international economic and political developments. Since 1994, the conversion of Renminbi into foreign currencies, including U.S.US dollars, has been based on rates set by the People’s Bank of China. The official exchange rate for the conversion of Renminbi into U.S. dollar has generally been stable during the past ten years.PBOC. On July 21, 2005, China reformed its foreign exchange regime by moving into a managed floating exchange rate system based on market supply and demand with reference to a basket of currencies. Renminbi would no longer be pegged to the U.S.US dollar. From that dayJuly 20, 2005 to December 31, 2005,2007, Renminbi appreciated about 2.5%11.9% against the U.S.US dollar, and has appreciated slightly further since then. Substantially all of our operating revenue is denominated in Renminbi, while a major portion of our capital expenditures is denominated in U.S. dollarsOn December 31, 2007, the PBOC rate was Rmb 7.3046 = US$1.00, and Euros. An appreciation of Renmimbi againston December 31, 2008, the U.S. dollar and other currencies

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would also result in foreign currency translation losses for financial reporting purposes when we translate our U.S. dollar or other foreign currency denominated financial assets into Renmimbi, as Renmimbi is our reporting currency.PBOC rate was Rmb 6.8346 = US$1.00. Since we may not be able to hedge effectively against Renminbi devaluations, future movements in the exchange rate of Renminbi and other currencies could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
If China’s inflation increases or the prices of energy or raw materials increase, we may not be able to pass the resulting increased costs to our customers and this may adversely affect our profitability or cause us to suffer operating losses.
     Economic growth in China has, in the past, been accompanied by periods of high inflation. The Chinese government has implemented various policies from time to time to control inflation. For example, the Chinese government has from time to time introduced measures in certain sectors to avoid overheating of the economy, including tighter bank lending policies, increases in bank interest rates, and measures to curb inflation. Inflation has decreased recently due to such measures and recent market and economic conditions. Inflation and an increase in energy prices generally could cause our costs for raw materials required for the production of products to increase, which would adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations if we cannot pass these added costs on to customers.
We may be adversely affected by environmental regulations.
     We are subject to Chinese national and local environmental protection regulations which currently impose fees for the discharge of waste substances, require the payment of fines for pollution, and provide for the closure by the Chinese government of any facility that fails to comply with orders requiring us to cease or improve upon certain activities causing environmental damage. Due to the nature of our business, we produce certain amounts of waste water, gas, and solid waste materials during the course of our production. We believe our environmental protection facilities and systems are adequate for us to comply with the existing national, provincial and local environmental protection regulations. However, Chinese national, provincial or local authorities may impose additional or more stringent regulations which would require additional expenditure on environmental matters or changes in our processes or systems.
     The manufacture and sales of Euro 0 and Euro I engines in major urban areas became unlawful after August 31, 2004. After that date, the engines equipped with Euro 0 and Euro I engines are not permitted to be sold and used in major urban areas. The manufacture and sale of Euro II engines has been phased out from June 30, 2008 and the PRC emission standard equivalent to Euro III has been implemented progressively throughout China from July 1, 2008. There can be no assurance that Yuchai will be able to comply with these emission standards or that the introduction of these and other environmental regulations will not result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our insurance coverage may not be adequate to cover risks related to our production and other operations.
     The amount of our insurance coverage for our buildings and equipment is at cost which could be less than replacement value, and we have no plans to increase the coverage. The amount of our insurance coverage for our inventory is at book value which could be less than replacement value, and we also have no plans to increase this coverage. In accordance with what we believe is customary practice among industrial equipment manufacturers in China, we insure only high risk assets, such as production property and equipment and certain inventory. However, our underinsurance of other properties, facilities and inventory in accordance with this Chinese practice exposes us to substantial risks so that in the event of a major accident, our insurance recovery may be inadequate. We do not currently carry third party liability insurance to cover claims in respect of bodily injury, property or environmental damage arising from accidents on our property or relating to our operations. We also do not carry business interruption insurance as such coverage is not customary in China. Losses incurred or payments required to be made by us which are not fully insured could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.
The market price for our common stock may be volatile.
     In recent periods, there has been volatility in the market price for our common stock. The market price could fluctuate substantially in the future in response to a number of factors, including:
our interim operating results;
the public’s reaction to our press releases and announcements and our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC;
changes in financial estimates or recommendations by stock market analysts regarding us, our competitors or other companies that investors may deem comparable;
operating and stock price performance of our competitors or other companies that investors may deem comparable;
changes in general economic conditions;
future sales of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur;
the announcement by us or our competitors of a significant acquisition; and
increases in labor and other costs.
     Recent market activity of our stock price on the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, has been unpredictable. See “Item 9. The Offer and Listing” below. We cannot assure you that such volatility in the trading price and volume for our shares will stabilize in the future. In addition, in recent years, the stock market in general has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. This volatility has had a significant effect on the market prices of securities issued by many companies for reasons unrelated to their operating performance. These broad market fluctuations may materially adversely affect our stock price.

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Risks relating to Mainland China
     Substantially all of our assets are located in Mainland China, and substantially all of our revenue is derived from our operations in Mainland China. Accordingly, our financial condition, results of operations, business or prospects are subject, to a significant degree, to economic, political and legal developments in Mainland China. The economic system of Mainland China differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including government investment, the level of development, control of capital investment, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources.
Adverse changes in the economic policies of the Chinese government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of Mainland China, which could reduce the demand for our products and adversely affect our competitive position.
     Since the late 1970s, the Chinese government has been reforming the Chinese economic system from a planned economy to a market-oriented economy. In recent years, the Chinese government has implemented economic reform measures emphasizing decentralization, utilization of market forces in the development of the Chinese economy and a higher level of management autonomy. These reforms have resulted in significant economic growth and social progress, but the growth has been uneven both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. Economic growth has also been accompanied by periods of high inflation. The Chinese government has implemented various policies from time to time to restrain the rate of such economic growth, control inflation and otherwise regulate economic expansion. For example, the Chinese government has announced that it is considering introducingfrom time to time introduced measures onin certain sectors to avoid overheating of the economy, which may includeincluding tighter bank lending policies, increases in bank interest rates, and measures to curb speculation.property, stock market speculation and inflation. In August 2007, the Chinese government increased its capital reserve requirements for banks in an effort to control liquidity and slow down loan growth. In addition, the Chinese government has also in the past attempted to control inflation by controlling the prices of basic commodities. Severe measures or other actions by the Chinese government, such as placing additional controls on the prices of diesel and diesel-using products, could restrict our business operations and adversely affect our financial position. Although we believe that the economic reforms and macroeconomic policies and measures adopted by the Chinese government will continue to have a positive effect in the longer term on economic development in Mainland China and that we will continue to benefit in the longer term from these policies and measures, these policies and measures may, from time to time, be modified or reversed. Adverse changes in economic and social conditions in Mainland China, in the policies of the Chinese government or in the laws and regulations in Mainland China, could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of Mainland China and in infrastructure investment in Mainland China. These developments could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and business, by reducing the demand for our products, for example.products.
Adverse economic developments in China or elsewhere in the Asian region could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, business or prospects.
     Since the late 1990s, many Asian countries have experienced significant changes in economic conditions, including, for example, substantial depreciation in currency exchange rates, increased interest rates, reduced economic growth rates, corporate bankruptcies, volatility in the market values of shares listed on stock exchanges, decreases in foreign currency turnover and government-imposed austerity measures. To date, China’s economy has generally been affected to a lesser extent than most other major Asian countries. However, we cannot assure you that China’s economy will not suffer more serious difficulties in the future.future especially during this period of a global financial crisis which has resulted in a slowdown in China’s economy. Demand for trucks, construction machinery and other applications of diesel engines generally increases during periods of economic expansion and decreases during periods of economic slowdown. In the event that adverse economic developments occur in China, our sales may decrease and our financial condition, results of operations, business or prospects could therefore suffer.
The Chinese legal system embodies uncertainties which could limit the legal protectionsprotection available to foreign investors.
     The Chinese legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike common law systems, it is a system in which decided legal cases have little precedentialprecedent value. In 1979, the Chinese government began to promulgate a comprehensive system of laws and regulations governing economic matters in general including, for example, with respect to corporate organization and governance, foreign investments, commerce, taxation and trade. Legislation over the past 2527 years has significantly enhanced the protectionsprotection afforded to various forms of foreign investment in Mainland China. However, these laws, regulations and legal requirements are relatively recent, and their interpretation and enforcement involve uncertainties and may not be consistent or predictable as in other more developed jurisdictions which may limit the legal protectionsprotection available to foreign investors.
     At the National People’s Congress held in March 2006, the Chinese government confirmed it intends to continue to implement a prudent fiscal and monetary policy so as not to over stimulate domestic demand. The Chinese government has also on various occasions reiterated its policy of furthering reforms in the socialist market economy and to increase the wealth of the rural population

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through development     Our operations in China are subject to PRC regulations governing PRC companies. These regulations contain provisions that are required to be included in the articles of association of PRC companies and subsidies programs. No assurance canare intended to regulate the internal affairs of these companies. The PRC Company Law and these regulations, in general, and the provisions for the protection of shareholders’ rights and access to information, in particular, are less developed than those applicable to companies incorporated in the United States, Hong Kong or other developed countries or regions. In addition, the interpretation of PRC laws may be given that thesesubject to policy changes will notwhich reflect domestic political changes. As China’s legal system develops, the promulgation of new laws, changes to existing laws and the pre-emption of local regulations by national laws may have an adverse effect on business conditions in China generally or on our business in particular.prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
We may not freely convert Renminbi into foreign currency, which could limit our ability to obtain sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our foreign currency requirements or to pay dividends to shareholders.
     Substantially all of our revenues and operating expenses are generated by our Chinese operating subsidiary, Yuchai, and are denominated in Renminbi, while a portion of our capital expenditures and indebtedness is, or in the future may be, denominated in U.S.US dollars and other foreign currencies. The Renminbi is currently freely convertible under the “current account”,account,” which includes dividends, trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, but not under the “capital account”,account,” which includes foreign direct investment, except withoverseas borrowings by Chinese entities and proceeds of overseas public offering by Chinese entities. Some of the conversions between Renminbi and foreign currency under capital account are subject to the prior approval of the State Administration for Foreign Exchange, or SAFE.
     Our Chinese operating subsidiary, as a foreign invested enterprise, may purchase foreign currency without the approval of SAFE for settlement of “current account transactions”,transactions,” including payment of dividends, by providing commercial documents evidencing these transactions. Our Chinese operating subsidiary may also retain foreign exchange in its current account (subject to a cap approved by SAFE) to satisfy foreign currency liabilities or to pay dividends. However, the relevant Chinese government authorities may limit or eliminate our Chinese operating subsidiary’s ability to purchase and retain foreign currencies in the future. Our Chinese operating subsidiary, therefore, may not be able to obtain sufficient foreign currency to satisfy its foreign currency requirements to pay dividends to us for our use in making any future dividend payments or to satisfy other foreign currency payment requirements. Foreign currency transactions under the capital account are still subject to limitations and require approvals from SAFE. This could affect our Chinese operating subsidiary’s ability to obtain foreign currency through debt or equity financing, including by means of loans or capital contributions from us.
The admission Furthermore, the General Affairs Department of SAFE promulgated a new circular in August 2008, pursuant to which, Renminbi converted from capital contribution in foreign currency to a domestic enterprise in China intocan only be used for the WTO could lead to increased foreign competition.
activities that are within the approved business scope of such enterprise and cannot be used for China domestic equity investment or acquisition,with limited exceptions. As a result, of China becoming a member ofwe may not be able to increase the WTO, import restrictions on both motor vehicle components, including diesel engines and motor vehicles, are expected to be gradually reduced. The WTO also requires China to lower its import tariffs as a condition for membership. Reduced import restrictions and/or lower tariffs may lead to increased imports of foreign diesel engines and therefore lead to increased competition in the domestic diesel engine markets. Similarly, reduced import restrictions and/or lower tariffs on automobiles may affect the competition in the end-use marketscapital contribution of our customersoperating subsidiary, Yuchai and indirectly affect our sales tosubsequently convert such customers. Currently, China is encouraging foreign investmentscapital contribution into the motor vehicle engine manufacturing industry.Renminbi for equity investment or acquisition in China.
Outbreaks of infectious diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the birdAvian flu, in various parts of China and other countries may materially and adversely affect our business and operations, as well as our financial condition and results of operations.
     In 2003, several countries, including China, experienced an outbreak of a highly contagious form of atypical pneumonia known as severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS, which severely restricted the level of economic activity in affected areas, including Beijing and Guangdong Province. The SARS epidemic in China had an adverse impact on the sale of engines, particularly during the second and third quarters in 2003. Although this SARS outbreak was brought under control during 2003, there have been a number of cases reported in China and elsewhere in the Asia region since that outbreak. Most recently,In addition, an infectious strain of influenza known as the birdAvian flu has also been reported from time to time in China, Hong Kong and other parts of Asia. Outbreaks of infectious diseases such as these could adversely affect general commercial activity, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, business or prospects.
Risks relating to our investments in HLGE and TCL
     As of December 31, 2007, we had a 45.39% equity interest in HLGE and a 34.42% equity interest in TCL. As of December 31, 2008, our interests in these two companies remained unchanged. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Business Expansion and Diversification Plan.” Set forth below are risks related to our equity interests in these entities.
The HLGE group’s hotel ownership and management business may be adversely affected by risks inherent in the hotel industry.
     The HLGE group operates hotels primarily in the PRC and Malaysia. The HLGE group’s financial performance is dependent on the performance of each of the hotels it operates. The HLGE group’s hotel ownership and management business are exposed to risks

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which are inherent in and/or common to the hotel industry and which may adversely affect the HLGE group’s financial performance, including the following:
changes to the international, regional and local economic climate and market conditions (including, but not limited to; changes to regional and local populations, changes in travel patterns and preferences, and oversupply of or reduced demand for hotel rooms that may result in reduced occupancy levels and performance for the hotels it operates);
changes to the political, economic, legal or social environments of the countries in which the HLGE group operates (including developments with respect to inflation, interest rates, currency fluctuations, governmental policies, real estate laws and regulations, taxation, fuel costs, expropriation, including the impact of the current global financial crisis);
increased threat of terrorism, terrorist events, airline strikes, hostilities between countries or increased risk of natural disasters or viral epidemics that may affect travel patterns and reduce the number of travelers and tourists;
changes in laws and governmental regulations (including those relating to the operation of hotels, preparation and sale of food and beverages, occupational health and safety working conditions and laws and regulations governing its relationship with employees);
competition from other international, regional and independent hotel companies, some of which may have greater name recognition and financial resources than the HLGE group (including competition in relation to hotel room rates, convenience, services or amenities offered);
losses arising out of damage to the HLGE group’s hotels, where such losses may not be covered by the insurance policies maintained by the HLGE group;
increases in operating costs due to inflation, labor costs (including the impact of unionization), workers’ compensation and health-care related costs, utility costs, insurance and unanticipated costs such as acts of nature and their consequences;
fluctuations in foreign currencies arising from the HLGE group’s various currency exposures;
dependence on leisure travel and tourism;
the outbreak of communicable diseases, such as the Avian flu, which if not contained, could potentially adversely affect the operations of the HLGE group and its business in the hospitality industry; and
adverse effects of a downturn in the hospitality industry.
     The above factors may materially affect the performance of those hotels and the profitability and financial condition of the HLGE group. There can be no assurance that we will not suffer any losses arising from our investment in HLGE.
The hospitality business is a regulated business.
     The operation of hotels in the PRC and Malaysia is subject to various laws and regulations. The withdrawal, suspension or non-renewal of any of the hotels’ licenses, or the imposition of any penalties, as a result of any infringement or non-compliance with any requirement, will have an adverse impact on the business and results of operations of the hotels that the HLGE group operates. Further, any changes in such laws and regulations may also have an impact on the businesses at the hotels and result in higher costs of compliance. In addition, any failure to comply with these laws and regulations could result in the imposition of fines or other penalties by the relevant authorities. This could have an adverse impact on the revenues and profits of HLGE group or otherwise adversely affect the operations of the hotels.
TCL group’s proposed new strategy of repositioning its principal business from consumer electronics distribution to real estate and related infrastructure investment in pan-Asian region may not be successful.
     TCL announced in May 2008 that it plans to reposition its principal business from consumer electronics distribution to real estate and related infrastructure investment in pan-Asian region. TCL also announced that TCL may divest those assets that will no longer form part of its core activity going forward. This plan is subject to TCL receiving any required regulatory and shareholders’ approvals. Further to its May 2008 announcement, on December 3, 2008, TCL announced that its Board of Directors had approved by a majority vote, with the nominee directors of Venture Delta Limited or Venture Delta, and Grace Star Services Ltd. or Grace Star, voting against the execution of a Memorandum of Understanding (“MOU”) with Payce Consolidated Limited, to enter into transactions in connection with certain properties located in Sydney, Australia. The investment amount by TCL is to be funded through a combination of cash, the issue of new shares in TCL and options to subscribe for TCL shares, and external debt. The MOU is subject to definitive agreements being entered into as well as fulfillment of certain conditions precedent, including regulatory and shareholders’ approval, completion of satisfactory due diligence and obtaining of financing on acceptable terms. There can be no assurance that such approvals will be obtained. Even if such approvals are obtained, there is no assurance that this repositioning of TCL’s business will be successful or profitable. Any issuance of new shares by TCL will result in a dilution of our interest in TCL. We disagree with the proposed repositioning of TCL group’s business and on September 2, 2008, through our wholly owned subsidiaries, Venture Delta and Grace Star, we sent a requisition notice to TCL requisitioning for an extraordinary general meeting to remove the chairman of TCL’s Board of Directors and to appoint another director to the TCL Board. The main reasons for the requisition notice were concerns over the chairman’s continued participation and contribution at both the board and company level and seeking additional representation on the TCL Board as the current composition of the Board of Directors did not accurately represent TCL’s shareholding structure. Neither resolution was passed at the extraordinary general meeting. We are currently considering our options in relation to our investment in the TCL group. There can be no assurance that we will not suffer any losses arising from our investment in TCL.

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The TCL group’s principal business involves the distribution of third party branded and proprietary branded consumer electronic products with operations mainly in the PRC (including Hong Kong). This business is highly competitive and faces significant competition from other renowned brands.
     The TCL group faces intense competition from a large number of established companies and emerging companies in the consumer electronics market and it expects this competition to continue or even intensify as the consumer electronics market evolves.
     The consumer electronic markets in which the TCL group operates are characterized by frequent product introductions, short product life cycles, aggressive pricing practices and downward pressure on gross margins. Many of the TCL group’s current and potential competitors have substantially greater resources including financial, manufacturing, marketing and distribution resources. Some of the TCL group’s competitors may also have greater name recognition and market presence, longer operating histories, greater market power and product depth, lower cost structures and larger customer bases.
     The TCL group’s competitors may be able to adapt more quickly to new technologies and changes in consumer preferences by introducing new products at competitive prices, which may result in loss of market share by the TCL group and may force the TCL group to lower price on the products it distributes, which may result in reduced margins for those products. These competitive pressures may also cause the TCL group’s potential customers to delay or defer their purchasing decisions in anticipation of potential new products, lowering prices, or both. If the TCL group is not able to compete successfully in the future with its existing or potential competitors, there will be a material adverse effect on the TCL group’s business and financial results.
     Consumer spending patterns for products such as consumer electronics are affected by, among other things, prevailing economic conditions, currency fluctuations, wage rates, inflation, consumer confidence and consumer perception of economic conditions. A general slowdown in the economy of the PRC specifically or the consumer electronics industry globally or an uncertain economic outlook could have a material adverse effect on the sales of the TCL group.
Both the HLGE group and the TCL group may need to raise additional capital.
     The HLGE group will likely require funds for its core businesses and to invest in future growth opportunities whereas the TCL group will likely require funds to implement its proposed new strategy, if the relevant approvals are obtained. There is no assurance that either the HLGE group or the TCL group would be able to generate sufficient internal funds to finance such endeavors. Accordingly, the HLGE group and/or the TCL group may, depending on the cash flow requirements and financial condition, need to raise additional funds by issuing equity or a combination of equity and debt or by entering into strategic relationships or through other arrangements. Any additional equity financing by HLGE or TCL may dilute our equity interests in HLGE and TCL, respectively. Any debt financing may contain restrictive covenants with respect to dividends, future capital raising and other financial and operational matters. Failure to obtain additional financing where such financing is required on acceptable terms, will adversely affect the HLGE group’s and/or the TCL group’s business, financial performance and financial position and the HLGE group’s and/or the TCL group’s ability to pursue its growth plans.
The HLGE group may be unable to raise sufficient funds to pay their debt obligations to us.
     The HLGE group will require funds to repay its outstanding debt owed to us. There is no assurance that the HLGE group would be able to generate sufficient internal funds to redeem the outstanding bonds held by us. Failure to obtain sufficient funds to repay outstanding debt will adversely affect the HLGE group’s business, financial performance and financial position and the HLGE group’s ability to redeem its outstanding bonds held by us which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

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ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY.
History and Development
The Company
     The CompanyChina Yuchai International Limited is a Bermuda holding company established inon April 29, 1993 to own a controlling interest in Yuchai. The CompanyWe currently owns,own, through six of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, 76.4% of the outstanding common shares of Yuchai (“Yuchai Shares”). The Company operatesYuchai. We operate as an exempt company limited by shares under The Companies Act 1981 of Bermuda. TheOur principal executiveoperating office of the Company is located at 16 Raffles Quay #26-00,#39-01A, Hong Leong Building, Singapore 048581. The Company’sOur telephone number is (+65) 6220-8411. Our transfer agent and registrar in the United States is BNY Mellon Shareowner Services. On March 7, 2008, we registered a branch office of the Company in Singapore.

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     Until August 2002, the Company waswe were controlled by Diesel Machinery, (BVI) Limited (“DML”), a company that was 53.0% owned by Hong Leong Asia, Ltd. (“HLA”) through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Hong Leong (China) Limited (“HLC”). HLCChina. Hong Leong China owns HL Technology Systems Pte Ltd (“HLT”), which held shares in the Companyus through DML. DMLDiesel Machinery. Diesel Machinery was also 47.0% owned by China Everbright Holdings Company Limited, (“EB Holdings”)or China Everbright Holdings, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Coomber Investments Ltd. (“Coomber”). HLA,Coomber. Hong Leong Asia, a company listed on the Singapore Exchange Securities Trading Limited, (“or Singapore Exchange”)Exchange, is part of the Hong Leong Group Singapore,Investment group, which was founded in 1941 by the Kwek family of Singapore and isremains one of the largest privately-controlled business groups in Southeast Asia. EBChina Everbright Holdings is a state-owned enterprise of China. In 2002, EBChina Everbright Holdings and Coomber gave notice to DMLDiesel Machinery and itsthe other shareholders of DMLDiesel Machinery to effect a liquidation of DML.Diesel Machinery. As a result of the liquidation, HLAHong Leong Asia acquired the special share of the Company through HLTHL Technology which entitles HLAHong Leong Asia to elect a majority of theour directors of the Company and also to veto any resolution of shareholders of the Company. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — Major Shareholders”. EBour shareholders. China Everbright Holdings sold its shareholding in Coomber, which held shares in the Company,of our Common Stock, in October 2002 to Goldman Industrial Limited, (“Goldman”),or Goldman, and EBChina Everbright Holdings is no longer a shareholder of the Company.our company. Goldman iswas a subsidiary of Zhong Lin Development Company Limited, (“or Zhong Lin”),Lin, an investment vehicle of the city government of Yulin in Guangxi, China. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — Major Shareholders”.China until September 29, 2006 when Zhong Lin sold its shareholding in Goldman to the State Holding Company.
     Through the Company, HLA providesWe provide certain management, financial planning and other services to Yuchai and, has designated one financial controlleras of December 1, 2008, have seconded six employees to key management positions to work full-time at Yuchai’s principal manufacturing facilities in Yulin City as part of Yuchai’s day-to-day management team.
     To the Company’sour knowledge, since January 1, 2005,2007, there have not been any public takeover offers by third parties in respect of the Company’s shares of our Common Stock, nor, has the Companyhave we made any public takeover offers in respect of the shares of other companies.
Minority Investments
     The Company’s     Our main operating asset has historically been, itsand continues to be, our ownership interest in Yuchai, and itsour primary source of cash flow has historically been itsour share of the dividends, if any, paid by Yuchai and investment interestincome thereon. However, on February 7, 2005, the boardBoard of directorsDirectors of the Company announced its approval of the implementation of a business expansion and diversification plan by the Company. Pursuant to this plan, the Company hasFollowing such announcement, we have looked for new business opportunities to seek to reduce itsour financial dependence on Yuchai.
TCL
     The first step in implementing this plan occurred in     In March 2005, we acquired a 15.0% interest in the then capital of TCL through the acquisition by the Company’sour wholly-owned subsidiary, Venture Delta Limited (“VDL”), of an approximate 14.99% stake comprising 264.0 million newly-issued shares in TCL, for approximately S$30.9 million (approximately $18.9 million, based on an exchange rate of S$1.637 to $1.00).
     On August 5, 2005, the Company through VDL agreed to acquire an additional 17.8 million shares in TCL, representing approximately 1% stake in the total number of TCL shares in issue for approximately S$1.4 million (approximately US$0.86 million based on an exchange rate of S$1.63). This acquisition was completed on September 5, 2005.
     A call option granted to certain members of the Thakral family pursuant to a scheme of arrangement dated October 24, 2001 relating to TCL. The call option granted to the Thakral family expired on March 26, 2006.
     On February 16, 2006, pursuant to a right issue, the Company through VDL was allotted 87,860,288 newly issued TCL Shares and 52,933,440 convertible bonds in TCL, for an aggregate cash consideration of S$49.4 million (US$30.2 million). With this acquisition, the Company hasDelta. We have since increased its beneficialour shareholding in TCL from its level thenthrough various transactions, and as of 15.99% to 19.36%December 31, 2007, we had a 34.42% interest in the outstanding ordinary shares of TCL.
     As part of the enlarged TCL Sharesbusiness expansion and diversification plan, in issue (assuming no conversion of bonds and exercise of share options of TCL). The Company believes that through VDL it is currently the second largest shareholder in TCL.
     Since February 16, 2006, there has been some conversion of bonds by other bondholders of TCL. This resulted in a minor dilution of the Company’s indirect interest in TCL from approximately 19.36% to 19.25%. As of June 30, 2006, the Company beneficially owns:
(a)an aggregate of 369,655,952 shares representing approximately 19.25% of the total number of ordinary shares in issue in the capital of TCL; and

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(b)an aggregate of 52.9 million unsecured 2% convertible bonds due 2009 in the denomination of S$0.80 each issued by TCL, which are capable of being converted into an aggregate of 529.3 million new TCL shares, representing approximately 20.2% of TCL’s enlarged issued share capital.
     If the Company exercises its right through VDL to convert the 52.9 million TCL bonds owned by it into new TCL shares, this will result in an increase of the Company’s effective shareholding in TCL to an aggregate of 898.99 million shares, representing approximately 34.4% of the total number of TCL shares outstanding following such conversion. In such event, the Company would be required under the Singapore Code on Take-overs and Mergers to make mandatory conditional cash offers for all the TCL bonds not already owned, controlled or agreed to be acquired by the Company at the price of S$0.08 for each TCL share and S$0.80 for each TCL bond. TCL’s share price on the Singapore Exchange closed at S$0.08 on June 30, 2006.
     TCL’s principal businesses include trading and distribution of consumer electronics products and accessories in China and Hong Kong; distribution of home entertainment products in China; and assembly of electronic products and electronic manufacturing services in China. TCL is listed on the Main Board of the Singapore Exchange. TCL has an established presence in China and the Company believes that TCL is well placed to capitalize on China’s expanding economy. In addition, the Company believes that TCL could offer a platform to the Company for further expansion in the consumer electronics sector in China and other parts of Asia, given TCL’s distribution and supply chain management business model in China.
     TCL currently has ten directors on its board, of which three directors were nominated by the Company. The Company accounts for its investment in TCL using the equity method beginning March 23, 2005 in view that the Company has a significant board representation in TCL and hence believes that it has the ability to exercise significant influence over TCL.
LKN
     In early February 2006, the Company through its following wholly-owned subsidiarieswe acquired debt and equity securities in LKN forHLGE through our wholly-owned subsidiaries, Grace Star, and Venture Lewis Limited, or Venture Lewis. We have since increased our shareholding in HLGE following the conversion of the preference shares held by Grace Star into ordinary shares of HLGE, and as of December 31, 2007, we had an aggregate considerationinterest of approximately S$131.6 million (approximately US$81.2 million, based on an exchange rate45.39% of S$1.62 to US$1.00):the outstanding ordinary shares of HLGE. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Business Expansion and Diversification Plan.”
     We have seven directly wholly-owned subsidiaries which hold investments in Yuchai, HLGE and TCL, as described below:
  Grace Star Services Ltd. (“Grace Star”) acquired 191,413,465 ordinary shares representing approximately 29.13%Through our 76.4% interest in Yuchai, we primarily conduct our manufacturing and sale of the total number of ordinary shares in issue, and 123,010,555 redeemable convertible preference shares (the “Existing LKN RCPS”),diesel engines which are mainly distributed in the capitalPRC market;
As of LKN;December 31, 2008, we had a 45.39% equity interest in HLGE. The HLGE group is engaged in hospitality and property development activities conducted mainly in the PRC and Malaysia; and
 
  Venture Lewis Limited (“Venture Lewis”) acquired approximately S$129.4 million (approximately US$79.9 million, based on an exchange rateAs of S$1.62December 31, 2008, we had a 34.42% equity interest in TCL as a result of issuance of additional ordinary shares by TCL pursuant to US$1.00)the exercise of options and convertible securities. As of December 31, 2007, we had a 34.42% interest in principal amount

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TCL. The TCL group primarily conducts distribution of outstanding secured non-convertible bonds (the “Existing LKN Bonds”) issued by LKN.consumer electronic products with operations mainly in the PRC (including Hong Kong). TCL also has other business activities relating to contract manufacturing, property development and investment in the PRC.
     On July 4, 2006, pursuant to a rights issue, the Company through its subsidiaries was allotted 196,201,374 non-redeemable convertible cumulative preference shares in the capital of LKN (the “New LKN NCCPS”)HLGE and 130,800,917 zero coupon unsecured non-convertible bonds due 2009 in LKN, for an aggregate consideration of approximately S$134.7 million (the “New LKN Bonds”). The consideration was satisfied by offsetting against the money from the full redemption by LKN of the Existing LKN Bonds and the balance by cash. LKN had also made partial redemption of the Existing LKN RCPS. As of to date, the Company holds (i) 191,413,465 ordinary shares representing approximately 29.13% of the total number of ordinary shares in issue; (ii) 114,366,772 Existing LKN RCPS; (iii) 196,201,374 New LKN NCCPS; and (iv) 130,800,917 New LKN Bonds in LKN.
     LKN is alsoTCL are each listed on the Main Board of the Singapore Exchange. LKN is primarily engagedExchange Securities Trading Limited.
     We account for Yuchai as a subsidiary and hence its financial statements are consolidated into our financial statements. We account for our investments in the businessordinary shares of investment holding,HLGE and TCL as affiliated companies using the principal business activities of LKN’s subsidiaries are those of hospitality-related businessesequity method. An affiliated company is an entity in Asia. LKN’s share price onwhich we do not have a controlling financial interest but we have the Singapore Exchange closed at S$0.04 on June 30, 2006.ability to exercise significant influence over its financial and operating policy decisions.
     Assuming full conversion of (i) the Existing LKN RCPS and (ii) the New LKN NCCPSIn February 2005, in LKN, the Company’s effective interest in LKN could be expected to increase from the current 29.1% to 51.7%. The acquisition of the debt and equity in LKN by the Company is not expected to have any material impact on the earnings per share and the net tangible assets of the Company and its subsidiaries.

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     In order to finance the acquisition of shares and bonds inof TCL and LKN,HLGE, as well as other strategic acquisitions which the Companywe may consider from time to time as part of itsour business diversification strategy, in February 2005, the Companywe issued $25.0 million in principal amount of convertible bonds due 2012 in a private placement. Consequent uponUpon the conversion of the convertible bonds by the bondholders, we issued 1,927,673 shares of common stock of US$0.10 per share of the Company were issuedour Common Stock in June 2005. In March 2005, September 2005, January 2006 and March 2006, the Company also entered into credit facilities for $25.0 million, $50.0 million, S$60.0 million (approximately $37.04 million, based on an exchange rate of S$1.59 to US$1.00) and S$110.0 million (approximately $69.18 million, based on an exchange rate of S$1.62 to US$1.00), respectively, with banks in Singapore. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Liquidity and Capital Resources”.
Yuchai
     Notwithstanding the Company’s business expansion plans and minority investments described above, the Company’s main operating asset continues to be its ownership interest in Yuchai. The following is primarily a discussion of the business of Yuchai.
Yuchai is one of the largest medium-dutya diesel engine manufacturersmanufacturer in China and also produces diesel power generators and diesel engine parts. Yuchai is located in Yulin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in southern China, approximately 280200 miles westeast of Hong Kong.Nanning, the provincial capital. With a population of approximately 3.06.0 million, greater Yulin City, including its controlled townships, is believed to be the sixth largest city in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
     Yuchai was founded in 1951 and became a state-owned enterprise in 1959. Prior to 1984, Yuchai was a small producer of low-power diesel engines for agricultural machinery. In 1984, Yuchai introduced the earliest model of its 6105 medium-duty diesel engine for medium-duty trucks. In 1989, Yuchai became one of China’s 500 largest industrial enterprises in terms of profitability and tax contribution. In July 1992, in order to raise funds for further expansion, Yuchai became the first state-owned enterprise in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region to be restructured into a joint stock company.
     As a result of this restructuring, Yuchai was incorporated as a joint stock company in July 1992 and succeeded to the machinery business of Yulin Diesel, and allDiesel. All of Yulin Diesel’s businesses, other than its machinery business, as well as certain social service related operations, assets, liabilities and employees (for example, cafeterias, cleaning and security services, a hotel and a department store), were transferred to the State Holding Company. The State Holding Company also became the majority shareholder of Yuchai through its ownership stake of approximately 104 million shares of Yuchai, (“or State Shares”).Shares. The State Holding Company is owned by the Guangxi localYulin City government. In connection with its incorporation, Yuchai also issued 7 million shares to various Chinese institutional investors, (“or Legal Person Shares”).Shares.
     In May 1993, in order to finance further expansion, Yuchai sold shares to the Company, (“or Foreign Shares”)Shares, and became a Sino-foreign joint stock company.
     TheOur initial shareholders, of the Company, consisting of HLT,HL Technology, Sun Yuan Overseas (BVI) Ltd. (“, or Sun Yuan BVI”),BVI, the Cathay Investment Fund, Limited, (“Cathay”),or Cathay, GS Capital Partners L.P. (“GSCP”), or GSCP, and Coomber, then a wholly-owned subsidiary of EBChina Everbright Holdings and, thus, controlled by China Everbright International Limited, (“or China Everbright”),Everbright International, made their initial investments in Yuchai in May 1993, when their respective wholly-owned subsidiaries purchased for cash in the aggregate 200 million newly-issued shares of Yuchai (51.3% of the then-outstanding Yuchai Shares). These shareholders exchanged with the Company their shareholdings in their wholly-owned subsidiaries, six companies which held Foreign Shares of Yuchai, for 20 million shares of the Company’sour Common Stock (after giving effect to a 10-for-1 stock split in July 1994, (the “Stock Split”))or the Stock Split). In connection therewith, Yuchai became a Sino-foreign joint stock company and became subject to the laws and regulations relating to joint stock limited liability companies and Sino-foreign joint venture companies in China. Foreign Shares may be held by and transferred to non-Chinese legal and natural persons, subject to the approval of the Ministry of Commerce, (“MOC”),or MOC, the successor entity ofto the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation of China, (“MOFTEC”).or MOFTEC. Foreign Shares are entitled to the same economic rights as State Shares and Legal Person Shares. State Shares are shares purchased with state assets by government departments or organsorganizations authorized to represent state investment. Legal Person Shares are shares purchased by Chinese legal persons or institutions or social groups with legal person status and with assets authorized by the state for use in business.
     In November 1994, the Companywe purchased from an affiliate of China Everbright Holdings 78,015,500 Foreign Shares of Yuchai in exchange for the issuance of 7,801,550 shares of our Common Stock (after giving effect to the Stock Split) (the “China, or the China Everbright Purchase”).Holdings Purchase. The 78,015,500 Foreign Shares of Yuchai held by Earnest Assets Ltd,Limited, a subsidiary of EBChina Everbright Holdings and China Everbright International before its sale to the Company,us had been originally issued as Legal Person Shares and State Shares and were converted to Foreign Shares, pursuant to approvals granted by MOFTEC. As a result, the Company became the owner of each of these six companies: Hong Leong Technology

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Systems (BVI) Ltd., Tsang & Ong Nominees (BVI) Ltd., Cathay Diesel Holdings Ltd., Goldman Sachs Guangxi Holdings (BVI) Ltd., Youngstar Holdings Ltd.Limited and Earnest Assets Ltd.Limited.

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     In December 1994, the Companywe sold 7,538,450 shares of Common Stock in itsour initial public offering (“IPO”) and used substantially all of the proceeds to finance itsour six wholly-owned subsidiaries’ purchase of 83,404,650 additional Foreign Shares fromin Yuchai.
     In connection with the Company’sour purchase, through itsour six wholly-owned subsidiaries, of additional Foreign Shares fromin Yuchai with proceeds of its IPO,our initial public offering, Yuchai offered additional shares pro rata to its other existing shareholders (30 shares for each 100 shares owned) in accordance with such shareholders’ pre-emptive rights, and each of the Company’sour subsidiaries was able to acquire these additional Yuchai Foreign Shares.Shares in Yuchai. Such pro rata offering (including the offering to the Company) is referred to herein as the “Yuchai Offering”.Offering.” Certain Legal Person shareholders subscribed for additional shares in the Yuchai Offering. The State Holding Company informed Yuchai at the time that it would not subscribe for any of its portion of Yuchai Shares (31,345,094 shares) in the Yuchai Offering. In order to obtain MOFTECMOFTEC’s approval of the Yuchai Offering, the State Holding Company was given the right by Yuchai’s Board of Directors to subscribe for approximately 31 million shares of Yuchai at a price of Rmb 6.29 per share at any time prior to December 1998. This was because provisional regulations of the State Administration Bureau of State Property, (“SABSP”)or SABSP, and the State Committee of Economic System Reform, (“SCESR”),or SCESR, published in November 1994, imposed on any holder of state-owned shares certain obligations to protect its interest in any share offering. Under such regulations, the State Holding Company could have been required to subscribe for Yuchai Shares in the Yuchai Offering. Yuchai’s shareholders subsequently agreed to extend the duration of such subscription right to March 31, 2002 (the exercise of which would have reduced the Company’sour ownership of Yuchai from 76.4% to 71.7%). The State Holding Company informed the shareholders of Yuchai that it had determined not to subscribe for additional Yuchai Shares and this determination was minutednoted by the Yuchai Board of Directors on November 1, 2002. However, given the November 1994 provisional regulations of the SABSP and the SCESR, the SABSP, the SCESR and/or the MOC may take action against the State Holding Company, and there can be no assurance that any such action would not, directly or indirectly, have a material adverse effect on Yuchai or the Company.
Recent DevelopmentsReorganization Agreement
     On February 7, 2005, the board of directors of the Company announced its approval of the implementation of a business expansion and diversification plan by the Company. Pursuant to this plan, the Company has looked for new business opportunities to seek to reduce its financial dependence on Yuchai, which has historically been the Company’s main operating asset. The directors of the Company believe that the Company’s plans for expansion can be best met through acquisition opportunities in the greater China region and elsewhere in Asia. The board believes that acquisitions particularly in the greater China region can offer synergies with the Company’s existing Chinese operations. For description of the two minority investments made by the Company to date under this business expansion and diversification plan. See “Minority Investments”.
     On April 7, 2005, the Companywe entered into the Reorganization Agreement with Yuchai and Coomber, which is intended to be in furtherance of the termsimplementation of the restructuring contemplated in the agreement dated July 19, 2003 Agreement.between the Company and Yuchai with respect to the Company’s investment in Yuchai (the “July 2003 Agreement”), as amended and incorporated into the Cooperation Agreement on June 30, 2007. The terms of the Reorganization Agreement have also been acknowledged and agreed to by the State Holding Company. The Reorganization Agreement provides for the implementation of corporate governance guidelines approved by the directors and shareholders of Yuchai in November 2002 and outlines steps for the adoption of corporate governance practices at Yuchai conforming to international custom and practice. Pursuant to the Reorganization Agreement, Yuchai also acknowledged and affirmed the Company’sour continued rights as majority shareholder to direct the management and policies of Yuchai through Yuchai’s boardBoard of directors.
     The Reorganization Agreement outlines a broad framework for restructuring the Company’s ownership of Yuchai. The restructuring exercise contemplates the transfer of the Company’s approximate 76.4% interest in Yuchai to a new company to be organized under Bermuda law (“Newco”) in exchange for shares of Newco and distribution of Newco’s shares to the shareholders of the Company, subject to the successful implementation of the business diversification plan by the Company. No portion of the distribution is intended to be made in respect of the special share in the Company held by HLA, and Newco’s capital structure is not intended to provide for any special share comparable to the existing special share in the Company. The Company is expected to be recapitalized or restructured as may be necessary in order to maintain its listing on the NYSE. Therefore, the Company has executed its business diversification plan to seek to acquire assets or businesses of such size and sufficient historical operating results to permit such continued listing.
     The Reorganization Agreement also provides that the Company may, if necessary to maintain its listing, retain up to 10 million Newco shares or approximately 22.0% of Newco’s capital. If the Company does retain such Newco shares, then, subject to any necessary approval by the shareholders of the Company (i) the Company would grant to Coomber an irrevocable proxy to vote such

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shares for the election of directors to the board of Newco for such time as the Company owns those shares, and (ii) Newco and the Company would enter into a registration rights agreement to permit the Company to sell such shares to the public at such times as the Company determines that the sale of such shares would not affect the listing of the Company’s shares on the NYSE.Directors.
     Subsequent to the execution of the Reorganization Agreement, (see “Item 19. Exhibits — Exhibit 4.12”), a number of steps have been taken by the parties thereto towards its implementation. For example, Yuchai’s directors and shareholders have confirmed that the amendments to Yuchai’s Articles of Association and corporate governance guidelines required to be adopted by Yuchai pursuant to the Reorganization Agreement have been ratified and implemented, and that steps are being taken to have such amendments and guidelines approved by the relevant Chinese authorities. Yuchai has also paid a consultancy fee of US$1.5 million to the Company.us in 2005. Yuchai has also declared and paid dividends to its shareholders forfrom profits earned in the financialfiscal years ended December 31, 2003 and 2004, resulting in the Company receiving dividends of Rmb 231.3 million (US$27.9 million, based on an exchange rate of Rmb 8.29 to US$1.00), following which the Companywe declared dividends representing approximately 50% of the amount of dividends paid to the Companyus by Yuchai, as contemplated in Section 1.5(c) of the Reorganization Agreement. On June 26, 2006, Yuchai has declared dividends payable to the Company of Rmb 72.3 million (US$9.0 million) in respect of the financialfiscal year ended December 31, 2005 and this will be paid by July 31,the amount of Rmb 72.3 million due to the Company was received in 2006.
     Pursuant to Clause 1.8 Yuchai declared dividends in respect of the Reorganization Agreement, Yuchai is obligated to pay US$20.0 million within five business days of the issuance of the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for thefiscal year ended December 31, 2004. The due date for such payment under2006 and the Reorganizationamount of Rmb 72.3 million (US$10.5 million) was received in 2007.
Cooperation Agreement was June 24, 2005, which has been subsequently extended pursuant to the Reorganization Agreement Amendment (No. 1) described below.
     Completion of the transactions contemplated by the Reorganization Agreement is subject to various conditions, including the receipt of all required regulatory and shareholder approvals. On December 2, 2005, the CompanyJune 30, 2007, we entered into a Reorganizationthe Cooperation Agreement Amendment (No. 1) with Yuchai, Coomber and Coomber; the terms of which were acknowledged and agreed by the State Holding Company. The Cooperation Agreement amends certain terms of the Reorganization Agreement, as amended, includes an extension foramong CYI, Yuchai and Coomber, and as so amended, incorporates the termterms of the Reorganization Agreement. The Reorganization Agreement was scheduled to terminate on June 30, 2007.
     Pursuant to the amendments to the Reorganization Agreement, the Company agreed that the restructuring and spin-off of Yuchai would not be effected, and, recognizing the understandings that have been reached between the Company and the State Holding Company to jointly undertake efforts to expand the business of Yuchai, the Company would not seek to recover the anti-dilution fee of US$20 million from Yuchai.

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     The Cooperation Agreement provides that the parties will explore new business opportunities and ventures for the growth and expansion of Yuchai’s existing businesses. Although the parties to the Cooperation Agreement expect to work towards its implementation as expeditiously as possible, no assurance can be given as to when the transactions contemplated therein will be consummated.
     While various amendments to Yuchai’s Articles of Association had been ratified and adopted by Yuchai, these amendments are still in the process of being approved by the Ministry of Commerce, PRC. As of December 31, 20052008, the parties were continuing to December 31, 2006seek the required approvals.
     During 2004, Yuchai granted loans of Rmb 205 million to YMCL, a subsidiary of Coomber, with an interest rate of 5.58% for one year. The loans were guaranteed by Coomber and the State Holding Company (together, the “Guarantors”). The loans were repaid in 2005 and were subsequently re-loaned with a maturity date of paymentJune 1, 2007 and further extended to May 30, 2008. In July 2007, Yuchai’s Board of Directors agreed in principle to a proposal by the State Holding Company to settle the loans due from YMCL, along with various other accounts receivable from YMCL (collectively, the “receivables”), by forgiving the receivables in exchange for the transfer of 100% of the equity ownership in a hotel in Yulin, PRC and YMCL’s central office building in Guilin, PRC. On December 25, 2007, Yuchai, pursuant to the execution of a share transfer contract with YMCL, Coomber and State Holding Company, acquired all the outstanding share capital of Guangxi Yulin Hotel Company Ltd (“Yulin Hotel Company”) for Rmb 245.6 million. In March 2008, agreements were entered into by Yuchai to effect the repayment of the Rmb 205 million loans against the purchase of 100% equity interest in Yulin Hotel Company for Rmb 245.6 million and offsetting of the balance payable against certain trade receivables due from YMCL, the Guarantors and other related parties. As a result of the acquisition of 100% equity of Yulin Hotel Company, the loan agreements with YMCL have been terminated and the guarantees provided by the Guarantors have been discharged. The acquisition by Yuchai of Yulin Hotel Company was ratified by the abovementioned US$20.0 millionBoard of Directors of Yuchai and its shareholders subject to the earlieroriginal shareholders of (i)Yulin Hotel Company obtaining approval for the datetransaction from the regulatory agency in China by November 30, 2008 which was subsequently extended to June 30, 2009 by Yuchai’s Board of Directors and shareholders. If such approval from the provincial government regulatory agency in charge of state-owned assets administration in China was not obtained by June 30, 2009, Yuchai would have had the right to sell to the State Holding Company, who would have been obligated to buy, 100% of the completionequity interest in Yulin Hotel Company at the original purchase price of certain transactions describedRmb 245.6 million. This condition is contained in Clause 2.6a guarantee letter provided by the original shareholders of Yulin Hotel Company. However, on January 13, 2009, Yuchai received approval from the Reorganization Agreement; and (ii) December 31, 2006.
     Given that the expiration dateprovincial government regulatory agency in charge of state-owned assets administration in China for the Reorganization Agreement has been extended through December 31, 2006, Yuchai has advised the Company that it has notified Credit Suisse that the appointmentits acquisition of Credit Suisse as financial advisor to Yuchai has been terminated pending Yuchai’s ongoing review of the implementation of the corporate reorganization contemplated100% equity interest in the Reorganization Agreement.Yulin Hotel Company.
Business Overview
Products and Product Development
OverviewDevelopment—Yuchai
     The general market demand for trucks and buses has contributed to Yuchai’s significant growth since 2001,2005, with the continued expansion of the highways and toll roads in China. The Company expects heavy-duty trucks to become an increasingly important means of freight transportation as road conditions and infrastructure in China improve. Both medium-duty and heavy-duty trucks are increasingly fitted with diesel engines because of their higher power, fuel efficiency and reliability as compared to gasoline engines. In addition, the Chinese government had announced as a policy objective in 1994 that motor vehicles weighing five tons or more should principally have diesel engines after 2000.
     To take advantage of anticipated growth in demand for diesel engines in China, Yuchai substantially expanded its manufacturing facilities from their production capacity of 37,000 units of medium-duty diesel engines in 1993 to approximately 120,000 units of light-duty diesel engines, 120,000 units of medium-duty diesel enginesproduces light, medium and 50,000 units of heavy-duty diesel engines, in 2005. In responseindustrial diesel engines, diesel powered generators (Genset) and engine parts.
New Products
     The 2008 Beijing Olympics has led to the introduction of high power medium-duty engines introduced by its competitors in 1995, Yuchai began commercial productionan early implementation of the 6108 medium-dutyEuro IV standard. The following are our new products:
     (I) Light-Duty Engine (4W)
     YC4W National-III and National-IV 1.2L, 4-cylinders, 4-valves, 82-64kw, 4000-4200rpm diesel engine uses DELPHI electronic controlled high pressure common-rail fuel injection technology. The main applications are in the third quarterpassenger cars, multi-purpose vans, power generators, light-duty special purpose machineries.
     (II) Medium-Duty Engine (6A, 6G, 6J)
     YC6A National-III 6-cylinders, 4-valves, 162-225kw, 2300rpm diesel engine uses BOSCH electronic controlled high-pressured common-rail fuel injection technology. YC6A main applications are in medium-sized trucks, construction machines, boats, generators, and agricultural machinery.
     YC6G National-III 7.8L, 6-cylinders, 147-199kw, 2000-2200rpm diesel engine uses DELPHI electronic controlled high-pressured common-rail fuel injection technology. Its main applications are for buses and coaches of 1997. In addition, Yuchai began trial production11-12 metres in length.
     YC6J National-III 6.5L, 6-cylinders, 132-180kw, 2500rpm diesel engine uses BOSCH electronic controlled high-pressured common-rail fuel injection technology. The engines are suitable for coaches of its 4-Series engines (as defined8m-11m in “— 4-Series Light-Duty Diesel Engines” below) in late 1999 and commenced commercial production of these engines in 2000. Due to strong competition, quality defects and a high pricing structure, sales of the 4-Series engines were weak in 2000, but improved in following years with the total number of units sold reaching 20,735 units, 46,022 units, 71,562 units and 103,598 units in 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. Yuchai also commenced trial marketing of the 6112 heavy-duty engine in early 1999 and began commercial production of these engines in the second half of 1999. The quality of the 6112 engine has improved significantly due to the improvements made in the past five years, which the Company believes has translated into higher sales. Inlength.

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addition, continued economic growth     For both the above YC6G and YC6J engines, Yuchai has also developed CNG/LPG variants, using similar major components. The main applications are found in China, together with the development of new highway infrastructure, has resulted in greater demand for long-haul,public buses.
     (III) Heavy-Duty Engines (6K)
YC6K National-III, National-IV heavy-duty trucks. As a result, sales of the 6112 engine increased from 15,371 units in 2002 to 20,472 units in 2003, 24,073 units in 2004 but declined to 14,788 units in 2005 due to shrinking demand arising from the Chinese Government’s macroeconomic cooling-off measures. The Company also commenced engine development work on its new heavy-duty 6L and 6M engines in 2003. In 2003, 2004 and 2005, Yuchai sold 62 units, 963 units and 782 units of the 6L engine, respectively. In addition, 818 units and 3,471 units of the 6M engine were sold in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Due mainly to the credit tightening by buyers in China, there are more customers buying the 4-Series light-duty engines because the average selling price of the light-duty11L-13L, 6-cylinders diesel engine is lower thanour latest product for trucks of 12 metric tons and above and for coaches exceeding 12 metres in length. YC6K is on track to begin commercial production in early 2010.
     (IV) Marine Diesel Engines (6C, 6T)
YC6C and YC6T are our latest products in marine engines and power generators. Production is scheduled for end of 2009.
     In December 2006, Yuchai established a wholly-owned subsidiary called Xiamen Yuchai Diesel Engines Co., Ltd. This new subsidiary was established to facilitate the mediumconstruction of a new diesel engine assembly factory in Xiamen Fujian province in China. The projected assembly capacity for the initial phase is approximately 30,000 engines and heavy-dutyis expected to incur investment costs of Rmb 186.0 million (US$27.1 million) for the new factory and equipment. This new factory was expected to be ready for commercial production by the fourth quarter of 2008, however, this has now been deferred to the fourth quarter of 2009.
     On April 10, 2007, Yuchai signed a Cooperation Framework Agreement with Geely and Yinlun to consider establishing a proposed joint venture company to develop diesel engines.engines for passenger cars in China. The location of the proposed joint venture was to be at Tiantai, Zhejiang Province in China. Yuchai was to be the largest shareholder followed by Geely as the second largest shareholder. In December 2007, further to the Cooperation Framework Agreement, Yuchai entered into an Equity Joint Venture Agreement with Geely and Yinlun, to form two joint venture companies in Tiantai, Zhejiang Province and Jining, Shandong Province. The joint venture companies (“JV Cos”) will be primarily engaged in the development, production and sales of a proprietary diesel engine and its parts for passenger vehicles. The main product is a 4D2.0L diesel engine and the technology for this new diesel engine will be purchased by the JV Cos from Geely subject to certain specified design technology standards being met. The total design production capacity of both JV Cos will be 300,000 diesel units, with each JV Co starting with a capacity for 50,000 diesel engine units and then adding capacity to reach 150,000 units annually. Yuchai will be the controlling shareholder with 52 percent with Geely and Yinlun holding 30 percent and 18 percent shareholding respectively in both JV Cos. As of December 31, 2008, the two JV Cos have been duly incorporated. There can be no assurance that the joint venture companies will be successful. See “Item 3. Key Information — Risk Factors — Risks relating to our company and our business — If we are not able to continuously improve our existing engine products and develop new diesel engine products, or successfully enter into other market segments, we may become less competitive, and our financial condition, results of operations, business and prospects will be adversely affected.”
The following table sets forth Yuchai’s list of engines by application:
Series
TrucksYC4D, YC4E, YC4F, YC4G, YC6A, YC6G
BusYC6M Mono-fuel, YC6M, YC6L, YC6J, YC6J mono-fuel, YC6G
ConstructionYC4B, YC4F, YC6J125G, YC6M, YC4108G/ZG, YC6108G/ZG
AgricultureYC4AT, YC4BT, YC6AT, YC6BT, YC4BT, YC4F
MarineYC6112, YC6015/08, YC4108C, YC6M, YC6A/6B
G-DriveYC4D, YC6A190D(A8100), YC6A225D(A8500), YC6B125D, YC6B145D, YC6B180D, YC6B150D, YC6M,
YC6T600L
Light-Duty Diesel Engines
4-Series Light-Duty Diesel Engines
     The 4-Series engines are developed to produce short-range and smaller engines for lightweight cars and trucks. Trial production of the 4-Series engines commenced in late 1999 and today, they represent at stable of reliable and high performance engines and comprise:
The 4110Q engines were developed primarily to compete in the light-duty diesel engine market. Sales of the 4110 engines in 2000 were weak due to strong competition, minor technical problems and a high pricing structure.
The 4108 engine was launched in the market in 2001 based on the 6105 and the 6108 engines. The 4108 engine is designed for light trucks and passenger vehicles and commercial production of the 4108 engine began in 2001.

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The 4112 engine was primarily based on the 6112 engine and is designed for use in light to medium-duty cargo trucks and buses. The 4112 engine also features a low emission level that is compliant with Euro II standards. Commercial production of the 4112 engine began in late 2001.
The 4F/4G engine is a four-cylinder, four-stroke engine with a rated power ranging from 90 to 115 horsepower. The 4F/4G diesel engines were developed based on technologies from Germany and Japan for mini buses, trucks and passenger cars. Trial production of 4F engines commenced in mid-2004.
     Significant improvements to the technical specifications of the 4-Series engines have resulted in higher customer acceptance resulting in consistent sales since 2005. The sales have been buoyed by the growth in demand for light trucks and agricultural machinery, and the Chinese government’s increasing its financial support for the agricultural sector. Yuchai expects the continuing growth of the 4-series engines to become a significant contributor to its sales growth.
Medium-Duty Diesel Engines
6105 Medium-Duty Diesel Engines
     The 6105 medium-duty engine is a six-cylinder, four-stroke engine that offers up to 230 horsepower. The 6105 engine was historically Yuchai’s primary product and was principally installed in medium-duty trucks. However, inYuchai believes that its 6105 engine has a reputation for fuel efficiency, low noise levels, firm uphill traction and reliability.
6108 Medium-Duty Diesel Engines
     In response to the introduction of high-power medium-duty engines by its competitors in 1995, Yuchai has been increasingbegan the development of its production and sales efforts on the 6108 medium-duty engine. In 2002, Yuchai produced 39,644 units ofengine which offers improved overall performance compared to the 6105 engine, representing 27.4%principally because of Yuchai’s totalgreater horsepower, increased reliability and improved acceleration.
     Commercial production volume of 144,463 units for that year. Yuchai produced 43,325 units of the 61056108 engine began in 2003, representing 24.0%the third quarter of total production volume of 180,423 units. In 2004,1997, when Yuchai produced 55,910 units of the 6105 engine representing 24.4% of total production volume of 229,210 units. In 2005, Yuchai produced 70,052 units of the 6105 engine representing 29.2% of total production volume of 240,061 units. A significant driver of these production increases has been continuing demand for agricultural machinery equipment in China. See “— Products — Medium-Duty Diesel Engines — 6105 Engines”.
6108 Medium-Duty Diesel Engines
     The 6108 medium-duty engine is an overall improvement over the 6105 medium-duty engine. In particular, the Company expectsbegan offering the 6108 engine to enhanceits customers as a premium model, along-side its standard 6105 engine. Commercial production of the 6108 engine began in the third quarter of 1997, when Yuchai began offering the 6108 engine to its customers as a premium model, along-side its standard 6105 engine. Yuchai’s competitivenessexisting and planned production facilities for medium-duty diesel engines are designed to produce 6108 engines without major modification. The customer base for the 6108 engines is similar to that for the 6105 engines. Although the increased competition in the medium-duty diesel market and Yuchai’s delay in commercially introducing the 6108 engine had adversely affected Yuchai’s market in China.share, through an aggressive marketing program which included brand building and enhancing corporate image, Yuchai was able to increase its unit sales of the 6108 engine. In 2002, 2003 and 2004, unit sales of the 6108 engine exceeded unit salesengines were higher than the 6105 engines. The trend reversed in 2005 due to the introduction of the 6105 engine. However,Euro III emission standard which resulted in an increase in the prices of the 6108 engine resulting in a reduction in market demand. In 2007, however, unit sales of the 6108 engines was less than the 6105 enginesengine increased by approximately 41.0% over that achieved in 20052006, partly due to poor market demandsales to customers for end use in the 6108 engines, due mainly to increased pricing arising from conversion to Euro III environmental standards. See “— Products — Medium-Dutyconstruction industry.
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines — 6108 Engines”.
     Yuchai produced 61,950 units of the 6108 engine in 2002, representing 42.9% of Yuchai’s total production volume of 144,463 units for the year. In 2003, Yuchai produced 64,054 units of the 6108 engine, representing 35.5% of Yuchai’s total production volume of 180,423 units. In 2004, Yuchai produced 62,394 units of the 6108 engine, representing 27.2% of Yuchai’s total production volume of 229,210 units. In 2005, Yuchai produced 35,627 units of the 6108 engine, or 14.8% of Yuchai’s total production volume of 240,061 units for the year.
6112 Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines
     In 1992, Yuchai purchased from an affiliate of Ford Motor Company in Brazil the production line machinery for manufacturing 6112 heavy-duty engines and moved the production line machinery to a factory in China, (the “6112which we refer to as the 6112 Engine Factory”).Factory. The facilities were designed to have a production capacity of approximately 50,000 units of the 6112 engine per year and could support the production of medium-duty engines when necessary. In addition, theThe facilities could also performincluded product testing, production equipment repair and maintenance, factory automation and other support functions.
     The 6112 Engine Factory was completed in 1995 and commercial production was scheduledheavy-duty engine is a six-cylinder, four-stroke engine with a rated power ranging from 190 to commence in late 1997. However, primarily270 horsepower. Primarily as a result of the unreliable quality of key engine components supplied by China domestic component manufacturers, the 6112 engine encountered significant technical problems during the initial road testing and did notfailed to perform satisfactorily under harsh environmental conditions. Although commercial production of the 6112 engine was delayed beyond the previously scheduled date, Yuchai was able to resolve these technical problems and commence trial marketing of the 6112 engine in early 1999. CommercialThe 6112 Engine Factory was completed in 1995 and commercial production of these engines began in the second half of 1999. Due to the delay in commencement of commercial production, however, Yuchai was not able to benefit from the competitive advantages of an early entry into the domestic market for heavy-duty engines. Consequently, the volume of sales
     Production of the 6112 engine had been lower than previously expected. However, duringincreased steadily between 2002 salesand 2004 to meet an increase in demand. Sales of the 6112 engine had increased steadily to over 1,000 units per month, reaching 15,371 units in 2002. This higher level of customer acceptance of the 6112 engine had led to unit sales of 20,472 engines in 2003 which was an increase of 33.2% over 2002. In 2004, Yuchai further sold 24,073 units, which represented an increase of 17.6% over 2003. Indecreased between 2005 Yuchai sold 14,788 units, which represented a decrease of 38.6% over 2004and 2007, largely due to shrinking demand arising from the Chinese Government’sgovernment’s macroeconomic cooling-off measures. See “— Products — Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines”.
     Yuchai produced 17,201 units ofmeasures and competition. Production was also reduced in 2005 and 2006 to reflect the 6112 enginedecline in 2002, representing 11.9% of Yuchai’s total production volume of 144,463 units for that year. In 2003, Yuchai produced 22,024 units of the 6112 engine, representing 12.2% of Yuchai’s total productiondemand.

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volume of 180,423 units. In 2004, Yuchai produced 27,410 units of the 6112 engine, representing 12.0% of Yuchai’s total production volume of 229,210 units. In 2005, Yuchai produced 15,990 units of the 6112 engine, or 6.7% of total production volume of 240,061 units for the year.
6L Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines
     The 6L heavy-duty engine (formerly referred to as 6113) is a six-cylinder, four-stroke, turbocharged intercooling engine, with a rated power ranging from 280 to 350 horsepower. The 6L heavy-duty engine was co-developed with FEV, an independent German-owned engine development institute for big passenger buses. Yuchai’s first sales ofYuchai launched the 6L engine occurred in November 2003. In 2003, 2004 and 2005, Yuchai sold 62 units, 963 units and 782 units of the 6L engine, respectively.
6M Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines
     The 6M heavy-duty engine family for heavy-duty trucks and passenger buses were developed based on technologies from USA, Japan and Germany in accordance with FEV procedures. The 6M engine has adopted the unique combustion system technology of German FEV and the European forced cooling piston technology. It has a 10 liter10-liter displacement and power ranging from 280 to 390 horsepower. Yuchai’s first commercial sales of 6M engines occurred in January 2004. Sales increased between 2004 with total sales of 818 unitsand 2006 due to a strong growth in 2004. In 2005, Yuchai sold 3,471 units, which represented an increase of 324.3% over 2004.heavy-duty engine truck sector.
4-Series Light-Duty DieselIndustrial Engines
     Yuchai produces industrial engines such as excavator wheel loads, track tractors, forklifts and truck backhoes. The 4-Series light-dutymain products include the following 10 series: YC13, YC18, YC25, YC30, YC35, YC55, YC65, YC85, YC135 and YC225, and more than sixty types of full hydraulic-power small excavators. These engines compriseare equipped with advanced-level hydraulic parts. The products have passed the 4F, 4108, 4110, 4110Q, 4110ZQ and 4112 engines (collectively, the “4-Series engines”). See “— Products — Light-Duty Diesel Engines”.
     The 4110Q and 4110ZQ engines were developed to allow Yuchai to compete in the light-duty diesel engine market. Trial productionsafety certification of the 4110 engines commenced in late 1999. Sales of the 4110 engines in 2000 were weak due to strong competition, minor technical problems and a high pricing structure. Significant improvements to the technical specifications of the 4-Series light-duty engines have resulted in higher customer acceptance resulting in higher unit sales in 2003, 2004 and 2005.
     The 4108 engine was based on the 6105 and the 6108 engines. The 4108 engine is designed for light trucks and passenger vehicles. Trial production of the 4108 engine started in the third quarter of 2000, and commercial production of the 4108 engine began in 2001. The 4112 engine was primarily based on the 6112 engine. The 4112 engine is designedEuropean CE. These products are suitable for use in light- to medium-duty cargo trucksengineering construction and buses. The 4112 engine also features a low emission level that is compliant with Euro II standards. Trial production operations of the 4112 engine started in early 2001 and commercial production of the 4112 engine began in late 2001. Both the 4108 and 4112 engines have experienced minor technical problems which have since been resolved, and are facing strong competition.
     The 4F diesel engine is a four-cylinder, four-stroke engines with a rated power ranging from 90 to 115 horsepower. The 4F diesel engines were developed based on technologies from Germany and Japan for mini buses, trucks and passenger cars. Trial production of 4F engines commenced in mid-2004. Yuchai expects growth of these new engines to strengthen over the few years and become a significant contributor to sales growth for Yuchai. Yuchai produced 7,009 units of 4F engines in 2005 and embarked upon a major capital expenditure to increase the production capacity to 50,000 units per year by 2007. The expansion is expected to enable Yuchai to enter into light duty diesel engines market for light duty trucks, trucks and passenger cars.
     In 2002, Yuchai produced 23,773 units of the 4-Series engines in 2002, representing 16.5% of Yuchai’s total production volume of 144,463 units for that year. In 2003, Yuchai produced 50,264 units of the 4-Series engines, representing 27.9% of Yuchai’s total production volume of 180,423 units for that year. In 2004, Yuchai produced 79,498 units of the 4-Series engines, representing 34.7% of Yuchai’s total production volume of 229,210 units. In 2005, Yuchai produced 110,346 units of 4-Series engines, or 46.0% of Yuchai’s total production volume of 240,061 units. The increase in 4108 engines in 2005 is mainly due to increase in demand for light trucks and agricultural machineries.
Products
     Yuchai primarily manufactures and sells diesel engines for medium-duty trucks in China. Yuchai’s primary products are its 6105 and 6108 medium-duty engines, which are principally used in medium-duty trucks with a load capacity of five to seven tons. In addition, Yuchai also offers the 4-Series light-duty engines and the 6112 heavy-duty engines. See “— Product Development”. The following table sets forth the technical specifications of the 4F engine, the 4110ZQ engine, the 6105 engine, the 6108 engine, the 6112 engine, the 6L engine and the 6M engine:

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Type and Technical              
Specifications 4F Engine* 4110ZQ Engine 6105 Engine 6108 Engine 6112 Engine 6L Engine* 6M Engine*
Type 4-stroke, 4-stroke, 4-stroke, 4-stroke, 4-stroke, 4-stroke, 4-stroke,
  turbo-charged, turbo-charged, turbo-charged, Water-cooling, turbo-charged, turbo-charged, turbo-charged,
  inner-cooling or water-cooling, water-cooling, in-line vertical inner-cooling, inner-cooling or inner-cooling or
  water-cooling, in-line vertical in-line vertical   water-cooling, water-cooling, water-cooling,
  in-line vertical       in-line vertical 4 valve per 4 valve per
            cylinder in-line cylinder in-line
            vertical vertical
               
Rated Power 115 horsepower 136 horsepower 230 horsepower 240 horsepower 270 horsepower 350 horsepower 390 horsepower
  (66 – 85 kw) (118 kw) (170 kw) (206 kw) (221 kw) (243 kw) (288 kw)
               
Number of Cylinders 4 4 6 6 6 6 6
               
Cylinder Displacement 2.66L 4.257L 6.494L 7.255L 7.8L 8.424L 9.84L
               
Rated Speed 3200 r/min 2800 r/min 2500 r/min 2300 r/min 2400 r/min 2200 r/min 2100 r/min
               
Maximum Torque 300 N.m 392 N.m 810 N.m 1100 N.m 980 N.m 1400 N.m 1680 N.m
               
Speed at Maximum Torque 2200 r/min 1600 r/min 1700 r/min 1600 r/min 1500 r/min 1400 r/min 1600 r/min
               
Bore x Stroke 92 x 100 mm 110 x 112 mm 105 x 125 mm 108 x 132 mm 112 x 132 mm 113 x 140 mm 120 x 145 mm
               
Minimum Fuel Consumption £ 203 g/kw.h < 200 g/kw.h < 200 g/kw.h < 196 g/kw.h < 195 g/kw.h < 198 g/kw.h < 193 g/kw.h
               
Consumption Ratio of Oil to Fuel £ 0.2% < 0.5% < 0.1% < 0.15% < 0.1% < 0.1% < 0.1%
               
Noise £ 96 dB(A) < 99 dB(A) < 99 dB(A) < 97 dB(A) < 97 dB(A) < 97 dB(A) < 96 dB(A)
               
Smoke £ 2 Bosch < 3.5 Bosch < 2.5 Bosch < 2.5 Bosch < 2.5 Bosch < 2 Bosch < 2 Bosch
               
Net Machine Weight 320 kg 350 kg 650 kg 600 kg 700 kg 750 kg 880 kg
               
Dimensions 800 x 576 x 950 x 600 x 1226 x 803 x 1234 x 800 x 1184 x 823 x 1330 x 800 x 1343 x 651 x
(length x width x height) 767 mm 750 mm 1012 mm 1100 mm 1040 mm 1100 mm 1095 mm
*Yuchai’s 6L and 6M engines have a rated power ranging from 280 to 390 horsepower.
     Besides diesel engines, Yuchai also produces a limited number of diesel power generators and diesel engine parts. The following table sets forth a breakdown of Yuchai’s sales by major product category for each of the three years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively:
                                     
  2003  2004  2005 
      % of  Units      % of  Units      % of  Units 
Product Revenues, net  Revenues, net  Sold  Revenues, net  Revenues, net  Sold  Revenues, net  Revenues, net  Sold 
  Rmb          Rmb          Rmb         
  (in thousands)          (in thousands)          (in thousands)         
Diesel engines                                    
6105  911,190   19.9%  44,131   1,143,535   20.5%  50,609   1,748,847   30.0%  69,379 
6108  1,504,140   32.9%  61,361   1,372,073   24.6%  57,908   810,859   13.9%  37,560 
6112  1,003,791   22.0%  20,472   1,203,558   21.6%  24,073   786,989   13.5%  14,788 
6L  3,697   0.1%  62   60,056   1.1%  963   46,603   0.8%  782 
6M           37,312   0.6%  818   146,677   2.5%  3,471 
4-Series  769,805   16.8%  46,022   1,183,992   21.2%  71,562   1,607,096   27.6%  103,598 
Diesel power generators & others(1)
  377,327   8.3%  171   581,569   10.4%  695   682,360   11.7%  650 
                            
Total  4,569,950   100.0%  172,219   5,582,095   100.0%  206,628   5,829,431   100.0%  230,228 
                            
(1)Units sold relate mainly to agricultural and industrial engines.

