As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 28, 200929, 2010
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
¨ | | |
| o | | REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
x | | |
| þ | | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 20082009
¨ | | |
| o | | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period fromto
¨ | | |
| o | | SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
|
Date of event requiring this shell company report
Commission file number 001-31914
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
China Life Insurance Company Limited (Translation of Registrant’s name into English)
People’s Republic of China
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
16
Chaowai AvenueChaoyangFinancial Street
Xicheng District
Beijing 100020,100033, China
(Address of principal executive offices)
Yinghui Li
16 Financial Street
Xicheng District
Beijing 100033, China
Tel: (86-10) 6363-1191
Fax: (86-10) 6657-5112
Email: liyh@e-chinalife.com
(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile Number and Address of Company Contact Person)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| | |
Title of each class | | Name of each exchange on which registered |
| | |
| American depositary shares | | New York Stock Exchange |
| H shares, par value RMB1.00 per share | | New York Stock Exchange* |
* Not for trading, but only in connection with the listing on the New York Stock Exchange of American depositary shares, each representing 15 H shares.
| | |
| * | | Not for trading, but only in connection with the listing on the New York Stock Exchange of American depositary shares, each representing 15 H shares. |
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s
classclasses of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.
As of December 31,
2008,2009, 7,441,175,000 H shares and 20,823,530,000 A shares, par value RMB1.00 per share, were issued and outstanding. H shares are listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. A shares are listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange. Both H shares and A shares are ordinary shares.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
xþ Yes�� Yes¨o No
If this
report is an annual report or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
¨o Yes
xþ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.xþ Yes¨o No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).o Yeso No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one)
| | | | |
Large accelerated filerxþ | | Accelerated filer¨o | | Non-accelerated filer¨o |
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing: U.S. GAAP
U.S.GAAP¨o International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards
Board¨þ Othersxo If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.
¨o Item 17
xo Item 18
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).¨o Yesxþ No
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED i
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This annual report contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These forward-looking statements state our intentions, beliefs, expectations or predictions for the future, in particular under “Item 4. Information on the Company”, “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and “Item 8. Financial Information—Embedded Value”.
The forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements relating to:
future developments in the insurance industry in China;
| • | | future developments in the insurance industry in China; |
|
| • | | the industry regulatory environment as well as the industry outlook generally; |
|
| • | | the amount and nature of, and potential for, future development of our business; |
|
| • | | the outcome of litigation and regulatory proceedings that we currently face or may face in the future; |
|
| • | | our business strategy and plan of operations; |
|
| • | | the prospective financial information regarding our business; |
|
| • | | our dividend policy; and |
|
| • | | information regarding our embedded value. |
the industry regulatory environment as well as the industry outlook generally;
the amount and nature of, and potential for, future development of our business;
the outcome of litigation and regulatory proceedings that we currently face or may face in the future;
our business strategy and plan of operations;
the prospective financial information regarding our business;
information regarding our embedded value.
In some cases, we use words such as “believe”, “intend”, “anticipate”, “estimate”, “project”, “forecast”, “plan”, “potential”, “will”, “may”, “should” and “expect” and similar expressions to identify forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical facts included in this annual report, including statements regarding our future financial position, strategy, projected costs and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in those forward-looking statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that those expectations will prove to have been correct, and you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations are disclosed under “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this annual report, including in conjunction with the forward-looking statements included in this annual report. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained in this annual report, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. All forward-looking statements contained in this annual report are qualified by reference to this cautionary statement.
1
CERTAIN TERMS AND CONVENTIONSConventions
References in this annual report to “we”, “us”, “our”
, the “Company” or “China Life” mean China Life Insurance Company Limited and, as the context may require, its subsidiaries. References to “CLIC” mean
prior to the restructuring described below, China Life Insurance Company and, as the context may require, its subsidiaries, and subsequent to the restructuring, China Life Insurance (Group) Company and, as the context may require, its subsidiaries, other than China Life. References in this annual report to “AMC” mean China Life
Insurance Asset Management Company Limited, the asset management joint venture established by us with CLIC on November 23, 2003. References to “CLPCIC” mean China Life Property and Casualty Insurance Company Limited, the property and casualty joint venture established by us with CLIC on December 30, 2006. References to “China Life Pension” mean China Life Pension Company Limited established by us, CLIC and AMC on January 15, 2007.
The statistical and market share information contained in this annual report has been derived from government sources, including the China Insurance Yearbook
2006, the China Insurance Yearbook 2007, the China Insurance Yearbook 2008,
the China Insurance Yearbook 2009 and other public sources. The information has not been verified by us independently. Unless otherwise indicated, market share information set forth in this annual report is based on premium information as reported by the CIRC. The reported information includes premium information that is not determined in accordance with HKFRS,
U.S. GAAP or
U.S. GAAP.References to “A share offering” mean the 1,500,000,000 ordinary domestic shares which were newly issued by us on December 26, 2006 and offered to strategic, institutional and public investors as approved by the CSRC. References to “CLIC A shares” mean the 19,323,530,000 ordinary domestic shares held by CLIC prior to the A share offering, which have been registered with the China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation Limited as circulative A shares with restrictive trading following the A share offering. CLIC has undertaken that for a period of 36 months commencing on January 9, 2007, it will not transfer or put on trust the CLIC A shares held by it or allow such CLIC A shares to be repurchased by China Life. IFRS.
References to “A shares” mean the RMB ordinary shares
listed on the SSE, which
include the CLIC A shares and the 1,500,000,000 ordinary domestic shares issued pursuant to the A share offering. A shares have been listed on the
SSEShanghai Stock Exchange since January 9, 2007.
References to “China” or “PRC” mean the People’s Republic of China, excluding, for purposes of this annual report, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan. References to the “central government” mean the government of the PRC. References to “State Council” mean the State Council of the PRC. References to the “CIRC” mean the China Insurance Regulatory Commission. References to “MOF” or “Ministry of Finance” mean the Ministry of Finance of the PRC. References to “Ministry of Commerce” mean the Ministry of Commerce of the
PRC, which assumed the regulatory functions of the former Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation of the PRC, or “MOFTEC”.PRC. References to “CSRC” mean the China Securities Regulatory Commission. References to “PBOC” mean the People’s Bank of China. References to “SAFE” mean the State Administration of Foreign Exchange of the PRC. References to “SAIC” mean the State Administration for Industry and Commerce of the PRC.
References to “effective date” mean June 30, 2003, the effective date of the restructuring under the restructuring agreement between CLIC and us.
References to “HKSE” or “Hong Kong Stock Exchange” mean The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited. References to “NYSE” or “New York Stock Exchange” mean the New York Stock Exchange. References to “SSE” or “Shanghai Stock Exchange” mean the Shanghai Stock Exchange.
References to “IFRS” mean the International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, references to “U.S. GAAP” mean the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, references to “HKFRS” mean the Hong Kong Financial Reporting Standards, issued by the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and references to “PRC GAAP” mean the PRC Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises (2006) applicable to companies listed in the PRC. Unless otherwise indicated, our financial information presented in this annual report has been prepared in accordance with IFRS.
References to “Renminbi” or “RMB” in this annual report mean the currency of the PRC, references to “U.S. dollars” or “US$” mean the currency of the United States of America, and references to “Hong Kong dollars”, “H.K. dollars” or “HK$” mean the currency of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the PRC.
References to “U.S. GAAP” mean the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, references to “HKFRS” mean the Hong Kong Financial Reporting Standards, issued by the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants, which are effective for accounting periods commencing on or after January 1, 2005, and references to “PRC GAAP” mean the PRC Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises (2006) applicable to companies listed in the PRC, which are effective for accounting periods commencing on or after January 1, 2007. Unless otherwise indicated, our financial information presented in this annual report has been prepared in accordance with HKFRS.2
Unless otherwise indicated, translations of RMB amounts into U.S. dollars in this annual report have been made at the rate of US$1.00 to
RMB6.8225,RMB 6.8259, the noon buying rate in the City of New York for cable transfers payable in foreign currencies as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on December 31,
2008.2009. No representation is made that Renminbi amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars at that rate on December 31,
20082009 or at all.
Any discrepancies in any table between totals and sums of the amounts listed are due to rounding.
If there is any discrepancy or inconsistency between the Chinese names of the PRC entities in this annual report and their English translations, the Chinese version shall prevail.
3
PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, or IASB. These are our first annual consolidated financial statements that were prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. Until and including our financial statements included in our annual reports on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2008, we prepared our consolidated financial statements in accordance with HKFRS, with reconciliations to U.S. GAAP. The impact of the transition to IFRS from consolidated financial statements previously prepared in accordance with HKFRS on our equity as of January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2008 and our net profit for the year ended December 31, 2008, is detailed in Note 2.1 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report. Following our adoption of IFRS, as issued by the IASB, we are no longer required to reconcile our financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS to U.S.GAAP.
As required by First Time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS 1, financial results of the year ended December 31, 2008 have been adjusted in accordance with IFRS and differ from the results reported previously.
4
| | |
| ITEM 1. | | IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS. |
| | |
| ITEM 2. | | OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE. |
A. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data The following tables set forth our selected consolidated financial information.information for the periods indicated. We have derived the consolidated financial information from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report.
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. Until and including our financial statements included in our annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2008, we prepared our consolidated financial statements in accordance with HKFRS, with reconciliations to U.S. GAAP. As required by IFRS 1, financial results of the year ended December 31, 2008 have been adjusted in accordance with IFRS and differ from the results reported previously. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects”.
We applied the accommodation provided by the SEC in respect of first-time application of IFRS and the following information is limited to our selected consolidated financial information as of and for the years ended December 31,
2006, 20072008 and
2008 from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report. For consolidated financial information as of and for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005, we derived the information from our audited consolidated financial statements not included in this annual report.For a reconciliation of our consolidated net profit and consolidated shareholders’ equity to U.S. GAAP, see Note 36 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report.
2009 only.
You should read this information in conjunction with the rest of the annual report, including our audited consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes,
and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” included elsewhere in this annual
report and the independent registered public accounting firm’s report.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the year ended December 31, | |
| | | 2004 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | |
| | | RMB | | | RMB | | | RMB | | | RMB | | | RMB | | | US$ | |
| Consolidated Income Statement Data | | (in millions except for per share data) | |
HKFRS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross written premiums and policy fees | | 66,257 | | | 81,022 | | | 99,417 | | | 111,886 | | | 135,325 | | | 19,835 | |
Less: premiums ceded to reinsurers | | (1,182 | ) | | (769 | ) | | (140 | ) | | (85 | ) | | (156 | ) | | (23 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net written premiums and policy fees | | 65,075 | | | 80,253 | | | 99,277 | | | 111,801 | | | 135,169 | | | 19,812 | |
Net change in unearned premium reserves | | (67 | ) | | (215 | ) | | (430 | ) | | (397 | ) | | (519 | ) | | (76 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net premiums earned and policy fees | | 65,008 | | | 80,038 | | | 98,847 | | | 111,404 | | | 134,650 | | | 19,736 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | 11,317 | | | 16,685 | | | 24,942 | | | 44,020 | | | 44,050 | | | 6,457 | |
Net realized gains/(losses) on financial assets | | — | | | (510 | ) | | 1,595 | | | 15,385 | | | (6,516 | ) | | (955 | ) |
Net realized losses on investments | | (237 | ) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Net fair value gains/(losses) on assets at fair value through income (held-for-trading) | | — | | | 260 | | | 20,044 | | | 18,843 | | | (7,296 | ) | | (1,069 | ) |
Net unrealized losses on trading assets | | (1,061 | ) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Other income | | 1,779 | | | 1,739 | | | 1,883 | | | 1,720 | | | 1,923 | | | 282 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | 76,806 | | | 98,212 | | | 147,311 | | | 191,372 | | | 166,811 | | | 24,450 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Benefits, claims and expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Insurance benefits and claims | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Life insurance death and other benefits | | (6,816 | ) | | (8,311 | ) | | (10,797 | ) | | (17,430 | ) | | (17,777 | ) | | (2,606 | ) |
Accident and health claims and claim adjustment expenses | | (6,418 | ) | | (6,847 | ) | | (6,999 | ) | | (6,343 | ) | | (7,553 | ) | | (1,107 | ) |
Increase in long-term traditional insurance contracts liabilities | | (25,361 | ) | | (33,977 | ) | | (44,238 | ) | | (45,334 | ) | | (55,281 | ) | | (8,103 | ) |
Interest credited to long-term investment type insurance contracts | | (3,704 | ) | | (4,894 | ) | | (6,386 | ) | | (7,181 | ) | | (9,212 | ) | | (1,350 | ) |
Interest credited to investment contracts | | (616 | ) | | (973 | ) | | (996 | ) | | (1,138 | ) | | (1,358 | ) | | (199 | ) |
Increase in deferred income | | (7,793 | ) | | (8,521 | ) | | (11,607 | ) | | (9,859 | ) | | (21,139 | ) | | (3,098 | ) |
Policyholder dividends resulting from participation in profits | | (2,048 | ) | | (5,359 | ) | | (17,617 | ) | | (29,251 | ) | | (2,492 | ) | | (365 | ) |
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs | | (6,263 | ) | | (7,766 | ) | | (10,259 | ) | | (13,461 | ) | | (11,784 | ) | | (1,727 | ) |
Underwriting and policy acquisition costs | | (1,472 | ) | | (1,845 | ) | | (2,415 | ) | | (2,725 | ) | | (3,394 | ) | | (497 | ) |
Administrative expenses | | (6,585 | ) | | (7,237 | ) | | (9,339 | ) | | (11,798 | ) | | (12,110 | ) | | (1,775 | ) |
Other operating expenses | | (131 | ) | | (798 | ) | | (859 | ) | | (1,651 | ) | | (1,891 | ) | | (277 | ) |
Statutory insurance fund | | (96 | ) | | (174 | ) | | (194 | ) | | (219 | ) | | (244 | ) | | (36 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total benefits, claims and expenses | | (67,303 | ) | | (86,702 | ) | | (121,706 | ) | | (146,390 | ) | | (144,235 | ) | | (21,141 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Share of results of associates | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 409 | | | 228 | | | 33 | |
Net profit/(loss) before income tax expense | | 9,503 | | | 11,510 | | | 25,605 | | | 45,391 | | | 22,804 | | | 3,342 | |
Income tax expense | | (2,280 | ) | | (2,145 | ) | | (5,554 | ) | | (6,331 | ) | | (1,390 | ) | | (204 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net profit/(loss) | | 7,223 | | | 9,365 | | | 20,051 | | | 39,060 | | | 21,414 | | | 3,139 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Attributable to: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-Shareholders of the Company | | 7,171 | | | 9,306 | | | 19,956 | | | 38,879 | | | 21,277 | | | 3,119 | |
-Minority interest | | 52 | | | 59 | | | 95 | | | 181 | | | 137 | | | 20 | |
Basic and diluted earnings/(loss) per share(1) | | 0.27 | | | 0.35 | | | 0.75 | | | 1.38 | | | 0.75 | | | 0.11 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Dividends | | — | | | 1,338 | | | 3,957 | | | 11,871 | | | 6,501 | | | 953 | |
| | | | | | |
U.S. GAAP | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues | | 76,806 | | | 98,212 | | | 147,311 | | | 191,372 | | | 166,811 | | | 24,450 | |
Net profit/(loss) attributable to shareholders of the Company | | 7,171 | | | 9,306 | | | 19,956 | | | 43,625 | | | 19,443 | | | 2,850 | |
Net profit/(loss) per share(1) | | 0.27 | | | 0.35 | | | 0.75 | | | 1.54 | | | 0.69 | | | 0.10 | |
Net profit/(loss) per ADS(1) | | 10.72 | | | 13.91 | | | N/A | | | N/A | | | N/A | | | N/A | |
Net profit/(loss) per ADS(2) | | 4.02 | | | 5.22 | | | 11.18 | | | 23.15 | | | 10.32 | | | 1.51 | |
5
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the year ended December 31, | |
| IFRS | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2009 | |
| | | RMB | | | RMB | | | US$ | |
| | | (in millions except for per share data) | |
| | |
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Gross written premiums | | | 265,656 | | | | 275,970 | | | | 40,430 | |
| Less: premiums ceded to reinsurers | | | (156 | ) | | | (158 | ) | | | (23 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Net written premiums | | | 265,500 | | | | 275,812 | | | | 40,407 | |
| Net change in unearned premium reserves | | | (323 | ) | | | (735 | ) | | | (108 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Net premiums earned | | | 265,177 | | | | 275,077 | | | | 40,299 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Investment income | | | 44,946 | | | | 38,890 | | | | 5,697 | |
| Net realized gains/(losses) on financial assets | | | (5,964 | ) | | | 21,244 | | | | 3,112 | |
| Net fair value gains/(losses) on assets at fair value through income (held-for-trading) | | | (7,194 | ) | | | 1,449 | | | | 212 | |
| Other income | | | 3,420 | | | | 2,630 | | | | 385 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | | 300,385 | | | | 339,290 | | | | 49,706 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Benefits, claims and expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Insurance benefits and claims | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Life insurance death and other benefits | | | (89,659 | ) | | | (74,858 | ) | | | (10,967 | ) |
| Accident and health claims and claim adjustment expenses | | | (7,641 | ) | | | (7,808 | ) | | | (1,144 | ) |
| Increase in insurance contracts liabilities | | | (134,649 | ) | | | (154,372 | ) | | | (22,616 | ) |
| Investment contract benefits | | | (1,931 | ) | | | (2,142 | ) | | | (314 | ) |
| Policyholder dividends resulting from participation in profits | | | (1,671 | ) | | | (14,487 | ) | | | (2,122 | ) |
| Underwriting and policy acquisition costs | | | (24,200 | ) | | | (22,936 | ) | | | (3,360 | ) |
| Administrative expenses | | | (16,652 | ) | | | (18,719 | ) | | | (2,742 | ) |
| Other operating expenses | | | (3,409 | ) | | | (2,390 | ) | | | (350 | ) |
| Statutory insurance fund | | | (558 | ) | | | (537 | ) | | | (79 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total benefits, claims and expenses | | | (280,370 | ) | | | (298,249 | ) | | | (43,694 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Share of results of associates | | | (56 | ) | | | 704 | | | | 103 | |
Net profit before income tax expenses | | | 19,959 | | | | 41,745 | | | | 6,116 | |
| Income tax expenses | | | (685 | ) | | | (8,709 | ) | | | (1,276 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net profit | | | 19,274 | | | | 33,036 | | | | 4,840 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Attributable to: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| - Shareholders of the Company | | | 19,137 | | | | 32,881 | | | | 4,817 | |
| - Minority interests | | | 137 | | | | 155 | | | | 23 | |
Basic and diluted earnings per share(1) | | | 0.68 | | | | 1.16 | | | | 0.17 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other comprehensive income/(loss) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Available-for-sale financial assets | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Arising from available-for-sale securities | | | (61,622 | ) | | | 39,470 | | | | 5,782 | |
| Reclassification adjustment for gains included in profit or loss | | | 4,878 | | | | (21,040 | ) | | | (3,082 | ) |
| Impact from available-for-sale securities on other assets and liabilities | | | 11,702 | | | | (3,999 | ) | | | (586 | ) |
| Share of other comprehensive income/(loss) of associates | | | 291 | | | | (70 | ) | | | (10 | ) |
| Others | | | (3 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
| Income tax relating to components of other comprehensive income/(loss) | | | 11,260 | | | | (3,607 | ) | | | (528 | ) |
Other comprehensive income/(loss) for the year | | | (33,494 | ) | | | 10,754 | | | | 1,575 | |
Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year | | | (14,220 | ) | | | 43,790 | | | | 6,415 | |
| Attributable to | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| - Shareholders of the Company | | | (14,316 | ) | | | 43,626 | | | | 6,391 | |
| - Minority interests | | | 96 | | | | 164 | | | | 24 | |
| | |
| (1) | | Numbers for the years ended December 31, 20042008 and December 31, 20052009 are based on the weighted average number of 26,764,705,00028,264,705,000 shares in issue during such years. Numbers for the years ended December 31, 2006, December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2008 are based on the weighted average number of 26,777,033,767 shares, 28,264,705,000 shares and 28,264,705,000 shares, respectively, in issue during such years. Each ADS represents 40 H shares. Any discrepancies in the table between the amounts per share and the amounts per ADS are due to rounding. |
(2) | The ratio of ADSs to H shares was reduced from 40 H shares to 15 H shares on December 29, 2006. Accordingly, we have also calculated retroactively the net profit/(loss) per ADS based on each ADS representing 15 H shares for purposes of comparison. |
6
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, |
| | | 2004 | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2008 |
| | | RMB | | RMB | | RMB | | RMB | | RMB | | US$ |
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data | | (in millions) |
HKFRS | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Property, plant and equipment | | 12,250 | | 12,710 | | 14,565 | | 16,771 | | 18,151 | | 2,660 |
Deferred policy acquisition costs | | 32,787 | | 37,741 | | 39,230 | | 40,851 | | 58,268 | | 8,541 |
Investments in associates | | — | | — | | 6,071 | | 6,450 | | 8,176 | | 1,198 |
| | | | | | |
Financial assets | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Debt securities | | 150,234 | | 255,554 | | 357,898 | | 443,181 | | 575,885 | | 84,410 |
Equity securities | | 17,271 | | 39,548 | | 95,493 | | 195,147 | | 75,082 | | 11,005 |
Term deposits | | 175,498 | | 164,869 | | 175,476 | | 168,594 | | 228,272 | | 33,459 |
Statutory deposits—restricted | | 4,000 | | 5,353 | | 5,353 | | 5,773 | | 6,153 | | 902 |
Loans | | 391 | | 981 | | 2,371 | | 7,144 | | 17,926 | | 2,627 |
Securities purchased under agreements to resell | | 279 | | — | | — | | 5,053 | | — | | — |
Accrued investment income | | 5,084 | | 6,813 | | 8,461 | | 9,857 | | 13,149 | | 1,927 |
Premiums receivables | | 3,912 | | 4,959 | | 6,066 | | 6,218 | | 6,433 | | 943 |
Reinsurance assets | | 1,297 | | 1,182 | | 986 | | 966 | | 963 | | 141 |
Other assets | | 3,451 | | 1,458 | | 2,212 | | 2,382 | | 2,285 | | 335 |
Cash and cash equivalents | | 27,217 | | 28,051 | | 50,213 | | 25,317 | | 34,085 | | 4,996 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | 433,671 | | 559,219 | | 764,395 | | 933,704 | | 1,044,828 | | 153,144 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, | |
| IFRS | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2009 | |
| | | RMB | | | RMB | | | US$ | |
| | | (in millions) | |
| | |
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Property, plant and equipment | | | 16,720 | | | | 17,467 | | | | 2,559 | |
| Investments in associates | | | 7,891 | | | | 8,470 | | | | 1,241 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financial assets | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Held-to-maturity securities | | | 211,929 | | | | 235,099 | | | | 34,442 | |
| Loans | | | 17,926 | | | | 23,081 | | | | 3,381 | |
| Term deposits | | | 228,272 | | | | 344,983 | | | | 50,540 | |
| Statutory deposits—restricted | | | 6,153 | | | | 6,153 | | | | 901 | |
| Available-for-sale securities | | | 424,939 | | | | 517,499 | | | | 75,814 | |
| Securities at fair value through income | | | 14,099 | | | | 9,133 | | | | 1,338 | |
| Accrued investment income | | | 13,149 | | | | 14,208 | | | | 2,081 | |
| Premiums receivables | | | 6,433 | | | | 6,818 | | | | 999 | |
| Reinsurance assets | | | 940 | | | | 832 | | | | 122 | |
| Other assets | | | 4,957 | | | | 6,317 | | | | 925 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | | | 34,085 | | | | 36,197 | | | | 5,303 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | | 987,493 | | | | 1,226,257 | | | | 179,648 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
Liabilities and equity | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Insurance contracts | | | 662,865 | | | | 818,164 | | | | 119,862 | |
| Financial liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Investment contracts | | | 65,063 | | | | 67,326 | | | | 9,863 | |
| Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | | | 11,390 | | | | 33,553 | | | | 4,916 | |
| Policyholder dividends payable | | | 43,178 | | | | 54,587 | | | | 7,997 | |
| Annuity and other insurance balances payable | | | 4,980 | | | | 5,721 | | | | 838 | |
| Premiums received in advance | | | 1,811 | | | | 1,804 | | | | 264 | |
| Other liabilities | | | 11,057 | | | | 11,978 | | | | 1,755 | |
| Deferred tax liabilities | | | 10,344 | | | | 16,361 | | | | 2,397 | |
| Current income tax liabilities | | | 1,668 | | | | 3,850 | | | | 564 | |
| Statutory insurance fund | | | 266 | | | | 137 | | | | 20 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | 812,622 | | | | 1,013,481 | | | | 148,476 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Shareholders’ equity | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Share capital | | | 28,265 | | | | 28,265 | | | | 4,141 | |
| Reserves | | | 84,447 | | | | 102,787 | | | | 15,058 | |
| Retained earnings | | | 61,235 | | | | 80,020 | | | | 11,723 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total shareholders’ equity | | | 173,947 | | | | 211,072 | | | | 30,922 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Minority interests | | | 924 | | | | 1,704 | | | | 250 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total equity | | | 174,871 | | | | 212,776 | | | | 31,172 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities and equity | | | 987,493 | | | | 1,226,257 | | | | 179,648 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, |
| | | 2004 | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2008 |
| | | RMB | | RMB | | RMB | | RMB | | RMB | | US$ |
Liabilities and equity | | (in millions) |
| | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Insurance Contracts | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Long-term traditional insurance contracts | | 89,698 | | 124,656 | | 172,875 | | 218,165 | | 273,474 | | 40,084 |
Long-term investment type insurance contracts | | 191,885 | | 237,001 | | 282,672 | | 284,588 | | 362,241 | | 53,095 |
Short-term insurance contracts | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-Reserves for claims and claim adjustment expenses | | 1,215 | | 1,784 | | 2,498 | | 2,391 | | 2,629 | | 385 |
-Unearned premium reserves | | 5,212 | | 5,147 | | 5,346 | | 5,728 | | 6,265 | | 918 |
Deferred income | | 27,603 | | 34,631 | | 41,371 | | 48,308 | | 74,487 | | 10,918 |
Financial liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment contracts | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-with discretionary participation feature (DPF) | | 32,476 | | 42,230 | | 45,998 | | 49,068 | | 51,713 | | 7,580 |
-without DPF | | 1,635 | | 1,872 | | 2,614 | | 2,234 | | 1,516 | | 222 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | | — | | 4,731 | | 8,227 | | 100 | | 11,390 | | 1,669 |
Policyholder dividends payable | | 2,037 | | 6,204 | | 26,057 | | 58,344 | | 24,358 | | 3,570 |
Annuity and other insurance balances payable | | 2,801 | | 4,492 | | 8,891 | | 14,111 | | 28,986 | | 4,249 |
Premiums received in advance | | 2,447 | | 2,951 | | 2,329 | | 2,201 | | 1,811 | | 265 |
Other liabilities | | 4,922 | | 4,106 | | 5,333 | | 8,870 | | 9,882 | | 1,448 |
Deferred tax liabilities | | 4,371 | | 7,982 | | 19,022 | | 24,786 | | 12,569 | | 1,842 |
Current income tax liabilities | | 38 | | 525 | | 843 | | 8,312 | | 1,668 | | 244 |
Statutory insurance fund | | 429 | | 98 | | 114 | | 122 | | 266 | | 39 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | 366,769 | | 478,410 | | 624,190 | | 727,328 | | 863,255 | | 126,531 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Shareholders’ equity | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Share capital | | 26,765 | | 26,765 | | 28,265 | | 28,265 | | 28,265 | | 4,143 |
Reserves | | 31,573 | | 37,225 | | 77,368 | | 114,825 | | 85,378 | | 12,514 |
Retained earnings | | 8,192 | | 16,388 | | 34,032 | | 62,410 | | 67,006 | | 9,821 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total shareholders’ equity | | 66,530 | | 80,378 | | 139,665 | | 205,500 | | 180,649 | | 26,478 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Minority interest | | 372 | | 431 | | 540 | | 876 | | 924 | | 135 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total equity | | 66,902 | | 80,809 | | 140,205 | | 206,376 | | 181,573 | | 26,614 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities and equity | | 433,671 | | 559,219 | | 764,395 | | 933,704 | | 1,044,828 | | 153,144 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. GAAP | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | 433,671 | | 559,219 | | 764,395 | | 933,704 | | 1,044,828 | | 153,144 |
Total liabilities | | 366,769 | | 478,410 | | 624,190 | | 727,328 | | 863,255 | | 126,531 |
Shareholders’ equity | | 66,530 | | 80,378 | | 139,665 | | 205,500 | | 180,649 | | 26,478 |
7
Exchange Rate Information We prepare our financial statements in Renminbi. This annual report contains translations of Renminbi amounts into U.S. dollars, and U.S. dollars into Renminbi, at
RMB6.8225RMB 6.8259 to US$1.00, the noon buying rate on December 31,
20082009 in the City of New York for cable transfers as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. You should not assume that Renminbi amounts could actually be converted into U.S. dollars at these rates or at all.
Until July 20, 2005, the PBOC had set and published daily a base exchange rate with reference primarily to the supply and demand of Renminbi against the U.S. dollar in the market during the prior day. The PBOC also took into account other factors, such as the general conditions existing in the international foreign exchange markets. From 1994 to July 20, 2005, the official exchange rate for the conversion of Renminbi to U.S. dollars was generally stable. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government introduced a managed floating exchange rate system to allow the value of the Renminbi to fluctuate within a regulated band based on market supply and demand and by reference to a basket of currencies. On the same day, the value of the Renminbi appreciated by 2.0% against the U.S. dollar. Since then, the PRC government has made, and may in the future make, further adjustments to the exchange rate system. The PBOC announces the closing price of a foreign currency traded against the Renminbi in the inter-bank foreign exchange market after the closing of the market on each working day, and makes it the central parity for the trading against the Renminbi on the following working day.
8
Although PRC governmental policies were introduced in 1996 to reduce restrictions on the convertibility of Renminbi into foreign currency for current account items, conversion of Renminbi into foreign exchange for capital items, such as foreign direct investments, loans or securities, requires the approval of the SAFE and other relevant authorities.
The Hong Kong dollar is freely convertible into other currencies, including the U.S. dollar. Since October 17, 1983, the Hong Kong dollar has been linked to the U.S. dollar at the rate of HK$7.80 to US$1.00. The central element in the arrangements which give effect to the link is that by agreement between the Hong Kong government and the three Hong Kong banknote issuing banks, The
HongkongHong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, Standard Chartered Bank and the Bank of China, certificates of debts, which are issued by the Hong Kong Government Exchange Fund to the banknote issuing banks to be held as cover for their banknote issues, are issued and redeemed only against payment in U.S. dollars, at the fixed exchange rate of HK$7.80 to US$1.00. When the banknotes are withdrawn from circulation, the banknote issuing banks surrender the certificates of debts to the Hong Kong Government Exchange Fund and are paid the equivalent U.S. dollars at the fixed rate.
The market exchange rate of the Hong Kong dollar against the U.S. dollar continues to be determined by the forces of supply and demand in the foreign exchange market. However, against the background of the fixed rate which applies to the issue of the Hong Kong currency in the form of banknotes, as described above, the market exchange rate has not deviated materially from the level of HK$7.80 to US$1.00 since the link was first established. The Hong Kong government has stated its intention to maintain the link at that rate, and it, acting through the Hong Kong Monetary Authority, has a number of means by which it may act to maintain exchange rate stability. Exchange rates between the Hong Kong dollar and other currencies are influenced by the linked rate between the U.S. dollar and the Hong Kong dollar.