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Medium-Duty Diesel Engines
6105 Engines
     The 6105 medium-duty engine is a six-cylinder, four-stroke engine that offers up to 230 horsepower, and is principally installed in medium-duty trucks. Yuchai believes that its 6105 engine has a reputation for fuel efficiency, low noise levels, firm uphill traction and reliability. Yuchai also believes that its manufacturing quality control and the design of its engine blocks, which are thicker than those of its major domestic competitors as well as leading international manufacturers, make its engines more durable.
     In response to the introduction of high-power medium-duty engines by its competitors in 1995, Yuchai began development of its 6108 medium-duty engine. Commercial production of the 6108 engine began in the third quarter of 1997. In 2002, 2003 and 2004, unit sales of the 6108 engine exceeded unit sales of the 6105 engine. However, unit sales of the 6108 engines was less than the 6105 engines in 2005 due to poor market demand for the 6108 engines. As a result of the more stringent Euro III environmental compliance standards (see “Item 3. Key Information — Risk Factors — Risks relating to our company and our business — We may be adversely affected by environmental regulations”), Yuchai’s 6108 diesel engines have experienced increased production costs making the sales price more expensive.
6108 Engines
     The 6108 engine offers improved overall performance compared to the 6105 engine, principally because of greater horsepower, increased reliability and improved acceleration. Commencing in the third quarter of 1997, Yuchai began offering the 6108 engine to its customers as a premium model, along-side its standard 6105 engine, and plans to eventually replace the 6105 engine with the 6108 engine. Yuchai’s existing and planned production facilities for medium-duty diesel engines are designed to be capable of producing 6108 engines without major modification.
     Yuchai sells its 6108 engine to a similar customer base to that which previously bought its 6105 engines. Although the increased competition in the medium-duty diesel market and Yuchai’s delay in commercially introducing the 6108 engine had adversely affected Yuchai’s market share, through an aggressive marketing program which included brand building and enhancing corporate image, Yuchai was able to increase its unit sales of the 6108 engine by 30.2% to 31,667 units in 2001 from 2000. Unit sales of the 6108 further increased to 58,042 units in 2002, representing an increase of 83.3% over 2001. Due to the overall decline in the medium-duty truck market in China in 2003, medium-duty engines also decreased in unit quantity resulting in Yuchai achieving 61,361 units in 2003 as compared to 58,042 units in 2002, and sales of 57,908 units in 2004. In 2005, unit sales of the 6108 engine decreased by 35.1% to 37,560 units as compared to 57,908 units in 2004. There can be no assurance, however, that Yuchai will be able to maintain or improve its current market share or develop new markets for the 6108 engine.
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines
     The 6112 heavy-duty engine is a six-cylinder, four-stroke engine with a rated power ranging from 190 to 270 horsepower. Primarily as a result of unreliable key engine components supplied by domestic component manufacturers, the 6112 engine encountered significant technical problems during initial road testing and failed to perform satisfactorily under harsh environmental conditions. Although commercial production of the 6112 engine was delayed beyond the previously scheduled date, Yuchai was able to resolve these technical problems and commence trial marketing of the engine in early 1999. Commercial production of these engines began during the second half of 1999. In 2003, 2004 and 2005, Yuchai produced 22,024, 27,410 and 15,990 units of the 6112 engine, respectively. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Overview”. With higher levels of acceptance by customers, however, 6112 engine unit sales have decreased in 2005 as compared to 2004 due to poor market conditions generally attributable to the Chinese government’s measures for the tightening of credit supply within the banking sector in China to minimize overheating of the economy.
     The 6L and 6M heavy-duty diesel engine are six-cylinder, four-stroke engines with a rated power ranging from 280 to 390 horsepower. Yuchai’s first sales of the 6L occurred in November 2003, and Yuchai expects growth of these two new engines to strengthen over the next few years and become a significant contributor to sales growth for Yuchai. Early in 2003, Yuchai embarked upon a major capital expenditure program to increase the production capacity of heavy-duty engines by 20,000 units per year. The expansion is expected to enable Yuchai to enter the higher margin market for engines over 300 horsepower, while eventually reducing its cost base by replacing imported engine blocks and cylinder heads with production from Yuchai’s new foundry.
Light-Duty Diesel Engines
     The 4-Series engines utilize much of the same technology as the 6112 heavy-duty engine, modified to produce short-range and reduced cylinder engines for lightweight cars and trucks. Despite their relatively small size (less than half the size of the 6112 engine), they have the advantages of the 6112 engine, including reliability, high performance and a long life span. Due to its versatility, the 4110Q engine is suitable for light vehicles and agricultural trucks. The 4110ZQ engine, with featuresindustries such as a low emission level that is compliant with Euro II standardstransportation, farmland, municipal construction and low noise levels, is well-suited for light commercial vehicles and medium-size passenger vehicles. Trial production of the 4-Series engines commenced in late 1999. In 2000, due to strong competition in the light-duty diesel engine market, minor technical problems and the high pricing structure of the 4-Series engines, only 1,175 of the 2,220 units which it produced were sold. In 2002, Yuchai achieved sales of 20,735 units, which is a significant increase compared to 2001. In 2003, sales of the 4-Series engines further increased to 46,022 units, representing an increase of 122.0% over 2002. In 2004, sales of the 4-Series engines increased to 71,562 units, representing an increase of 55.0% over 2003. In 2005, sales of the 4-Series engines increased to 103,598 units, representing an increase of 44.8% over 2004. The increase in 4108 engines in 2005 is mainly due to increased in

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demand for light trucks and agricultural machineries due to their lower pricing relative to Yuchai’s other models, making them more affordable to customers.water conservancy.
     An important part of Yuchai’s business strategy is to continually achieve higher standards of quality in its diesel engines. Yuchai believes that its engines have an established reputation among truck manufacturers and end-users for durability and quality. Due to poor road conditions, lack of engine maintenance by end-users and the common practice of overloading trucks in China, Yuchai believes that the reliability and durability of its engines are critical factors in maintaining competitiveness. By further improving the reliability and overall quality of its engines and controlling the costs of production, Yuchai believes it can command higher prices for its engines than its competitors and remain competitive in China.
Other Products
Diesel Power Generators
     Yuchai has a history of more than 40 years for producing diesel generator set, with wide application in civil, military and marine sectors. Yuchai produces diesel power generators which are primarily used in the construction and mining industries. The diesel power generators offer a rated power of 12 kilowatts to 160 kilowatts. Yuchai’s diesel power generators use both the 6105 and 6108 medium-duty engines as their power source. The Genset includes an intelligent digital controlling system, remote control, group control, remote monitoring, automatic parallel operation, and automation protection against breakdown.
Special Vehicles
     Yuchai also produces special vehicles such as waste transfer equipment, constrictive dumpcart, demountable carriage dumpcart, pendular dumpcart, dumpcart, adsorb dung vehicle, tank car and others.
Diesel Engine Parts
     Yuchai supplies diesel engine parts to its nationwide chain of customer service stations.stations in China. Although sales of diesel engine parts do not constitute a major percentage of Yuchai’s net revenues, the availability of such parts to its customers and to end-users through its nationwide chain of customer service stations is an important part of Yuchai’s customer service program.
Sales
     In 2000, Yuchai began commercial production of the light-duty 4-Series engines. Strong competition and high pricing structure, contributed to weak sales of the 4-Series engines. However, during the credit tightening period of 2005 to 2006, the 4-Series engines became more affordable compared to the medium-duty engines contributing to increased sales during such period.
     Yuchai entered the commercial production and marketing of the 6112 heavy-duty engine in 1999. The product enjoyed steady growth and witnessed declining sales in 2005 to 2006 due to the austerity measures introduced by the central government in China. Yuchai also commenced engine development work on its new heavy-duty 6L and 6M engines in 2003. These two series of engines enjoyed steady growth due to its quality, market suitability and competitive cost.

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     The following table sets forth a breakdown of Yuchai’s sales by major product category for each of the three years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively:
                                     
  2005 2006 2007
      % of         % of         % of  
  Revenues, Revenues, Units Revenues, Revenues, Units Revenues, Revenues, Units
  net net Sold net net Sold net net Sold
  Rmb (in thousands) Rmb (in thousands) Rmb (in thousands)
Diesel engines                                    
6105  1,744,953   30.0%  69,379   1,705,399   24.6%  66,627   2,132,590   22.3%  80,567 
6108  809,054   13.9%  37,560   991,190   14.3%  45,562   1,424,391   14.9%  64,248 
6112  785,236   13.5%  14,788   725,288   10.5%  14,150   643,373   6.7%  12,741 
6L  46,501   0.8%  782   98,060   1.4%  1,526   312,268   3.3%  5,079 
6M  146,349   2.5%  3,471   267,657   3.9%  6,654   564,909   5.9%  14,296 
4-Series  1,551,319   26.7%  103,598   2,222,531   32.1%  148,941   3,258,449   34.1%  206,558 
Diesel power generators & others(1)
  733,328   12.6%  650   910,403   13.2%    123   1,220,323   12.8%   188 
   
   5,816,740   100.0%  230,228   6,920,528   100.0%  283,583   9,556,303   100.0%  383,677 
(1)Others mainly represent the revenues earned through sales of motor vehicle chassis and power generators, and from guarantee fees.
Production
     Yuchai’s primary manufacturing facilities are located in Yulin City in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The principal production land area currently occupies approximately 960,900 square meters, including the existing production factory for the 6105 medium-duty engines, the existing production factory for the 6108 medium-duty engine, or the 6108 Engine Factory, the 6112 Engine Factory and various testing and supporting facilities.
     During 2005, Yuchai increased production capacity to approximately 290,000 units after the completion of the second foundry and new 6L and 6M heavy-duty engines assembly lines. In 2006 and 2007, production capacity was approximately 325,000 and 400,000 units, respectively, based on 2.5 shifts five-day week.
     The following table sets forth the breakdown of Yuchai’s production by major product category for each of the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007.
                                         
  2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
      % of     % of     % of     % of     % of
      total     total     total     total     total
  Units units Units units Units units Units units Units units
                                         
Diesel Engines:                                        
6105  43,325   24.0%  55,910   24.4%  70,052   29.2%  66,439   23.9%  82,345   21.4%
                                         
6108  64,054   35.5%  62,394   27.2%  35,627   14.8%  39,057   14.1%  66,526   17.3%
                                         
6112  22,024   12.2%  27,410   12.0%  15,990   6.7%  14,358   5.2%  12,996   3.4%
                                         
6L  129   0.1%  1,444   0.6%  1,008   0.4%  1,366   0.5%  5,618   1.5%
                                         
6M  55   0.0%  1,594   0.7%  5,991   2.5%  7,331   2.6%  15,830   4.1%
                                         
4-Series  50,836   28.2%  80,458   35.1%  111,393   46.4%  149,347   53.7%  201,204   52.3%
                                         
                                         
Total  180,423   100.0%  229,210   100.0%  240,061   100.0%  277,898   100.0%  384,519   100.0%
                                         

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Procurement
     Yuchai manufactures engine blocks, cylinder heads, crankshaft, camshaft and certain other key parts. Third party suppliers provide the remaining engine parts. The production process involves the complete assembly and testing of the finished product. The key components for 6105, 6108 and 6112 are manufactured internally.
Engine Block
     Yuchai cast and molded approximately 180,000 engine blocks in 2007 representing a large portion of its engine blocks used in production. Contingency supply comes from a long term domestic supplier.
Pump
     Yuchai/ASIMCO Components Company Limited, or Yuchai/ASIMCO, is one of Yuchai’s principal suppliers of fuel injection pumps through two of its related companies.
     Yuchai/ASIMCO is a joint venture between Yuchai and a subsidiary of Asian Strategic Investments Corporation, or ASIMCO, that invests in factories in China that produce parts and components for diesel engines. ASIMCO is a joint venture among The Pacific Alliance Group Limited, Dean Witter Capital Corporation and TCW Capital Investment Corporation. As of December 31, 2007, Yuchai had contributed Rmb 5.7 million to Yuchai/ASIMCO and owned a 8.0% interest in the common stock of Yuchai/ASIMCO.
Raw Materials
     Yuchai purchases raw materials, principally steel and cast iron, from domestic suppliers. There has been an increase in the prices of these raw materials which increases our costs of production. See “Item 3. Key Information — Risk Factors — Risks relating to our company and our business — If China’s inflation worsens or the prices of energy or raw materials continue to rise, we may not be able to pass the resulting increased costs to our customers and this may adversely affect our profitability or cause us to suffer operating losses”
Imports
     The main parts for the 6112 heavy-duty engine, which comprise engine blocks, cylinder heads, crankshaft and fuel injection pumps, are imported from foreign suppliers. The remaining parts are purchased from the domestic suppliers. Yuchai reduced its reliance on imported parts and components in 2006 and expects to further reduce its reliance on such imported parts and components in 2007.
     Yuchai has a policy of practising sound procurement policy by requiring the same product procurement from at least two distinct sources. The same practice applies to all other externally procured engine parts. Yuchai is continually seeking to improve its procurement strategy by seeking new suppliers with competitive prices and quality. For contingency supply of engine blocks, Yuchai has a long term purchase agreement with one domestic foundry.
Quality Assurance, Control & Safety
     All raw materials, external supplied parts and components are checked for conformity with the required quality and specifications. Each stage of the production process is monitored by a quality control procedure and the final product undergoes standard conformity and specification testing using automated testing laboratory.
     To promote the safety of its workers, Yuchai has established a safety department to supervise the proper use of equipment, prevent fire and explosions and promote safe practices and procedures in the workplace.
Manufacturing Capacity Expansions
     Yuchai believes that the current production capacity of all engine lines will meet the expected demand in the short- term. Yuchai is continuously assessing the market demand and devising production strategies to secure market opportunities.
     During 2000, at the State Holding Company’s initiative, Yuchai established two new companies involved in the manufacture and sale of spare parts and components for diesel engines in China. Yuchai contributed a total of Rmb 105.0 million in assets to the companies and received equity interests of 71.8% and 97.0%, respectively, in the two companies. During 2002, Yuchai increased its equity interest in Guangxi Yulin Yuchai Machinery Spare Parts Manufacturing Company Limited (now known as Guangxi Yulin Yuchai Accessories Manufacturing Company Limited), the subsidiary involved in the manufacture of spare parts, from 97.0% to 97.1% by an additional contribution of Rmb 4.3 million. The State Holding Company owns the remaining equity interests in these companies. Yuchai established these new companies to ensure access to a consistent and quality supply of spare parts and components for its diesel engines and to improve the quality of its customer service by maintaining a regular supply of these spare parts.

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     In early 2003, Yuchai started a capital expenditure program to increase the production capacity of heavy-duty engines by 20,000 units per year. This expansion included a new foundry that manufactured engine blocks and cylinder heads to reduce Yuchai’s reliance on imports and thus reducing the overall cost of the product.
Research and Development
     Yuchai has committed substantial resources to continually improve the technology of its products and maintain the competitiveness of its products. Yuchai’s internal development effort focuses primarily on designing new products, improving manufacturing processes and adapting foreign technology to the Chinese market. Yuchai has committed 3% of its revenue annually to continually improve the technology of its products. In addition, Yuchai plans to continue to acquire advanced technology from Chinese research institutes, foreign engine design consulting firms and foreign diesel engine and engine parts manufacturers. As of December 31, 2007, Yuchai employed over 617 engineers, approximately 298 of whom were devoted to research and development, product enhancement and new designs while the remaining were in the production department and after sales service. In 2005, 2006 and 2007, Yuchai spent approximately Rmb 123.8 million, Rmb 167.7 million and Rmb 153.1 million (US$22.4 million) respectively, on research and development. Yuchai believes that it has been able to control to some extent the increase of research and development expenses due to the relatively low salary levels of engineers in China. The increase in research and development costs in 2006 is mainly due to higher expenditures relating to Yuchai’s engine development of Euro III and IV compliant engines. In 2007, Yuchai’s research and development efforts were focused on the development of new products such as heavy duty engines 6T and 6K and Euro V prototype products.
Future Products
     Yuchai believes that the long-term business prospects will largely depend upon its ability to develop and introduce new or improved products with higher quality and competitive pricing. Future products may utilize different technologies and may require knowledge of markets that Yuchai does not currently possess.
     Presently, Yuchai is heavily dependent on foreign engine design consulting firms and foreign engine manufacturers for technological assistance in improving its products and developing new products, and expects such dependence to continue. The introduction of new diesel engine products will also require significant capital expenditures, such as purchases of foreign manufacturing equipment and technologies.
Sales, Marketing and Services
Sales and Marketing
     Yuchai distributes most of its engines directly to auto plants and retailersagents from its primary manufacturing facilities in Yulin City. In addition, Yuchai operates 31a number of regional sales offices in major geographic regions in China. With a sales force of approximately 609800 persons nationwide in China, Yuchai provides a comprehensive range of services to its customers, including dispatching engineers to provide on-site assistance to major customers in the resolution of technical problems.
     Yuchai promotes its products primarily through television commercials, advertisements in newspapers and industry journals. Since 1993, Yuchai has been sponsoring an annual program, “User Service Week”,Month,” during which Yuchai provides its customer service stations with information brochures, customer suggestion cards for the improvement of Yuchai’s service and small gifts for end-users. In connection with this promotion, Yuchai’s customer service stations also perform routine maintenance checks and minor repairs on end-users’ diesel engines free of charge. Yuchai believes that its promotional efforts are unusual for an automotive component company in China and lead to greater brand name recognition among end-users. Yuchai further believes that it leads its competitors in providing high quality after-sales services by its more than 1,200 service stations which are able to provide emergency services to its end-users within a 40-km radius in central, eastern and southern part of China.
     Advertising expenses decreased by 7.0%59.6% to Rmb 45.317.2 million (US$2.5 million) in 2007 from Rmb 42.6 million in 2005 from Rmb 48.7 million in 20042006 due to lower spendinga change in focus to more public-relations related activities and on television and road signboard advertising in 2005.the quality of after-sales services. Sales commissions increased to Rmb 39.458.7 million (US$8.6 million) in 20052007 compared to Rmb 11.632.2 million in 20042006 due to higher commission givenincrease in sales commissions to promoteYuchai’s dealers on certain types of engines and an increase in the salesvolume of new products such as 6L and 6M heavy duty diesel engines.sales.
     Yuchai believes that proximity to its factories in Yulin City is an important factor in the geographical make-up of its customers. Due in part to transportation and shipping costs, a substantial majority of Yuchai’s engines are sold to customers in southern and central eastern China. In addition, a very small percentage of Yuchai’s products are exported outside China, as the following table indicates:

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 2005 2006 2007
 % of % of % of  
 Sales Sales Unit Sales Sales Unit Sales Sales Unit
                                     Revenue Revenue Sales Revenue Revenue Sales Revenue Revenue Sales
 2003 2004 2005  Rmb Rmb Rmb 
 Sales Revenue % of Sales Revenue Unit Sales Sales Revenue % of Sales Revenue Unit Sales Sales Revenue % of Sales Revenue Unit Sales  (in thousands) (in thousands) (in thousands) 
 Rmb (’000) Rmb (’000) Rmb (’000)  
Total Domestic Sales 4,546,383  99.48% 171,769 5,518,582  98.86% 204,812 5,715,804  98.05% 226,073  5,703,360  98.05% 226,073 6,893,551  99.6% 282,516 9,533,767  99.8% 382,810 
 
Total Export Sales 23,567  0.52% 450 63,513  1.14% 1,816 113,627  1.95% 4,155  113,380  1.95% 4,155 26,977  0.4% 1,067 22,536  0.2% 867 
                                      
 4,569,950  100.0% 172,219 5,582,095  100.0% 206,628 5,829,431  100.0% 230,228  5,816,740  100.0% 230,228 6,920,528  100.0% 283,583 9,556,303  100.0% 383,677 
                                      
     Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Cuba and Kazakhstan (in descending order) represented Yuchai’s top five export markets in 2005 in terms of numberunit sales. In 2006, the top five export markets of units.Yuchai (in descending order) are Vietnam, Cuba, Egypt, Algeria and Malaysia. In particular, Yuchai exported 130, 510339, 700 and 33912,000 diesel engine units to Cuba in 2003, 20042005, 2006 and 2005,2007 respectively. In April 2006, Yuchai signed a memorandum of understanding with the Cuban government for the export by Yuchai of approximately 20,000 diesel engines over the next four years. Yuchai does not expect that sales pursuant to this memorandum of understanding will have a material impact on its unit production or sales revenue. In 2007, the top five export markets of Yuchai (in descending order) are Cuba, Vietnam, Russia, Egypt and Saudi Arabia.
     Yuchai’s sales are concentrated among the Dongfeng Group, one of the largest state-owned automobile companies in China, and other major diesel truck manufacturers controlled by or affiliated with the Dongfeng Group. Sales to the Dongfeng Group accounted for approximately 31.3%, 28.8%19.8% and 19.8%21.7% of Yuchai’s total net revenues in 2003, 20042005 and 2005, respectively.2006. In 2007, the Dongfeng Group accounted for 20.8% of total net revenues, of which our two largest customers, Liuzhou Dongfeng Automobile and Hubei Dongfeng Automobile, accounted for 10.4%. The Dongfeng Group is also a major competitor of Yuchai. See “— Competition”.Competition.”
     Yuchai has been continuing its sales efforts to retailers and end-users of diesel engines. Yuchai seeks to encourage end-users of gas engine trucks to replace their gas engines with Yuchai diesel engines by advertising the advantages of diesel engines. Such sales of replacement engines are generally made through customer service centers at a retail price, which is higher than the sales price to truck manufacturers.
     Customers’ orders with Yuchai can be cancelled either by Yuchai or its customers prior to delivery in accordance with the sales contracts. As part of Yuchai’s credit procedures to control and manage its trade accounts receivables, Yuchai would hold shipments for delivery if customers’ credit position is not satisfactory or if customers have not made payments for earlier deliveries. There can be no assurance that such cost-controlling measures will successfully control Yuchai’s trade receivable balance, or that they will not adversely affect the future purchase decisions of Yuchai’s customers. Yuchai had net trade accounts receivable of Rmb 875.6 million as of December 31, 2004, representing 25.2% of the Company’s total current assets at the same date. As of December 31, 2005, Yuchai had net trade accounts receivable of Rmb 1,146.21,178.9 million, representing 27.5%27.9% of our consolidated current assets as of the Company’s totalsame date. As of December 31, 2006, Yuchai had net trade accounts receivable of Rmb 1,480.9 million, representing 34.3% of our consolidated current assets as of the same date. As of December 31, 2007, Yuchai had net trade accounts receivable of Rmb 3,107.8 million (US$454.7 million), representing 54.4% of our consolidated current assets as of the same date.
Customer Service
     Yuchai believes that customer service is an important part of maintaining its market competitiveness. In addition to various services provided initially at its sales offices, Yuchai has a nationwide network of over 1,150 authorized service stations in China that provide repair and maintenance services, spare parts, retrofitting services and training to Yuchai’s customers. To ensure a consistently high level of service, Yuchai trains the technicians at each of these service stations. In addition, Yuchai also owns and operates over 20 repair training centers. Any warranty-related services or repairs will be borne by Yuchai. Other than above, all non-warranty activities will be charged to customers.
Yuchai’s customer service program emphasizes a fast turnaround time on repair requests. As part of this policy, Yuchai supplies authorized service stations with spare parts for repairs and requires these service stations to provide on-site assistance at the customer’s place of business within 12 to 24 hours, depending on the customer’s location.
     Yuchai provides a repair and replacement warranty for all of its engines. Prior to 1993, Yuchai’s warranty wasobligations vary depending upon the warranty type and such provisions are determined at fiscal year end based upon historical warranty cost per unit of engines sold adjusted for 12 months or 30,000 kilometers. In September 1993, Yuchai extended itsspecific conditions that may arise and the number of engines under warranty to 18 months or 50,000 kilometersat each financial year end. See “Item 5. Operating and in September 1994, Yuchai further extended its warranty from a period of 12 months or 120,000 kilometers to a period of 18 months or 180,000 kilometers, whichever is lower. For the years ended 2003, 2004Financial Review and 2005, warranty costs represented approximately 3.6%, 3.4% and 3.1% of net revenues, respectively.Prospects — Critical Accounting Policies — Product Warranty Obligations.”

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     In March 2004, at the State Holding Company’s initiative, Yuchai established a new company, Yuchai Express Guarantee Company Limited (“YEGCL”),Ltd, or YEGCL, which provides credit guarantee appraisal and consulting services to Yuchai’s customers to purchase

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trucks that are mounted with Yuchai’s diesel engines. Yuchai has contributed Rmb 100.0 million for the establishment of this company, in return for 76.9% of its share capital. YEGCL commenced operations in June 2004.
     Also in March 2004 Coomber and the State Holding Company established a related company, YMLC,is currently continuing to offer a complementary range of services with YEGCL. YMLC and YEGCL provide a range of complementary services, such as insurance, financing, warranty servicing, administrative and marketing services to independent Chinese truck operators. This was intended to facilitate sales and servicing of Yuchai products. Yuchai loaned approximately Rmb 205.0 million to YMLC in May 2004 (see also Note 5 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements appearing elsewhere herein).
Manufacturing
     Yuchai’s primary manufacturing facilities are located in Yulin City in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The principal production land area currently occupies approximately 960,900 square meters, including the existing production factoryservice for the 6105 medium-duty engines, theoutstanding guarantee obligations to its existing production factory for the 6108 medium-duty engine (the “6108 Engine Factory”), the 6112 Engine Factory and various testing and supporting facilities. In 2004, the annual production capacity of Yuchai’s manufacturing facilities was approximately 80,000 units of light-duty diesel engines, 120,000 units of medium-duty diesel engines and 50,000 units of heavy diesel engines. In 2004, with the completion of thecustomers until such obligations terminate but has ceased to provide new second foundry and 6L and 6M heavy-duty diesel engines lines, Yuchai’s total production capacity has increasedguarantees after 2006 to approximately 250,000 units at end 2004. Yuchai operated at less than full capacity in 2004. Yuchai’s total production capacity increased to approximately 290,000 units at end 2005, or 16% over 2004. The current production capacity is adequate to meet expected higher demand and unit sales from customers in the near future arising from the continued government spending onany new highways and other infrastructure development projects in China.customers.
     Yuchai’s production process involves the manufacture of key components and the assembly of the diesel engines from components and parts internally manufactured or purchased from third parties. Yuchai manufactures a substantial portion of the key components of its diesel engines, including the engine block, cylinder heads, crankshaft and camshaft. Yuchai cast and molded approximately 250,000 engine blocks in 2005, satisfying almost all of its engine block needs in 2005. When necessary, Yuchai is able to purchase additional engine blocks from a domestic foundry under an existing requirement contract. Yuchai/ASIMCO Components Company Limited (“Yuchai/ASIMCO”) is one of Yuchai’s principal suppliers of fuel injection pumps through two of its related companies. Yuchai purchases the remaining parts and components for its 6105 engines as well as raw materials, principally steel and cast iron, from domestic suppliers. Yuchai does not believe that it is dependent on any one supplier as it generally purchases supplies from at least two sources (except with respect to engine blocks where Yuchai currently has a purchase arrangement only with the domestic foundry referred to above). Yuchai manufactures internally the same key components for its 6108 engine as it does for the 6105 engine and purchases the remaining parts and components for its 6108 engine from domestic suppliers. The main parts for the 6112 heavy-duty engine, which are the engine blocks, cylinder heads, crankshaft and fuel pumps, are imported from foreign suppliers and the other parts are purchased from domestic suppliers. Yuchai expects to further reduce its reliance on imported parts and components in 2006.Trademarks
     To ensure that its standards and specifications are met, Yuchai conducts routine checks at each stage of the production process, tests each diesel engine prior to delivery to the customer, and inspects all raw materials, parts and components purchased from suppliers to ensure that they meet Yuchai’s requirements. To promote the safety of its workers, Yuchai has established a safety department to supervise the proper use of equipment, prevent fire and explosions and promote safe practices and procedures in the workplace.
     Yuchai/ASIMCO is a joint venture between Yuchai and a subsidiary of Asian Strategic Investments Corporation (“ASIMCO”) that invests in factories in China that produce parts and components for diesel engines. ASIMCO is a joint venture among The Pacific Alliance Group Limited, Dean Witter Capital Corporation and TCW Capital Investment Corporation. As of December 31, 2005, Yuchai had contributed Rmb 5.7 million to Yuchai/ASIMCO and owned a 4.73% interest in the common stock of Yuchai/ASIMCO.
     During 2000, at the State Holding Company’s initiative, Yuchai established two new companies involved in the manufacture and sale of spare parts and components for diesel engines in China. Yuchai contributed a total of Rmb 105.0 million in assets to the companies and received equity interests of 71.8% and 97.0%, respectively, in the two companies. During 2002, Yuchai increased its equity interest in Guangxi Yulin Yuchai Machinery Spare Parts Manufacturing Company Limited, the subsidiary involved in the manufacture of spare parts, from 97.0% to 97.1% by an additional contribution of Rmb 4.3 million.     The State Holding Company owns the remaining equity interests in these companies. Yuchai established these new companies to ensure access to a consistent and quality supply of spare parts and components for its diesel engines and to improve the quality of its customer service by maintaining a regular

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supply of these spare parts. The establishment of these companies by Yuchai was initially not made with the requisite corporate approvals, but was subsequently ratified by the Board of Directors of Yuchai in October 2001.
Capital Expenditures
     Capital expenditures for routine upgrades to, and replacement of, equipment, plant and property were Rmb 372.8 million, Rmb 552.9 million and Rmb 515.4 million (US$63.9 million) in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. The Company funded its capital expenditures primarily from funds generated from operations and, when necessary, from bank loans obtained by Yuchai. The Company incurred capital expenditures in 2003 relating to the completion of the second foundry as well as for the production line of the 6L and 6M heavy-duty diesel engine. The Company’s capital expenditures for 2004 of Rmb 552.9 million were primarily used for the completion of the new production line for 6L and 6M heavy-duty engines, the second foundry described above, production capacity upgrading and the second stage of construction of Yuchai heavy-duty engine project. The Company’s capital expenditures for 2005 of Rmb 515.4 million (US$63.9 million) were primarily used for production capacity upgrading, second stage construction of Yuchai heavy-duty engine project and the new 4F engine project. The Company expects that it will be able to continue to fund its capital expenditures in 2006 in the same manner as in prior years, as described above and under “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Liquidity and Capital Resources”.
Seasonality
     Yuchai’s business generally is not seasonal. However, Yuchai’s results of operations in the first and second quarters of recent calendar years have been marginally higher than in the third and fourth quarters of the corresponding year, due to slightly better production and sales performance in the first half compared to the second half of such calendar years. As a result, cash generated from operations may also be subject to some seasonal variation (See also “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Liquidity and Capital Resources”).
Trademarks
     Yuchai owns and maintains Chinese trademark registrations of its principal trademarks. Yuchai uses these trademarks with the consent of the State Holding Company at no charge and Yuchai believes that itsthe Yuchai logo is well recognized as a quality brand in China. As Yuchai currently sells most of its products in the China domestic market, registration of its principal trademarks is not maintained in countries outside China. YuchaiThe State Holding Company has not been involved in any material claim or dispute in relation to trademarks or other intellectual property rights and, to the best of Yuchai’s knowledge, no such claim or dispute is pending or threatened.
Competition
     The diesel engine industry in China is highly competitive. Yuchai believes, based on internal studies, that competition is based primarily on performance, quality, price and after-sales service, and secondarily on noise, size and weight. Yuchai believes that its engines have a strong reputation among truck manufacturers and consumers for leading performance and reliability. In addition, Yuchai believes that its after-sales service to end-users of Yuchai engines, conducted through a nationwide network of over 1,150 authorized service stations and 20 Yuchai-owned repair training centers in China, gives Yuchai a competitive advantage over other diesel engine producers.
     Most of Yuchai’s major China domestic competitors are state-owned enterprises. The Dongfeng Group, which is a major competitor of Yuchai and which controls two of Yuchai’s largest competitors, is also one of Yuchai’s major customers and controls some of Yuchai’s other major customers, accounting incustomers. In 2007, sales to the aggregateDongfeng Group accounted for approximately 19.8%20.8% of Yuchai’sour total net revenues, in 2005.of which our two largest customers, Liuzhou Dongfeng Automobile and Hubei Dongfeng Automobile, accounted for 10.4%. Some of Yuchai’s competitors have formed joint ventures with, or have technology assistance arrangements with, foreign diesel engine manufacturers or engine design consulting firms, and use foreign technology that is more advanced than Yuchai’s technology. TheYuchai believes that its current production capacity is adequate to meet expected higher demand from and unit sales fromto customers in the near future arising from the continued government spending on new highways and other infrastructure development projects in China. Yuchai expects competition to intensify as a result of, among other things, improvements in competitors’ products, increased production capacity of competitors, increased utilization of unused capacity by competitors and price competition.
     In the medium-duty diesel engine market, Yuchai’s 6105 and 6108 engines compete primarily against the 6110 engines produced by a number of Yuchai’s competitors. Initially, the introduction of the 6110 engine in 1995 had put considerable pressure on Yuchai’s competitiveness in the medium-duty diesel engine market because it offered greater horsepower than Yuchai’s 6105 engine. However, the commercial introduction of the 6108 engine in 1997 by Yuchai, which offers substantially the same horsepower as the 6110 engine, has allowed Yuchai to compete more effectively in the medium-duty diesel engine market. In competing with the 6110 engine, Yuchai focuses on the quality and price of, and the after-sales service on, the 6108 engine. In 2002, 2003 and 2004, unit sales of the

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6108 engine exceeded unit sales of the 6105 engine. However, unit sales of the 6108 engines was lesslower than 6105 engines in 2005, 2006 and 2007 due to poor market demand for the more expensive 6108 engines.engines as a result of the more stringent Euro III environmental compliance standards and competition. There can be no assurance, however, that Yuchai will be able to maintain or improve its current market share or develop new markets for its medium-duty diesel engines.
     In addition, Yuchai commenced trial marketing of its 6112 heavy-duty engine in early 1999, and began commercial production of these engines in the second half of 1999. Due to the delay in commercial production of the 6112 engine until 1999, however, Yuchai was not able to benefit from the competitive advantages of an early entry into the China domestic market for heavy-duty engines. Moreover, the market for heavy-duty diesel engines in China is relatively price sensitive. Yuchai willintends to continue to manufacture its 6112 heavy-duty diesel engines although there has been a decline in unit sales in 2005 and 2006 mainly due to changes in customers’ demand to light-duty diesel engines. In 2005,2006, the sales volume of the 6112 engine was 14,150 units, 4.3% lower than the 14,788 units whichsold in 2005. In 2007, the sales volume of the 6112 engine was 12,741 units, approximately 10.0% lower than 24,073 units in 2004,2006. This trend is due to shrinking demand arising from the Chinese government’s measures to tighten the credit supply within the banking sector in China so as to minimize overheating of the economy. This situation has led to more customers’ demand for the cheaper light-duty diesel engines as compared to the more expensive heavy-duty diesel engines. In 2006 and 2007, the demand for 6112 engines was also adversely affected by the trend of truck owners moving to higher horsepower engines in order to maximize the haulage of each trip and reduce the operating cost per trip. This trend is a result of the improved highway system after heavy investment by the Chinese government in infrastructure building. There can be no assurance that Yuchai will be able to compete successfully in the heavy-duty diesel engine market in China with the existing producers (such as WeicheiWeichai Power Co., Ltd.) or any new entrants.

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     Yuchai also faces intense competition in the light-duty diesel engine market. In this market, Yuchai competes primarily against Wuxi Diesel Engine Factory First Auto Group and Dalian Diesel Engine Factory First Auto Group, (collectively,collectively, the “First Auto Group”).Group.” As Yuchai is a late entrant into the light-duty diesel engine market relative to the First Auto Group, Yuchai believes that it could be difficult for Yuchai to become a major market leader in the short-term.
     As the Chinese automotive industry develops, Yuchai will have to continuously improve its existing engine products, and develop new diesel engine products and enter into other market segments in order to remain competitive. Consequently, Yuchai’s long-term business prospects will largely depend upon its ability to develop and introduce new or improved products at competitive prices.prices as well as the success of any entry into new market segments. Future products may utilize different technologies and may require knowledge of markets that Yuchai does not currently possess. Currently, Yuchai is heavily dependent on foreign engine design consulting firms and foreign engine manufacturers for technological assistance in improving its products and developing new products, and expects such dependency to continue. The introduction of new diesel engine products will also require significant capital expenditures, such as purchases of foreign manufacturing equipment and technologies. In addition, Yuchai’s competitors in the diesel engine markets may be able to introduce new or improved models that are more favorably received by customers than Yuchai’s products. Competition in the end-use markets, mainly the truck market, may also lead to technological improvement and advances that render Yuchai’s current products obsolete at an earlier than expected date, in which case Yuchai may have to depreciate or impair its production equipment more rapidly than planned. Failure to introduce, or delays in the introduction of, new or improved products at competitive prices or any delay or failure to enter into other market segments could have a material adverse effect on the financial condition, results of operations, business or prospects of Yuchai.
     The admission of China into the WTO which regulates trading among its member states could lead to increased foreign competition for Yuchai. As a result of China becoming a member of the WTO, import restrictionsGovernment policies on both motor vehicle components, including diesel engines, and motor vehicles are expected to be reduced. China is also required to lower its import tariffs as a condition for membershipand restrictions affect our business. For example, reduction in the WTO. Reduced import restrictions and/or lower tariffs may lead to increased imports of foreign diesel engines and, therefore, to increased competition in the China domestic diesel engine markets. Similarly, reduced import restrictions and/or lower tariffs on automobiles may affect the competition in the end-use markets of Yuchai’s customers and indirectly affect Yuchai’s sales to such customers. Currently, China is encouraging foreign investments into the motor vehicle engine manufacturing industry. Yuchai has from time to time been in discussions with potential foreign diesel engine manufacturers on a possible strategic joint ventureventures to develop and manufacture new diesel engines.
The HLGE group
     As of December 31, 2007 and 2008, we had a 45.39% interest in the outstanding ordinary shares of HLGE. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Business Expansion and Diversification Plan.”
     HLGE is listed on the Main Board of the Singapore Exchange. HLGE’s share price on the Singapore Exchange closed at S$0.055 on December 31, 2008. The core businesses of the HLGE group are that of hospitality operations and property development.
Investment holding activities
     The HLGE group owns an investment property known as Wisma LKN in Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
Hospitality operations
     The HLGE group, through its joint venture companies, owns a number of Equatorial hotels in Shanghai, PRC, and Cameron Highlands, Malaysia, and a Copthorne hotel in Qingdao, PRC. The HLGE group also owns a serviced apartment building in Shanghai. It also manages, among other things, these hotels in Qingdao, PRC, and Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. A more detailed description of the various hotel properties is set out below:
Hotel Equatorial Shanghai
Hotel Equatorial Shanghai is located in the heart of Shanghai. The property has more than 500 saleable guest rooms which have all been fully refurbished over the last 18 months and a new lounge. Other facilities comprise six food and beverage outlets, ballroom space and a health club.
Copthorne Hotel Qingdao
The property is located in the commercial district of Qingdao. The property has approximately 450 saleable guest rooms, and has restaurants and bars, ball rooms and function rooms, entertainment facilities, offices and retail space.
Changning Equatorial Service Apartments
The property comprises a 16-storey building located in the downtown Shanghai. The property has approximately 125 apartment units, a self-service launderette, meeting rooms and a business centre. In September 2008, the business operation was temporarily closed for major renovations and is anticipated to re-open in June 2009.
Hotel Equatorial Cameron

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The property is a tudor styled resort comprising more than 100 self-contained low-rise and high-rise units. Each suite is equipped with a living room, a kitchenette and a balcony. The hotel tower comprises 270 saleable guest rooms.
Renovation and maintenance. To maintain the competitiveness of its hotels and to improve guests’ stay experience, HLGE carries out renovation programs at its hotels from time to time as required.
The TCL group
     The TCL group is a distributor of consumer electronic products with operations mainly in the PRC (including Hong Kong). In August 2008, TCL announced that its Board of Directors had decided to cease its electronic manufacturing business as a result of a significant slowdown in demand from its major customers and rising operational costs. We had a 34.42% interest in the outstanding ordinary shares of TCL as of December 31, 2008. TCL announced in May 2008 that it plans to reposition its principal business from consumer electronics distribution to real estate and related infrastructure investment in the pan-Asian region. TCL also announced that TCL may divest those assets that will no longer form part of its core activity going forward. This plan is subject to TCL receiving any required regulatory and shareholders’ approvals. On December 3, 2008, TCL announced that its Board of Directors had approved by a majority vote, with the nominee directors of Venture Delta and Grace Star voting against, the execution of the MOU with Payce Consolidated Limited, to enter into transactions in connection with certain properties located in Sydney, Australia. The investment amount by TCL is to be funded through a combination of cash, the issue of new shares in TCL and options to subscribe for TCL shares, and external debt. The MOU is subject to definitive agreements being entered into as well as fulfillment of certain conditions precedent including regulatory and shareholders’ approval, completion of satisfactory due diligence and obtaining of financing on acceptable terms. There is no assurance that such approvals will be obtained. Even if such approvals are obtained, there is no assurance that this repositioning of TCL’s business will be successful or profitable. As a result of our disagreement with this new proposed strategy of TCL and the unsuccessful outcome of an extraordinary general meeting requisitioned by us which was convened on October 15, 2008, the Company is currently considering its options in relation to its investment in the TCL group.
Third party branded products
     The TCL group is engaged in the distribution of a portfolio of branded consumer electronics products, such as Panasonic, Creative, Casio, Apple, Asus, Fuji, Kodak, Lenovo, Olympus, Pentax, Samsung, Sony, Trust and Canon. Some of the products that the TCL group markets under these brand names include digital video cameras, digital still cameras, and audio products like MPEG Audio Layer 3 “MP3” players, plasma televisions, desktop and notebook computers, personal digital assistants and digital video discs home entertainment software.
Proprietary branded products
     The TCL group has created and marketed consumer products under its own brand name, namely “YES” brand, which is associated with a range of MP3 players and accessories compatible with the iPod, liquid crystal display televisions, portable DVD players, digital photo frames and memory cards.
Distribution network
     The TCL group has a distribution and sourcing network in its principal markets of PRC and Hong Kong.
Competition
     The consumer electronics sector in China is extremely competitive. The TCL group has a dual focus on expanding sales and controlling costs and plans to continue to widen its product and brand portfolio should opportunities arise. In May 2008, TCL announced its plans to reposition its principal business from consumer electronics distribution to real estate and related infrastructure investment in the pan-Asian region. On December 3, 2008, TCL announced that its Board of Directors had approved by a majority vote, with the nominee directors of Venture Delta and Grace Star voting against, the execution of the MOU with Payce Consolidated Limited, to enter into transactions in connection with certain properties located in Sydney, Australia.
Other businesses
     The TCL group also has other business activities relating to contract manufacturing, property development and investment in the PRC.

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Organizational Structure
     The following chart illustrates the organizational structure of the Company and Yuchai as of June 30, 2006,December 31, 2008 and is based on information generally known to the Company or otherwise disclosed in filings made with the SEC (see also “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Parties — Major Shareholders”). This chart depicts the Company’s significant subsidiaries only.
(FLOW CHART)(CHART)

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Regulatory and Related Matters
Governance, Operation and Dissolution of Yuchai
     Governance, operation and dissolution of Yuchai are governed by laws and regulations of China relating to Sino-foreign joint stock companies, as well as by Yuchai’s Articles of Association.
Yuchai is subject to the Sino-Foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprise Labor Management Regulations. Underrelevant PRC laws and regulations with respect to labor management. In accordance with these laws and regulations, management may hire and discharge employees and make other determinations with respect to wages, welfare, insurance and employee discipline.
Chinese laws and regulations applicable to a Sino-foreign joint stock company require that, before Yuchai distributes profits, it must: (i) satisfy all tax liabilities; (ii) recover losses in previous years; and (iii) make contributions to certain statutory reserve fund in an amount equal to at least 10% of net income for the year determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in China, (“or PRC GAAP”).GAAP. However, the allocation of statutory reserve fund will not be further required once the accumulated amount of such fund reaches fifty per cent50.0% of the registered capital of Yuchai.
     Pursuant to Chinese law and Yuchai’s Articles of Association, Yuchai may be dissolved upon the occurrence of certain events, includingforce majeure, severe losses, lack of supply of necessary materials or other events that render Yuchai unable to continue its operations. Upon dissolution, Yuchai will form a liquidation committee. Final dissolution is subject to government review and approval.
     During 2003, the Company believeswe believe affiliates of the State Holding Company caused various Chinese government agencies to raise allegations of irregularities regarding the status of the Company’sour ownership of and rights of control over Yuchai, which the Company believeswe believe was intended to try to limit the Company’sour rights to exercise control over Yuchai. The CompanyWe further believesbelieve that such allegations were based on an inaccurate understanding of the structure of the Company’sour ownership of and rights of control over Yuchai. The CompanyWe also believesbelieve that Yuchai’s ownership structure has been validly approved by the relevant Chinese authorities, and that the shares of Yuchai held by the Company’sour six wholly-owned subsidiaries are legally and validly held under Chinese law. The Company hasWe have obtained legal opinions from two Chinese law firms confirming these matters (see the reports on Form 6-K filed by the Company with the SEC inon April 1, 2005). The Company hasWe have also taken steps to communicate to the relevant Chinese government agencies the reasons for itsour position with respect to these matters. The Company believesWe believe the July 2003 Agreement, and the Reorganization Agreement, as amended, and the Cooperation Agreement, when fully implemented will resolve the issues raised by the various Chinese governmental agencies relating to itsour share ownership in Yuchai and the continued corporate governance and other difficulties which the Company haswe have had from time to time with respect to Yuchai. Based upon the above-mentioned legal opinions, the Company believeswe believe that in the event of a future dispute with the Chinese stakeholders at Yuchai, the Company expectswe expect to pursue as appropriate legal remedies in appropriate jurisdictions to seek to enforce itsour legal rights as the majority shareholder with a controlling financial interest in Yuchai to protect itsour investment for our benefit and the benefit of the Company and itsour shareholders. See also “Item 3. Key Information — Risk Factors”.Factors.”
Property, PlantsPlant and Equipment
     Yuchai’s headquarters is located in Yulin City in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Yuchai has the right to use approximately 1.5 million square meters of land, which is currently used primarily for the production of diesel engines and employee housing. The principal production land area for the manufacture of diesel engines currently occupies approximately 960,900 square meters, including a building for the current 6105 manufacturing facilities and recently completed facilities occupying approximately 620,000 square meters that comprise the 6108 Engine Factory, the 6112 Engine Factory, administrative offices and technical operations space. In addition, Yuchai leases 31a number of regional sales offices in PRC.China. During 2005, Yuchai increased production capacity to approximately 290,000 units after the completion of the second foundry and new 6L and 6M heavy-duty engines lines. In 2006 and 2007, production capacity was approximately 325,000 and 400,000 units, respectively, based on 2.5 shifts five-day week.
Environmental Matters
     China adopted its Environmental Protection Law in 1989, and the State Council and the State Environmental Protection Agency promulgate regulations as required from time to time. The Environmental Protection Law addresses issues relating to environmental quality, waste disposal and emissions, including air, water and noise emissions. Environmental regulations have not had a material impact on Yuchai’s results of operations. Yuchai delivers, on a regular basis, burned sand and certain other waste products to a waste disposal site approved by the local government and makes payments in respect thereof. Yuchai expects that environmental standards and their enforcement in China will, as in many other countries, become more stringent over time, especially as technical advances make achievement of higher standards more feasible. Yuchai has built an air filter system to reduce the level of dust and fumes

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resulting from its production of diesel engines. The PRC emission standard equivalent to Euro III will take effecthas been implemented progressively throughout China from JanuaryJuly 1, 2007.2008. Yuchai believes the Companyit will be able to comply with the new standard. See “Risk Factors—We may be adversely affected by environmental regulations.”

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     We are subject to Chinese national and local environmental protection regulations which currently impose fees for the discharge of waste substances, require the payment of fines for pollution, and provide for the closure by the Chinese government of any facility that fails to comply with orders requiring us to cease or improve upon certain activities causing environmental damage. Due to the nature of our business, we produce certain amounts of waste water, gas, and solid waste materials during the course of our production. We believe our environmental protection facilities and systems are adequate for us to comply with the existing national, provincial and local environmental protection regulations. However, Chinese national, provincial or local authorities may impose additional or more stringent regulations which would require additional expenditure on environmental matters or changes in our processes or systems.
ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.
     As of the date of filing of this Annual Report, the Company has onewe have no unresolved written comment lettercomments from the SEC staff regarding the Company’s periodic reports under the Securities Exchange Act. The letter, dated June 14, 2006, requests information pertaining to exports (i) by the Company to Cuba and (ii) by an affiliated entity (another Chinese subsidiary of HLA, the Company’s controlling shareholder) to North Korea. The Company intends to respond to this comment letter by providing historical export data and confirming that the amounts exported are de mininis in nature and are therefore immaterial. Such information has also been added to “Item 4. Information on the Company — Business Overview — Sales, Marketing and Services”.SEC.
ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS.
     The following discussion of our financial condition and analysisresults of operations should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto containedincluded elsewhere in this Annual Report. TheThis discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ significantly from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause future results to differ significantly from those projected in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those discussed below and elsewhere in this Annual Report. Our consolidated financial statements of the Company are prepared in conformity with US GAAP.
     On May 30, 2008, the Company filed an amendment to its annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2005 containing the restated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2005 to reflect certain adjustments to correct accounting errors mainly at Yuchai for such period.
During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2003, 20042005, 2006 and 2005, the Company’s2007, our main asset has been itsour 76.4% ownership interest in Yuchai. As a result, the Company’sour financial condition and results of operations have depended primarily upon Yuchai’s financial condition and results of operations. The Company acquired its initial 51.3% interest in Yuchai effective April 1, 1993, increased its interest to 71.4% in November 1994 through the China Everbright Purchase
Business Expansion and then to 76.4% in December 1994 by purchasing additional Yuchai Shares with the net proceeds of its initial public offering. The Company’s historical results of operations differ from those of Yuchai, primarily as a result of amortization of goodwill prior to 2002 which arose in connection with the three investments in Yuchai’s equity, additional operating expenses and the minority interest of other Yuchai shareholders in Yuchai’s income. In future financial periods, the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, business and prospects may differ significantly from Yuchai, depending upon, among other things,Diversification Plan
     Following the implementation of the Company’s newour business expansion and diversification plan, we have looked for new business and the consummation of the spin-off contemplated in the Reorganization Agreement (see “Item 4. Information on the Company — Recent Developments”). For example, in March 2005, the Company through its wholly-owned subsidiary, VDL, acquired an approximate 14.99% interest in TCL, VDL further acquired another 1.00% interest of the total number of TCL Shares in issue. As a result, the Company held a 15.99% stake in TCL as of December 31, 2005. The Company accounts for its investment in TCL using the equity methodongoing basis, continue to explore and the Company has reflected its proportionate share of TCL’s losses in its consolidated statementassess new businesses opportunities to reduce our financial dependence on Yuchai.
Thakral Corporation Ltd (“TCL”)
The first step in implementing this plan occurred in March 2005 when through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Venture Delta, we acquired a 15.0% equity interest in TCL for a consideration of approximately S$30.9 million. In September 2005, Venture Delta acquired an additional 1.0% equity interest in TCL for a consideration of S$1.4 million. As a result, we held a 16.0% stake in TCL as of December 31, 2005.
In February 2006, we increased our interest in TCL to 19.4% through an acquisition by Venture Delta of ordinary shares and convertible bonds of TCL pursuant to a rights issue by TCL for an aggregate cash consideration of approximately S$49.4 million (approximately US$36.3 million). Venture Delta converted all of its TCL convertible bonds into TCL ordinary shares in August 2006 and, as a result of the conversion, triggered the mandatory conditional cash offers under The Singapore Code on Take-over and Mergers for all of the TCL ordinary shares and TCL bonds which Venture Delta did not already own, control or agree to acquire. The mandatory offers lapsed on October 20, 2006 and no securities were purchased by Venture Delta.
As of December 31, 2006, our interest in TCL was 36.6% of TCL’s outstanding ordinary shares and our aggregate investment in TCL amounted to approximately S$81.7 million (approximately US$60.0 million), before taking into account dividends and interest income of approximately S$1.9 million (approximately US$1.4 million), in the aggregate, earned from these investments.
As of December 31, 2007, our interest in TCL was 34.4% of TCL’s outstanding ordinary shares and our aggregate investment in TCL amounted to approximately S$81.7 million (approximately US$60.0 million), before taking into account dividends and interest income of approximately S$1.9 million (approximately US$1.4 million), in the aggregate, earned from these investments. On September 2, 2008, Venture Delta transferred 0.04% interest in TCL to Grace Star. As of December 31, 2008, our interest in TCL remained unchanged.

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TCL announced in May 2008 that it plans to reposition its principal business from consumer electronics distribution to real estate and related infrastructure investment in the pan-Asian region. TCL also announced that TCL may divest those assets that will no longer form part of its core activity going forward. This plan is subject to TCL receiving any required regulatory and shareholders’ approvals. On December 3, 2008, TCL announced that its Board of Directors had approved by a majority vote, with the nominee directors of Venture Delta and Grace Star voting against, the execution of the MOU with Payce Consolidated Limited, to enter into transactions in connection with certain properties located in Sydney, Australia. The investment amount by TCL is to be funded through a combination of cash, the issue of new shares in TCL and options to subscribe for TCL shares, and external debt. The MOU is subject to definitive agreements being entered into as well as fulfillment of certain conditions precedent including regulatory and shareholders’ approval, completion of satisfactory due diligence and obtaining of financing on acceptable terms. There is no assurance that such approvals will be obtained. Even if such approvals are obtained, there is no assurance that this repositioning of TCL’s business will be successful or profitable. As a result of our disagreement with this new proposed strategy of TCL and the unsuccessful outcome of an extraordinary general meeting requisitioned by us which was convened on October 15, 2008, the Company is currently considering its options in relation to its investment in the TCL group. See “Item 3 — Risk Factors — Risks relating to our investments in HLGE and TCL”.
We continue to account for our investment in TCL using the equity method and we have continued to reflect our proportionate share of the TCL group’s results in our consolidated statement of operations since March 2005.
HL Global Enterprises Limited (formerly known as HLG Enterprise Limited) (“HLGE”)
In February 2006, through the following wholly-owned subsidiaries, we also acquired debt and equity securities in HLGE for an aggregate consideration of approximately S$132.0 million (approximately US$96.7 million):
(a)Grace Star acquired
i.191,413,465 ordinary shares representing approximately 29.1% of the total number of HLGE’s ordinary shares at that time,
ii.15,376,318 Series A redeemable convertible preference shares in the capital of HLGE, or the Existing HLGE RCPS A. The Existing HLGE RCPS A are mandatorily redeemable by HLGE upon the disposal of certain properties and upon any new issue of HLGE ordinary shares with the purpose of raising funds for the redemption of Existing HLGE RCPS A. Any outstanding Existing HLGE RCPS A will be mandatorily redeemed in March 2015. The Existing HLGE RCPS A can also be converted into ordinary shares at the conversion ratio of 1:1 upon the passing of a special resolution at a meeting of the holders of Existing HLGE RCPS A at any time prior to March 2015.
iii.107,634,237 Series B redeemable convertible preference shares in the capital of HLGE, or the Existing HLGE RCPS B (and together with the Existing HLGE RCPS A, the Existing HLGE RCPS). The Existing HLGE RCPS B are neither mandatorily redeemable nor redeemable at the option of the Company. Any Existing HLGE RCPS B, which are not redeemed prior to March 2010, are mandatorily converted to ordinary shares at the conversion ratio of 1:1 in March 2010. The Existing HLGE RCPS B are redeemable upon the disposal of certain properties and upon any new issue of HLGE ordinary shares with the purpose of raising funds for the redemption of Existing HLGE RCPS B. The Existing HLGE RCPS B can also be converted into ordinary shares at the conversion ratio of 1:1 upon the passing of a special resolution at a meeting of the holders of Existing HLGE RCPS B at any time prior to March 2010.
(b)Venture Lewis acquired approximately S$129.4 million (approximately US$95.1 million) in principal amount of outstanding secured non-convertible bonds issued by HLGE, or the Existing HLGE Bonds.
In June and December of 2006, HLGE partially redeemed a portion of Existing HLGE RCPS A and Existing HLGE RCPS B as required by the terms of the preference share agreement as a result of the disposals of certain assets. The proceeds from the partial redemptions amounted to approximately S$2.4 million (approximately US$1.6 million) and resulted in a reduction in the number of Existing HLGE RCPS that we held from 123,010,555 to 113,159,191.
In July 2006, pursuant to a rights issue by HLGE, through Grace Star and Venture Lewis, respectively, we were allotted 196,201,374 non-redeemable convertible cumulative preference shares, or the New HLGE NCCPS, and S$130,800,917 in principal amount of zero coupon unsecured non-convertible bonds due 2009 in HLGE, or the New HLGE Bonds, for an aggregate consideration of approximately S$135.0 million (approximately US$99.0 million). In conjunction with the allotment, the Existing HLGE Bonds were redeemed by HLGE at their principal value of S$129.4 million. At settlement,

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the aggregate consideration payable by the Company to HLGE of S$134.7 million was partially offset against S$129.4 million payable by HLGE to the Company, and the balance of S$5.3 million (approximately US$3.9 million) was paid by the Company in cash.
In November 2006, Grace Star converted all of its 196,201,374 New HLGE NCCPS into HLGE ordinary shares resulting in an increase in its equity interest in HLGE from 29.1% to 45.42% thereby triggering the mandatory conditional cash offers under The Singapore Code on Take-over and Mergers for all the HLGE ordinary shares, the Existing HLGE RCPS and the New HLGE NCCPS which Grace Star did not already own, control or agree to acquire. The mandatory offers lapsed on December 27, 2006 and no securities were purchased by Grace Star.
As of December 31, 2006, we held (i) 387,614,839 HLGE ordinary shares, representing approximately 45.42% of the total number of HLGE ordinary shares; (ii) 113,159,191 Existing HLGE RCPS; and (iii) S$130,800,917 in principal amount of the New HLGE Bonds. Our aggregate investment in HLGE to-date amounted to approximately S$136.9 million (approximately US$100.6 million), before taking into account previous interest income earned from these investments and partial redemption of the Existing HLGE RCPS of approximately S$6.7 million (approximately US$4.9 million) in aggregate.
On June 19, 2007, HLGE made a partial redemption of the New HLGE Bonds. The principal amount redeemed was approximately S$17.9 million (approximately US$13.2 million) and resulted in a reduction in the principal amount of the New HLGE Bonds that we held from S$130,800,917 to S$112,886,727. The Company had engaged an independent professional valuer, to value the financial instruments acquired as at June 19, 2007 (before redemption) and as at December 31, 2007. The fair value is determined by discounting the expected payments to the valuation date using a discount rate commensurate with the risk of the payments.
As of December 31, 2007, we held (i) 387,614,839 HLGE ordinary shares, representing approximately 45.39% of the total number of HLGE ordinary shares; (ii) 13,957,233 Existing HLGE RCPS A; (iii) 99,201,958 Existing HLGE RCPS B; and (iv) S$112,886,727 in principal amount of the New HLGE Bonds. Our aggregate investment in HLGE to-date amounted to approximately S$136.5 million (approximately US$100.6 million), before taking into account previous interest income earned from these investments and partial redemption of the Existing HLGE RCPS of approximately S$6.7 million (approximately US$4.9 million) in aggregate.
In April 2008, HLGE made an additional partial redemption of the Existing HLGE RCPS B. The redemption amount we received amounted to approximately S$0.98 million (approximately US$0.7 million) on April 30, 2008 and resulted in a reduction in the number of Existing HLGE RCPS that we held from 113,159,191 to 107,186,403.
In June 2008, HLGE made another partial redemption of the New HLGE Bonds. The principal amount redeemed was approximately S$28.5 million (approximately US$20.9 million) and resulted in a reduction in the principal amount of the New HLGE Bonds that we held from S$112,886,727 to S$87,010,673.
We account for our investment in HLGE ordinary shares using the equity method and have reflected our proportionate share of the HLGE group’s results in our consolidated statement of operations since February 2006.
Assuming the full conversion of the Existing HLGE RCPS held by Grace Star, which would trigger the full conversion of the Existing HLGE RCPS by the other holders of the Existing HLGE RCPS, and assuming that none of the other holders of the New HLGE NCCPS convert their New HLGE NCCPS, our equity interest in HLGE would increase from 45.39% as of December 31, 2008 to 51.7%. In the event we obtain a majority of the voting equity interest in HLGE, we would likely have to consolidate HLGE in our financial statements.
Venture Lewis is currently in discussions with HLGE on the options available upon expiry of the new HLGE Bonds in July 2009.
See “Item 3. Key Information — Risk Factors — Risks relating to our investments in HLGE and TCL — The HLGE Group may be unable to raise sufficient funds to pay their debt obligations to us”.
Overview
     The various austerity measures taken by the Chinese government over the last decade to regulate economic growth and control inflation have at times dampened demand for trucks in China. In particular, austerity measures that restricted access to credit and slowed the rate of fixed investment (including infrastructure development) adversely affected demand for, and production of, trucks and other commercial vehicles. Such market conditions, together with increased competition in the diesel engine market, resulted in various degrees of financial and marketing difficulties for diesel engine producers, including the Company. However, the Chinese government announced in 1998 a major initiative to boost consumer demand through investments in infrastructure projects, including the construction of highways and tollways, and also through increased availability of bank credit. As a result, demand for trucks and other commercial vehicles, and thus demand for diesel engines has been increasing annually since 1999 to 2004.2007.
     Although demand for commercial vehicles in China declined by approximately 1.0% in 2005, the Company’sWith continued rapid economic growth, our net revenues in 20052007 increased by 4.4%38.1% to Rmb 5,829.49,556.3 million (US$1,398.2 million) compared to Rmb 5,582.16,920.5 million in 2004.2006. This increase was primarily a result of higher unit sales of the 4-Series light-duty

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diesel and industrial engines. The Company had income before minority interests ofwas Rmb 96.4743.0 million (US$108.7 million) in 20052007 as compared to income before minority interests of Rmb 648.7172.9 million in 2004. The decrease in income before minority interests was primarily due to reduced gross margins, higher selling, general and administrative expenses, and compounded by the specific provision made of Rmb 205 million for loans (non-trade) to a related company (see also Note 5 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements appearing elsewhere herein).2006. Sales of the 6108 medium-duty and 6112

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heavy-duty engines accounted for 13.9%14.9% and 13.5%6.7%, respectively, of the Company’s net revenues in 2005.2007. Sales of the 6L and 6M heavy-duty diesel engines accounted for 0.8%3.3% and 2.5%5.9%, respectively, of the Company’s net revenues in 2005.2007. Due mainly to the credit tightening by banks in China, there are more customers buying the light-duty diesel engines and industrial engines because the coverageaverage selling price of these light-duty diesel and industrial engines arewere lower than the medium and heavy-duty engines. The overall gross margin of 20.4% for 2007 was higher than the 18.4% gross margin of 2006 mainly due to higher sales volume from higher production throughput and therefore greater economies of scale. Yuchai generated 34.1% and 32.1% of our net revenues in 2007 and 2006, respectively, from the lower margin light-duty diesel engines, and 53.1% and 54.7% of our net revenues in 2007 and 2006, respectively, from the higher margin of medium-duty and heavy-duty diesel engines.
     In 2005, the Company2007, we continued itsour efforts to control production costs and operating expenses. However, a large portion of the Company’s costs and expenses relaterelated to fixed costs incurred in connection with the production of itsour diesel engines are not subject to significant variations which limits the Company’slimit our ability to significantly reduce itsour costs and expenses. The Company’sOur cost of goods sold mainly includes cost of materials consumed, factory overhead, direct labor, provision for product warranty and depreciation. The Company analyzes itsWe analyze our cost of goods sold based on itsour cost of manufacturing for each period. Cost of manufacturing for each period equals cost of goods sold for the period plus or minus the change in period endand finished goods inventory. In 2005,2007, cost of materials consumed accounted for approximately 80.9%85.4% of theour total cost of manufacturing. The Company’sOur selling, general and administrative, (“or SG&A”)&A, expenses include advertising expenses, provision for doubtful accounts, salaries and wages, freight charges, sales commission expenses and a large number of smaller expenses.
     The Company had effective Pursuant to the income tax rateslaw of 16.2%the PRC concerning foreign investment and foreign enterprises (the “FEIT Law”), 14.0% and 17.8% in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.the applicable income tax rate through December 31, 2007 of Yuchai was subject to PRC income tax at a rate of 24.0% of its income determined in accordance with PRC GAAP in 1993 prior to the restructuring. After becoming a Sino-foreign joint stock company, it was exempt from PRC income tax in 1994 and 1995. Under current laws, Yuchai is subject to PRC income tax at a rate of 7.5% for each of the three years from 1996 to 1998 and a rate of 10.0% for each of the three years from 1999 to 2001.15%. Since January 1, 2002, Yuchai is subject to tax at a rate of 15.0%15% so long as it continues to qualify as a foreign-invested enterprise eligible for tax reductions under PRC income tax law.
     In addition2007, the National People’s Congress approved and promulgated a new tax law, China’s Unified Enterprise Income Tax Law (“CIT law”), which became effective January 1, 2008. Under the CIT law, foreign invested enterprises and domestic companies are subject to a uniform tax rate of 25%. The CIT law provides a five-year transition period from its effective date for those enterprises which were established before the promulgation date of the CIT law and which were entitled to a preferential lower tax rate under the then effective tax laws or regulations. In accordance with a grandfathering provision, the CIT law also provides for a graduated tax rate increase over a five-year period from an existing reduced tax rate to the PRC incomeuniform tax rate of 25%.
     In 2008, Yuchai has beencontinued to fulfill the requirements to qualify for an extension to the reduced tax rate of 15% which will continue to 2010 in accordance with transitional arrangements in the CIT law. Subsequent to this, Yuchai can apply for other programs which may be available to provide a reduced rate. In the event that Yuchai is ineligible for either an extension to the existing tax rate reduction or the transitional graduated rates noted above, Yuchai would be subject to value-added taxes on its sales sincetax at a rate of 25%. For some of Yuchai’s subsidiaries that were previously subjected to tax at a rate of 33%, the rate has been lowered to 25% following the CIT law.
     The CIT law also provides for a tax of 10% to be withheld from dividends paid to foreign investors of PRC enterprises. This withholding tax provision does not apply to dividends paid out of profits earned prior to January 1, 1994. Dividends received by2008. Beginning on January 1, 2008, a 10% withholding tax will be imposed on dividends paid to us, as a non-resident enterprise, unless an applicable tax treaty provides for a lower tax rate and the Company from Yuchai can be remitted from China without any PRC taxation under current Chinese law. See “Item 10. Additional Information — Taxation — People’s Republic of China Taxation”.will recognize a provision for withholding tax payable and corresponding deferred tax liability for profits earned post December 31, 2007.
     The CompanyYuchai commenced trial marketing of its 6112 heavy-duty engine in early 1999, and began commercial production of these engines during the second half of 1999. Due to the delay in commercial production of the 6112 engine until 1999, however, the CompanyYuchai was not able to benefit from the competitive advantages of an early entry into the China domestic market for heavy-duty engines. Moreover, the market for heavy-duty diesel engines in China is relatively price sensitive. With increasing customer acceptance of the 6112 engine in late 2001 through 2003, the sales volume of the 6112 engine improved significantly. Yuchai intends to continue to manufacture its 6112 heavy-duty diesel engines although there has been a decline in unit sales in 20052006 due mainly due to changes in customers’ demand to light-duty diesel engines. In 2005,2006 and 2007, the sales volume of the 6112 engine was 14,78814,150 units and 12,741 units, which was 13.8% lower than 24,07314,788 units in 2004,2005 and approximately 10% lower than in 2006 respectively, due to shrinking demand arising from the Chinese government’s measures to tighten the credit supply within the banking sector in China as part of its efforts to minimize overheating of the economy. This situation has led to Yuchai’s customers buying more of the cheaper light-duty diesel engines as compared to the more expensive heavy-duty diesel engines. In 2006 and 2007, the demand for 6112 engines was also adversely affected by the trend of truck owners moving to higher horsepower engines in order to maximize the haulage of each trip and reduce the operating cost per trip. This trend is a result of the improved highway system after heavy investment by the Chinese government in infrastructure building. There can be no assurance that Yuchai will be able to compete successfully in the heavy-duty diesel engine market in China with the existing producers (such as WeicheiWeichai Power Co., Ltd.) or any new entrants.
     The Company’s future financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected as a result of China’s admission into the WTO. See “Item 3. Key Information — Risk Factors — Risks relating to Mainland China — The admission of China into the WTO could lead to increased foreign competition”. Currently, China is encouraging foreign investments into the motor vehicle engine manufacturing industry. However, the Company believes that the possible adverse impact of foreign competition as a result of China becoming a member of the WTO would likely be mitigated by a number of factors, including, (i) foreign diesel engines are not generally price competitive in the domestic China market, (ii) foreign producers do not have the sales and distribution network or service and parts center infrastructure of Chinese producers and (iii) while China’s import tariffs on motor vehicle components may be lowered, China has indicated that it does not intend to eliminate such tariffs.
     The Company’sOur future financial condition and results of operations could also be adversely affected as a result of China macroeconomic policy changes recently announced by the Chinese government. The Chinese government has announced that it is considering additionalfrom time to time introduced measures in certain sectors to avoid overheating of the economy, including tightening bank lending policies and increases in bank interest rates. The market demand for diesel engines in China may be adversely affected by these measures, particularly if diesel engines are included in any specific economic sectoral caps or attempts to slow down sectoral lending. See “Item 3. Key Information — Risk Factors — Risks relating to Mainland China — Adverse changes in the economic policies of the Chinese government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of Mainland China, which could reduce the demand for our products and adversely affect our competitive position” and “Item 3. Key Information — Risk Factors — Risks relating to our company and our business — The diesel engine business in China is dependent in large part on the performance of the Chinese economy,and global economies, as well as Chinese government policy. The recent global economic crisis is affecting both the world economy and the Chinese economy. GDP growth is forecasted to slow down to 7.5% next year despite the stimulus package proposed by the Chinese central government. As a result, our financial condition, results of operations, business and

30


prospects could be adversely affected by slowdowns in the Chinese economy, as well as Chinese government policies that de-emphasize the use of diesel engines”engines.”

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     We may use borrowings from time to time to supplement our working capital requirements and to finance our business expansion and diversification plan. A portion of our borrowings may be structured on a floating rate basis and denominated in US dollars or other foreign currencies. An increase in fluctuations in exchange rates between the Renminbi and other currencies may increase our borrowing costs. See “Item 3. Key Information —Risk Factors — Risks relating to our company and our business —We could be exposed to the impact of interest rates and foreign currency movements with respect to our future borrowings. In addition, a devaluation of the Renminbi will increase the Renminbi cost of repaying our foreign currency denominated indebtedness and, therefore, could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, business or prospects”.
     In the United States, Europe and Asia, recent market and economic conditions have been extremely challenging with tighter credit conditions and slower growth. Continued concerns about the systemic impact of inflation, energy costs, geopolitical issues, the availability and cost of credit, the U.S. mortgage market, a declining real estate market in the U.S. and banking system instability have contributed to increased market volatility and diminished expectations for the economy globally. As a result of these market conditions, the cost and availability of credit has been and may continue to be adversely affected by illiquid credit markets and wider credit spreads. Continued turbulence in the U.S. and international markets and economies, in particular in China, may adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition, and the liquidity and financial condition of our customers. While currently these conditions have not impaired our ability to access credit markets and finance our operations, there can be no assurance that there will not be a further deterioration in the financial markets. If these market conditions continue, they may limit our ability, and the ability of our customers, to timely replace maturing liabilities, and access the capital markets to meet liquidity needs, resulting in an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. The global financial crisis has had an adverse impact on the economic growth outlook for China with third quarter growth in 2008 falling to its lowest level in five years. As a result, the Chinese government on November 10, 2008 announced a 4 trillion yuan stimulus package to maintain economic stability and development through spending on infrastructure projects. The measures being adopted by the Chinese government to ensure continued economic growth is in the very early stages of implementation and there is no assurance that such a stimulus package will be successful in achieving its aim.
     As discussed in “Item 4. Information on the Company — History and Development — Cooperation Agreement” regarding the Rmb 205 million loans granted by Yuchai to YMCL, our management was uncertain whether State Holding Company had the financial ability to purchase Yulin Hotel Company for the full contractual amount of Rmb 245.6 million. Consequently, no recovery of the previously recorded impairment loss on the loans due from YMCL has been recognized in our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2007. Such recovery will only be recognized in our consolidated financial statements in the period when either the approval is obtained from the provincial government regulatory agency in charge of state-owned assets administration in China for the acquisition of the 100% equity interest in Yulin Hotel Company, or we are able to resolve the uncertainty about the recovery through other means. On January 13, 2009, Yuchai received approval from the provincial government regulatory agency in charge of state-owned assets administration in China for its acquisition of the 100% equity interest in Yulin Hotel Company.
Critical Accounting Policies
     The accounting policies adopted by us are more fully described in Note 3 of our consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere herein. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with US GAAP require the Company’srequires our management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions regarding uncertainties that affect the reported amounts of the Company’sour assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. These judgments, assumptions and estimates are reflected in the Company’s accounting policies, which are more fully described in Note 3 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements appearing elsewhere herein.
     Certain of the Company’sour accounting policies are particularly important to the portrayal of the Company’sour financial position and results of operations and require the application of significant assumptions and estimates by the Company’sour management. The Company refersWe refer to these accounting policies as itsour “critical accounting policies”. The Company’spolicies.” Our management uses itsour historical experience and analyses, the terms of existing contracts, historical cost convention, industry trends, information provided by itsour agents and information available from other outside sources, as appropriate, when forming itsour assumptions and estimates. However, this task is inexact because the Company’sour management is making assumptions and providing estimates on matters that are inherently uncertain. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates. Actual results may differ from those estimates under different assumptions and conditions.
     While the Company believeswe believe that all aspects of itsour consolidated financial statements should be studied and understood in assessing itsour current expected financial condition and results, the Company believeswe believe that the following critical accounting policies involve a higher degree of judgment and estimation and therefore warrant additional attention:
  Allowancesallowances for doubtful accounts;accounts and loans receivable;
 
  Realizationrealization of the carrying value of inventories;
 
  Productproduct warranty obligations;
 
  Realizationrecoverability of the carrying values of equity method investments and other investments;
realization of deferred tax assets;
 
  Impairmentimpairment of long-lived assets other than goodwill;
Provision for loss contingency for guarantee granted by YEGCL;assets; and
 
  Recoverability of carrying value of investment in TCL.provision for loss contingency for guarantees granted by YEGCL.

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Allowances for doubtful accounts
     Allowance for doubtful accounts is management’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the Company’s existing accounts receivable. The CompanyManagement determines the allowance based on historical write-off experience by industry and national economic data. The CompanyManagement reviews its allowance for doubtful accounts monthly. In 2005, the Company has2006, management examined the debtors ageing report and noted that there was a significantan insignificant change in the amounts owing by one of its major customers, the Dongfeng Group. For the year ended December 31, 2004,2007, the Dongfeng Group accounted for about 28%21% of the trade debtors outstanding as compared to approximately 12% of the amount owing22% as of December 31, 2005.2006. Likewise, the top 20 non-Dongfeng Group customers had increased itsdecreased their significance in our sales and accounted for about 44%41.8% of the gross debts outstandingaccounts receivable at the end of 20052007 from 38%43.3% at the end of 2004. The Company has noted the2006. We analyzed our customer’s trends, repayment patterns and ageing analysis in 2005 which confirmed2007. The balances that the provision policy for doubtful accounts for the year ended December 31, 2004 is no longer appropriate. Therefore, the Company has changed its accounting estimates on allowances for doubtful accounts, taking into account the changes in customers’ mix. Pastwere past due balances over 90 days and over a specified amount are reviewed individually for collectibility. All other balances are reviewed on a pooled basis by aging of such balances. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.

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     Changes in the allowances for doubtful accounts for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 20052007 are summarized as follows:
                 
  December 31, 
  2003  2004  2005  2005 
  Rmb  Rmb  Rmb  US$ 
      (in thousands)     
Balance at beginning of year  158,075   94,423   107,457   13,315 
Add: Charged to consolidated statements of income     13,034   25,587   3,171 
Less: Written back to consolidated statements of income  (493)         
Doubtful debts written off  (63,159)     (63,997)  (7,930)
             
Balance at end of year  94,423   107,457   69,047   8,556 
             
                 
  December 31,
  2005 2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
  (in thousands)
Balance at beginning of year  107,457   69,047   90,365   13,222 
Add: Charge/(credit) to consolidated statements of operations  25,587   21,582   (11,008)  (1,611)
Less: Written off  (63,997)  (264)  (14,464)  (2,116)
                 
Balance at end of year  69,047   90,365   64,893   9,495 
                 
     While trade accounts receivable increased by Rmb 1.6 billion as of December 31, 2007 as compared to 2006, allowance for doubtful accounts decreased by Rmb 25.5 million. The Company believesincrease in trade accounts receivable was mainly attributable to the increase in bills receivable of Rmb 1.4 billion, for which no allowance for doubtful debts were made. There was no risk of uncollectability in respect of these amounts. There has been a significant increase in bills receivable as we largely ceased the prior practice of discounting bills due to the increase in discount rates during the year.
     We were able to better assess our collectibility estimates in 2007 with the benefit of a longer hindsight period. As a result, we determined that we should reduce our allowance for doubtful accounts by Rmb 11.0 million to reflect actual results. We will consider this historical information in the establishment of allowance methodology and assumptions in 2008 and future years. In addition, we utilized Rmb 14.5 million of the allowance made as of December 31, 2006 to write off debts that are no longer recoverable. No new provision was required in 2007 as the allowance as of December 31, 2007 is adequate based on post year-end collection information.
     We believe that the present level of itsour allowance for doubtful debtsaccounts adequately reflects probable losses related to impaired accounts receivable. However, changes in the assumptions used to assess the frequency and severity of doubtful accounts would have an impact on the Company’s allowance for doubtful debts.our allowance. If economic or specific industry trends change, the Companywe would adjust its allowancesour allowance for doubtful accounts by recording additional expense or benefit. Management studies show that a decrease or increase of 5% in historical write-off experience would increase or decrease the provision for doubtful accounts by approximately Rmb 13.9 million (US$1.7 million).
Realization of the carrying value of inventories
     The Company’sOur inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value atas of the balance sheet date. Net realizable value represents the estimated selling price less costs to be incurred in selling the inventories. Net realizable value is estimated based on the age and market condition of inventories.
     If market conditions or future product enhancements and developments change, the Company would adjust its provision fornet realizable values of the inventories by recording additional expense or benefit.may change and result in further inventory write-downs. In the preceding three years, there were no significant differences or adjustments between the book cost and the net realizable or market value. Management studies show that a decrease or increase of 5.0% in historical charge experience would increase or decrease the provision for inventories by approximately Rmb 5.9 million (US$0.7 million).inventory write-downs.
Product warranty obligations
     The Company accruesWe accrue a liability for estimated future costs to be incurred under a warranty period or warranty mileage on various engine models, for which it provideswe provide free repair and replacement. Warranty periods generally start from the date the vehicle is sold. Warranties generally extend for a duration (12(generally 12 months to 1824 months) or mileage (80,000(generally 80,000 kilometers to 180,000250,000 kilometers), whichever is the lower.first achieved. Provisions for warranty are primarily determined based on historical warranty cost per unit of enginesengine sold adjusted for specific conditions that may arise and the number of engines under warranty at each financial year-end.fiscal year end.

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     Changes in the accrued product warranty liability for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 20052007 are summarized as follows:
                                
 December 31,  December 31,
 2003 2004 2005 2005  2005 2006 2007 2007
 Rmb Rmb Rmb US$  Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
 (in thousands)  (in thousands)
Balance at beginning of year 66,864 101,215 126,114 15,627  126,114 142,126 163,701 23,952 
Add: Provision charged to consolidated statements of income 162,369 190,205 179,184 22,203 
Add: Provision charged to consolidated statements of operations 179,184 200,892 233,838 34,214 
Less: Amounts utilized  (128,018)  (165,306)  (163,172)  (20,219)  (163,172)  (179,317)  (202,641)  (29,650)
                  
Balance at end of year 101,215 126,114 142,126 17,611  142,126 163,701 194,898 28,516 
                  
     The Company’sWe recognized a liability for warranty at the time the product is sold and our estimate of itsour warranty obligations is evaluatedre-evaluated on an annual basis. In previous years, warranty claims have typically not been higher than the relevant provisions made in the Company’sour consolidated balance sheet. If the nature, frequency and average cost of warranty claims change, the Companywe would adjust itsour allowances for product warranty by recording additional expense or benefit so as to seek to ensure that accruals will be adequate to meet expected future obligations. Management studies show that aA decrease or

32


increase of 5.0% in historical utilization experience over the last three fiscal years would increase or decreaseimpact the provision for product warranty by approximately Rmb 8.29.1 million (US$1.01.3 million).
Recoverability of carrying values of equity method investments and other investments
     We assess impairment of our investments in affiliates when adverse events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. If the value of our investment is below its carrying amount and that loss in value is considered other than temporary, then an impairment charge is recognized. As of December 31, 2007, the Company’s carrying value of its equity method investments in TCL and HLGE were Rmb 387.9 million (US$56.8 million) and Rmb 112.6 million (US$16.5 million), respectively. The fair value, based on the quoted market prices, of the TCL ordinary shares and the HLGE ordinary shares held by the Company was Rmb 405.6 million (US$59.3 million) and Rmb 446.9 million (US$65.4 million), respectively, as of December 31, 2007.
     We recognize an impairment loss when the decline in fair value below the carrying value of an available-for-sale or cost-method investment is considered other than temporary. In determining whether a decline in fair value is other than temporary, we consider various factors including market price of underlying holdings when available, investment ratings, the financial conditions and near term prospect of the investee’s, the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than carrying amount and the Group’s intent and ability to hold the investment for a reasonable period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery of the fair value. See “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” for fair values of investments.
     On December 31, 2008, the values based on quoted market prices of the TCL ordinary shares and HLGE ordinary shares held by the Company were Rmb 235.0 million (US$34.4 million) and Rmb 101.3 million (US$14.8 million) respectively. It is reasonably possible the Company will need to recognize in 2008 an other than temporary impairment charge pertaining to its investments in TCL and HLGE.
Realization of deferred tax assets
     In 2006, the provincial tax bureau completed an examination of Yuchai’s PRC income tax returns for 2001 through to 2005. The tax bureau did not propose any adjustment to Yuchai’s tax positions, and no surcharge or penalty was imposed. Beginning with the adoption of FASB Interpretation No.48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes” (“FIN 48”) as of January 1, 2007, the Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. Prior to the adoption of FIN 48, the Company recognized the effect of income tax positions only if such positions were probable of being sustained.
     Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance to the extent the Company concludesthat we conclude it is more likely than not that the assets will not be realized. This valuation allowance is an estimate of the difference between the actual existing and future realizable deferred tax assets. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible, tax credits and tax losses carried forward can be utilized. ManagementOur management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax assets, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Forecasted taxable income may significantly differ from actual taxable income in future years, which may result in material revisions to the valuation allowance of deferred tax assets. Differences in actual results from available evidenceestimates used in determining the valuation allowances could result in future adjustments to the allowance. The realization of the deferred tax assets is subject to specific PRCthe various local tax regulations and not solely dependent on generating future taxable income. For example, tax credits relating to the purchase of China domestic equipment may not be fully utilized as the amount entitled for deduction each year is limited to the incremental current income tax expense of the subsidiary compared to the income tax of the subsidiary for the year before the China domestic equipment was purchased. Tax creditcredits may also have a validity period. It is therefore possible that a subsidiary has a taxable income but is unable to utilize a tax credit. In 2007, the deferredNational People’s Congress approved and promulgated a new tax benefit brought forward, if any.law, China’s Unified Enterprise Income Tax Law, which became effective January 1, 2008. Under the provisions of this law, tax credits are no longer permitted to be accrued and any unused credits as of December 31, 2007 are not permitted to be carried forward. Deferred tax assets relating to tax losses incurred by certain subsidiaries that are not likely to be realized in the future are considered in connection with the assessment for valuation allowance. Based on management’s forecast of future taxable income, the Company views the recoverability of the deferred tax assets, net of existing valuation allowances, as more likely than not to be realizable. In addition, based upon the results of prior years’ taxable income and projectionsforecasts for future taxable income over the next five years in which the deferred tax assetscredits are deductible and tax losses carried forward, management believes the Companywe believe we will realize the benefits of only some of these deductible

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differences and tax losses carried forward as of December 31, 2005. Deferred tax assets which were not probable to be realized had been subjected to valuation allowance.2007. For the years ended December 31, 20032006 and 2004, no deferred tax asset valuation allowance was provided. For the year ended December 31, 2005, management2007, we concluded that a deferred tax asset valuation allowance of Rmb 45.238.7 million and Rmb 4.0 million (US$5.60.6 million), respectively, was necessary. ThisThe deferred tax valuation allowance isof Rmb 4.0 million recorded as at December 31, 2007 relates to tax loss carry forwards and other deductible temporary differences for a subsidiary which has been loss making since its commencement of operations in 2004 and management deems it more likely than not that these will not be realized.
     The reduction in valuation allowance in 2007 primarily arises from the reversal of a valuation allowance for tax credits of Rmb 18,241 carried forward from 2005 that management believes will expire unused.
     Forecasted taxable income may significantly differ from actual taxable incomehave been utilized in future years, which may result in material adjustment2007 due to unforseeable positive results actually achieved during the valuation allowancecurrent year, for unused tax credits of Rmb 8,861 that were forfeited as of December 31, 2007, and for deferred tax assets.assets of other subsidiaries that were previously loss making but have now become profitable.
Impairment of long-lived assets, other than goodwill
     Long-lived assets, such as property, plant and equipment, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset.
     The Company has conducted aWe periodically conduct an impairment review on the conditions of theour property, plant and equipment. In 2003, management identified2005, it was determined that certain property, plant and equipment would no longer be used in production duefixed assets of Yuchai were idle or other factors existed that suggested that the recovery of their respective carrying values may have been impaired. An impairment loss of Rmb 4.9 million was charged to the introductionconsolidated statement of new environmental regulationsoperations in 2003. These changes required an2005 under selling, general and administrative expense. In 2006 and 2007, impairment analysis to be performed. Theanalyses were performed and the estimated undiscounted future cash flows generated from suchcertain property, plant and equipment were assessed to be less than their carrying value. The carrying value of such assets was therefore reduced to estimated fair value. Since there was no active second hand resale market for these items relating to property, plant and equipment, management has adopted the discounted cash flow model to determine their fair value. Impairment lossvalues. Hence, impairment losses of Rmb 12.42.3 million and Rmb 0.8 million (US$1.50.1 million) has been charged to income statementswere recognized and included in 2003 under selling, general and administrative expense. In 2004expenses in 2006 and 2005, the Company has not identified circumstances which indicate that the carrying value of the property, plant and equipment may not be recoverable, hence no impairment loss was recognized.
     If the estimates of cash flows and fair value of these long-lived assets change, management studies show that a 5.0% variance in historical charge experience would not have any significant impact to the Company’s financial statements.2007 respectively.
Provision for loss contingency for guaranteeguarantees granted by YEGCL
     YEGCL guaranteed borrowingsprovides guarantees of Rmb 7.6 million and Rmb 178.5 million (US$22.1 million)loans granted by commercial banks in the PRC to unrelated parties in 2004 and 2005, respectively. The borrowings are due in equal monthly or quarterly instalments through one to two years. The guarantees were made to individual personsthird-party individuals who applied for mortgagehave obtained the loans from commercial banks to purchase automobiles equipped with diesel engines produced by Yuchai. During the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006, YEGCL guaranteed borrowings of Rmb 153.5 million and Rmb 89.0 million respectively. From 2006, YEGCL ceased to provide guarantees on new borrowings. YEGCL did not issue any such guarantees prior to 2004. The guarantees cover the entire principal amount of the loan, which generally has a term of one to two years with equal monthly or quarterly installment payments by the borrower. The guarantees are forsecured by cash deposits from the entire amountindividuals to YEGCL and termby the automobile. In the event of defaults on payment, YEGCL would be required under its guarantee to make payments to the banks on behalf of the borrowings.borrowers. On a monthly basis, management reviews its guarantee portfolio with regard to loans in default one month or more. On an individual basis, management then evaluates those loans in default against the security held in the form of cash deposits and the estimated recovery value of the automobile to determine the need for additional provision for estimated losses on guarantees.
     In return for issuing the guarantee, YEGCL receives a premium fee amountedranging from 1% to 2% to 8%3% of the loan amount for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively, which is considered to be the fair value of borrowings. All guarantees are secured by automobilesYEGCL’s guarantee at its inception and is recorded as a net book value totalingliability in accordance with the provisions of FIN 45. YEGCL received Rmb 11.74.3 million, Rmb 4.3 million and Rmb 242.2 millionnil (US$30.0 nil million) of premium fees in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively, which are recognized as of December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively. If the individual defaults on payment, YEGCL would have to perform under the guarantees. It is reasonably possible that YEGCL would be required to make payment under its guarantees. As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, the maximum amount of undiscounted payments that YEGCL would have to make in the event of default is Rmb 7.4 million and Rmb 134.2 million

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(US$16.6 million). Pursuant to the requirements of FIN 45, the Company accrued Rmb 0.2 million and Rmb 16.8 million (US$2.1 million) related to its stand ready obligation under the guarantee arrangement in 2004 and 2005, respectively. In assessing the contingent liability, management considered the probable recoverable amount of the secured automobiles and the customers’ deposits against its obligations to the banks for the defaulted payments from the customers. The Company has assessed that there is a risk exposure relating to default by customers on the expected future payments and therefore such a provision for loss contingency is required. The amount recognized during the year ended December 31, 2004 and 2005 includes premium received or receivable, which is amortizedrevenue on a straight line basis over the terms of the guarantees, ofrespective guarantee. Guarantee fees recognized as revenue in 2005, 2006 and 2007 amounted to Rmb 220.01.2 million, Rmb 4.7 million and Rmb 4.52.2 million (US$0.60.3 million), respectively. The amountAs of premium being amortized, which were recorded as revenue, for the year ended December 31, 20042005, 2006 and 2005 were2007, deferred guarantee fee revenue amounted to Rmb 0.013.3 million, Rmb 2.9 million and Rmb 1.20.7 million (US$0.1 million), respectively. The remaining balance
     Subsequent to initial measurement and recognition of the liability for YEGCL’s obligations under these loan guarantees, management evaluates YEGCL’s guarantee portfolio and accounts for potential loss contingencies associated with the guarantees based on the estimated losses resulting from known and expected defaults. As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, YEGCL had gross receivables of Rmb 12.326.9 million and Rmb 20.2 million (US$3.0 million), respectively, relating to payments made by YEGCL to the banks in conjunction with loans that were in default, and to be recovered from the individual borrowers. YEGCL recorded a bad debt allowance in the amount of Rmb 12.5 million and Rmb 9.7 million (US$1.4 million) for other receivables, and Rmb 2,611 and Rmb 1,119 for potential losses associated with the guarantee at December 31, 2006 and 2007 respectively, but leaving a net receivable amount of Rmb 15.2 million and Rmb 10.5 million (US$1.5 million) at December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
     As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, the maximum potential amount of future undiscounted payments YEGCL could be required to make under the guarantees was Rmb 132.3 million and Rmb 43.7 million (US$6.4 million), respectively. YEGCL held cash deposits of Rmb 12.4 million and Rmb 10.0 million (US$1.5 million) as of December 31, 2005 represents2006 and 2007, respectively, and security interests in automobiles with an aggregate initial purchase value of Rmb 431.8 million and Rmb 380.1 million (US$55.6 million) as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively. If, in the provisionevent of default the cash deposits and the amount of recoveries, if any, from repossession of the automobile may not entirely mitigate YEGCL’s losses, YEGCL then accumulates the total expected risk against the total expected recoverable amount and provides for loss contingency related toany expected shortfall. Accordingly, we recorded an accrual for potential losses associated with the guarantees where payment byin the Company was probable.amount of Rmb 2.6 million and Rmb 1.1 million (US$0.2 million) as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.

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Recoverability of carrying amount of investment in TCL
     The Company acquired a 15.99% equity ownership interest in TCL in 2005 as part of its diversification plan to include new businesses, other than Yuchai. The total purchase consideration was S$32.3 million, which approximates S$0.12 per share. The market price of TCL shares traded on the Singapore Exchange has fallen to S$0.08 on December 31, 2005 and was S$0.085 per share on July 31, 2006. Management of the Company has assessed and deemed the impairment to be temporary in nature and the Company has the ability and intent to hold its investment in TCL for a period that should allow it to recover its carrying value. Accordingly, no provision for impairment is required.
     Using the quoted market price at December 31, 2005, the TCL investment was valued at S$22.5 million (Rmb 109.0 million based on an exchange rate of S$1.00 to Rmb 4.83), compared to our carrying value of S$38.3 million (Rmb 185.0 million based on an exchange rate of S$1.00 to Rmb 4.83). If the Company’s management considered such impairment to be other than temporary, an impairment provision would have been recognized and income before income taxes and minority interest would have been reduced by Rmb 76.0 million (US$9.4 million based on an exchange rate of Rmb 8.0957 to US$1.00) for the year ended December 31, 2005.
Results of Operations
     The following table sets forth the percentagesour consolidated statement of operations as a percentage of our net revenues of certain income and expense items of the Company for the last three fiscal years ended December 31, 2003, 20042005, 2006 and 2005,2007, respectively:
                        
 Percentage of Net Revenues Percentage of Net Revenues
 Year Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31,
 2003 2004 2005 2005 2006 2007
Revenues, net  100.0%  100.0%  100.0%  100.0%  100.0%  100.0%
Cost of goods sold  69.9%  71.8%  77.7%  80.3%  81.6%  79.6%
Gross profit  30.1%  28.2%  22.3%  19.7%  18.4%  20.4%
Research and development costs  2.1%  2.5%  2.1%  2.1%  2.4%  1.6%
Selling, general and administrative expenses  12.3%  11.8%  13.8%
Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses  13.6%  11.5%  10.0%
Provision for uncollectible loans to a related party    3.5%  3.5%   
Operating income  15.8%  14.0%  2.9%  0.4%  4.4%  8.9%
Interest expense  0.5%  0.6%  1.2%  1.2%  1.7%  1.3%
Other (expenses)/income, net  0.0%  0.1%  0.4%
Income before income taxes and minority interests  15.2%  13.5%  2.0%
Equity in net income/(losses), net of affiliates  0.1%  0.3%  
Other income, net  0.4%  0.5%  0.6%
Earnings / (loss) before income taxes and minority interests  (0.4)%  2.9%  8.2%
Income taxes  2.5%  1.9%  0.4%  (0.2)%  (0.4)%  (0.7)%
Income before minority interests  12.8%  11.6%  1.7%
Minority interests in income of consolidated subsidiaries  3.2%  2.8%  0.5%
Net income  9.6%  8.8%  1.2%
Income / (loss) before minority interests  (0.6)%  2.5%  7.5%
Minority interests in (income) / loss of consolidated subsidiaries  0.1%  (0.9)%  (2.0)%
Net income / (loss)  (0.6)%  1.6%  5.5%

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20052007 Compared to 20042006
     Net revenue increased by 4.4%38.1% to Rmb 5,829.49,556.3 million (US$722.31,398.2 million) in 20052007 compared to Rmb 5,582.16,920.5 million in 2004.2006. The increase in net revenue was primarily due to highera 35.3% increase in sales volume, arising from more aggressive marketing programs. Unit sales of diesel engines increased by 11.4%or 100,094 units, to 230,228383,677 units in 20052007 from 206,628283,583 units in 2004 and this2006. The higher unit sales increasein 2007 came mainly from the higher unit sales of the 4-Series light-duty diesel engines and 6105 medium-duty diesel engines.sold in 2007 over 2006. In 2005,2007, net revenues of the 4-Series light-duty diesel engines increased by approximately 35.7% and net revenues of the 6105 medium-duty engines increased by approximately 52.9%46.6% as compared to 2004.2006.
     Cost of goods sold increased by 13.0%34.8% to Rmb 4,527.07,611.6 million (US$561.01,113.7 million) in 20052007 from Rmb 4,006.95,648.4 million in 2004, and increased2006, but decreased as a percentage of net revenues to 77.7%79.6% in 20052007 from 71.8%81.6% in 2004.2006. Cost of manufacturing increased by 14.5%35.4% to Rmb 4,371.17,377.7 million (US$541.61,079.5 million) in 20052007 from Rmb 3,816.75,447.5 million in 2004, and increased2006, but decreased as a percentage of net revenue to 75.0%77.2% in 2007 from 68.4%78.7% in 2004.2006. Cost of materials consumed included in costs of manufacturing increased by 15.9%38.7% to Rmb 3,660.96,484.5 million (US$453.6948.8 million) in 20052007 from Rmb 3,159.94,688.9 million in 20042006 (due to higher production throughout during 2005,throughput in 2007), while cost of materials consumed as a percentage of net revenue increased to 62.8%68.0% in 2007 from 67.8% in 2006. Factory overhead (which does not include depreciation and salaries) included in cost of goods sold increased by 28.4% to Rmb 463.1 million (US$67.8 million) in 2007 from Rmb 360.7 million in 2006, due to higher production throughput. Factory overhead as a percentage of net revenue decreased to 4.8% for 2007 from 5.2% for 2006. Depreciation and amortization included in cost of manufacturing increased to Rmb 163.9 million (US$23.9 million) in 2007 from Rmb 94.2 million in 2006. Depreciation as a percentage of net revenue increased from 1.3% in 2006 to 1.7% in 2007.
     Gross profit increased by 52.9% to Rmb 1,944.7 million (US$284.5 million) in 2007 from Rmb 1,272.1 million in 2006. Gross profit margin (gross profit divided by net revenue) increased to 20.4% in 2007 compared to 18.4% in 2006 due to higher sales volume from higher production throughput and therefore greater economies of scale.
     SG&A expenses (excluding research and development) increased by 17.2% to Rmb 951.6 million (US$139.2 million) in 2007 from Rmb 801.8 million in 2006 and decreased as a percentage of net revenue from 11.5% in 2006 to 10.0% in 2007. This increase in SG&A expenses was primarily due to higher administrative staff costs, although bad debt expenses had decreased by Rmb 32.6 million in 2007 with the recovery of debts that were previously provided for. In 2007, Rmb 11.0 million of the amounts previously provided was credited to the consolidated statement of income and no new allowance was made. We recovered Rmb 11.0 million from customers that were previously assessed to be uncollectible as of December 31, 2006. No new provision was required in 2007 as the allowance as of December 31, 2007 was adequate considering the post year-end collection information.

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     Advertising expenses included in SG&A decreased by 59.6% to Rmb 17.2 million (US$2.5 million) in 2007 from Rmb 42.6 million in 2006. Advertising expenses as a percentage of net revenue decreased to 0.2% in 2007 from 0.6% in 2006. The decrease in advertising and promotion expenses is mainly due to greater economies of scale achieved with our main advertising partners.
     Sales commission expenses included in SG&A expenses increased by 82.5% to Rmb 58.7 million (US$8.6 million) in 2007 from Rmb 32.2 million in 2006. Sales commission expenses as a percentage of net revenue increased to 0.6% in 2007 from 0.5% in 2006. The increase is due to higher sales commissions to Yuchai’s dealers on certain types of engines and higher sales volume.
     Salaries and wages as a percentage of net revenues was 9.1% in 2007 and 8.9% in 2006. As a result of the foregoing, profits from operations increased to Rmb 841.6 million (US$123.1 million) in 2007 compared to Rmb 304.5 million in 2006.
     Interest expense increased to Rmb 125.2 million (US$18.3 million) in 2007 from Rmb 117.5 million in 2006, primarily due to the higher working capital loans utilized by Yuchai and the bank loans obtained by the Company to finance the Company’s acquisition of its interest in HLGE and TCL in 2006.
     There was equity in income of affiliates of Rmb 14.0 million (US$2.1 million) in 2007 as compared to equity in losses of Rmb 22.4 million in 2006 because the affiliate, TCL reported profits in 2007 as compared to losses in 2006, as a result of higher revenue and cost reduction.
     Other income, net increased to Rmb 53.6 million (US$7.8 million) in 2007 from Rmb 38.9 million in 2006. This increase was mainly attributable to (i) dividend income of Rmb 4.9 million (US$0.7 million) from investments as compared to nil in 2006 ; (ii) decrease in exchange losses by Rmb 4.8 million (US$0.7 million); and (iii) Rmb 6.1 million (US$0.9 million) gain on changes in fair values of derivatives that were embedded in some of the HLGE securities as compared to loss of Rmb 3.6 million in 2006; (iv) Rmb 54.2 million (US$7.9 million) of interest income as compared to Rmb 47.1 million in 2006, and offset by a gain on redemption of debt and equity securities which decreased by Rmb 11.0 million (US$1.6 million).
     Earnings before income taxes and minority interests in 2007 were Rmb 783.9 million (US$114.7 million), as compared to Rmb 203.4 million in 2006.
     Income tax expense in 2007 was Rmb 68.5 million (US$10.0 million) compared to income tax expense of Rmb 30.5 million in 2006. Yuchai was subject to PRC income tax at a rate of 15.0% in both 2006 and 2007. Our effective tax rates were 15.0% and 8.7% for 2006 and 2007, respectively. The lower effective tax rate in 2007 was due to (a) the reduction in valuation allowance in 2007 of Rmb 34.7 million (US$5.1 million) that arose from the reversal of a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets of a subsidiary that was previously loss-making and assessed to be realizable in 2007; (b) tax credits amounting to Rmb11.9 million (US$1.7 million) in relation to approved research and development costs and Rmb 70.9 million (US$10.4 million) relating to the purchase of certain domestic equipment. These credits, along with the tax credits of Rmb 50.4 million relating to the purchase of certain domestic equipment carried over from prior years, were fully utilized against current income taxes, except for Rmb 8.9 million (US$1.3 million) in relation to credits approved for the purchase of certain domestic equipment that have been forfeited as of December 31, 2007. The lower effective tax rate in 2007 is offset by the write off of a deferred tax asset of Rmb 27.7 million previously recognized in respect of a valuation allowance against loans to a related party due to a change in PRC tax law.
     As a result of the foregoing factors, we had profit before minority interests of Rmb 715.4 million (US$104.7 million) in 2007 compared to profit before minority interests of Rmb 172.9 million in 2006, and a net income of Rmb 525.5 million (US$76.9 million) in 2007 compared to a net income of Rmb 111.3 million in 2006.
2006 Compared to 2005
     Net revenue increased by 19.0% to Rmb 6,920.5 million in 2006 compared to Rmb 5,816.7 million in 2005. The increase in net revenue was primarily due to a 23.2% increase in sales volume, or 53,355 units, to 283,583 units in 2006 from 230,228 units in 2005. The higher unit sales in 2006 came mainly from the higher unit sales of the 4-Series light-duty engines sold in 2006 over 2005. In 2006, net revenues of the 4-Series light-duty diesel engines increased by approximately 43.3% as compared to 2005.
     Cost of goods sold increased by 20.9% to Rmb 5,648.4 million in 2006 from Rmb 4,673.4 million in 2005, and increased as a percentage of net revenues to 81.6% in 2006 from 56.6%80.3% in 2004.2005. Cost of manufacturing increased by 20.6% to Rmb 5,447.5 million in 2006 from Rmb 4,517.0 million in 2005, and increased as a percentage of net revenue to 78.7% in 2006 from 77.7% in 2005. Cost of materials consumed included in costs of manufacturing increased by 29.8% to Rmb 4,688.9 million in 2006 from Rmb 3,612.6 million in 2005 (due to higher production throughput in 2006), while cost of materials consumed as a percentage of net revenue increased to 67.8% in 2006 from 65.5% in 2005. Factory overhead (which does not include depreciation and salaries) included in cost of manufacturing decreased by 2.4%11.8% to Rmb 360.7 million in 2006 from Rmb 409.0 million (US$50.7 million) in 2005, from Rmb 419.2 million in 2004, due to lower variable factory expenses.cost savings in consumables. Factory overhead as a percentage of net revenue decreased to 5.2% for 2006 from 7.0% for 20052005. Depreciation and 7.5% for 2004. Depreciationamortization included in cost of manufacturing increased to Rmb 115.590.8 million (US$14.3 million)in 2006 from Rmb 84.987.0 million in 2004.2005. Depreciation as a percentage of net revenue increased to 2.0%decreased from 1.6% in 2005 from 1.5%to 1.3% in 2004.2006.

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     Gross profit decreasedincreased by 17.3%11.3% to Rmb 1,302.41,272.1 million (US$161.4 million) in 20052006 from Rmb 1,575.21,143.4 million in 2004.2005. Gross profit margin (gross profit divided by net revenue) decreased to 22.3%18.4% in 2006 compared to 19.7% in 2005 due to competition, product sales mix and higher raw materials costs. Yuchai generated 32.1% of its net revenue from the lower margin light-duty engines in 2006 compared to 28.2% in 2004, reflecting a shift in the sales mix whereby the gross margin for the 4-Series and industrial engines were lower than margins historically achieved for both medium and heavy-duty engines.2005.
     SG&A expenses (excluding research and development) increased by 22.6%2.4 % to Rmb 807.4812.3 million (US$100.0 million)in 2006 from Rmb 793.2 million in 2005 from Rmb 658.3 million in 2004 and increaseddecreased as a percentage of net revenue from 11.8%13.6% in 20042005 to 13.8%11.5% in 2005.2006. This increase in SG&A expenses was primarily due to the increase in sales, legal and professionalhigher administrative staff costs and allowance for doubtful accounts on trade accounts receivable. Research and development expenses decreased to Rmb 123.9 million (US$15.4 million) in 2005 from Rmb 137.0 million in 2004.audit fees.
     Advertising expenses included in SG&A decreased by 7.0%6.0% to Rmb 42.6 million in 2006 from Rmb 45.3 million (US$5.6 million) in 2005 from Rmb 48.7 million in 2004.2005. Advertising expenses as a percentage of net revenue decreased to 0.6% in 2006 from 0.8% in 2005 from 0.9%2005. The decrease in 2004.advertising and promotion expenses is mainly due to greater economies of scale achieved with our main advertising partners.
     Sales commission expenses included in SG&A expenses increaseddecreased by 239.7%18.3% to Rmb 32.2 million in 2006 from Rmb 39.4 million (US$4.9 million) in 2005 from Rmb 11.6 million in 2004.2005. Sales commission expenses as a percentage of net revenues increasedrevenue decreased to 0.5% in 2006 from 0.7% in 2005 from 0.2% in 2004.2005. The decrease in advertising is mainly due to lower spending on television and road signboard advertising. The increase in sales commissions is mainly due to higher commission giventhe discontinuing of sales commissions to promote the salesits dealers on certain types of new products such as 6L and 6M heavy duty diesel engines.
     Included in the 2005 incomeconsolidated statement of operations is a provisionan impairment loss for uncollectiblenon-trade loans to a related party of Rmb 205,000 (US$25,402).203.0 million. See Note 5 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements appearing elsewhere herein.our consolidated financial statements. This provision was carried forward in 2006. Salaries and wages as a percentage of net revenues was 8.3%8.9% in 20052006 and 7.4%7.9% in 2004.2005. As a result of the foregoing, profits from operations decreasedincreased to Rmb 168.7304.5 million (US$20.9 million) in 20052006 compared to Rmb 779.926.0 million in 2004.2005.
     Interest expensesexpense increased by 122.1% to Rmb 117.5 million in 2006 from Rmb 70.5 million (US$8.7 million) in 2005, from Rmb 31.8 million in 2004, primarily due to increasethe higher working capital loans utilized by Yuchai and the bank loans obtained by the Company to finance the Company’s acquisition of its interest in bank borrowings.HLGE and TCL in 2006.
     ProfitEquity in losses of affiliates increased from Rmb 6.0 million in 2005 to Rmb 22.4 million in 2006. The 2005 loss relates solely to our share of equity in the loss of TCL. In 2006, our share of equity in the loss of TCL increased to Rmb 23.9 million as a result of higher net loss recorded by TCL as it continued to face heavy competition in its principal markets and losses from discontinued operations. Our share of the equity in the income of HLGE was Rmb 1.4 million in our 2006 results.
     Other income, net increased to Rmb 49.4 million in 2006 from Rmb 37.4 million in 2005. This increase is mainly attributable to (i) Rmb 25.2 million of interest income on TCL bonds and HLGE bonds acquired in 2006 compared to nil in 2005; (ii) Rmb 28.5 million gain on redemption of debt and equity securities of TCL and HLGE compared to nil in 2005; and (iii) Rmb 10.5 million interest income collected on the Rmb 205.0 million loan; and offset by (a) Rmb 3.6 million loss on changes in fair values of derivatives that were embedded in some of these securities in 2006 compared to nil in 2005; and (b) exchange losses of Rmb 41.9 million mainly arising on Singapore dollar denominated loans.
     Earnings before income taxes and minority interests in 2005 was2006 were Rmb 117.2203.4 million, (US$14.5 million), as compared to a profitloss before income taxes and minority interests of Rmb 753.925.1 million in 2004.2005.
     Income tax expensesexpense in 20052006 was Rmb 20.930.5 million (US$2.6 million) compared to income tax expensesexpense of Rmb 105.210.1 million in 2004.2005. Yuchai was subject to PRC income tax at a rate of 15.0% in both 20042005 and 2005. The2006. Our effective tax rates of Yuchai were 14.0%(40.0) % and 17.8%15.0% for 20042005 and 20052006, respectively. EffectiveThe higher effective tax rate forin 2005 was primarily due to additionalhigher non-deductible expenses, while in 2006 the reversal of a valuation allowance for deferred tax purposes.assets that were previously believed to be non-recoverable and the higher amount of estimated recoverable tax credits generated contributed to the lower rate.
     As a result of the foregoing factors, the Companywe had profit before minority interests of Rmb 96.4172.9 million (US$11.9 million)in 2006 compared to loss before minority interests of Rmb 35.2 million in 2005, compared to Rmb 648.7 million in 2004, and net income of Rmb 68.5 million (US$8.5 million) in 2005 compared to a net income of Rmb 491.4111.3 million in 2004.
2004 Compared to 2003
     Net revenue increased by 22.1% to Rmb 5,582.1 million (US$674.5 million) in 20042006 compared to Rmb 4,570.0 million in 2003. The increase ina net revenue was primarily due to higher sales volume arising from more aggressive marketing programs. Unit sales of diesel engines increased by 20.0% to 206,628 units in 2004 from 172,219 units in 2003 and this unit sales increase came mainly from higher sales of the 4-Series light-duty diesel engines and 6112 heavy-duty diesel engines. In 2004, net revenues of the 4-Series light-duty diesel engines increased by approximately 54% and net revenues of the 6112 heavy-duty engines increased by approximately 20% as compared to 2003.
     Cost of goods sold increased by 25.5% to Rmb 4,006.9 million (US$484.1 million) in 2004 from Rmb 3,192.8 million in 2003, and increased as a percentage of net revenues to 71.8% in 2004 from 69.9% in 2003. Cost of manufacturing increased by 27.5% to Rmb 3,816.7 million (US$461.1 million) in 2004 from Rmb 2,993.7 million in 2003, and increased as a percentage of net revenue to 68.4% from 65.5% in 2003. Cost of materials consumed in costs of manufacturing increased by 27.4% to Rmb 3,159.9 million (US$381.8 million) in 2004 from Rmb 2,479.9 million in 2003 (due to higher production throughput during 2004), while cost of materials consumed as a percentage of net revenue increased to 56.6% in 2004 from 54.3% in 2003. Factory overhead (which does not include depreciation and salaries) included in cost of manufacturing increased by 118.4% to Rmb 419.2 million (US$50.6 million) in 2004 from Rmb 191.9 million in 2003, due to higher variable factory expenses (such as utilities) arising from higher diesel engine production in 2004. Factory overhead as a percentage of net revenue similarly increased to 7.5% for 2004 and 4.2% for 2003. Depreciation included in cost of manufacturing decreased to Rmb 84.9 million (US$10.3 million) from Rmb 88.7 million in 2003. Depreciation as a percentage of net revenue decreased to 1.5% in 2004 from 1.9% in 2003.
     Gross profit increased by 14.4% to Rmb 1,575.2 million (US$190.3 million) in 2004 from Rmb 1,377.2 million in 2003. Gross profit margin (gross profit divided by net revenue) decreased to 28.2% in 2004 compared to 30.1% in 2003, reflecting a shift in the sales mix whereby the gross margin for the 4-Series and industrial engines were lower than margins historically achieved for both medium and heavy-duty engines.

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     SG&A expenses (excluding research and development) increased by 17.3% to Rmb 658.3 million (US$79.5 million) in 2004 from Rmb 561.2 million in 2003 and decreased as a percentage of net revenue from 12.3% in 2003 to 11.8% in 2004. This increase in SG&A was primarily due to the increase in sales. Research and development expenses increased to Rmb 137.0 million (US$16.5 million) in 2004 from Rmb 94.6 million in 2003. Such increased expenses were primarily due to the development of the 6L engines and Euro II compliance. Advertising expenses included in SG&A increased by 18.8% to Rmb 48.7 million (US$5.9 million) in 2004 from Rmb 41.0 million in 2003. Advertising expenses as a percentage of net revenue decreased to 0.9% in 2004 from 0.90% in 2003. Sales commission expenses included in SG&A expenses decreased by 30.5% to Rmb 11.6 million (US$1.4 million) in 2004 from Rmb 16.7 million in 2003. Sales commission expenses as a percentage of net revenues decreased to 0.2% in 2004 from 0.4% in 2003. The increase in advertising and decrease in sales commission expenses reflected primarily higher costs incurred for the promotion of the 6L and 6M engines in 2004 and the change in Yuchai’s promotion strategies by offering lower selling prices to customers rather than through sales commission paid to its sales agents. Salaries and wages as a percentage of net revenues was 7.4% in 2004 and 7.5% in 2003. In 2003, management identified that certain property, plant and equipment were no longer used in production due to the introduction of new environmental regulations in 2003. These changes required an impairment analysis to be performed in accordance with SFAS No. 144. The estimated undiscounted future cash flows generated from such property, plant and equipment were less than their carrying value. The carrying value of such assets was therefore reduced to estimated fair value. Impairment loss of Rmb 12.4 million (US$1.5 million) has been charged to income statements in 2003. In 2004, the Company has not identified circumstances which indicate that the carrying value of the property, plant and equipment may not be recoverable, hence no impairment loss was recognized. As a result of the foregoing, profits from operations increased to Rmb 779.9 million (US$94.2 million) in 2004 compared to Rmb 721.432.3 million in 2003.
     Interest expenses increased by 34.7% to Rmb 31.8 million (US$3.8 million) in 2004 from Rmb 23.6 million in 2003, primarily due to increase in bank borrowings.
     Income before income taxes and minority interests in 2004 was Rmb 753.9 million (US$91.1 million), as compared to Rmb 696.9 million in 2003. Income tax expenses in 2004 was Rmb 105.2 million (US$12.7 million) compared to income tax expenses of Rmb 112.9 million in 2003. Yuchai was subject to PRC income tax at a rate of 10.0% in 2000 and 2001, and 15.0% in 2002, 2003 and 2004.
     As a result of the foregoing factors, the Company had income before minority interests of Rmb 648.7 million (US$78.4 million) in 2004 compared to Rmb 584.0 million in 2003, and net income of Rmb 491.4 million (US$59.4 million) in 2004 compared to Rmb 438.2 million in 2003.2005.
Inflation
     The general annual inflation rate in China was approximately 1.2%1.8%, 3.9%1.5% and 1.8%4.8% in 2003, 20042005, 2006 and 2005,2007, respectively. The Company’sOur results of operations may be affected by inflation, particularly rising prices for parts and components, labor costs and other operating costs. The inflation rate has weakened in 2008 as a result of the recent global financial crisis.
Seasonality
     Yuchai’s business generally is not seasonal. However, Yuchai’s results of operations in the first and second quarters of recent calendar years have been marginally higher than in the third and fourth quarters of the corresponding year, due to slightly better

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production and sales performance in the first half compared to the second half of such calendar years. As a result, cash generated from operations may also be subject to some seasonal variation. See also “— Liquidity and Capital Resources.”
Liquidity and Capital Resources
     The Company’sOur primary sources of cash are funds from operations generated by Yuchai, as well as debt financing incurredobtained by the Company. The Company’sus. Our operations providedgenerated positive net cash in 2003, 2004 and 2005. The acquisitions of TCLflows in 2005, 2006 and LKN in 2006 were funded from internal cash and external bank borrowings. In 2005, the Company’s2007. Our primary cash requirements wereare for working capital, and capital expenditures to complete the expansion of production capacity. The Company believescapacity and funding our business expansion and diversification plan. We believe that itsour sources of liquidity are sufficient for itsour operational requirements over the next year. Factorstwelve months from the date of this Annual Report. However, under the current market conditions there can be no assurance that our business activity will be maintained at the expected level to generate the anticipated cash flows from operating activities. If the current market conditions persist or further deteriorate, we may experience a decrease in demand for our products, resulting in our cash flows from operating activities being lower than anticipated. If our cash flows from operations is lower than anticipated, including as a result of the ongoing downturn in market conditions or otherwise, we may need to obtain additional financing which may not be available on favorable terms, or at all. Other factors which may affect the Company’sour ability to generate funds from operations include increased competition (including as a result of China’s admission to the WTO), fluctuations in customer demand for the Company’sour products, the Company’sour ability to collect and control itsour level of accounts receivable, and the status of the Company’sour investment in Yuchai under Chinese law and the implementation of the Reorganization Agreement (seeand the Cooperation Agreement. See “Item 4. Information on the Company — Recent Developments”).History and Development — Reorganization Agreement.” Our cash and cash equivalents are held in accounts managed by third party financial institutions. While we monitor the cash balances in our operating accounts and adjust the cash balances as appropriate, these cash balances could be impacted if the underlying financial institutions fail or could be subject to other adverse conditions in the financial markets. As of the date of this filing, we have experienced no loss or lack of access to cash in our operating accounts.
     As of December 31, 2005, the Company2007, we had approximately Rmb 736.2520.9 million (US$91.276.2 million) in cash and cash equivalents on a consolidated basis which the Company considers would be sufficient to meet the Company’s operational requirements at least for the next year. However, the Company believesbasis. We believe that if the Company iswe are considered on a stand alonestand-alone basis without itsour investment in Yuchai, the Companywe would find it difficult to raise new capital (either debt or equity) on itsour own.
     The following table summarizes the key elements of the Company’s cash flows for the last three years:
                 
  December 31, 
  2003  2004  2005  2005 
  Rmb  Rmb  Rmb  US$ 
  (in thousands) 
Net cash provided by operating activities  1,075,274   589,608   242,674   30,070 
Net cash used in investing activities  (372,373)  (753,367)  (677,215)  (83,915)
Net cash (used in)/provided by financing activities  (714,163)  254,493   452,777   56,105 
Currency translation adjustment        (4,713)  (584)
             
Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents  (11,262)  90,734   13,523   1,676 
             
     Net cash flow provided by operating activities decreased by Rmb 346.9 millions. The decrease was principally caused by an increase in inventories, net of Rmb 289.7 million, due to stocking up at the end 2005 to meet expected higher sales in 2006. In addition,

37


the decrease in net cash from operating activities was also partly attributed to increase in trade accounts receivables, net of Rmb 270.7 million and increased in amount due from related companies of Rmb 115.1 million. In addition, there was an increased in trade accounts payable in 2005 of Rmb 553.3 million arising from increased business activities from higher production. Net cash used in investing activities decreased by Rmb 76.2 million in 2005, principally due to repayment of Rmb 205.0 million of loans from a related company and increased in purchased of investments of Rmb 161.4 million. The Rmb 205.0 million loan repaid by the related company (YMLC) was subsequently re-loaned to the same company (see also Note 5 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements appearing elsewhere herein. Net cash provided by financing activities increased by Rmb 198.3 million in 2005, mainly due to net increase in net proceeds from bank terms loans of Rmb 432.8 million, proceeds from 2% convertible bonds of Rmb 206.9 million and offset by the dividend payment of Rmb 120.3 million made in 2005.
     Cash provided by continuing operations is a major source of the Company’s liquidity. Other than with respect to the application of cash generated from operations for capital expenditures and dividend payments (see “Item 8. Financial Information — Policy on Dividend Distributions”), the Company does not have a formal cash management policy.
     The Company expectsWe expect that cash generated from operations and credit collection arrangements should provide the Companyus with sufficient financial flexibility to satisfy future bank obligations, capital expenditures and projected working capital requirements. However, at certain times, cash generated from operations is subject to seasonal fluctuations. As a result, the Companywe may use periodic bank borrowings to supplement itsour working capital requirements. Yuchai has established banking relationships with a number of domestic Chinese banks, each of which will review Yuchai’s loan applications on a case by casecase-by-case basis with reference to the loan limit approved by Yuchai’s Board of Directors. During its April 2006 board meeting, Yuchai’s Board of Directors approved an increase in Yuchai’s borrowing limit to Rmb 2,000 million. Yuchai had outstanding borrowings of Rmb 962.8904.2 million (US$132.3 million) as of December 31, 2005.2007. The interest rate applicable to the amounts borrowed ranges from 4.94%3.60% and 5.85% per annum. During its AprilThis includes Rmb 497.0 million of unsecured bonds issued at a discount in June 2006 board meeting,pursuant to an application approved by the Yuchai boardPBOC for short-term bonds issuing limit of directors approved an increase in this borrowing limitup to Rmb 2,000 million.1,000 million (US$146.3 million). The bonds matured on March 9, 2007 and have since been refinanced with short-term loans from three local banks which are interest bearing at 5.022% per annum and are repayable on demand. On April 18, 2007, Yuchai issued the second tranche of short term bonds of Rmb 650.0 million (US$95.1 million) under approval given by PBOC on May 30, 2006 and the funds were used to pay off the short term loans from three local banks. The bonds were issued at discount and an amount totaling Rmb 637.0 million was received by Yuchai. The bonds matured on 17 April, 2008. On August 8, 2008, the Company announced Yuchai’s intention to apply to PBOC for approval for the issuance of short term financing bonds of up to RMB1.1 billion to satisfy its current capital expenditures and projected working capital requirements as well as reduce financing costs. In view of the declining interest rates of loans offered by local banks, Yuchai has decided to defer its intended plan to issue short-term financing bonds.
     As of June 30, 2006,December 31, 2008, Yuchai had outstanding borrowings of Rmb 920 million.700.0 million (US$102.4 million). The Company believesunutilized loan facilities amounted to Rmb 715.4 million (US$104.7 million). We believe that should there be a need for further loans from banks, Yuchai could seek to drawdown additional amounts up to such limit from the domestic Chinese domestic banks; however,banks. However, no assurance can be given that such additional borrowings would be approved by such banks.

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The following table summarizes the key elements of our cash flows for the last three years:
                 
  For Year ended December 31,
  2005 2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
      (in thousands)    
Net cash provided by operating activities  234,770   634,146   84,554   12,371 
Net cash used in investing activities  (669,311)  (1,289,944)  (168,503)  (24,654)
Net cash provided/(used in) by financing activities  452,777   670,640   (135,061)  (19,762)
Effect of foreign currency exchange on cash and cash equivalents  (4,713)  (5,104)  (5,978)  (874)
                 
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents  13,523   9,738   (224,988)  (32,919)
                 
     Net cash flow provided by operating activities decreased by Rmb 549.6 million (US$80.4 million) in 2007 compared to 2006. The Company’sdecrease was mainly caused by the reduction in bills receivable discounting activities. The bills receivable were largely not discounted because the cash requirements for investing activities were lower. As a result, bills receivable increased by Rmb 1,385.8 million (US$202.8 million) as of December 31, 2007 compared to December 31, 2006. This effect more than compensated for the increased cash flow arising from the increase in operating profit which increased Rmb 537.1 million (US$78.6 million) in 2007 compared to 2006. Net cash used in investing activities decreased by Rmb 1,121.4 million (US$164.1 million) in 2007 compared to 2006, principally due to the acquisition of equities and bonds in HLGE and further investment in TCL during 2006. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Business Expansion and Diversification Plan” for further details. Net cash provided by financing activities decreased by Rmb 805.7 million (US$117.9 million) in 2007 compared to 2006, due mainly to a Rmb 22.4 million (US$3.3 million) increase in dividends paid to shareholders, and decrease in net proceeds from bank loans of Rmb 786.9 million (US$115.1 million).
     Net cash flow provided by operating activities increased by Rmb 399.4 million in 2006 compared to 2005. The increase was principally caused by the increase in cash collections from customers due to increased sales, better management of working capital and a decrease in cash paid for income taxes due to the over-payment of tax in 2005, partially offset by increased cash payments to suppliers and employees due to increased operations and the increase in cash paid for interest because of higher borrowings from banks. Net cash used in investing activities increased by Rmb 620.6 million in 2006 compared to 2005, principally due to the acquisition of equities and bonds in HLGE and further investment in TCL. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Business Expansion and Diversification Plan” for further details. Net cash provided by financing activities increased by Rmb 217.9 million in 2006 compared to 2005, due mainly to a Rmb 114.4 million and Rmb 43.6 million decrease in dividends paid to shareholders and dividends paid by subsidiaries to minority stockholders, respectively, as well as an increase in net proceeds from bank term loans of Rmb 266.8 million.
     Other than with respect to the application of cash generated from operations for capital expenditures and dividend payments, we do not have a formal cash management policy.
     Our working capital as of December 31, 20052007 was Rmb 959.41,056.4 million (US$154.6 million) compared to Rmb 1,402.2457.4 million as of December 31, 2004. The decrease in working capital was primarily due to the increase of accounts payable by 50.8% to Rmb 1,643.0 million, with higher volume of raw materials and components purchased to meet expected higher sales in 2006. In addition, the increase in total current liabilities was also partly due to increase in borrowings of Rmb 432.8 million.
     As of December 31, 2005, the Company2007, we had long-term debt including current installments, totaling Rmb 150.0767.9 million (US$112.4 million), of which Rmb 100.0457.8 million (US$66.9 million) will mature in 2006.2008 and classified as long term because we have entered into a financing agreement that allows us to refinance the short-term obligation on a long term basis. The Companyremaining Rmb 310.1 million (US$45.4 million) will mature in 2010. We had current debt totaling Rmb 812.8819.2 million (US$120.0 million) as of December 31, 2005.
     The Company’s capital expenditures were Rmb 515.4 million in 2005, Rmb 552.9 million in 2004 and Rmb 372.8 million in 2003. As of December 31, 2005, the Company had authorized and contracted for capital expenditures for improvement to existing production facilities in the amount of Rmb 214.1 million. As the Company’s business continues to grow, it will also require additional funds for increased working capital requirements, including to finance increased accounts receivable. The Company expects to fund its capital expenditures and working capital requirements primarily from funds from operations generated by Yuchai and, to the extent that is insufficient, from bank loans incurred by Yuchai and the Company. Yuchai’s ability to obtain financing is limited by government regulation and a general shortage of debt and equity financing in China. Any additional capital contribution by the Company to Yuchai would require, among other things, the approval of the MOC, which has broad discretion with respect to such approval.2007.
     In February 2005, the Companywe issued $25.0 million in principal amount of convertible bonds due 2012 in a private placement. The convertible bonds due 2012 carried interest at 2.0% per annum, and matured in 2012, unless redeemed earlier in accordance with their terms. The bonds were convertible by their holders into newly issued ordinary shares of Common Stock of the Company at a conversion price of $12.969$12.97 per share, subject to customary adjustments. The bonds were fully converted by their holders in June 2005. Upon conversion, the Companywe issued 1,927,673 ordinary shares of Common Stock, representing approximately 5.45%5.5% and 5.17%5.2% of the then existing and enlarged issued share capitalshares of the Company,Common Stock, respectively. The Company received approximately $24.9 million in proceeds from the convertible bond placement after deducting costs and expenses. The proceeds of thethis offering had beenwere fully utilized to partially finance the TCL ordinary share acquisitions described above.
     As an additional source of funding for the Company’sour business expansion and diversification related activities, the Company had in March 2005, September 2005, January 2006 and March 2006, we entered into credit facilities for $25.0US$25.0 million, $50.0US$50.0 million, S$60.0 million (approximately US$37.0 million, based on an exchange rate of S$1.62 to US$1.00)44.1 million) and S$110.0 million (approximately US$69.2 million, based on an exchange rate of S$1.59 to US$1.00)80.8 million), respectively, with various banks in Singapore. The Company hasWe have drawn down the first three facilities as of June 30,December 31, 2006 in connection with itsour acquisition of shares and bonds in TCL and LKNHLGE described above. The purpose of the fourth credit facility is to enable the Company to make further new acquisitionsexpired in October 2006.

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as part     As of its diversification plans. These facilities aggregate approximately $181.2 million of which $112December 31, 2006, US$113.4 million had been drawn down as of June 30, 2006.down. The terms of these facilities require, among other things, that HLAHong Leong Asia retains ownership of CYI’s Special Shareour special share and that CYI remainswe remain a consolidated subsidiary of HLA.Hong Leong Asia. The terms of these facilities also include certain financial covenants with respect to CYI’sour tangible net worth and net gearing ratio throughout the tenor of the facility, as well as negative pledge provisions and customary drawdown requirements and events of default. See Note 18 to our consolidated financial statements for more information.

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     On March 30, 2007, we entered into an unsecured multi-currency revolving credit facility agreement with a bank in Singapore for an aggregate of US$40.0 million to refinance the S$60.0 million facility that was due to mature on July 26, 2007. The facility is available for three years from the date of the facility agreement and will be utilized by us to finance our long-term general working capital requirements. The terms of the facility require, among other things, that Hong Leong Asia Ltd. (“Hong Leong Asia”) retains ownership of the special share and that we remain a principal subsidiary (as defined in the facility agreement) of Hong Leong Asia. The terms of the facility also include certain financial covenants with respect to our tangible net worth (as defined in the agreement) as at June 30 and December 31 of each year not being less than US$120 million and the ratio of our total net debt (as defined in the agreement) to tangible net worth as at June 30 and December 31 of each year not exceeding 2.0 times, as well as negative pledge provisions and customary drawdown requirements. As of June 12, 2007, we had fully drawndown on the US$40.0 million facility. The Company has also undertaken to make available to the bank, within 180 days after the end of its financial year (beginning with financial year 2007), copies of its audited consolidated accounts as at the end of and for that financial year. A waiver from compliance with this undertaking in relation to the production of the 2007 audited consolidated accounts has been received from the bank granting an extension of time until February 28, 2009.
     On March 20, 2008, we entered into a facility agreement with the Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., Singapore Branch (“Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi”), to re-finance the existing US$25.0 million credit facility which matured on March 20, 2008. The new unsecured, multi-currency revolving credit facility has a committed aggregate value of S$21.5 million with a one—year duration. The new facility will be used to finance the Company’s long-term general working capital requirements.
     On August 28, 2008, we entered into a bridging loan agreement of up to S$50 million for a 12-month duration, with DBS Bank Ltd., (“DBS”) of Singapore, to partially re-finance the US$50.0 million revolving credit facility with Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, Singapore Branch which expired on September 6, 2008. The new facility will also be used to finance the Company’s long-term general working capital requirements. The terms of the facility include certain financial covenants as well as negative pledge and default provisions. We have also undertaken to make available to DBS, within 180 days after the end of its financial year, copies of its audited consolidated accounts as at the end of each financial year. A waiver from compliance with this undertaking in relation to the production of our 2007 audited consolidated accounts has been received from DBS granting an extension of time until February 28, 2009.
     As part of its business strategy, Yuchai seeks opportunities from time to time opportunities to invest in China domestic manufacturers of diesel engine parts and components, as well as in other related automotive businesses, including truck manufacturers, and insurance, warranty servicing and credit support for diesel engine customers. Yuchai may make such investments and acquisitions with funds provided by operations, future debt or equity financings or a combination thereof. Subsequent to December 31, 2005, Yuchai has lodged an application to the People’s Bank of China for short-term bonds issuing limit amounting to Rmb 1,000 million (US$124.5 million). The application was approved on May 30, 2006 and is valid until the end of June 2007. Yuchai can issue the bonds in multiple tranches at various dates during the validity period of the approval. Yuchai intends to use these short-term bonds principally to refinance existing indebtedness relating to its working capital requirements.
     Yuchai issued the first tranche of Rmb 500 million short-term bonds on June 13, 2006 with a maturity date on March 9, 2007.
     The following table sets forth information on the Company’sour material contractual obligation payments for the periods indicated as of December 31, 2005:2007:
                     
  Payments Due by Period 
      Less than          More than 
Contractual Obligations Total  1 Year  1-3 Years  4-5 Years  5 Years 
  (in Rmb millions) 
Short-term debt  913   913          
Long-term debt  50      50       
Purchase Obligations regarding capital expenditure  214   214          
Lease Commitments  6   3   3       
                
Total  1,183   1,130   53       
                
 
                     
  Payments Due by Period
      Less than         More than
Contractual Obligations Total 1 Year 1-3 Years 4-5 Years 5 Years
  Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb
  (in millions)
Short-term debt(1)
  829.0   829.0          
Long-term debt(1)
  820.0   480.5   339.5       
Purchase obligations regarding capital expenditures  112.9   112.9          
Purchase of Yulin Hotel Company(2)
  245.6   245.6          
Lease commitments  12.1   5.4   6.7       
                     
Total  2,019.6   1,673.4   346.2       
                     
(1)Includes contractual interest payments
(2)This purchase obligation was settled in March 2008 through offset of certain loans and receivables due from YMCL.
Capital Expenditures
     SubsequentOur capital expenditures for a new plant in Xiamen and routine upgrades to, and replacement of, equipment, plant and property were Rmb 515.4 million, Rmb 323.8 million and Rmb 536.7 million (US$78.5 million) in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. We funded our capital expenditures primarily from funds generated from operations and, when necessary, from bank loans obtained by Yuchai. Our capital expenditures for 2005 of Rmb 515.4 million were primarily used for production capacity upgrading, second stage construction of Yuchai heavy-duty engine project and the new 4F engine project. Our capital expenditures for 2006 were primarily used for general production capacity and technical center upgrading, construction of Yuchai heavy-duty engine project and the 4F engine project, and acquisition of leasehold land for future development. Our capital expenditures in 2007 of Rmb276.8 million were primarily used for expansion of production capacity.

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     As of December 31, 2005,2007, we had authorized and contracted for capital expenditures for improvement to existing production facilities in the Company entered into a numberamount of contractual arrangement that result inRmb 112.9 million (US$16.5 million). As our business continues to grow, we will also require additional cash obligations or contingent cash obligations (see Note 34funds for increased working capital requirements and to finance increased trade accounts receivable. We expect to fund our capital expenditures and working capital requirements primarily from funds from operations generated by Yuchai and, to the Consolidated Financial Statements).extent that is insufficient, from bank loans incurred by Yuchai and us. Yuchai’s ability to obtain financing is limited by government regulation and a general shortage of debt and equity financing in China. Any additional capital we contribute to Yuchai would require, among other things, the approval of the MOC which has broad discretion with respect to such approval.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
     The Company currently does not engage in any off-balance sheet arrangements.
Guarantee by YEGCL
     YEGCL guaranteed borrowings of Rmb 7.6 million and Rmb 178.5 million (US$22.1 million) granted by commercial banks to unrelated parties in 2004 and 2005, respectively. The borrowings are due in equal monthly or quarterly instalments through one to two years. The guarantees were made to individual persons who applied for mortgage loans from commercial banks to purchase automobiles equipped with diesel engines produced by Yuchai. The guarantees are for the entire amount and term of the borrowings. In return, YEGCL receives a premium fee amounted to 2% to 8% of the amount of borrowings. All guarantees are secured by automobiles at a net book value totaling Rmb 11.7 million and Rmb 242.2 million (US$30.0 million) at December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively. If the individual defaults on payment, YEGCL would have to perform under the guarantees. It is reasonably possible that YEGCL would be required to make payment under its guarantees. As of December 31, 20042006 and 2005, the maximum amount of undiscounted payments that YEGCL would have to make in the event of default is Rmb 7.4 million and Rmb 134.2 million (US$16.6 million). Pursuant to the requirements of FIN 45, the Company accrued Rmb 0.2 million and Rmb 16.8 million (US$2.1 million) related to its stand ready obligation under the guarantee arrangement in 2004 and 2005, respectively. The amount recognized during the year ended December 31, 2004 and 2005 includes premium received or receivable, which is amortized on a straight line basis over the terms of the guarantees, of Rmb 0.2 million and Rmb 4.5 million (US$0.6 million), respectively. The amount of premium being amortized, which were recorded as revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2004 and 2005 were amounted to Rmb 0.01 million and Rmb 1.2 million (US$0.1 million), respectively. The remaining balance of Rmb 12.3 million (US$1.5 million) as of December 31, 2005 represents the provision for loss contingency related to the guarantees where payment by the Company was probable.