The following tables set forth various information concerning exchange rates between Renminbi and U.S. dollars and between Hong Kong dollars and U.S. dollars for the periods indicated. These rates are provided solely for your convenience and are not necessarily the exchange rates we used in this annual report. The source of these rates is the Federal Reserve Bank of New York until December 31, 2008. Since January 1, 2009, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York discontinued publication of foreign exchange rates. The source of the rates since January 1, 2009 is the H.10 statistical release of the Federal Reserve Board. On April
24, 2009,23, 2010, the
exchange rates were US$ 1.00 to RMB6.8250RMB 6.8270 and US$ 1.00 to HK$7.7495,7.7628, respectively. The following table sets forth the high and low rates between Renminbi and U.S. dollars and between Hong Kong dollars and U.S. dollars for each of the periods shown:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | RMB per US$ | | | HK$ per US$ | |
| | | High | | | Low | | | High | | | Low | |
| October 2009 | | | 6.8292 | | | | 6.8248 | | | | 7.7502 | | | | 7.7495 | |
| November 2009 | | | 6.8300 | | | | 6.8255 | | | | 7.7501 | | | | 7.7495 | |
| December 2009 | | | 6.8299 | | | | 6.8244 | | | | 7.7572 | | | | 7.7495 | |
| January 2010 | | | 6.8295 | | | | 6.8258 | | | | 7.7752 | | | | 7.7539 | |
| February 2010 | | | 6.8330 | | | | 6.8258 | | | | 7.7716 | | | | 7.7619 | |
| March 2010 | | | 6.8270 | | | | 6.8254 | | | | 7.7648 | | | | 7.7574 | |
| April 2010 (through April 23, 2010) | | | 6.8275 | | | | 6.8229 | | | | 7.7672 | | | | 7.7565 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | RMB per US$ | | HK$ per US$ |
| | | High | | Low | | High | | Low |
October 2008 | | 6.8521 | | 6.8171 | | 7.7736 | | 7.7503 |
November 2008 | | 6.8373 | | 6.8220 | | 7.7560 | | 7.7497 |
December 2008 | | 6.8842 | | 6.8225 | | 7.7522 | | 7.7497 |
January 2009 | | 6.8403 | | 6.8225 | | 7.7618 | | 7.7522 |
February 2009 | | 6.8470 | | 6.8241 | | 7.7551 | | 7.7511 |
March 2009 | | 6.8438 | | 6.8240 | | 7.7593 | | 7.7497 |
April 2009 (through April 24, 2009) | | 6.8361 | | 6.8250 | | 7.7505 | | 7.7495 |
9
The following table sets forth the period-end rates and the average rates between Renminbi and U.S. dollars and between Hong Kong dollars and U.S. dollars for each of
2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008,
2009 and
20092010 (through April
24, 2009)23, 2010) (calculated by averaging the rates on the last day of each month of the periods shown):
| | | | | | | | |
| | | Period-end rate | | Average rate |
| | | RMB per
US$ | | HK$ per US$ | | RMB per
US$ | | HK$ per US$ |
2004 | | 8.2765 | | 7.7723 | | 8.2768 | | 7.7899 |
2005 | | 8.0702 | | 7.7533 | | 8.1826 | | 7.7755 |
2006 | | 7.8041 | | 7.7771 | | 7.9579 | | 7.7685 |
2007 | | 7.2946 | | 7.7984 | | 7.6072 | | 7.8008 |
2008 | | 6.8225 | | 7.7499 | | 6.9477 | | 7.7814 |
2009 (through April 24, 2009) | | 6.8250 | | 7.7495 | | 6.8342 | | 7.7523 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Period-end rate | | | Average rate | |
| | | RMB per | | | | | | | RMB per | | | | |
| | | US$ | | | HK$ per US$ | | | US$ | | | HK$ per US$ | |
| 2005 | | | 8.0702 | | | | 7.7533 | | | | 8.1826 | | | | 7.7755 | |
| 2006 | | | 7.8041 | | | | 7.7771 | | | | 7.9579 | | | | 7.7685 | |
| 2007 | | | 7.2946 | | | | 7.7984 | | | | 7.6072 | | | | 7.8008 | |
| 2008 | | | 6.8225 | | | | 7.7499 | | | | 6.9477 | | | | 7.7814 | |
| 2009 | | | 6.8259 | | | | 7.7536 | | | | 6.8295 | | | | 7.7513 | |
| 2010 (through April 23, 2010) | | | 6.8270 | | | | 7.7628 | | | | 6.8264 | | | | 7.7640 | |
B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS Our business, financial condition and results of operations can be affected materially and adversely by any of the following risk factors.
Risks Relating to Our Business Our growth is dependent on our ability to attract and retain productive agentsagents. A substantial portion of our business is conducted through our individual agents. Because of differences in productivity, a relatively small percentage of our sales agents is responsible for a disproportionately high percentage of our sales of individual products. If we are unable to retain and build on this core group of highly productive agents, our business could be materially and adversely affected. Competition for agents from insurance companies and other business institutions may also force us to increase the compensation of our agents and sales representatives, which would increase operating costs and reduce our profitability. Although we have not had difficulty in attracting and retaining productive agents in the recent past, and do not anticipate any difficulties in the future, we cannot guarantee that this will continue to be the case.
If we are unable to develop other distribution channels for our products, our growth may be materially and adversely affectedaffected.Banks
Commercial banks and banking operations of post offices are rapidly emerging as some of the fastest growing distribution channels in China. Newly established domestic and foreign-invested life insurance companies have been particularly focusing on commercial banks and banking operations of post offices as one of their main distribution channels. We do not have exclusive arrangements with any of the commercial banks and banking operations of post offices through which we sell insurance and annuity products, and thus our sales may be materially and adversely affected if one or more commercial banks or banking operations of post offices choose to favor our competitors’ products over our own. If we are unable to continue to develop our alternative distribution channels, our growth may be materially and adversely affected.
10
Agent and employee misconduct is difficult to detect and deter and could harm our reputation or lead to regulatory sanctions or litigation costscosts. Agent or employee misconduct could result in violations of law by us, regulatory sanctions, litigation or serious reputational or financial harm. Misconduct could include:
engaging in misrepresentation or fraudulent activities when marketing or selling insurance policies or annuity contracts to customers;
| • | | engaging in misrepresentation or fraudulent activities when marketing or selling insurance policies or annuity contracts to customers; |
|
| • | | hiding unauthorized or unsuccessful activities, resulting in unknown and unmanaged risks or losses; or |
|
| • | | otherwise not complying with laws or our control policies or procedures. |
hiding unauthorized or unsuccessful activities, resulting in unknown and unmanaged risks or losses; or
otherwise not complying with laws or our control policies or procedures.
We cannot always deter agent or employee misconduct, and the precautions we take to prevent and detect these activities may not be effective in all cases. We have experienced agent and employee misconduct that has resulted in litigation and administrative actions against us and these agents and employees, and in some cases criminal proceedings and convictions against the agent or employee in question. None of these actions has resulted in material losses, damages, fines or other sanctions against us. We cannot assure you, however, that agent or employee misconduct will not lead to a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Our business is dependent on our ability to attract and retain key personnel, including senior management, underwriting personnel, actuaries, information technology specialists, investment managers and other professionalsprofessionals. The success of our business is dependent to a large extent on our ability to attract and retain key personnel who have in-depth knowledge and understanding of the life insurance market in China, including members of our senior management, qualified underwriting personnel, actuaries, information technology specialists and experienced investment managers. As of the date of this annual report, we do not carry key personnel insurance for any of these personnel. We compete to attract and retain these key personnel with other life insurance companies and financial institutions, some of which may offer better compensation arrangements.
The number of new domestic and foreign-invested insurers is increasing at a significant pace, existingExisting insurers are expanding their operations and the number of other financial institutions is growing. As the insurance and investment businesses continue to expand in China, we expect that competition for these personnel will increase in the future. Although we have not had difficulty in attracting and retaining qualified key personnel in the past, we cannot guarantee that this will continue to be the case. If we were unable to continue to attract and retain key personnel, our financial performance could be materially and adversely affected.
We Are Exposedare exposed to Changeschanges in Interest Ratesinterest rates. Changes in interest rates may affect our profitabilityprofitability. Our profitability is affected by changes in interest rates. We have experienced a generally low interest rate environment for several years until October 2004, when the interest rate on one-year term deposits was raised from 1.98% to 2.25%. In August 2006, the interest rate on one-year term deposits was further raised from 2.25% to 2.52%. During the year 2007, several revisions were made to the interest rate on one-year term deposits, which resulted in the further increase of the interest rate from 2.52% to 4.14%. During the year 2008, in light of the global economic downturn, the PBOC consecutively reduced the interest rate on one year deposits significantly from 4.14% to 2.25% in an effort to bolster the economy. IfThe interest rate remained unchanged in the worldwide financial crisis worsens, theyear 2009. The Chinese government may take further measures, including reducing interest rates further, which may reduce the income we realize from our investments, affecting our profitability. In addition, as instruments in our investment portfolio mature, we might have to reinvest the funds we receive in investments bearing lower interest rates. However, if interest rates were to increase in the future, surrenders and withdrawals of insurance and annuity policies and contracts may increase as policyholders seek other investments with higher perceived returns. This process may result in cash outflows requiring that we sell investment assets including debt securities, equity securities, term deposits, restricted statutory deposits, loans, securities purchased under agreements to resell (or the “resale agreements”), cash and cash equivalents, at a time when the prices of those assets are adversely affected by the increase in market interest rates, which may result in realized investment losses.
11
For many of our long-term life insurance and annuity products, we are obligated to pay a minimum interest or crediting rate to our policyholders or annuitants, which is established when the product is priced. These products expose us to the risk that changes in interest rates may reduce our “spread”, or the difference between the rates that we are required to pay under the policies and the rate of return we are able to earn on our investments intended to support our insurance obligations. Our historical results and financial position included in this annual report reflect the continuing performance of policies that were issued by CLIC prior to June 10,
1999. Many of these policies paid guaranteed fixed rates of return that, due to declining interest rates, came to be significantly higher than the rates of return on investment assets. From 1996 through 2002, the PBOC made a series of reductions in the interest rates Chinese commercial banks could pay on their deposits. The interest rate on one-year term deposits, a key benchmark rate, was reduced eight times, from 10.98% in April 1996 to 1.98% in February 2002. As a result, CLIC experienced a significant negative spread on its guaranteed rate policies and CLIC’s results of operations continue to be adversely impacted by the effect of those interest rate cuts.
On June 10, 1999, the CIRC reduced to 2.50% the maximum guaranteed rate which life insurance companies could commit to pay on new policies and in response, CLIC adopted new pricing policies which reduced the guaranteed rates on its products to a range of between 1.50% and 2.50%. We also have shifted our mix of products to emphasize products that lessen the impact from interest rate changes, including traditional policies that are not as sensitive to interest rates and participating policies under which our customers receive a portion of our distributable earnings from participating products, as well as products having shorter terms to better match the duration of our investment portfolio. Furthermore, we have made use of the relaxation of investment restrictions applicable to us to diversify our investments. We and CLIC have not incurred negative spread on policies issued since June 10, 1999, as the average investment returns we and CLIC have been able to generate have been higher than their guaranteed rates. However, if the rates of return on our investments fall below the minimum rates we guarantee, our profitability would be materially and adversely affected.
Because of the general lack of long-term fixed income securities in the Chinese capital markets and the restrictions on the types of investments we may make, we are unable to match closely the duration of our assets and liabilities, which increases our exposure to interest rate riskrisk. Like other insurance companies, we seek to manage interest rate risk through managing, to the extent possible, the average duration of our investment assets and the insurance policy liabilities they support. Matching the duration of our assets to their related liabilities reduces our exposure to changes in interest rates, because the effect of the changes largely will be offset against each other. However, restrictions under the current PRC insurance law and regulations on the asset classes in which we may invest, as well as the limited availability of long-duration investment assets in the markets in which we invest, have resulted in the duration of our assets being shorter than that of our liabilities, particularly with respect to liabilities with durations of more than 20 years.Furthermore,years. Furthermore, the financial markets currently do not provide an effective means for us to hedge our interest rate risk through financial derivative products. We believe that, with the gradual easing of the investment restrictions imposed on insurance companies in China, our ability to match the duration of our assets to that of our liabilities will improve. We also seek to manage the risk of duration mismatch by focusing on product offerings whose maturity profiles are in line with the duration of investments available to us in the prevailing investment environment. However, until we are able to match more closely the duration of our assets and liabilities, we will continue to be exposed to interest rate changes, which may materially and adversely affect our earnings.
12
Our Investmentsinvestments are Subjectsubject to Risksrisks. We are exposed to potential investment losses if there is an economic downturn in ChinaChina.Under the current PRC insurance law,
Until November 2006, we
maywere only permitted to invest the premiums
deposits and other income we receive
only in
China, unless and until we are approvedinvestments in China. We obtained the approval to invest overseas with our foreign currency denominated
funds. We obtained approval for such overseas investmentfunds in November 2006. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Regulatory and Related Matters—Insurance Company Regulation—Regulation of investments”.
However, we continued to make our investments mainly in China and as of December 31, 2009, approximately 98.8% of our total investment assets were in China. In particular, as of December 31,
2008,2009, approximately
61.43%49.7% of our total investment assets consisted of debt securities including
government securities, bonds issued by state-owned policy banks of the Chinese government
bonds, government agency bonds, corporate bonds,
bonds issued by financial institutions, convertiblesubordinated bonds and
certain subordinated bonds;debt and
24.31%other bonds and debts as approved by relevant government agencies; and 28.6% of our total investment assets consisted of term deposits with Chinese banks, and of these deposits,
21.78%32.5% were placed with the four largest Chinese state-owned commercial banks. A serious downturn in the Chinese economy may lead to investment losses, which would reduce our earnings.
We may incur foreign exchange and other losses for our investments denominated in foreign currenciescurrencies. A portion of our investment assets
including the proceeds from our initial public offering in 2003, are held in foreign currencies. We are authorized by the CIRC to invest our assets held in foreign currencies in the overseas financial markets as permitted by the CIRC. Thus, our investment results may be subject to foreign exchange risks, as well as the volatility and various other factors of overseas capital markets, including, among others, increase in interest rates. We recorded
RMB907RMB 28 million (US$
1334 million) in foreign exchange losses for the year ended December 31,
2008,2009, resulting from our assets held in foreign currencies, which were affected by the appreciation of the Renminbi. Future movements in the exchange rate of RMB against the U.S. dollar and other foreign currencies may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Under China’s existing foreign exchange control regulations, the conversion of foreign currencies into the Renminbi requires approval of relevant government agencies. We obtained an approval to settle a portion of our assets held in foreign currencies into the Renminbi in 2005, which partially reduced the foreign exchange risks we are exposed to.
We didExcept the aforementioned approval obtained in 2005, we have not
obtainobtained any approval to settle any portion of our assets held in foreign currencies into the Renminbi,
in 2006, 2007 and 2008 and there is no guarantee that we will be able to obtain any such approval in the future. If we do not obtain such approval, our ability to manage our foreign exchange risks may be limited. There are few financial products available in China to hedge foreign exchange risks, which substantially limits our ability to manage our foreign exchange risks.
Defaults on our debt investments may materially and adversely affect our profitabilityprofitability. Approximately 61.43%49.7% of our investment assets as of December 31, 20082009 were comprised of debt securities. The issuers whose debt securities we hold may fail to pay or otherwise default on their obligations due to bankruptcy, a lack of liquidity, a downturn in the economy, operational failures or other reasons. Losses due to these defaults could reduce our profitability.
13
Unless we are permitted to invest in a broader range of asset classes, our ability to improve our rate of investment return will be limitedlimited. Our premiums
and deposits have grown rapidly during the last three years. As a Chinese life insurance company we are subject to significant restrictions under current PRC insurance law and regulations on the asset classes in which we are permitted to invest. Until 2004, Chinese life insurance companies were allowed to invest their funds only in Chinese bank deposits,
Chinese government bonds, domestic corporate bonds and securities investment funds. These asset classes historically have yielded a comparatively low return on investment. Since 2004, the investment channels of Chinese life insurance companies have been broadened to permit investment in
convertiblebank deposits, Chinese government bonds,
specifiedChinese government agency bonds, corporate bonds, subordinated
debtsbonds and
debt, other bonds
issuedand debt as approved by
qualifiedrelevant government agencies, policy loans, Chinese securities investment funds, RMB-denominated common shares listed on PRC stock exchanges, indirect investments in infrastructure projects, equity interests of non-listed Chinese commercial banks,
repurchase and
insurance companies; local government bonds issued and cashed by the Ministry of Finance as an agent, debt financing instruments of non-financial enterprises such as domestic medium-term notes issued in domestic market; unsecured bonds including bonds issued in Hong Kong by large state-owned enterprises and convertible bonds;resale agreements, overseas
investment of foreign currency denominated funds in qualified term deposits, debt securities, shares of Chinese companies listed on specified overseas stock exchanges, shares of foreign companies listed on specified overseas stock exchangesinvestments and other
overseas investment channels as approved by the
CIRC; direct investment in shares of companies listed on the Chinese securities market, which are denominated and traded in Renminbi; and direct investment in equity interests of non-listed commercial Chinese banks, as well as indirect investments in Chinese infrastructure projects,State Council, all subject to various limitations. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Regulatory and Related Matters—Insurance Company Regulation—Regulation of investments”. If the asset classes in which we are permitted to invest do not further expand in the future, we will be limited in our ability to improve our rate of return, which may materially and adversely impact our profitability.
The PRC securities markets are still emerging markets, which may expose us to risks of loss from our investments therethere. We had
RMB75,082RMB 179,405 million (US$
11,00526,283 million) invested in equity securities,
among which RMB 165,835 million (US$24,295 million) were invested in PRC securities markets, including securities investment funds and shares traded on the securities markets in China, as of December 31,
2008.2009. These securities investment funds are primarily invested in equity securities that are issued by Chinese companies and traded on China’s securities exchanges. Some of our investments in securities investment funds are publicly traded, but we also invest in non-publicly traded securities investment funds. Beginning in March 2005, we are also permitted to directly invest in shares traded on the securities markets in China. The PRC securities markets are characterized by companies with relatively small market capitalizations and low trading volumes, and by evolving regulatory, accounting and disclosure requirements.
For example, Chinese listed companies are required to adopt the new accounting standards issued by the MOF effective from January 1, 2007, and the share reform in connection with the conversion of non-tradable state-owned shares into tradable shares is still in progress. This may from time to time result in significant price volatility, unexpected losses or lack of liquidity. These factors could cause us to incur losses on our publicly traded investments. In addition, the PRC securities markets have recently experienced, and may experience in the future, significant price volatility. Also, as one of the largest institutional investors in China, we may from time to time hold significant positions in many securities in which we invest, and any decision to sell or any perception in the market that we are a major seller of a security could adversely affect the liquidity and market price of that security.