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Outstanding bills discounted
     As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, outstanding bills discounted with banks for which the Company has retained a recourse obligation totaled Rmb 1,117.8 million and Rmb 1,373.7 million (US$170.2 million), respectively.
Outstanding letter of credits
     As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, the Company2007, Yuchai had issued irrevocable letter of credits of Rmb 165.934.8 million and Rmb 110.382.1 million (US$13.712.0 million), respectively.
     As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, outstanding bills receivable discounted with banks for which Yuchai had retained a recourse obligation totaled Rmb 1,848 million and Rmb 171 million (US$25.0 million), respectively. Management has assessed the fair value of the recourse obligation arising from these discounted bank bills to be immaterial based on the Company’s default experience and the credit status of the issuing banks.
     Except for the above off-balance sheet arrangements the Company hasand off balance sheet exposure of YEGCL as described under “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Critical Accounting Policies — Provision for loss contingency for guarantee granted by YEGCL”, we have no other outstanding derivative financial instruments, off-balance sheet arrangements or guarantees.
Research and Development
See “Item 4. Information on the Company — Research and Development”.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation (“FIN”)SFAS No. 47157
     In March 2005,September 2006, the FASB issued FINSFAS No. 47,157, “Fair Value Measurements”. SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles and expenses disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 does not require any new fair value measurements and eliminates inconsistencies in guidance found in various prior accounting pronouncements. SFAS No. 157 emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement, and states that a fair value measurement should be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. In February 2008, the FASB Staff Position, or FSP, SFAS No. 157-1, “Application of FASB SFAS No. 157 to SFAS No. 13 and its Related Interpretive Accounting Pronouncements That Address Leasing Transactions,” and FSP SFAS No. 157-2, “Effective Date of SFAS No. 157.” FSP SFAS No. 157-1 excludes from the scope of SFAS No.157 certain leasing transactions accounted for under SFAS No. 13, “Accounting for Conditional Asset Retirement Obligations” (“FIN 47”)Leases”. FIN 47 clarifiesFSP SFAS No. 157-2 delays the effective date of SFAS No. 157 from 2008 to 2009 for all non financial assets and non financial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). The provisions of SFAS No. 157 will be applied prospectively to fair value measurements and disclosures for financial assets and financial liabilities and non financial assets and non financial liabilities recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on at least an entity must recordannual basis beginning in the first quarter of 2008. Management does not believe the adoption of SFAS No. 157 will have a liabilitymaterial impact on the consolidated financial statements at this time and will monitor any additional implementation guidance that may be issued.
SFAS No. 159
     In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “Fair Value Option for a “conditional” asset retirement obligation ifFinancial Assets and Financial Liabilities”. Under SFAS No. 159, entities will be permitted to measure various financial instruments and certain other assets and liabilities at fair value on an instrument-by-instrument basis (the fair value option). SFAS No. 159 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. We have elected not to adopt the fair value option for the eligible items as of the obligation can be reasonably estimated. The types of asset retirement obligations that are covered by this interpretation are those for which an entity has a legal obligation to perform an asset retirement activity, however the timing and (or) method of settling the obligation are conditional on a future event that may or may not be within the control of the entity. FIN 47 also clarifies when an entity would have sufficient information to reasonably estimate the fair value of an asset retirement obligation. FIN 47 is effective no later than the end of fiscal years ended after December 15, 2005. The initial adoption of FIN 47 did not have an impact on the Company’s financial condition and consolidated statements of income.January 1, 2008.
FINEITF Issue No. 4807-3
     In June 2005,2007, the FASB issued FINratified EITF Issue No. 48, “Accounting07-3,Accounting for UncertaintyNonrefundable Advance Payment for Goods or Services Received for Use in Income Taxes” (“FIN 48”)Future Research and Development Activities. FIN 48 clarifiesThe EITF requires non-refundable advance payments to acquire goods or pay for services that will be consumed or performed in a future period in conducting R&D activities should be recorded as an asset and recognized as an expense when the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in the Company’s financial statements in accordance with SFAS No. 109. FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attributes for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expectedR&D activities are performed. The EITF is to be taken in a tax return. The provisions of FIN 48 are effective for the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the provisions of FIN 48applied prospectively to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) 04-13
     In September 2005, the EITF issued EITF 04-13, “Accounting for Purchases and Sales of Inventory with the Same Counterparty”. EITF 04-13 provides guidance as to when purchases and sales of inventory with the same counterparty should be accounted for as a single exchange transaction. EITF 04-13 also provides guidance as to when a nonmonetary exchange of inventory should be accounted for at fair value. EITF 04-13 will be applied to new contractual arrangements entered into and modifications or renewals of existing arrangements beginning in the first interim or annual reporting beginning after March 15, 2006.fiscal 2009. We currently recognize our non-refundable advanced payments, if any, as an expense upon payment. The applicationadoption of EITF 04-1307-3 is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
SFAS No. 151
     In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 151, “Inventory Costs”, which clarifies the accounting for abnormal amounts of idle facility expense, freight, handling costs, and wasted material (spoilage). Under this statement, such items will be recognized as current-period charges. In addition, the statement requires that allocation of fixed production overheads to the costs of conversion be based on the normal capacity of the production facilities. This statement will be effective for the Company for inventory costs incurred on or after January 1, 2006. The initial adoption of this statement will not have a significant effect on the Company’s 2006 consolidatedour financial statements.
SFAS No. 153
     In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 153, “Exchangesposition or results of Nonmonetary Assets”, which eliminates an exception in Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 29, “Accounting for Nonmonetary Transactions”, for recognizing nonmonetary exchanges of similar productive assets at fair value and replaces it with an exception for recognizing exchanges of nonmonetary assets at fair value that do not have commercial substance. This statement will be effective for the Company for nonmonetary asset exchanges occurring on or after January 1, 2006. The adoption of this statement will not have a significant effect on the Company’s 2006 consolidated financial statements.
SFAS No. 155
     In February 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 155, “Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments — an amendment of FASB Statements No. 133 and 140”. This statement amends SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”, and SFAS No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities”. This statement resolves issues addressed in SFAS No 133 Implementation and Issue No. D1, “Application of Statement 133 to Beneficial Interests in Securitized Financial Assets”. This statement will be effective for the fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2006. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the statement to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
SFAS No. 156
     In March 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 156, “Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets — an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140”. This statement amends SFAS No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities”, with respect to the accounting for separately recognized servicing assets and servicing liabilities. The statement requires an entity to recognize a servicing asset or servicing liability each time it undertakes an obligation to service a financial asset by entering into a servicing contract in certain situations and requires all separately recognized servicing assets and servicing liabilities to be initially measured at fair value, if practicable. The statement also provides guidelines to classification, disclosure and subsequent measurement of servicing assets and servicing liabilities. This statement will be effective for the fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2006. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the statement to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.operations.

4048


SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004)141
     In December 2004,2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123141 (revised 2004)2007), “Share-Based Payment”,or SFAS No. 141R, “Business Combination” which addressesreplaces FAS Statement No. 141. SFAS No. 141R establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer recognizes and measures in its financial statements the accounting for transactionsidentifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, any non controlling interest in the acquiree and the goodwill acquired. The statement also establishes disclosure requirements which an entity exchanges its equity instruments for goods or services, with a primary focus on transactions in which an entity obtains employee services in share-based payment transactions.will enable users to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combination. This statement is a revision toeffective as of the beginning of an entity’s first fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2008. The impact of the adoption of SFAS No. 123141R on our consolidated financial position and supersedes APB Opinionconsolidated results of operations is dependent upon the specific terms of any applicable future business combinations.
SFAS No. 25, “Accounting160
     In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Non Controlling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements-Amendments of ARB No. 51”. SFAS No. 160 states that accounting and reporting for Stock Issued to Employees”,minority interests will be re-characterized as non controlling interests and its related implementation guidance. Thisclassified as a component of equity. The statement will require measurementalso establishes reporting requirements that provide sufficient disclosures that clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the cost of employee services received in exchange for stock compensation based onparent and the grant-date fair valueinterests of the employee stock options. Incremental compensation costs arising from subsequent modifications of awards after the grant date must be recognized. The Companynon controlling owners. FAS No. 160 applies to all entities that prepare consolidated financial statements, except not-for-profit organizations, but will affect only those entities that have an outstanding non controlling interest in one or more subsidiaries or that deconsolidate a subsidiary. We are required to adopt this statement on January 1, 2006 underin the modified prospective methodfirst quarter of application. Under that method,fiscal year 2009 and management is currently assessing the Company will recognize compensation costs for new grantsimpact of share-based awards, awards modified after the effect date, and the remaining portion of the fair value of the unvested awards at the adoption date. The initialadopting SFAS No. 160. Earlier adoption of this statement willis prohibited. This statement shall be applied prospectively as of the beginning of the fiscal year in which this statement is initially applied, except for the presentation and disclosure requirements. The presentation and disclosure requirements shall be applied retrospectively for all periods presented. Management is presently evaluating the impact of the newly required disclosures.
SFAS No. 161
     In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”. This statement requires enhanced disclosures about an entity’s derivative and hedging activities and thereby improves the transparency of financial reporting. This statement applies to all entities and is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008, with early application encouraged. The Company intends to provide the additional disclosures under this statement in fiscal 2009 if it applies.
FSP EITF 03-6-1
     In June 2008, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued FASB Staff Position no. EITF 03-6-1, “Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions Are Participating Securities” (FSP EITF 03-6-1). FSP EITF 03-6-1 clarifies whether instruments granted in share-based payment transactions should be included in the computation of EPS using the two-class method prior to vesting. We are in the process of analyzing the impact of FSP EITF 03-6-1, which is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. We do not expect the initial adoption of FSP EITF 03-6-1 to have any effecta material impact on the Company’s 2006our 2009 consolidated financial statements.
Research and Development
ITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES.
Directors and Executive Officers of the Company
     The Company has committed substantial resources to continually improveOur Articles of Association require that our Board of Directors shall consist of eleven members so long as the technology of its products. The Company’s internal development effort focuses primarily on improving manufacturing processes and adapting foreign technology to the Chinese market. In addition, the Company plans to continue to acquire advanced technology from Chinese research institutes, foreign engine design consulting firms and foreign diesel engine and engine parts manufacturers.Special Share is outstanding. As of December 31, 2005, the Company employed over 1,445 engineers, approximately 267 of whom were devoted to research and development, product enhancement and new designs. In 2003, 2004 and 2005, the Company spent approximately Rmb 94.6 million, Rmb 137.0 million and Rmb 123.9 million (US$15.4 million), respectively, on research and development. The Company believes that it has been able to control to some extent the increase of research and development expenses due to the relatively low salary levels of engineers in China.
ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES.
Directors and Senior Management of the Company
     The Board of Directors of the Company shall consist of up to eleven members. Currently,2008, there are nineeight members elected to and serving on the Company’sour Board of Directors, with twothree vacancies. Pursuant to the rights afforded to the holder of the Company’s Special Share, HLAspecial share, Hong Leong Asia has designated Messrs. Teo Tong Kooi, Gan Khai Choon Gao Jia Lin,and Kwek Leng Peck Wong Hong Ren and Philip Ting Sii Tien as its directors.nominees. Messrs. Yan Ping and Zhang Shi Yong are nominees of Coomber Investments Limited. Our directors are appointed or elected, except in the case of casual vacancy, at the annual general meeting or at any special general meeting of shareholders and hold office until the next annual general meeting of shareholders or until their successors are appointed or their office is otherwise vacated.

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     TheOur directors and executive officers of the Company as of June 30, 2006 are identified below.
     
    Year First Elected oror
    Appointed Director
Name Position or Officer
TEO Tong Kooi(1)(2) (5)
 President and Director 2004
GAO Jia Lin(1)
Vice President and Director1995
GAN Khai ChoonDirector1995
Raymond C. K. HO(1)(2)(3)(4)(6) (5)
 Director 20041995
KWEK Leng Peck(1)(3)
 Director 1994
NEO Poh Kiat(2)(1)(3)
Director    2005(5)
TAN Aik-Leang(1)(2)(4)
 Director 2005(5)
Philip TING Sii Tien(1)
Director and Chief Financial Officer1994
WONG Hong RenTAN Aik-Leang(1)(4)
 Director 19942005
Sheila MURUGASU
Matthew RICHARDS(3)(4)
Director2006
YAN Ping(1)
Director2007
ZHANG Shi Yong(1)
Director2007
Year First Elected or
Appointed Director
NamePositionor Officer
TAN Wan Hong(1) (6)
Chief Operating Officer2008
HOH Weng MingChief Financial Officer2008
FOO Shing Mei Deborah General Counsel 20032007
Ira Stuart OUTERBRIDGE III Secretary 2001
 
Mr. Gao Jia Lin resigned as a director and Vice- President of the Company on November 21, 2008 and as a director of Yuchai on November 20, 2008.
(1) Also a directorDirector of Yuchai.
 
(2) MemberAlso a Director of the Audit Committee.TCL.
 
(3) Member of the Compensation Committee.
 
(4) Member of the SpecialAudit Committee.
 
(5) Appointed as director in 2005.Also a Director of HLGE.
 
(6) Mr. Ho has notified the Company that he will not be seeking re-election at the Company’s forthcoming annual general meeting of shareholders.Redesignated from Group General Manager to Chief Operating Officer with effect from November 21, 2008.
     Mr. Teo Tong Kooi is the President of the Company and a Director of Yuchai.the Company. He is also a Director and Chief Executive Officer of HLAHong Leong Asia as well as a Director of TCL, Henan Xinfei Electric Group and various building materials companies within the Hong Leong Group Singapore.China, Yuchai, HLGE, TCL and Isyoda Corporation Berhad. He is also an Executive Director of Malaysia listed Tasek Corporation Berhad, whichwhere he previously he held the position of the Managing Director. Mr. Teo holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Marketing Management and a Master of Business Administration (both from Golden Gate University, San Francisco, California, USA). He has also completed the Executive Management ProgrammeProgram at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business and has 19 yearsa wealth of corporate and commercial banking experience with 13many years in senior management positions.
     Mr. Gao Jia Lin is the Vice-Presidentpositions where he was Head of Corporate Banking, Deutsche Bank, Malaysia, and a DirectorChief Operating Officer of the Company and Deputy Chairman and a Director of Yuchai. He has a mechanical engineering degree from Qinghua University, and joined Hong Leong (China) Limited in 1992. He is currently the Senior Vice President of HLA, China Operation.Bank Berhad, Malaysia.
     Mr. Gan Khai Choon is a Director of the Company.Company, Yuchai, Grace Star, Venture Lewis, Venture Delta and Safety Godown Company Limited. He is currentlyalso the joint managing directorChairman of HLGE, an Executive Director of City e-Solutions Limited and Managing Director of Hong Leong International (Hong Kong) Limited. He has extensive experience in the banking, real estate investment and development sectors and has been involved in a number of international projects for the Hong Leong group of companies, which include the management and development of the Grand Hyatt Taipei. He holds a bachelor’sBachelor of Arts degree (economics honors)(Honors) in Economics from the University of Malaya.

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     Mr. Raymond C. K. Ho is a partner of Fred Kan & Co., a Hong Kong based law firm. He has been in private practice as a solicitor since 1983 in Hong Kong, Mainland China and Canada. He has held various public service positions with the Law Society of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Trade Development Council and Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre. He is also currently the Chairman of the Mainland Legal Affairs Committee of the Law Society of Hong Kong. During 2004, Fred Kan & Co. rendered legal advice to the Company in connection with the implementation of the July 2003 Agreement, for which CYI paid approximately US$30,000. The Company’s Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Ho is independent within the meaning of NYSE’s recently adopted corporate governance standards, on the basis that the amount paid for the legal services provided by Fred Kan & Co is not material to either the Company or Fred Kan & Co and that the Company has no other relationship, direct or indirect, which is material with Mr. Ho. Mr. Ho has notified the Company that he will not be seeking re-election at the forthcoming annual general meeting of the Company. Upon conclusion of that meeting, Mr. Ho will cease to be a director of the Company and Yuchai, and will cease to serve on the Company’s Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Special Committee.
     Mr. Kwek Leng Peck is a Director of the Company. Mr. KwekHe is a member of the Kwek family which controls the Hong Leong Group Singapore. Mr. KwekInvestment group. He serves as an Executive Director of HLA,Hong Leong Asia and City e-Solutions Limited. He also sits on the boards of HL Technology, Hong Leong China, Yuchai, City Developments Limited, Hong Leong Finance Limited, Millennium & Copthorne Hotels plc and Tasek Corporation Berhad. He holds a Diploma in Accountancy and has over 25 years ofextensive experience in trading, manufacturing, property investment and development, hotel operations, corporate finance and management. Mr. Kwek holds directorships on the boards of several Hong Leong Group Singapore companies, including HLA, City Developments Limited, HLC, Hong Leong Finance Limited, City e-Solutions Limited and Millennium & Copthorne Hotels plc.
     Mr. Neo Poh Kiat is a Director of the Company.Company and Yuchai. He is a Managing Director of Octagon Advisors (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. and a managing director of Octagon Advisors Pte Ltd,Ltd., a financial advisory firm in Singapore. Between 1976 toand January 2005, he has held senior managerial positions with companies in the Development Bank of Singapore group and United Overseas Bank Ltd, including as Country Officer (China), Head Corporate Banking (Greater China) at United Overseas Bank Ltd. Mr. Neo is currently a director of Octagon AdvisorsSing-Han Management Consulting (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Singapore International School Foundation Ltd (Hong Kong),Limited and Asia Airfreight Terminal Co Ltd. He holds a Bachelor of Commerce degree (Honors) from Nanyang University, Singapore. The Company’sOur Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Neo is independent within the meaning of the NYSE’s recently adopted corporate governance standards, on the basis that the Company has no material relationship with him.

50


     Mr. Tan Aik-Leang is a Director of the Company.Company and Yuchai. He is currently an independent Risk Management Consultantrisk management consultant to banks and otherthe financial services institutions and is based in Hong Kong.industry. Between 1973 and 2001, he has held various senior executive and managerial positions at the Dao Heng Bank Group in Hong Kong, the National Australia Bank Group in Australia and Asia (based in Hong KongKong) and The Bank of Nova Scotia in Canada. Mr. Tan is currently also a Director of the Board of The Risk Management Association, Hong Kong Chapter (headquartered in U.S.A.) andChapter. He is a Fellow member of the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants, CPA Australia, the Financial Services Institute of Australasia (formerly known as Australasian Institute of Banking and FinanceFinance) and the Institute of Canadian Bankers. The Company’sOur Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Tan is independent within the meaning of the NYSE’s recently adopted corporate governance standards, on the basis that the Company has no material relationship with him.
     Mr. Philip Ting Sii TienMatthew Richards is a Director of the Company. Mr. Richards is the General Counsel and a Director of Principia Management Pte Ltd., which provides advisory and management services related to corporate finance transactions and private equity investments. Previously, Mr. Richards was in private practice in Singapore as an international lawyer between 1999 and 2007, having worked on a variety of capital markets, mergers and acquisitions and other corporate finance transactions throughout the Asian region, particularly in Indonesia and India. From 2003 to mid 2006, Mr. Richards was an attorney at Latham & Watkins LLP, the international law firm advising the Company on US law matters. Mr. Richards holds a Graduate Diploma in Legal Practice, Bachelor of Laws and Bachelor of Asian Studies from the Australian National University. Our Board of Directors has beendetermined that Mr. Richards is independent within the Chief Financial Officermeaning of the NYSE’s corporate governance standards, on the basis that the Company has no material relationship with Mr. Richards.
     Mr. Yan Ping is a Director of the Company and the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Yuchai. Mr. Yan is also the Chairman of the State Holding Company, Yuchai Machinery Co., Ltd and Yuchai Marketing Company since 1994October 2005. The State Holding Company which is owned by the City Government of Yulin in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China is a 22.1 % shareholder in Yuchai. Prior to becoming Chairman of the State Holding Company, Mr. Yan held various China-government related positions, including most recently as Deputy Secretary-General, Yulin Municipal Government, as Director, Yulin Municipal Development and becameReform Commission and as Deputy General Manager of Guangzhou-Shenzhen Railway Company, Ltd. Mr. Yan holds a Bachelor of Engineering degree from Dalian Railway College and a Master of Economics degree from the East-North Financial and Economic University.
     Mr. Zhang Shi Yong is a Director in February 2004.of the Company. He is also an alternate director to Mr. Teo Tong Kooithe Company Secretary of Yuchai and has been a Director of Yuchai since April 12, 2007. He also sits on the Boardboards of TCL.the State Holding Company, Coomber and Goldman. Mr. Zhang was a director of City Construction Investment Company of Yulin. He holds a Bachelor of Traffic and Transportation degree from Xinan Jiaotong University and a Master of Business Administration degree from the Tsing Hua University.
     Mr. Tan Wan Hong was appointed Group General Manager of the Company with effect from February 1, 2008 and redesignated as Chief FinancialOperating Officer on November 21, 2008. He is also a Director of HLC in 1994. In 2001, he became the Group Chief Financial Officer for the HLA group of companies. Prior to joining the Hong Leong Group Singapore,Yuchai with effect from 1993 to 1994,March 28, 2008. Mr. Ting served as Regional Controller of Quantum Asia Pacific, Singapore, a leading disk drive manufacturer. Mr. Ting served as Regional Controller of Black & Decker Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd. (Singapore) from 1990 to 1993 and as Controller of Deutsche Bank (Singapore) from 1987 to 1989. Mr. Ting is an Associate Member ofTan was qualified with the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England & Wales in 1980 and Wales.has extensive working experience in China.
     Mr. Wong Hong Ren has been a DirectorHoh Weng Ming was appointed Chief Financial Officer of the Company since 1994.with effect from May 1, 2008. He hasis also been a Director of Yuchai since 1993. He is alsowith effect from December 26, 2008. Prior to re-joining the ChairmanCompany, Mr. Hoh was the Group Controller of LKN andthe Industrial Product Group division for Hong Kong-listed, Johnson Electric Industrial Manufactory Limited, a Director of TCL. Since 1988,leading industrial electric motor producer. Before Johnson Electric, he has served as Group Investment Managerwas the Financial Controller for two of Hong Leong Management Services Pte.Asia’s subsidiaries, namely Henan Xinfei Electric Co., Ltd. from 2003 to 2005 and the Company from 2002 to 2003. Mr. Hoh has a Bachelor of Commerce degree majoring in Singapore. Prior to his joiningAccountancy from the University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand and an M.B.A. degree from Massey University, New Zealand. He is a Chartered Accountant in New Zealand and Malaysia and a Fellow Member of the Hong Leong Group in January 1988, Mr. Wong was Director and General Manager (Investment and Property)Kong Institute of Haw Par Brothers International Ltd. and Director of Investment with Royal Trust Asset Management Pte. Ltd. and First Capital Corporation Ltd., where he was actively involved in management of the companies’ funds in international equities.Certified Public Accountants.
     Ms. Sheila Murugasu isFoo Shing Mei Deborah was appointed the GroupGeneral Counsel of the Company.Company with effect from December 10, 2007. Ms. MurugasuFoo has beenmore than 10 years’ of commercial and corporate experience gained from various in-house positions in Singapore and Hong Kong. Prior to joining the Company, she held the positions of Vice President of Group Legal Counsel forand Company Secretary at Nasdaq listed Pacific Internet Limited. She holds a BA (Hons) in Law and History from the HLA groupUniversity of companies since 1996. Ms. MurugasuKeele, UK and a Masters of Law degree in Commercial and Corporate law from the University of London, UK. She is a qualified Singapore lawyer,Barrister-at-Law (Middle Temple) and prior to joining HLA, was in private legal practiceis admitted as an Advocate and Solicitor in Singapore.
     Mr. Ira Stuart Outerbridge III is the Secretary of the Company. Mr. OuterbridgeHe is a graduate of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and is a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators. He joined Codan Services Limited as a Corporate Manager insince February 1996.

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Audit Committee
     The members of the Audit Committee are Messrs. Tan Aik-Leang (Chairman), Raymond C. K. Ho and Neo Poh Kiat.Kiat and Matthew Richards. The Audit Committee oversees the actionsperformance of the Company’sour internal audit function and our independent public accountantsaccountants. It also reviews our quarterly financial statements and reviews the Company’seffectiveness of our financial reporting process and material internal accounting procedures.controls including financial, operational and compliance controls. The Board has designated Mr. Tan Aik-Leang as the Company’sour Audit Committee Financial Expert. However, Mr. Ho has notified the Company that he will not be seeking re-election at the forthcoming annual general meeting of the Company. The Company is currently searching for a replacement independent director, and until such person is appointed, the Company’s Audit Committee will consist of only two independent members.
Compensation Committee
     The members of the Compensation Committee are Messrs. Kwek Leng Peck (Chairman), Raymond C.K. Ho and Neo Poh Kiat.Kiat and Matthew Richards. The Compensation Committee reviews andour general compensation structure as well as reviews, recommends or approves executive appointments and remuneration, subject to ratification by our Board of Directors and administerssupervise the Company’sadministration of our employee benefit plans, including the Company’s stock option plans, if any. See also “— Share Ownership — Stock Option Plan”.
Special Committee
     The members of the Special Committee are Messrs. Wong Hong Ren (Chairman), Raymond C. K. Ho and Tan Aik-Leang. The Special Committee was established in 2003 in response to the difficulties which the Company faced with respect to its investment in Yuchai, and is not a permanent committee of the Company’s Board of Directors. Steps taken by the Special Committee included instituting legal and arbitration proceedings against the Chinese shareholders of Yuchai in May 2003, and subsequently discontinuing these proceedings following the execution of the July 2003 Agreement. The Special Committee’s mandate has subsequently been further expanded to address issues relating to the implementation of the July 2003 Agreement and the Reorganization Agreement, including the business expansion and diversification plans, as well as to review and resolve any difficulties which CYI may experience in obtaining the cooperation of the Chinese shareholders of Yuchai in the management and operation of Yuchai, including if necessary the commencement of litigation and/or arbitration. See also “Item 8. Financial Information — Legal Proceedings”.
Directors and Executive Officers of Yuchai
     TheAccording to Yuchai’s Articles of Association, the Board of Directors of Yuchai consistsmay consist of thirteenup to 13 members. Currently, there are thirteen12 members elected to and serving on Yuchai’s Board of Directors. Yuchai’s Articles of Association entitle the Companyus (as the indirect holder of the Foreign Shares), through our six wholly-owned subsidiaries, to designate nine directorsDirectors and entitle the Chinese shareholders to designate four directors.Directors. These nomination rights were acknowledged and confirmed by Yuchai as part of the terms of the Reorganization Agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the Reorganization Agreement, Yuchai’s board of directors has been reconstituted with the Company entitled to elect nine of Yuchai’s 13 directors, again reaffirming the Company’s right to effect all major decisions relating to Yuchai. Pursuant to and subject to the conditions in the Shareholders Agreement described under “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions”,Transactions — Related Party Transactions,” and by virtue of the Special Share, HLAspecial share, Hong Leong Asia is entitled to designate sixfive of the nine Yuchai directorsDirectors designated by the Company. The Company has designated Messrs. Gao Jia Lin, Teo Tong Kooi, Raymond C. K. Ho, Kwek Leng Peck, Tan Aik-Leang, Philip Ting Sii Tien, Wong Hong Ren, Qin Xiao Cong and Yuan Xu Cheng as Yuchai’s directors.us.
     Pursuant to the Shareholders Agreement and theour Bye-laws, of the Company, the Yuchai directorsDirectors designated by the Companyus will vote as a block in accordance with the vote of the majority of such directors.Directors. As part of the terms of the Reorganization Agreement, Yuchai affirmed theour continued rights, of the Company, as Yuchai’s majority shareholder, to direct the management and policies of Yuchai through Yuchai’s boardBoard of directors.
Directors. The directors and executive officers of Yuchai as of June 30, 2006December 31, 2008 are identified below.
     
    Year First Elected or
    Appointed Director
Name Position Position or Officer
YAN Ping(1)
 Chairman of the Board of Directors 2005
GAO Jia LinTAN Wan Hong(1)(5) (6)
 Deputy Chairman of the Board of Directorsand Director 19952008
LI TianshengDirector and General Manager2001
Raymond C.K. HOGAN Khai Choon(1)(2) (4)
 Director 2004
LI TianshengGeneral Manager and Director20012007
KWEK Leng Peck(1)
 Director 2005
NEO Poh Kiat(1) (5)
Director2008
TAN Aik-Leang(1)
 Director 2005
TEO Tong Kooi(1)(2)(4)
 Director 2004
TING Sii Tien, Philip(1)
HOH Weng Ming*
 Director 2004
QIN Xiao CongDirector2003
SHAO QihuiDirector2003

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Year First Elected or
Appointed Director
NamePositionPosition or Officer
WONG Hong Ren(1)
Director19932008
YUAN Xu ChengXucheng Director 2003
GU Tangsheng Assistant to Chairman and Director 2005
GONG Hai
ZHANG Shi Yong(1) (3)
 Deputy General ManagerDirector and Secretary 20062005
LIM Poh LeaZENG Shi QiangAssistant Director1999
KEAN Alex(6)
Chief Business Official2008
TAY Hui Boon Kelly(6)
 Financial Controller 2004
SHEN JieChief Engineer20022008
WU Qiwei Deputy General Manager 2006
YANG WeizhongYAN JieDeputy General Manager2003
LI Cheng JieDeputy General Manager2007
QIN Xiaohong Chief Accountant 19922007
SHEN JieGeneral Engineer2002
*Mr. GAO Jia Lin resigned as a director of Yuchai on November 20, 2008.
*Mr. HOH Weng Ming’s appointment as a director took effect on December 26, 2008.

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(1) Also a Director of the Company.
 
(2) Mr. Ho has advised Yuchai that he will resign asAlso a directorDirector of TCL.
(3)Appointed a Director of Yuchai concurrent with his resignation assince April 12, 2007.
(4)Also a directorDirector of HLGE.
(5)Appointed a Director of Yuchai since March 28, 2008.
(6)Secondees of the Company, whose salaries and expenses are paid by the Company.
     For information about Messrs. Gao Jia Lin,Gan Khai Choon, Neo Poh Kiat, Tan Wan Hong, Teo Tong Kooi, Raymond C.K. Ho, Wong Hong Ren, Philip Ting Sii Tien, Kwek Leng Peck, and Tan Aik-Leang, Yan Ping and Zhang Shi Yong and Hoh Weng Ming, see “— Directors and Senior Management of the Company”.Company.” For additional information regarding Mr. Wang Jianming’s employment status with Yuchai, see “— Compensation — Yuchai” and “Item 8. Financial Information — Legal Proceedings”.
     Mr. Yan Ping is the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Yuchai. Mr. Yan Ping has been the Chairman of the State Holding Company since May 2005. The State Holding Company owns 22.1% of the shares of Yuchai, and is owned by the Yulin City Government. Prior to becoming Chairman of the State Holding Company, Mr. Yan Ping held various government related position, including most recently as Deputy Secretary-General, Yulin Municipal Government and as Director, Yulin Municipal Development and Reform Commission. Mr. Yan Ping holds a Bachelor of Engineering degree from Dalian Railway College and a Master of Economics degree from the East-North Financial University.Proceedings.”
     Mr. Li Tiansheng is a Director and Deputy General Manager of Yuchai. He previously served as the principal coordinator for liaison with Chinese government agencies, banks and tax department. Mr. Li holds a Bachelor’s degree (foundry) from Guangxi University.
     Mr. Qin Xiao CongYuan Xucheng is a director of Yuchai and Coomber Investments Limited. He also serves as a director and General Manager of Zhonglin Development Company Limited.
     Mr. Shao Qihui is an independent directorDirector of Yuchai. He previously served as the Minister of Machinery Industry Ministry. He is the Honorary President of China Machinery Association.
     Mr. Yuan Xu Cheng is a director of Yuchai. He previously served as the directorDirector and Assistant General Manager of Guijiang Enterprise Co. Mr. Yuan holds a Master of Economics degree.
     Mr. Gu Tangsheng is a Director of Yuchai and Assistant to the Chairman of the State Holding Company. He holds a PhD in physics from Zhongshan University.
     Mr. Gong Hai servesZeng Shi Qiang has been an Assistant Director of Yuchai since May 1999. Mr. Zeng holds a Master’s degree (Business Management) from Chinese Science and Technology University.
     Mr. Kean Alex is the Vice-President, Business Improvement & Strategy of the Company. He has been assigned by us to assist Yuchai in its management and operations and was appointed as Chief Business Official by the Yuchai Board with effect from October 21, 2008. He holds a PhD in computer science from the University of British Columbia and has many years working experience in China.
     Ms. Tay Hui Boon Kelly is the Financial Controller of the Company. She has been assigned by us to assist Yuchai in its financial accounting, reporting and compliance with local and statutory requirements, and the implementation of financial policies, procedures, financial budgeting and review of investments. Ms. Tay holds a Bachelor Degree in Accounting and Financial & Information Management from the University of Sheffield, United Kingdom. She has more than 8 years of experience in management costing and accounting and gained substantial experience from working in various parts of China.
     Mr. Wu Qiwei is the Deputy General Manager of Yuchai and is in charge of partssales and supplies. Mr. Gong ismarketing. He holds a graduateBachelor’s degree (Inter-Combustion Engine, Vehicle and Mechanical Engineering) from Sichuan Science and Technology University majoring in foundry science andHunan University. He had also completed his MBA program from the Huazhong University of Science and Technology.
     Mr. Lim Poh LeaYan Jie is the Financial Controller assigned by the Company to assistDeputy General Manager of Yuchai and is in the financial administration, budgeting and planning of Yuchai’s financial matters. Mr. Lim is a financial controller employed by the Company. Mr. Lim is a Fellowcharge of the Associationmanufacturing department. Until August 2003, Mr. Yan was the Deputy General Manager of Chartered Certified Accountants, United Kingdomthe Yuchai group. He holds a Master’s degree (Political Economy) from Guangxi University.
     Mr. Li Cheng Jie is the Deputy General Manager of Yuchai since 2004. He holds a Master’s degree (Philosophy of Science and Technology).
     Miss Qin Xiaohong joined Yuchai in 1990 and became the Chief Accountant in July 2007. She holds a Certified Public Accountant of Singapore.Bachelor’s degree in Auditing from Nanjing Auditing Institute.
     Mr. Shen Jie is the ChiefGeneral Engineer of Yuchai and is responsible for all matters relating to engine design, testing and quality control. He joined Yuchai over 20 years ago as an engineer.a technician in the assembly workshop of Yuchai. He holds a Master’s degree (Inter-Combustion Engine) from Jilin Industrial University.
     Mr. Wu Quwei is the Deputy General Manager and is in charge of sales and marketing. Mr. Wu graduated from Hunan University majoring in internal-combustion engine, vehicle and mechanical engineering. Mr. Wu had also completed his MBA program from the Huazhong University of Science and Technology.Yuchai
     Mr. Yang Weizhong joined Yuchai in 1969. He has been the Chief Accountant since 1993. Prior thereto, he served as Assistant Chief of Yuchai’s Finance Division.

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     Pursuant to Yuchai’s Articles of Association, Yuchai’s shareholders have authority over all matters of importance relating to Yuchai, including:including (i) the review and approval of reports submitted by the Board of Directors of Yuchai; (ii) the approval of Yuchai’s plans for distribution of profits and recovery of losses; (iii) the approval of Yuchai’s annual capital, and operating budget and year-end financial statements of final accounts, balance sheet, profit and loss statements and other accounting statements; (iv) the issuance of new common shares or other securities, the increase inexpansion of the scope of any subscription of shares, the conversion of Yuchai from a company with privately placed shares into a company with publicly offered shares, and the transfer procedures for Yuchai’s share certificates; (v) the nomination, election, dismissal and compensation of members of the Board of Directors; and (vi) significant sales or purchases of assets, or any division, merger, acquisition, termination, liquidation or other major corporate action of Yuchai. YuchaiYuchai; (vii) amendment to Yuchai’s Articles of Association; (viii) motions presented by shareholders holding 10% or more of the outstanding shares of Yuchai; and (ix) other matters required to be resolved by the shareholders’ meeting. Yuchai’s shareholders are entitled to preemptive rights to subscribe pro rata in accordance with their ownership percentage for any new Yuchai shares or other equity interests offered by Yuchai at a price and on terms at least equivalent to those offered to new subscribers.

53


     Yuchai’s Board of Directors reports directly to the shareholders of Yuchai and is the principal executive authority responsible for major decisions relating to Yuchai, including:mainly including (i) the execution of resolutions adopted by the shareholders; (ii) the formulation and review of Yuchai’s development plans; (iii) the review of and decision on Yuchai’s annual business plans; (iv) the review of Yuchai’s financial budget, final accounts, dividend distribution plan, plans for issuances of Yuchai Sharesshares and plans for merger, division and transfer of assets; (v) to fill vacancies on the electionBoard provided the selected replacement is nominated by and dismissal ofrepresents the Chief Executive Officer;same shareholders as his or her predecessor; (vi) the adoption of various corporate policies and rules; (vii) the appointment and dismissal of senior executive officers as recommended by the Chief Executive Officer; (viii)Officer and their dismissals and the appointment of senior advisers to the Board; (viii ) major external matters; (ix) sales, purchases, transfers and leases of material assets with a value in excess of US$3 million and which are not contemplated in Yuchai’s approved budgets; and (x) any other matters that may be determined by the Board of Directors in accordance with Yuchai’s Articles of Association.
     In order to further strengthen itsour level of corporate governance, the Company haswe have continued to seek to cause Yuchai to adopt comprehensive corporate governance guidelines which seek to put procedures in place to improve the management and corporate governance of Yuchai. Pursuant to the Reorganization Agreement, as amended, Yuchai has agreed to implement theThe 2007 version of corporate governance guidelines which had beenof Yuchai were approved and adopted by Yuchai’s Board of Directors and shareholders’ meeting on July 27, 2007 and August 16, 2007, respectively. The corporate governance guidelines and practices adopted by Yuchai continue to be fine-tuned on an ongoing basis such that Yuchai follows international best practices and which are in November 2002 but which had subsequently notline with the Company Law in the PRC. Various board committees (inter alia, an Audit Sub-Committee, a Remunerations Sub-Committee, a Nominations Sub-Committee and a Financial Sub-Committee) have been submittedestablished and are currently functioning in accordance with their charters. The Financial Sub-Committee is responsible for reviewing the necessity and feasibility of new projects and making recommendations to Yuchai’s board of directors. Yuchai has provided access to the relevant Chinese governmental authorities for approval.Company’s independent auditors. We provide certain management, financial planning and other services to Yuchai has advised the Company that such submission has now been made, and that other steps are currently being taken by Yuchaihave designated six persons in key management positions to putwork full-time at Yuchai’s principal manufacturing facilities in place an appropriate corporate governance structure conforming to international custom and practice at Yuchai.Yulin City as part of Yuchai’s day-to-day management team.
     The Company is also required to comply with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Section 404 of that Act requires the Company’s management to file an internal control report which states that it is management’s responsibility to establish and maintain an adequate internal control structure and procedures and financial reporting. Management also needs to assess the effectiveness of the internal control structure and procedures for financial reporting. External auditors will be engaged to attest to management’s assertion on the internal control report for the financial year ending December 31, 2006. In November 2005, the Company employed an internal control specialist to head the Company’s Section 404 implementation project. The Company has also engaged PricewaterhouseCoopers Singapore as the technical consultants for the project. Section 404 attestation work by external auditors is expected to commence in August 2006.
     Pursuant to Yuchai’s Articles of Association, the Board of Directors of Yuchai consistsshall consist of 13 directors appointed for three-year terms.terms pursuant to Yuchai’s current Articles of Association. So long as the present ratio of Foreign Shares to the total number of State Shares and Legal Person Shares of Yuchai remains unchanged, a total of nine directors shall be elected from nominees of holders of Foreign Shares and a total of four directors shall be elected from nominees of holders of State Shares and Legal Person Shares. Actions generally may be taken by a majority vote of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present. Attendance of at least sevenfive directors (at least four(three representing holders of Foreign Shares and at least threetwo representing holders of State Shares or Legal Person Shares) constitutes a quorum.
     The Company isWe are entitled under Yuchai’s Articles of Association to elect nine of Yuchai’s 13 directors, thereby entitling itus to effect all major decisions relating to Yuchai. As part of the terms of the Reorganization Agreement and the Cooperation Agreement, Yuchai affirmed theour continued rights, of the Company, as Yuchai’s majority shareholder, to direct the management and policies of Yuchai through Yuchai’s boardBoard of directors.Directors. A two-thirds vote of the outstanding shares at a shareholders’ meeting at which a quorum is present is required for major corporate actions, such as an amendment to Yuchai’s Articles of Association, significant sales or purchases of assets or a division, merger, acquisition or liquidation of Yuchai, or issuances of new common shares or other securities of Yuchai. Attendance of shareholders representing at least two-thirds of the outstanding Yuchai shares constitutes a quorum for shareholder meetings considering such major corporate actions.
     However, although the Company’sour nominees constitute a majority of the Board of Directors of Yuchai, there have, on various occasions in the past, been periods of time when no board meetings have been held, despite Yuchai’s Articles of Association requiring the Board of Directors to meet at least once every six months as well as upon repeated requests by the Company.us. Prior to the execution of the Reorganization Agreement, Yuchai’s Articles of Association contained stringent quorum provisions, which required that, three of the

45


four directors elected by holders of State Shares or Legal Person Shares had to attend, in order for a quorum to be achieved, and as a result Board of Directors meetings to be held. However, subsequent to the execution of the Reorganization Agreement, these quorum requirements have been amended in Yuchai’s new Articles of Association currently pending approval from the Ministry of Commerce, PRC, prior to it coming into effect, to permit a meeting to occur in circumstances in whichproceed without a quorum forpresent after two adjournments of the meeting without a Board of Directors meeting is not met on two occasions prior thereto.quorum present.
     Yuchai’s management consists of a Chairman, a General Manager and several Deputy General Managers, other senior officers designated by the boardits Board of directorsDirectors and one senior managermanagers and officers designated by the Company.us. Yuchai’s management handles daily operations and implements the corporate policies under the direction and guidance of theits Board of Directors of the Company.Directors. In November 2003, Mr. Wang Jianming entered into a new contract of employment with Yuchai, pursuant to which he was appointed as Chief Executive Officer of Yuchai. Mr. Wang Jianming ceased to serve as the chairman, legal representative and chief executive officer of Yuchai, as well as the chairman and legal representative of the State Holding Company, the principal Chinese shareholder of Yuchai with effect from October 28, 2005. The new chairman and legal representative of these companiesYuchai is Mr. Yan Ping whose appointment in Yuchai was confirmed on December 2, 2005.

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     Yuchai’s Board of Directors has established an Investment Review Committee, which is responsible for reviewing the necessity and feasibility of investment projects and making recommendations to the Board of Directors. Although significant investment decisions should be made by a majority vote of the Board of Directors, not all investments undertaken by Yuchai have in the past been submitted to this Committee for approval or have received this or other required corporate approvals. For example, Yuchai’s loan of Rmb 205.0 million to YMLC, Yuchai’s appointment of a consultant to advise on the formation of and Yuchai’s investment in a new logistics business, the consultancy contract of Rmb 60.0 million, and the disbursement of funds to acquire headquarters in Guilin for this new logistics company, each only received the requisite corporate approvals subsequent to their occurrence. See also the formation of YEGCL, described under “Item 4. Information on the Company — Business Overview — Manufacturing”, and the recent loans made by Yuchai, described under “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — Related Party Transactions — Other Transactions”.
     As a general matter, the Company requireswe require access to certain financial books and records of Yuchai so as to be able to monitor itsour investment in Yuchai and to prepare the Company’sour consolidated financial statements. In early 2004, Yuchai management temporarily denied the Companyus such access. In response, the Companywe initiated dialogue with representatives of Yuchai and shortly thereafter agreed with Yuchai management to re-allow the Companyresume allowing us full access to the financial books and records of Yuchai. Moreover, and as disclosed elsewhere in this Annual Report, the Company requireswe require the cooperation of Yuchai and its Chinese shareholders and have from time to time experiencesexperienced certain problems in obtaining such cooperation. In response to such problems, the Companywe entered into dialogue with representatives of Yuchai and its Chinese shareholders and thereafter executed the Reorganization Agreement, which the Company believeswe believe addresses these problems. As part of the terms of the Reorganization Agreement, Yuchai agreed that it would seek the requisite shareholder approval prior to entering into any material transactions (including any agreements or arrangements with parties related to Yuchai or any of its shareholders) and that it would comply with its governance requirements. However, no assurances can be given regarding implementation of the terms of the Reorganization Agreement (seeAgreement. Yuchai has provided access to its independent auditors, and is cooperating with the Company’s eight secondees, including two Sarbanes-Oxley managers, who are all based at Yuchai’s offices in Yulin. See also “Item 3. Key Information — Risk Factors — Risks relating to our company and our business — Our financial condition, results of operations, business and prospects may be adversely affected if we are unable to implement the Reorganization Agreement”).Agreement.”
Compensation
Company
     Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Shareholders Agreement of the Company dated November 9, 1994, Hong Leong Asia is entitled to receive no less than US$500,000 from either Yuchai or the Company for management services as long as Hong Leong Asia remains the controlling shareholder and provided that the services include those of the President and Chief Financial Officer. For 2005, HLA2006 and 2007, Hong Leong Asia charged Yuchai a management fee of US$500,000 per annum for management services including the servicesprovided, namely that of the Company’s President, Viceour President and Chief Financial Officer, eachOfficer. With effect from January 2008, further to a management services agreement entered into between the Company and Yuchai, Yuchai will pay to the Company, instead of whom are employeesHong Leong Asia, management services fee of HLA.US$1,000,000 per annum. Hong Leong Asia has agreed to waive its right to be paid the management fees as set out in the Amended and Restated Shareholders Agreement of November 9, 1994.
     In December 2005, HLA has seconded two senior managers to Yuchai for support services in respect of internal audit and Sarbanes-Oxley Act implementation.
     The Companyfiscal year 2007, we paid an annual service fee for services rendered in 2005 of US$50,000 for all directors (pro-rated accordingly if a director resigns or assumes the position during the year) other than the President and US$30,000 to eachthe Chief Financial Officer of the Company’s independent and non-independent directors, respectively, and US$20,000 to the Company’s Group Counsel. The CompanyCompany. We also paid an annual service fee of US$50,00060,000 and US$30,00040,000 to the Chairman and each of the members of the SpecialAudit Committee, respectively. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions”.Transactions.”
     Our directors and executive officers do not currently own any shares of Common Stock or options to acquire any shares of Common Stock.
Yuchai
     The aggregate amount of compensation paid by Yuchai to all directors and executive officers of Yuchai during 20052007 was approximately Rmb 10.923.95 million (US$1.43.5 million). Yuchai has a management bonus plan for its executive, mid-level and junior officersexecutives, under which annual incentive bonuses in an aggregate amount equalof 3.5% to 5.5% (3.5% for executive officers (allocated as 2.5%

46


for the Chairman and 1.0% for other executive officers) and 2.0% for mid-level and junior officers and employees)10% of Yuchai’s after-tax profit mustwill be paid ifupon Yuchai achievesachieving the required budgeted after-tax profit as approved in the annual budget by Yuchai’s boardBoard of directors or, in the case of certain bonuses, if Yuchai achieves 80.0% of such budgeted after-tax profit. In addition, Yuchai’s officers participate in an incentive pay program which is available to all employees and is based on performance and productivity.Directors.
     There are no benefits provided to the directors of the Company or Yuchai upon their termination of employment.
Employees
     As of December 31, 2005,2007, Yuchai employed approximately 8,8279,171 people nationwide, inclusive of a sales force of 609 employees.worldwide. Yuchai provides its employees with a fixed base salary and a bonus that is determined by the employees’ performance and productivity. Yuchai also provides its employees with housing and meal subsidies and medical insurance. InFor fiscal year 2007, the year endedtotal annual salary and bonus paid to our employees was Rmb 505.0 million (US$73.6 million).approximately Rmb 505.0 million (US$73.9 million).
     As of December 31, 2006, Yuchai employed approximately 7,343 people nationwide.
     As of December 31, 2005, the average annual base salary and bonusYuchai employed approximately 8,827 people nationwide, inclusive of an employee was approximately Rmb 54,677 (US$6,775), a decreasesales force of approximately 6.0% from the previous year. Yuchai has not experienced any strikes or similar significant work stoppages. Yuchai believes that its employee relations are good.609 employees.

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Share Ownership
Stock Option Plan
     The Company had previously adopted a Stock Option Plan (the “Plan”) to award stock options to key employees and outside directors. The Plan was administered by the Compensation Committee. The maximum number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock that could have been purchased pursuant to stock options granted under the Plan was 750,000 shares. The Plan expired in 2004, without any options being granted under the Plan. The Company has no outstanding stock options to purchase any shares of the Company.
ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS.
Major Shareholders
ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS.
Major Shareholders
     The following table sets forth certain information regarding beneficial ownership of the Company’sour shares of Common Stock as of June 30, 2006December 31, 2008 by all persons who are known to the Companyus to own five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding shares of Common Stock.
     Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with rules of the SEC, which generally attribute beneficial ownership of securities to persons who possess sole or shared voting power or investment power with respect to those securities and includes equity shares issuable pursuant to the exercise of stock options or warrants that are immediately exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of JuneApril 30, 2006.2007. These shares are deemed to be outstanding and to be beneficially owned by the person holding those options or warrants for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of that person, but are not treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. Unless otherwise indicated, all information with respect to the beneficial ownership of any principal shareholder has been furnished by such shareholder and, unless otherwise indicated, we believe that persons named in the table have sole voting and sole investment power with respect to all the equity shares shown as beneficially owned. The share numbers and percentages listed below are based on 37,267,673 common shares of Common Stock outstanding as of June 30, 2006.December 31, 2008.
                
Identity of Person or Group Number Percentage (%)  Number Percentage (%)
Hong Leong Asia Ltd.(1)
 7,913,769  21.2%
Hong Leong Asia Ltd(1)
 7,913,769  21.2%
The Yulin City Government(2)
 8,601,550  23.1% 6,709,322  18.0%
Tai Tak Industries Pte Ltd(3)
 1,927,673  5.2% 1,927,673  5.2%
Shah Capital Management(4)
 2,178,000  5.8%
 
(1) Information based upon a report on Schedule 13D jointly filed by HLAHong Leong Asia and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, HLC, HLT,Hong Leong China, HL Technology, Flite Technology Industries Pte Ltd and Lydale Pte Ltd, with the SEC on July 19, 2002, as amended on September 10, 2003, October 7, 2003, October 15, 2003 and December 1, 2003, and other information provided by HLAHong Leong Asia to the Company. Hong Leong Asia is the beneficial owner of and exercises control over the 7,913,769 shares of Common Stock or approximately 21.2% of the total number of shares of Common Stock and the special share held by its wholly-owned subsidiaries, HL Technology and Well Summit Investments Limited. See also”— Related Party Transactions — Shareholders Agreement.” Other than as described under “Item 3. Key Information — Risk Factors — Risks relating to our company and our business — We may experience a change of control as a result of offerings of shares by our controlling shareholders” and “— The Special Share,” we are not aware of any arrangement which may, at a subsequent date, result in a change of control of the Company.
 
(2) Information based on a report on Schedule 13D filed by Coomber, Goldman, Zhong Lin and the State Holding Company, with the SEC on December 16, 2002, as amended on June 23, 2003, July 9, 2003, December 23, 2003, March 15, 2004, February 15, 2005, and April 18, 2005.2005, August 9, 2006 and September 29, 2006. Based on Amendment No. 4 to the Schedule 13D filed by Coomber and others with the SEC on December 23, 2003, Coomber is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Goldman, which is indirectly owned and controlled by Yulin City Municipal Government, or Yulin City Government, in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PRC. Accordingly, the Yulin City Government is the ultimate beneficial owner of the 8,601,5506,709,322 shares of the Company’s Common Stock held of record by Coomber. Coomber has advised the Company of the following information. Coomber has entered into forward sale agreements with a financial institution as a counterparty, with respect to a total of

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1,900,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock. On the respective settlement dates of these forward sales agreements, Coomber will have the option to settle the forward sales by delivery of cash or the Company’s Common Stock. The counterparty may borrow the pledged shares from Coomber in connection with that party’s hedging of its exposure under the forward sale arrangements. Coomber will temporarily cease to have voting rights with respect to any common stock borrowed by the counterparty but will reacquire such voting rights when the counterparty returns the borrowed shares to Coomber. In the event Coomber elects to settle the forward sale agreement or agreements entirely by delivering shares of the Company’s Common Stock, its beneficial ownership of the Company’s Common Stock could, depending on the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock delivered, decrease to 6,701,550 shares, or approximately 18.0% of the Company’s Common Stock, or to 4,601,550 shares, or approximately 12.3% of the Company’s Common Stock, if it sells 2,100,000 shares pursuant to the Company’s prospectus dated March 24, 2004.
 
(3) Information based on a report on Schedule 13G jointly filed by Tai Tak Industries Pte Ltd and its affiliate, Tai Tak Securities Pte Ltd, with the SEC on March 7, 2005 and as amended on June 20, 2005.
(4)Information based on a report on Schedule 13D filed by Shah Capital Management with the SEC on November 24, 2008 and as amended on December 31, 2008.
     HLA exercises control over and is the beneficial owner of 7,913,769 or approximately 21.2% of shares of the Company’s Common Stock through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, HLT and Well Summit Investments Limited. See “ — Related Party Transactions — Shareholders Agreement”. Other than as described under “Item 3. Key Information — Risk Factors — Risks relating to our company and our business — We may experience a change of control as a result of offerings of shares by our controlling shareholders” and “— The Special Share” below, the Company is not aware of any arrangement which may, at a subsequent date, result in a change of control of the Company.
     On June 23, 2003, Coomber, Goldman, Zhong Lin, the State Holding Company and certain individuals filed an amended Schedule 13D reporting beneficial ownership of 8,601,550 shares, or 24.3%, of the Company. This Schedule 13D amended and restated in its entirety the Schedule 13D dated November 13, 2002 and filed December 16, 2002, which reported beneficial ownership by Coomber and Goldman of 8,601,550 shares of the Company (the “Coomber Shares”). This Schedule 13D reports beneficial ownership of the Coomber Shares by (i) Coomber, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Goldman, and the record holder of such 8,601,550 shares of the Company; (ii) Goldman, a company owned by Qin Xiao Cong, Zhu Guoxin and Yuan Xu Cheng, each of whom holds their respective shares in Goldman on trust for the benefit Zhong Lin; (iii) Zhong Lin, a company owned by Qin Xiao Cong and Zhu Guoxin, each of whom holds their respective shares in Zhong Lin on trust for the benefit of the Yulin City Government; and (iv) the State Holding Company, which, acting under the direction of the Yulin City Government, financed Goldman’s purchase of the Coomber Shares from China Everbright in October 2002. Qin Xiao Cong, Zhu Guoxin and Yuan Xu Cheng reported but disclaimed beneficial ownership. This Schedule 13D also reports that the ultimate beneficial owner of the Coomber Shares is the Yulin City Government, and discloses certain financing and control arrangements with respect to the Coomber Shares acquisition, as well as the Yulin City Government’s intentions with respect to the Company. This Schedule 13D was most recently amended on April 18, 2005.
     As of the record date on June 30, 2006,December 31, 2008, there were 22,089,29624,031,969 shares of Common Stock, or 59.3%64% of the total number of shares of Common Stock, held of record by 4231 persons with registered addresses in the United States.
The Special Share
     The Special Sharespecial share entitles the holder thereof to elect a majority of the directors of the Company.our Directors. In addition, no shareholders resolution may be passed without the affirmative vote of the Special Share,special share, including any resolution to amend the Memorandum of Association or Bye-laws of the Company.our Bye-laws. The Special Sharespecial share is not transferable except to HLA, HLCHong Leong Asia, Hong Leong China or any of its affiliates. In 1994, the Companywe issued the Special Sharespecial share to DML,Diesel Machinery, a holding company of the Company then controlled by Hong Leong (China) Limited, or HLC.China. During 2002, following the decision of the shareholders of DMLDiesel Machinery to dissolve DML, DMLDiesel Machinery, Diesel Machinery redeemed all of the redeemable stock issued by it to its shareholders. PerAccording to the DML Shareholders Agreement (defined below), DMLDiesel Machinery shareholders, Diesel Machinery transferred all itsof the shares of the Companyour Common Stock held by it to its shareholders, which included HLCHong Leong China and theirits wholly-owned subsidiaries.

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Because Coomber, an affiliatea wholly-owned subsidiary of China Everbright Holdings, was the shareholder of DMLDiesel Machinery which gave notice of the dissolution of DML,Diesel Machinery, the Special Sharespecial share was transferred from DMLby Diesel Machinery to HLT,HL Technology, an affiliate of HLA,Hong Leong Asia, pursuant to the terms of the DMLDiesel Machinery Shareholders Agreement as amended on January 21, 2002 and on May 17, 2002.described below.
     The Company’sOur Bye-Laws provide that the Special Sharespecial share shall cease to carry any rights in the event that, if HLAHong Leong Asia and its affiliates own the Special Share, HLAspecial share, Hong Leong Asia and its affiliates cease to own, directly or indirectly, at least 7,290,000 shares of Common Stock (or such equivalent number upon a consolidation or subdivision of the shares of Common Stock), or if China Everbright Holdings and its affiliates own the Special Share,special share, China Everbright Holdings and its affiliates cease to own, directly or indirectly, at least 6,570,000 shares of Common Stock (or such equivalent number upon a consolidation or subdivision of the shares of Common Stock). The Bye-Laws also provide for circumstances in which DMLDiesel Machinery holds the Special Share; however, DMLspecial share. However, Diesel Machinery was dissolved in 2002. HLT,2003. HL Technology, an affiliate of HLA,Hong Leong Asia, holds the Special Sharespecial share in addition to 7,831,169 shares of Common Stock, which is greater than the number stipulated in the provisions of the Company’sour Bye-Laws set forth above.

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Related Party Transactions
Shareholders Agreement
     HLC,Hong Leong China, China Everbright Holdings, Cathay Investment Fund Limited, or Cathay, GS Capital Partners L.P., or GSCP, the Sun Yuan Shareholders (1414 shareholders who initially invested in the Companyus through Sun Yuan BVI)BVI, or the Sun Yuan Shareholders, and the Company in 1994 entered into an amended and restated Shareholders Agreement, (the “Shareholders Agreement”) in 1994,or the Shareholders Agreement, which provides for certain matters relating to the management of the Companyour company and Yuchai and the ownership of the Company’sour Common Stock. The Shareholders Agreement provides that theour Board of Directors of the Company will consist of eleven directors, the Controlling Shareholdercontrolling shareholder (as described below) will be entitled to designate six directors, the Major Shareholdermajor shareholder (as described below) will be entitled to designate two directors, and each of Cathay and GSCP will be entitled to designate one director and the Chief Executive Officerchief executive officer of Yuchai will initially be the other director. The Shareholders Agreement also provides that the Controlling Shareholdercontrolling shareholder will be entitled to designate five of the nine Yuchai directors designated bythat we are entitled to designate, the Company, the Major Shareholdermajor shareholder will be entitled to designate two such directors and each of Cathay and GSCP will be entitled to designate one such director. Under the Shareholders Agreement, the nine Yuchai directors designated by the Companyus will vote as a block in accordance with the vote of the majority of such nine directors. The Shareholders Agreement provides that the Controlling Shareholdercontrolling shareholder will be the person holding the Special Share,special share, provided that at all times the Controlling Shareholdercontrolling shareholder will be either HLAHong Leong Asia or China Everbright Holdings, and the other will be the Major Shareholder.major shareholder. Since the Company’sour initial public offering in 1994, HLAHong Leong Asia has been the Controlling Shareholdercontrolling shareholder and China Everbright Holdings has been the Major Shareholder.major shareholder. However, in October 2002, China Everbright Holdings sold all of its shares in the CompanyCoomber to Goldman in October 2002 and is no longer the Major Shareholder of the Company.our major shareholder. The Shareholder Agreement provides that if any shareholder (other than the Controlling Shareholder)controlling shareholder) ceases to own at least 4% of the Company’sour Common Stock, such shareholder shallwill no longer be entitled to designate any directors. Accordingly, China Everbright Holdings no longer has director designation rights. The Shareholders Agreement also provides that, so long as HLAHong Leong Asia is the Controlling Shareholder,controlling shareholder, Yuchai or the Companyus will pay HLAHong Leong Asia an annual management fee of not less than US$500,000 for management services provided by HLA,Hong Leong Asia, including the services of our president and chief financial officer. With effect from January 2008, further to a management services agreement entered into between the Company’s PresidentCompany and Chief Financial Officer.Yuchai, Yuchai will pay to the Company, instead of Hong Leong Asia, management services fee of US$1,000,000 per annum. Hong Leong Asia has agreed to waive its right to be paid the management fees as set out in the Shareholders Agreement. The Shareholders Agreement will terminate upon the occurrence of an event resulting in the Special Sharespecial share ceasing to carry any rights.
     In addition to the Shareholders Agreement, HLA,Hong Leong Asia, China Everbright Holdings and DMLDiesel Machinery had entered into a Subscription and Shareholders Agreement (the “DMLon November 9, 1994, as amended on January 21, 2002 and May 17, 2002, or the Diesel Machinery Shareholders Agreement”),Agreement, which provided for certain matters relating to the management of DML,Diesel Machinery, the Company, and Yuchai and the ownership of DMLDiesel Machinery stock. The DMLDiesel Machinery Shareholders Agreement provided that HLAHong Leong Asia would control DML,Diesel Machinery, provided, however, that if HLAHong Leong Asia and its affiliates ceased to own directly or through DMLDiesel Machinery at least 7,290,000 shares of Common Stock when China Everbright Holdings and its affiliates own directly or through DMLDiesel Machinery at least 6,570,000 shares of Common Stock, China Everbright Holdings would control DML.Diesel Machinery. The DMLDiesel Machinery Shareholders Agreement provided that all rights of the Special Sharespecial share held by DMLDiesel Machinery would be exercised as directed by the shareholder that controls DML.Diesel Machinery. With the dissolution of DMLDiesel Machinery and the sale by China Everbright Holdings of all of its shares in the CompanyCoomber to Goldman in October 2002, the DMLDiesel Machinery Shareholders Agreement no longer directly affects the Company.us.
Registration Rights Agreement
     Pursuant to a registration rights agreement, or the Registration Rights Agreement, (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), the Company haswe have granted two “demand” registration rights to each of HLC,Hong Leong China, China Everbright Holdings, Cathay, GSCP and the Sun Yuan Shareholders, (the “Selling Stockholders”)or collectively the Selling Stockholders, requiring the Company,us, subject to certain conditions, to use itsour best efforts to prepare and file a registration statement on behalf of such shareholdershareholders under the Securities Act, and to use itsour best efforts to qualify the shares for offer and sale under any applicable U.S.US state securities laws. Expenses incurred in connection with one demand registration for each such shareholder will be borne by the Company,us, and the Companywe and Yuchai will be required to indemnify the underwriters in connection with any demand registration. The Registration Rights Agreement also grants each such shareholder certain “piggyback” registration rights entitling each shareholder to sell Common Stock in any registered offerings of our equity securities, of the Company, for theour account of the Company or on behalf of itsour security holders. China Everbright Holdings, Cathay, GSCP and the Sun Yuan shareholdersShareholders are no longer shareholders of the Company.
     Pursuant to the demand registration rights, the Company filed a Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-111106) on Form F-3 (the “Registration Statement”) with the SEC in December 2003, registering an aggregate of 9,931,169our shareholders. In March 2004, HL Technology and Coomber each registered shares of the Company’s Common Stock for offer and sale by the Selling Stockholders from time to time depending on market conditions and other factors,a shelf registration statement on Form F-3 which we filed on their behalf pursuant to a registration rights agreement. The shelf registration statement is currently not effective as we are not eligible to use the Form F-3 as a result of the delay in one or more transactions onour filing the NYSE, inperiodic reports required under the over-the-counter market or otherwise, at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at negotiated prices or at fixed prices.Exchange Act.

4957


Reorganization Agreement and Cooperation Agreement
     On April 7, 2005, the Companywe entered into the Reorganization Agreement with Yuchai and Coomber, which is intended to be in furtherance of the terms of the July 2003 Agreement. On December 2, 2005,November 30, 2006, certain provisions of the Reorganization Agreement were amended, including to extendextending the implementation deadline to December 31, 2006.June 30, 2007.
     On June 30, 2007, we entered into the Cooperation Agreement with Yuchai, Coomber and the State Holding Company, which is intended to be in furtherance of certain terms of the Reorganization Agreement, as amended. The Cooperation Agreement amends certain terms of the Reorganization Agreement, as amended, among CYI, Yuchai and Coomber, and as so amended, incorporates certain terms of the Reorganization Agreement. The Reorganization Agreement was scheduled to terminate on June 30, 2007. See “Item 4. Information on the Company — Recent Developments”.History and Development — Cooperation Agreement.”
Other Transactions
     During each of 2003, 2004fiscal years 2005, 2006 and 2005, HLA2007, Hong Leong Asia charged Yuchai a management fee of US$500,000 per annum for management, financial planning and control and other services, including the services of the Company’s President, Viceour President and Chief Financial Officer, each of whom are employees of HLA. Such charges represent HLA’s estimated direct costs of providing these services.Officer. In December 2005, HLA hasHong Leong Asia seconded two senior managers to Yuchai for support services in respect of internal audit and compliance with Sarbanes-Oxley Act implementation.of 2002. We have designated eight persons in key management positions, including two Sarbanes-Oxley managers, to work full-time at Yuchai’s principal manufacturing facilities in Yulin City as part of Yuchai’s day-to-day management team.
     During each of 2003, 2004fiscal years 2005, 2006 and 2005,2007, the State Holding Company charged Yuchai Rmb 30.625.9 million, Rmb 21.219.8 million and Rmb 25.921.4 million (US$3.23.1 million), respectively, for certain general and administrative expenses on an actuallyactual incurred basis. The Company believesWe believe that the expenses charged to Yuchai by the State Holding Company would not have been materially different on a stand-alone basis because Yuchai could provide these services for itself at approximately the same cost.
     During 2004, Yuchai granted a loanloans of Rmb 205.0205 million to YMLC,YMCL, a subsidiary of Coomber, with an interest rate of 5.58% for one year. The loans granted in 2004 maturedwere guaranteed by Coomber and the State Holding Company as Guarantors. The loans were repaid in 2005 and were subsequently extended to YMLCre-loaned with a maturity date of June 1, 2007 and further extended to May 30, 2008. In July 2007, Yuchai’s Board of Directors agreed in principle to a proposal by the State Holding Company to settle the loans due from YMCL, along with various other accounts receivable from YMCL (collectively, the “receivables”), by forgiving the receivables in exchange for the transfer of 100% of the equity ownership in a hotel in Yulin, PRC and YMCL’s central office building in Guilin, PRC. On December 29, 2006 (see also Note 525, 2007, Yuchai, pursuant to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements appearing elsewhere herein.execution of a share transfer contract with YMCL, Coomber and State Holding Company, acquired all the outstanding share capital of Guangxi Yulin Hotel Company Ltd (“Yulin Hotel Company”) for Rmb 245.6 million. In March 2008, agreements were entered into by Yuchai to effect the repayment of the Rmb 205 million loans against the purchase of 100% equity interest in Yulin Hotel Company for Rmb 245.6 million and offsetting of the balance payable against certain trade receivables due from YMCL, the Guarantors and other related parties. As a result of the acquisition of 100% equity of Yulin Hotel Company, the loan agreements with YMCL have been terminated and the guarantees provided by the Guarantors have been discharged. The acquisition by Yuchai of Yulin Hotel Company was ratified by the Board of Directors of Yuchai and its shareholders subject to the original shareholders of Yulin Hotel Company obtaining approval for the transaction from the regulatory agency in China by November 30, 2008 which was subsequently extended to June 30, 2009 by Yuchai’s Board of Directors and shareholders. If such approval from the provincial government regulatory agency in charge of state-owned assets administration in China was not obtained by June 30, 2009, Yuchai would have had the right to sell to the State Holding Company, who would have been obligated to buy, 100% of the equity interest in Yulin Hotel Company at the original purchase price of Rmb 245.6 million. This condition is contained in a guarantee letter provided by the original shareholders of Yulin Hotel Company. However, on January 13, 2009, Yuchai received approval from the provincial government regulatory agency in charge of state-owned assets administration in China for its acquisition of 100% equity interest in Yulin Hotel Company.
     In January 2006, the Board of Directors authorized the Companyus to pay fees amounting to approximately S$6.15.1 million (approximately $3.8US$3.8 million) to Hong Leong Management Services Pte. Ltd. (an(our affiliate of the Company which provides management and other services to the members of the Hong Leong Group Singapore)Investment group) for work done on behalf of the Company.our behalf. These fees have been reported under SG&A expenses in the Company’sour fiscal year 2005 financial statements. The work entails assisting the Companyus to (a) secure credit facilities from various banks; (b) enter into the Reorganization Agreement dated April 7, 2005 with Yuchai and Coomber;Coomber and (c) implement CYI’sour business expansion and diversification plansplan including the acquisition of debt and equity securities of HLGE and TCL.

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     In February 2007, the Board of Directors authorized us to pay fees amounting to approximately S$1.6 million (approximately US$1.2 million) to Hong Leong Management for work done on our behalf. These fees have been reported under SG&A expenses in our fiscal year 2006 financial statements. This work related to assisting us in, among other things, (a) the coordination of the mandatory conditional cash offers made by us for the ordinary shares and the other securities of TCL and LKN;HLGE, (b) obtaining additional credit facilities from two banks in Singapore, and (d)(c) the coordination of the subscription by us for our rights entitlement under a rights issue the US$25.0by HLGE of zero coupon unsecured non-convertible bonds and non-redeemable convertible cumulative preference shares.
     During each of fiscal years 2005, 2006 and 2007, Hong Leong Management charged us S$0.1 million, in principal amount of convertible bonds due 2012 in a private placement.S$0.3 million and S$0.1 million, respectively, for corporate secretarial services provided.
     The Company hasWe have undertaken other significant business transactions with related parties during the three fiscal years ended December 31, 2005,2007, as set forth under Note 2827 to our consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere herein.
     In April 2008, we entered into a lease agreement with Hong Leong Holdings Limited, an affiliated company, for a period of three years in relation to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.lease of our current operating offices. The estimated rental payable for fiscal year 2008 is S$0.1 million.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION.
Consolidated Financial Statements
     See “Item 18. Financial Statements”.Statements.”
Legal Proceedings
     Other than as set forth below, neither the Companywe nor any of itsour consolidated subsidiaries is currently involved in any material legal proceedings that the Company believeswe believe would, individually or taken as a whole, adversely affect theour financial condition or results of operations of the Company.operations.
Proceedings with Yuchai
     The Company hasWe have from time to time encountered difficulties in obtaining the cooperation of the State Holding Company and Mr. Wang Jianming in the daily management and operation of Yuchai. The State Holding Company is a minority shareholder of Yuchai and is wholly-owned by the municipal government of Yulin City in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Until December 3, 2005, Mr. Wang was previously the Chairman, legal representative and Chief Executive Officer of Yuchai, as well as the Vice-Chairman and legal representative of the State Holding Company.
     In response to earlier difficulties with respect to corporate governance measures and certain dividends declared by Yuchai, the Companywe initiated legal and arbitration proceedings in New York, London and Singapore against Yuchai, Mr. Wang and other related

50


parties in May 2003. The CompanyWe subsequently discontinued these proceedings as a result of the execution of the July 2003 Agreement. Among other things, the July 2003 Agreement led to the resolution at that time of previous disagreements with respect to the payment of dividends by Yuchai to the Companyus and the re-appointment of Mr. Wang Jianming as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors of Yuchai in September 2003. The CompanyWe and Yuchai also agreed to work together to implement corporate governance procedures and to promote plans to enhance shareholder value. However, from time to time, the Company haswe have continued to face difficulties in obtaining the cooperation of the Chinese shareholders of Yuchai in the daily management and operation of Yuchai and to fully exercise itsour controlling interest in Yuchai. Following the execution of the July 2003 Agreement, disagreements among the parties continued to recur. For example, representatives of the Chinese shareholders of Yuchai alleged that resolutions passed by the Company’sour six wholly-owned subsidiaries at Yuchai shareholders’ meeting in December 2004 were invalid;invalid, allegations with which the Company disagreed (see the Company’s Form 6-K filed with the SEC on April 1, 2005).we disagreed.
     In April 2005, the Company,we, Yuchai and Coomber agreed on steps relating to the adoption of corporate governance practices at Yuchai and a broad framework for the restructuring of the Company’sour ownership of Yuchai, and entered into the Reorganization Agreement. The Reorganization Agreement is intended to be in furtherance of the July 2003 Agreement. See “Item 4. Information on the Company — Recent Developments” and Note 25 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements for a detailed summary.our consolidated financial statements. In December 2005 and November 2006, the parties amended certain provisions of the Reorganization Agreement, including to extendextending the implementation deadline to December 31, 2006.June 30, 2007. In June 2007, we, Yuchai, Coomber and the State Holding Company entered into the Cooperation Agreement which amends certain terms of the Reorganization Agreement. Pursuant to the amendments to the Reorganization Agreement, the Company has agreed that the restructuring and spin-off of Yuchai will not be effected, and, recognizing the understandings that have been reached between the Company and the State Holding Company to jointly undertake efforts to expand the business of Yuchai, the Company will not seek to recover the anti-dilution fee of US$20 million from Yuchai. Although the parties to the ReorganizationCooperation Agreement expectare expected to work towards its implementation as expeditiously as possible, no assurance can be given as to when the transactions contemplated therein will be fully consummated, or that implementation of the ReorganizationCooperation Agreement will effectively resolve all of the difficulties faced by the Companyus with respect to its investment in Yuchai.

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Proceedings with the HLGE group
     In addition, Mr. Yan Ping has replaced Mr. Wang as Chairman2005, a claim of S$155,000 (Sri Lanka Rupees 11.3 million) was made by a director of a foreign subsidiary of HLGE against the holding company of the Boardforeign subsidiary which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of DirectorsHLGE. The claim is being disputed by such holding company of Yuchai, effective December 2, 2005. Yuchai does not currently have a chief executive officer.the foreign subsidiary, and the directors of HLGE are of the view that no material losses are anticipated in respect of this claim.
Other Legal Proceedings
     In 2003, the Yulin Branch of Bank of China, (“BOC”)or BOC, initiated legal proceedings to recover Rmb 6.6 million (US$0.8 million) from Yuchai based on an irrevocable letter of guarantee issued by Yuchai to BOC in 1993 to secure a loan of US$0.6 million to Great Wall Machinery Plant, (“or Great Wall”).Wall. At trial, a Yulin court ruled that if Great Wall could not repay the loan Yuchai would be liable to the BOC. Yuchai subsequently appealed, but lost the appeal. In January 2004, the State Holding Company issued a letter of commitment confirming that it would reimburse Yuchai in the event that Yuchai was required to pay on this guarantee. Based on the advice of its Chinese legal counsel, the Company has recorded a loss contingency equal to the amount of the claim, which has been offset by amounts to be reimbursed by the State Holding Company. The amount due to BOC and the amount due from State Holding Company have been recorded in “Accrued expenses and other liabilities” and “Amounts due from related companies”, respectively, as of December 31, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2004. In 2005, there were2006. There have been no new developments in this case.
     See also Note 25(c)In July 2005, the Industrial Commercial Bank of China (“ICBC”) entered into a loan agreement with several borrowers. Under the loan agreement, Yuchai Express Guarantee Co., Ltd (“YEGCL”) and Shandong Fengya Trading Co., Ltd (“Fengya”) both acted as joint guarantors in exchange for the borrowers using cars purchased as security under the guarantee. Subsequently, YEGCL agreed to pay a sum of Rmb 8 million as a guarantee deposit. When YEGCL discovered that the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere hereinloan was being wrongly utilized by Fengya rather than the borrowers, it ceased to perform its obligation under the guarantee. In 2007, ICBC commenced legal action against YEGCL for breach of its obligations. YEGCL made a counter-claim to recover the guarantee deposit amount from ICBC, alleging that the loan agreement, and accordingly, the guarantee, was void. YEGCL made a claim for Rmb 8.0 million in addition to interest. The matter was heard on April 3, 2008 and the court’s decision is pending.
     In 2006, Yuchai made a contractual claim against Shandong Shuang Li Group Co for a descriptionsum of other legal claims whichRmb 6.0 million. The defendant later became bankrupt, and Yuchai is involved in.
Policy on Dividend Distributionsfiled its claim as an unsecured creditor. The amount had been written off in 2006.
     In 2006, Yuchai initiated a contractual claim against Shenzhen Land Transport Investment Development Co., Ltd. for a sum of Rmb 14.8 million. On November 14, 2007, the trial court ruled in favor of Yuchai. The Company’s principal source of cash flow has historically been its share ofdefendant’s appeal against such ruling was heard by the dividends, if any, paid by Yuchai toappeals’ court on May 15, 2008 and the Company, as described under “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Liquidity and Capital Resources”.court’s decision is pending.
     Chinese laws and regulations applicable toIn 2006, Yuchai made a Sino-foreign joint stock company require that before Yuchai distributes profits, it must: (i) satisfy all tax liabilities; (ii) recover losses in previous years; and (iii) make contributions to certain statutory reserves in an amount not exceeding 15%claim of net incomeRmb 17.3 million against Changzhou Yi Wei Ke Transportation Co. under the distributorship agreement with Changzhou for the year determined in accordance with PRC GAAP due to its maximum ceiling limit.
     Any determination by Yuchai to declare a dividend will be at the discretionsale of Yuchai’s shareholdersengines to Changzhou. On May 9, 2007, Changzhou became bankrupt and will be dependent upon Yuchai’s financial condition, results of operationsYuchai filed its claim as an unsecured creditor. The amount was provided for in 2006 and other relevant factors. Yuchai’s Articles of Association provide that dividends may be paid once a year. To the extent Yuchai has foreign currency available, dividends declared by shareholders at a shareholders’ meeting to be paid to holders of Foreign Shares (currently only the Company) will be payablewritten off in foreign currency, and such shareholders will have priority thereto. If the foreign currency available is insufficient to pay such dividends, such dividends may be payable partly in Renminbi and partly in foreign currency. Dividends allocated to holders of Foreign Shares may be remitted in accordance with the relevant Chinese laws and regulations. In the event that the dividends are distributed in Renminbi, such dividends may be converted into foreign currency and remitted in accordance with the relevant Chinese laws, regulations and policies.2008.

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ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING.
     Since December 16, 1994, the Common Stock has been listed and traded on the NYSE under the symbol “CYD”. The Common Stock is not listed on any other exchanges within or outside the United States.
     The high and low sales prices for shares of the Common Stock on the NYSE for the periods indicated were as follows:
                
 US$ US$ US$ US$
Period High Low High Low
2001 1.15 0.30 
2002 5.95 0.95 
2003 37.24 4.45  37.24 4.40 
2004 34.00 9.85  34.00 9.85 
2005 14.47 7.02  14.47 7.02 
2006 (through July 31, 2006) 10.00 4.64 
2006 10.00 4.53 
2007 13.85 6.87 
2008 (through December 31, 2008) 11.98 2.49 

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  US$ US$
Period High Low
2006 First Quarter  9.81   6.81 
2006 Second Quarter  10.00   6.26 
2006 Third Quarter  7.46   4.53 
2006 Fourth Quarter  8.40   5.42 
2007 First Quarter  9.45   6.87 
2007 Second Quarter  11.88   7.82 
2007 Third Quarter  12.75   7.18 
2007 Fourth Quarter  13.85   8.80 
2008 First Quarter  10.22   7.07 
2008 Second Quarter  11.98   8.28 
2008 Third Quarter  11.66   7.11 
2008 Fourth Quarter  7.69   2.49 
         
  US$ US$
Period High Low
2003 First Quarter  7.10   4.45 
2003 Second Quarter  9.20   5.60 
2003 Third Quarter  19.30   6.59 
2003 Fourth Quarter  37.24   17.00 
2004 First Quarter  32.22   18.53 
2004 Second Quarter  22.79   15.80 
2004 Third Quarter  18.75   9.85 
2004 Fourth Quarter  18.46   12.65 
2005 First Quarter  13.55   8.13 
2005 Second Quarter  13.89   7.02 
2005 Third Quarter  14.47   9.23 
2005 Fourth Quarter  10.40   7.26 
2006 First Quarter  9.81   6.81 
2006 Second Quarter  10.00   6.26 
         
  US$ US$
Period High Low
December 2005  8.94   7.26 
January 2006  8.36   7.55 
February 2006  9.81   7.00 
March 2006  7.88   6.81 
April 2006  10.00   7.65 
May 2006  9.00   7.07 
June 2006  7.75   6.26 
July 2006  7.42   4.64 
         
  US$ US$
Period High Low
May 2008  11.98   9.00 
June 2008  11.62   9.71 
July 2008  10.23   8.24 
August 2008  11.66   8.62 
September 2008  10.57   7.11 
October 2008  7.69   4.00 
November 2008  5.50   2.49 
December 2008  4.44   3.50 
ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.
     The Company’sOur company’s objects are to perform all the functions of a holding company and to coordinate the policy and administration of any subsidiary company. See paragraphs 6 and 7 of the Company’sour company’s Memorandum of Association for further information on the objects and powers of the Company.our company. Please see Exhibit 1.1 to this Annual Report.
Memorandum of Association and Bye-Laws
Corporate Governance
     The Company isWe are an exemptedexempt company incorporated in Bermuda and isare subject to the laws of that jurisdiction. The legal framework in Bermuda which applies to exempted companies is flexible and allows an exempted company to comply with the corporate governance regime of the relevant jurisdiction in which the company operates or applicable listing standards. Under Bermuda law, members of a board of directors owe a fiduciary duty to the company to act in good faith in their dealings with or on

52


behalf of the company and to exercise their powers and fulfill the duties of their office honestly. In addition, the Bermuda company legislation imposes a duty on directors and officers of an exempted company to act honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the company and requires them to exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. Bermuda legislation also imposes certain specific duties and obligations on companies and directors, both directly and indirectly, including duties and obligations with respect to matters such as (a) loans to directors and related personspersons; and (b) limits on indemnities for directors and officers. Bermuda law does not impose specific obligations in respect of corporate governance, such as those prescribed by NYSE listing standards, requiring a company to (i) appoint independent directors to their boards, (ii) hold regular meetings of non-management directors; (iii) establish audit, nominating and governance or compensation committees; (iv) have shareholders approve equity compensation plans; (v) adopt corporate governance guidelines; or (vi) adopt a code of business conduct and ethics.
     The Company isWe are also subject to the NYSE listing standards, although, because it iswe are a foreign private issuer, those standards are considerably different from those applied to U.S.US companies. Under the NYSE rules, the Companywe need only (i) establish an independent audit committee that has specified responsibilities as described in the following table; (ii) provide prompt certification by itsour chief executive officer of any material non-compliance with any corporate governance rules; (iii) provide periodic written affirmations to the NYSE with respect to itsour corporate governance practicespractices; and (iv) provide a brief description of significant differences between itsour corporate governance practices and those followed by U.S.US companies.

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     The following table compares the Company’s principal corporate governance practices, which are in compliance with Bermuda law, to those required of U.S.US companies.
       
Standard for U.S.US Domestic Listed Companies China Yuchai International Limited’s Practice
Director Independence    
       
Ÿ
 A majority of the board must consist of independent directors. Ÿ Three of the Company’s nineour eight directors, Messrs. Raymond C.K. Ho, Neo Poh Kiat, Tan Aik-Leang and Matthew Richards are independent within the meaning of the NYSE standards. Mr. Ho has notified the Company that he will not be seeking re-election at the forthcoming annual general meeting of the Company. The Company is currently searching for a replacement independent director and, until such person is appointed, the Company will have only two independent directors within the meaning of the NYSE standards.
       
  Independence is defined by various criteria including the absence of a material relationship between director and the listed company. Directors who are employees, are immediate family of the chief executive officer or receive over $100,000 per year in direct compensation from the listed company are not independent. Directors who are employees of or otherwise affiliated through immediate family with the listed company’s independent auditor are also not independent.    
       
Ÿ
 The non-management directors of each company must meet at regularly scheduled executive sessions without management. Ÿ The Company’sOur non-management directors do not meet periodically without management directors.
       
Audit Committee    
       
Ÿ
 Listed companies must have an audit committee that satisfies the requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act. The rule requires that the audit committee (i) be comprised entirely of independent directors; (ii) be directly responsible for the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the independent auditor; (iii) adopt procedures for the receipt and treatment of complaints with respect to accounting, andinternal accounting controls or auditing issues;matters; (iv) be authorized to engage independent counsel andThe Company’s audit committee meets the requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act.

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Standard for U.S. Domestic Listed CompaniesChina Yuchai International Limited’s Practice
other advisors it deems necessary in performing its duties; and (v) be given sufficient funding by the board of directorscompany to compensate the independent auditors and other advisors as well as for the payment of ordinary administrative expenses incurred by the committee. Ÿ Our audit committee meets the requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act.
       
Ÿ
 The audit committee must consist of at least three members, and each member must be independent withinmeets the meaning established byindependence requirements of both the NYSE.NYSE rules and Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. Ÿ The Company’sOur audit committee currently consists of three members, each of whom is independent withinmeets the meaning established byindependence requirements of both the NYSE. However, Mr. Ho has notifiedNYSE rules and Rule 10A-3 under the Company that he will not be seeking re-election at the forthcoming annual general meeting of the Company. The Company is currently searching for a replacement independent director and, until such person is appointed, the Company’s Audit Committee will consist of only two independent members.Exchange Act.
       
Ÿ
 The Company’s audit committee must have a written charter that addresses the committee’s purpose and responsibilities. Ÿ TheOur audit committee has a charter outlining the committee’s purpose and responsibilities, which are similar in scope to those required of U.S.US companies.
       
  At a minimum, the committee’s purpose must be to assist the board in the oversight of the integrity of the company’s financial statements, the company’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, the independent auditor’s qualifications and independence and the performance of the company’s internal audit function and independent auditors.
The audit committee is also required to review the independent auditing firm’s annual report describing the firm’s internal quality control procedures, any material issues raised by the most recent internal quality control review or peer review of the firm, or by any recent governmental inquiry or investigation, and any steps taken to address such issues.

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Standard for US Domestic Listed CompaniesChina Yuchai International Limited’s Practice
The audit committee is also required to assess the auditor’s independence by reviewing all relationships between the company and its auditor. It must establish the company’s hiring guidelines for employees and former employees of the independent auditor.    
       
  The committee must also discuss the company’s annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and the independent auditors, the company’s earnings press releases, as well as financial information and earnings guidance provided to analysts and rating agencies, and policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management. It must also meet separately, periodically, with management, the internal auditors and the board of directors.independent auditors.    
       
Ÿ
 Each listed company must have discloseddisclose whether theirits board of directors has identified an Audit Committee Financial Expert, and if not the reasons why the board has not done so. Ÿ The Board of Directors has identified Mr. Tan Aik-Leang as the Company’sour Audit Committee Financial Expert.
       
Ÿ
 Each listed company must have an internal audit function. Ÿ The Company’sWe are a holding company and the majority of business is done at our main subsidiary, Guangxi Yuchai Machinery Company Limited (“Yuchai”). Our group transactions, fees and expenses are reviewed by the Internal Audit Department of Hong Leong Asia. In addition, Yuchai maintains an independent internal audit function, is providedheaded by HLA.an internal audit manager who reports to the Audit Committee of Yuchai’s Board which approves the audit plans, reviews significant audit issues and monitors corrective actions taken by management.

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Standard for U.S. Domestic Listed CompaniesChina Yuchai International Limited’s Practice
Compensation Committee    
       
Ÿ
 Listed companies must have a compensation committee composed entirely of independent board members as defined by the NYSE listing standards. Ÿ The Company’sOur compensation committee currently has three members, two of whom are independent within the meaning of the NYSE standards. Upon the resignation of Mr. Ho, the Company’s Compensation Committee will only have one independent member.
       
Ÿ
 The committee must have a written charter that addresses its purpose and responsibilities.    
       
Ÿ
 These responsibilities include (i) reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to CEO compensation; (ii) evaluating CEO performance and compensation in light of such goals and objectives for the CEO; (iii) based on such evaluation, reviewing and approving CEO compensation levels; (iv) recommending to the board non-CEO compensation, incentive compensation plans and equity-based plans; and (v) producing a report on executive compensation as required by the SEC to be included in the company’s annual proxy statement or annual report. The committee must also conduct an annual performance self-evaluation. Ÿ The Company’sOur compensation committee reviews among other things the Company’s general compensation structure, and reviews, recommends or approves executive appointments, compensation and benefits of directors and executive officers, subject to ratification by the Board of Directors, and supervises the administration of the Company’sour employee benefit plans, if any.
       
Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee    
       
Ÿ
 Listed companies must have a nominating/corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent board members. Ÿ The Company doesWe do not have a nominating/corporate governance committee. However, certain responsibilities of this committee are undertaken by theour Compensation Committee, of the Company, such as the review and approval of executive appointments.appointments and all other functions are performed by the Board of Directors.

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Standard for US Domestic Listed Companies
China Yuchai International Limited’s Practice
Ÿ The committee must have a written charter that addresses its purpose and responsibilities, which include (i) identifying qualified individuals to become board member; (ii) selecting, or recommending that the board select, the director nominees for the next annual meeting of shareholders; (iii) developing and recommending to the board a set of corporate governance principles applicable to the company; (iv) overseeing the evaluation of the board and management; and (v) conducting an annual performance evaluation of the committee.    
       
Equity-Compensation Plans    
       
Ÿ
 Shareholders must be given the opportunity to vote on all equity-compensation plans and material revisions thereto, with limited exceptions. Ÿ The Company intendsWe intend to have itsour shareholders approve equity-compensation plans.
       
Corporate Governance Guidelines    
       
Ÿ
 Listed companies must adopt and disclose corporate governance guidelines. Ÿ The Company hasWe have formally adopted various corporate governance guidelines, including Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (described below); Audit Committee Charter; Whistle-blowing Policy; Insider Trading Policy; and Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

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Standard for U.S. Domestic Listed CompaniesChina Yuchai International Limited’s Practice
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics    
       
Ÿ
 All listed companies, U.S.US and foreign, must adopt and disclose a code of business conduct and ethics for directors, officers and employees, and promptly disclose any amendment to or waivers of the code for directors or executive officers. Ÿ The Company hasWe adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics Policy a copyin May 2004, which was revised on December 9, 2008. The text of whichthe Code is available upon request fromposted on our internet website athttp://www.cyilimited.com/invest_govt.asp. We intend to promptly disclose any amendment to or waivers of the Company.Code for directors or executive officers.
Directors
Director Interests and Voting
     A Director of the Company cannot vote or be counted in the quorum with regard to any contract or arrangement or any other proposal in which he has any interest or in respect of which he has any duty which conflicts with his duty to the Company. The restriction from voting and being counted in the quorum does not apply if the only interest the Director has is included in the following list:
 (a) a resolution regarding granting any security or indemnity for any money lent or obligation incurred by such Director at the request, or for the benefit, of the Company or any of itsour subsidiaries (or a company of which the Company iswe are a beneficially wholly-owned subsidiary);
 
 (b) a resolution regarding granting any security or indemnity to any third party for a debt or obligation which is owed by the Company or any of itsour subsidiaries (or a company of which the Company iswe are a beneficially wholly-owned subsidiary) to the third party, for which such Director has assumed responsibility in whole or in part under a guarantee or indemnity;
 
 (c) a resolution about an offer of shares, debentures or other securities of the Company or any of its subsidiaries (or a company of which the Company iswe are a beneficially wholly-owned subsidiary) for subscription or purchase in which such Director is to be a participant in the underwriting or sub-underwriting of the offer;
 
 (d) a resolution about any proposal involving any other company in which such Director is interested, whether directly or indirectly and whether as an officer or shareholder or otherwise, provided that such Director is not the holder of, or directly or indirectly beneficially interested in, 5% or more of (i) any class of the equity share capital of such company or in any third company through which such Director’s interest is derived or (ii) the voting rights in that company;
 
 (e) any contract, arrangement or proposal for the benefit of our employees of the Company under which such Director benefits in a similar manner as the employees and does not receive any privileges or advantages not provided to the employees; or
 
 (f) any proposal in which such Director is interested in the same manner as other holders of our shares or our debentures or our other securities of the Company or any of itsour subsidiaries by virtue only of such Director’s interest in our shares or our debentures or our other securities of the Company or any of itsour subsidiaries.

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     If theour Board of Directors of the Company is considering proposals about appointing two or more Directors to positionsoffices or employments with the Company or any company in which the Company iswe are interested, each such Director (if not disqualified from voting under proviso to item (d) above) can vote and be included in the quorum for each resolution, except the one concerning such Director.
Remuneration and Pensions
     The total fees paid to the Directors (other than Directors appointed to an executive office) for performing their services as Directors must not exceed US$250,000 each year or such lesser amount as theour Board of Directors of the Company may determine. The Directors may decide the way in which the totalsuch sum shallto be divided among them, except that any Director holding office for less than the wholepart of the relevant period for which the fees are paid will only receivea year shall unless otherwise agreed be entitled to any proportionate part of the amount in proportion to the amount of time he has been a Director. Theremuneration. Our shareholders of the Company may by ordinary resolution increase the amount of the fees payable to the Directors. TheOur shareholders of the Company had at the annual general meeting of the Company held on July 22, 2005 approved the increase in the limit of the total Directors’ feesfee from US$250,000 to US$500,000 for the financialfiscal year 2005.2006 at our annual general meeting held on September 15, 2006 and from US$250,000 to US$506,850 for fiscal year 2007 at our annual general meeting held on February 14, 2008.
     TheOur Board of Directors of the Company may grant special remuneration to any Director who shall render any special or extra services to or at the request of the Company.our request. Such special remuneration may be paid to such Director in addition to or in substitution

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for his ordinary remuneration as a Director and may be payable by way of a lump sum, participation in profits or as otherwise determined by theour Board of Directors of the Company.Directors.
     TheOur Board of Directors of the Company may provide pensions or other benefits to any Director, officer or former Director and officer, or any of their family members or dependants.
Borrowing Powers
     TheOur Board of Directors of the Company may exercise all the powers of the Company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge its undertaking, property and uncalled capital or any part thereof and to issue debentures and other securities.
Qualification of Directors
     No person is required to vacate office or is ineligible for re-election or re-appointment as a Director, and no person is ineligible for appointment as a Director, by reason only of his having attained any particular age.     No Director is required to hold any shares of the Company.
Rights of Holders of shares of Common Stock
     The holders of shares of Common Stock shall:
  be entitled, on a show of hands, to one vote and, on a poll, to one vote per share;
 
  be entitled to such dividends as the Board of Directors of the Company may from time to time declare;
 
  in the event of a winding-up or dissolution of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary or for the purpose of the reorganization or otherwise or upon any distribution of capital, be entitled to a return of the amount paid up on the Common Stock and thereafter to the surplus assets of the Company; and
 
  generally, be entitled to enjoy all the rights attaching to shares.
     All unclaimed dividends or distributions out of contributed surplus account may be invested or otherwise made use of by the Board of Directors of the Company for the benefit of the Company until claimed.claimed and the payment of any such dividend or distribution into a separate account or the investment of such dividend shall not constitute the Company a trustee in respect thereof. No dividend or distribution shall bear interest against the Company. Any dividend or distribution which has remained unclaimed for a period of 12 years from the due date for payment thereof shall at the expiration of that period be forfeited and shall belong to the Company absolutely.
Rights of Holder of the Special Share
     The holder of the Special Share shall be entitled to the following rights:
  to elect six Directors of the Company and to remove Directors so appointed; and
 
  no shareholder resolution, whether ordinary or special resolution, may be passed without the affirmative vote of the holder of the Special Share, including any resolution to amend the Memorandum of Association or Bye-Laws of the Company.Share.
     The holder of the Special Share shall not be entitled to any other rights or to any dividends and in the event of a winding up or dissolution of the Company, the holder of the Special Share shall be entitled only to a return of the amount paid up on the Special Share.
     The Special Share is not transferable except to HLAHong Leong Asia and its affiliates or to China Everbright Holdings and its affiliates. The Special Share shall cease to carry any rights in the event that, if HLAHong Leong Asia and its affiliates own the Special Share, HLAHong Leong Asia and its affiliates cease to own, directly or indirectly, at least 7,290,000 shares of Common Stock (or such equivalent number upon a consolidation or subdivision of shares of Common Stock), or if China Everbright Holdings and its affiliates own the Special Share, China Everbright Holdings and its affiliates cease to own, directly or indirectly, at least 6,570,000 shares of Common Stock (or such equivalent number upon a consolidation or subdivision of shares of Common Stock).

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Modification of Shareholders’ Rights
     The rights attached to any class of shares (unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class) may be varied, modified or abrogated with the consent in writing of the holders of not less than three-fourths of the issued shares of that class or with the sanction of an ordinary resolution passed at a separate general meeting of the holders of the shares of the class. The rights conferred upon the holders of the shares of any class issued with preferred or other rights shall not, unless otherwise expressly provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class, be deemed to be varied by the creation or issue of further shares rankingpari passu therewith.
Annual General and Special General Meetings
     The CompanyWe must hold an annual general meeting each year. TheOur Directors of the Company decide where and when it will be held. Not more than fifteen months may elapse between the date of one annual general meeting and the next. At least 14 clear days’ written notice must be given for every annual general meeting and for every special general meeting. The notice for any annual general meeting must state the date, place and time at which the meeting is to be held, and the business to be conducted at the meeting, including, if applicable, any election of Directors. The notice for any special general meeting must state the time, place and the general nature of the business to be considered at the meeting and shall state that a shareholder entitled to attend and vote is entitled to appoint one or more proxies to attend and vote instead of him. In the case of a meeting convened for passing a special resolution, the notice shall specify the intention to propose the resolution as a special resolution.
     Shareholders holding not less than one-tenth in value of the paid up share capital of the Company and having the right to attend and vote at general meetings of the Company shall have the right, by written request to the Chairman or President (as applicable), Deputy Chairman or Vice President (as applicable) or Secretary of the Company, to require that a special general meeting be convened by the Directors for the transaction of any business specified in the request. Such meeting shall be held within two months after the request has been made. If within 21 days of such deposit of the request, the Board fails to convene the meeting, the petitionerssuch shareholders may convene the meeting themselves in accordance with Section 74(3) of the Companies Act of 1981 of Bermuda.
Limitations on Rights to Own Securities
     There are no limitations under Bermuda law or the Company’sour Memorandum of Association and Bye-Laws on the rights of non-Bermuda owners of shares of the Company to hold or vote their shares.
     The Company isWe are exempt from the laws of Bermuda which restrict the percentage of share capital that may be held by non-Bermudians, but as an exempted company the Companywe may not participate in certain business transactions, including:including (i) the acquisition or holding of land in Bermuda (except that required for its business held by way of lease or tenancy for a term not exceeding 50 years or, with the consent of the Minister of Finance of Bermuda, land by way of lease or tenancy for a term not exceeding 21 years in order to provide accommodation or recreational facilities for its employees); (ii) the taking of mortgages on land in Bermuda to secure an amount in excess of 50,000 Bermuda dollars without the prior consent of the Minister of Finance of Bermuda; (iii) the acquisition of any bonds or debentures secured by any land in Bermuda other than those issued by the Government of Bermuda or a public authority; or (iv) the carrying on of business of any kind or type whatsoever in Bermuda either alongalone or in partnership or otherwise except,inter alia, carrying on business with persons outside Bermuda, in furtherance of the business of the Company carried on outside Bermuda or under a license granted by the Minister of Finance of Bermuda.
     In accordance with the Company’sour Bye-Laws, share certificates are only issued to members of the Company (i.e., persons registered in the register of members as holders of shares in the Company). The Company isWe are not bound to investigate or incur any responsibility in respect of the proper administration or execution of any trust to which any of the Company’sour shares are subject. The CompanyWe will take no notice of any trust applicable to any of its shares whether or not it had notice of such trust.
Exchange Controls
Bermuda Exchange Controls
     The Company hasWe have been designated as a non-resident for exchange control purposes by the Bermuda Monetary Authority.
     The Company has We have received the permission of the Bermuda Monetary Authority under the Exchange Control Act of 1972 and regulations thereunder for the transfer of shares of Common Stockcommon stock to and between persons regarded as resident outside Bermuda for exchange control purposes and the issue of shares within the existing authorized capital of the Company to such persons for so long as

58


such shares are listed on the NYSE. The Bermuda Monetary Authority has also granted to all Bermuda companies with voting shares listed on an appointed stock exchange (as defined in the Companies Act 1981 of Bermuda), a general permission for the issue and subsequent transfer of any securities of such companies from and to a non-resident of Bermuda. The NYSE is an appointed stock exchange under the Companies Act 1981 of Bermuda. Issues and transfers of shares involving any person regarded as resident in Bermuda for exchange control purposes require specific prior approval under the Exchange Control Act of 1972.

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     Because the Company haswe have been designated as a non-resident for Bermuda exchange control purposes, there are no restrictions on itsour ability to transfer funds in and out of Bermuda or to pay dividends to United States residents who are holders of the shares of Common Stock,common stock, other than in respect of local Bermuda currency.
China Exchange Controls
     The Renminbi currently is not a freely convertible currency. The State Administration for Foreign Exchange (the “SAFE”),SAFE, under the authority of the People’s Bank of China (the “PBOC”),PBOC, controls the conversion of Renminbi into foreign currency. Prior to January 1, 1994, Renminbi could be converted to foreign currency through the Bank of China or other authorized institutions at official rates fixed daily by the SAFE. Renminbi could also be converted at swap centers, (“or Swap Centers”)Centers, open to Chinese enterprises and foreign invested enterprises, (“FIEs”),or FIEs, subject to SAFESAFE’s approval of each foreign currency trade, at exchange rates negotiated by the parties for each transaction. In the year ended December 31, 1993, as much as 80% by value of all foreign exchange transactions in China took place through the Swap Centers. The exchange rate quoted by the Bank of China differed substantially from that available in the Swap Centers. Effective January 1, 1994, a unitary exchange rate system was introduced in China, replacing the dual-rate system previously in effect. In connection with the creation of a unitary exchange system, the China Foreign Exchange Trading System, (“CFETS”)or CFETS, inter-bank foreign exchange market was established. Under the unitary foreign exchange system, PBOC sets daily exchange rates, (the “PBOC Rates”)or the PBOC Rates, for conversion of Renminbi into U.S.US dollars and other currencies based on the CFETS interbank market rates, and the Bank of China and other authorized banks may engage in foreign exchange transactions at rates that vary within a prescribed range above or below PBOC Rates.
     Yuchai, as a FIE, is permitted to retain its foreign currency earnings and maintain foreign currency accounts at designated foreign exchange banks. However, there can be no assurance that the current authorizations for FIEs to retain their foreign exchange to satisfy foreign exchange liabilities in the future will not be limited or eliminated or that Yuchai will be able to obtain sufficient foreign exchange to satisfy their foreign exchange requirements. Foreign exchange transactions under the capital account continue to be subject to limitations and require approvals of the SAFE, which could affect the ability of the Yuchai to obtain foreign exchange through debt or equity financing, including by means of loans or capital contributions from the Company.
     In the event of shortages of foreign currencies, Yuchai may be unable to convert sufficient Renminbi into foreign currency to meet its foreign currency obligations or to pay dividends in foreign currency. Yuchai requires foreign currency to purchase a substantial portion of the manufacturing equipment required for the planned expansion of its manufacturing facilities and to meet foreign currency-denominated debt payment obligations. Yuchai will also require foreign currency for payment of its imported engine components.
     The value of the Renminbi is subject to changes in Chinese government policies and to international economic and political developments. During the few years prior to 1994, the Renminbi experienced a devaluation against most major currencies, and a devaluation of approximately 50% of the Renminbi against the U.S.US dollar occurred on January 3, 1994 in connection with the adoption of the new unitary exchange rate system. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decade-old policy of pegging the value of the Renminbi to the U.S.US dollar. Under the new policy, the Renminbi is permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. From that day to December 31, 2005, this change in policy has resulted in an approximately 2.5% appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S.US dollar. There has been a further appreciation of the Renminbi against the US dollar. From December 31, 2005 to June 30, 2008, the Renminbi appreciated 15.0% against the US dollar. Since January 4, 2006, the PBOC authorized CFETS to announce the middle rate of Renminbi against the US dollar and other foreign currencies at 9:15 a.m. of each business day which shall be used as the middle rate applicable to the transactions in the inter-bank spot foreign exchange market and counter deals of banks. While the international reaction to the Renminbi revaluation has generally been positive, there remains significant international pressure on the PRC government to adopt an even more flexible currency policy, which could result in a further and more significant appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S.US dollar. Any future devaluation of the Renminbi would increase the effective cost to Yuchai of foreign manufactured equipment or components, and of satisfying any other foreign currency denominated liabilities. In addition, any such devaluation would reduce the U.S.US dollar value of any dividends declared in Renminbi.
     In addition, State Administration of Foreign Exchangethe SAFE issued a public notice, (“or the October Notice”)Notice, effective from November 1, 2005, which requires registration with the SAFE by the PRC resident shareholders of any foreign holding company of a PRC entity. Without registration, the PRC entity cannot remit any of its profits out of the PRC as dividends or otherwise; however, it is uncertain how the October Notice will be interpreted or implemented regarding specific documentation requirements for a foreign holding company formed prior to the effective date of the October Notice, such as in our case. In addition,

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the October Notice requires that any monies remitted to PRC residents outside of the PRC be returned within 180 days; however, there is no indication of what the penalty will be for failure to comply or if shareholder non-compliance will be considered to be a violation of the October Notice by us or otherwise affect us.

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     Furthermore, the General Affairs Department of SAFE promulgated a new circular in August 2008, pursuant to which, Renminbi converted from capital contribution in foreign currency to a domestic enterprise in China can only be used for the activities that are within the approved business scope of such enterprise and cannot be used for China domestic equity investment or acquisition, with limited exceptions.
Taxation
Bermuda Taxation
     There is no Bermuda income, corporation or profits tax, withholding tax, capital gains tax, capital transfer tax, estate duty or inheritance tax payable by shareholders of the Company other than by shareholders ordinarily resident in Bermuda. Neither the Company nor its shareholders (other than shareholders ordinarily resident in Bermuda) are subject to stamp or other similar duty on the issue, transfer or redemption of Common Stock. The Company has received from the Minister of Finance of Bermuda under the Exempted Undertakings Tax Protection Act of 1966, as amended, an assurance that, in the event that Bermuda enacts any legislation imposing any tax computed on profits or income, or computed on any capital assets, gain or appreciation, or any tax in the nature of estate duty or inheritance tax, the imposition of such tax shall not be applicable to the Company or to any of its operations, shares, debentures or other obligations of the Company, until March 28, 2016. This assurance does not, however, prevent the imposition of any such tax or duty on such persons as are ordinarily resident in Bermuda and holding such shares, debentures or obligations of the Company or on land in Bermuda leased or let to the Company.
     As an exempted company, the Company is required to pay a registration fee in Bermuda based upon its authorized share capital and the premium on the issue of its shares, at rates calculated on a sliding scale not exceeding US$27,82531,120 per annum.
People’s Republic of China Taxation
     The following discussion summarizes the taxes applicable to the Company’s investment in Yuchai and applicable to Yuchai under Chinese law.
Taxation of Dividends from Yuchai
     Dividends distributed by Yuchai toUnder the Company can be remitted from China without any Chinese taxation. Although theformer Income Tax Law onfor Enterprises with Foreign Investment Enterprises and Foreign Enterprises, (the “Foreign Investmentany dividends payable by foreign-invested enterprises to non-PRC investors were exempt from any PRC withholding tax. In 2007, the PRC National People’s Congress adopted the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law”) provides that certain remittances of foreign exchange earningsLaw, or the New Income Tax Law, and the State Council adopted the related implementation rules, or the Implementation Rules, which became effective on January 1, 2008. In accordance with the New Income Tax Law and the Implementation Rules, dividends derived from Chinathe revenues accumulated from January 1, 2008 and are paid by PRC companies to non-resident enterprises are generally subject to Chinesea PRC withholding tax dividends receivedlevied at a rate of 10% unless exempted or reduced pursuant to an applicable double-taxation treaty or other exemptions. Dividends paid by foreign investors from a foreign investment enterprisePRC companies to resident enterprises, including enterprises established under the laws of non-PRC jurisdictions but whose “de facto management body” is located in the PRC, are exempt from withholding tax. Yuchai is qualified as a foreign investment enterprise and, as a result,not subject to any PRC withholding tax, isunless the dividends are derived from the publicly traded shares which have not applicable to dividends receivedbeen held continuously by the Company from Yuchai.resident enterprises for twelve months. Nevertheless, the implementation of such rules still remains uncertain.
Taxation of Disposition of Yuchai Shares
     In the event the Company, through its subsidiaries, transfers any of its current holding of the Yuchai Shares, the amount received in excess of its original capital contribution would be subject to Chinese withholding tax at a rate of 10%.
     In the event that Yuchai is liquidated, the portion of the balance of its net assets or remaining property, after deducting undistributed profits, various funds and liquidation expenses, that exceeds Yuchai’s paid-in capital would be subject to withholding tax at a rate of 10%.
Income Tax
     Yuchai is subject toUnder the former Income Tax Law for Enterprises with Foreign Investment Enterprise Tax Law. Pursuant to this law,and Foreign Enterprises, Sino-foreign joint stock companies generally are subject to an income tax at a rate of 33%, including a national tax of 30% and a local tax of 3%. If an enterprise is located in specially designated regions, more favorable effective rates apply.Prior to January 1, 2008, Yuchai was subject to a preferential income tax rate at 15% since January 1, 2002, based on certain qualifications provided by the state and local tax regulations. The Foreign Investment EnterpriseNew Income Tax Law generally exempts Sino-foreign joint stock companies engagedimposes a uniform tax rate of 25% on all enterprises incorporated in manufacturing with an operation term of more than ten years from nationalChina, including foreign-invested enterprises, and local income taxes for two years starting from the first profitable year of operations, followed by a 50% exemption for the next three years. The Detailed Rules for Performanceeliminates many of the Foreign Investment Enterprise Tax Law (the “Detailed Rules”)tax exemptions, reductions and preferential treatments that were previously available to foreign-invested enterprises. According to the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Foreign Joint Venture Tax Incentives Regulation (the “Guangxi Tax Regulation”) generally provide a three-year extension of the 50% tax exemption if a company meets the standards of an advanced technology enterprise as defined under the regulation and will be or has been operating for at least ten years. The Foreign Investment EnterpriseNew Income Tax Law and the DetailedImplementation Rules, and the Guangxi Tax Regulation also generally provide for a tax reduction to a 15%effective income tax rate for certain foreign-invested enterprises meeting the following criteria: (i) the enterpriseof Yuchai is in an industry involving energy, transportation, port or special knowledge orbeing gradually increased to 25% within a five-year transition period commencing on January 1, 2008.

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technology, (ii)     Furthermore, pursuant to the New Income Tax Law, if an enterprise is located in a coastal special economic zone or (iii) the enterprise has foreign investment exceeding US$30 million.
     Under the tax law and regulations described above, Yuchai is qualified for the reduced tax rate of 15%. As a Sino-foreign joint stock company, Yuchai was also exempt from Chinese income tax for the years 1994 and 1995 and was entitled to a 50% tax exemption for each of the years 1996 to 1998. In addition, Yuchai has obtained approval to extend the 50% tax exemption for three additional years from 1999 to 2001 based on its qualification as an advanced technology enterprise as defined under the relevant local tax law and regulations. However, based on current interpretations ofincorporated outside the PRC incomehas its “de facto management organization” located within the PRC in accordance with the New Income Tax Law, such enterprise may be recognized as a PRC tax law, Yuchai willresident enterprise and thus may be subject to a minimumenterprise income tax at the rate of 10% during this three-year extension. As25% on their worldwide income. The Implementation Rules specify that a result,“de facto management organization” means an organization that exercises material and full management and control over matters including the enterprise’s production and operations, personnel, finance and property. Although the Implementation Rules provide a definition of “de facto management organization”, such definition has not been tested and there remains uncertainty as to when a non-PRC enterprise’s “de facto management organization” is considered to be located in the PRC. If we or any of our subsidiaries registered outside China are treated as “tax resident enterprise” under current laws, Yuchai was subject tothe New Income Tax Law, our income tax at a rate of 7.5% during the three years from 1996 through 1998expenses may increase and a rate of 10% during the three years from 1999 through 2001. Since January 1, 2002, Yuchai is subject to tax at a rate of 15% so long as it continues to qualify as a foreign-invested enterprise eligible for such reduction.our profitability could decrease.
Value-Added Tax
     In addition to Chinese income tax, Yuchai is subject to tax on its sales. Effective January 1, 1994, the Value-Added Tax Provisional Regulations subject all goods produced or processed in China, other than real property and goods produced or processed for export, to a value-added tax (“VAT”)or VAT at each stage or sale in the process of manufacture, processing, distribution and sale to the ultimate consumer. The basic VAT rate is 17% of the sale price of the item, although certain goods are assessed at a preferential 13% VAT rate. The seller of the goods adds 17% to the sale price of the item, which is separately invoiced (except in the case of retail sales), and collects the applicable amount of VAT through the sale of the item. The amount of the seller’s VAT liability to the Taxation Bureau is calculated as the amount of sales multiplied by the applicable VAT rate. The amount of the seller’s VAT liability may be reduced by deducting the VAT included in the materials, parts and other items purchased by the seller and used in producing the goods.
     The Value-Added Tax Provisional Regulations do not permit the seller to deduct from its VAT liability the amount of VAT included in the purchase price of fixed assets purchased by the seller. Thus, although the book value of fixed assets, including plant and equipment, purchased by Yuchai will be the depreciated cost (ordinarily the purchase price plus VAT in the case of non-real property) of the fixed assets, Yuchai cannot deduct the amount of VAT paid at the time of such purchase from its VAT liability in respect of products sold.
     According to the Decision on the Use of Interim Regulations Concerning Value-Added Taxes, Consumption Taxes and Business Taxes on Foreign-Funded Enterprises and Foreign Enterprises adopted at the Fifth Meeting of the Eighth Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on December 29, 1993, the increased tax payment from the tax obligations arising from the levy of the VAT, consumption taxes and business taxes will be refunded to foreign-funded enterprises established prior to December 31, 1993 upon their application and the relevant tax office’s approval, for a period of no more than five years. In August 1994, the Ministry of Finance and State Tax Bureau announced that the goods produced and directly exported by foreign-funded enterprises are exempt from VAT and consumption tax, but the following goods are excepted: (i) crude oil, (ii) goods prohibited from being exported by the state include natural bezoar, musk, bronze and acid bronze alloy, platinum and (iii) sugar.
United States Federal Income Taxation
     This section describes the material United States Federal income tax consequences of owning shares of Common Stock. It applies to a U.S.US Holder (as defined below) that holds the shares as capital assets for tax purposes. This section does not apply to a U.S.US Holder that is a member of a special class of holders subject to special rules, including:
  a financial institution,
 
  a dealer in securities,
 
  a trader in securities that elects to use a mark-to-market method of accounting for its securities holdings,
 
  a tax-exempt organization,
 
  an insurance company,
 
  a person liable for alternative minimum tax,

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  a person that actually or constructively owns 10% or more of the voting stock of the Company,
 
  a person that owns shares through a partnership or other pass-through entity,
 
  a person that holds shares as part of a straddle or a hedging or conversion transaction, or
 
  a person whose functional currency is not the U.S.US dollar.
     This section is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), its legislative history, existing and proposed regulations, published rulings and court decisions, all as currently in effect. These laws are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis. There is currently no comprehensive income tax treaty between the United States and Bermuda.

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     For purposes of this discussion, a U.S.US Holder is a beneficial owner of shares that is:
  a citizen or resident of the United States,
 
  a US domestic corporation,
 
  an estate the income of which is subject to United States federal income tax regardless of its source, or
 
  a trust, if a United States court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more United States persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust.
     U.S.US Holders should consult their own tax advisor regarding the United States federal, state and local and other tax consequences of owning and disposing of shares in their particular circumstances.
Taxation of Dividends
     Under the United States federal income tax laws, and subject to the passive foreign investment company, (“PFIC”)or PFIC, rules discussed below, U.S.US Holders will include in gross income the gross amount of any dividend paid by the Company out of its current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for United States federal income tax purposes). The dividend is ordinary income that the U.S.US Holder must include in income when the dividend is actually or constructively received. The dividend will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally allowed to United States corporations in respect of dividends received from other United States corporations. The amount of the dividend distribution includible in the income of a U.S.US Holder will be the U.S.US dollar value of the Bermuda dollar payments made, determined at the spot Bermuda dollar/U.S.US dollar rate on the date the dividend distribution is includible in the income of the U.S.US Holder, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S.US dollars. Generally, any gain or loss resulting from currency exchange fluctuations during the period from the date the dividend payment is includible in income to the date such payment is converted into U.S.US dollars will be treated as ordinary income or loss. Such gain or loss generally will be income or loss from sources within the United States for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for United States federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of the U.S.US Holder’s basis in the shares and thereafter as capital gain.
     With respect to noncorporatenon corporate taxpayers for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011, dividends may be taxed at the lower applicable capital gains rate provided that (1) the Common Stock is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States, (2) the Company is not a passive foreign investment company (as discussed below) for either the Company’s taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the preceding taxable year, and (3) certain holding period requirements are met. Common stock is considered for purposes of clause (1) above to be readily tradable on an established securities market if it is listed on the New York Stock Exchange. U.S.US Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the availably of the lower rate for dividends paid with respect to the Company’s Common Stock.
     For foreign tax credit limitation purposes, the dividend will be income from sources outside the United States, but generally will be treated separately, together with other items of “passive income” or “financial services income”. For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2006, the dividend would generally constitute “passive category income” but could, in the case of certain U.S.US Holders, constitute “general category income.”

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Taxation of Capital Gains
     Subject to the PFIC rules discussed below, upon the sale or other disposition of shares, a U.S.US Holder will recognize capital gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes equal to the difference between the U.S.US Holder’s amount realized and the U.S.US Holder’s tax basis in such shares. If a U.S.US Holder receives consideration for shares paid in a currency other than U.S.US dollars, the U.S.US Holder’s amount realized will be the U.S.US dollar value of the payment received. In general, the U.S.US dollar value of such a payment will be determined on the date of sale or disposition. On the settlement date, a U.S.US Holder may recognize U.S.US source foreign currency gain or loss (taxable as ordinary income or loss) equal to the difference (if any) between the U.S.US dollar value of the amount received based on the exchange rates in effect on the date of sale or other disposition and the settlement date. However, if the shares are treated as traded on an established securities market and the U.S.US Holder is a cash basis taxpayer or an accrual basis taxpayer who has made a special election, the U.S.US dollar value of the amount realized in a foreign currency is determined by translating the amount received at the spot rate of exchange on the settlement date of the sale, and no exchange gain or loss would be recognized at that time. Capital gain of a non-corporate U.S.US Holder is generally taxed at a reduced rate where the property is held more than one year. The gain or loss will generally be income or loss from sources within the United States for foreign tax credit limitation purposes.

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PFIC Rules
     The Company believes that its shares should not be treated as stock of a PFIC for United States federal income tax purposes for the taxable year that ended on December 31, 2005. The2007. PFIC status is a factual determination which cannot be made until the close of the taxable year. Accordingly, there is no guarantee that the Company may becomewill not be a PFIC in 2006 or infor any future years, however, as a resulttaxable year. Furthermore, because the total value of the implementationCompany’s assets for purposes of the Reorganization Agreement as amended in December 2005.U.S. Holders are strongly advised to consult their own tax advisors regardingasset test generally will be calculated using the possibilitymarket price of the Company’s shares, our PFIC status will depend in large part on the market price of the Company’s shares. Accordingly, fluctuations in the market price of the Company’s shares could render the Company becoming a PFIC for any year. A non-U.S. corporation is considered a PFIC for any taxable year if either:
at least 75% of its gross income is passive income, or
at least 50% of the value of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets during a taxable year) is attributable to assets that produce or are held or the production of passive income (the “asset test”).
     In the PFIC determination, the Company will be treated as a resultowning its proportionate share of the implementationassets and earning its proportionate share of the Reorganization Agreement andincome any other corporation in which it owns, directly or indirectly, 25% or more (by value) of the potential United States tax consequences to them.stock.
If the Company were to be treated as a PFIC for any year during the U.S.US Holder’s holding period, unless a U.S.US Holder elects to be taxed annually on a mark-to-market basis with respect to the shares (which election may be made only if the Company’s shares are “marketable stock”) within the meaning of Section 1296 of the Code), a U.S.US Holder will be subject to special tax rules with respect to any “excess distribution” received and any gain realized from a sale or other disposition (including a pledge) of that holder’s shares. Distributions a U.S.US Holder receives in a taxable year that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions received during the shorter of the three preceding taxable years or the holder’s holding period for the shares will be treated as excess distributions. Under these special tax rules:
  the excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over the U.S.US Holder’s holding period for the shares;
 
  the amount allocated to the current taxable year, and any taxable year prior to the first taxable year in which the Company is treated as a PFIC, will be treated as ordinary income; and
 
  the amount allocated to each other year will be subject to tax at the highest tax rate in effect for that year and the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the resulting tax attributable to each such year.
     The tax liability for amounts allocated to years prior to the year of disposition or “excess distribution” cannot be offset by any net operating losses for such years, and gains (but not losses) realized on the sale of the shares cannot be treated as capital, even the shares are held as capital assets. If the Company were to be treated as a PFIC for any year during which a U.S.US Holder holds the shares, the Company generally would continue to be treated as a PFIC with respect to that U.S.US Holder for all succeeding years during which it owns the shares. If the Company were to cease to be treated as a PFIC however, a U.S.US Holder may avoid some of the adverse effects of the PFIC regime by making a deemed sale election with respect to the shares.
     If a U.S.US Holder holds shares in any year in which the Company is a PFIC, that holder will be required to file Internal Revenue Service Form 8621.
Documents on Display
     It is possible to read and copy documents referred to in this annual report on Form 20-F that have been filed with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room located at 100 F Street, Room 1580,N.E., Washington D.C., 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference rooms and their copy charges. AdditionalThe SEC maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information may also be obtainedstatements and other information regarding registrants that make electronic filings with the SEC using its EDGAR system. As a foreign private issuer, we are required to use the EDGAR system. We have done so in the past and will continue to do so in order to make our reports available over the Internet at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.Internet.

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ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSUREDISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
     The Company isWe are subject to market rate risks due to fluctuations in interest rates. The majority of the Company’sYuchai’s debt is variable rate short-term and long-term Renminbi denominated loans obtained by Yuchai from banks in China. The interest rates of such loans are generally established in accordance with directives announced from time to time by the PBOC, which are in turn affected by various factors such as the general economic conditions in China and the monetary policespolicies of the Chinese government. In addition, an increase in interest rates may reduce the fair value of the debt securities issued by HLGE. There is no ready market in China for the CompanyYuchai to enter into interest rate swaps or other instruments designed to mitigate its exposure to interest rate risks. In addition, the Companywe also have various bankcredit facilities from banks in Singapore to fund the Company’sour business expansion plan. Subsequent toAs of December 31, 2005, the Company has drawn down various bank facilities relating to its investments in TCL and LKN. As of June 30, 2006, the Company2007, we had outstanding consolidated loans of RMB 1,705.9Rmb 1,587.1 million (US$213.4232.2 million), equivalent to approximately S$339.3 million..

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     The Company is exposed to foreign currency risk as a result of having to obtain certain key components used in the manufacturing of Yuchai’s heavy-duty engines from overseas suppliers. At December 31, 2005, the Company did not have any loans that were denominated in a foreign currency.
     The following table provides certain interest rate risk information regarding the Company’sour short-term and long-term bank loans as of December 31, 20042006 and 2005:2007.
                         
  As of December 31, 2005 As of December 31, 2004
          Total carrying Estimated Total carrying Estimated fair
  Expected maturity dates amount fair value(2) amount value(2)
  2006 2007                
  (Expressed in Rmb thousands, except interest rate)
Floating rate debt:                        
(i) Short-term bank loans denominated in Rmb  812,835      812,835   812,835   430,000   430,000 
Weighted average interest rate(1)
  5.53%     5.53%      5.28%    
(ii) Long-term bank loans denominated in Rmb  100,000   50,000   150,000   150,000   100,000   100,000 
Weighted average interest rate(1)
  5.22%  5.85%  5.43%      5.22%    
                              
               As of December 31, 2006 As of December 31, 2007
   2008 2009 2010 Total carrying Estimated fair Total carrying Estimated fair
   Expected maturity dates amount value(1) amount value(1)
   Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb
   (in thousands, except interest rate)
Floating rate debt:                            
(i) Short-term bank loans denominated in Rmb  819,164         806,506   806,506   819,164   819,164 
 
Weighted average interest rate(2)
  4.03%        4.07%      4.03%    
(ii) Short-term bank loans denominated in S$           202,628   202,628       
 
Weighted average interest rate(2)
           3.97%           
(iii) Long-term bank loans denominated in Rmb        85,000   100,000   100,000   85,000   85,000 
 
Weighted average interest rate(2)
        5.85%  5.85%      5.85%    
(iv) Long-term bank loans denominated in US$  457,787      225,142   575,454   575,454   682,929   682,929 
 
Weighted average interest rate(2)
  3.01%-3.24%     2.68%-3.01%  3.89%      3.03%    
 
(1)Fair value was estimated based on the floating interest rates applicable to similar loan instruments.
(2) Weighted average interest rate is calculated based on the interest rates applicable to individual bank loans outstanding as of December 31, 20052006 and 2004.
(2)Fair value was estimated based on the floating interest rates applicable to similar loan instruments.2007.
     The interest rate will also affect the valuation of the investments in debt securities. Below is a summary of the debt securities at the end of 2007.

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Initial fair value, gross unrealized holding gain and period-end fair value of available-for-sale securities as of December 31, 2007 were as follows:
                 
      Gross unrealized Carrying value Carrying value
  Initial fair value holding gains (Fair value) (Fair value)
  Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
  (in thousands)
Unsecured bonds of HLGE  461,645   97,207   558,852   81,768 
                 
RCPS A of HLGE  8,513   4,223   12,736   1,864 
                 
   470,158   101,430   571,588   83,632 
                 
The fair values of available-for-sale securities are estimated by discounting the expected payments to the valuation date using a discount rate commensurate with the risk of the payments.
Maturities of securities classified as available-for-sale were as follows as of December 31, 2007:
         
  Carrying value Carrying value
  (Fair value) (Fair value)
  Rmb US$
  (in thousands)
Due after one year through five years  558,852   81,768 
Due after five years through ten years  12,736   1,864 
We are exposed to foreign currency risk as a result of our investments in equity and debt securities denominated in Singapore dollars, and having to obtain certain key components used in the manufacturing of Yuchai’s heavy-duty engines from overseas suppliers. As of December 31, 2007, the Company had S$122.4 million (US$83.8 million) of Singapore dollar denominated investments.
The Company has invested in companies that are quoted on the Singapore Stock Exchange, a summary of which is provided below:
         
      Value as at
  Number of 31 December
  shares 2007
      Rmb
      (in thousands)
TCL  898,990,352   387,930 
HLGE  387,614,839   112,648 
The movement in share prices would have an impact on the valuation of the above investments.
ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES.
     Not Applicable.

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PART II
ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES.
     There has not been any dividend arrearage or other material delinquency with respect to preferred stock of either the Company or Yuchai.
ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS.
     Not Applicable.
ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
     The Company maintainsEvaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in itsour SEC reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to itsour management, including its Chief Executive Officerour President, who is our principal executive officer, and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only a reasonable level of assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and, in reaching a reasonable level of assurance,

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management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
As required by SEC Rule 13a-15(b), under the Company hasExchange Act, we have carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of itsour management, including its Chief Executive Officerour President and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of itsour disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report.Annual Report. As described below, material weaknesses were identified in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Based on the foregoing, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officersuch evaluation, our management has concluded that, itsas a result of the material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting described below, as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective atnot effective.
Management’s Assessment of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Internal control over financial reporting refers to a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our President and Chief Financial Officer and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance level, except as set forth below.
     In connection withregarding the Company’s recent business expansion and diversification plan, the Company has made minority equity investments in TCL and LKN, as described elsewhere in this Annual Report. With respect to TCL, the Company has experienced delays in the timely collating and integrationreliability of financial informationreporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”). Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:
pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets;
provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP;
provide reasonable assurance that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with our management’s and/or our Board of Directors’ authorization; and
provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
Internal control over financial reporting cannot provide absolute assurance of achieving financial reporting objectives because of its inherent limitations. Internal control over financial reporting is a process that involves human diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgment and breakdowns resulting from TCL management for usehuman failures. Internal control over financial reporting also can be circumvented by collusion or improper overrides. Because of such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitations are known features of the financial reporting process, and it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.

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Management evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007 using the criteria in “Internal Control — Integrated Framework” issued by the Company in preparing its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. This situation has primarily arisen from TCLCommittee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). As a result of management’s lackevaluation of familiarity with US GAAP and SECour internal control over financial reporting, requirements,management identified certain material weaknesses in our internal control that are described below. As a result of such material weaknesses, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as TCL maintains itsof December 31, 2007. Our independent registered public accounting firm, KPMG LLP, has issued an audit report on our internal control over financial reporting, expressing an adverse opinion on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007.
Material Weakness
Insufficient U.S. GAAP knowledge and resources
We and Yuchai do not have adequate finance personnel with an appropriate level of accounting knowledge and resources to properly identify adjustments, analyze transactions and prepare financial statements in accordance with Singapore U.S. GAAP. There is also a lack of formal policies and procedures to ensure that U.S. GAAP accounting practices are appropriately and consistently applied.
Equity method accounting
The appropriate process for the equity method of accounting for our investments in TCL and HLGE was not followed and the adjustments made to reflect the equity method of accounting were not properly analyzed and reviewed as part of the consolidation process.
Financial Reporting Standards. Further,statement closing process
We did not maintain effective controls over the Companyfinancial closing process which affected our ability to complete and report our consolidated financial statements in a timely manner. Specifically, policies and procedures for the timelines and activities relating to the closure of our books and the estimation, provision, pre-payment, taxation, accrual and consolidation processes were not formally documented, which resulted in a number of material post-closing adjustments to our books and records.
Related party transactions
We did not have sufficient and complete knowledge of transactions with related parties. We did not maintain a list of related parties and the transactions entered into with such related parties. Lack of controls led to delays in following up on recovery of assets which may result in a financial loss, and discrepancies identified during reconciliation of related party accounts were not resolved and recorded on a timely basis.
Inventory data maintenance
We did not formalize the controls over the review and approval of inventory data input into the SAP system. Specifically, reviews of the price master file maintenance, costing information and production variances were not performed effectively.
Selling price maintenance
We did not maintain effective controls over the selling price maintenance. Specifically, we did not perform adequate independent review of the selling price input into the SAP system.
Information technology
Policies and procedures related to information technology controls were not formally established resulting in control deficiencies such as those relating to access control, segregation of duties in certain areas (such as approval and posting of accounting vouchers, preparation and approval of purchasing invoice in SAP), change management, program migrations, computer operations and systems security. In addition, we utilized various end user computing applications (for example, spreadsheets) to support accounting for financial reporting purposes, which were not adequately protected from unauthorized changes and not adequately reviewed for completeness and accuracy. Management monitoring mechanism was also inadequate to detect operational errors in a timely manner.
Provision for warranty costs
Our principal subsidiary, Yuchai, did not maintain effective controls over the preparation, analysis, documentation and review of the warranty cost provision calculation. Additionally, accounting personnel at the process and monitoring levels did not fully comprehend certain terms of the warranty arrangements resulting in a misinterpretation of the warranty exposure period. These control weaknesses resulted in an inaccurate assessment of the estimated warranty cost per unit, made apparent by a significant change in sales volume. As a result we recorded an adjustment to correct for an understatement of warranty cost provision.
Approvals and authorizations
Controls in place over the authority of management and employees to detect timely all deficienciescommit us and our resources to certain obligations were ineffective in certain instances. In one instance, following preliminary discussions and approval in-principle at the US GAAP information provided by TCL in orderBoard of Directors level, Yuchai management entered into a contract for the Companypurchase of the share capital of another company from related parties. The Board was subsequently advised on the important considerations including final pricing, due diligence efforts and results and possible contingencies, following which an additional contract with the sellers had to properly applybe agreed before the Board ratified the purchase transaction. Additionally, instances of contracts for routine purchases of inventory, equipment and other related payments were noted with dates preceding the evidenced approval dates. Our policies require certain levels of approval prior to committing our resources.

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Remediation Measures
Our management performed analysis and procedures to ensure that the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Accordingly, our management believes that the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report fairly present in all material respects our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented.
For future financial periods and to enhance our internal control over financial reporting, management continues to review and make necessary changes to the overall design of our internal control environment, as well as policies and procedures to improve the overall effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. As previously reported in our annual report on Form 20-F for fiscal year 2006, we have established a project framework which includes a steering committee as well as a project management office led by a full time manager proficient in Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or SOX. We also engaged external consultants to supplement the internal SOX team as well as to provide relevant training to our employees. Frequent meetings involving these parties are conducted to ensure that pertinent tasks relating to management’s assessment of internal control over financial reporting are progressing on track and completed on time. A comprehensive SOX program was implemented in January 2008, which includes reviewing all processes, identifying any deficiencies and weaknesses, documenting them and formulating plans to remediate any identified weaknesses and deficiencies. As of January 30, 2009, remediation measures are underway to remediate identified deficiencies and weaknesses.
In particular, we have implemented and will continue to implement the specific measures described below to remediate the material weaknesses described above. If unremediated, these material weaknesses have the potential to result in our failure to prevent or detect misstatements in its financial statements in future financial periods.
Insufficient U.S GAAP knowledge and resources
We have appointed a dedicated Chief Financial Officer and Group Financial Controller to oversee the financial reporting process. As previously disclosed in our annual report for fiscal year 2006, we have sent, and plan to continue to send on a regular basis, our and Yuchai’s finance personnel for formal training courses to ensure that they have the necessary training and knowledge of U.S. GAAP. In addition, we will seek advice and assistance from external accounting firms on U.S. GAAP as and when necessary. We also plan to recruit finance personnel with U.S. GAAP knowledge.
Equity method accounting
We plan to send on a regular basis our finance personnel for formal training courses to enhance their understanding of the applicable equity method of accounting principles. We also plan to put in place procedures to ensure that the adjustments made to reflect the equity method of accounting. The Company is pro-actively taking stepsaccounting are appropriately analyzed and reviewed as part of the consolidation process.
Financial statement closing process
As previously disclosed in our annual report for fiscal year 2006, we and Yuchai continue to assist TCL managementplan to develop improved systemsand implement a comprehensive and documented policy addressing the timelines for closing activities, and the provision, estimation, prepayment, taxation, accrual and consolidation processes and related guidance. This is in process of implementation and we have put in place procedures to ensure that any changes to the accounts are reviewed prior to being approved and that authorized personnel approves all post-period adjustments. We have put in place procedures for monthly closing activities and are in the process of formalizing such procedures.
Related party transactions
As previously disclosed in our annual report for fiscal year 2006 and as disclosed in this Annual Report, we have seconded senior representatives from our corporate office to key management positions at Yuchai. We have established financial governance approval limits requiring significant expenditures and material projects to be signed jointly by a representative each from Yuchai and the Company. We have started to maintain a list of related party transactions and put in place procedures to ensure that reconciliation of all intercompany balances is performed on a quarterly basis.
Inventory data maintenance
We have implemented an approval matrix for purchasing activities, and put in place procedures on scraps processing to ensure proper disposal and accounting. We plan to strengthen our controls over the review of inventory data by performing independent checks of the cost and relevant information input into the SAP system to ensure the accuracy and integrity of data. Specifically, we are in the process of implementing the following remediation measures:
Independent checks to ensure accurate and complete input of purchase prices in the SAP system, based on approved purchase orders and contracts;
Purchase orders, material issuance, man hour costs and production overheads costs entered in the SAP system are independently checked against source documents;
Information on the Goods Received Notes is reconciled to the records in the SAP system to ensure accurate and complete recording of goods purchased;
Inventory master data maintained in the SAP system is independently checked against source documents;
All purchase returns are reviewed and approved by authorized personnel; and
Variances between standard costs and actual costs are analyzed and reported to proper management on a timely basis.