Investments in new investment channels may not lead to improvements in our rate of investment return or we may incur losseslosses. As a Chinese life insurance company, we are subject to significant restrictions under current PRC insurance law and regulations on the asset classes in which we are permitted to invest. We understand that the CIRC is considering opening further investment channels to insurance companies.companies. We will consider these alternative ways of investing once they become available to us. However, these new or potential investment channels are still undergoing evolving regulatory requirements. In addition, our experience with these new investment channels, especially overseas channels, might be limited. These factors could cause us to incur losses for our investments in these new investment channels or limit our ability to improve our rate of investment return.
14
Differences in future actual claimsoperating results from the assumptions used in pricing and establishing reserves for our insurance and annuity products may materially and adversely affect our earningsearnings. Our earnings depend significantly upon the extent to which our actual
claimsoperating results are consistent with the
relevant assumptions used in setting the prices for our products and establishing the
liabilitiesreserves in our financial
statements for our obligations for future policy benefits and claims.statements. Our assumptions include those for
investment returns,discount rate, mortality, morbidity, expenses and
persistency,lapse rate, as well as
certain macro-economic
factors such as inflation.factors. To the extent that trends in actual
claims resultsexperiences are less favorable than our underlying assumptions used in establishing these
liabilities,reserves, and these trends are expected to continue in the future, we could be required to increase our
liabilities.reserves. Any such increase could have a material adverse effect on our profitability and, if significant, our financial condition.
Any material impairment in our solvency margin could change our customers’ or our business associates’ perception of our financial health, which in turn could adversely affect our sales, earnings and operations.We establish the
liabilitiesreserves for obligations
forof future
policy benefits and claimspolicies based on the expected payout of benefits, calculated through the use of assumptions for
investment returns,discount rate, mortality, morbidity, expenses and
persistency,lapse rate, as well as certain macro-economic
factors such as inflation.factors. These assumptions are based on our previous experience
and data published by other Chinese life insurers, as well as judgments made by the management. These assumptions may deviate from our actual experience, and, as a result, we cannot determine precisely the amounts which we will ultimately pay to settle these
liabilitiesreserves or when these payments will need to be made. These amounts may vary from the estimated amounts, particularly when those payments may not occur until well into the future.
The discount rate assumption is affected by certain factors, such as further macro-economy, monetary and exchange rate policies, capital market results and availability of investment channels to invest our insurance funds. We
review and update the assumptions used to evaluate
our liabilitiesthe reserves periodically,
and establish the reserves for insurance policies based on
such assumptions. Standards with respect to the calculation and presentation of reserves are still evolving, and any changes in the
assumptions used toestablish the liabilities, as well as onfuture may also impact our actual policy benefitsearnings and claims results.presentations of financial statements. We record changes in our liabilitiesreserves in the period the liabilitiesreserves are established or re-estimated. If the liabilitiesreserves originally established for future policy benefits prove inadequate or excessive, we must increase our liabilitiesreserves established for future policy benefits, which may have a material adverse effect on our earnings and our financial condition.
We have data available for a shorter period of time than do insurance companies operating in some other countries and, as a result, less claims experience on which to base some of the assumptions used in establishing our reserves. For a discussion of how we establish our assumptions for mortality, morbidity and
lapses,lapse rate, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Critical Accounting Policies”. Given the limited nature of this experience, it is possible that our actual claims could vary significantly from the assumptions used.
Our risk management and internal reporting systems, policies and procedures may leave us exposed to unidentified or unanticipated risks, which could materially and adversely affect our businesses or result in losseslosses. Our policies and procedures to identify, monitor and manage risks may not be fully effective. Many of our methods of managing risk and exposures are based upon our use of observed historical market behavior or statistics based on historical models. As a result, these methods may not predict future exposures, which could be significantly greater than what the historical measures indicate. Other risk management methods depend upon the evaluation of information regarding markets, customers or other matters that is publicly available or otherwise accessible to us, which may not always be accurate, complete, up-to-date or properly evaluated. In addition, a significant portion of business information needs to be centralized from our many branch offices. Management of operational, legal and regulatory risks requires, among other things, policies and procedures to record properly and verify a large number of transactions and events, and these policies and procedures may not be fully effective. Failure or the ineffectiveness of these systems could materially and adversely affect our business or result in losses.
15
We are likely to offer a broader and more diverse range of insurance and investment products in the future as the insurance market in China continues to develop. At the same time, we anticipate that the relaxing of regulatory restraints will result in our being able to invest in a significantly broader range of asset classes. The combination of these factors will require us to continue to enhance our risk management capabilities and is likely to increase the importance of our risk management policies and procedures to our results of operations and financial condition. If we fail to adapt our risk management policies and procedures to our changing business, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.
Catastrophes could materially reduce our earnings and cash flowflow. We could in the future experience catastrophic losses that may have an adverse impact on the business, results of operations and financial condition of our insurance business. Catastrophes can be caused by various events, including terrorist attacks, earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, fires and epidemics, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS. For example, the snow disaster in South China and Wen Chuan earthquake in 2008 increased our current
claimclaims payments. In 2008, our claims payments for the snow disaster and for the earthquake were approximately
RMB11.916RMB 11.916 million (US$1.747 million) and
RMB153RMB 153 million (US$22 million), respectively.
We establish liabilities for claims arising from a catastrophe only after assessing the exposure and damages arising from the event. We do not currently carry catastrophe reinsurance to reduce our catastrophe exposure. Such an event could have a material adverse effect on us.
Current or future litigation and regulatory procedures could result in financial losses or harm our businessesbusinesses. We are involved in litigation involving our insurance operations on an ongoing basis. In addition, the CIRC, as well as other PRC governmental agencies, including tax, commerce and industrial administration and audit
bureaus, from time to time make inquiries and conduct examinations or investigations concerning our compliance with PRC laws and regulations. These litigation and administrative proceedings have in the past resulted in payments of insurance benefits, damage awards, settlements or administrative sanctions, including fines, which have not been material to us. We currently have control procedures in place to monitor our litigation and regulatory exposure and take appropriate actions. See “Item 8. Financial Information—Consolidated Financial Statements and Other Financial Information—Legal and Regulatory Proceedings”. While we cannot predict the outcome of any pending or future litigation, examination or investigation, we do not believe that any pending legal matter will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. However, we cannot assure you that any future litigation or regulatory proceeding will not have an adverse outcome, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results or cash flows. See “Item 8. Financial Information—Consolidated Financial Statements and Other Financial Information—Legal and Regulatory Proceedings”.
16
The embedded value information we present in this annual report is based on several assumptions and may vary significantly as those assumptions are changedchanged. In order to provide investors with an additional tool to understand our economic value and business results, we have disclosed information regarding our embedded value, as discussed in the section entitled “Item 8. Financial Information—Embedded Value”. These measures are based on a discounted cash flow valuation determined using commonly applied actuarial methodologies. Standards with respect to the calculation of embedded value are still evolving, however, and there is no
single adopteduniversal standard
for eitherwhich defines the form,
determinationcalculation method or presentation
format of the embedded value of an insurance company.
Moreover, becauseAssumptions used in embedded value calculations include discount rate, mortality, morbidity, expenses and surrender rate, as well as certain macro-economic factors. These assumptions may deviate significantly from our actual experience. Because of the technical complexity involved in embedded value calculations and the fact that embedded value estimates vary materially as key assumptions are changed, you should read the discussion under the section entitled “Item 8. Financial Information—Embedded Value” in their entirety. You should use special care when interpreting embedded value results and should not place undue reliance on them. See also “Forward-Looking Statements”.
Risks Relating to the PRC Life Insurance Industry We expect competition in the Chinese insurance industry to increase, which may materially and adversely affect the growth of our businessbusiness. We face competitive pressures from both domestic and foreign-invested life insurance companies operating in China, as well as from property and casualty insurance companies, which may compete with our accident and short-term health insurance businesses, and other financial institutions that sell other financial investment products in competition with ours. In addition, the establishment of other professional health insurance companies and pension annuities companies may also lead to greater competition in the health insurance business and commercial pension insurance business. If we are not able to adapt to these increasingly competitive pressures in the future, our growth rate may decline, which could materially and adversely affect our earnings.
Competition among domestic life insurance companies is increasingincreasing. Our closest competitors are Ping An Life Insurance Company of China, Ltd., or Ping An, and China Pacific Life Insurance Co. Ltd., or China Pacific Life. Together, Ping An, China Pacific Life and we accounted for more than 65% of the individual and group life insurance premiums in China in
2007,2008, the last year for which official market information is available. According to statistical and market share information derived from China Insurance Yearbook, our market share of the individual life insurance premiums in China
decreasedincreased from
45% in 2006 to 40% in
2007.2007 to 43% in 2008. Each of Ping An and China Pacific Life has operated in the Chinese insurance market for more than ten years, and each has a recognized brand name. Ping An had a greater market share than we did in Beijing,
Shanghai, Qingdao and Dalian in
2007.2008. We also face competition from smaller insurance companies, which may develop strong positions in various regions in which we operate, and new entrants to the group life insurance market, including professional pension companies that are being established pursuant to a set of regulations promulgated by the
Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the PRC, and new entrants to the health insurance industry, including newly approved and established professional health insurance companies, following the adoption by the Chinese government of policies that encourage the development of health insurance and improved health care in China.
17
Competition from foreign-invested life insurance companies is increasing, as restrictions on their operations in China are relaxedrelaxed. Foreign-invested life insurance companies are insurance companies in which foreign entities hold at least a 25.0% interest. Until December 11, 2004, foreign-invested life insurance companies were permitted to operate only in specified cities and may not offer group life insurance, health insurance and annuities or other pension-like products. As a result of these and other restrictions on foreign-invested life insurance companies operating in China, foreign-invested insurers accounted for less than 3% of the nationwide market share of life insurance products in 2004, although some have already gained significant market shares in the life insurance market in some areas in China.
In Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, where foreign-invested insurers have been allowed to operate since 1992, 1995 and 1999, they had respective life insurance market shares of approximately 23%, 29% and 20% in 2007. However, these barriers to foreign insurers’ entry into the Chinese insurance market were phased out as a result of China’s accession to the World Trade Organization, or WTO, in December 2001, which has allowed foreign insurers to sell health, annuity and group life insurance products nationwide since December 2004.
In Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, where foreign-invested insurers have been allowed to operate since 1992, 1995 and 1999, they had respective life insurance market shares of approximately 18%, 11% and 13% in 2008. We believe that the relaxation of the restrictions on foreign-invested insurers will continue to increase the competitive pressures we are facing. Foreign-invested life insurance companies, through their Chinese and/or foreign shareholders, may have access to greater financial, technological or other resources than we do.
We are likely to face increasing competition from property and casualty insurance companies and other companies offering products that compete with our ownown. In addition to competition from life insurance companies, we face competition from other companies that may offer products that compete with our own, including:
| | • | | Property and casualty companies.Beginning on January 1, 2003, property and casualty insurance companies have been permitted to sell accident and short-term health insurance products, but only with regulatory approval. There were 4752 property and casualty insurers as of December 31, 2008.2009. We believe property and casualty insurers have the competitive advantage of being able to bundle, or cross-sell, accident and health products with the other non-life insurance products that they are currently selling to their existing and potential customers. We believe this will lead to greater competition in the accident and health insurance sectors, especially for the group accident and short-term health insurance products we offer. On December 30, 2006, we established a property and casualty joint venture, CLPCIC, with CLIC. While this joint venture mainly focuses on property insurance business, it also develops accident and short-term health insurance business. Its operationoperations may have a negative impact on sales of accident and short-term health insurance products by our wholly-owned businesses in the future. |
|
| | • | | Mutual fund companies, commercial banks and other financial services providers. We face competition from other financial services providers, primarily licensed mutual fund companies, commercial banks providing personal banking services and operating business of various financial products, trust companies and securities brokerage firms licensed to manage separate accounts. Recent changes in Chinese investment regulations relaxing rules on the formation of mutual funds and sales of securities have led to greater availability and variety of financial investment products. These products may prove to be attractive to the public and thereby adversely affect the sale of some products we offer, including participating life insurance policies and annuities. |
18
All of our individual agents are required to obtain qualification certificates and all of our institutional insurance agencies and brokers are required to obtain permits and go through registration.be registered. If a substantial number of our individual agents, institutional insurance agencies and brokers fail to meet these qualification and registration requirements are enforced or resultthis failure results in policyholders canceling their policies, our business may be materially and adversely affectedaffected. Individual life insurance agents,
practitionersrepresentatives of institutional insurance agencies and insurance brokers are required to obtain a qualification certificate from the CIRC in order to conduct insurance agency business. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Regulatory and Related Matters—Regulation of Insurance Agencies, Insurance Brokers and Other Intermediaries”. Approximately
0.4%0.2% of our individual agents had not obtained such a certificate as of December 31,
2008. In May 2004, the2009. Under applicable CIRC
issued a circular requiring insurance companies to take effective measures in carrying out the qualification certification requirement. In 2005, CIRC agencies in certain provinces started to enforce the CIRC qualification requirements. Furthermore, in April 2006, the CIRC issued regulations on administration of individual agents, effective on July 1, 2006, in order to further strengthen the administration of individual agents. Pursuant to these regulations, insurance companies that retain individual agents without CIRC qualification certificates and underwriting certificates to engage in insurance sales activities will be warned and fined up to
RMB30,000,RMB 30,000, and the responsible
membermembers of senior management and other responsible personnel of such insurance companies will
also be warned and fined up to
RMB10,000.RMB 10,000. In serious circumstances, the CIRC may order the insurance companies to remove the responsible
membermembers of senior management and other responsible personnel from office and reject
theany application
of setting upfor establishing branch offices by such insurance companies. In addition, the CIRC required that every individual agent must wear credentials showing specified information, including whether or not the agent is licensed, when conducting agency business. If more CIRC agencies were to enforce this regulation in the future, and if a substantial number of our agents do not become qualified, or if a substantial number of our policyholders who bought insurance policies through our unqualified exclusive agents were to cancel the policies because of
this regulation,these regulations, our business may be materially and adversely affected. Moreover, we may be subject to fines and other administrative proceedings for the failure of our insurance agents to obtain the necessary CIRC qualification
certificate.certificates. Any such fines or administrative proceedings could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Under the current PRC insurance law, as amended in 2002, life insurance agents are required to be registered with and obtain business licenses from the local bureaus of the SAIC. It is our understanding that the SAIC does not have procedures in place to effect the registration and licensing of individual insurance agents. Consequently, as we believe is also the case with other insurance companies operating in China, substantially all of our individual agents are not in compliance with this requirement. To date, this non-compliance has not had a material adverse effect on CLIC or ourselves. The Regulations on the Administration of Insurance Salespersons issued by the CIRC in April 2006 do not have such requirement. The PRC insurance law, as amended in February 2009, which will take effect from October 1, 2009, has removed the dual requirement under the current PRC insurance law which requires individual insurance agents to receive qualification certificates issued by the CIRC and register with and obtain business licenses from the local bureaus of the SAIC. It only requires individual insurance agents to receive qualification certificates issued by the CIRC. For institutional
Institutional insurance agents and insurance brokers
are required under the
2009 PRC insurance law
requires them to register with the administration of industry and commerce, and obtain business licenses with the permits issued by the CIRC. It also requires non-dedicated institutional insurance agencies to
go through alterationobtain registrations with the administration of industry and commerce with the permits issued by the CIRC. We cannot assure you that all of our institutional agents would obtain such licenses, and the enforcement of this requirement could adversely affect the composition and effectiveness of our
individual agent distribution system, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
The further development of regulations in China may impose additional costs and restrictions on our activitiesactivities. We operate in a highly regulated industry. The CIRC supervises and administers the insurance industry in China. In exercising its authority, it is given wide discretion to administer the law. China’s insurance regulatory
regime is undergoing significant changes toward a more transparent regulatory process and a convergent movement toward international standards. Some of these changes may result in additional costs or restrictions on our activities. The CIRC issued new regulations on the compilation of statutory actuarial report and the actuarial regulations of investment-linked insurance products and universal insurance products in 2007. These new regulations may further affect the determinations of our statutory reserves and solvency margin and hence our income under PRC GAAP. In addition, because the terms of our products are subject to regulations, changes in regulations may affect our profitability on the policies and contracts we issue. For instance, under guidelines issued by the CIRC, the dividends on our participating products must be no less than 70% of the distributable earnings from participating products in accordance with CIRC requirements. If this level were to be increased in the future, our profitability could be materially and adversely affected.
Our ability to comply with minimum solvency requirements is affected by a number of factors, and our compliance may force us to raise additional capital, which could be dilutive to our existing investors, or to reduce our growthgrowth. We are required by CIRC regulation to maintain our actual capital (or the “actual solvency margin”) at a level in excess of minimum capital (or the “minimum solvency margin”) levels. Our minimum capitalsolvency is affected primarily by the policy reserves we are required to maintain which, in turn, are affected by the volume of policies and contracts we sell and by regulations on the determination of statutory reserves. Our solvency ratio is also affected by a number of other factors, including the profit margin of our products, returns on our investments, underwriting and acquisition costs and policyholder and shareholder dividends. Our solvency ratio as of December 31, 20082009 was 310%303.59%. While our solvency ratio is currently above the required ratio of 100%, if we continue to grow rapidly in the future, or if the required minimum capitalsolvency level is raised in the future, we may need to raise additional capital to meet our solvency requirement, including through additional issuances of shares, which would be dilutive to our existing investors. If we are not able to raise additional capital, we may be forced to reduce the growth of our business.
19
Risks Relating to the Restructuring CLIC has incurred substantial losses on the policies retained by it in the restructuring. If CLIC is unable to meet its obligations to its policyholders, it may seek to increase the level of dividends we pay, sell the China Life shares it owns or take other actions which may have a material adverse effect on the value of the shares our other existing investors ownown. In connection with the restructuring, CLIC transferred to us (1) all long-term insurance policies (policies having a term of more than one year from the date of issuance) issued on or after June 10, 1999, having policy terms approved by or filed with the CIRC on or after June 10, 1999 and either (i) recorded as a long-term insurance policy as of June 30, 2003 in a database attached to the restructuring agreement as an annex or (ii) having policy terms for group supplemental medical insurance (fund type), (2) stand-alone short-term policies (policies having a term of one year or less from the date of issuance) issued on or after June 10, 1999, and (3) all riders supplemental to the policies described in clauses (1) and (2) above, together with the reinsurance contracts specified in an annex to the restructuring agreement. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—History and Development of the Company—Our Restructuring”. CLIC has incurred substantial losses on these non-transferred policies, primarily because the guaranteed rates it had committed to pay on these policies are higher than the investment return it was able to generate on its investment assets. This negative spread on non-transferred policies created substantial losses for CLIC and a resulting negative net worth. As of September 30, 2003, CLIC’s shareholders’ equity was a deficit of
RMB251,661RMB 251,661 million (US$31,184 million). The amount of accumulated undistributed profits of CLIC is expected to remain negative in the short term.
In connection with the restructuring, CLIC has established, together with the MOF, a special purpose fund for the purpose of paying claims under the non-transferred policies. The special purpose fund will be funded by investment assets retained by CLIC; renewal premiums paid on the non-transferred policies over time; all of the
tax payments made by CLIC, China Life and AMC; profits from the investments of the special purpose fund; shareholder dividends paid in cash to CLIC by China Life; proceeds from the disposition of China Life shares by CLIC over time; and funds injected by the MOF in the event of a deficiency in the special purpose fund, as described below. The fund is co-administered by CLIC and the MOF. The special purpose fund will be available to satisfy CLIC’s operating expenses, including the payment of benefits and claims obligations arising from the non-transferred policies, as well as expenses incurred in operating the special purpose fund, including third-party management fees and professional fees, and such other purposes as the management committee of the fund may agree. The special purpose fund will be dissolved when all claims and benefits under the non-transferred policies have been paid, or sooner if the management committee so agrees.
The MOF’s approval of the special purpose fund issued to CLIC provides that in the event there is any deficiency in the special purpose fund for so long as the fund is in existence, as described above, to meet any payment obligation arising out of the non-transferred policies, the MOF will provide support through the injection of funds to ensure the payments of benefits and claims to the policyholders of the non-transferred policies. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—History and Development of the Company—Our Restructuring—Transfer of Insurance Policies and Related Assets—Insurance policies retained by CLIC”Restructuring”. We have been advised by our PRC legal counsel, King & Wood, that (1) the MOF has the authority to issue this approval regarding the special purpose fund, (2) the approval is valid and effective, and (3) it has no reason to believe that the MOF will revoke the approval. We cannot assure you, however, that a court would decide in a manner consistent with King & Wood’s conclusions.
20
We cannot predict the amount of funds that will be available to the special purpose fund from CLIC’s own operations to satisfy its obligations to its policyholders as they become due. CLIC’s cash requirements and available cash resources will be affected by several factors which are subject to uncertainty, including prevailing interest rates and the returns on investment generated by CLIC’s assets, as well as the claims, expenses and persistency experience with respect to CLIC’s insurance policies. The cash resources available to CLIC will also depend in part on our profitability, which will affect the amount of our tax payments and hence the amount of refund contributed to the fund, the timing and amount of our dividend payments and the market prices of our shares and ADSs, which will affect the proceeds to CLIC from dispositions of our shares. If it is unable to satisfy its obligations to its policyholders from other sources, CLIC may seek, subject to our articles of association and applicable laws, to increase the amount of dividends we pay in order to satisfy its cash flow requirements. Any such increase in our dividend payments would reduce the funds available for reinvestment in our business. In addition, if we are unable to pay dividends in amounts sufficient to satisfy these requirements, CLIC may seek to sell its shareholdings in us or take other actions in order to satisfy these needs. The sale of these holdings or even the market perception of such a sale may materially and adversely affect the price of our shares.
The transfer of policies to us by CLIC and/or the separation of assets between CLIC and us may be subject to challengechallenge. We have been advised by our PRC legal counsel, King & Wood, that (1) the transferred policies have been legally and validly transferred to China Life and (2) following the restructuring, we will not have any continuing obligations to holders of the non-transferred policies who remain policyholders of CLIC and that there is no legal basis on which holders of the non-transferred policies can make a claim against China Life. We also have been advised by King & Wood that, although there is no specific law applicable to restructurings, these conclusions are supported by, among other things, the approval of the restructuring and various related matters by the State Council, the MOF and the CIRC; the support provided by the MOF with respect to the non-transferred policies as described above; and contract and other law. We cannot assure you that policyholders of CLIC, holders of transferred policies or other parties will not seek to challenge the transfer of the transferred policies or the separation of assets occurring as a consequence of the restructuring, or that a court would decide in a manner consistent with King & Wood’s conclusions. If the transfer of policies to us or the separation of assets were challenged successfully, our financial condition and results of operations would likely be materially and adversely affected.
We do not hold exclusive rights to the trademarks in the “China Life” name (in English and Chinese), the “ball” logos and other business related slogans and logos, and CLIC, which owns these trademarks, may take actions that would impair the benefits we derive from their useuse. We conduct our business under the “China Life” brand name, the “ball” logos and other business related slogans and logos. CLIC owns these trademarks and has registered them with the Trademark Office of the SAIC.CLICSAIC. CLIC has entered into a trademark license agreement with us, under which CLIC has agreed to grant us and our branches a royalty-free license to use these trademarks.
21
Although CLIC has undertaken in a non-competition agreement with us not to compete with us in China, without our prior consent in writing, in any life, accident and health insurance and any other businesses in China which may compete with our insurance business, CLIC, its subsidiaries and affiliates are permitted to use the brand name and logo in their own businesses, including life insurance business outside China and any other businesses they may enter into in the future within China, including property and casualty (other than businesses that compete with our accident and health businesses) and asset management businesses. In addition, they are not precluded from taking actions that may impair the value of the brand name, which could harm our business. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party
Transactions —Trademark License Agreement” and “Item 7. Major Shareholders andTransactions—Continuing Related Party
Transactions—Related Party Transactions—Non-Competition Agreement”Transactions with CLIC”. The China Life brand name and our reputation could be materially harmed if CLIC fails to make payments when due on outstanding policies retained by CLIC in the restructuring or new policies written by CLIC after the restructuring, if CLIC reduces the rates of return payable on policies retained by CLIC or if CLIC is placed into receivership.
As our controlling shareholder, CLIC will be able to exert influence on our affairs and could cause us to make decisions or enter into transactions that may not be in your best interestsinterests. We are controlled by CLIC, whose interests may conflict with those of our other shareholders. As of the date of this annual report, CLIC holds approximately 68.37% of our share capital. As a result of these factors, CLIC, which is wholly-owned by the PRC government, will, so long as it holds the majority of our shares, effectively be able to control the composition of our board of directors and, through the board, exercise a significant influence over our management and policies. In addition, subject to our articles of association and applicable laws, CLIC may, so long as it holds the majority of our shares, effectively be able to determine the timing and amount of our dividend payments and approve increases or decreases of our share capital, the issuance of new securities, amendments of our articles of association, mergers and acquisitions and other major corporate transactions. CLIC may also be able to prevent us effectively from taking actions to enforce or exercise our rights under agreements to which we are a party, including the agreements we entered into with CLIC in connection with the restructuring. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions”. As
a majority shareholder, CLIC may be able to take these actions without your approval. In addition, CLIC’s control could have the effect of deterring hostile takeovers or delaying or preventing changes in control or changes in management that might be desirable to other shareholders.
CLIC may direct business opportunities elsewhereelsewhere. CLIC has other business interests, including the run-off of the insurance policies retained by it in the restructuring. Notwithstanding a general undertaking pursuant to a non-competition agreement with us not to compete with us in our principal areas of business in China, CLIC is permitted to sell riders to these retained policies and enter into other businesses, including life insurance businesses outside of China and property and casualty (other than businesses that compete with our accident and health businesses) and asset management businesses, both inside and outside of China. We formed a property and casualty joint venture with CLIC, in connection with which we granted a waiver to CLIC allowing it to engage in accident and short-term health businesses indirectly through the property and casualty joint venture with us.
CLIC is also engaged in the life insurance business in Shanghai through its joint venture with Colonial Mutual Group, an Australian financialservices company, of which CLIC owns 51.0% and which CLIC had agreed to dispose of prior to December 18, 2006. As of the date of this annual report, the transfer of CLIC’s equity interest in this joint venture is still ongoing.
CLIC also may engage in insurance business in other regions outside of China in the future. Although it is required under the non-competition agreement to give us a right of first refusal over any business opportunities it develops in these areas, we may not be in a position to take advantage of these opportunities at that time, which could harm our business. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions—
Non-Competition Agreement”Continuing Related Party Transactions with CLIC”.
In addition, while we provide policy administration and other services to CLIC for the policies retained by CLIC in the restructuring, and provide investment management services to CLIC through our asset management subsidiary, these agreements can be terminated with notice or upon expiration in a limited number of years.expiration. If CLIC were to terminate its policy administration and asset management arrangements with us and our asset management subsidiary respectively, our loss of fees could materially and adversely affect us.
22
Risks Relating to the People’s Republic of China China’s economic, political and social conditions, as well as government policies, could affect our businessbusiness. Substantially all of our assets are located in China and substantially all of our revenues are derived from our operations in China. Accordingly, our results of operations and prospects are subject, to a significant degree, to economic, political and legal developments in China. The economy of China differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including:
the extent of government involvement;
| • | | the extent of government involvement; |
|
| • | | its level of development; |
|
| • | | its growth rate; and |
|
| • | | its control of foreign exchange. |
its level of development;
its control of foreign exchange.
The economy of China has been transitioning from a planned economy to a more market-oriented economy. Although in recent years the Chinese government has implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets and the establishment of sound corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of productive assets in China is still owned by the Chinese government. In addition, the Chinese government continues to play a significant role in regulating industrial development. It also exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies.
In 2008, China saw a decline in growth due to the global economic crisis, which prompted the Chinese government to take certain measures, including reducing the interest rate on one year term deposits, a key benchmark rate, from 4.14% to 2.25%, in an effort to encourage corporate and consumer spending.
In 2009, the Chinese government continued its stimulus measures. Some of these measures benefit the overall economy of China but may have a negative effect on our business.
OurFor example, our operating results and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected by government monetary policies,
changes in interest rate policies, tax
policies,regulations, policies and regulations affecting the capital markets and asset management industry. A slowdown in Chinese growth rates could adversely affect us by impacting sales of our products, reducing our investment returns, or otherwise.
The PRC legal system has inherent uncertainties that could limit the legal protections available to youyou. We are organized under the laws of China and are governed by our articles of association. The Chinese legal system is based on written statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but are not binding on
subsequent cases and have limited precedential value. Since 1979, the Chinese legislative bodies have promulgated laws and regulations dealing with such economic matters as foreign investment, corporate organization and governance, commerce, taxation and trade. However, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published decisions and their non-binding nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties.
23
Holders of H shares and ADSs generally are required to resolve disputes with us, our senior management and holders of our A shares only through arbitration in Hong Kong or ChinaChina. In accordance with the rules applicable to Chinese overseas listed companies, our articles of association provide that, with certain limited exceptions, all disputes or claims based on our articles of association, PRC company law or other relevant laws or administrative rules, and concerning matters between holders of H shares and ADSs and holders of A shares, us, or our directors, supervisors, president, vice presidents or other senior officers, must be submitted for arbitration at either the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission or the Hong Kong International Arbitration Center. If an applicant chooses to have the dispute arbitrated at the Hong Kong International Arbitration Center, either party may request that the venue be changed to Shenzhen, a city in China near Hong Kong. The governing law for any such disputes or claims is Chinese law, unless Chinese law itself provides otherwise. Pursuant to an arrangement of mutual enforcement of arbitration awards between the PRC courts and the Hong Kong courts, Hong Kong arbitration awards are enforceable in China. However, to our knowledge, no action has been brought in China by any holder of shares issued by a Chinese company to enforce an arbitral award. As a result, we are uncertain as to the outcome of any action brought in China to enforce an arbitral award made in favor of holders of H
shares.shares and ADSs.
The laws in China differ from the laws in the United States and may afford less protection to our minority shareholdersshareholders. Unlike laws in the United States, the applicable laws of China did not specifically allow shareholders to sue the directors, supervisors, officers or other shareholders on behalf of the company to enforce a claim against these parties that the company has failed to enforce itself until January 1, 2006, when the amendments to Chinese company law passed in 2005 became effective. Although the amended Chinese company law provides that shareholders, under certain circumstances, may sue the directors, supervisors and senior management on behalf of the company, no detailed implementation rules or court interpretations have been issued in this regard. Also, class action lawsuits are generally not available in China. In addition, PRC company law imposes limited obligations on a controlling shareholder with respect to protection of minority shareholders, although overseas listed joint stock companies, such as ourselves, are required to adopt certain provisions in their articles of association that are designed to protect minority shareholder rights. These mandatory provisions provide, among other things, that the rights of any class of shares, including H shares, may not be varied without a resolution approved by holders of shares in the affected class holding no less than two-thirds of the shares of the affected class entitled to vote, and provide that in connection with a merger or division involving our company, a dissenting shareholder may require us or the consenting shareholders to purchase the dissenters’ shares at a fair price. Disputes arising from these protective provisions would likely have to be resolved by arbitration. See “—Holders of H shares and ADSs generally are required to resolve disputes with us, our senior management and holders of our A shares only through arbitration in Hong Kong or China”.
You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing original actions in the PRC based on U.S. or other foreign laws against us, our management and some of the experts named in the annual reportreport. We are a company incorporated under the laws of China, and substantially all of our assets are located in China. In addition, most of our directors, supervisors, executive officers and some of the experts named in this annual report reside within China, and substantially all of the assets of these persons are located within China. As a result, it may not be possible to effect service of process within the United States or elsewhere outside China
upon our directors, supervisors or executive officers or some of the experts named in this annual report, including with respect to matters arising under U.S. federal securities laws or applicable state securities laws. Moreover, ourOur Chinese counsel,
24
King & Wood, has advised us that China does not have treaties providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts with the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan or many other countries. Our Hong Kong legal adviser, Latham & Watkins, has also advised us that Hong Kong has no statutory arrangement for the reciprocal enforcement of judgments with the United States although it may be possible for a civil action to be brought in Hong Kong based on a monetary judgment of the courts of the United States. As a result, recognition and enforcement in China or Hong Kong of judgments of a court in the United States and any of the other jurisdictions mentioned above in relation to any matter may be difficult or impossible. Furthermore, an original action may be brought in the PRC against us, our directors, supervisors, executive officers or the experts named in this annual report only if the actions are not required to be arbitrated by PRC law and our articles of association, and only if the facts alleged in the complaint give rise to a cause of action under PRC law. In connection with any such original action, a PRC court may award civil liability, including monetary damages.
Holders of H shares may be subject to PRC taxationtaxation. Under current PRC tax laws, regulations and rulings, dividends paid by us to individual holders of H shares outside of the PRC are exempt from PRC income tax. When paying dividends for the year of 2008 and each year thereafter to non-resident enterprise holders of H shares outside of the PRC, such dividends are subject to a dividend withholding tax, which is currently levied at a rate of 10%. Such non-resident enterprise holders of H shares may be entitled to tax reductions or exemptions according to relevant tax treaties. In addition, gains realized by individuals upon the sale or other disposition of H shares currently are exempt from PRC income tax. If the exemptions are withdrawn in the future, individual holders of H shares may be required to pay capital gains tax. See “Item 10. Additional Information—Taxation—The People’s Republic of China”.