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Selling price maintenance
We have appointed new personnel to perform independent checks on the selling price maintained in the SAP system and the selling price used to prepare sales invoice to ensure all changes made to the selling price master file in the SAP system are authorized and accurately processed.
Information technology
As previously disclosed in our annual report for fiscal year 2006, we plan to formalize IT policies and procedures to ensure that IT controls are operating effectively. Specifically, we plan to implement periodic reviews to ensure that user access rights in SAP are set up to segregate duties in each business process, such as duties among initiator, approver and poster of accounting entries. The configurations on SAP will be reviewed to enhance system security and integrity. Policies and procedures are being set up to formalize end-user computing controls.
Provision for warranty costs
We have put in place a review process to ensure that calculations of provision for warranty costs are properly computed and recorded, and there are regular updates for the quality and timelinessrelevant personnel on our warranty policy. We have also strengthened management review of the US GAAP information providedaccuracy of calculations and validity of supporting documentation.
Approvals and authorizations
We have stressed to the Company. The Company has specifically informed TCLlocal senior management of Yuchai the importance of observing and complying with the approval process that all significant matters musthas been set in place. To better co-ordinate this, we have since seconded our Chief Operating Officer to be communicated tobased in Yulin where he is concurrently also the Company on a timely basis. The CompanyDeputy Chairman of Yuchai. He and the team in Yuchai will continue to hold regular meetings with TCL management and review closelywork with the TCLlocal management to recordimprove monitoring controls and disclose information receivedstrengthen the approval and authorisation process so that such isolated instances of the past do not recur.
We and Yuchai plan to review and improve on existing authorization and approval policies and procedures and ensure that they are clearly communicated to all employees of both our Company and Yuchai and also ensure that they are followed.
We will also review and improve the contract approval process for routine purchase of inventory, equipment and other capital expenditure requirements of Yuchai which involves the participation of our seconded staff in some cases as part of the authorisation cycle. This will greatly strengthen our control over any material expenditures.
Remediation Measures to address Material Weaknesses identified in 2005 and 2006
As previously reported in our annual report on Form 20-F/A for fiscal year 2005 and our annual report on Form 20-F for fiscal year 2006, our management concluded that as a timely basisresult of the material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting identified in such reports, as appropriate. of the end of the respective periods covered by such annual reports, our internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures were not effective. We continue to engage in efforts to improve our internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures.
In addition to the remediation measures described above, we have implemented the following controls to address the material weaknesses identified and described in our annual reports for fiscal year 2006 and 2005.
GRIR balance
As previously disclosed in our annual report for fiscal year 2006, we have put in place procedures to minimize reliance on manual compilation of the Good Received Notes for determining the GRIR balance. In addition, we have put in place a review process pursuant to which an independent person reviews the data input in SAP to minimize inaccuracies relating to the GRIR balance.
Sales discount calculations
As previously disclosed in our annual report for fiscal year 2006, we have put in place procedures to ensure that sales discounts calculations are properly computed and recorded and Yuchai has formalized and documented such procedures.
We have also continued to implement the recommendations of our Audit Committee described in our annual report on Form 20-F/A for fiscal year 2005 to improve the overall effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Our Audit Committee made the recommendations following the review of errors relating to accounts of Yuchai relating primarily to an understatement of accounts payable of approximately Rmb 167.8 million by Yuchai for the fiscal year 2005 and which resulted in a restatement of our consolidated financial statements for fiscal year 2005.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on internal Controls
The Company will perform analytical reviewreport of our independent registered public accounting firm on the balance sheet and profit and loss statements received on a monthly basis to assess compliance with US GAAP requirements.
     Other than with respect to the execution of the Reorganization Agreement and implementationeffectiveness of the Company’s business diversification planinternal controls over financial reporting is included on page F-2 of this Annual Report.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Except as described elsewhere in this Annual Report, there have beenwere no significantother adverse changes in the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures or in other factorsinternal control over financial reporting that could significantly affect its disclosure controls and proceduresoccurred during the period covered by this report norAnnual Report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. We have there been any significant changes subsequentengaged in, and are continuing to the date the Company completed its evaluation.engage in, substantial efforts to improve our internal control over financial reporting and disclosures and procedures related to substantially all areas of our financial statements and disclosures.
ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.
     As of the date of this report, the Company’s Audit Committee members are Messrs. Tan Aik-Leang (Chairman), Raymond C. K. Ho and Neo Poh Kiat. Please seeKiat and Matthew Richards. See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees” for their experience and qualifications. Pursuant to the SEC’s rules, the Board has designated Mr. Tan Aik-Leang as the Company’s Audit Committee Financial Expert.
ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS.
     The Company adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics Policy in May 2004, which was revised on December 9, 2008, that is applicable to all its directors, senior management and employees. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics Policy contains general guidelines for conducting the business of the Company. The Company will make available a copytext of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics Policy to any person without charge, if a written request is made to the Company’s executive officeposted on our internet website at 16 Raffles Quay #26-00 Hong Leong Building, Singapore 048581.http://www.cyilimited.com/invest_govt.asp. Since adoption of the Company’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics Policy, the Company has not granted any waivers or exemption therefrom.

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ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANTS FEES AND SERVICES.
ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANTS FEES AND SERVICES.
     The following table setsets forth the total remuneration that was paid bybilled to the Company and Yuchai to itsby their independent accountants, KPMG, infor each of our previous two fiscal years:
                     
  Audit fees Audit-related fees Tax fees Others Total
  (Expressed in Rmb thousands)
2004  3,447   331         3,778 
2005  4,404            4,404 
                     
  Audit fees Audit-related fees Tax fees Others Total
  Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb
  (in thousands)
                     
2006  22,484   69         22,553 
2007  12,986            12,986 
*There was an increase in the 2006 audit fee by Rmb10.05 million from the amount previously disclosed in our annual report for fiscal year 2006 as such additional fee was only billed after the filing of our annual report for fiscal year 2006.
     We appointed KPMG LLP in Singapore as our independent auditors with effect from December 12, 2006. This appointment was made at the Special General Meeting of our shareholders in December 2006.
     The report of our previous independent auditors, KPMG Hong Kong, on our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2005 and 2004 and for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2005 did not contain any adverse opinion or disclaimer of opinion, nor was it qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or application of accounting principles. However, KPMG Hong Kong’s report on our consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004 had also contained an emphasis paragraph stating that “the Company recognized a provision for uncollectible loans to a related party in the amount of Rmb 203 million as of December 31, 2005.”
     In connection with the audits of the two fiscal years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004 and through November 6, 2006, there were no disagreements with KPMG Hong Kong on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure or auditing scope or procedure, which disagreements, if not resolved to the satisfaction of KPMG Hong Kong, would have caused them to make reference in connection with their opinion to the subject matter of the disagreement. There were no reportable events as defined in Item 304(a) (1) (v) of Regulation S-K at the time our previous independent auditors resigned.
     Subsequently, but prior to May 30, 2008, KPMG Hong Kong informed the Company’s Audit Committee of certain material weaknesses in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2005, which material weaknesses were disclosed by the Company in the Amendment No. 1 to the Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2005 filed by the Company with the SEC on May 30, 2008.
Audit fees
     Services provided primarily consist of professional services relating to the annual audits of consolidated financial statements as well as statutory audits required by foreign jurisdictions and quarterly reviews.
Audit-related fees
     Services provided primarily consist of services connectedagreed-upon procedures in connection with securities filing documents, issuance of consents, accounting issues research and technical advice.bonds issuance.
Tax fees
     Services provided primarily consist of routine corporate tax advisory services and compilation of corporate tax returns.
Others
     Services provided primarily consist of provision of training and research materials.

65


     The Company’s Audit Committee has pre-approved the terms of KPMG’s engagement by the Company for audit-related services and certain other services (including tax services) not prohibited under the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002, to be performed for the Company during 2006.for fiscal year 2007.
ITEM 16D. EXEMPTION FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES.
     Until May 2005, only two of the three members of the Company’s Audit Committee qualified as independent directors under NYSE rules, and the Company relied upon an exception from the NYSE rule requiring that the Company’s Audit Committee be comprised solely of independent directors. As of May 26, 2005, the Company has changed the composition of its Audit Committee so that it is now fully compliant with the new audit committee requirements promulgated by the SEC and NYSE.
ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES.
Not Applicable.
ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.
ITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.
Not Applicable.

78


     Not Applicable.
PART III
ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
ITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
The Company has elected to provide the financial statements and related information specified in Item 18 in lieu of Item 17.
ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
Index to Financial Statements
China Yuchai International Limited
   
ReportReports of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmFirms F–2F-2
Consolidated Statements of IncomeOperations for Years Ended December 31, 2003, 20042005, 2006 and 20052007 F–3F-5
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 20042006 and 20052007 F–5F-6
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income/(loss) for Years Ended December 31, 2003, 20042005, 2006 and 20052007 F–7F-8
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for Years Ended December 31, 2003, 20042005, 2006 and 20052007 F–8F-10
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F–12F-12
ITEM 19. EXHIBITS.
     Exhibits to this Annual Report:
1.1 Memorandum of Association of China Yuchai International Limited (the “Registrant”) (incorporated herein by reference to the Registration Statement on Form F-1, filed by the Registrant on November 9, 1994 (File No. 33-86162) (the “Form F-1”)).
1.2Bye-laws of the Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to the Form F-1).
3.1Subscription and Shareholders’ Agreement of Diesel Machinery (BVI) Limited, dated November 9, 1994, among Diesel Machinery (BVI) Limited, Hong Leong Asia Ltd. (“HLA”) and China Everbright Holdings Company Limited (“EB Holdings”) (incorporated herein by reference to the Form F-1).
3.2Supplemental Subscription and Shareholders Agreement, dated January 21, 2002, between EB Holdings and HLA (incorporated herein by reference to the Annual Report on Form 20-F for fiscal year ended December 31, 2001, filed by the Registrant on June 25, 2002 (the “Form 20-F FY 2001”).
3.3Second Supplemental Subscription and Shareholders Agreement, dated May 17, 2002, between EB Holdings and HLA (incorporated herein by reference to the Form 20-F FY 2001).
4.1Contract for the Subscription of Foreign Common Shares in Guangxi Yuchai Machinery Company Limited (“Yuchai”) and Conversion from a Joint Stock Limited Company into a Sino-Foreign Joint Stock Limited Company, dated April 1, 1993, among Yuchai, Guangxi Yuchai Machinery Holdings Company, Hong Leong Technology Systems (BVI) Ltd., Cathay

66


Clemente Diesel Holdings Limited, Goldman Sachs Guangxi Holdings (BVI) Ltd., Tsang & Ong Nominees (BVI) Ltd. and Youngstar Holdings Limited, with amendments, dated May 27, 1994 and October 10, 1994 (incorporated herein by reference to the Form F-1).
4.2Subscription and Transfer Agreement (with Shareholders’ Agreement), dated April 1993, among Cathay Clemente (Holdings) Limited, GS Capital Partners L.P., Sun Yuan Overseas Pte Ltd., HL Technology Systems Pte Ltd. and Coomber Investments Limited (incorporated herein by reference to the Form F-1).
4.3Amended and Restated Shareholders’ Agreement, dated as of November 9, 1994 among the Cathay Investment Fund, Limited, GS Capital Partners L.P., HL Technology Systems Pte. Ltd., Coomber Investments Limited, owners of shares formerly held by Sun Yuan Overseas (BVI) Ltd., and the Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to the Form F-1).
4.4Form of Amended and Restated Registration Right Agreement, dated as of November 9, 1994, among the Cathay Investment Fund, Limited, GS Capital Partners L.P., HL Technology Systems Pte. Ltd., Coomber Investments Limited, owners of shares formerly held by Sun Yuan Overseas (BVI) Ltd., and the Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to the Form F-1).
4.5Form of Subscription Agreement between the Registrant, its wholly-owned subsidiaries named therein and Yuchai (incorporated herein by reference to the Form F-1).
4.6Form of Term Loan Agreement between the Registrant and Yuchai (incorporated herein by reference to the Form F-1).
4.7Share Purchase and Subscription Agreement, dated as of November 9, 1994, between (i) the Registrant, (ii) China Everbright Holdings Company Limited and (iii) Coomber Investments Limited (incorporated herein by reference to the Form F-1).
4.8Investment and Shareholders’ Agreement between CACG Limited IV and Guangxi Yuchai Machinery Company Limited, dated July 14, 1994, with a First Amendment dated September 5, 1994 (incorporated herein by reference to the Form F-1).
4.9Employment Agreement, dated September 5, 2003, between Yuchai and Wang Jianming (incorporated herein by reference to the Annual Report on Form 20-F for fiscal year ended December 31, 2003, filed by the Registrant on June 29, 2004 (the “Form 20-F FY 2003”).
4.10Form of indemnification agreement entered into by the Company with each of Wrixon Frank Gasteen, Gao Jia Lin, Gan Khai Choon, Raymond C. K. Ho, Kwek Leng Peck, Liu Chee Ming, Wong Hong Ren, Philip Ting Sii Tien, Lim Poh Lea, Sheila Murugasu, Teo Tong Kooi, Neo Poh Kiat and Tan Aik-Leang (incorporated herein by reference to the Form 20-F FY 2003).
4.11Agreement between the Company and Yuchai, dated July 19, 2003 (incorporated herein by reference to the Form 20-F FY 2003).
4.12Reorganization Agreement between the Company, Coomber and Yuchai, dated April 7, 2005 (incorporated herein by reference to the Form 6-K filed by the Company on April 7, 2005).
4.13Reorganization Agreement Amendment (No. 1) between the Company, Coomber and Yuchai, dated December 2, 2005 (incorporated herein by reference to the Form 6-K filed by the Company on December 6, 2005).
8.1Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
12.1Certifications furnished pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
13.1Certifications furnished pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
14.1Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.EXHIBITS.
     The Company has not included as exhibits certain instruments with respect to its long-term debt, the total amount of debt authorized under each of which does not exceed 10% of its total consolidated assets. The Company agrees to furnish a copy of any such instrument to the SEC upon request.

67


SIGNATURES
     Pursuant to the requirements of Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and has duly caused this Annual Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
   
  
CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITEDExhibits to this Annual Report:
   
By:/s/ Philip Ting Sii Tien
Name: Philip TING Sii Tien
Title:   Chief Financial Officer and Director
Date: August 4, 2006

68


Exhibit Index
Exhibit NumberDescription of Exhibit
1.1 Memorandum of Association of China Yuchai International Limited (“or the Registrant”)Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1, filed by the Registrant on November 9,December 8, 1994 (File No. 33-86162) (the “Form F-1”)), or the Form F-1).
   
1.2 Bye-laws of the Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to the Form F-1).
   
3.1 Subscription and Shareholders’Shareholders Agreement of Diesel Machinery (BVI) Limited, dated November 9, 1994, among Diesel Machinery (BVI) Limited, Hong Leong Asia Ltd. (“HLA”), or Hong Leong Asia, and China Everbright Holdings Company Limited, (“EB Holdings”)or China Everbright Holdings (incorporated herein by reference to Amendment no. 2 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1)F-1, filed by the Registrant on December 14, 1994 (File No. 33-86162)).
   
3.2 Supplemental Subscription and Shareholders Agreement, dated January 21, 2002, between EBChina Everbright Holdings and HLAHong Leong Asia (incorporated herein by reference to the Annual Report on Form 20-F FY 2001)for fiscal year ended December 31, 2001, filed by the Registrant on June 25, 2002 (File No. 001-013522), or Form 20-F FY2001).
   
3.3 Second Supplemental Subscription and Shareholders Agreement, dated May 17, 2002, between EBChina Everbright Holdings and HLAHong Leong Asia (incorporated herein by reference to the Form 20-F FY 2001)FY2001).
   
4.1 Contract for the Subscription of Foreign Common shares in Guangxi Yuchai Machinery Company Limited, (“Yuchai”)or Yuchai, and Conversion from a Joint Stock Limited Company into a Sino-Foreign Joint Stock Limited Company, dated April 1, 1993, among Yuchai, Guangxi Yuchai Machinery Holdings Company, Hong Leong Technology Systems (BVI) Ltd., Cathay Clemente Diesel Holdings Limited, Goldman Sachs Guangxi Holdings (BVI) Ltd., Tsang & Ong Nominees (BVI) Ltd. and Youngstar Holdings Limited with amendments, dated May 27, 1994 and October 10, 1994 (incorporated herein by reference to the Form F-1).
   
4.2 Subscription and Transfer Agreement (with Shareholders’ Agreement), dated April 1993, among Cathay Clemente (Holdings) Limited, GS Capital Partners L.P., Sun Yuan Overseas Pte Ltd., HL Technology Systems Pte Ltd.Ltd and Coomber Investments Limited (incorporated herein by reference to the Registration Statement on Form F-1)F-1, filed by the Registrant on November 9, 1994 (File No. 33-86162)).
   
4.3 Amended and Restated Shareholders’ Agreement, dated as of November 9, 1994 among The Cathay Investment Fund, Limited, GS Capital Partners L.P., HL Technology Systems Pte.Pte Ltd, Hong Leong Asia Ltd., Coomber Investments Limited, China Everbright Holdings Company Limited, Diesel Machinery (BVI) Limited, owners of shares formerly held by Sun Yuan Overseas (BVI) Ltd. and the Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to the Form F-1).
   
4.4 Form of Amended and Restated Registration Right Agreement, dated as of November 9, 1994, among The Cathay Investment Fund, Limited, GS Capital Partners L.P., HL Technology Systems Pte. Ltd.,Pte Ltd, Coomber Investments Limited, owners of shares

79


formerly held by Sun Yuan Overseas (BVI) Ltd. and the Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1)F-1, filed by the Registrant on December 15, 1994 (File No. 33-86162)).
   
4.5 Form of Subscription Agreement between the Registrant and its wholly-owned subsidiaries named therein and Yuchai (incorporated herein by reference to Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1)F-1, filed by the Registrant on December 14, 1994 (File no. 33-86162)).
   
4.6 Form of Term Loan Agreement between the Registrant and Yuchai (incorporated herein by reference to Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1)F-1, filed by the Registrant on December 14, 1994 (File No. 33-86162)).
   
4.7 Share Purchase and Subscription Agreement, dated as of November 9, 1994, between (i) the Registrant, (ii) China Everbright Holdings Company Limited and (iii) Coomber Investments Limited (incorporated herein by reference to the Form F-1).
   
4.8 InvestmentForm of indemnification agreement entered into by the Registrant with its officers and Shareholders’ Agreement between CACG Limited IV and Guangxi Yuchai Machinery Company Limited, dated July 14, 1994 with a First Amendment dated September 5, 1994 (incorporated herein by reference to the Form F-1).
4.9Employment Agreement, dated September 5, 2003, between Yuchai and Wang Jianmingdirectors (incorporated herein by reference to the Annual Report on Form 20-F for fiscal year ended December 31, 2003, filed by the Registrant on June 29, 2004, (the “Form 20-F FY 2003”).

69


Exhibit NumberDescription of Exhibit
4.10Form of indemnification agreement entered into by the Company with each of Wrixon Frank Gasteen, Gao Jia Lin, Gan Khai Choon, Raymond C. K. Ho, Kwek Leng Peck, Liu Chee Ming, Wong Hong Ren, Philip Ting Sii Tien, Lim Poh Lea, Sheila Murugasu, Teo Tong Kooi, Neo Poh Kiat and Tan Aik-Leang (incorporated herein by reference to theor Form 20-F FY 2003)FY2003).
   
4.114.9 Agreement between the CompanyRegistrant and Yuchai, dated July 19, 2003 (incorporated herein by reference to the Form 20-F FY 2003)FY2003).
   
4.124.10 Reorganization Agreement between the Company, Coomber and Yuchai, dated April 7, 2005 (incorporated herein by reference to the Current Report on Form 6-K filed by the CompanyRegistrant on April 7, 2005)2005 (File No. 001-13522)).
   
4.134.11 Reorganization Agreement Amendment (No. 1) between the Company,Registrant, Coomber and Yuchai, dated December 2, 2005 (incorporated herein by reference to the Current Report on Form 6-K filed by the CompanyRegistrant on December 6, 2005)2005 (File No. 001-13522)).
4.12Reorganization Agreement Amendment (No. 2) between the Registrant, Coomber and Yuchai, dated November 30, 2006 (incorporated herein by reference to the Current Report on Form 6-K filed by the Registrant on November 30, 2006 (File No. 001-13522)).
4.13Cooperation Agreement among the Registrant, Yuchai, Coomber and Guangxi Yuchai Machinery Group Company Limited, dated June 30, 2007 (incorporated herein by reference to the Current Report on Form 6-K filed by the Registrant on July 5, 2007 (File No. 001-13522)).
   
8.1 Subsidiaries of the Registrant. (Filed herewith)
   
12.1 Certifications furnished pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. (Filed herewith)
   
13.1 Certifications furnished pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
14.1Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. (Filed herewith)
The Company has not included as exhibits certain instruments with respect to its long-term debt, the total amount of debt authorized under each of which does not exceed 10% of its total consolidated assets. We agreeThe Company agrees to furnish a copy of any such instrument to the SEC upon request.

7080


SIGNATURES
     The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this Annual Report on its behalf.
CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED
By:  /s/ Teo Tong Kooi  
Name:  Teo Tong Kooi 
Title:  President and Director 
Date: January 30, 2009 

81


Exhibit Index
Exhibit
NumberDescription of Exhibit
1.1Memorandum of Association of China Yuchai International Limited or the Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1, filed by the Registrant on December 8, 1994 (File No. 33-86162), or the Form F-1).
1.2Bye-laws of the Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to the Form F-1).
3.1Subscription and Shareholders Agreement of Diesel Machinery (BVI) Limited, dated November 9, 1994, among Diesel Machinery (BVI) Limited, Hong Leong Asia Ltd., or Hong Leong Asia, and China Everbright Holdings Company Limited, or China Everbright Holdings (incorporated herein by reference to Amendment no. 2 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1, filed by the Registrant on December 14, 1994 (File No. 33-86162)).
3.2Supplemental Subscription and Shareholders Agreement, dated January 21, 2002, between China Everbright Holdings and Hong Leong Asia (incorporated herein by reference to the Annual Report on Form 20-F for fiscal year ended December 31, 2001, filed by the Registrant on June 25, 2002 (File No. 001-013522), or Form 20-F FY2001).
3.3Second Supplemental Subscription and Shareholders Agreement, dated May 17, 2002, between China Everbright Holdings and Hong Leong Asia (incorporated herein by reference to the Form 20-F FY2001).
4.1Contract for the Subscription of Foreign Common shares in Guangxi Yuchai Machinery Company Limited, or Yuchai, and Conversion from a Joint Stock Limited Company into a Sino-Foreign Joint Stock Limited Company, dated April 1, 1993, among Yuchai, Guangxi Yuchai Machinery Holdings Company, Hong Leong Technology Systems (BVI) Ltd., Cathay Clemente Diesel Holdings Limited, Goldman Sachs Guangxi Holdings (BVI) Ltd., Tsang & Ong Nominees (BVI) Ltd. and Youngstar Holdings Limited with amendments, dated May 27, 1994 and October 10, 1994 (incorporated herein by reference to the Form F-1).
4.2Subscription and Transfer Agreement (with Shareholders’ Agreement), dated April 1993, among Cathay Clemente (Holdings) Limited, GS Capital Partners L.P., Sun Yuan Overseas Pte Ltd., HL Technology Systems Pte Ltd and Coomber Investments Limited (incorporated herein by reference to the Registration Statement on Form F-1, filed by the Registrant on November 9, 1994 (File No. 33-86162)).
4.3Amended and Restated Shareholders’ Agreement, dated as of November 9, 1994 among The Cathay Investment Fund, Limited, GS Capital Partners L.P., HL Technology Systems Pte Ltd, Hong Leong Asia Ltd., Coomber Investments Limited, China Everbright Holdings Company Limited, Diesel Machinery (BVI) Limited, owners of shares formerly held by Sun Yuan Overseas (BVI) Ltd. and the Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to the Form F-1).
4.4Form of Amended and Restated Registration Right Agreement, dated as of November 9, 1994, among The Cathay Investment Fund, Limited, GS Capital Partners L.P., HL Technology Systems Pte Ltd, Coomber Investments Limited, owners of shares formerly held by Sun Yuan Overseas (BVI) Ltd. and the Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1, filed by the Registrant on December 15, 1994 (File No. 33-86162)).
4.5Form of Subscription Agreement between the Registrant and its wholly-owned subsidiaries named therein and Yuchai (incorporated herein by reference to Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1, filed by the Registrant on December 14, 1994 (File no. 33-86162)).
4.6Form of Term Loan Agreement between the Registrant and Yuchai (incorporated herein by reference to Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1, filed by the Registrant on December 14, 1994 (File No. 33-86162)).
4.7Share Purchase and Subscription Agreement, dated as of November 9, 1994, between the Registrant, China Everbright Holdings Company Limited and Coomber Investments Limited (incorporated herein by reference to the Form F-1).
4.8Form of indemnification agreement entered into by the Registrant with its officers and directors (incorporated herein by reference to the Annual Report on Form 20-F for fiscal year ended December 31, 2003, filed by the Registrant on June 29, 2004, or Form 20-F FY2003).
4.9Agreement between the Registrant and Yuchai, dated July 19, 2003 (incorporated herein by reference to the Form 20-F FY2003).

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Exhibit
NumberDescription of Exhibit
4.10Reorganization Agreement between the Company, Coomber and Yuchai, dated April 7, 2005 (incorporated herein by reference to the Current Report on Form 6-K filed by the Registrant on April 7, 2005 (File No. 001-13522)).
4.11Reorganization Agreement Amendment (No. 1) between the Registrant, Coomber and Yuchai, dated December 2, 2005 (incorporated herein by reference to the Current Report on Form 6-K filed by the Registrant on December 6, 2005 (File No. 001-13522)).
4.12Reorganization Agreement Amendment (No. 2) between the Registrant, Coomber and Yuchai, dated November 30, 2006 (incorporated herein by reference to the Current Report on Form 6-K filed by the Registrant on November 30, 2006 (File No. 001-13522)).
4.13Cooperation Agreement among the Registrant, Yuchai, Coomber and Guangxi Yuchai Machinery Group Company Limited, dated June 30, 2007 (incorporated herein by reference to the Current Report on Form 6-K filed by the Registrant on July 5, 2007 (File No. 001-13522)).
8.1Subsidiaries of the Registrant. (Filed herewith)
12.1Certifications furnished pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. (Filed herewith)
13.1Certifications furnished pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. (Filed herewith)
The Company has not included as exhibits certain instruments with respect to its long-term debt, the total amount of debt authorized under each of which does not exceed 10% of its total consolidated assets. The Company agrees to furnish a copy of any such instrument to the SEC upon request.

83


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED

AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2003, 20042005, 2006 AND 2005
(With Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm)2007
Index to Financial Statements
China Yuchai International Limited

F - 1F-1


REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED
PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
China Yuchai International Limited:
We have audited China Yuchai International Limited’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established inInternal Control-Integrated Frameworkissued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). China Yuchai International Limited’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanyingManagement’s Assessment of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.Our responsibility is to express an opinion on China Yuchai International Limited’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Certain material weaknesses have been identified and included in management’s assessment related to China Yuchai International Limited’s (1) insufficient U.S. GAAP knowledge and resources, (2) equity method accounting, (3) financial statement closing process, (4) related party transactions, (5) inventory data maintenance, (6) selling price maintenance, (7) information technology, (8) provision for warranty costs and (9) approvals and authorizations.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of China Yuchai International Limited as of December 31, 2006 and 2007 and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income, and cash flows for the years then ended. These material weaknesses were considered in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the 2007 consolidated financial statements, and this report does not affect our report dated January 30, 2009, which expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
In our opinion, because of the effect of the aforementioned material weaknesses on the achievement of the objectives of the control criteria, China Yuchai International Limited has not maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established inInternal Control-Integrated Frameworkissued by COSO.
We do not express an opinion or any other form of assurance on management’s statements referring to remediation measures to address material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Singapore
January 30, 2009

F-2


REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED
PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To theThe Board of Directors and Stockholders
Shareholders
China Yuchai International Limited
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of China Yuchai International Limited (the “Company”) and subsidiaries as of December 31, 20042006 and 2005,2007, and the related consolidated statements of income,operations, stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2005, all expressed in Renminbi.then ended. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of China Yuchai International Limited and subsidiaries as of December 31, 20042006 and 2005,2007, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year periodthen ended, December 31, 2005 in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
As more fully described in Note 5 and Note 34 to the consolidated financial statements, on December 25, 2007 a subsidiary of the Company recognizedpurchased a provision for uncollectible100% equity interest in Guangxi Yulin Hotel Company Ltd (“Yulin Hotel Company”) from certain related parties in contemplation of the settlement of loans todue from Yuchai Marketing Company Limited (YMCL), which is also a related partyparty. The recoverability of the loans due from YMCL was previously considered impaired and a loss provision and corresponding valuation allowance in the amount of Rmb205Rmb 203 million was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2005. Although management of the Company has concluded the subsidiary of the Company is the legal owner of the shares in Yulin Hotel Company and the subsidiary also bears the risks and rewards of ownership in the corresponding operations of Yulin Hotel Company as of December 25, 2007, the transfer of the equity interest was subject to the approval of the appropriate government regulatory agency in the People’s Republic of China. Consequently, no recovery for the previously recorded impairment loss on the loans due from YMCL has been recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2005. Further, as described in Note 34, the Company entered into certain material transactions subsequent to December 31, 2005.2007. The approval was subsequently obtained on January 13, 2009.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 20052007 have been translated into U.S. dollars solely for the convenience of the reader. We have audited the translation and, in our opinion, the consolidated financial statements expressed in Renminbi have been translated into U.S. dollars on the basis set forth in Note 3(i) to the consolidated financial statements.


We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), China Yuchai International Limited’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established inInternal Control — Integrated Frameworkissued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated January 30, 2009, expressed an adverse opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
/s/ KPMG LLP
CertifiedSingapore
January 30, 2009

F-3


REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
China Yuchai International Limited
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and comprehensive loss, and cash flows of China Yuchai International Limited and subsidiaries for the year ended December 31, 2005. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Accountants
Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the results of operations and the cash flows of China Yuchai International Limited and subsidiaries for the year ended December 31, 2005, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
As further described in Note 2(b) to the consolidated financial statements, the consolidated financial statements of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2005 were restated for the correction of certain accounting errors.
As described in Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company recognized a provision for uncollectible loans to a related party in the amount of Rmb203 million as of December 31, 2005.
/s/ KPMG
Hong Kong
August 4, 2006, except as to Note 2(b) which is as of May 15, 2008
F-2

F-4


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
OPERATIONS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 20042005, 2006 AND 20052007

(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
                     
      Years ended December 31, 
  Note  2003  2004  2005  2005 
      Rmb  Rmb  Rmb  US$ 
                     
Revenues, net(a)
  3(k), 27, 28, 33   4,569,950   5,582,095   5,829,431   722,340 
                     
Cost of goods sold(a)
  4, 27   (3,192,794)  (4,006,886)  (4,527,046)  (560,958)
                 
                     
Gross profit
      1,377,156   1,575,209   1,302,385   161,382 
                     
Research and development costs
  3(m)  (94,594)  (136,960)  (123,876)  (15,350)
                     
Selling, general and administrative
expenses
(a)
  3(m), 4, 14, 27   (561,151)  (658,320)  (807,350)  (100,041)
                     
Provision for uncollectible loans to a related party
  5         (205,000)  (25,402)
                     
Gain on transfer of lease prepayment to a related party
  27         2,533   314 
                 
                     
Operating income
      721,411   779,929   168,692   20,903 
                     
Interest expense
  3(s), 6, 28   (23,624)  (31,757)  (70,527)  (8,739)
                     
Equity in losses of affiliates
            (5,106)  (633)
                     
Other (expenses)/income, net(a)
  7   (881)  5,682   24,183   2,997 
                 
                     
Income before income taxes and minority interests
      696,906   753,854   117,242   14,528 
                     
Income taxes
  8   (112,924)  (105,165)  (20,875)  (2,587)
                 
                     
Income before minority interests
      583,982   648,689   96,367   11,941 
                     
Minority interests in income of consolidated subsidiaries
      (145,800)  (157,292)  (27,880)  (3,455)
                 
                     
Net income
      438,182   491,397   68,487   8,486 
                     
                 

F - 3


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
                     
      Years ended December 31,
  Note 2005 2006 2007 2007
      Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
Revenues, net(a)
  3(k),27,28,33(a)  5,816,740   6,920,528   9,556,303   1,398,224 
Cost of goods sold(a)
  4, 27   (4,673,357)  (5,648,407)  (7,611,585)  (1,113,684)
                     
Gross profit
      1,143,383   1,272,121   1,944,718   284,540 
Research and development costs
  3(m)   (123,793)  (167,653)  (153,146)  (22,407)
Selling, general and administrative expenses (a)
  3(m),4,14,27   (793,153)  (801,830)  (951,589)  (139,231)
Provision for uncollectible loans to a related party
  5   (202,950)         
Gain on transfer of land use rights to a related party
  27   2,533   1,841   1,573   230 
                     
Operating income
      26,020   304,479   841,556   123,132 
Interest expense
  6, 28   (70,527)  (117,491)  (125,244)  (18,325)
Equity in net income/(loss),net of affiliates
  17   (6,032)  (22,449)  14,048   2,055 
Other income, net(a)
  7,27   25,449   38,856   53,554   7,836 
                     
Earnings/(loss) before income taxes and minority interests
      (25,090)  203,395   783,914   114,698 
Income taxes
  8   (10,148)  (30,466)  (68,518)  (10,025)
                     
Income/(loss) before minority interests
      (35,238)  172,929   715,396   104,673 
Minority interests in (income)/loss of consolidated subsidiaries
      2,947   (61,645)  (189,927)  (27,789)
                     
Net income/(loss)
      (32,291)  111,284   525,469   76,884 
                     
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005 (CONTINUED)

(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
                     
      Years ended December 31, 
  Note  2003  2004  2005  2005 
      Rmb  Rmb  Rmb  US$ 
Net earnings per common share
                    
Basic  3(l)  12.40   13.90   1.88   0.23 
                 
 
Diluted  3(l)  12.40   13.90   1.88   0.23 
                 
                 
                     
Weighted average number of shares
                    
                     
Basic  3(l)  35,340,000   35,340,000   36,459,635   36,459,635 
                 
 
Diluted  3(l)  35,340,000   35,340,000   36,459,635   36,459,635 
                 
                 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
                     
      Years ended December 31,
  Note 2005 2006 2007 2007
      Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
Earnings/ (loss) per common share
                    
Basic  3(l)  (0.89)  2.99   14.10   2.06 
                     
Diluted  3(l)  (0.89)  2.99   14.10   2.06 
                     
Weighted average number of shares
                    
Basic  3(l)  36,459,635   37,267,673   37,267,673   37,267,673 
                     
Diluted  3(l)  36,459,635   37,267,673   37,267,673   37,267,673 
                     
(a) Includes the following income and expenses resulting from transactions with related parties in addition to those indicated above (see NoteNotes 5 and 27)
                
 2003 2004 2005 2005                 
 Rmb Rmb Rmb US$  2005 2006 2007 2007
 Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
Revenues, net
 24,957 4,537 7,646 947  7,646 86,652 94,901 13,885 
 
Cost of goods sold
  (93,056)  (250,549)  (417,816)  (51,772)  (417,816)  (592,535)  (573,926)  (83,974)
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
  (97,240)  (90,790)  (186,759)  (23,141)  (186,759)  (124,376)  (149,964)  (21,942)
 
Other (expenses)/income, net
   11,922 1,477 
         
Other income, net
 11,922 10,622 11,664 1,707 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F - 4F-5


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 20042006 AND 20052007

(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
                                
 December 31,    As of December 31,
 Note 2004 2005 2005  Note 2006 2007 2007
 Rmb Rmb US$  Rmb Rmb US$
ASSETS
  
  
Current assets
  
Cash and cash equivalents 722,672 736,195 91,224   33(g)  745,933 520,945 76,222 
Trade accounts receivable, net  9, 18(a) 875,565 1,146,227 142,032 
Trade accounts and bills receivable, net 9 1,480,918 3,107,785 454,714 
Amounts due from related parties 10, 27 85,614 233,188 28,895  10, 27 158,512 143,652 21,018 
Loans to a related party 5 205,000   
Loans receivable from a related party, net 5 2,050 2,050 300 
Loans to customers, net 11  7,904 979  11 11,486 3,361 492 
Inventories, net 12 1,346,545 1,636,283 202,756 
Prepaid expenses, net 58,565 138,322 17,140 
Inventories 12 1,565,183 1,647,025 240,983 
Prepaid expenses 93,977 31,752 4,646 
Other receivables, net 13 115,414 140,203 17,373  13 140,069 97,074 14,203 
Income taxes recoverable  43,526 5,394  10,750 27,990 4,095 
Deferred income taxes 8 69,704 88,783 11,001  8 112,779 114,361 16,733 
       
        
Total current assets
 3,479,079 4,170,631 516,794  4,321,657 5,695,995 833,406 
  
Property, plant and equipment, net  14, 18(a) 1,158,931 1,442,515 178,746  14, 34 1,795,405 2,158,246 315,782 
Construction in progress 15 379,035 459,902 56,988  15 288,559 184,921 27,057 
Lease prepayments, net 16 74,767 70,608 8,749 
Investments 17 7,053 191,974 23,788 
Lease prepayments 16, 34 124,944 168,002 24,581 
Investments in affiliates 17 508,246 505,009 73,890 
Other investments 17 640,192 615,201 90,013 
Goodwill 212,636 212,636 26,348   3(n)  212,636 218,311 31,942 
Deferred income taxes 8 72,747 65,519 8,119  8 69,718 33,499 4,901 
       
        
Total assets
 5,384,248 6,613,785 819,532  7,961,357 9,579,184 1,401,572 
        
        
 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
LIABILITIES, MINORITY INTERESTS AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
  
Current liabilities
  
Short-term bank loans  18(a) 430,000 812,835 100,721   18(a)  1,009,134 819,164 119,855 
Current instalments of long-term bank loans  18(b)  100,000 12,391 
Amount due to the holding company 27 4,143 4,301 533 
Amounts due to the holding company 27 3,226 5,278 772 
Amounts due to related parties 10, 27 42,686 75,189 9,317  5, 10, 27 77,911 380,521 55,676 
Trade accounts payable 1,089,717 1,642,980 203,586  2,132,798 2,509,962 367,243 
Income taxes payable 25,387 4,208 521  1,789 5,663 829 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 20 484,920 571,717 70,843  20 639,350 946,675 138,512 
              
Total current liabilities
 3,864,208 4,667,263 682,887 
Long-term bank loans, excluding current installments  18(b)  675,454 767,929 112,359 
        
Total current liabilities
 2,076,853 3,211,230 397,912 
Total liabilities
 4,539,662 5,435,192 795,246 
        
Long-term bank loans, excluding current instalments  18(b) 100,000 50,000 6,196 
       
 
Total liabilities carried forward
 2,176,853 3,261,230 404,108 
 
       

F - 5F-6


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
AS OF DECEMBER, 31, 20042006 AND 20052007 (CONTINUED)

(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
                
 December 31,                
 Note 2004 2005 2005  As of December 31,
 Rmb Rmb US$  Note 2006 2007 2007
                 Rmb Rmb US$
Total liabilities brought forward
      2,176,853   3,261,230   404,108  4,539,662 5,435,192 795,246 
                
                
                       
Minority interests
      724,311   685,514   84,944  693,296 849,527 124,299 
                       
                 
Stockholders’ equity
                 
                 
Common stock      30,349   31,945   3,958  31,945 31,945 4,674 
Ordinary shares US$0.10 par value:
authorized 100,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 37,267,673 shares at December 31, 2005 (December 31, 2004: 35,340,000 shares)
                
Special share US$0.10 par value:
authorized 1 share; issued and outstanding 1 share at December 31, 2004 and 2005
           
Ordinary shares US$0.10 par value: authorized 100,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 37,267,673 shares at December 31, 2006 and 2007 
Special share US$0.10 par value: authorized 1 share; issued and outstanding 1 share at December 31, 2006 and 2007    
Contributed surplus      1,486,934   1,692,251   209,691  1,692,251 1,692,251 247,601 
Statutory reserves  22   266,229   269,017   33,335  22 267,586 270,339 39,555 
Accumulated other comprehensive income         28,851   3,575 
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net 85,643 154,580 22,617 
Retained earnings      699,572   644,977   79,921  650,974 1,145,350 167,580 
                       
                
Total stockholders’ equity
      2,483,084   2,667,041   330,480  2,728,399 3,294,465 482,027 
                
Commitments and contingencies 23, 24              5, 23, 24    
                       
Total liabilities, minority interests and stockholders’ equity
 7,961,357 9,579,184 1,401,572 
                       
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
      5,384,248   6,613,785   819,532 
                
                
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F - 6F-7


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOMEINCOME/(LOSS)
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 20042005, 2006 AND 20052007

(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
                                                        
 Accumulated    Accumulated  
 other Total  other Total
 Common Contributed Statutory Retained comprehensive stockholders’  Common Contributed Statutory Retained comprehensive stockholders’
 Note stock surplus reserves earnings income equity  Note stock surplus reserves earnings income equity
 Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb  Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb
Balance at January 1, 2005 30,349 1,486,934 266,229 699,572  2,483,084 
              
Balance at January 1, 2003 30,349 1,486,934 170,806 473,814  2,161,903 
2005
 
Net loss     (32,291)   (32,291)
 
Net unrealized gains on investment securities held by an affiliate, net of nil tax     38,869 38,869 
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of nil tax      (10,018)  (10,018)
   
Comprehensive loss  (3,440)
   
Transfer to statutory reserves 22   357  (357)   
Shares issued in connection with 
— Conversion of convertible debt into 1,927,673 common shares 19 1,596 205,317    206,913 
Dividend declared (US$0.39 per share)     (120,294)   (120,294)
             
Balance at December 31, 2005 31,945 1,692,251 266,586 546,630 28,851 2,566,263 
2006
 
Net income    438,182  438,182     111,284  111,284 
Transfer to statutory reserves 22   59,114  (59,114)   
Dividend declared (US$2.08 per share)     (608,398)   (608,398)
             
 
Balance at December 31, 2003 30,349 1,486,934 229,920 244,484  1,991,687 
 
Net income    491,397  491,397 
Transfer to statutory reserves 22   36,309  (36,309)   
             
 
Balance at December 31, 2004 30,349 1,486,934 266,229 699,572  2,483,084 
 
Net income    68,487  68,487 
Net unrealized appreciation in fair value of investment securities held by an affiliate, net of nil tax     38,869 38,869 
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of nil tax      (10,018)  (10,018)
Net unrealized gains on investment securities, net of nil tax and reclassification adjustments(a)
     56,840 56,840 
Net unrealized gains on investment securities held by an affiliate, net of nil tax     3,201 3,201 
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of nil tax      (3,249)  (3,249)
      
Comprehensive income 97,338  168,076 
   
Transfer to statutory reserves 22   2,788  (2,788)    22   1,000  (1,000)   
Shares issued in connection with
— Conversion of 2% convertible debt, 1,927,673 shares 19 1,596 205,317    206,913 
Dividend declared (US$0.39 per share)     (120,294)   (120,294)
Dividend declared (US$0.02 per share)     (5,940)   (5,940)
                          
 
Balance at December 31, 2005 31,945 1,692,251 269,017 644,977 28,851 2,667,041 
 
             
 
Balance at December 31, 2005 (in US$) 3,958 209,691 33,335 79,921 3,575 330,480 
 
             
Balance at December 31, 2006 31,945 1,692,251 267,586 650,974 85,643 2,728,399 

F-8


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS)
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
                             
                      Accumulated  
                      other Total
      Common Contributed Statutory Retained comprehensive stockholders’
  Note stock surplus reserves earnings income equity
      Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb
2007
                            
Net income               525,469      525,469 
Net unrealized gains on investment securities, net of nil tax(a)
                  80,612   80,612 
Net unrealized gains on investment securities held by an affiliate, net of nil tax                  13,283   13,283 
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of nil tax                  (24,958)  (24,958)
                             
Comprehensive income                          594,406 
                             
Transfer to statutory reserves  22         2,753   (2,753)      
Dividend declared (US$0.10 per share)               (28,340)     (28,340)
                             
Balance at December 31, 2007      31,945   1,692,251   270,339   1,145,350   154,580   3,294,465 
                             
Balance at December 31, 2007 (in US$)      4,674   247,601   39,555   167,580   22,617   482,027 
                             
                             
(a) Components of net unrealized gains on investment securities:                      2006   2007 
Unrealized holdings gains arising during the year                      97,332   98,090 
Redemption of investment securities in an affiliate taken to net income                      (19,550)  (17,478)
Investment in affiliate upon conversion (Note 17 (b)(i))                      (20,942)   
                             
Net unrealized gains on investment securities                      56,840   80,612 
                             
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F - 7F-9


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 20042005, 2006 AND 20052007

(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands)
                 
  Years ended December 31, 
  2003  2004  2005  2005 
  Rmb  Rmb  Rmb  US$ 
                 
Cash provided by operating activities
                
                 
Net income  438,182   491,397   68,487   8,486 
                 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:                
— Depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment, and lease prepayments  125,519   132,789   139,720   17,313 
— Provision for uncollectible loans to a related party        205,000   25,402 
— Impairment of property, plant and equipment  12,405          
— Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment  3,359   12,998   10,474   1,298 
— Gain on transfer of land use rights to a related party        (2,533)  (314)
— Deferred income taxes  6,253   1,116   (11,851)  (1,468)
— Provision for losses on guarantees        12,318   1,526 
— Equity in losses of affiliates        5,106   633 
— Dividend received from an affiliated company        7,815   968 
— Minority interests  145,800   157,292   27,880   3,455 
                 
(Increase)/decrease in assets                
— Inventories, net  (34,105)  (469,211)  (289,738)  (35,902)
— Amounts due from related parties, net  (36,446)  (5,534)  (115,071)  (14,259)
— Trade accounts receivable, net  153,524   (25,954)  (270,662)  (33,538)
— Prepaid expenses, net  64,752   (21,069)  (79,757)  (9,883)
— Other receivables, net  9,885   (106,581)  (24,789)  (3,072)
                 
  Years ended December 31,
  2005 2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
Cash provided by operating activities
                
                 
Net income/ (loss)  (32,291)  111,284   525,469   76,884 
                 
Adjustments to reconcile net income/ (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:                
— Depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment  141,333   142,860   223,304   32,673 
— Lease prepayment charged to expense  3,339   3,328   4,702   688 
— Provision for uncollectible loans to a related party  202,950          
— Impairment of property, plant and equipment     2,346   781   114 
— Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment  10,474   1,598   5,926   867 
— Gain on transfer of land use rights to a related party  (2,533)  (1,841)  (1,573)  (230)
— Deferred income tax expense/(benefit)  (20,050)  (19,996)  34,637   5,068 
— Provision for losses/(recoveries) on guarantees  12,318   (7,410)  (4,237)  (620)
— Equity in losses/(income) of affiliates, net  6,032   21,261   (14,048)  (2,055)
— Dividend received from other investments  7,815          
— Minority interests  (2,947)  61,645   189,927   27,789 
— Gain on redemption of other investments     (28,457)  (17,478)  (2,557)
— Loss on dilution of investments in affiliates     1,188   2,591   378 
— Net loss/(gain) on changes in fair value of embedded derivatives     3,617   (6,139)  (898)
— Exchange loss on financing activities     38,388   38,622   5,651 
— Bad debt expense/(credit)  25,587   21,582   (11,008)  (1,611)
                 
(Increase)/decrease in assets                
— Inventories  (321,890)  103,252   (81,842)  (11,975)
— Amounts due from related parties, net  (115,074)  77,401   52,088   7,621 
— Trade accounts and bills receivable  (328,875)  (323,647)  (1,615,859)  (236,423)
— Prepaid expenses  (79,757)  44,345   62,225   9,104 
— Other receivables, net  (20,237)  (4,417)  50,804   7,433 
— Loans to customers, net  (7,904)  (3,582)  8,125   1,189 
                 
— Income taxes recoverable/(payable), net  (67,232)  32,885   (13,366)  (1,956)
                 
Increase/(decrease) in liabilities                
— Trade accounts payable  710,726   332,355   377,164   55,185 
— Accrued expenses and other liabilities  112,828   25,236   271,687   39,752 
— Amount due to holding company  158   (1,075)  2,052    300 
                 
Net cash provided by operating activities
  234,770   634,146   84,554   12,371 
                 
                 
Cash flow from investing activities
                
Purchase of property, plant and equipment and construction in progress (includes interest capitalized)  (515,359)  (323,781)  (265,258)  (38,811)
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment  3,826   2,134   5,236    766 
Proceeds from disposal of land use rights  3,580   2,394   2,125    311 
Repayment of loans by a related party  205,000          
Loans to a related party  (205,000)         
Purchase of investments  (161,358)  (923,101)      
Proceeds from disposal of other investments773113
Prepayments for land use right     (59,497)  (31)  (4)
Proceeds from redemption of investment securities     11,907   88,652   12,971 
                 
Net cash used in investing activities
  (669,311)  (1,289,944)  (168,503)  (24,654)
                 
                 
Cash flow from financing activities
                
Proceeds from short-term bank loans  1,188,178   974,978   649,164   94,982 

F - 8F-10


                 
  Years ended December 31,
  2005 2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
Proceeds from long-term bank loans  50,000   687,473   197,044   28,830 
Proceeds from issuance of convertible debt  206,913          
Repayments of short-term and long term bank loans  (805,343)  (962,835)  (933,533)  (136,589)
Dividends paid by subsidiaries to minority stockholders  (66,677)  (23,036)  (22,316)  (3,265)
Dividends paid to stockholders  (120,294)  (5,940)  (28,340)  (4,147)
Capital contributions from minority interests2,920427
                 
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities
  452,777   670,640   (135,061)  (19,762)
                 
Effect of foreign currency exchange on cash and cash equivalents
  (4,713)  (5,104)  (5,978)  (874)
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
  13,523   9,738   (224,988)  (32,919)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
  722,672   736,195   745,933   109,141 
                 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
  736,195   745,933   520,945   76,222 
                 
                 
  Years ended December 31,
  2005 2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information
                
                 
Cash paid during the year for:                
— Interest, net of amount capitalized  70,527   117,491   125,860   18,415 
— Income taxes  97,431   21,012   47,247   6,913 
                 
CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIESSignificant non-cash investing and financing transactions
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBERDuring 2005, the convertible debt issued was converted to 1,927,673 ordinary shares of the Company (see Note 19).
During 2006, the Company settled the amounts payable for the acquisitions of certain new debt and equity securities issued by an affiliated company and the amounts receivable from redemption of its existing investment in debt securities of the same affiliated company with a net cash payment of S$5.3 million by the Company (see Note 17(b)).
On December 25, 2007, the Company acquired a 100% equity ownership interest in Yulin Hotel Company from a related party for Rmb245.6 million. As of December 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005 (CONTINUED)
(Rmb2007, the related purchase consideration had not yet been settled (see Notes 5 and US$ amounts expressed in thousands)
                 
  Years ended December 31, 
  2003  2004  2005  2005 
  Rmb  Rmb  Rmb  US$ 
                 
Increase/(decrease) in liabilities                
— Trade accounts payable  103,065   357,751   553,263   68,556 
— Income taxes payable  (11,181)  (21,842)  (64,705)  (8,018)
— Accrued expenses and other liabilities  90,154   88,521   71,559   8,867 
— Amount due to holding company  4,108   (2,065)  158   20 
             
                 
Net cash provided by operating activities
  1,075,274   589,608   242,674   30,070 
                 
             
                 
Cash flow from investing activities
                
Purchase of property, plant and equipment, lease prepayments and construction in progress  (372,775)  (552,902)  (515,359)  (63,860)
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment  402   5,883   3,826   474 
Proceeds from disposal of land use rights        3,580   444 
Repayment of loans by a related party        205,000   25,402 
Loans to a related party     (205,000)  (205,000)  (25,402)
Loans to customers, net        (7,904)  (979)
Purchase of investments     (1,348)  (161,358)  (19,994)
             
                 
Net cash used in investing activities
  (372,373)  (753,367)  (677,215)  (83,915)
                 
             
                 
Cash flow from financing activities
                
Proceeds from short-term bank loans  230,000   330,000   1,188,178   147,230 
Proceeds from short-term borrowing from a related party  8,000          

F - 9


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005 (CONTINUED)

(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands)
                 
  Years ended December 31, 
  2003  2004  2005  2005 
  Rmb  Rmb  Rmb  US$ 
                 
Proceeds from long-term bank loans     100,000   50,000   6,196 
Proceeds from 2% convertible bonds        206,913   25,639 
Repayment of short-term bank loans  (125,000)  (190,000)  (805,343)  (99,792)
Repayment of long-term bank loans  (130,000)         
Repayment of short-term borrowing from a related party     (8,000)      
Capital contribution from minority stockholders     31,000       
Dividend paid by subsidiaries to minority stockholders  (88,765)  (8,507)  (66,677)  (8,262)
Dividend paid to stockholders  (608,398)     (120,294)  (14,906)
             
 
Net cash (used in)/provided by financing activities
  (714,163)  254,493   452,777   56,105 
                 
             
                 
Effect of foreign currency exchange on cash and cash equivalents
        (4,713)  (584)
                 
                 
Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents
  (11,262)  90,734   13,523   1,676 
                 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
  643,200   631,938   722,672   89,548 
             
                 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
  631,938   722,672   736,195   91,224 
                 
             

F - 10


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005 (CONTINUED)

(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands)
                 
  Years ended December 31, 
  2003  2004  2005  2005 
  Rmb  Rmb  Rmb  US$ 
 
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information
                
                 
Cash paid during the year for:                
— Interest, net of amount capitalized  23,624   31,757   70,527   8,739 
— Income taxes  117,852   125,891   97,431   12,073 
                 
             
34).
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F - 11F-11


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 20042005, 2006 AND 20052007

(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
1 Background and principal activities
  China Yuchai International Limited (the “Company”) was incorporated under the laws of Bermuda on April 29, 1993. The Company was established to acquire a controlling financial interest in Guangxi Yuchai Machinery Company Limited (“Yuchai”), a Sino-foreign joint stock company which manufactures, assembles and sells diesel engines in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”). The principal markets for Yuchai’s diesel engines are truck manufacturers in the PRC.
 
  The Company owns, through six wholly-owned subsidiaries, 361,420,150 shares or 76.41% of the issued share capital of Yuchai (“Foreign Shares of Yuchai”). Guangxi Yuchai Machinery Group Company Limited (“State Holding Company”), a state-owned enterprise, owns 22.09% of the issued share capital of Yuchai (“State Shares of Yuchai”).
 
  In December 1994, the Company issued a special share (the “Special Share”) at par value of US$0.10 to Diesel Machinery (BVI) Limited (“DML”), a company controlled by Hong Leong Corporation Limited, now known as Hong Leong (China) Limited (“HLC”). The Special Share entitles its holder to designate the majority of the Company’s Board of Directors (six of eleven). The Special Share is not transferable except to Hong Leong Asia Ltd. (“HLA”), the holding company of HLC, or any of its affiliates. During 2002, DML transferred the Special Share to HL Technology Systems Pte Ltd (“HLT”), a subsidiary of HLC.
 
  Yuchai established three direct subsidiaries, Yuchai Machinery Monopoly Company Limited (“YMMC”), Guangxi Yulin Yuchai Accessories Manufacturing Company Limited (“YAMC”) (previously known Guangxi Yulin Yuchai Machinery Spare Parts Manufacturing Company Limited (“GYSPM”)Limited) and Yuchai Express Guarantee Company LimitedCo., Ltd (“YEGCL”). YMMC and GYSPMYAMC were established in 2000, and are involved in the manufacture and sale of spare parts and components for diesel engines in the PRC. YEGCL was established in 2004, and is involved in the provision of financial guarantees to mortgage loan applicants in favourfavor of banks in connection with the applicants’ purchase of automobiles equipped with diesel engines produced by Yuchai. In 2006, YEGCL ceased granting new guarantees with the aim of servicing the remaining outstanding guarantee commitments to completion, expected to be in 2009. As at December 31, 2005,2007, Yuchai held an equity interest of 71.83%, 97.14% and 76.92% respectively in these companies. As at December 31, 2005,2006 and 2007, YMMC had direct controlling interests in twenty-one (2004: twenty-one)and twenty-five subsidiaries respectively, which are involved in the trading and distribution of spare parts of diesel engines and automobiles, all of which are established in the PRC. In December 2007, Yuchai purchased a fourth subsidiary, Guangxi Yulin Hotel Company Ltd (“Yulin Hotel Company”) (see Note 34).
 
  In March 2005, the Company acquired 14.99% of the common stockordinary shares of Thakral Corporation LimitedLtd (“TCL”). TCL is a company listed on the main board of the Singapore Exchange Securities Trading Limited (the “Singapore Exchange”) and is involved in the manufacture, assembly and distribution of high-end consumer electronic products and home entertainment products in the PRC. Three directors out of teneleven directors on the board of TCL are appointed by the Company. Based on the Company’s shareholdings and representation in the board of directors of TCL, management has concluded that the companyCompany has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of TCL. Consequently, the Company’s consolidated financial statements includedinclude the Company’s share of the results of TCL, accounted for anunder the equity basis since acquisition.method. The Company acquired an additional 1.00% of the common stockordinary shares of TCL in September 2005. As a result of the rights issue of 87,260,288 rights shares on February 16, 2006, the Company’s equity interest in TCL increased to 19.36%. On August 15, 2006, the Company exercised its right to convert all of its 52,933,440 convertible bonds into 529,334,400 new ordinary shares in the capital of TCL. Upon the issue of the new shares, the Company’s interest in TCL has increased to 36.61% of the total issued and outstanding ordinary shares. During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company did not acquire new shares in TCL. However, as a result of conversion of convertible bonds into new ordinary shares by TCL’s third party bondholders, the Company’s interest in TCL was diluted to 34.42%.
On February 7, 2006, the Company acquired 29.13% of the ordinary shares of HL Global Enterprises Limited (formerly known as HLG Enterprise Limited (“HLGE”). HLGE is a public company listed on the main board of the Singapore Exchange. HLGE is primarily engaged in investment holding, and through its group companies, invests in rental property, hospitality and property developments in Asia. On November 15, 2006, the Company exercised its right to convert all of its 196,201,374 non-redeemable convertible cumulative preference shares into 196,201,374 new ordinary shares in the capital of HLGE. Upon the issue of the new shares, the Company’s equity interest in HLGE has increased to 45.42% of the enlarged total number of ordinary shares in issue. Three directors out of seven directors on the board of HLGE are appointed by the Company. Based on the Company’s shareholdings and representation in the board of directors of HLGE, management has concluded that the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of HLGE. Consequently, the Company’s consolidated financial statements include the Company’s share of the results of HLGE, accounted for under the equity method. During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company did not acquire new shares in HLGE. However, new ordinary shares were issued by HLGE arising from the third party’s conversion of non-redeemable convertible cumulative preference shares, and the Company’s interest in HLGE was diluted to 45.39%.

F - 12F-12


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
2 General
(a)Basis of presentation
 
  The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S.United States of America generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). This basis
(b)Restatement of 2005 consolidated financial statements
The Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2005 were previously restated on May 30, 2008 to reflect certain adjustments to correct accounting differs from that used inerrors for such period. The most significant adjustment was to correct accounting errors for the statutoryunderstatement of accounts payable of Rmb167.8 million by Yuchai at December 31, 2005. The accompanying 2005 consolidated financial statements reflect those previously restated financial statements of Yuchai, which are prepared in accordance with the Accounting Standards for Business EnterprisesCompany and the Accounting Regulations for Business Enterprises issued by the Ministry of Finance of the PRC (“PRC GAAP”).its subsidiaries.
3 Summary of significant accounting policies and practices
(a) Principles of consolidation
 
  The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its majority-owned subsidiaries and those entities that the Company has determined that it has a direct or indirect controlling financial interests.interest in (collectively, referred to as the “Group”). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In addition, the Company evaluates itsthe Group’s relationships with other entities to identify whether they are variable interest entities as defined by the Financial Accounting Standard Board (the “FASB”) Interpretation (“FIN”) No. 46 (R), “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities” (“FIN 46(R)”) and to assess whether it is the primary beneficiary of such entities. If the determination is made that the CompanyGroup is the primary beneficiary, then that entity is included in the consolidated financial statements in accordance with FIN 46(R). The CompanyGroup was not the primary beneficiary of any variable interest entities during the three years ended December 31, 2005.2007.
(b) Cash and cash equivalents
  Cash includes cash on hand and demand deposits with banks. For purposes of the consolidated statementstatements of cash flows, the Company consideredmanagement considers all highly liquid debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. None of the Company’sGroup’s cash is restricted as to withdrawal. See Note 29 for discussion of restrictions on the Renminbi.
(c) Trade accounts receivable, loans receivable and bills receivable, net
  Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced value of goods sold after deduction of trade discounts and allowances, if any. Amounts collected on trade accounts receivable are included in net cash provided by operating activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Company’smanagement’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the Company’s existingGroup’s accounts receivable. The CompanyManagement determines the allowance based on specific account identification and historical write-off experience by industry and national economic data.

F - 13


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
3Summary of significant accounting policies and practices (continued)
(c)Trade accounts receivable (continued)
 
  The CompanyManagement reviews itsthe Group’s allowance for doubtful accounts monthly. Past due balances over 90 days and over a specified amount are reviewed individually for collectibility.collectability. All other balances are reviewed on a pooled basis by aging of such balances. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. The CompanyGroup does not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to its customers, except for outstanding bills discounted with banks (see Note 24(e)) and off-balance-sheet credit exposure of YEGCL (see Note 24(d)), that are subject to recourse for non-payment.
 
The Group sells trade accounts and bills receivable to banks on an ongoing basis. The buyer is responsible for servicing the receivables upon maturity of the trade accounts receivable. Sales of the trade accounts receivable are accounted for under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities”. Accordingly, trade accounts and bills receivable are derecognized, and a discount equal to the difference between the carrying value of the trade accounts and bills receivable and cash received is recorded. The Group received proceeds from the sales of the trade accounts and bills receivable of Rmb3,423,296, Rmb4,485,221 and Rmb4,403,828 (US$644,343), for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. The Group has recorded discounts totaling Rmb44,362, Rmb54,720 and Rmb75,193 (US$11,002) in respect of sold trade accounts and bills receivable for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively, which has been included in interest expense.
Loans receivables primarily relate to initial working capital financing provided to Yuchai Marketing Company Limited (“YMCL”), a related party (see Note 5). The allowance for doubtful accounts is management’s best estimate of the amount of credit losses in these existing loans. A loan is considered impaired pursuant to FASB Statement No.114, “Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan”. A loan is impaired if it is probable that the Company will not collect all principal and interest contractually due. The Company does not accrue interest when a loan is considered impaired. The Company has elected to recognize interest income on a cash basis.

F-13


(d) Inventories net
  Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and market. Cost is determined using the weighted average cost method. Cost of work in progress and finished goods comprises direct materials, direct labor and an attributable portion of production overheads. Management routinely reviews its inventory for salability and indications of obsolescence to determine if inventory carrying values are higher than market values. If market conditions or future product enhancements and developments change, inventories would be written down to reflect the estimated realizable value.
(e) Property, plant and equipment, net
  Property, plant and equipment, including leasehold improvements, are stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated onusing the straight-line method over thetheir estimated useful lives of the assets, taking into account thetheir estimated residual value. The estimated useful lives are as follows:
     
Buildings 30 to 40 years
Machinery and equipment 5 to 15 years
Office and computer equipment 4 to 5 years
Leasehold improvementsshorter of estimated useful life or remaining lease terms
(f) ConstructionThe Group capitalizes interest with respect to major assets under installation or construction based on the average cost of the Group’s borrowings. Repairs and maintenance of a routine nature are expensed while those that extend the life of assets are capitalized. Upon retirement or disposal of assets, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the consolidated balance sheets and any gain or loss is included in progressthe consolidated statements of operations.
 
  Construction in progress represents factories under construction and machinery and equipment pending installation. All direct costs relating to the acquisition or construction of buildings and machinery and equipment, including interest charges on borrowings, are capitalized as construction in progress. No depreciation is provided in respect of construction in progress.
Construction of plant is considered to be completecompleted on the date when the plant is substantially ready for its intended use notwithstanding whether the plant is capable of producing saleable output in commercial quantities.
(g)(f) Lease prepayments
  Lease prepayments represent land use rights paidpayments to the PRC land bureau. Landbureau for land use rights, which are carried at cost and amortizedcharged to expense on a straight-line basis over the respective periods of the rights which are in the range of 15 to 50 years.

F - 14


(g)Guarantees
CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
3 SummaryThe fair value of significant accounting policiesa guarantee provided by the Group for the obligation of others is recognized at fair value at inception as a liability in accordance with FIN No. 45, “Guarantor’s Accounting and practices (continued)Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others”. If the guarantee was issued in a stand-alone transaction for a fee, the fair value of the liability recognized generally would offset the cash received by the Group, which is included in “Accrued expenses and other liabilities” and amortized to revenue over the period of guarantee.
 
After initial measurement and recognition of the liability for obligations under the guarantee, management periodically evaluates outstanding guarantees and accounts for potential loss contingencies associated with the guarantees based on estimated losses from default in accordance with SFAS No. 5, “Accounting for Contingencies,” under which the liability is adjusted for further loss that is probable and when the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.
(h) Investments
Affiliates
 
  An affiliated companyaffiliate is an entity in which the Company or the Group has the ability to exercise significant influence in its financial and operating policy decisions, but does not have a controlling financial interest. Investments in affiliates are accounted for byusing the equity method. The Group’s share of earnings and losses of affiliate, adjusted to eliminate intercompany gains and losses and to account for the difference between the cost of investment and the underlying equity in net assets of the affiliates, is included in the consolidated results.
Management assesses impairment of its investments in affiliates when adverse events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. A loss in value of investments in affiliate which is considered other than a temporary decline is recognized as an impairment charge.

F-14


Other investments
 
  Investments in available-for-sale equity securities, including convertible preference shares of an affiliate that are recordedmandatorily redeemable, are carried at fair value. Unrealized holding gains and losses, net of the related tax effect, on available-for-sale securities are excluded from earnings and are reported asincluded in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), a separate component of other comprehensive income/(loss)stockholders’ equity, until realized. Realized gains and losses from the saledisposal of available-for-sale equity securities are determined on a specific-identification basis. However, equity securities
Investments in convertible preference shares of an affiliate that are neither mandatorily redeemable by the issuer nor redeemable at the option of the investor, and that do not traded in an active market and whosehave a readily determinable fair values cannot be reliably estimatedvalue are accounted for at their acquisition cost.under the cost method.
 
  The CompanyGroup recognizes an impairment loss when the decline in fair value below the carrying value of an available-for-sale or cost method investment is considered other than temporary. In determining whether a decline in fair value is other than temporary, management considers various factors including market price of underlying holdings when available, investment ratings, the financial conditions and near term prospect of the investees, the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost and the Group’s intent and ability to hold the investment for a reasonable period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery of the fair value.
 
Equity derivatives embedded in the available-for-sale debt securities are recorded at fair values through income.
(i) Foreign currency transactions and translation
  The Company’s functional currency is the US dollar. The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries and certain of its affiliated companies located in the PRC is the Renminbi. Transactions denominated in currencies other than Renminbi are translated into Renminbirecorded based on exchange rates at the time such transactions arise, such as the Renminbi exchange rates quotesquoted by the People’s Bank of China (the “PBOC”) prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into Renminbithe functional currency using the applicable exchange quoted by PBOCrates at the balance sheet dates. The resulting exchange differences are recorded in the consolidated statements of incomeoperations as part of the related transaction amounts.“Other income, net”.
 
  DuringThe Company’s reporting currency is the year ended December 31, 2005, the exchange rate regime of Renminbi was reformed by moving into a managed floating exchange regime based on market supply and demand with reference to a basket of foreign currencies from the unified controlled exchange rate based on market supply and demand.
Renminbi. Assets and liabilities of foreignthe Company and its subsidiaries and affiliates whose functional currency is not the Renminbi are translated into Renminbi using the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during the year. The gains and losses resulting from translation of financial statements of foreign subsidiaries and affiliates are recorded as a separate component ofin accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), a separate component within stockholders’ equity. Cumulative translation adjustments are recognized as income or expenseexpenses upon disposal or liquidation of a foreign subsidiarysubsidiaries and affiliate.

F - 15


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
3Summary of significant accounting policies and practices (continued)
(i)Foreign currency transactions and translation (continued)affiliates.
 
  For the U.S.US dollar convenience translation amounts included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Renminbi equivalent amounts werehave been translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date which isof Rmb 6.8346 = US$1.00, = Rmb8.0702, the rate quoted by the PBOC at the close of business on December 30, 2005.31, 2008. No representation is made that the Renminbi amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars at that rate or at any other certain rate prevailing on December 30, 200531, 2008 or at any other date.
(j) Income taxes
  Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance to the extent the Companymanagement concludes it is more likely than not that the assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates, if any, is recognized in the statements of incomeoperations in the financial yearperiod that includes the enactment date.
 
Beginning with the adoption of FASB Interpretation No.48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes” (“FIN 48”) as of January 1, 2007, the Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. Prior to the adoption of FIN 48, the Company recognized the effect of income tax positions only if such positions were probable of being sustained.
The Company records interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense, and penalties in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.
(k) Revenue recognition
 (i)(i)   Product sales
  Revenue is recognized in accordance with U.S. GAAP as described in the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, “Revenue Recognition” (“SAB 104”). SAB 104 generally requires that, among other conditions, four basic criteria be met before revenue can be recognized:

F-15


(i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (ii) the price is fixed or determinable; (iii) collectibilitycollectability is reasonably assured; and (iv) product delivery has occurred. For the Company,Group, these criteria are generally considered to be met upon delivery and acceptance of products at the customer site.
  Product sales represent the invoiced value of goods, net of value added taxes (“VAT”), sales returns, trade discounts and allowances. Yuchai and its subsidiaries are subject to VAT which is levied on the majority of their products at the rate of 17% of the invoiced value of sales. Output VAT is borne by customers in addition to the invoiced value of sales. VAT paid by Yuchai and its subsidiaries on its purchases of materials and supplies is recoverable out of VAT collected from sales to their customers.