Government control of currency conversion and the fluctuation of the Renminbi may materially and adversely affect our operations and financial resultsresults. We receive substantially all of our revenues in Renminbi, which currently is not a freely convertible currency. A portion of these revenues must be converted into other currencies to allow us to make payments on declared dividends, if any, on our H shares.
Under China’s existing foreign exchange regulations, we are able to pay dividends in foreign currencies without prior approval from the SAFE by complying with various procedural requirements. The Chinese government, however, may, at its discretion, restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If this were to occur, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our shareholders, including holders of our ADSs.
The value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other currencies fluctuates and is affected by, among other things, changes in China’s political and economic conditions. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government introduced a managed floating exchange rate system to allow the value of the Renminbi to fluctuate within a regulated band based on market supply and demand and by reference to a basket of currencies.
On the same day, the value of the Renminbi appreciated by 2.0% against the U.S. dollar. Since then, the PRC government has made, and may in the future make, further adjustments to the exchange rate system. The PBOC announces the closing price of a foreign currency traded against the Renminbi in the inter-bank foreign exchange market after the closing of the market on each working day, and makes it the central parity for the trading against the Renminbi on the following working day. From July 21, 2005 to April
27, 2009,23, 2010, the Renminbi has appreciated by approximately
18.82%18.8%. We had approximately
RMB907RMB 28 million (US$
1334 million) foreign exchange losses for the year ended December 31,
2008,2009, resulting from our assets held in foreign currencies, which were affected by the appreciation of the Renminbi. Any
future devaluation of the Renminbi
on the other hand, may materially and
adversely affect the value of, and any dividends payable on, our H shares in foreign currency terms, since we will receive substantially all of our revenues, and express our profits, in Renminbi.terms. Our financial condition and results of operations also may be affected by changes in the value of certain currencies other than the Renminbi.
25
Payment of dividends is subject to restrictions under Chinese lawlaw. Under Chinese law, dividends may be paid only out of distributable profits. Distributable profits generally means our after-tax profits as determined under PRC GAAP,
or HKFRS, whichever is lower, less any recovery of accumulated losses and allocations to statutory funds that we are required to make, subject to further regulatory restrictions.
There is no difference in the amount of our after-tax profits in 2009 calculated under PRC GAAP or IFRS. Any distributable profits that are not distributed in a given year are retained and available for distribution in subsequent years. However, ordinarily we will not pay any dividends in a year in which we do not have any distributable profits.
The calculation of distributable profits for an insurance company under PRC GAAP differs in some respects from the calculation under HKFRS. As a result, we may not be able to pay any dividend in a given year if we do not have distributable profits as determined under PRC GAAP, even if we have profits for that year as determined under HKFRS. A strengthening in the statutory reserve requirements applicable to life insurance companies operating in China, which came into effect on December 31, 2003, led to a one-time adjustment to our PRC GAAP earnings in 2003.
Payment of dividends by us is also regulated by the PRC insurance law. See “Item 8. Financial Information—Consolidated Financial Statements and Other Financial Information—Policy on Dividend Distributions”.
The implementation of new accounting standard may affect our financial statements of the year 2009 and thereafter
On August 7, 2008, the Ministry of Finance issued the No.2 Interpretation of Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises, which requires dual-listed companies to recognize, measure and report the same items with the same accounting policies and estimates unless exempted in the interpretation. According to the Notification on the Implementation of the No.2 Interpretation of Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises during 2008 Annual Report Preparation, issued by the Ministry of Finance on December 26, 2008, and the No.48 [2008] Announcement issued by the CSRC on December 28, 2008, listed companies that issued both A shares and H shares were required to take steps to remove the differences under different accounting standards and make appropriate disclosures in their 2008 annual reports. On January 5, 2009, the CIRC issued the Notification on the Implementation of the No.2 Interpretation of Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises in the Insurance Sector. According to this notification, when insurance companies prepare their 2009 financial reports, the accounting policies that cause differences in A share and H share financial reports will be modified. The implementation standard will be issued later. We are waiting for the implementation standards to evaluate the effect of the No.2 Interpretation of Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises. The full implementation of the No. 2 Interpretation of Accounting Standard of Business Enterprises may bring uncertainties to the reporting of our financial statements of the year 2009 and thereafter.
| | |
| ITEM 4. | | INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY.COMPANY |
A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY We were formed as a joint stock company pursuant to the PRC company law on June 30, 2003 under the corporate name of
in connection with the restructuring.
Our principal executive offices are located at 16
Chaowai Avenue, ChaoyangFinancial Street, Xicheng District, Beijing
100020,100033, China. Our telephone number is (86-10)
8565-9999.6363-3333. Our website address is www.e-chinalife.com. The information on our website is not a part of this annual report. We have appointed CT Corporation System at 111 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York 10011 as our agent for service of process in the United States.
Upon the approval of the State Council and the CIRC, we were formed on June 30, 2003 as a joint stock company in connection with the restructuring by CLIC, our sole owner. The restructuring was effected through a plan of restructuring, which was approved by the CIRC on August 21, 2003, and a restructuring agreement we entered into with CLIC on September 30, 2003, with retroactive effect to June 30, 2003, which we refer to in this annual report as the effective date. Pursuant to PRC law and the restructuring agreement, we enjoyed the rights and benefits and assumed the obligations and liabilities arising from the restructuring from and after the effective date.
In connection with the restructuring:
CLIC transferred to us (1) all long-term insurance policies (policies having a term of more than one year from the date of issuance) issued on or after June 10, 1999, having policy terms approved by or filed with the CIRC on or after June 10, 1999 and either (i) recorded as a long-term insurance policy as of June 30, 2003 in a database attached to the restructuring agreement as an annex or (ii) having policy terms for group supplemental medical insurance (fund type), (2) stand-alone short-term policies (policies having a term of one year or less from the date of issuance) issued on or after June 10, 1999 and (3) all riders supplemental to the policies described in clauses (1) and (2) above, together with the applicable reinsurance contracts specified in an annex to the restructuring agreement. We refer to these policies in this annual report as the “transferred policies”. All other insurance policies were retained by CLIC. We refer to these policies as the “non-transferred policies”. We assumed all obligations and liabilities of CLIC under the transferred policies. CLIC continues to be responsible for its liabilities and obligations under the non-transferred policies following the effective date.
Cash, specified investment assets and various other assets were also transferred to us.26
CLIC agreed not to, directly or indirectly through its subsidiaries and affiliates, participate, operate or engage in life, accident and health insurance businesses and any other business in China which may compete with our insurance business. CLIC also undertook (1) to refer to us any corporate business opportunity that falls within our business scope and which may directly or indirectly compete with our business and (2) to grant us a right of first refusal, on the same terms and conditions, to purchase any new business developed by CLIC. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions—Non-Competition Agreement”.
| • | | Cash, specified investment assets and various other assets were also transferred to us. |
|
| • | | CLIC agreed not to, directly or indirectly through its subsidiaries and affiliates, participate, operate or engage in life, accident and health insurance businesses and any other business in China which may compete with our insurance business. CLIC also undertook (1) to refer to us any corporate business opportunity that falls within our business scope and which may directly or indirectly compete with our business and (2) to grant us a right of first refusal, on the same terms and conditions, to purchase any new business developed by CLIC. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions—Continuing Related Party Transactions with CLIC”. |
|
| • | | Substantially all of the management personnel and employees who were employed by CLIC in connection with the transferred assets and business were transferred to us. Some management and personnel remained with CLIC. |
|
| • | | CLIC retained the trademarks used in our business, including the “China Life” name in English and Chinese and the “ball” logos, and granted us and our branches a royalty-free license to use these trademarks. CLIC and its subsidiaries and affiliates will be entitled to use these trademarks, but CLIC may not license or transfer these trademarks to any other third parties. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions—Continuing Related Party Transactions with CLIC”. |
|
| • | | CLIC’s contracts with its agents and other intermediaries were transferred to us. |
|
| • | | We entered into various agreements under which we provide policy administration services to CLIC for the non-transferred policies, manage CLIC’s investment assets and lease office space from CLIC for our branch and field offices. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions”. |
Substantially all of the management personnel and employees who were employed by CLIC in connection with the transferred assets and business were transferred to us. Some management and personnel remained with CLIC.
CLIC retained the trademarks used in our business, including the “China Life” name in English and Chinese and the “ball” logos, and granted us and our branches a royalty-free license to use these trademarks. CLIC and its subsidiaries and affiliates will be entitled to use these trademarks, but CLIC may not license or transfer these trademarks to any other third parties. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions—Trademark License Agreement”.
CLIC’s contracts with its agents and other intermediaries were transferred to us.
We entered into various agreements under which we provide policy administration services to CLIC for the non-transferred policies, manage CLIC’s investment assets and lease office space from CLIC for our branch and field offices. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions”.
In connection with the restructuring, CLIC has established, together with the MOF, a special purpose fund for the purpose of paying claims under the non-transferred policies. The special purpose fund will be funded by investment assets retained by CLIC; renewal premiums paid on the non-transferred policies over time; a portion of the tax payments made by CLIC, China Life and AMC under the tax rebate mechanism described below; profits from the investments of the special purpose fund; shareholder dividends paid in cash to CLIC by China
Life; proceeds from the disposition of China Life shares by CLIC over time; and funds injected by the MOF in the event of a deficiency in the special purpose fund, as described below. The special purpose fund is co-administered by CLIC and the MOF. The special purpose fund will be available to satisfy CLIC’s operating expenses, including the payment of benefits and claims obligations arising from the non-transferred policies, as well as expenses incurred in operating the special purpose fund, including third-party management fees and professional fees, and such other purposes as the management committee of the fund may agree. A management committee comprised of three representatives from the MOF and three representatives from CLIC oversees the management of the fund, with specified material items subject to the approval of the MOF. The special purpose fund will be dissolved when all claims and benefits under the non-transferred policies have been paid, or sooner if the management committee so agrees.
27
The MOF’s approval of the special purpose fund issued to CLIC provides that in the event there is any deficiency in the special purpose fund for so long as the fund is in existence as described above to meet any payment obligation arising out of the non-transferred policies, the MOF will provide support through the injection of funds to ensure the payments of benefits and claims to the policyholders of the non-transferred policies. We have been advised by our PRC legal counsel, King & Wood, that (1) the MOF has the authority to issue this approval regarding the special purpose fund, (2) the approval is valid and effective and (3) it has no reason to believe that the MOF will revoke the approval.
In accordance with generally applicable tax laws and regulations, CLIC, AMC and ourselves will file income tax returns and pay our respective income taxes as separate and independent taxpayers. According to a circular issued by the MOF, all of the income tax payments made by CLIC and us during the period of January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2010 will be rebated to CLIC. All of the income tax payments made by AMC may also be rebated to CLIC, if the current shareholding structure of AMC remains unchanged.
We have been advised by our PRC legal counsel, King & Wood, that following the restructuring we would not have any continuing obligations to holders of the non-transferred policies and that there is no legal basis on which holders of the non-transferred policies can make a claim against China Life. King & Wood based its conclusion on, among other things, the following factors: (1) after the restructuring, China Life was established as a separate legal entity and China Life’s assets and liabilities should be regarded as distinct and separate from those of CLIC; (2) there is no contractual relationship, direct or indirect, between the holders of the non-transferred policies and China Life; (3) the restructuring (including the transfer of the transferred policies to China Life) has been approved by the CIRC and has been conducted without infringing upon the rights of the holders of non-transferred policies; (4) the arrangements made under the restructuring agreement, in particular the MOF’s support as described above, are expected to enable CLIC to satisfy its obligations under the non-transferred policies; and (5) PRC regulatory authorities have no legal power to direct China Life to assume CLIC’s obligations under the non-transferred policies or to indemnify the holders of the non-transferred policies.
See “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Restructuring”.
Developments After Restructuring On November 23, 2003, we established an asset management joint venture, AMC, with
our predecessor, CLIC, in connection with the restructuring. AMC manages our investment assets and, separately, substantially all of those of CLIC. On December 30, 2006, we established a property and casualty joint venture, CLPCIC, with CLIC. On January 15, 2007, we established a pension insurance joint venture, China Life Pension, with CLIC and AMC.
In December 2003, we successfully completed our initial public offering of H shares, including H shares in the form of American depositary shares, or ADSs, and raised approximately RMB24,707RMB 24,707 million in aggregate net proceeds. Upon completion of our initial public offering, our H shares became listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and ADSs each representing 40 of our H shares became listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The ratio of ADSs to H shares was reduced from 40 H shares to 15 H shares on December 29, 2006.
28
In December 2006, we issued 1,500,000,000 new ordinary domestic shares through public offering on the SSE at the offering price of
RMB18.88RMB 18.88 per share, raising
RMB28,320RMB 28,320 million in aggregate gross proceeds. The A shares have been listed on the SSE since January 9, 2007.
Prior to the offering, CLIC held 19,323,530,000 ordinary domestic shares, or CLIC A shares, which have been registered with the China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation Limited as circulative A shares with restrictive trading following the A share offering. CLIC has undertaken that for a period of 36 months commencing on January 9, 2007 it will not transfer or put on trust the CLIC A shares held by it or allow such CLIC A shares to be repurchased by China Life. On January 11, 2010, 19,323,530,000 CLIC A shares were released from trading restrictions. Of this amount, 150,000,000 shares remain frozen in accordance with relevant Chinese regulations.
We incurred capital expenditures of
RMB2,127RMB 2,456 million (US$
312 360 million),
RMB1,910RMB 2,127 million and
RMB1,750RMB 1,910 million in
2009, 2008
2007 and
2006,2007, respectively. These capital expenditures mainly comprised
of the addition of properties and electronic equipment.
In 2006, we entered into agreements with other promoters to establish Bohai Venture Capital Fund where we committed to contribute RMB500 million to Bohai Venture Capital Fund and RMB5 million to Bohai Venture Capital Fund Management Company, of which RMB175 million was paid to the fund and the full amount of RMB5 million was paid to the fund management company as of December 31, 2008. The remaining RMB325 million will be paid when called. For a description of further investments made by us, see “—Business Overview—Investments.”
We had nearly
102115 million individual and group life insurance policies, annuity contracts and long-term health insurance policies in force as of December 31,
2008.2009. We also offer accident and short-term health insurance policies to individuals and groups. The guaranteed rate of return for life insurance products has been capped at 2.50% by the CIRC since June 1999. As of December 31,
2008,2009, the average guaranteed rate of return of the products we offered was
2.37%2.4%.
For the financial year ended December 31, 2009, our lapse rate was approximately 2.54%. The policy persistency rate, which measures the ratio of the insurance policies that are still effective after a certain period, was 93.66% for 14 months after issuance and 87.44% for 26 months after issuance.
Individual Life Insurance We are the leading provider of individual life insurance and annuity products in China. We offer life insurance and annuity products to individuals, primarily through a distribution force comprised of approximately
716,000777,000 exclusive agents operating in approximately
16,00019,000 field offices throughout China, as well as other non-dedicated agencies located at branch offices of banks, banking operations of post offices and other organizations. The financial results of our individual long-term health
and long-term accident insurance business are also reflected in our individual life insurance business segment. Gross written premiums
and policy fees generated by our individual life insurance products, including long-term health
and long-term accident insurance products, totaled
RMB121,452RMB 261,715 million (US$
17,80238,341 million) for the year ended December 31,
20082009 and
RMB98,484RMB 252,130 million for the year ended December 31,
2007,2008, constituting
89.7%94.8% and
88.0%94.9% of our total gross written premiums
and policy fees for those periods. The figure for
20082009 represented a
23.3% increase over 2007. First-year gross written premiums from individual life insurance products in 2008 were RMB32,099 million (US$4,705 million), representing a 26.0%3.8% increase from
2007. First-year single gross written premiums for the same period were RMB1,828 million (US$268 million), representing 5.7% of first-year individual life insurance gross written premiums. Deposits generated by our individual life insurance and annuity products totaled RMB155,163 million (US$22,743 million) for the year ended December 31, 2008 and RMB72,069 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, constituting 88.0% and 76.5% of our total deposits for those periods. The figure for 2008 represented a 115.3% increase from 2007.2008.