F - 16


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
3(ii) Summary of significant accounting policies and practices (continued)
(k)Revenue recognition (continued)
(ii)   Guarantee fee income
  Guarantee fees received or receivable for a guarantee issued are recorded in “Accrued expenses and other liabilities” based upon the estimated fair value at the inception of guarantysuch guarantee obligations, and are amortized intorecognized as revenue on a straight line basis over the respective terms of the guarantees. The Company will record an adjustment to the carrying amount of its obligations through a charge to earnings if it determines that it is probable that the Company will be required to perform under the guaranty.
(iii)   Rental income
Rental income receivable under operating lease is recognized in the consolidated statements of income in equal instalments over the period covered by the lease term.
(l) EarningsEarnings/(loss) per share
  Basic earningsearnings/(loss) per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing incomeincome/(loss) attributable to common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings/(loss) per share is calculated by dividing net earnings/(loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and the number of additional common shares that would be outstanding if any potential common shares that are dilutive are issued. For 2005, the convertible debt issued by the Company was outstanding and no adjustment has been made as the effect would have been anti-dilutive.
 
  The reconciliation of the Company’s EPS isbasic and diluted earnings/(loss) per share are as follows:
                 
  Years ended December 31,
  2003  2004  2005  2005
  Rmb  Rmb  Rmb  US$
 
Net income attributable to common shares  438,182   491,397   68,487   8,486 
 
                 
Basic earnings per share                
— Weighted average common shares outstanding during the year  35,340,000   35,340,000   36,459,635   36,459,635 
 
                 
 
— Basic earnings per share of common shares  12.40   13.90   1.88   0.23 
 
                 
                   
    Years ended December 31,
    2005 2006 2007 2007
    Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
Net income/(loss) attributable to common shares  (32,291)  111,284   525,469   76,884 
                 
Earnings/(loss) per share                
— Weighted average common shares outstanding during the year                
Basic  36,459,635   37,267,673   37,267,673   37,267,673 
Diluted  36,459,635   37,267,673   37,267,673   37,267,673 
                 
— Earnings/(loss) per common share                
Basic  (0.89)  2.99   14.10   2.06 
Diluted  (0.89)  2.99   14.10   2.06 
                 
  There were no potentially dilutive securities outstanding as ofcommon shares during the years ended December 31, 2003, 20042006 and 2005.2007.

F - 17


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
3Summary of significant accounting policies and practices (continued)
(m) Advertising, research and development costs
  Advertising, research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising costcosts included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses”, amounted to Rmb40,961, Rmb48,725Rmb45,291, Rmb42,636 and Rmb45,291Rmb17,248 (US$5,612)2,524) respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2003, 20042005, 2006 and 2005.2007.
 
  Research and development expenses are shown net of a government subsidysubsidies of Rmb5,915, Rmb7,858 and Rmb4,730 (US$733) for the year ended December 31, 2005. No such government subsidy was received692) for the years ended December 31, 20032005, 2006 and 2004.2007, respectively.
(n) Goodwill
  Goodwill represents the excess of costs over fair value of net assets of businesses acquired. Goodwill is not amortized, but instead is tested for impairment at least annually and whenor whenever certain circumstances indicate a possible impairment may exist. The CompanyManagement evaluates the recoverability of goodwill using a two-step impairment test approach at the reporting unit level at the end of each year. In the first step, the fair value of the reporting unit is compared to its carrying value including goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is determined based upon discounted future cash flows. In the case that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, a second step is performed which compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill to the book value of the goodwill. In determining the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill, the fair values of the tangible net assets and recognized and unrecognized intangible assets isare deducted from the fair value of the reporting unit. If the implied fair value of reporting unitunit’s goodwill is lower than its carrying amount, goodwill is considered

F-16


impaired and is written down to its implied fair value. The results of the impairment testing in 2003, 20042005, 2006 and 20052007 did not result in any impairment of goodwill.
(o) Product warranty
  The Company provides,Group recognizes a liability at the time the product is sold, for the estimated future costs to be incurred under the lower of a warranty period or warranty mileage on various engine models, on which the CompanyGroup provides free repair and replacement. Warranties generally extend for a duration (12(generally 12 months to 1824 months) or mileage (80,000 kilometres(generally 80,000 kilometers to 180,000 kilometres)250,000 kilometers), whichever is the lower. Provisions for warranty are primarily determined based on historical warranty cost per unit of engines sold adjusted for specific conditions that may arise and the number of engines under warranty at each financial year-end.year. In previous years, warranty claims have typically not been higher than the relevant provisions made in our consolidated balance sheet. If the nature, frequency and average cost of warranty claims change, the accrued liability for product warranty will be adjusted accordingly.

F - 18


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
3Summary of significant accounting policies and practices (continued)
(p) Use of estimates
  The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management of the CompanyGroup to make a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reported amount of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the recoverability of the carrying amount of long-lived assets including goodwill;goodwill, estimated fair value of investments and other financial instruments, realizable values for inventories;inventories, valuation allowances for receivables;receivables and loans to related parties, obligations for warranty costs.costs, and probable losses on loan guarantees of YEGCL. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
(q) Impairment of long-lived assets, other than goodwill
  Long-lived assets to be held and used, such as property, plant and equipment and construction in progress and lease prepayments, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized byin the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of would be separately presented in the consolidated balance sheetsheets and reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated.

F - 19


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
3Summary of significant accounting policies and practices (continued)
(r) Commitments and contingencies
  Liabilities for loss contingencies, arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines and penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that an obligation has been incurred and the amount of the assessment and/or remediation can be reasonably estimated.
(s) Sales of trade accounts receivableDefined contribution plans
  The Company sells trade accounts and bills receivable to banks on an ongoing basis. The buyer is responsible for servicingGroup participates in the receivables upon maturitynational pension schemes as defined by the laws of the trade accounts receivable. Salescountries in which it has operations. Yuchai and its subsidiaries make contributions to the defined contribution retirement plans, organized by the Guangxi Regional Government and Beijing City Government, at a fixed proportion of the trade accounts receivable are accounted for under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities”. Accordingly, trade accounts and bills receivable are derecognized, and the Company records a discount equal to the difference between the carrying valuebasic salary of the trade accounts and bills receivable and cash received. The Company has received proceeds forstaff. Contributions are recognized as compensation expense in the sales ofperiod in which the trade accounts and bills receivable of Rmb1,730,627, Rmb2,380,569 and Rmb3,423,296 (US$424,190), for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. The Company has recorded discounts totalled of Rmb22,042, Rmb31,709 and Rmb44,362 (US$5,497) in respect of sold trade accounts and bills receivable for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, which have been included in interest expense.related services are performed.
(t)Leases
Where the Company has the use of assets under operating leases, payments made under the leases are recognized in the consolidated statement of operations on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Lease incentives received are recognized in the consolidated statement of operations as an integral part of the total lease payments made. Contingent rentals are charged to the consolidated statement of operations in the accounting period in which they are incurred.
(u)Comparative information
Certain immaterial presentation corrections have been made to prior year’s financial statements to conform to presentation used in the current year. These include re-presentation of summarized financial statements for an affiliate.

F-17


(v) Recently issued accounting standards
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements”. SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles and expenses disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 does not require any new fair value measurements and eliminates inconsistencies in guidance found in various prior accounting pronouncements. SFAS No. 157 emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement, and states that a fair value measurement should be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. In February 2008, the FASB Staff Position, or FSP, SFAS No. 157-1, “Application of FASB SFAS No. 157 to SFAS No. 13 and its Related Interpretive Accounting Pronouncements That Address Leasing Transactions,” and FSP SFAS No. 157-2, “Effective Date of SFAS No. 157.” FSP SFAS No. 157-1 excludes from the scope of SFAS No.157 certain leasing transactions accounted for under SFAS No. 13, “Accounting for Leases”. FSP SFAS No. 157-2 delays the effective date of SFAS No. 157 from 2008 to 2009 for all non financial assets and non financial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). The provisions of SFAS No. 157 will be applied prospectively to fair value measurements and disclosures for financial assets and financial liabilities and non financial assets and non financial liabilities recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on at least an annual basis beginning in the first quarter of 2008. Management does not believe the adoption of SFAS No. 157 will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements at this time and will monitor any additional implementation guidance that may be issued.
 
  In December 2004,February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No.123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment”, which addresses the accountingNo. 159, “Fair Value Option for transactions in which an entity exchanges its equity instruments for goods or services, with a primary focus on transactions in which an entity obtains employee services in share-based payment transactions. This statement is a revision toFinancial Assets and Financial Liabilities”. Under SFAS No. 123159, entities will be permitted to measure various financial instruments and supersedes Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees”,certain other assets and its related implementation guidance. This statement will require measurement of the cost of employee services received in exchange for stock compensation based on the grant-dateliabilities at fair value of the employee stock options. Incremental compensation costs arising from subsequent modifications of awardson an instrument-by-instrument basis (the fair value option). SFAS No. 159 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after the grant date must be recognized.November 15, 2007. The Company willhas elected not to adopt this statement on January 1, 2006 under the modified prospective method of application. Under that method, the Company will recognize compensation costs for new grants of share-based awards, awards modified after the effect date, and the remaining portion of the fair value option for the eligible items as of January 1, 2008.
In June 2007, the unvested awards atFASB ratified EITF Issue No.07-3, Accounting for Nonrefundable Advance Payments for Goods or Services Received for Use in Future Research and Development Activities. The EITF requires non-refundable advance payments to acquire goods or pay for services that will be consumed or performed in a future period in conducting R&D activities should be recorded as an asset and recognized as an expense when the adoption date.R&D activities are performed. The initialEITF is to be applied prospectively to new contractual arrangements entered into beginning in fiscal 2009. The Company currently recognizes these non-refundable advanced payments, if any, as an expense upon payment. The adoption of this statement willEITF 07-3 is not expected to have anya significant effect on the Company’s 2006 consolidated financial statements.

F - 20


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
3Summaryposition or results of significant accounting policies and practices (continued)
(t)Recently issued accounting standards (continued)operations.
 
  In December 2004,2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 151, “Inventory Costs”141 (revised 2007), or SFAS No. 141R, “Business Combination” which clarifiesreplaces SFAS No. 141. SFAS No. 141R establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer recognizes and measures in its financial statements the accounting for abnormal amounts of idle facility expense, freight, handling costs,identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, any non controlling interest in the acquiree and wasted material (spoilage). Under this statement, such itemsthe goodwill acquired. The Statement also establishes disclosure requirements which will be recognized as current-period charges. In addition,enable users to evaluate the statement requires that allocation of fixed production overheads to the costs of conversion be based on the normal capacitynature and financial effects of the production facilities.business combination. This statement will beStatement is effective foras of the Company for inventory costs incurred on orbeginning of an entity’s first fiscal year beginning after January 1, 2006.December 15, 2008. The initialimpact of the adoption of this statement will not have a significant effectSFAS No. 141R on the Company’s 2006 consolidated financial statements.positions and consolidated results of operations is dependent upon the specific terms of any applicable future business combinations.
 
  In December 2004,2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 153, “Exchanges160, “Non Controlling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements—Amendments of Nonmonetary Assets”, which eliminates an exception in APB OpinionARB No. 29, “Accounting51”. SFAS No. 160 states that accounting and reporting for Nonmonetary Transactions”, for recognizing nonmonetary exchanges of similar productive assets at fair value and replaces it with an exception for recognizing exchanges of nonmonetary assets at fair value that do not have commercial substance. This statementminority interests will be effectiverecharacterised as non controlling interests and classified as a component of equity. The statement also establishes reporting requirements that provide sufficient disclosures that clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the parent and the interests of the non controlling owners. SFAS No. 160 applies to all entities that prepare consolidated financial statements, except not-for-profit organizations, but will affect only those entities that have an outstanding non controlling interest in one or more subsidiaries or that deconsolidate a subsidiary. The Company is required to adopt this statement in the first quarter of fiscal year 2009 and management is currently assessing the impact of adopting SFAS No. 160. Earlier adoption is prohibited. This Statement shall be applied prospectively as of the beginning of the fiscal year in which this Statement is initially applied, except for the Companypresentation and disclosure requirements. The presentation and disclosure requirements shall be applied retrospectively for nonmonetary asset exchanges occurring on or after January 1, 2006. The adoptionall periods presented. Management is presently evaluating the impact of this statement will not have a significant effect on the Company’s 2006 consolidated financial statements.newly required disclosures.

F-18


  In March 2005, the FASB issued FIN No. 47, “Accounting for Conditional Asset Retirement Obligations” (“FIN 47”). FIN 47 clarifies that an entity must record a liability for a “conditional” asset retirement obligation if the fair value of the obligation can be reasonably estimated. The types of asset retirement obligations that are covered by this interpretation are those for which an entity has a legal obligation to perform an asset retirement activity, however the timing and (or) method of settling the obligation are conditional on a future event that may or may not be within the control of the entity. FIN 47 also clarifies when an entity would have sufficient information to reasonably estimate the fair value of an asset retirement obligation. FIN 47 is effective no later than the end of fiscal years ended after December 15, 2005. The initial adoption of FIN 47 did not have an impact on the Company’s financial condition and consolidated statements of income.
In September 2005, the EITF issued EITF 04-13, “Accounting for Purchases and Sales of Inventory with the Same Counterparty”. EITF 04-13 provides guidance as to when purchases and sales of inventory with the same counterparty should be accounted for as a single exchange transaction. EITF 04-13 also provides guidance as to when a nonmonetary exchange of inventory should be accounted for at fair value. EITF 04-13 will be applied to new arrangements entered into, and modifications or renewals of existing arrangements beginning in the first interim or annual reporting beginning after March 15, 2006. The application of EITF 04-13 is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In February 2006,2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 155, “Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments — an amendment of FASB Statements No. 133 and 140”. This statement amends SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”, and SFAS No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities”. This statement resolves issues addressed in SFAS No. 133 Implementation Issue No. D1, “ApplicationStatement requires enhanced disclosures about an entity’s derivative and hedging activities and thereby improves the transparency of financial reporting. This Statement 133applies to Beneficial Interests in Securitized Financial Assets”. This statement will beall entities and is effective for thefinancial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after SeptemberNovember 15, 2006.2008, with early application encouraged. The Company is currently evaluatingintends to provide the impact of the statement to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In March 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 156, “Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets — an amendment of FASBadditional disclosures under this Statement No. 140”. This statement amends SFAS No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities”, with respect to the accounting for separately recognized servicing assets and servicing liabilities. The statement requires an entity to recognize a servicing asset or servicing liability each timein fiscal 2009 if it undertakes an obligation to service a financial asset by entering into a servicing contract in certain situations and requires all separately recognized servicing assets and servicing liabilities to be initially measured at fair value, if practicable. The statement also provides guidelines to classification, disclosure and subsequent measurement of servicing assets and servicing liabilities. This statement will be effective for the fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2006. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the statement to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.applies.
 
  In June 2006,2008, the FASB issued FIN No. 48, “Accounting for UncertaintyFASB Staff Position (“FSP”) no. EITF 03-6-1, “Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Income Taxes” (“FIN 48”)Share-Based Payment Transactions Are Participating Securities” (FSP EITF 03-6-1). FIN 48EITF 03-6-1 clarifies the accounting for uncertaintywhether instruments granted in income taxes recognizedshare-based payment transactions should be included in the Company’scomputation of EPS using the two-class method prior to vesting. The Company is in the process of analyzing the impact of FSP EITF03-6-1, which is effective for financial statements in accordance with SFAS No. 109. FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attributesissued for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The provisions of FIN 48 are effective for the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006.2008. The Company is currently evaluatingdoes not expect the initial adoption of FSP EITF 03-6-1 to have a material impact of the provisions of FIN 48 to the Company’s consolidatedon its 2009 financial statements.

F - 21


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
4 Depreciation and amortization, sales commissions, and shipping and handling expenses
 
  Depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment and amortization of lease prepayments are included in the following captions:
                
 Years ended December 31,                
 2003 2004 2005 2005 Years ended December 31,
 Rmb Rmb Rmb US$ 2005 2006 2007 2007
 Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
Cost of goods sold 88,737 84,907 86,491 10,717  90,354 94,215 163,909 23,982 
Selling, general and administrative expenses 36,782 47,882 53,229 6,596  50,979 48,645 59,395 8,691 
                  
 141,333 142,860 223,304 32,673 
 125,519 132,789 139,720 17,313          
         
  Sales commissions to sales agents are included in the following caption:
                 
  Years ended December 31,
  2003  2004  2005  2005
  Rmb  Rmb  Rmb  US$
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses  16,724   11,564   39,372   4,879 
 
                 
                 
  Years ended December 31,
  2005 2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
Selling, general and administrative expenses  39,372   32,172   58,719   8,591 
                 
  Sales related shipping and handling expenses not separately billed to customers are included in the following caption:
                 
  Years ended December 31,
  2003  2004  2005  2005
  Rmb  Rmb  Rmb  US$
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses  64,991   86,163   126,813   15,714 
 
                 

F - 22


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
                 
  Years ended December 31,
  2005 2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
Selling, general and administrative expenses  126,813   116,570   154,807   22,650 
                 
5 Provision for uncollectible loans to a related party and subsequent contingent recovery
 
  The amount represents the recognition of specific doubtful debtimpairment provisions totaling Rmb205,000 (US$25,402)Rmb202,950 on the loans with an aggregate principal amount of Rmb205 million due from Yuchai Marketing and Logistic Company Limited (“YMLC”YMCL”) as of December 31, 2005. YMLCYMCL is wholly owned by Coomber Investment Limited (“Coomber”), a shareholder of the Company and State Holding Company (collectively, the “Chinese Shareholders”).
  In March and May 2004, Yuchai granted interest-free advances to YMLCYMCL at the request of the Yuchai’s PRC directors to provide YMLCYMCL with initial working capital for its start-up activities. YMLCYMCL was set up with the intention of offering a complementary range of services including spare parts distribution, insurance, vehicle financing and warranty servicing. These advances were provided with the approval of the previous Chairman of Yuchai but without the prior approval by the majority of the shareholders of Yuchai.
  On December 2, 2004, these advances were converted into formal loans and written agreements and were executed between Yuchai and YMLCYMCL through an authorized financial institution in the PRC. Under the terms of the loan agreements, the loans were payable in their entirety on December 2, 2005 and interest, at the rate of 5.58% per annum, was payable on a monthly basis. Further, the loans were secured by guarantees given by the Chinese Shareholders. Interest income of Rmb11,922, Rmb10,512 and Rmb11,548 (US$1,477)1,690) was received and recognized in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively (see Note 7).

F-19


  Because the loans had already been disbursed, the Chinese Shareholders had issued guarantees for these loans, and the Company’s relationship with the Chinese Shareholders was improving, the Directors of Yuchai believed that it was in the Company’s and Yuchai’s best interest to ratify the loans. Consequently, the loans were ratified by the Board of Directors of Yuchai in April 2005.
  In 2005, the Company discussed with the Chinese Shareholders the possibility of converting the loans into an equity investment in YMLC,YMCL, subject to the Yuchai board’s approval. This potential alternative was incorporated within the terms of the reorganization agreement entered into by the Company with Yuchai and Coomber on April 7, 2005 (“Reorganization Agreement”).
  When the loans became due in December 2005, Yuchai was requested to extend the maturity date for the loans. However, the Company and Yuchai had been unable to access the financial statements of YMLC.YMCL. Consequently, the Directors from the Company’s and Yuchai’s boards had doubts about YMLC’sYMCL’s ability to repay the loans. However, the Company’s and Yuchai’s board of directors considered the request to extend the loans based on representations received from the Chinese Shareholders and management of YMLCYMCL concerning their respective abilities and intentions to repay the loans and honor their guarantees, and therefore agreed to extend the repayment date of the loans for an additional year. The extension of the loans was approved by the Board of Directors of Yuchai on December 2, 2005. An agency bank was appointed under PRC requirements to administer the Rmb205,000Rmb205 million loans and the legal method requires such loans to be repaid and the funds re-disbursed. The new loans carry the same terms, including scheduled maturity on December 1, 2006. New guarantees were also granted by the Chinese Shareholders for these loans. The maturity date of the loans was subsequently extended to June 1, 2007 and further extended to May 30, 2008.
 Later in December 2005, after it was agreed to extend the loans, based on mutual understandings between YMLC, the Chinese Shareholders and Yuchai, access to financial records of YMLC were made available. The Company conducted a due diligence review, learned that YMLC was not profitable, and concluded that YMLC’s future prospects were dim. The Company therefore decided not to pursue the conversion of loans into an equity investment in YMLC and also concluded that YMLC will probably not have the financial resources to repay the loans when they become due in December 2006.
  The Company discussed this matter with the Chinese Shareholders and management of YMLCYMCL and also considered the financial position and financial resources of the State Holding Company and Coomber. CYI management has made an assessment of the future cash flows of the State Holding Company and Coomber and concluded that it iswas likely they will not be able to honor their respective guarantees in the event YMLCYMCL is unable to repay the loans when they become due.
  Consequently, at that time, CYI management has identified a number of possible courses of action in the event YMLCYMCL is unable to repay the loans when they become due. These actions include:included:
  Taking actions to force YMLCYMCL to liquidate;
 
  Retaining portions of future dividends declared by Yuchai and payable to State Holding Company until the guarantee obligations are fulfilled; and
 
  Commencing legal action against YMLCYMCL and possibly the Chinese Shareholders.
  The Company’s management has ruled out any form of legal or other enforcement action against the Chinese Shareholders as management believesbelieved that Yuchai may not be the first preferred creditor entitled to receive payment of the judgment debt. Moreover, management believesbelieved that the process for enforcement of a judgment in China is complex and not as effective when compared with other jurisdictions. In addition, management believesbelieved that the commencement of legal or other enforcement actions willwould likely lead to a deterioration in relations with the Chinese Shareholders which could have a materially adverse impact on the Company’s investment in Yuchai and could lead to the impairment of shareholder value of the Company. Consequently, management believesbelieved that it is currentlywas beneficial to the Company’s shareholders for management to continue their dialogue and seek other possible arrangements with YMLC,YMCL, Coomber and State Holding Company to resolve the repayment of the Rmb205,000 (US$25,402)Rmb205 million loans rather than for it to resort to legal and enforcement actions described above. However, considering
In July 2007, Yuchai’s Board of Directors agreed in principle to a proposal by the financial condition and management’s assessmentState Holding Company to settle the loans due from YMCL, along with various other accounts receivable from YMCL (collectively, the “receivables”), by forgiving the receivables in exchange for the transfer of 100% of the future prospects of YMLCequity ownership in a hotel in Yulin, PRC and management’s intention to not seek legal or enforcement actions pertainingYMCL’s central office building in Guilin, PRC. On December 25, 2007, Yuchai, pursuant to the execution of a share transfer contract with YMCL, Coomber and State Holding Company, acquired all the outstanding share capital of Guangxi Yulin Hotel Company Ltd (“Yulin Hotel Company”) for Rmb245.6 million. As of December 31, 2007 the purchase consideration for this acquisition had not been settled and is included in “Amounts due to related parties” on the consolidated balance sheet. Agreements were entered into by Yuchai on March 31, 2008 to effect the repayment of the Rmb205 million loans against the liability of Rmb245.6 million arising from the purchase of 100% equity interest in Yulin Hotel Company with the balance settled through offset of certain trade receivables due from YMCL, the Guarantors and other related guarantees, management currently believes that it is probable it will be unable to recover any portionparties. Under the terms of these loans.agreements, Yuchai’s purchase price obligation of Rmb245.6 million was legally extinguished through the offsetting of this liability.

F - 23F-20


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
 As of December 31, 2007, the transfer of the 100% equity interest in Yulin Hotel Company was subject to approval from the provincial government regulatory agency in charge of state-owned assets administration in China. Yuchai’s Board of Directors and shareholders had approved an extension of time for obtaining of approval from November 30, 2008 to June 30, 2009 failing which, Yuchai would have had the right to sell to the State Holding Company, who would have been obligated to buy, 100% of the equity in Yulin Hotel Company at the original purchase price of Rmb245.6 million. This condition is contained in a guarantee letter provided by the original shareholders of Yulin Hotel Company. However, management of the Company was uncertain whether State Holding Company had the financial ability to purchase Yulin Hotel Company for the full contractual amount of Rmb245.6 million. Consequently, no recovery of the previously recorded impairment loss on the loans due from YMCL has been recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2007. Such recovery will only be recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements in the period when a) approval is obtained from the provincial government regulatory agency in charge of state-owned assets administration in China for its acquisition of the 100% equity interest in Yulin Hotel Company, or b) the Company is able to resolve the uncertainty about the recovery through other means. On January 13, 2009, Yuchai received approval from the provincial government regulatory agency in charge of state-owned assets administration in China for its acquisition of the 100% equity interest in Yulin Hotel Company.
An analysis of the allowance for doubtful loans for 2005, 2006 and 2007 is as follows:
                 
  Years ended December 31,
  2005 2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
Balance at beginning of year     202,950   202,950   29,695 
Add: Charge to consolidated statements of operations  202,950          
Less: Write-offs            
                 
Balance at end of year  202,950   202,950   202,950   29,695 
                 
6 Interest cost
 
  The CompanyGroup capitalizes interest charges as a component of the cost of construction in progress. The following is a summary of interest cost incurred during 2003, 20042005, 2006 and 2005:2007:
                
 Years ended December 31,                
 2003 2004 2005 2005 Years ended December 31,
 Rmb Rmb Rmb US$ 2005 2006 2007 2007
 Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
Interest cost capitalized 12,146 19,701 20,991 2,601  20,991 18,057 12,367 1,809 
Interest cost charged to consolidated statements of income 23,624 31,757 70,527 8,739 
         
Interest cost charged to consolidated statements of operations 70,527 117,491 125,244 18,325 
         
Total interest cost incurred 35,770 51,458 91,518 11,340  91,518 135,548 137,611 20,134 
         
         
7 Other (expenses)/income, net
 
  Other (expenses)/income, net consistconsists of:
                                
 Years ended December 31, Years ended December 31,
 2003 2004 2005 2005 2005 2006 2007 2007
 Rmb Rmb Rmb US$ Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
Interest income (see Note 5) 3,587 3,286 21,744 2,695 
Foreign exchange (loss)/gain, net  (27)  (38) 607 75 
Interest income 21,744 47,124 54,205 7,931 
Foreign exchange gain/(loss), net 607  (41,940)  (37,172)  (5,438)
Dividend income from other investments  4,591    7,815  4,897 717 
Rental income   6,078 753  6,078 1,766 1,499 219 
Loss on dilution of equity interests in affiliates   (1,188)  (2,591)  (379)
Gain on redemption of other investments (Note 17(b)(ii))  28,457 17,478 2,557 
Net gain/(loss) on changes in fair value of embedded derivatives (Note 17(b))   (3,617) 6,139 898 
Others, net  (4,441)  (2,157)  (4,246)  (526)  (10,795) 8,254 9,099 1,331 
                  
  (881) 5,682 24,183 2,997  25,449 38,856 53,554 7,836 
                  
8 Income taxes
 
  Bermuda tax
 
  The Company is incorporated under the laws of Bermuda and, under the current Bermuda laws, is not subject to tax on income or capital gains.
 
  The Company has received an undertaking from the Minister of Finance in Bermuda pursuant to the provisions of the Exempted Undertakings Tax Protection Act, 1966, which exempts the Company and its stockholders, other than stockholders ordinarily

F-21


resident in Bermuda, from any Bermuda taxes computed on profit, income or any capital assets, gain or appreciation, or any tax in the nature of estate duty or inheritance tax at least until the year 2016.
 
  PRC income tax
 
  As Yuchai is a sino-foreign enterprise in the Western Region of the PRC that is engaged in an encouraged industry, its PRC statutory income tax rate is 15% in 2003, 20042005, 2006 and 20052007 under the relevant PRC income tax laws.
 
  The PRC income tax rates of Yuchai’s subsidiaries under the relevant PRC income tax laws are 15% to 33% in 2003, 20042005, 2006 and 2005.

F - 24


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
8Income taxes (continued)2007.
 
Pursuant to the income tax law of the PRC concerning foreign investment and foreign enterprises (the “FEIT Law”), the applicable income tax rate through December 31, 2007 of Yuchai was 15%. Since January 1, 2002, Yuchai was subject to tax at a rate of 15% so long as it continued to qualify as a foreign-invested enterprise eligible for tax reductions under PRC income tax law.
In 2007, the National People’s Congress approved and promulgated a new tax law, China’s Unified Enterprise Income Tax Law (“CIT law”), which became effective January 1, 2008. Under the CIT law, foreign invested enterprises and domestic companies are subject to a uniform tax rate of 25%. The CIT law provides a five-year transition period from its effective date for those enterprises which were established before the promulgation date of the CIT law and which were entitled to a preferential lower tax rate under the then-effective tax laws or regulations. In accordance with a grandfathering provision, the CIT law also provides for a graduated tax rate increase over a five-year period from an existing reduced tax rate to the uniform tax rate of 25%.
In 2008, Yuchai has continued to fulfill the requirements to qualify for an extension to the reduced tax rate of 15% which will continue to 2010 in accordance with transitional arrangements in the CIT law. Subsequent to this, Yuchai can apply for other programs which may be available to provide a reduced rate. In the event that Yuchai is ineligible for either an extension to the existing tax rate reduction or the transitional graduated rates noted above, Yuchai would be subject to tax at a rate of 25%. For all of Yuchai’s subsidiaries that were previously subjected to tax at a rate of 33%, the rate has been lowered to 25% following the CIT law.
The CIT law also provides for a tax of 10% to be withheld from dividends paid to foreign investors of PRC enterprises. This withholding tax provision does not apply to dividends paid out of profits earned prior to January 1, 2008. Beginning on January 1, 2008, a 10% withholding tax will be imposed on dividends paid to CYI, a non-PRC resident enterprise, unless an applicable tax treaty provides for a lower tax rate and the Company will recognize withholding taxes payable for profits accumulated after December 31, 2007 as the Company does not plan to indefinitely reinvest these earnings.
Earnings/(loss) before income taxes and minority interests comprise the following:
                 
  Years ended December 31,
  2005 2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
PRC  17,942  292,359   845,239   123,671 
Non-PRC  (43,032)  (88,964)  (61,325)  (8,973)
                 
Total  (25,090)  203,395   783,914   114,698 
                 
  Income tax expense in the consolidated statements of incomeoperations consists of:
                                
 Years ended December 31, Years ended December 31,
 2003 2004 2005 2005 2005 2006 2007 2007
 Rmb Rmb Rmb US$ Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
PRC 
Current tax expense 106,671 104,049 32,726 4,055  30,198 50,462 33,881 4,958 
Deferred tax expense/(benefit) 6,253 1,116  (11,851)  (1,468)  (20,050)  (19,996) 34,637 5,067 
                  
 10,148 30,466 68,518 10,025 
 112,924 105,165 20,875 2,587          
         

F-22


  Income tax expense reported in the consolidated statements of incomeoperations differs from the amount computed by applying the PRC income tax rate of 15% for the three years ended December 31, 20052007 for the following reasons:
                 
  Years ended December 31,
  2003  2004  2005  2005
  Rmb  Rmb  Rmb  US$
 
Computed “expected” tax expense  104,536   113,078   17,586   2,179 
Adjustments resulting from:                
— Non-deductible expenses  1,232   471   5,703   707 
— Tax credits (see Note (i))     (16,184)  (43,535)  (5,395)
— Change in valuation allowance        45,231   5,605 
— Rate differential of subsidiaries  7,156   7,800   (4,110)  (509)
                 
 
Total tax expense  112,924   105,165   20,875   2,587 
 
                 
                 
  Years ended December 31,
  2005 2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
Computed “expected” tax expense/(benefit)  (3,764)  30,509   117,587   17,205 
Adjustments resulting from:                
— Non-deductible expenses related to errors correction (see Note (ii))  10,623   7,795       
— Non-deductible expenses  5,703   4,053   8,411   1,231 
— Effect of change in tax law on allowance for doubtful loans to a related party (see Note (iii))        27,650   4,045 
— Tax credits on purchase of property, plant and equipment (see Note (i))  (43,535)  (6,895)  (70,877)  (10,370)
— Tax credits on purchase of property, plant and equipment forfeited        8,861   1,296 
— Tax credits for R& D expense (see Note (i))     (10,386)  (11,877)  (1,738)
— Change in valuation allowance  45,231   (6,492)  (34,699)  (5,077)
— Tax rate differential  (4,110)  11,882   18,314   2,680 
— Other        5,148     753 
                 
Actual tax expense  10,148   30,466   68,518   10,025 
                 
 
Notes:
 
(i) Amounts mainly representsrepresent tax credits relating to the purchase of domestic equipment for technological improvement and thefor approved research and development costs.
 
(ii) All taxable income and income tax expenseAmount relates to non-deductible permanent differences from the restatement of the Company’s 2005 financial statements as at May 15, 2008 as such expenses are fromnot expected to be deductible in accordance with PRC sources.

F - 25


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
8Income taxes (continued)regulations.
 
(iii)Amount pertains to the elimination of the deferred tax asset previously recognized on a loan loss provision to a related party (see Note 5), which is no longer considered to be a deductible temporary difference due to a change in CIT law in 2007.
  The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets at December 31, 20042006 and 20052007 are presented below:
            
 December 31,            
 2004 2005 2005 December 31,
 Rmb Rmb US$ 2006 2007 2007
 Rmb Rmb US$
Trade accounts receivable 26,006 22,900 2,838  36,806 31,836 4,658 
Inventories 6,678 8,336 1,033  23,251 19,124 2,798 
Property, plant and equipment 69,247 49,436 6,126  26,982 31,407 4,595 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 37,020 32,961 4,084  49,384 68,381 10,005 
Tax losses carried forward 3,500 11,615 1,439  5,075 1,152 169 
Tax credits  43,535 5,395  50,434   
Loans to a related party  30,750 3,810  29,304   
              
Total gross deferred tax assets 221,236 151,900 22,225 
       
Total gross deferred tax assets 142,451 199,533 24,725 
Less: Valuation allowance  45,231 5,605 
Less: Valuation allowance (see Note (i)) 38,739 4,040 591 
              
Net deferred tax assets 142,451 154,302 19,120  182,497 147,860 21,634 
       
       
Note:
(i)An analysis of the valuation allowance for 2006 and 2007 is as follows:
             
  December 31
  2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb US$
             
Balance at beginning of year  45,231   38,739   5,668 
Less:            

F-23


             
  December 31
  2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb US$
Reduction in valuation allowance for forfeited unused tax credits     (8,861)  (1,297)
Realization of deferred tax assets in the current year     (25,838)  (3,780)
Reduction in valuation allowance for changes in circumstances that caused a change in judgment about the realizability of deferred tax assets  (6,492)      
             
Balance at end of year  38,739   4,040   591 
             
  The following table represents the classification of the Company’sGroup’s net deferred tax assets:
                        
 December 31, December 31
 2004 2005 2005 2006 2007 2007
 Rmb Rmb US$ Rmb Rmb US$
Net deferred tax assets comprise of: 
Net deferred tax assets comprise: 
Current portion 69,704 88,783 11,001  112,779 114,361 16,733 
Non-current portion 72,747 65,519 8,119  69,718 33,499 4,901 
              
 182,497 147,860 21,634 
 142,451 154,302 19,120        
       
  As of December 31, 2005, a subsidiary of the Company2007, Yuchai was granted with tax credits amountedamounting to Rmb43,535Rmb11,877 (US$5,395)1,738) in relation to approved research and development costs and Rmb70,877 (US$10,370) relating to the purchase of domestically produced equipment of which Rmb12,502 (US$1,549) would expire in 2008 and the remaining amount would expire in 2009.certain domestic equipment. According to the relevant laws and regulations in the PRC prior to the new CIT law, the amount of credits relating to the purchase of certain domestic equipment entitled for deduction each year is limited to the incremental current income tax expense of the subsidiary for the year compared to the current income tax expense of the subsidiary in the year beforeimmediately prior to the year the credit was approved. All the approved tax credits, including credits of Rmb50,434 (US$7,379) relating to the purchase of certain domestic equipment carried over from prior years, were fully utilized against current income taxes in 2007, except for Rmb8,861 (US$1,296) that have been forfeited as of December 31, 2007 due to provisions of the equipment.new CIT law, which no longer allows such tax credits to be accrued and existing credits unused as of December 31, 2007 are not permitted to be carried forward.

F - 26


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
8   Income taxes (continued)
  CertainAs at December 31, 2007, one of the subsidiaries of the Company had net operatingtax loss carryforwardscarry forwards for PRC income tax purposes of Rmb47,182Rmb4,608 (US$5,846)674), which are available to offset future taxable income, if any. Of which, Rmb13,328, Rmb13,630any, and Rmb20,224 wouldwill expire in 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively.
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The management considered that it is more likely than not that tax credits totalling Rmb33,834 (US$4,193) relating to the purchase of domestic equipment cannot be fully utilized as the amount entitled for deduction each year is limited to the incremental current income tax expense of theif unused by 2010. This subsidiary compared to the current tax of the subsidiary for the years 2003 and 2004, when the related domestic equipment was purchased and the management forecasted future taxable income of the subsidiary will not be sufficient to fully utilize the tax credits. In addition, one of the subsidiaries has been loss making since its commencement of operations in 2004 and based onmanagement deems it more likely than not that the deferred tax assets relating to the tax loss carry forwards as well as other deductible temporary differences of this managementsubsidiary will not be realized. A total valuation allowance of Rmb4,040 (US$591) has determinedbeen provided for all of its deferred tax assets as at December 31, 2007. The reduction in valuation allowance in 2007 primarily arises from the reversal of a valuation allowance for tax credits of Rmb18,241 carried forward from 2005 that have been utilized in 2007 due to unforseeable positive results actually achieved during the current year, for unused tax credits of Rmb8,861 that were forfeited as of December 31, 2007, and for deferred tax assets of other subsidiaries that were previously loss making but have now become profitable. Management believes that it is more likely than not that the results of future operations in the next four years will generate sufficient taxable income to allow the realization of the tax benefit of the deferred tax assets in this entity totalling Rmb11,397 (US$1,412)at December 31, 2007.
The Company and its subsidiaries adopted the provisions of FIN 48 on January 1, 2007, and there was no material effect on the consolidated financial statements. As a result, the Company and its subsidiaries did not record any cumulative effect adjustment related to adopting FIN 48.
As of January 1, 2007, and for the 12-month period ended December 31, 2007, the Company and its subsidiaries did not have any material unrecognized tax benefits and thus, no significant interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits were recognized. In addition, the Company and its subsidiaries do not expect that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits will change significantly within the next 12 months.
In the event of under-reporting of taxable income as a result of filing method, that is based on management accounts instead of the audited financial statements, the tax bureau can claw back the underpaid taxes within three years and impose late payment surcharges. If the accumulative underpaid tax would be more than Rmb100, the claw back period could be extended to five years.
In 2006, the provincial tax bureau completed an examination of Yuchai’s PRC income tax returns for 2001 through 2005. The tax bureau did not be realized.make any adjustment to Yuchai’s tax positions, and no surcharge or penalty was imposed. The income tax returns of Yuchai for the years ended December 31, 2005 through 2007 remain subject to examination by the PRC tax authorities. For all other PRC subsidiaries, the income tax returns for the years ended December 31, 2003 through 2007 are open to examination.

F - 27F-24


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
9   Trade accounts receivable, net
9Trade accounts and bills receivable, net
  Trade accounts and bills receivable, net comprise:
            
 December 31,            
 2004 2005 2005 December 31,
 Rmb Rmb US$ 2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb US$
Trade accounts receivable 504,429 574,018 71,128  517,130 732,682 107,203 
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts 107,457 69,047 8,556  90,365 64,893 9,495 
              
  426,765 667,789 97,708 
 396,972 504,971 62,572 
Bills receivable 478,593 641,256 79,460  1,054,153 2,439,996 357,006 
              
  1,480,918 3,107,785 454,714 
 875,565 1,146,227 142,032        
 
       
 
  An analysis of the allowance for doubtful accounts for 2003, 20042005, 2006 and 20052007 is as follows:
                
 December 31,                
 2003 2004 2005 2005 December 31,
 Rmb Rmb Rmb US$ 2005 2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
Balance at beginning of year 158,075 94,423 107,457 13,315  107,457 69,047 90,365 13,222 
Add:  
Charge to consolidated statements of income  13,034 25,587 3,171 
Charge (credit) to consolidated statements of operations 25,587 21,582 (11,008) (1,611)
Less:  
Written back to consolidated statements of income 493    
Doubtful debts written off 63,159  63,997 7,930 
         
Written off (63,997) (264) (14,464) (2,116)
          
Balance at end of year 94,423 107,457 69,047 8,556  69,047 90,365 64,893 9,495 
          
         
  At December 31, 20042006 and 2005,2007, gross trade accounts receivable due from a major customer, Dongfeng Automobile Company and its affiliates (“the Dongfeng companies”), were Rmb142,788Rmb121,336 and Rmb161,930Rmb117,728 (US$20,065)17,225), respectively. See Note 3333(a) for further discussion of businesscustomer concentration risk.
  As of December 31, 2005, certain2006 and 2007, no trade accounts receivable totalling Rmb42,835 (US$5,308) werewas pledged as security under certain loan arrangements (see Note 18(a)).

F - 28


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
10 Amounts due from/to(to) related parties
Amounts due from related parties comprise:
             
  December 31,
  2004  2005  2005 
  Rmb  Rmb  US$ 
 
Due within one year  85,614   233,188   28,895 
 
             
             
  December 31,
  2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb US$
Amounts due from:            
             
SHC & subsidiaries  54,987   88,207   12,906 
YMCL & subsidiaries  96,547   27,459   4,018 
Others  6,978   27,986   4,094 
             
Due within one year  158,512   143,652   21,018 
             
  AmountsAn analysis of the allowance for doubtful accounts due tofrom related parties comprise:for 2005, 2006 and 2007 is as follows:
             
  December 31,
  2004  2005  2005 
  Rmb  Rmb  US$ 
 
Due within one year  42,686   75,189   9,317 
 
             
                 
  December 31,
  2005 2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
Balance at beginning of year        33,170   4,853 
Add:                
Charge to consolidated statements of operations in current year     33,170       
Less:                
Written off        (3,863)  (565)
                 
Balance at end of year     33,170   29,307   4,288 
                 

F-25


             
  December 31,
  2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb US$
Amounts due to:            
SHC & subsidiaries  64,761   183,595   26,863 
YMCL & subsidiaries  3,863   191,184   27,973 
HLMS  9,287   5,742     840 
             
Due within one year  77,911   380,521   55,676 
             
  Related parties include Guangxi Yuchai Mechanical and Electronics Company (“GYMEC”), Hong Leong Management Services Pte, Limited, YMLC,Pte. Ltd. (“HLMS”), TCL, HLGE, YMCL (excluding YMCL loans disclosed in Note 5), State Holding Company (“SHC”) and their subsidiaries and affiliates. At December 31, 2005,2007, the amounts due from/to related parties are unsecured, interest free and arose principally from transactions as disclosed in Note 27.27 and from the purchase of all of the share capital of Yulin Hotel Company (see Note 34). All amounts due from/to related parties are payable on demand.
 
  In June 2006, YMLCYMCL and State Holding Company entered into an agreement with Yuchai to enable Yuchai and its subsidiaries to settle the amounts due from/to YMLC,YMCL, State Holding Company and their subsidiaries on a net basis, i.e. the balance due from/to YMLC,YMCL, State Holding Company, their subsidiaries and affiliates as of December 31, 20052006 and 2007 were offset.offset for settlement purposes only.

F - 29


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
11 Loans to customers, net
  Loans to customers, net referrefers to the designated loans lent by the CompanyYEGCL through financial institutions to customers. The terms of the loan agreements were designated by the Company.Group. The financial institutions assist the CompanyGroup to release the principal to the borrowers and collect the repayment on behalf of the CompanyGroup without bearing the risk of default by customers, if any. The loans carried interest rates rangedranging from 5.31% to 5.85%7.49% per annum and wereare repayable in instalmentsinstallments within one year. The loans are secured and guaranteed by independent third parties.
12 Inventories net
  Inventories comprise:are comprised of:
            
 December 31,            
 2004 2005 2005 December 31
 Rmb Rmb US$ 2006 2007 2007
 Rmb Rmb US$
Raw materials 699,132 1,027,733 127,349  1,058,619 942,798 137,945 
Work in progress 141,659 33,057 4,096  24,251 17,647 2,581 
Finished goods 505,754 575,493 71,311  482,313 686,580 100,457 
              
 1,565,183 1,647,025 240,983 
 1,346,545 1,636,283 202,756        
       

F-26


13 Other receivables, net
  Other receivables, net comprise:
             
  December 31,
   2004   2005   2005
   Rmb   Rmb   US$
 
VAT recoverable (see Note (i))  91,977   96,151   11,914 
Staff loans  8,476   18,075   2,240 
Staff advances  3,306   1,726   214 
Receivable for factoring (see Note (ii))  6,845       
Others  4,810   24,251   3,005 
             
 
   115,414   140,203   17,373 
 
             
Notes:
(i)The VAT recoverable mainly represents a delay in the input VAT approval by the local tax bureau, totalling Rmb58,872 (US$7,295). The amount was subsequently settled in January 2006.

F - 30


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
13Other receivables, net (continued)
Notes: (continued)
(ii)In December 2004, Yuchai sold trade accounts receivable of Rmb64,827 to a commercial bank. The balance represented 10% of the sales amount withheld by the bank that would be released to the Company upon the settlement of the trade accounts receivable. The amount withheld represented the full amounts which might be claimed by the bank pursuant to recourse provisions. The amount was fully settled in 2005.
             
  December 31,
  2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb US$
VAT recoverable  66,005   8,063   1,180 
Staff loans  6,602   3,406   498 
Staff advances  4,803   4,665   682 
Amounts due under guarantee contracts, net (see Note 24(d))  15,189   10,440   1,528 
Land deposit  5,000   5,000   732 
Interest receivable from affiliates  19,658   50,599   7,403 
Others  22,812   14,901   2,180 
             
   140,069   97,074   14,203 
             
14 Property, plant and equipment, net
  Property, plant and equipment, net comprise:
             
  December 31,
   2004   2005   2005
   Rmb   Rmb   US$
 
Buildings  634,544   709,643   87,934 
Machinery and equipment  1,547,112   1,888,567   234,017 
             
 
   2,181,656   2,598,210   321,951 
Less: Accumulated depreciation  1,022,725   1,155,695   143,205 
             
 
Net property, plant and equipment  1,158,931   1,442,515   178,746 
 
             
             
  December 31,
  2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb US$
Buildings, including leasehold improvements  854,241   1,096,622   160,452 
Machinery and equipment  2,119,912   2,426,938   355,096 
Office and computer equipment  97,342   106,995   15,654 
             
   3,071,495   3,630,555   531,202 
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization  1,276,090   1,472,309   215,420 
             
Property, plant and equipment, net  1,795,405   2,158,246   315,782 
             
In 2003, management determined that certain property, plant and equipment would no longer be used in production due to the introduction of new environmental regulations in 2003. These changes required an impairment analysis to be performed in accordance with SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets”. The estimated undiscounted future cash flows generated from such property, plant and equipment were less than their carrying value. The carrying value of such assets was therefore reduced to their estimated fair value. Impairment loss of Rmb12,405 has been included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” in 2003. Management has conducted an impairment review on the conditions of the property, plant and equipment in 2004 and 2005 and considered no impairment loss was deemed necessary in 2004 and 2005.
All of Yuchai and its subsidiaries’ buildings are located in the PRC.
As of December 31, 2004, certain plant and equipment of Yuchai with an aggregate carrying amount of Rmb172,630, was pledged as security under certain loan arrangements (see Note 18(a)). The security was released in 2005.

F - 31


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
14Property, plant and equipment, net (continued)
  Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2003, 20042005, 2006 and 20052007 is included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” as follows:
                 
  December 31,
  2003  2004  2005  2005 
  Rmb  Rmb  Rmb  US$ 
 
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment  3,359   12,998   10,474   1,298 
 
                 
The Company has several non-cancellable operating leases, primarily for offices and warehouses that expire over the next four years. These leases generally contain renewal options for periods ranging from one year to four years.
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) as of December 31, 2005 are:
         
  Rmb  US$ 
 
2006  2,766   343 
2007  2,019   250 
2008  1,084   134 
2009  541   67 
         
 
   6,410   794 
 
         
Rental expense for operating leases is included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” as follows:
                 
  December 31,
  2003  2004  2005  2005 
  Rmb  Rmb  Rmb  US$ 
 
Rental expense  5,159   9,232   8,726   1,081 
 
                 

F - 32


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
                 
  December 31,
  2005 2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment  10,474   1,598   5,926   867 
                 
15 Construction in progress
  Construction in progress comprisesconsists of capital expenditures and capitalized interest charges relating to the following construction of facilities and assembly lines projects:projects as follows:
            
 December 31,            
 2004 2005 2005 December 31,
 Rmb Rmb US$ 2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb US$
Diesel engine production line and facilities projects 211,418 286,050 35,445  172,278 86,543 12,662 
Factories auxiliary facilities 86,134 95,230 11,800  47,680 47,068 6,887 
Second foundry 29,570 26,047 3,228  8,704 12,034 1,761 
Others 51,913 52,575 6,515  59,897 39,276 5,747 
              
 288,559 184,921 27,057 
 379,035 459,902 56,988        
 
       

F-27


16 Lease prepayments net
             
  December 31,
  2004 2005 2005
  Rmb Rmb US$
             
Lease prepayments  99,111   98,157   12,163 
Less: Accumulated amortization  24,344   27,549   3,414 
             
 
Lease prepayments, net  74,767   70,608   8,749 
 
             
The lease prepayments are summarized as follows:
             
  December 31,
  2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb US$
Gross payments for land use rights  155,596   203,127   29,721 
Less: Amounts charged to expense  30,652   35,125   5,140 
             
Lease prepayments  124,944   168,002   24,581 
             
  The land on which the Company’sGroup’s buildings are erected is owned by the PRC Government. Yuchai and its subsidiaries are granted the land use rights of 15 to 50 years in respect of such land. Lease prepayment represents those amounts paid for land use rights to the PRC government. The prepayments are charged ratably to expense over the term of the land use agreement. In the event that land use rights are sold or transferred, the remaining balance of the prepayment is derecognized and any resulting gain or loss is recorded. Lease prepayments charged to expense were Rmb3,339, Rmb3,328 and Rmb4,702 (US$688) for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively.

F - 33


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
17 Investments
(a) Investments as of December 31, 20042006 and 20052007 are summarized as follows:
             
  December 31,
   2004   2005   2005 
  Rmb  Rmb  US$ 
 
Available-for-sale equity securities (see Note)  6,405   6,355   787 
Investments in affiliated companies  648   185,619   23,001 
             
 
   7,053   191,974   23,788 
 
             
             
  December 31,
  2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb US$
Investments in affiliates under the equity method  508,246   505,009   73,890 
Other investments in debt and equity securities of affiliates(see Note 17 (e))  640,192   615,201   90,013 
             
   1,148,438   1,120,210   163,903 
             
Note:Available-for-sale equity securities are non-marketable equity securities and stated at cost due to the lack of information to determine the fair value. The Company did not observe any event or change in circumstances that would have result in the fair value being significantly less than its carrying amount.
(b) Investments in affiliated companiesaffiliates accounted for using the equity method as of December 31, 20042006 and 20052007 are as follows:
            
 December 31,            
 2004 2005 2005  December 31,
 Rmb Rmb US$  2006 2007 2007
 Rmb Rmb US$
Listed:
  
TCL (see Note (i))  185,021 22,927  385,583 387,930 56,760 
HLGE (see Note (ii)) 117,360 112,648 16,482 
Unlisted:
  
Others (see Note (ii)) 648 598 74 
Others (see Note (iii)) 5,303 4,431 648 
              
 508,246 505,009 73,890 
 648 185,619 23,001        
       
The retained earnings of the Company included accumulated losses of Rmb28,555 and Rmb17,098 (US$2,502) attributable from affiliates as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
 
Notes:  
(i) The Company acquired 264,000,000 shares and 17,795,664 shares of TCL’s ordinary shares on March 23, 2005 and September 5, 2005, representing 14.99% and 1.00% interests of the enlarged share capital of TCL at a consideration of Singapore dollars (“S$”) 30,880,000 (equivalent to Rmb152,133)(Rmb152,133) and S$1,400,000 (equivalent to Rmb6,890)(Rmb6,890) respectively. As a result, the Company held a 15.99% stakeequity interest in TCL as of December 31, 2005. Among the 17,795,664 ordinary shares purchased in September 2005, 6,715,196 ordinary shares held by the Company as of December 31, 2005 are subject to a call option which is exercisable by certain members of the Thakral family (“Thakral Family Members”), who are stockholders of TCL.

F - 34


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
17Investments (continued)
(b)Investments in affiliated companies accounted for using the equity method as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 are as follows: (continued)
Notes: (continued)
 
  The option was granted onlyIn February 2006, the Company acquired an additional 3.37% interest in TCL and S$52,933,440 principal amount of convertible bonds of TCL pursuant to Thakral Family Membersa rights issue by the participating creditors in connection with a schemeTCL for an aggregate cash consideration of arrangement dated October 24, 2001 in relation to TCL sanctioned by the High Court of Singapore on November 2, 2001 (“the Scheme”)S$49.4 million (Rmb243,230). The total purchase consideration has been allocated to the ordinary shares, the bond host instrument and the embedded conversion option price payable per TCL share under the call option isbased on their respective fair values of S$0.25 plus an interest of Singapore Interbank offer rate plus 0.5% from March 27, 2002 until the completion of the sale7 million (Rmb34,626), S$33.3 million (Rmb163,924) and purchase of the shares pursuant to an exercise of the call option.S$9.1 million (Rmb44,680). The Company has assessedseparately accounted for the conversion option as an embedded derivative instrument subject to fair value adjustment through earnings. The remaining host instrument of the convertible bonds has been accounted for as an available-for-sale debt security through August 2006, at which time the Company exercised its option and converted the bonds into 529,334,400 ordinary shares of TCL.

F-28


Immediately prior to the conversion, the fair value of the optionsbond host instrument had increased by S$3.3 million (Rmb20,942), which was reclassified from “Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)” and determined thatincluded as a part of the cost of the additional equity interest in TCL acquired as a result of the conversion. The decrease in fair value was not material.of the embedded conversion option of S$1.2 million (Rmb5,662) has been recorded as a charge in the 2006 consolidated statement of operations. The 6,715,196 sharesfair value of the embedded conversion option immediately prior to the conversion of S$7.9 million (Rmb39,984) has also been included in the cost of the additional interest in TCL. The conversion resulted in CYI increasing its interest in TCL were held by a share escrow account on trust for the Company pending release to the Company as of December 31, 2005, subject to the call option. Assuming that the call option is not exercised by the Thakral Family Members, all the 6,715,196 shares of TCL will be released by the share escrow agent to the Company by August 31, 2006.further 17.25%. As of December 31, 2005,2006, the call optionCompany’s equity interest in TCL was 36.61%.
During the year ended 2007, the Company did not acquire new shares in TCL. However, as a result of the conversion of convertible bonds into new ordinary shares by TCL’s third party bondholders, the Company’s interest in TCL has not been exercised.diluted to 34.42%. The loss in dilution was Rmb2,591 (US$379). As of December 31, 2007, the Company held 898,990,352 shares (2006: 898,990,352 shares) of TCL’s ordinary shares.
As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, the Company’s underlying equity in net assets of TCL exceeded the carrying amount of its investment in TCL by Rmb64,897 and Rmb66,063 (US$9,666), respectively, primarily related to the differences between the fair value and book value of certain assets of TCL at the time of the respective acquisitions.
 
  The fair value, based on the quoted market price, of the TCL shares held by the Company was Rmb109,434 (US$13,560)S$80.9 million (Rmb405,560) and S$49.4 million (Rmb 235,047) as of December 31, 2005. Management considers2007 and December 31, 2008 respectively. It is reasonably possible that in 2008 the decline in fair value below the carrying valueCompany will need to be notrecognize an other than temporary as the Company has the ability and intentimpairment charge pertaining to hold its investment in TCLTCL.
(ii)On February 3, 2006, the Company acquired a portfolio of debt and equity securities of HLGE for a period that should allow it to recover its carrying value.an aggregate purchase consideration of approximately S$132 million (Rmb653,178) from several unrelated parties. The portfolio consisted of:
191,413,465 ordinary shares, representing 29.13% of the total issued and outstanding ordinary shares of HLGE;
 
 (ii) Others representS$129,428,256 in principal amount of secured bonds (the “Secured Bonds”);
15,376,318 Series A mandatorily redeemable convertible preference shares of par value S$0.05 each (“RCPS A”); and
107,634,237 Series B redeemable convertible preference shares of par value S$0.05 each (“RCPS B”).
With the investments in the ordinary shares of HLGE, the Company is able to exercise significant influence over the operating and financing policies of HLGE. The investment in the ordinary shares of HLGE has been accounted for under the equity method.
The Secured Bonds were accounted for as available-for-sale securities. The Secured Bonds were due to mature in March 2010, and the interest payable on the bonds was calculated based on the actual net cashflows derived from the assets on which the bonds are secured. The secured bonds were redeemed on July 4, 2006, as described below.
The RCPS A are mandatorily redeemable by HLGE and are more akin to a debt instrument. As such, the conversion option is not clearly and closely related to the host instrument and is therefore accounted for separately as an embedded derivative instrument, subject to the fair value adjustment through earnings. The RCPS A host instrument, other than the embedded conversion option, has been accounted for as an available-for-sale debt security.
RCPS A is redeemable upon the disposal of certain properties and upon any new issue of HLGE ordinary shares with the purpose of raising funds for the redemption of RCPS A. Any outstanding RCPS A will be mandatorily redeemed in March 2015. RCPS A can also be converted into ordinary shares at the conversion ratio of 1:1 upon the passing of a special resolution at a meeting of the holders of the RCPS A any time prior to March 2015.
The RCPS B are neither mandatorily redeemable nor redeemable at the option of the Company and are akin to an equity instrument. The embedded conversion option is deemed to be clearly and closely related to the host instrument and as the RCPS B’s fair value is not readily determinable, the instrument in its entirety has been accounted for under the cost method.
RCPS B is redeemable upon the disposal of certain properties and upon any new issue of HLGE ordinary shares with the purpose of raising funds for the redemption of RCPS B. RCPS B which are not redeemed prior to March 2010, shall be mandatorily converted to ordinary shares at the conversion ratio of 1:1 in March 2010. RCPS B can also be converted into ordinary shares at the conversion ratio of 1:1 upon the passing of a special resolution at a meeting of the holders of the RCPS B any time prior to March 2010.

F-29


The aggregate purchase consideration of S$132 million was allocated to the above instruments based on their respective fair values as follows:
Fair value
S$’000
Secured bonds109,543
RCPS A1,948
RCPS A—Embedded equity derivatives137
RCPS B7,221
Ordinary shares12,766
131,615
In June and December of 2006, HLGE partially redeemed a portion of RCPS A and RCPS B as required by the terms of the preference share agreement as a result of the disposals of certain assets. The proceeds from the partial redemptions amounted to S$2.4 million (Rmb11,907), resulting in a gain of S$1.7 million (Rmb8,907).
On February 28, 2006, HLGE announced a proposed renounceable rights issue of zero coupon unsecured non-convertible bonds due in July 2009 (the “New Bonds”) and non-redeemable convertible cumulative preference shares in the capital of HLGE (the “NCCPS”) to raise funds for the purpose of redeeming existing Secured Bonds and for working capital purposes. On July 4, 2006, in connection with the rights issue, the Company was allotted 196,201,374 of NCCPS and S$130,800,917 in principal amount of the New Bonds at a total consideration of S$135 million (Rmb677,010). In conjunction with the allotment, the Secured Bonds were redeemed at their principal value of S$129.4 million.
At the date of settlement, the fair value of the newly acquired NCCPS and New Bonds was S$8 million and S$109.3 million, respectively, the sum of which exceeded the aggregate of the S$5.3 million cash payment by the Company and the fair value of the Secured Bonds of S$109 million, resulting in a net gain of approximately S$3 million. The gain primarily related to an unrealized gain of S$2.3 million (Rmb19,550) immediately prior to the redemption of the Secured Bonds, which had been included in “Accumulated other comprehensive income/ (loss)” and was reclassified and included in “Other income, net” upon redemption.
The New Bonds have been accounted for as available-for-sale debt securities. The investment in NCCPS, which does not have a readily determinable fair value, was accounted for using the cost method. On November 15, 2006, the Company exercised its right to convert all of its 196,201,374 NCCPS into 196,201,374 new ordinary shares of HLGE. As a result of the conversion of the NCCPS, the Company’s interest in HLGE increased to 45.42% of the total issued and outstanding ordinary shares of HLGE.
On June 19, 2007, HLGE partially redeemed the New Bonds. The proceeds from the partial redemption amounted to S$18.7 million (Rmb88,652), resulting in a gain of Rmb17,478 (US$2,557), from the reclassification into earnings of previously unrealized gains that were included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. The principal amount of the New Bonds was S$130,800,917 before redemption and S$112,886,727 after redemption.
During the year ended 2007, the Company did not acquire new shares in HLGE. However, new ordinary shares were issued by HLGE arising from the third party’s conversion of the NCCPS, and the Company’s interest in HLGE has been diluted to 45.39% (2006: 45.42%). There was an insignificant loss recognized in earnings in 2007 resulting from this dilution. As of December 31, 2007, the Company held 387,614,839 shares (2006: 387,614,839 shares) of HLGE’s ordinary shares. Assuming full conversion of the existing Preference Shares held by the Company which would trigger the full conversion of the existing preference shares held by the other holders, and assuming that none of the other holders of the NCCPS convert their NCCPS, the Company’s equity interest in HLGE would increase from 45.39% to 51.68%.
As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, the Company’s carrying value of its investments in HLGE exceeded its underlying equity in HLGE’s net assets by Rmb148,145 and Rmb139,937 (US$20,475), respectively, primarily related to the differences between the fair value and book value of the certain assets and liabilities of HLGE. These differences will be amortized over the respective periods consistent with the manner in which the underlying assets and liabilities are depreciated or otherwise accreted to HLGE’s earnings, as adjustments to the Company’s share of earnings or loss of HLGE.
The fair value, based on the quoted market price, of the HLGE ordinary shares held by the Company was S$89.2 million (Rmb446,874) and S$21.3 million (Rmb101,344) as of December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2008 respectively. The fair values of its other debt and equity investments in HLGE at December 31, 2008 have not yet been determined.
It is reasonably possible that in 2008 the Company will need to recognize an other than temporary impairment charge pertaining to its investments in HLGE.

F-30


(iii)Represents the Company’s interests in certain entities in the PRC in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence in its financial and operating policy decisions, but doesdo not have the controlling financial interests.

F - 35


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
17Investments (continued) The Company’s equity in net loss of these PRC entities amounts to Rmb198 (US$29).
(c) Summarized consolidated financial information regardingof TCL as of December 31, 20052006 and for2007, and the period from March 23, 2005 toyears ended December 31, 20052006 and 2007 is as follows:
            
         December 31, December 31, December 31,
 December 31,
2005
 December 31,
2005
  2006 2007 2007
 Rmb US$  Rmb Rmb US$
Financial position
  
 
Current assets 932,008 115,488  979,767 941,398 137,740 
Property, plant and equipment, net 173,266 21,470  113,457 96,405 14,105 
Other assets 453,327 56,173  369,498 407,627 59,642 
            
Total assets 1,558,601 193,131  1,462,722 1,445,430 211,487 
       
     
Current liabilities 337,971 41,879  139,208 102,736 15,032 
Non-current liabilities 1,034 128 
Long term debts 32,076 3,975 
     
Long term debt 65,497 1,549 227 
       
Total liabilities 371,081 45,982  204,705 104,285 15,259 
     
Minority interests 30,416 3,769  27,256 22,165 3,243 
     
       
Stockholders’ equity 1,157,104 143,380  1,230,761 1,318,980 192,985 
       
Total liabilities, minority interests and stockholders’ equity 1,462,722 1,445,430 211,487 
            
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity 1,558,601 193,131 
     
             
  Year ended Year ended Year ended
  December 31, 2006 December 31, 2007 December 31, 2007
  Rmb Rmb US$
Statement of operations
            
Revenue  1,225,028   1,451,188   212,330 
Gross profit  62,796   88,446   12,941 
Operating profit/(loss)  (97,426)  25,915   3,792 
Income tax credit/(expense)  9,089   (9,011)  (1,319)
             
Income/(loss) before minority interest  (88,337)  16,904   2,473 
Minority interests in income of consolidated subsidiaries  4,997   2,367   346 
             
Net income/(loss)  (83,340)  14,537   2,127 
             
The Company’s equity in income/(loss) of TCL  (23,923)  5,925   867 
             
The Company’s equity in income/(loss) of TCL, net of nil tax, is determined as follows:
             
  Year ended Year ended Year ended
  December 31, 2006 December 31, 2007 December 31, 2007
  Rmb Rmb US$
Based on the respective equity interest  (24,448  4,997   731 
Adjustment to account for the basis difference  525   928   136 
             
   (23,923)  5,925   867 
             

F - 36F-31


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
17   Investments (continued)
(c)(d) Summarized consolidated financial information regarding TCLof HLGE as of December 31, 20052006 and 2007 and for the period from March 23, 2005February 3, 2006 to December 31, 20052006 and the year ended December 31, 2007 is as follows: (continued)
         
  Period from  Period from 
  March 23, 2005  March 23, 2005 
  to December 31,  to December 31, 
  2005  2005 
  Rmb  US$ 
Results of operations        
         
Net sales        
   Supply chain management  1,531,913   189,823 
   Others  109,526   13,572 
         
         
   1,641,439   203,395 
Cost of goods sold  (1,508,247)  (186,890)
         
 
Gross profit  133,192   16,505 
Selling, general and administrative expenses  (191,161)  (23,688)
         
 
Operating loss  (57,969)  (7,183)
Finance cost  (9,338)  (1,157)
Other income  34,906   4,325 
Equity in profit of affiliates  281   35 
         
         
Loss before income taxes and minority interests  (32,120)  (3,980)
Income tax expense  (6,086)  (754)
         
         
Loss before minority interests  (38,206)  (4,734)
Minority interests in income of consolidated subsidiaries  6,232   772 
         
         
Net loss  (31,974)  (3,962)
         
         
             
  December 31, December 31, December 31,
  2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb US$
Financial position
            
             
Current assets  371,762   356,135   52,108 
Property, plant and equipment, net  92,278   86,331   12,632 
Other assets  347,807   303,193   44,361 
   
Total assets  811,847   745,659   109,101 
   
Current liabilities  62,065   51,850   7,586 
Non-current liabilities  817,560   753,930   110,311 
   
Total liabilities  879,625   805,780   117,897 
   
Stockholders’ deficit  (67,778)  (60,121)  (8,796)
   
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit  811,847   745,659   109,101 
       
         
Other financial information:        
— Interest revenue  5,703   707 
— Interest expenses  9,338   1,157 
— Depreciation and amortisation  10,576   1,311 
— Significant non-cash transactions:        
        Bad debt expense  11,629   1,441 
        Provision for inventory write-down  33,493   4,150 
        Impairment loss to property, plant and equipment  16,031   1,986 
             
  Period from    
  February 3, 2006 to Year ended Year ended
  December 31, 2006 December 31, 2007 December 31, 2007
  Rmb Rmb US$
Statement of operations
            
Revenue  37,110   30,065   4,399 
Gross profit  19,133   18,009   2,635 
Operating profit  (2,556)  22,502   3,293 
Income tax expense  (265)  (2,376)  (348)
             
Income before minority interest  (2,821)  20,126   2,945 
Equity in net income/(loss), net of affiliates  (18,853)  8,751   1,280 
             
Profit/(loss) from continuing operations  (21,674)  28,877   4,225 
Income from discontinued operations  44,213       
             
Net income  22,539   28,877   4,225 
             
The Company’s equity in income of HLGE  1,395   8,321   1,218 
             
The Company’s equity in income of HLGE, net of nil tax, is determined as follows:
             
  Period from    
  February 3, 2006 Year ended Year ended
  to December 31, December 31, December 31,
  2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb US$
Based on the respective equity interest  6,865   11,716   1,715 
Adjustment to account for the basis difference  (5,470)  (3,395)  (497)
             
   1,395   8,321   1,218 
             

F-32

F - 37


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
(e)Other investments as of December 31, 2006 and 2007 not described above are summarized as follows:
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
             
  2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb US$
Available for sale securities, at fair value:            
             
Unsecured bonds  589,637   558,852   81,768 
             
RCPS A  10,646   12,736   1,864 
             
Embedded derivatives            
             
RCPS A — Embedded equity derivatives  1,505   7,383   1,080 
             
Investment securities, at cost:            
             
Unquoted equity securities  6,355   6,255   915 
             
RCPS B  32,049   29,975   4,386 
             
   640,192   615,201   90,013 
             
The maximum loss that would be incurred arising from all financial instruments in the event that HLGE failed to perform according to terms of the contracts, would be represented by their fair values of Rmb608,946 (US$89,097) (2006: Rmb633,837).
Initial fair value, gross unrealized holding gain, and period-end fair value of available-for-sale securities as of December 31, 2007, were as follows:
                 
      Gross unrealized Carrying value Carrying value
  Initial fair value holding gains (Fair value) (Fair value)
  Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
Unsecured bonds of HLGE  461,645   97,207   558,852   81,768 
                 
RCPS A of HLGE  8,513   4,223   12,736   1,864 
                 
   470,158   101,430   571,588   83,632 
                 
The fair values of available-for-sale securities are estimated using the discounted cash flow methodology.
Maturities of securities classified as available-for-sale were as follows as of December 31, 2006 and 2007:
             
  December 31, December 31, December 31,
  2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb US$
Due after one year through five years  589,637   558,852   81,768 
Due after five years through ten years  10,646   12,736   1,864 
18 DebtBank debt
(a) Short-term bank loans
  Short-term bank loans wereare denominated in Renminbi as follows:
             
  December 31,
  2004  2005  2005 
  Rmb  Rmb  US$ 
 
Renminbi denominated loans  430,000   812,835   100,721 
 
             
             
  December 31,
  2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb US$
Renminbi denominated loans  806,506   819,164   119,855 
Singapore dollars denominated loans  202,628       
             
   1,009,134   819,164   119,855 
             
  The weighted average interest rate of short-term bank loans at December 31, 20042006 and 20052007 was 5.28%4.05% and 5.52%4.03% per annum, respectively.
 
  As of December 31, 2004,2006, short-term bank loans consist of Rmb50,000, were secured by the pledgeunsecured loans of certainRmb512,628 (US$74,737) and unsecured bonds of Yuchai’s plant and equipment (see Note 14)Rmb496,506 (US$72,386). The amount was fully repaid in 2005.
 
  As of December 31, 2005,2007, short-term bank loans consist of Rmb42,835unsecured loans of Rmb170,000 (US$5,308), were secured by the pledge24,873) and unsecured bonds of certain Yuchai’s trade accounts receivable (see Note 9)Rmb649,164 (US$94,982).

F-33


(b) Long-term bank loans
  Yuchai’s long-termLong-term bank loans comprise:
                                
 Interest rate   Interest rate  
 at December 31, December 31, at December 31, December 31,
 2005 2004 2005 2005  2007 2006 2007 2007
 (per annum) Rmb Rmb US$  (per annum) Rmb Rmb US$
Renminbi denominated loans: 
— due in 2006  4.94% - 5.49% 100,000 100,000 12,391 
— due in 2007  5.85%  50,000 6,196 
US$ denominated loans (unless otherwise stated): 
Due in 2008 (multi-currency)  3.01% - 3.24% 575,454  457,787(a),(c)&(d) 66,981 
Due in 2010 (multi-currency)  2.68% - 3.01%   225,142(e) 32,941 
Due in 2010 (RMB denominated loans)  5.85% 100,000 85,000 12,437 
                
Total long-term bank loans outstanding 100,000 150,000 18,587  675,454 767,929 112,359 
Less: Amounts due within one year included under current liabilities  100,000 12,391     
                
Amounts due after one year 100,000 50,000 6,196  675,454 767,929 112,359 
         
       
  All long-term bank loans were unsecuredare unsecured. The carrying amount of long-term bank loans approximates their fair value based on the borrowing rates currently available for bank loans with similar terms and average maturities.
Notes:
(a)The debt is classified as oflong term because the Company has entered into a financing agreement that clearly permits the Company to refinance the short-term obligation on a long term basis.
(b)Unused commitments for total bank facilities was Rmb2,658,071 (US$388,914) as at December 31, 2004 and 2005.2007. The commitment fee incurred was Rmb191 (US$28).
(c)US$50.0 million credit facility with Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, Singapore Branch (“Sumitomo”):
On September 7, 2005, in order to fund its business expansion plans, the Company entered into a revolving credit facility agreement with Sumitomo with a committed aggregate value of US$50.0 million for a three years duration. Among other things, the terms of the facility require that Hong Leong Asia Ltd. (“HLA”) retains ownership of the Company’s special share and that the Company remains a consolidated subsidiary of HLA. The terms of the facility also include certain financial covenants with respect to the Company’s tangible net worth (as defined in the agreement) as at June 30 and December 31 of each year not being less than US$120,000 and the ratio of the Company’s total net debt (as defined in the agreement) to tangible net worth as at June 30 and December 31 of each year not exceeding 2.0 times, as well as negative pledge provisions and customary drawdown requirements. At all times during the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company was in compliance with these financial covenants. The Company has also undertaken to make available to Sumitomo, within 180 days after the end of its financial year (beginning with financial year 2005), copies of its audited consolidated accounts as at the end of and for that financial year. A waiver from compliance with this undertaking in relation to the production of the 2006 and 2007 audited consolidated accounts has been received from Sumitomo granting an extension of time until July 18, 2008 and September 30, 2008 respectively. On September 6, 2008, this credit facility with Sumitomo expired and the bridging loan as stated in note 35(b) was used to partially refinance this facility which was fully repaid.
(d)US$25.0 million credit facility with Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, UFJ Ltd, Singapore Branch (“BOTM”):
On March 23, 2005, in furtherance of its business expansion plans, the Company entered into a revolving credit facility agreement with the BOTM with a committed aggregate value of US$25.0 million for a three years duration. Among other things, the terms of the facility require that HLA retains ownership of the Company’s special share and that the Company remains a consolidated subsidiary of HLA. The terms of the facility also include certain financial covenants with respect to the Company’s tangible net worth (as defined in the agreement) as at June 30 and December 31 of each year not being less than US$120,000 and the ratio of the Company’s total net debt (as defined in the agreement) to tangible net worth as at June 30 and December 31 of each year not exceeding 2.0 times, as well as negative pledge provisions and customary drawdown requirements. At all times during the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company was in compliance with these financial covenants. On March 20, 2008, this credit facility expired and the new facility with same bank as stated in note 35(a) was used to refinance this facility which was fully repaid.

F - 38F-34


(e)US$40.0 million credit facility with Sumitomo:
CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBEROn March 30, 2007, the Company entered into an unsecured multi-currency revolving credit facility agreement with Sumitomo for an aggregate of US$40.0 million to refinance the S$60.0 million facility with OCBC that was due to mature on July 26, 2007. The facility is available for three years from the date of the facility agreement and will be utilized by the Company to finance its long-term general working capital requirements. The terms of the facility require, among other things, that HLA retains ownership of the special share and that the Company remains a principal subsidiary (as defined in the facility agreement) of HLA. The terms of the facility also include certain financial covenants with respect to the Company’s tangible net worth (as defined in the agreement) as at June 30 and December 31 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(CONTINUED)
(Rmbof each year not being less than US$120 million and US$ amounts expressedthe ratio of our total net debt (as defined in thousands, except perthe agreement) to tangible net worth as at June 30 and December 31 of each year not exceeding 2.0 times, as well as negative pledge provisions and customary drawdown requirements. The Company has also undertaken to make available to the bank, within 180 days after the end of its financial year (beginning with financial year 2007), copies of its audited consolidated accounts as at the end of and for that financial year. A waiver from compliance with this undertaking in relation to the production of the 2007 audited consolidated accounts has been received from the bank granting an extension of time until February 28, 2009.
(f)S$60.0 million credit facility with Oversea-Chinese Banking Corporation Limited (“OCBC”):
On January 26, 2006, in furtherance of its acquisitions and business expansion plans, the Company entered into a revolving credit facility agreement with OCBC with a committed aggregate value of S$60.0 million for a period of 18 months. Among other terms, the terms of the facility require that HLA retains ownership of the Company’s special share data)and that the Company remains a consolidated subsidiary of HLA. The terms of the facility also include certain financial covenants with respect to the Company’s tangible net worth (as defined in the agreement) as at 30 June and 31 December of each year not being less than US$120,000, and the ratio of the Company’s total net debt (as defined in the agreement) to tangible net worth as at 30 June and 31 December of each year not exceeding 2.0 times, as well as negative pledge provisions and customary drawdown requirements. At all times during the period from January 1, 2007 to July 26, 2007, the Company was in compliance with these financial covenants. The loan has been fully repaid as at December 31, 2007.
19 Convertible debt
  On February 23, 2005, the Company issued US$25,000 (Rmb206,913) in principal amount of convertible debt (the “Convertible Debt”) on a private placement basis. The Convertible Debt bearconvertible debt bore an interest rate of 2% per annum and was due to mature in 2012, unless redeemed earlier in accordance with the terms of the Convertible Debt.convertible debt. The Convertible Debt were fully exercised andconvertible debt was converted to 1,927,673 ordinary shares on June 3, 2005, thereby increasing the Company’s issued and outstanding shares from 35,340,000 ordinary shares to 37,267,673 ordinary shares.
20 Accrued expenses and other liabilities
  Accrued expenses and other liabilities comprise:
            
 December 31,            
 2004 2005 2005  December 31,
 Rmb Rmb US$  2006 2007 2007
 Rmb Rmb US$
Deposits from customers 54,165 96,936 12,012  57,577 32,951 4,821 
Staff welfare payable (see Note) 15,041 15,041 1,864 
Staff welfare payable (see Note (i)) 15,041 15,041 2,201 
Accrued product warranty (see Note 21) 126,114 142,126 17,611  163,701 194,898 28,516 
Wages payable 110,577 98,732 12,234  127,382 153,270 22,426 
Management bonus payable 36,574 19,092 2,366 
Management bonus payable (see Note (ii)) 15,035 94,312 13,799 
Payable for construction in progress 39,139 39,330 4,873  49,147 67,707 9,907 
Accrued research and development expenses 16,472 24,952 3,092  26,947 8,559 1,252 
Accrued advertising expense 7,225 3,817 473  4,165 13,096 1,916 
Accrued legal fee and other professional fees 2,762 5,050 626  3,421 14,298 2,092 
Accrued expenses for litigation and guarantees (see Notes 24(c) and (d)) 15,268 18,921 2,344  7,849 7,102 1,039 
Individual income tax withholding 8,161 10,250 1,270  3,890 10,124 1,481 
Other accruals and liabilities 53,422 97,470 12,078 
       
 484,920 571,717 70,843 
       
VAT payable  13,816 2,021 
Guarantee deposit  10,000 1,463 
Accrued sales discount 59,769 94,055 13,762 
Accrued interest 2,749 2,133 312 
Other payables 20,764 628 92 

F-35


             
  December 31,
  2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb US$
Accrued retirement benefits  5,747   5,747   841 
Other accruals and liabilities  76,166   208,938   30,571 
             
   639,350   946,675   138,512 
             
 
Note:Note (i): Staff welfare payable is determined by Yuchai’s Board of Directors. The payable can be applied towards the payment of special bonuses or collective welfare benefits to staff and workers of Yuchai, such as staff dormitories and staff welfare facilities.
(ii):Yuchai has a management bonus plan for its executives under which annual incentive bonuses in an aggregate amount of 3.5% to 10% of Yuchai’s after-tax profit will be paid upon Yuchai achieving the required budgeted after-tax profit as approved by Yuchai’s Board of Directors. There are no benefits provided to the directors of the Company or Yuchai upon their termination of employment.

F - 39F-36


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
21 Accrued product warranty
  An analysis of the accrued product warranty for 2003, 20042005, 2006 and 20052007 is as follows:
                
 December 31,                
 2003 2004 2005 2005 December 31,
 Rmb Rmb Rmb US$ 2005 2006 2007 2007
 Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
Balance at beginning of year 66,864 101,215 126,114 15,627  126,114 142,126 163,701 23,952 
Allowance charged to consolidated statements of income 162,369 190,205 179,184 22,203 
Less: Allowance utilized  (128,018)  (165,306)  (163,172)  (20,219)
         
Allowance charged to consolidated statements of operations 179,184 200,892 233,838 34,214 
Less: Amounts utilized  (163,172)  (179,317)  (202,641)  (29,650)
         
Balance at end of year 101,215 126,114 142,126 17,611  142,126 163,701 194,898 28,516 
         
         
22 Statutory reserves
  The Company’s attributable share in the statutory reserves of Yuchai and its subsidiaries for the three years ended December 31, 20052007 is as follows:
                 
  December 31,
   2003   2004   2005   2005
   Rmb   Rmb   Rmb   US$
 
Statutory general reserve (see Note (ii))
                
 
Balance at January 1  116,702   156,111   170,041   21,070 
Transfer from consolidated statements of income  39,409   13,930   239   30 
                 
 
Balance at December 31  156,111   170,041   170,280   21,100 
 
                 
Statutory public welfare fund (see Note (iii))
                
 
Balance at January 1  28,398   48,103   70,482   8,734 
Transfer from consolidated statements of income  19,705   22,379   2,549   316 
                 
 
Balance at December 31  48,103   70,482   73,031   9,050 
 
                 
General surplus reserve
                
 
Balance at January 1 and December 31  25,706   25,706   25,706   3,185 
 
                 
 
Total
  229,920   266,229   269,017   33,335 
 
                 

F - 40


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
22Statutory reserves (continued)
                 
  December 31,
  2005 2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
Statutory general reserve (see Note (ii))
                
                 
Balance at January 1  170,041   170,280   171,280   25,061 
Transfer from retained earnings  239   1,000   2,753   403 
                 
Balance at December 31  170,280   171,280   174,033   25,464 
                 
                 
Statutory public welfare fund (see Note (iii))
                
                 
Balance at January 1  70,482   70,600   70,600   10,330 
Transfer from retained earnings  118          
                 
Balance at December 31  70,600   70,600   70,600   10,330 
                 
General surplus reserve
                
                 
Balance at January 1 and December 31  25,706   25,706   25,706   3,761 
                 
Total
  266,586   267,586   270,339   39,555 
                 
 
Notes:
 
(i) In accordance with the relevant regulations in the PRC, Yuchai and its subsidiaries are required to provide certain statutory reserves which are designated for specific purposes based on the net income reported in the PRC GAAP financial statements. The reserves are not distributable in the form of cash dividends (see Note 30).
 
(ii) In accordance with the relevant regulations in the PRC, a 10% appropriation to the statutory general reserve based on the net income reported in the PRC financial statements is required until the balance reaches 50% of the authorized share capital of Yuchai and its subsidiaries. Statutory general reserve can be used to make good previous years’ losses, if any, and may be converted into share capital by the issue of new shares to stockholders in proportion to their existing shareholdings, or by increasing the par value of the shares currently held by them, provided that the reserve balance after such issue is not less than 25% of the authorized share capital.
 
(iii) Yuchai and its subsidiaries shall determine to transfer 5% to 10% of its net income reported in the PRC financial statements to the statutory public welfare fund. There is no limit on the amount that may be allocated to this fund. This fund can only be utilized on capital expenditure for the collective welfare of Yuchai and its subsidiaries’ employees, such as the construction of dormitories, canteen and other welfare facilities, and cannot be utilized to pay staff welfare expenses. The transfer to this fund must be made before the distribution of a dividend to stockholders. Since January 1, 2006, in accordance with the amended Company’s policy, the contribution to the fund ceased.

F-37


23 Commitments
  At December 31, 2005, Yuchai2007, the Group had the following commitments:
         
  December 31,
   2005   2005
   Rmb   US$
Authorized and contracted for: 
        
 
Improvement to existing production facilities  214,098   26,529 
 
         

F - 41


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
         
  December 31,
  2007 2007
  Rmb US$
Authorized and contracted for:
        
         
Improvement to existing production facilities  112,880   16,516 
         
The Group has several non-cancellable operating leases, primarily for offices and warehouses that expire over the next four years. These leases generally contain renewal options for periods ranging from one year to four years.
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) as of December 31, 2007 are:
         
  Rmb US$
2008  5,398   790 
2009  3,338   488 
2010  2,451   359 
2011  866   127 
2012 and thereafter  24   3 
         
   12,077   1,767 
         
Rental expense for operating leases is included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” as follows:
                 
  December 31,
  2005 2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
Rental expense  8,726   10,113   10,780   1,577 
                 
24 Contingencies
(a) Product liability
 
  The General Principles of the Civil Law of China and the Industrial Product Quality Liability Regulations imposes that manufacturers and sellers are liable for loss and injury caused by defective products. Yuchai and its subsidiaries do not carry product liability insurance. Yuchai and its subsidiaries have not had any significant product liability claims brought against them.
(b) Environmental liability
China adopted its Environmental Protection Law in 1989, and the State Council and the State Environmental Protection Agency promulgate regulations as required from time to time. The Environmental Protection Law addresses issues relating to environmental quality, waste disposal and emissions, including air, water and noise emissions. Environmental regulations have not had a material impact on Yuchai’s results of operations. Yuchai delivers, on a regular basis, burned sand and certain other waste products to a waste disposal site approved by the local government and makes payments in respect thereof. Yuchai expects that environmental standards and their enforcement in China will, as in many other countries, become more stringent over time, especially as technical advances make achievement of higher standards more feasible. Yuchai has built an air filter system to reduce the level of dust and fumes resulting from its production of diesel engines. The PRC emission standard equivalent to Euro III is expected to be implemented progressively throughout China from 2008. Yuchai believes it will be able to comply with the new standard.
 
  The Group’s production is subject to certain environment protection laws and regulations in the PRC. In addition, the manufacture and sales of EUROEuro I engines in major urban area became unlawful after DecemberAugust 31, 2004. After that date, the engines equipped with EUROEuro I engines cannot be sold and used in major urban area. The Company considersmanufacture and sale of Euro II engines is expected to be progressively phased out starting June 30, 2008 and the PRC emission standard equivalent to Euro III has been implemented progressively throughout China from July 1, 2008. There can be no assurance that Yuchai will be able to comply with these emission standards or that the compliance with applicable environment protection lawsintroduction of these and other environmental regulations will not have anyresult in a material adverse impacteffect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

F-38


Yuchai is subject to Chinese national and local environmental protection regulations which currently impose fees for the discharge of waste substances, require the payment of fines for pollution, and provide for the closure by the Chinese government of any facility that fails to comply with orders requiring Yuchai to cease or improve upon certain activities causing environmental damage. Due to the nature of its business, Yuchai produces certain amounts of waste water, gas, and solid waste materials during the course of its subsidiaries.production. Yuchai believes its environmental protection facilities and systems are adequate for it to comply with the existing national, provincial and local environmental protection regulations. However, Chinese national, provincial or local authorities may impose additional or more stringent regulations which would require additional expenditure on environmental matters or changes in our processes or systems.
(c) Dispute with Bank of China
  In 2003, the Yulin Branch of Bank of China (“BOC”) initiated legal proceedings to recover Rmb6,603 (US$818) from Yuchai based on an irrevocable letter of guarantee issued by Yuchai to the BOC in 1993 to secure a loan of US$550 to Great Wall Machinery Plant (“Great Wall”). At trial, a Yulin court ruled that if Great Wall could not pay the loan, Yuchai would be liable to pay the guaranteed sum to the BOC. Yuchai appealed unsuccessfully.
 
  In January 2004, the State Holding Company issued a letter of commitment confirming that it would reimburse Yuchai in the event that Yuchai was required to pay on this guarantee.
 
  Based on the advice from the Company’s Legal Counsel, the Company has recorded a loss contingency equal to the amount of the claim. The amounts due to the BOC and from the State Holding Company have been recorded in “Accrued expenses and other liabilities” and “Amounts due from related parties”, respectively.
 
  In 2005, 2006 and 2007, there were no new developments in this case.

F - 42


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
24Contingencies (continued)
(d) Guarantees
  YEGCL guaranteed borrowingsprovides guarantees of Rmb7,605 and Rmb178,480 (US$22,116)loans granted by commercial banks in the PRC to unrelated parties in 2004 and 2005, respectively. The borrowings are due in equal monthly or quarterly instalments through one to two years. The guarantees were made to individual personsthird-party individuals who applied for mortgagehave obtained the loans from commercial banks to purchase automobiles equipped with diesel engines produced by Yuchai. During the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006, YEGCL guaranteed new borrowings of Rmb153,538 and Rmb88,991, respectively. YEGCL ceased issuing guarantees on new borrowings from late 2006. The guarantees cover the entire principal amount of the loan, which generally has a term of one to two years with equal monthly or quarterly installment payments by the borrower. The guarantees are forsecured by cash deposits from the entire amountindividual to YEGCL and termby the automobile. In the event of defaults on payment, YEGCL would be required under its guarantee to make payments to the banks on behalf of the borrowings. borrowers.
In return for issuing the guarantee, YEGCL receives a premium fee amountedranging from 1% to 2% to 8%3% of the loan amount of borrowings. All guarantees are secured by automobiles at a net book value totalling Rmb11,693 and Rmb242,216 (US$30,014) atfor the years ending December 31, 20042005, 2006 and 2005, respectively. If2007, respectively, which is considered to be the individual defaults on payment, YEGCL would have to perform underfair value of YEGCL’s guarantee at its inception and is recorded as a liability in accordance with the guarantees. It is reasonably possible that YEGCL would be required to make payment under its guarantees. As of December 31, 2004 and 2005, the maximum amount of undiscounted payments that YEGCL would have to make in the event of default is Rmb7,422 and Rmb134,235 (US$16,633). Pursuant to the requirementsprovisions of FIN 45, the Company accrued Rmb22045. The Group received Rmb4,268, Rmb4,250 and Rmb16,811Rmb nil (US$2,083) related to its stand ready obligation under the guarantee arrangementnil) of premium fees in 20042005, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The amount2007, respectively, which are included in “Accrued expenses and other liabilities” and recognized during the year ended December 31, 2004 and 2005 includes premium received or receivable, which is amortizedas revenue on a straight line basis over the terms of the guarantees, of Rmb220respective guarantee. Guarantee fees recognized as revenue in 2005, 2006 and Rmb4,4932007 amounted to Rmb1,167, Rmb4,718 and Rmb2,176 (US$557)318), respectively. The amount of premium being amortized, which were recorded as revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2004 and 2005 were amounted to Rmb 14 and Rmb 1,167 (US$145), respectively. The remaining balance of Rmb 12,318 (US$1,526) asAs of December 31, 2005, represents the provision for loss contingency related2006 and 2007, deferred guarantee fee revenue amounted to the guarantees where payment by the Company was probable.Rmb3,326, Rmb2,858 and Rmb682 (US$100), respectively.
 
(e) Outstanding bills discountedSubsequent to initial measurement and recognition of the liability for YEGCL’s obligations under with these loan guarantees, management evaluates YEGCL’s guarantee portfolio and accounts for potential loss contingencies associated with the guarantees based on the estimated losses resulting from known and expected defaults. Each guarantee is secured by a cash deposit from the borrower and a security interest in the automobile purchased by the borrower. As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, YEGCL had gross receivables of Rmb26,896 and Rmb20,162 (US$2,950), respectively, relating to payments made by YEGCL to the banks in conjunction with loans that had been defaulted and to be recovered from the individual borrowers. YEGCL recorded a bad debt allowance in the amount of Rmb12,467 and Rmb9,722 (US$1,422) for other receivables, and Rmb2,611 and Rmb1,119 for potential losses associated with the guarantee at December 31, 2006 and 2007 respectively. The net receivable amount of Rmb15,189 and Rmb10,440 (US$1,528), is included in “Other receivables, net ” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets (See Note 13).
 
  As of December 31, 2005,2006 and 2007, the maximum potential amount future undiscounted payments YEGCL could be required to make under the guarantees was Rmb132,345 and Rmb43,701 (US$6,394), respectively. YEGCL held cash deposits of Rmb12,389 and Rmb9,999 as of December 31, 2006 and 2007 and security interests in automobiles with an aggregate initial purchase value of Rmb431,781 and Rmb380,080 as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively. If, in the event of default the cash deposits and the amount of recoveries, if any, from repossession of the automobiles may not entirely mitigate YEGCL’s losses then, YEGCL accumulates the total expected risk against the total expected recoverable amount and provides for any expected shortfall. Accordingly, management recorded an accrual for potential losses associated with the guarantees in the amount of Rmb2,611 and Rmb1,119 (US$164) as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, included in “Accrued expenses and other liabilities”.

F-39


An analysis of reserves for potential losses associated with the guarantees including amounts paid to banks in connection with guarantees issued by YEGCL is as follows:
             
  December 31
  2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb US$
Balance at beginning of year  13,571   15,078   2,206 
Charged/(credited) to consolidated statements of operations  1,507   (4,237)  (620)
             
Balance at end of year  15,078   10,841   1,586 
             
Balance allocated to:            
Allowance for uncollectible other receivables  12,467   9,722   1,422 
Potential losses associated with the guarantees  2,611   1,119   164 
             
   15,078   10,841   1,586 
             
(e)Outstanding bank bills discounted
As of December 31, 2007, outstanding bills receivable discounted with banks for which the CompanyGroup has retained a recourse obligation totalled Rmb1,373,723totaled Rmb171,221 (US$170,222)25,052). Management has assessed the fair value of the recourse obligation arising from these discounted bank bills to be immaterial based on the Company’s default experience and the credit status of the issuing banks.
(f) Outstanding letters of credit
  As of December 31, 2005,2007, the CompanyGroup issued irrevocable letters of credit totalled Rmb110,257totaling Rmb82,149 (US$13,662)12,020).
(g) Other outstanding litigation
  In addition to the matters disclosed in Note 24(c), the CompanyGroup is involved in various other claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.

F - 43


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
25 Dispute with State Holding Company
  The Company has from time to time in the period up to 20052006 encountered difficulties in obtaining the cooperation of the State Holding Company, and its former Chairman, MrMr. Wang Jianming, in the daily management and operation of Yuchai, including obtaining payments of the Company’s share of the final 2001 dividend declared in August 2002. MrMr. Wang Jianming ceased to serve as the Chairman, legal representative and chief executive officer of Yuchai, as well as the Chairman and legal representative of the State Holding Company, the principal Chinese shareholder of Yuchai with effect from October 28, 2005. The new Chairman and legal representative of these companies is MrMr. Yan Ping whose appointment was confirmed on December 2, 2005.
 
  The Chinese stakeholders had previously asserted that the transfer of ownership of shares with respect to Yuchai in November 1994, in connection with the Company’s initial public offering (“IPO”), was not validly approved by the Chinese authorities, and that as a result the Company’s exercise of control over Yuchai has been improper.
 
  As a result of a number of meetings between the parties, the Company and Yuchai entered into an agreement in July 2003 (the “July 2003 Agreement”) to work together in trying to jointly promote mutual plans to enhance the Company’s shareholder value.
 
  On April 7, 2005, the Company entered into a ReorganisationReorganization Agreement (“ReorganisationReorganization Agreement”) with Yuchai and Coomber in furtherance of the terms of the July 2003 Agreement, and the terms of this agreement were acknowledged and agreed to by the State Holding Company. The ReorganisationReorganization Agreement was extended to December 31, 2006 by way of the ReorganisationReorganization Agreement Amendment No.1 dated December 2, 2005. The Reorganisation2005 and then extended to June 30, 2007 by way of the Reorganization Agreement Amendment No.2 dated November 30, 2006. The Reorganization Agreement Amendments No.1 wasand No.2 were similarly acknowledged and agreed to by the State Holding Company.
 
  On June 30, 2007, the Company entered into the Cooperation Agreement with Yuchai, Coomber and the State Holding Company. The principalCooperation Agreement amends certain terms contained in the Reorganisation Agreement relating to governance related issues have been addressed by Yuchai.
Yuchai has taken all necessary steps and submitted all necessary documents to enable the amended and restated Articles of Association of Yuchai as approved by its directors and shareholders in 1996 incorporating the corporate governance guidelines approved by its directors and shareholders on November 1, 2002 to be approved, formalized, endorsed, registered and filed with the relevant governmental authorities. The formal approval of these amended Articles of Association is awaited from the PRC Ministry of Commerce (“MOC”).
Promptly upon receipt of the approval fromReorganization Agreement, as amended, among CYI, Yuchai and Coomber, and as so amended, incorporates the MOCterms of the Articles of Association, Yuchai would formalizeReorganization Agreement. The Reorganization Agreement was terminated on June 30, 2007. The Cooperation Agreement provides that the implementation of the corporate governance guidelines approved by its directorsparties will explore new business opportunities and shareholders on November 1, 2002 and establish an appropriate corporate governance structure conforming to international custom and practice.
Yuchai has begun to implement the compliance programmeventures for the internal controls over financial reportinggrowth and expansion of Yuchai with respectYuchai’s existing businesses. Although the parties to section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.Cooperation Agreement expect to work towards its implementation as expeditiously as possible, no assurance can be given as to when the transactions contemplated therein will be consummated.

F - 44F-40


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
25Dispute with State Holding Company (continued)
Up to the date of this report:
(i)the board and shareholders of Yuchai have, at a duly convened board meeting held on April 21, 2005 and a duly convened shareholders meeting held on May 16, 2005, approved the following principal matters relating to the Reorganisation Agreement:
-the proposed capitalization of YMLC was varied by the board of directors of Yuchai at its meeting on April 21, 2005 and approved by its shareholders. Coomber has assumed the obligation to return Rmb165,400 (US$20,495) of the authorized Rmb205,000 (US$25,402) loan that was made by Yuchai to YMLC and which had been guaranteed by Coomber to Yuchai by December 6, 2005. The remaining Rmb39,600 (US$4,907) loan would remain as a loan by Yuchai to YMLC and would only be injected as share capital of YMLC after the successful spin-off of Yuchai in line with the terms of the Reorganisation Agreement;
-a dividend payment for the financial years ended December 31, 2003 and 2004 in the amount of Rmb302,713;
-the establishment and appointment of members of three sub-committees under the board, comprising the nominations committee, the remuneration committee and the audit committee;
-the establishment of a financial committee to approve all borrowings, guarantees, loans issuance of company debt and investment;
-the termination of the sales of the spare parts business of one of its subsidiaries;
-the payment of US$20,000 to the Company pursuant to the Reorganisation Agreement;
-the acceptance of the appointment of two independent directors of Yuchai and confirmation of the appointment of three directors appointed by holders of States Shares of Yuchai and six directors appointed by holders of Foreign Shares of Yuchai; and
-the appointment of one independent director nominated by the holders of State Shares of Yuchai, and three independent directors nominated by the holders of Foreign Shares of Yuchai.

F - 45


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
25Dispute with State Holding Company (continued)
(ii)an internationally reputable financial adviser had been engaged by Yuchai to assist Newco (as defined below) to apply for the listing of its shares on the NYSE and assist the Company with the implementation of spin-off. Pursuant to the Reorganization Agreement, a Bermuda corporation (“Newco”) will be formed where (a) the Company will contribute its 76.4% indirect interest in Yuchai to in exchange for a number of Newco shares equal to the number of outstanding shares of the Company as of April 7, 2005; (b) its board of directors would comprise of nominees from the Company and Yuchai in the same respective proportions to the nominees of the holders of Foreign Shares of Yuchai and the holders of State Shares of Yuchai on the Yuchai board of directors; and (c) its charter documents and officers would be mutually agreeable to the Company and Yuchai and on the completion date of the Restructuring Exercise (as described in the Reorganization Agreement) the Company shall have no appointees to its board of directors. The appointment of the financial adviser was subsequently terminated pending Yuchai’s ongoing review of the implementation of the corporate reorganization contemplated in the Reorganization Agreement;
(iii)the Yuchai board of directors subsequently directed a review of YMLC’s financial position and the implementation of the recapitalization plans for YMLC has been deferred pending the successful spin-off of Yuchai in line with the terms of the Reorganisation Agreement;
(iv)the Company has received payment of an advisory fee in the amount Rmb12,105 (US$1,500) from Yuchai as provided for under the Reorganisation Agreement; and
(v)the Company has received its share of the dividend declared and paid by Yuchai in respect of the financial years ended December 31, 2003 and 2004 on May 24, 2005 for amount of Rmb225,207 (US$27,906).

F - 46


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
25Dispute with State Holding Company (continued)
  The principal terms ofcontained in the ReorganisationReorganization Agreement AmendmentAmendments No.1 and No. 2 and the Co-operation Agreement relating to governance related issues are as follows:being adhered to by Yuchai.
(1)Clause 1.8 of the Reorganization Agreement was previously stated as:
“In consideration of CYI’s agreement to ensure that Coomber will under the terms of the share exchange described in clause 2.4 receive no less than 6,354,911 Newco shares, Yuchai shall, within 5 business days from the date that an unqualified audit report is issued on CYI’s financial statements in the form substantially similar to that of the unaudited financial statements filed by CYI in its Form 6K dated February 28, 2005, pay CYI an amount of US$20.0 million in cash into such bank account as CYI shall notify Yuchai in writing.”
was deleted and replaced with the following text:
“In consideration of CYI’s agreement to ensure that Coomber will under the terms of the share exchange in Clause 2.4 receive no less that 6,354,911 Newco shares, Yuchai shall on the earlier of (i) the date of the completion of the transactions described in Clause 2.6 and (ii) December 31, 2006 pay CYI an amount of US$20.0 million in cash to such bank account as CYI shall notify Yuchai in writing.”
(2)Clause 2.10 of the Reorganization Agreement, which was stated as:
“The parties acknowledge and accept that the CYI Group, as majority shareholders of Yuchai and with majority control of the Board of Directors of Yuchai, may cause the employment of Yuchai’s current Chief Executive Officer to be terminated in accordance with the terms of his employment agreement. CYI acknowledges and accepts, however, that the successful implementation of the Restructuring Exercise will require the continued uninterrupted involvement and participation of Yuchai’s current Chief Executive Officer on and subject to the terms (including remuneration) of his employment agreement. Accordingly, CYI agrees that it will not, and will procure that its appointees to the Board of Directors of Yuchai do not, take any action prior to the completion of the Restructuring Exercise that will interfere with, or cause the termination of, the employment of Yuchai’s current Chief Executive Officer except if he were to be prosecuted or convicted for any activities of a criminal nature.”
was deleted in its entirety with effect from October 27, 2005.
(3)The Clause 4 of the Reorganization Agreement was previously stated as:
“In the event that the parties are unable to complete the events described in each of clauses 2.1, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5 and 2.6 above (not due to the default of either party) by 5:00p.m. on December 31, 2005 (or if such day is not a business day in Hong Kong, the immediately succeeding business day)(or such other date to be mutually agreed between the parties), the provision of this Agreement shall terminate and in such event no party shall have any claim against any other party for any claims, damages, losses or other costs and expenses arising from such termination.”

F - 47


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
25Dispute with State Holding Company (continued)
(3)The Clause 4 of the Reorganization Agreement was previously stated as: (continued)
the date appearing in the third line of Clause 4 of the Reorganization Agreement was deleted and substituted with the words “December 31, 2006 or such other date as the parties may agree in writing”
Yuchai, Coomber and the State Holding Company have at various times reaffirmed their respective intentions of working with the Company to carry out their respective obligations under the Reorganization Agreement.
26 Retirement and other postretirement benefits
  As stipulated by the regulations of the PRC, Yuchai and its subsidiaries participate in defined contribution retirement plans organized by the Guangxi Regional Government and Beijing City Government for its staff. All staff are entitled to an annual pension equal to a fixed proportion of their final basic salary amount at their retirement date. For the years ended December 31, 2003, 20042005, 2006 and 2005,2007, Yuchai and its subsidiaries were required to make contributions to the retirement plan at a rate of 20.0% of the basic salary of their staff. The Guangxi Regional Government and Beijing City Government are responsible for the entire obligations of all Yuchai and its subsidiaries’ retirees. Expenses incurred in connection with the plan were Rmb24,101, Rmb29,868Rmb33,299, Rmb42,254 and Rmb33,299Rmb48,107 (US$4,126)7,039), respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2003, 20042005, 2006 and 2005.2007.
 
  Yuchai and its subsidiaries have no obligation for the payment of pension benefits or any other postretirement benefits beyond the annual contributions described above.

F - 48


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
27 Other related party transactions
  In addition to the loans to YMLCand interest income from YMCL and the purchase of 100% of the share capital of Yulin Hotel Company (as discussed in Note 5)5 and 34), the CompanyGroup has undertaken other significant business transactions with related parties during the three years ended December 31, 2005.2007. The following is a summary of these transactions:
                 
  Years ended December 31, 
  2003  2004  2005  2005 
  Rmb  Rmb  Rmb  US$ 
Sales of trucks from customers to Guangxi Yuchai Mechanical and Electronics Company (“GYMEC”) (see Note (i))  1,346   753       
Sales of diesel engines to State Holding Company, its subsidiaries and affiliates (see Note (ii))  23,611   3,784   7,646   947 
Purchase of raw materials and supplies from subsidiaries and affiliates of State Holding Company (see Note (ii))  (93,056)  (142,829)  (235,329)  (29,160)
Purchase of raw materials and supplies from YMLC (see Note (iii))        (60,756)  (7,528)
Purchase of trucks from YMLC (see Note (iii))     (95,391)  (77,324)  (9,581)
Processing fee to YMLC (see Note (iv))     (12,329)  (44,407)  (5,503)
Delivery expense charged by a subsidiary of YMLC (see Note (iv))  (62,206)  (65,468)  (126,028)  (15,616)
General and administrative expenses                
— charged by State Holding Company (see Note (v))  (30,607)  (21,180)  (25,931)  (3,213)
— charged by HLA (see Note (xii))  (4,427)  (4,142)  (4,035)  (500)
— charged by an affiliate of HLA (see Note (vi))        (30,765)  (3,812)

F - 49


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
                 
  Years ended December 31,
  2005 2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
Sales of diesel engines to State Holding Company, its subsidiaries and affiliates (see Note (i))  7,646   20,923   59,521   8,709 
                 
Sales of raw materials to YMCL (see Note (i))     65,729   35,380   5,177 
Purchase of raw materials and supplies from subsidiaries and affiliates of State Holding Company (see Note (i))  (235,329)  (377,129)  (571,393)  (83,603)
Purchase of raw materials and supplies from YMCL (see Note (ii))  (60,756)  (201,802)      
Purchase of trucks from YMCL (see Note (ii))  (77,324)         
Processing fee to a subsidiary of YMCL (see Note (iii))  (44,407)  (13,604)  (2,533)  (371)
Delivery expense charged by a subsidiary of YMCL (see Note (iii))  (126,028)  (90,840)  (115,500)  (16,899)
General and administrative expenses                
— charged by State Holding Company (see Note (iv))  (25,931)  (19,821)  (21,447)  (3,138)
— charged by HLA (see Note (v))  (4,035)  (4,061)  (12,471)  (1,825)
— charged by an affiliate of HLA (see Note (vi))  (30,765)  (9,654)  (546)  (80)
Interest earned from balance due from an affiliate of HLA  70   110   116   17 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
27Other related party transactions (continued)
                 
  Years ended December 31, 
  2003  2004  2005  2005 
  Rmb  Rmb  Rmb  US$ 
Gain on disposal of land use rights to a subsidiary of State Holding Company (See Note (vii))        2,533   314 
Loan from State Holding Company (see Note (viii))  8,000          
Assignment of debt to GYMEC (see Note (ix))  3,700          
Consultancy fee paid on behalf of Coomber (see Note (x))  13,347          
                 
             
                 
  Years ended December 31,
  2005 2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
Gain on disposal of land use rights to a subsidiary of State Holding Company (See Note (vii))  2,533   1,841   1,573   230 
                 
 
Notes:
 
(i) Sales of diesel trucks to GYMEC
GYMEC was formerly a subsidiary of State Holding Company. It became a subsidiary of YMLC following a share transfer from State Holding Company to YMLC in 2004. During 2003 and 2004, Yuchai received diesel trucks from certain customers as part of the settlement of their trade accounts receivable. Pursuant to an agreement between Yuchai and GYMEC, Yuchai sold such diesel trucks at cost to GYMEC, which owns a business license for selling diesel trucks in the PRC. Yuchai recorded a receivable from GYMEC in connection with the truck sales. The amount due from GYMEC is unsecured, interest free and repayable on demand.
(ii)Sale and purchase of raw materials, supplies, scraps and diesel engines to/from State Holding Company, its subsidiaries and affiliates.
 
  Certain subsidiaries and affiliates of State Holding Company have acted as suppliers of raw materials and supplies to the Company and certain subsidiaries of State Holding Company have acted as sales agents of the Company.Group. The State Holding Company considers that these transactions were entered into inalso purchased scraps from the normal course of business and expects that these transactions will continue on normal commercial terms.

F - 50


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
27Other related party transactions (continued)
Notes: (continued)
(iii)Purchase of raw materials, supplies and trucks from YMLC
Since July 2004, subsidiaries of YMMC have engaged in the sale of trucks which were mainly supplied by and purchased from YMLC. YMLC has also become a supplier of raw materials and supplies to the Company since 2005. The CompanyGroup. Management considers that these transactions were entered into in the normal course of business and expects that these transactions will continue on normal commercial terms.
 
(ii)(iv)Purchase of raw materials, supplies and trucks from YMCL

F-41


From January 2005 to April 2006, subsidiaries of YMMC engaged in the sale of trucks which were mainly supplied by and purchased from YMCL. YMCL has also become a supplier of raw materials and supplies to the Group since 2005. Management considers that these transactions were entered into in the normal course of business. In April 2006, the above procurement and distribution arrangement between Yuchai and YMCL was stopped and YMCL sold the remaining inventory and some ancillary fixed assets back to YMMC.
(iii) Processing fee and delivery expense charged by YMLCYMCL and its subsidiaries
 
  The fee is for the packaging and deliveringdelivery of spare parts charged by YMLC,YMCL, which waswere recorded in “Cost of goods sold” and “Selling, general and administrative expenses” respectively. The CompanyManagement considers that these transactions were entered into in the normal course of business and expects that these transactions will continuecontinued on normal commercial terms. The packaging contract was terminated in April 2006.
 
(v)(iv) General and administrative expenses charged by State Holding Company
 
  State Holding Company charges Yuchai for certain general and administrative expenses in respect of rental of certain office premises, property management services rendered by State Holding Company. The expenses are charged to Yuchai and its subsidiaries by State Holding Company on an actual incurred basis. The CompanyManagement believes that the expenses charged to Yuchai by State Holding Company would not have been materially different on a stand-alone basis because Yuchai could provide these services for itself at approximately the same amount.
 
(v)General and administrative expenses charged by HLA
This relates to management fee charged by HLA to the Company.
(vi) Service fee toGeneral and administrative expenses charged by an affiliate of HLA
 
  The fee was paid to Hong Leong Management Services Pte Ltd., an affiliate of HLA. ServiceIn 2006, there was service fee that includes Rmb9,167 (US$1,136)Rmb9,654 in relation to the consultancy services performed for the acquisition of interests in TCL during 2005 and LKN-Princefield Limited (“LKN”)HLGE in 2006 (see Note 34(a)).2006. The remaining amounts in 2006 were mainly in relation to securesecuring additional credit facilities and enterentering into the Reorganization Agreement. TheThese transactions were approved by the Board of Directors. The CompanyIn 2007, there was service fee of Rmb546 (US$80) in relation to administrative filings of the Company’s subsidiaries. Management considers that all of the above transactions were entered into in the normal course of business.
 
(vii) Gain on disposal of land use rights to a subsidiary of State Holding Company
 
  The CompanyGroup has disposed of certain land use rights with net book value of Rmb1,047Rmb 1,047, Rmb552 and Rmb552 (US$130)81) to a subsidiary of SHCthe State Holding Company for a consideration of Rmb3,580, Rmb2,394 and Rmb2,125 (US$444). The Company considers that the transaction was entered into311) in the normal course of business.

F - 51


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
27Other related party transactions (continued)years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 respectively.
 
Notes: (continued)
(viii)Loan from State Holding Company
In 2003, GYSPM has entered into an agreement with State Holding Company for a borrowing of Rmb8,000 for its operating activities as of December 31, 2003. As of December 31, 2003, GYSPM pledged certain of its assets with net book value of Rmb17,132 against bank loan of Rmb8,000 borrowed by State Holding Company. The terms set out in the loan agreement entered into between State Holding Company and the bank and the loan agreement entered into between GYSPM and State Holding Company are identical. The loan proceeds from the bank borrowed by State Holding Company were solely lent to GYSPM. State Holding Company would make repayments to the bank upon receipt of loan repayment from GYSPM. The loan was fully repaid in 2004.
(ix)Assignment of debt to GYMEC
In 2003, the Company entered into a deed of assignment (“the Deed”) whereby one of the Company’s customers assigned all the rights and liabilities of the outstanding amount due to the Company totalling approximately Rmb15,000 to GYMEC. Pursuant to the Deed, GYMEC became one of the sales agents of this customer who is principally engaged in manufacturing and sales of motor vehicles. As of December 31, 2004, the outstanding balances due from GYMEC related to this assignment was Rmb3,700 and the amount was fully repaid in 2005.
(x)Consultancy fee paid on behalf of Coomber
In 2003, the Company entered into an agreement, totalling Rmb60,000 with a consultancy company in connection with the design of an information system for YMLC to be undertaken by Coomber pursuant to which Coomber has agreed to pay for all expenses incurred by the Company in respect of this project on or before 31 December 2004. In 2003, the Company incurred payments totalling Rmb13,347 in respect of the project, which have been recorded in amounts due from related parties. The amount was subsequently repaid in 2004.
(xi)Amounts due from/to related parties
Amounts due from/to related parties arise mainly from the transactions as stated above.
In addition to the above, Yuchai also entered into transactions with other PRC Government owned enterprises. The CompanyManagement considers that these transactions were entered into in the normal course of business and expects that these transactions will continue on normal commercial terms. Balances with other PRC entities are excluded from this caption.

F - 52


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
27Other related party transactions (continued)
 
Notes: (continued)
(xii)Amount due to the holding company
AmountAmounts due to the holding company comprise mainly general and administrative expenses charged by the holding company in relation to the management, financial planning and control and other services provided to Yuchai. The balance is unsecured, interest free and repayable on demand.
28 Segment information
  SFAS No. 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information”, establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments in financial statements. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, or decision making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.
 
  The Company’s operating segments are Yuchai, TCL and TCLHLGE for the yearyears ended December 31, 2005.2006 and 2007. Prior to the purchase of TCL,HLGE, the Company’s only operating segment was Yuchai.segments were Yuchai and TCL.
 
  The segment result for Yuchai is based on incomeearnings before income taxes and minority interests. The segment result for TCL and HLGE is the Company’s equity in the net income or losses or TCL.of these affiliates. Segment assets for Yuchai are based on total

F-42


assets of Yuchai. Segment assets for TCL and HLGE are based on the Company’s net investment in TCL.the affiliates. Substantially all of the Company’s operations including TCL are in the PRC. Consequentially no geographic information is presented. Further segment information about TCL and HLGE is included in Note 17(c) and Note 17(d).
  Following is the segment information for the yearyears ended December 31, 2005:2005, 2006 and 2007:
                 
         2005 2006 2007
 Yuchai TCL  Yuchai TCL Yuchai TCL HLGE Yuchai TCL HLGE
 Rmb Rmb  Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb
Segment revenue from external customers 5,829,431   5,816,740  6,920,528   9,556,303   
Interest revenue 21,744  
Interest expenses 70,527  
 
Interest income 21,744  16,329   3,139   
 
Interest expense 70,527  89,119   99,504   
Depreciation and amortization 139,720   144,672  146,188   227,960   
Equity in losses of affiliates 50  
Equity in income/(losses) of affiliates 50  79    (198)   
Segment profit / (loss) 171,585  (5,056) 30,179  (5,982)  292,359   (23,923) 1,395 845,239 5,925 8,321 
Significant non-cash items:    
— Provision for uncollectible loans to a related party 205,000   202,950        
— Bad debt expense 25,587  
— Provision for inventory write-down 15,990  
— Provision for losses on guarantees 12,318  
 
— Other adjustments to provisions and allowances 53,895  98,352    4,726    
Segment assets 6,168,814 185,021  6,235,585 184,095 6,479,886 385,583 117,360 7,843,056 387,930 112,648 
Total expenditures for additions to long-lived assets 515,359   515,359  323,781   536,660   
The segment result for Yuchai for 2006 was corrected in the current year to exclude certain corporate expenses to conform with the current year’s presentation. The Company recorded a decrease in segment profit for Yuchai of Rmb2,423 and a corresponding increase in other corporate general and administrative expenses as compared with the amounts previously reported in the Company’s 2006 consolidated financial statements.
 
  Reconciliation of segment information to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 2003, 20042005, 2006 and 2005.2007.
                            
 2003 2004 2005  2005 2006 2007 2007
 Rmb Rmb Rmb  Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
Total segment profit 722, 341 773, 571 166, 529  24,197 269,831 859,485 125,755 
  
Service fee to an affiliate of HLA (see Note 27)    (30,765)  (30,765)  (9,654) (546) (80)
Other corporate general and administrative expenses  (25,435)  (19,717)  (18,522)  (18,522)  (56,782)  (75,025)  (10,977)
                
  
Consolidated income before income taxes and minority interests 696,906 753,854 117,242 
Consolidated earnings/(loss) before income taxes and minority interests  (25,090) 203,395 783,914 114,698 
                
  
 
Total assets for reportable segment 3,896,463 5,268,660 6,353,835 
Total segment assets 6,419,680 6,982,829 8,343,634 1,220,794 
Corporate cash and cash equivalents 129,795 108,514 247,332  247,332 100,990 81,257 11,889 
Other corporate assets 7,374 7,074 12,618 
Other investments (long-term)(a)
  633,837 608,946 89,098 
Assets acquired from Yulin Hotel Company (Note 34)   272,397 39,856 
Other corporate assets(b)
 12,618 243,701 272,950 39,935 
                
  
Consolidated total assets 4,033,632 5,384,248 6,613,785  6,679,630 7,961,357 9,579,184 1,401,572 
                
Note (a): includes HLGE unsecured bonds (Rmb558,852), RCPS A (Rmb20,119), RCPS B (Rmb29,975) (see Note 17(e)).
Note (b): includes corporate’s property, plant and equipment, goodwill and other receivables.

F - 53F-43


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
28Segment information (continued)
Note (b): includes HLGE unsecured bonds (Rmb558,852), RCPS A (Rmb20,119), RCPS B (Rmb29,975) (See Note 17(e)).
  Revenues from external customers by product category are summarized as follows:
                
 Years ended December 31,                 
 2003 2004 2005 2005  Years ended December 31,
 Rmb Rmb Rmb US$  2005 2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
Revenues, net
  
 
4F Light-Duty Diesel Engines  264,335 380,601 55,687 
4108 Light-Duty Diesel Engines 174,173 325,242 688,265 85,285  634,532 941,657 1,218,838 178,333 
4110 Light-Duty Diesel Engines 328,993 544,297 596,565 73,922  595,239 644,116 1,189,995 174,113 
4112 Light-Duty Diesel Engines 266,639 314,453 322,266 39,933  321,548 372,423 469,015 68,624 
6105 Medium-Duty Diesel Engines 911,190 1,143,535 1,748,847 216,704  1,744,953 1,705,399 2,132,590 312,029 
6108 Medium-Duty Diesel Engines 1,504,140 1,372,073 810,859 100,475  809,054 991,190 1,424,391 208,409 
6112 Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines 1,003,791 1,203,558 786,989 97,518  785,236 725,288 643,373 94,135 
6113 Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines 3,697 97,368 193,280 23,950  192,850 365,717 877,177 128,344 
Diesel Engine Parts 228,500 446,135 489,480 60,653  488,414 875,453 1,218,147 178,232 
Others * 148,827 135,434 192,880 23,900 
Guarantee fees 244,914 34,950 2,176 318 
                  
  5,816,740 6,920,528 9,556,303 1,398,224 
 4,569,950 5,582,095 5,829,431 722,340          
 
         
Revenues from customers based on their geographical location for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 (in Rmb thousands) are as follows:
                 
  2005 2006 2007
  Sales Sales  
  Revenue Revenue Sales Revenue
  Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
  (in thousands) (in thousands) (in thousands) (in thousands)
                 
China  5,703,360   6,893,551   9,533,767   1,394,927 
                 
Other countries  113,380   26,977   22,536   3,297 
                 
   5,816,740   6,920,528   9,556,303   1,398,224 
                 
*Others mainly represent the revenues earned through sales of motor vehicle chassis and power generators.
29 Foreign currency exchange
  The Renminbi is not fully convertible into foreign currencies. All foreign exchange transactions involving Renminbi must take place either through the PBOC or other institutions authorized to buy and sell foreign exchange. The exchange rate adopted for the foreign exchange transactions areis the ratesrate of exchange quoted by the PBOC which are determined largely by supply and demand.
 
  Foreign currency payments, including the remittance of earnings outside of the PRC, must be arranged through banks authorized to conduct foreign exchange business.
30 Distribution of profits
  The Company’s sources of cash flow for the purposes of distribution of profits to its shareholders are its share of the dividends, if any, paid by Yuchai, HLGE and TCL to the Company. With respect to dividends by Yuchai, applicable PRC laws and regulations require that, before it can distribute profit to its stockholders it must satisfy all tax liabilities, recover losses in previous years and make contributions to certain statutory reserves as discussed in Note 22. Such dividends may be paid partly in Renminbi and partly in foreign currency. In the event that dividends are distributed in Renminbi, the dividends may be

F-44


converted into foreign currency and remitted in accordance with relevant PRC laws, regulations and policies and to the extent permitted by PRC market conditions. Dividends of Yuchai are determined based on distributable profitprofits reported in its PRC GAAP financial statements, after appropriation to statutory reserves. Such distributable profits differ from the amounts reported under U.S. GAAP. No similar provisions were imposed with respect to dividends by TCL.TCL and HLGE.
 
  Under the Companies Act of 1981 of Bermuda (as amended), the Company’s contributed surplus is available for distribution to stockholders.
31 Derivative instrument and hedging activities
  For the periods presented, the Company and its subsidiaries did not enter into transactions with respect to derivative instruments. The Company and its subsidiaries do not hedge risk exposures or speculate using derivative instruments.

F - 54


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
32 Fair value of financial instruments
  The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, bills receivable, short term amounts due from related parties, prepaid expenses, other receivables, short-term bank loans, current instalments of long-term bank loans, trade accounts payable, amount due to the holding company and amounts due to related parties approximates their fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments. It was not practicable for Yuchaimanagement to estimate the fair value of its equity investmentinvestments for which a quoted market price is not available because it has not yet obtained or developed the valuation model necessary to make the estimate, and the cost of obtaining an independent valuation appearsis considered excessive consideringin relation to the materialitysignificance of the equity investmentinvestments to Yuchai. Yuchaithe Group. Management does not believe the carrying value of the equity investmentinvestments will be significantly different from itstheir fair value.
Cash and cash equivalents Management estimated the fair value of Yuchai and its subsidiaries denominated in foreign currencies have been translated atfinancial investments by obtaining an independent valuation of the balance sheet date into Renminbi at rates quotedinvestments by the PBOC. Yuchai does not have and does not believe it will have any difficulty in exchanging its foreign currency cash for Renminbi.a professional valuer.
 
  The carrying amount of long-term bank loans approximates their fair value based on the borrowing rates currently available for bank loans with similar terms and average maturities.
33 Significant concentrations and risks
(a) Customer concentration
  Substantially all of the Company’sGroup’s customers are located in the PRC. The following are the customers that individually comprise 10% or more of gross revenue in any of the relevant periods:
                                
 Years ended December 31,  Years ended December 31,
 2003 2004 2005 2005  2005 2006 2007 2007
 Rmb Rmb Rmb US$  Rmb Rmb Rmb US$
Liuzhou Dongfeng Automobile (see Note (i)) 391,086 830,018 385,049 47,712  385,049 453,090 658,585 96,360 
Hubei Dongfeng Automobile (see Note (ii)) 613,448 344,910 333,452 41,319  333,452 238,400 333,612 48,812 
          
         
 
Notes:
 
(i): Sales to Liuzhou Dongfeng Automobile for the year ended December 31, 2003, 20042005, 2006 and 20052007 was approximately 8.6%6.6%, 14.9%6.5% and 6.6%6.9% of total sales.
 
(ii): Sales to Hubei Dongfeng Automobile for the year ended December 31, 2003, 20042005, 2006 and 20052007 was approximately 13.4%5.7%, 6.2%3.4% and 5.7%3.5% of total sales.

F - 55


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
33Significant concentrations and risks (continued)
  All the aboveBoth customers are controlled by or affiliated with Dongfeng Automobile Company. At December 31, 20042006 and 2005,2007, approximately 29%23.5% and 13%16.1% of gross trade accounts receivable, respectively, were due from these customers. The CompanyManagement considers its relationships with these major customers to be good; however, the loss of one or more of the Company’sGroup’s major customers would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations.operations and cash flows.
(b)Product concentration
See note 28 “Revenues from external customers by product category”.
(c)Supplier concentration
Yuchai/ASIMCO Components Company Limited, or Yuchai/ASIMCO, is one of Yuchai’s principal suppliers of fuel injection pumps through two of its related companies. Yuchai/ASIMCO is a joint venture between Yuchai and a subsidiary of Asian

F-45


Strategic Investments Corporation, or ASIMCO, that invests in factories in China that produce parts and components for diesel engines. ASIMCO is a joint venture among The Pacific Alliance Group Limited, Dean Witter Capital Corporation and TCW Capital Investment Corporation.
(d)Material supply concentration
Yuchai manufactures engine blocks, cylinder heads, crankshaft, camshaft and certain other key parts. Third party suppliers provide the remaining engine parts. The production process involves the complete assembly and testing of the finished product. The key components for 6105, 6108 and 6112 are manufactured internally. A large portion of its engine blocks used in production were casted and molded internally, and contingent supply came from a long term domestic supplier. Raw materials, principally steel and cast iron, were purchased from domestic suppliers.
(e) Nature of operations
  During periods of economic expansion, the demand of trucks, construction machinery and other application of diesel engines generally increases. Conversely, during economic slowdowns the diesel engine industry is generally adversely affected by a decline in demand. As a result, the performance of Chinese economy will affect the Company’sGroup’s business and prospects byto a significant degree.
(c)(f) Transactions involving Yuchai'sYuchai’s Chinese shareholders
  Although the Company has proper legal ownershipsownership over and a controlling financial interest of 76.41% interest in Yuchai, the Company has from time to time encountered difficulties in obtaining the cooperation of the State Holding Company and Coomber. As part of the terms of the Reorganization Agreement as described in Note 25, Yuchai and State Holding Company acknowledged and reaffirmed the Company’s continued rights as majority shareholder to direct the management and policies of Yuchai through Yuchai’s board of directors. However, no assurance can be given that disagreements or difficulties with Yuchai’s management of State Holding Company and Coomber will not recur. In addition, as described in Note 5, Yuchai has entered into transactions that involvesinvolved the Chinese Shareholders that have resulted in losses. No assurance can be given that future transactions involving the State Holding Company, Coomber and their related parties will be conducted on an arm-length basis or otherwise be beneficial to the Company. Consequently, such disagreements, or difficulties and transactions involving State Holding Company, Coomber and their related parties could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, operating results and cash flows.
 
34 Subsequent eventsOn June 30, 2007, we entered into the Cooperation Agreement with Yuchai, Coomber and the State Holding Company. The Cooperation Agreement amends certain terms of the Reorganization Agreement, as amended, among CYI, Yuchai and Coomber, and as so amended, incorporates the terms of the Reorganization Agreement. The Reorganization Agreement was terminated on June 30, 2007.
 
The Cooperation Agreement provides that the parties will explore new business opportunities and ventures for the growth and expansion of Yuchai’s existing businesses. Although the parties to the Cooperation Agreement expect to work towards its implementation as expeditiously as possible, no assurance can be given as to when the transactions contemplated therein will be consummated.
(a)(g)Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents denominated in various currencies are held in bank accounts in the following countries:
                 
  December 31
  2006 2006 2007 2007
  Rmb Rmb Rmb Rmb
  PRC Singapore PRC Singapore
Rmb  644,944      439,689    
USD     99,506      79,872 
SGD     1,483      1,384 
                 
   644,944   100,989   439,689   81,256 
                 
34Acquisitions
 Acquisition of debt and equity in an investment-holding companyYulin Hotel Company
 
  In February 2006,As previously described in Note 5 to these consolidated financial statements, on December 25, 2007, Yuchai, pursuant to the execution of a share transfer contract with YMCL, Coomber and State Holding Company, acquired all the outstanding share capital of Yulin Hotel Company for Rmb245.6 million. On January 13, 2009, Yuchai received approval from the provincial government regulatory agency in charge of state owned assets administration in China for its acquisition of 100% equity in Yulin Hotel Company. Prior to this approval, management of the Company acquired S$129 million (equivalent to Rmb 626 million)has concluded that Yuchai is the legal owner of the shares in principal amountYulin Hotel Company and hence Yuchai also bears the risks and rewards of secured bonds (“the Bonds”), 123,010,555 redeemable convertible preference shares (the “Preference Shares”), and 191,413,465 ordinary shares (“ownership in the Ordinary Shares”) (collectively, “the Sale Securities”) issued by LKNcorresponding operations of Yulin Hotel Company as of December 25, 2007. Consequently, the acquisition has been accounted for an aggregate purchase consideration of approximately S$132 million (equivalent to approximately Rmb639 million) (“the Aggregate Purchase Consideration”) from certain banks, financial institutions, corporations and individuals (collectively “the Sellers”). Immediately followingunder the purchase method as of December 25, 2007. The results of operations and cash flows of Yulin Hotel Company were immaterial during the period December 25, 2007 to December 31, 2007, and therefore are not included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations or cash flows. The Yulin Hotel Company hold 29.13% of the Ordinary Shares based on LKN’s total issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares or approximately 40.30% of the Ordinary Shares of LKN assuming full conversion of the 123,010,555 Preference Shares.will be included in Yuchai’s operating segment beginning in 2008.
 
  LKNAssets acquired and liabilities assumed have been recorded in the consolidated balance sheet at their estimated fair values as of December 25, 2007, and the Company recognized goodwill of Rmb 5,675. The principal assets of Yulin Hotel Company were the Yulin Hotel and YMCL’s central office building in Guilin. The Company is a company listed onin the Main Boardprocess of finalizing, through internal studies and third-party valuations, the fair values of the Singapore Exchange and is primarily engaged in the business of investment holding, including investing in rental property and hospitality business in Asia.equipment. Consequently, the purchase price allocation set forth below is preliminary and subject to adjustment as additional information is obtained. When the allocation process is completed, adjustments to recorded values may result. The following table summarizes the preliminary allocation of the purchase price assigned to the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of acquisition:
     
  Fair values 
  Rmb’000 
Current assets  7,809 
Property and equipment  210,502 
Construction in progress  130 
Lease prepayments  48,281 
Goodwill  5,675 
    
Total assets acquired  272,397 
    
 
Amounts due to related parties $19,782 
Other current liabilities  7,015 
    
Total liabilities assumed  26,797 
    
Net assets acquired $245,600 
    
  The Company initially intendsNo pro forma income statement has been provided because management believes the pro forma effects are immaterial to accountthe Company’s consolidated results of operations for the Ordinary Shares of LKN using equity methodyears ending December 31, 2006 and the Bonds and Preference Shares as available-for-sale securities.2007.

F - 56F-46


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
34
35 Subsequent events (continued)
(b)(a) Right issue of LKNMulti-currency Revolving Credit Facility
  On February 28, 2006, LKN announced a proposed renounceable rights issue of zero coupon unsecured non-convertible bonds due 2009 (the “New Bonds”) and non-redeemable convertible cumulative preference shares in the capital of LKN (the “New NCCPS”) (the “Rights Issue”). The purpose of the Rights Issue of LKN is to raise funds for redeeming the existing Bonds and for working capital purpose. The Company has provided LKN an irrevocable undertaking to subscribe in full and by way of excess application, all New Bonds and New NCCPS not taken up by other stockholders of LKN.
On July 4, 2006, the Company was alloted 196,201,374 of New NCCPS and S$130,800,917 of New Bonds at a consideration of S$135 million (equivalent to approximately Rmb655 million). Assuming full conversion of the existing Preference Shares and New NCCPS, the Company’s equity interest in LKN would increase from 40.3% to 51.7%. In the event the Company obtains a controlling financial interest in LKN, then LKN would become a subsidiary of the Company and its financial statement would be included in the consolidated financial statements of the Company from that point forward.
(c)Rights issue of TCL
In January 2006, TCL conducted a renounceable non-underwritten rights issue of new shares (“Rights Shares”) at an issue price of S$0.08 (equivalent to approximately Rmb0.39) for each Rights Share; and a renounceable non-underwritten rights issue of unsecured 2% convertible bonds due 2009 (“Convertible Bonds”) in the denomination of S$0.8 (equivalent to approximately Rmb3.9) for each Convertible Bond.
On February 16, 2006, the Company was allotted 87,860,288 Rights Shares and 52,933,440 Convertible Bonds in TCL for an aggregate cash consideration of S$49,400,000 (equivalent to approximately Rmb239,758).
As a result of the rights issues, the Company’s equity interest in TCL increase from 15.99% to 19.36%, and would increase to 36.85% assuming full conversion of the Convertible Bonds held by the Company.

F - 57


CHINA YUCHAI INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
(CONTINUED)
(Rmb and US$ amounts expressed in thousands, except per share data)
34Subsequent events (continued)
(d)New bank facility
In January to March 2006,20, 2008, the Company entered into additionala new facility agreement with BOTM to re-finance the existing revolving credit facility. The new unsecured, multi-currency revolving credit facilitiesfacility has a committed aggregated value of S$21.5 million with certain banks for approximately S$170 million (equivalenta one year duration. The new facility will be used to approximately Rmb825 million). The facilities may only be utilized byfinance the Company in connection with certain limited circumstances relating to its business expansion activities. TheCompany’s long-term general working capital requirements. Among other things, the terms of the facilitiesfacility require among other things, that HLAHong Leong Asia Ltd. (“HLA”) retains ownership of the Company’s special share and that the Company remains a consolidated subsidiary of HLA. The terms of the facilitiesfacility also include certain financial covenants with respect to the Company’s tangible net worth (as defined in the agreement) as at June 30 and net gearingDecember 31 of each year not being less than US$120 million and the ratio throughout the tenor of the facility,Company’s total net debt (as defined in the agreement) to tangible net worth as at June 30 and December 31 of each year not exceeding 2.0 times, as well as negative pledge provisions and customary drawdown requirements and events of default.requirements.
(b)DBS S$50m bridging loan
On August 28, 2008, the Company entered into a bridging loan agreement of up to S$50 million for a 12 months duration, with DBS Bank Ltd., (“DBS”) of Singapore, to partially re-finance the US$50m revolving credit facility with Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, Singapore Branch which expired on 6 September 2008. The new facility will also be used to finance the Company’s long-term general working capital requirements. The terms of the facility include certain financial covenants as well as negative pledge and default provisions. The Company has also undertaken to make available to DBS, within 180 days after the end of its financial year, copies of its audited consolidated accounts as at the end of each financial year. Compliance with this undertaking in relation to the production of the 2007 audited consolidated accounts will be no later than February 28, 2009.
(c)Repayment of Short Term Bonds of Rmb650 million by Yuchai
On April 18, 2007, Yuchai issued the second tranche of short term bonds of Rmb 650.0 million (US$95.1 million) under approval given by PBOC on May 30, 2006 and the funds were used to pay off the short term loans from three local banks. The bonds were issued at discount and an amount totaling Rmb 633.0 million (US$92.6 million) was received by Yuchai. The bonds matured and were fully repaid in April, 2008.
(d)Partial Redemption of New Bonds by HLGE
In June 2008, HLGE partially redeemed the New Bonds. The principal amount redeemed was approximately S$25.9 million (US$18.0 million) and resulted in a reduction in the principal amount of the New HLGE Bonds held by the Company from S$112.9 million (US$78.5 million) to S$87.0 million (US$60.5 million). The proceeds from the partial redemption amounted to S$28.5 million (US$19.8 million).
(e) IssuanceRCPS B Redemption by HLGE
In April 2008, HLGE made an additional partial redemption of corporate bondsthe Existing HLGE RCPS B. The redemption amount we received amounted to approximately S$0.98 million (US$0.7 million) and resulted in a reduction in the number of Existing HLGE RCPS that held by Yuchaithe Company from 113,159,191 to 107,186,403.
(f)Joint Venture Company with Geely and Yinlun
 
  In March 2006,December 2007, Yuchai appliedentered into an Equity Joint Venture Agreement with Geely and Yinlun to establish a joint venture company in Jining, Shandong Province to engage in the PBOCdevelopment, production and sales of a proprietary diesel engine and its parts for passenger vehicles. As of December 31, 2008, the joint venture company has been duly incorporated with registered capital of Rmb 150 million and paid-up capital of Rmb 45 million, out of which Yuchai has already contributed Rmb 23.4 million.
(g)Joint Venture Company with Geely and Yinlun
In December 2007, Yuchai entered into an Equity Joint Venture Agreement with Geely and Yinlun to issue short term bondsestablish a joint venture company in Tiantai, Zhejiang Province to engage in the development, production and sales of a proprietary diesel engine and its parts for passenger vehicles. And as of December 31, 2008, the joint venture company has been duly incorporated with a registered capital of Rmb 100 million and paid up to Rmb1,000,000 (US$123,912). The application was approved by PBOC on Maycapital of Rmb 30 2006 and the first tranchemillion, out of bonds of Rmb500,000 (US$61,956) was issued on June 12, 2006. The bonds were issued at a discount and an amount totalling Rmb488 million was received by Yuchai. The bonds mature on March 9, 2007 and the funds will be used to pay off existing bank loans.which Yuchai has already contributed Rmb 15.6 million.

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