The following table sets forth selected financial and other data regarding our individual life insurance business as of the dates or for the periods indicated.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of or for the year ended | | | Annual | |
| | | December 31, | | | growth rate | |
| | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2009 | | | (2008-2009) | |
| | | RMB | | | RMB | | | US$ | | | | | |
| | | (in millions, except as otherwise indicated) | |
| Individual life gross written premiums | | | 252,130 | | | | 261,715 | | | | 38,341 | | | | 3.8 | % |
| Individual life liabilities of insurance contracts | | | 654,037 | | | | 808,591 | | | | 118,459 | | | | 23.6 | % |
| Individual life liabilities of investment contracts | | | 10,928 | | | | 14,579 | | | | 2,136 | | | | 33.4 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of or for the year ended
December 31, | | Compound
annual
growth rate | |
| | | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2008 | | (2006-2008) | |
| | | RMB | | RMB | | RMB | | US$ | | | |
| | | (in millions, except as otherwise indicated) | |
Individual life gross written premiums and policy fees | | 86,587 | | 98,484 | | 121,452 | | 17,802 | | 18.4 | % |
First-year single gross written premiums | | 1,175 | | 1,273 | | 1,828 | | 268 | | 24.7 | % |
First-year regular gross written premiums | | 21,484 | | 24,207 | | 30,271 | | 4,437 | | 18.7 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
First-year gross written premiums | | 22,659 | | 25,480 | | 32,099 | | 4,705 | | 19.0 | % |
Individual life insurance deposits | | 70,355 | | 72,069 | | 155,163 | | 22,743 | | 48.5 | % |
First-year single deposits | | 53,658 | | 56,644 | | 139,281 | | 20,415 | | 61.1 | % |
First-year regular deposits | | 2,902 | | 3,538 | | 5,115 | | 750 | | 32.8 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
First-year deposits | | 56,560 | | 60,182 | | 144,396 | | 21,165 | | 59.8 | % |
Liabilities of long-term traditional insurance contracts | | 170,954 | | 216,280 | | 272,265 | | 39,907 | | 26.2 | % |
Deferred income | | 40,744 | | 47,761 | | 73,857 | | 10,826 | | 34.6 | % |
Liabilities of long-term investment type insurance contracts and investment contracts | | 281,847 | | 283,520 | | 360,661 | | 52,863 | | 13.1 | % |
29
We offer a wide variety of life insurance and annuity products to individuals, providing a wide range of coverage for the whole length of a policyholder’s life. Our individual life insurance and annuity products consist
of whole life and term life insurance, endowment insurance and annuities. The financial results of our long-term health and long-term accident insurance business are also reflected in our individual life insurance business segment.
We offer both non-participating and participating products. There were approximately
63.7771.37 million non-participating policies and
38.7944.11 million participating policies as of December 31,
2008,2009, among which approximately
49.7152.63 million non-participating policies and
32.3037.94 million participating policies are offered to individuals.
Net premiums earned and policy fees of participating policies of individual life insurance products represent approximately 58.5% of total net premiums earned and policy fees for individual life insurance products in 2008. Non-participating products provide a fixed rate of return with a guaranteed benefit. We and CLIC have not incurred negative spread on these and other policies transferred to us in the restructuring, as the average investment returns we have been able to generate have been higher than their guaranteed rates. See “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—We
Are Exposedare exposed to
Changeschanges in
Interest Rates”interest rates”. The holder of a participating product is entitled to share a portion of our distributable earnings from participating products, as determined by us based on formulas prescribed by the CIRC. Under guidelines issued by the CIRC, the dividends must be no less than 70% of the distributable earnings from participating products.
The following table sets forth selected financial information regarding our individual life insurance and annuity products, including long-term health and
long-term accident products, for the periods indicated.
| | | | | | | | |
| | | For the year ended December 31, |
| | | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2008 |
| | | RMB | | RMB | | RMB | | US$ |
| | | (in millions) |
Whole life and term life insurance: | | | | | | | | |
Gross written premiums | | 28,257 | | 32,118 | | 35,702 | | 5,233 |
First-year gross written premiums | | 6,299 | | 5,532 | | 5,251 | | 770 |
Total single gross written premiums | | 38 | | 49 | | 61 | | 9 |
Endowment: | | | | | | | | |
Gross written premiums | | 43,582 | | 40,278 | | 45,816 | | 6,715 |
First-year gross written premiums | | 11,726 | | 7,057 | | 15,803 | | 2,316 |
Deposits | | 69,583 | | 70,331 | | 153,413 | | 22,486 |
First-year deposits | | 55,856 | | 58,551 | | 142,741 | | 20,922 |
Annuities: | | | | | | | | |
Gross written premiums | | 8,247 | | 19,024 | | 26,717 | | 3,916 |
First-year gross written premiums | | 4,634 | | 12,891 | | 11,045 | | 1,619 |
Deposits | | 772 | | 1,013 | | 1,011 | | 148 |
First-year deposits | | 704 | | 946 | | 916 | | 134 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the year ended December 31, | |
| | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2009 | |
| | | RMB | | | RMB | | | US$ | |
| | | (in millions) | |
Gross written premiums | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Whole life and term life insurance | | | 35,729 | | | | 38,665 | | | | 5,664 | |
| Endowment | | | 188,099 | | | | 184,841 | | | | 27,079 | |
| Annuities | | | 28,302 | | | | 38,209 | | | | 5,598 | |
Whole Life and Term Life Insurance
Non-participating whole life and term life insurance We offer non-participating whole life and term life insurance products.
Non-participating whole life insurance products provide a guaranteed benefit, pre-determined by the contract, upon the death of the insured, in return for the periodic payment of fixed premiums over a pre-determined period. Premium payments may be required for the length of the contract period, to a specified age or for a specified period, and are typically level throughout the period.
The guaranteed rate of return in China for non-participating whole life insurance products has been capped at 2.50% by the CIRC since June 1999. We believe that the insurance market will continue to move away from non-participating whole life insurance products to participating whole life insurance products.
30
Non-participating term life insurance products provide a guaranteed benefit upon the death of the insured within a specified time period in return for the periodic payment of fixed premiums. Specified coverage periods generally range from 5 to 20 years or expire at specified ages. Death benefits may be level over the period or increasing. Premiums are typically at a level amount for the coverage period. Term life insurance products are sometimes referred to as pure protection products, in that there are normally little or no savings or investment elements. Unlike endowment products, term life insurance policies expire without value at the end of the coverage period if the insured person is still alive.
Participating whole life insurance We also offer participating whole life insurance products, which are traditional whole life insurance policies that also provide a participation feature in the form of dividends. The policyholder is entitled to share a portion of the distributable earnings from participating products, as determined by us based on formulas prescribed by the CIRC. Under guidelines issued by the CIRC, the dividends must be no less than 70% of the distributable earnings from participating products. Policyholders may receive dividends in cash or apply them to increase death benefits or cash values available upon surrender.
Non-participating endowment products Non-participating endowment products provide to the insured various guaranteed benefits if the insured survives specified maturity dates or periods stated in the policy, and provide to a beneficiary designated by the insured guaranteed benefits upon the death of the insured within the coverage period, in return for the periodic payment of premiums. Specified coverage periods generally range from 5 to 20 years or end at specified ages. Premiums are typically at a level amount for the coverage period.
Although non-participating endowment products have historically been among the most popular individual life insurance products in China, we believe that, as the prevailing permitted guaranteed rate in China remains capped at the current level of 2.50% as it has been for the past several years, the market has shifted away from these products in favor of participating endowment products.
Participating endowment products We also offer participating endowment products, which are endowment policies that also provide a participation feature in the form of dividends. Policyholders are entitled to share a portion of the distributable earnings from participating products, as determined by us based on formulas prescribed by the CIRC. Under guidelines issued by the CIRC, the dividends must be no less than 70% of the distributable earnings from participating products. Policyholders may receive dividends in cash or apply them to increase death benefits or cash values available upon surrender.
Participating endowment products are among our fastest growing product lines.
Hong Feng Endowment and Jincai Mingtian BHong Fu Endowment have generated the most income from our new business for investment-type and risk-type participating endowment products in 2008.2009. Hong Feng Endowment had RMB105,343RMB 59,229 million (US$15,4418,677 million) of depositsnet premiums in 2008,2009, representing 67.9%22.63% of total deposits of our individual life insurance business and 73.0% of total first-year depositsnet premiums of our individual life insurance business. First-year gross writtenHong Fu Endowment had RMB 54,919 million (US$8,046 million) of net premiums of Jincai Mingtian B Endowment for the year ended December 31, 2008 were approximately RMB8,426 million (US$1,235 million), or 26.3%in 2009, representing 20.98% of total first-year gross written premiums of our individual life insurance business. Total deposits from our individual participating products in 2008 increased by 116.3%, to RMB136,456 million (US$20,001 million) from RMB63,094 million in 2007. TotalThe net premiums earned from our risk-type participating endowment products increaseddecreased by 28.4%RMB 3,726 million, or 2.2%, to RMB60,305RMB 166,915 million (US$8,83924,453 million) in 20082009 from RMB46,974RMB 170,641 million in 2007.2008.
Annuities31
Annuities
Annuities are used for both asset accumulation and asset distribution needs. Annuitants make deposits or pay premiums into our accounts, and receive guaranteed level payments during the payoff period specified in the contracts. We offer both non-participating and participating annuities. For non-participating annuity products, risks associated with the investments are borne entirely by us. A significant portion of our non-participating annuity products imposes charges upon an early surrender or withdrawal of the contract.
Participating annuity products are annuities that provide a participation feature in the form of dividends. The dividends are determined by us in the same manner as our life insurance policies. Annuitants may receive dividends in cash or apply them to increase annuity benefits or reduce the premiums or deposits required to maintain the contract in force. Like non-participating annuities, a significant portion of our participating annuity products imposes charges upon an early surrender or withdrawal of the contract.
Joint
Universal Life and Universal ProductsJoint life products are life insurance policies, for which there are two or more persons insured under one policy. Joint life products can be term life, whole life or universal products.
Universal life products are life insurance policies with flexible premium and benefit amounts. For each universal life policy, we establish a separate account and determine the interest credit rate, mortality and expense charges specifically for such account. The benefits of universal life products are linked to the account value of each separate account.
We began the sale of
joint life and universal products in certain provinces on a trial basis since 2005. In
2008,2009, we sold universal products in most provinces of the PRC.
We have discontinued our sales on joint life products since January 1, 2009 because of unsatisfactory market response and sales performance.Marketing and Distribution We have historically sold most of our individual life insurance and annuity products to the mass market and will continue to actively serve this market. However, we believe our core individual customer base will evolve as China’s economy develops. We will seek to capitalize on the market opportunities in the growing affluent segment of China’s population by focusing our marketing efforts on individuals residing in urban and economically developed coastal areas of China, where disposable income is relatively higher and, we believe, demand for life insurance and annuity products is greater. In addition, we are implementing a new customer segmentation sales approach which targets individuals of various income and education levels with different products. Under this sales approach, individuals in different periods of their lives are marketed with different life insurance and annuity products, with these products in many cases supplemented by our individual accident and health products.
We distribute our individual life and annuity products nationwide through multiple channels. Our primary distribution system is comprised of approximately 716,000777,000 exclusive agents operating in approximately 16,00019,000 field offices throughout China. In addition, we are implementing our customer-oriented market segmentation sales initiatives to all exclusive agents nationwide. While continuing to invest in our exclusive agent force, we have also expanded into other distribution channels, primarily non-dedicated agencies located in approximately 94,00097,000 outlets of commercial banks, banking operations of post offices and savings cooperatives, to diversify our distribution channels and to achieve higher growth. See “—Distribution Channels”.
32
We are a leading group life insurance company in China, providing group life insurance and annuity products to the employees of many of China’s large companies and institutions, including many of the Fortune
Global 500 companies operating in China. We offer group life insurance and annuity products to the employees of companies and institutions through approximately 12,60012,700 direct sales representatives operating in more than 3,6002,700 branch offices as well as insurance agencies and insurance brokerage companies. The financial results of our group long-term health and long-term accident insurance business are also reflected in our group life insurance business segment. Gross written premiums and policy fees generated from our group life insurance and annuity products totaled RMB831RMB 190 million (US$12228 million) for the year ended December 31, 20082009 and RMB1,503RMB 340 million for the year ended December 31, 2007,2008, constituting 0.6%0.07% and 1.3%0.13% of our total gross written premiums and policy fees for each respective year. The figure for 20082009 represented a 44.7%44.1% decrease from 2007. First-year gross written premiums from group life products insurance for 2008 were RMB315 million (US$46 million), representing a 63.1%2008. This decrease from 2007. First-year single gross written premiums for 2008 were RMB306 million (US$45 million), representing 97.1% of first-year group life insurance gross written premiums. Deposits generated by our group life insurance and annuity products totaled RMB21,106 million (US$3,094 million) forwas primarily due to the year ended December 31, 2008 and RMB22,158 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, constituting 11.97% and 23.5%adjustment of our total deposits for those periods. The figure for 2008 represented a 4.7% decrease from 2007.
business development strategies to focus more on the development of risk-type insurance products and to reduce the proportion of group annuity products.
The following table sets forth selected financial and other data regarding our group life insurance business as of the dates or for the periods indicated.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of or for the year ended
December 31, | | Compound
annual
growth rate | |
| | | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2008 | | (2006-2008) | |
| | | RMB | | RMB | | RMB | | US$ | | | |
| | | (in millions, except as otherwise indicated) | |
Group life gross written premiums and policy fees | | 1,740 | | 1,503 | | 831 | | 122 | | (30.9 | )% |
First-year single gross written premiums | | 1,030 | | 705 | | 306 | | 45 | | (45.5 | )% |
First-year regular gross written premiums | | 85 | | 149 | | 9 | | 1 | | (67.5 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
First-year gross written premiums | | 1,115 | | 854 | | 315 | | 46 | | (46.8 | )% |
Group life insurance deposits | | 21,086 | | 22,158 | | 21,106 | | 3,094 | | 0.0 | % |
First-year single deposits | | 21,072 | | 22,061 | | 21,106 | | 3,094 | | 0.1 | % |
First-year regular deposits | | 6 | | 82 | | — | | — | | (100 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
First-year deposits | | 21,078 | | 22,143 | | 21,106 | | 3,094 | | 0.1 | % |
Liabilities of long-term traditional insurance contracts | | 1,921 | | 1,885 | | 1,209 | | 177 | | (20.7 | )% |
Deferred income | | 627 | | 547 | | 630 | | 92 | | 0.2 | % |
Liabilities of long-term investment-type insurance contracts and investment contracts | | 49,437 | | 52,370 | | 54,809 | | 8,034 | | 5.3 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of or for the year ended | | | Annual | |
| | | December 31, | | | growth rate | |
| | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2009 | | | (2008-2009) | |
| | | RMB | | | RMB | | | US$ | | | | | |
| | | (in millions, except as otherwise indicated) | |
| Group life gross written premiums | | | 340 | | | | 190 | | | | 28 | | | | (44.1 | %) |
| Group life liabilities of insurance contracts | | | 811 | | | | 632 | | | | 93 | | | | (22.1 | %) |
| Group life liabilities of investment contracts | | | 54,135 | | | | 52,747 | | | | 7,727 | | | | (2.6 | %) |
We offer group annuity products and group whole life and term life insurance products to enterprises and institutions. We bundle these products to serve as part of our group customers’ overall employee benefit plans. We also market each group product as an independent product. We believe we are the market leader in the development of group annuity products.
The following table sets forth selected financial information regarding our group life insurance and annuity products, including long-term health
and long-term accident products, for the periods indicated.
| | | | | | | | |
| | | For the year ended December 31, |
| | | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2008 |
| | | RMB | | RMB | | RMB | | US$ |
| | | (in millions) |
Group annuities: | | | | | | | | |
Premiums | | 232 | | 189 | | 25 | | 4 |
Deposits | | 18,411 | | 19,804 | | 17,419 | | 2,553 |
Group whole life and term life insurance: | | | | | | | | |
Premiums | | 912 | | 687 | | 299 | | 44 |
Deposits | | 169 | | 771 | | 1,594 | | 234 |
Endowment: | | | | | | | | |
Premiums | | — | | — | | — | | — |
Deposits | | 2,506 | | 1,583 | | 2,093 | | 307 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the year ended December 31, | |
| | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2009 | |
| | | RMB | | | RMB | | | US$ | |
| | | (in millions) | |
Gross written premiums: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Group annuities | | | 41 | | | | 18 | | | | 3 | |
| Group whole life and term life insurance | | | 299 | | | | 172 | | | | 25 | |
In our non-participating group annuities, interest on an annuitant’s deposits is credited to each participating employee’s personal account.
33
We also offer participating group annuities. In our participating group annuities, interest on an annuitant’s deposits is either credited to the participating employee’s personal account or credited to the participating employee’s personal account as well as the employer’s group account,
depending on the source of the deposits, calculated at a guaranteed interest rate set at the time the product is priced, subject to a cap fixed by the CIRC, which currently is 2.50%. The annuitant is entitled to share a portion of our distributable earnings derived from our participating products, as determined by us based on formulas prescribed by the CIRC, in excess of the rate we guarantee to participating employees.
Group participating annuity products, including Yong Tai Annuity Series, were our major product lines in 2008. Since September 2008, we no longer sell Yong Tai Annuity Series in Hunan, Fujian, Liaoning, Hebei, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Yunnan, Jiangxi and Henan because regulatory policies have encouraged us to develop our enterprise annuity business instead. Since April 2009, we completely terminated the sales of Yong Tai Annuity Series nationwide
.We do not believe that discontinuing sales of our Yong Tai Annuity Series will substantially affect our group insurance business substantively, however, because:our focus of the group insurance business is currently transitioning from long-term insurance to short-term insurance business;
the loyalty of our group clients is ensured with strengthened development of the enterprise annuity agency business; and
our group long-term insurance business is transitioning from return-type products to protection-type products, which would increase business embedded values remarkably.
For the year ended December 31, 2008, total combined deposits of Yong Tai Annuity Series were RMB14,032 million (US$2,057 million), constituting 66.5% of total deposits of our group life insurance business for that year, representing a 16.6% decrease from the year before.Total deposits from our group participating products in 2008 decreased by 13.3% to RMB17,424 million (US$2,554 million) from RMB20,087 million in 2007.
The following table sets forth total combined deposits of our Yong Tai Annuity Series products for the periods indicated.
| | | | | | | | |
| | | For the year ended December 31, |
| | | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2008 |
| | | RMB | | RMB | | RMB | | US$ |
| | | (in millions) |
Yong Tai Annuity Series: | | | | | | | | |
Deposits | | 15,432 | | 16,831 | | 14,032 | | 2,057 |
Group whole life and term life insurance
We offer group non-participating whole life insurance products and group non-participating term life insurance products. Our group whole life and term life insurance products insure against death and serious disabilities due to accidents and illness.
Marketing and distribution We target our group life insurance and annuity products to large institutional customers in China, including branches of foreign companies, which we believe have a greater awareness of and need for group life insurance and annuity products. We have long-term customer relationships with many of China’s largest companies and institutions. We provide large group customers with products having flexible fee and dividend structures, as well as enhanced real-time customer service. While continuing to focus on large institutional clients, we also target
small-tosmall- to medium-sized companies in economically developed regions to supplement our growth and to increase our profits.
We market our group life insurance and annuity products primarily through our direct sales representatives. We also market our group life insurance and annuity products through commercial banks, banking operations of post offices, insurance agency companies and insurance brokerage companies. We believe our sales network has a geographic reach unparalleled by any other life insurance company in China, serving almost every county in China. See “—Distribution Channels”.
Accident and Health
We
are the leadingoffer a broad array of short-term insurance products, including short-term accident insurance and
a leadingshort-term health insurance
providerproducts, in China.
The following table sets forth selected financial and other data regarding our short-term accident insurance and short-term health insurance businesses as of the dates or for the periods indicated. The financial results of our long-term health insurance and long-term accident insurance businesses are reflected in our individual and group life insurance business segments, respectively. See “—Individual Life Insurance” and “—Group Life Insurance”.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of or for the year ended | | | Annual | |
| | | December 31, | | | growth rate | |
| | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2009 | | | (2008-2009) | |
| | | RMB | | | RMB | | | US$ | | | | | |
| | | (in millions, except as otherwise indicated) | |
| Short-term accident insurance premiums | | | 6,221 | | | | 7,076 | | | | 1,037 | | | | 13.7 | % |
| Short-term health insurance premiums | | | 6,965 | | | | 6,989 | | | | 1,024 | | | | 0.3 | % |
| Accident and health reserves for claims and claim adjustment expenses (gross) | | | 2,780 | | | | 2,944 | | | | 431 | | | | 5.9 | % |
| Accident and health insurance unearned premium reserves (gross) | | | 5,237 | | | | 5,997 | | | | 879 | | | | 14.5 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of or for the year ended
December 31, | | Compound
annual
growth rate | |
| | | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2008 | | (2006-2008) | |
| | | RMB | | RMB | | RMB | | US$ | | | |
| | | (in millions, except as otherwise indicated) | |
Short-term accident insurance premiums | | 5,148 | | 5,495 | | 6,153 | | 902 | | 9.3 | % |
Short-term health insurance premiums | | 5,942 | | 6,404 | | 6,889 | | 1,010 | | 7.7 | % |
Accident and health reserves for claims and claim adjustment expenses (gross) | | 2,498 | | 2,391 | | 2,629 | | 385 | | 2.6 | % |
Accident and health insurance unearned premium reserves (gross) | | 5,346 | | 5,728 | | 6,265 | | 918 | | 8.3 | % |
34
We are the leading accident insurance provider in China. Our short-term accident insurance gross written premiums totaled
RMB6,153RMB 7,076 million (US$
9021,037 million) for the year ended December 31,
20082009 and
RMB5,495RMB 6,221 million for the year ended December 31,
2007,2008, constituting
4.5%2.56% and
4.9%2.34% of our total gross written premiums
and policy fees for those periods.
We offer a broad array of accident insurance products to both individuals and groups.
Individual accident insurance Individual accident insurance products provide a benefit in the event of death or disability of the insured as a result of an accident, or a reimbursement of medical expenses to the insured in connection with an accident. Typically, a death benefit is paid if the insured dies as a result of the accident within 180 days of the accident, and a disability benefit is paid if the insured is disabled, with the benefit depending on the extent of the disability. If the insured receives medical treatment at a medical institution approved by us as a result of an accident, individual accident insurance products also may provide coverage for medical expenses. We offer a broad array of individual accident insurance products, such as insurance for students and infants against death and disability resulting from accidental injury and comprehensive coverage against accidental injury. We also offer products to individuals requiring special protection, such as accidental death and disability insurance for commercial air travel passengers and automobile passengers and drivers. The terms of individual accident insurance products range from a few hours to one year.
We offer a number of group accident insurance products and services to businesses, government agencies and other organizations of various sizes. We also offer group accident products targeted at specific industry groups, such as construction worker related accident insurance to construction companies, and law enforcement personnel accident insurance to various law enforcement agencies.
Marketing and distribution We market our individual accident insurance products through our direct sales force and our exclusive agent sales force, as well as intermediaries, such as non-dedicated agencies located at outlets of commercial banks, banking operations of post offices, savings cooperatives, travel agencies, hotels and airline sales counters and insurance agency and insurance brokerage companies. We market our group accident insurance products primarily through our direct sales representatives and the same intermediaries we use to sell our individual accident products. See “—Distribution Channels”.
We use our individual and group product distribution channels to market our accident products either as primary products, as riders or as supplementary products packaged with our life, annuity or health products. Our direct sales representatives market our short-term individual healthaccident products to employees of our institutional customers.
35
Health insuranceWe are a leading health insurance provider in China.
We offer a broad array of short-term health insurance products and services to both individuals and groups, including disease-specific insurance, medical expense insurance and defined benefit insurance. Our short-term health insurance gross written premiums totaled
RMB6,889RMB 6,989 million (US$
1,0101,024 million) for the year ended December 31,
20082009 and
RMB6,404RMB 6,965 million for the year ended December 31,
2007,2008, constituting
5.1%2.53% and
5.7%2.62% of our total gross written premiums
and policy fees for those periods. The figure for
20082009 represented a
7.6%0.3% increase from
2007.2008.
Our health insurance business shares our nationwide life insurance sales force and distribution network of exclusive agents. Our policy review and claim adjustment processes are facilitated through a team of supporting personnel with medical training.
We offer short-term health insurance products to both individuals and groups. We classify our health insurance products as short-term products, having policy terms of less than or up to one year, and long-term products, having policy terms longer than one year. We offer both short-term and long-term defined health benefit plans, medical expense reimbursement plans and disease-specific plans to individuals and groups.
Defined health benefit plans These plans provide a fixed payment based on the number of days of hospitalization for specific diseases or surgical operation. Policyholders either pay premiums in a single payment or on a periodic basis.
Medical expense reimbursement plans These plans provide for the reimbursement of a portion of the participant’s outpatient or hospitalization treatment fees and expenses. Policyholders either pay premiums in a single payment or on a periodic basis or, for certain group medical expense reimbursement plans, irregularly as determined by the policyholder.
These plans provide a fixed payment benefit for various diseases. Premium payments for disease-specific plans are paid either in a single payment or on a periodic basis.
Marketing and distribution We offer our health insurance products to both individuals and groups through the same distribution channels we use to market our life insurance products. We market our individual health insurance products through our exclusive agent sales force. We market our
individual short-term health insurance products and group health insurance products primarily through our direct sales representatives. See “—Distribution Channels”.
We use our individual and group product distribution channels to market our health products either as primary products, as riders or as supplementary products packaged with our life, annuity or accident insurance products. We conduct extensive health insurance related training programs for our direct sales representatives and our exclusive agents.
36
In
2008,2009, in line with our general development strategy, we developed and introduced
5840 new products, including 14 long-term insurance products consisting of
9eight life insurance products and
5six health insurance products;
4426 short-term insurance products consisting of
1711 accident insurance products,
2213 health insurance products and
5two life insurance products with a term of one year.
With respect to long-term insurance products,
following the revision of the definition of major disease, we
particularly developed and introduced,
(1) two traditional products: Kang Ning Term Life and Kang Ning Whole Life, through individual insurance distribution channels; (2) the first long-term care insurance product, China Life Kang Xin long-term care insurance product; (3) participating products of An Xiang Yi Sheng and Zhi Li Ren Sheng through commercial banks; (4) the first group universal insurance product, Wen Jian Yi Sheng groupannuity insurance product, through group insurance channels; and (5) our first telephone sales product combination: Hong Kang participating endowment insurance and Hong Kang supplemental major disease insurance, through new distribution channels.
among others:
| • | | for individual insurance distribution channels, the upgraded and modified Kang Ning Whole Life and Kang Ning Term Life products. Three types of products — Kang Ning Whole Life Major Disease Insurance, Kang Ning Term Life Major Disease Insurance and Kang Ning Supplemental Endowment Insurance — expand the coverage and increase the level of protection. The Fu Lu Participating series, such as Fu Lu Shuang Xi Participating Endowment and Fu Lu Zun Xiang Participating Endowment, enhances the product’s wealth management and protective function. A new generation children participating product, Fu Xing Children Participating Endowment, improves the product’s protective function. In addition, we also developed our first adjustable participating endowment product, Fu Rui Participating Life Endowment, to satisfy the needs of a particular group of customers; |
|
| • | | the Hong Ying Participating Endowment product, to be marketed through commercial banks, which extends the insurance and payment period and satisfies the broad insurance needs of consumers; |
|
| • | | our first group whole life major disease insurance product, Kang Zhong Whole Life Major Disease Insurance, to be marketed through group insurance channels; and |
|
| • | | the Hong Kang Participating Endowment (Class A) and Hong Kang Supplemental Major Disease Prepayment Insurance (Class A), to be marketed through telephone sales. |
With respect to short-term insurance products, we
particularly introduced
7a series of supplemental rural
micro-insurance, Supplemental Rural Accident Compensation Group Medical Micro-insurance, Supplemental Rural Transportation Accident Compensation Medical Micro-insurance and Supplemental Rural Accident Compensation Medical Micro-insurance, to meet the insurance
products with smaller amounts. After the Wen Chuan earthquake which took place on May 12, 2008, we promptly introduced 2 accident and injury insurance products covering liability insurances for 6 major natural disasters, including earthquakes.We also strengthened the perfectionneeds of the product development mechanism, clarified the process detailslarge number of people in rural areas. Based on existing transportation-type products, we developed a series of Tong Tai transportation accident products: Tong Tai Transportation Accident Insurance (Class A), Tong Tai Transportation Accident Insurance (Class B), Tong Tai Supplemental Transportation Accident Compensation Medical Insurance and time requirement through the set-up of new product development process, which improved the efficiency and shortened the time required for product development.
Tong Tai Supplemental Transportation Accident In-Patient Fixed Payment Medical Insurance.
Distribution ChannelsIn connection with our restructuring, CLIC transferred its entire distribution force to us. After giving effect to our restructuring, we
We believe we have the largest distribution force with the most extensive geographic reach compared with any of our competitors. With the opening of our Tibet branch in May 2007, ourOur distribution network reaches almost every county in China. Throughout China, we have approximately 716,000777,000 exclusive agents operating in approximately 16,00019,000 field offices for our individual products and more than 12,60012,700 direct sales representatives in more than 3,6002,700 branch offices for group products. We have a multi-channel distribution network selling individual and group insurance products through intermediaries, primarily non-dedicated agencies located in approximately 94,00097,000 outlets of commercial banks, banking operations of post offices and savings cooperatives as of the end of December 2008, a slight2009, which was an increase from 2007.2008. This increase was because in 2008, we further improved the growth strategy and sales management of the bancassurance sales team, continuedstrengthened our cooperation with the four state-owned commercialnon-state-owned banks and banking operations of post offices, increased the level of cooperation with medium and small commercial banks and improved the management of the bancassurance sales outlets.foreign banks. Commission rates vary by product, based on such factors as the payment terms and period over which the premiums are paid for the product, as well as CIRC regulations. We support our agents and representatives through training programs, sales materials and information technology systems.
37
Our exclusive agent force of approximately
716,000777,000 agents, including those who are not qualified, is the primary distribution channel for our individual life, health and accident insurance products.
The following table sets forth information relating to our exclusive agent force as of the dates indicated.
| | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, |
| | | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2008 |
Number of exclusive agents (approximately) | | 650,000 | | 638,000 | | 716,000 |
Number of field offices | | 15,000 | | 15,500 | | 16,813 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, | |
| | | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | |
| Number of exclusive agents (approximately) | | | 638,000 | | | | 716,000 | | | | 777,000 | |
| Number of field offices | | | 15,500 | | | | 16,813 | | | | 19,000 | |
Our exclusive agent force is among our most valuable assets, allowing us to more effectively control our distribution and build and maintain long-term relationships with our individual customers. The number of our exclusive agents increased from
638,000 as of the end of 2007 to 716,000 as of the end of
2008.2008 to 777,000 as of the end of 2009. This increase was due to our
heightened attention to sales team formation, factoring in the numberimproved hiring and training process and increased retention rate of
agents with CIRC qualifications in the evaluation of individual insurance channels of branches, and strengthened tracking and supervision of execution of branches, therefore the number of qualified agents increased rapidly.our exclusive agents. We believe that our customers and prospective customers prefer the personal approach of our exclusive agents and, therefore, we believe our exclusive agent force will continue to serve as our core distribution channel.
From
Beginning in 2006, we also accelerated the development of a special sales force
services offered fortargeting “orphan policies” (policies which were serviced by
our former individual agents
but are no longer serviced by such agents afterwho have since left the
departure of such agents from our company)
and new business development. As of the end of 2007 and 2008, such sales force included approximately 34,000 and 50,458 exclusive agents respectively, which are included in the 638,000 and 716,000 exclusive agents.Under the PRC insurance law, as amended in 2002, an individual insurance agent for an insurance company is required to obtain a qualification certificate from the CIRC, as well as to register with, and obtain a business license from, the agent’s local bureau of the SAIC. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Regulatory and Related Matters—Regulation of Insurance Agencies, Insurance Brokers and Other Intermediaries”. It is our understanding that the SAIC does not have procedures in place to implement the registration and licensing of individual insurance agents, although some local bureaus of the SAIC have had on occasions required our agents to register. To date, this non-compliance has not had a material adverse effect on us. The PRC insurance law, as revised in February 2009 (effective October 1, 2009), has removed the dual requirement under the current PRC insurance law which requires individual insurance agents to receive qualification certificates issued by the CIRC and register with and obtain business licenses from the local bureaus of the SAIC. It only requires individual insurance agents to receive qualification certificates issued by the CIRC. For institutional insurance agents and insurance brokers, the 2009 PRC insurance law only requires them to register with the administration of industry and commerce, and obtain business licenses with the permits issued by the insurance regulatory bodies. It also requires part-time institutional insurance agencies to go through alteration registration with the administration of industry and commerce with the permits issued by the insurance regulatory bodies.
Individual insurance agents,
practitionersrepresentatives of insurance agencies and insurance brokers are required to obtain qualification certificates issued by
insurance regulatory authorities. In May 2004, the
CIRC. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Regulatory and Related Matters — Regulation of Insurance Agencies, Insurance Brokers and Other Intermediaries”. Under applicable CIRC
issued a circular requiring insurance companies to take effective measures in carrying out the qualification certification requirement. Furthermore, no insurance company may issue a company certificate to any person identifying that person as its sales representative, if the person does not have a CIRC qualification. Pursuant to the circular,regulations, we
are also required to take appropriate measures to improve both participationand members of our
agents taking the qualification examination and their success rate, and to report to the CIRC on a quarterly basis the percentage of our agents holding a CIRC qualification certificate. In April 2006, the CIRC issued regulations on administration of individual agents, effective on July 1, 2006, in order to further strengthen the administration of individual agents. Pursuant to these regulations, insurance companies thatmanagement may face sanctions if we retain individual agents without CIRC qualification certificates and underwriting certificates,
to engage in insurance sales activities will be warned and
fined up to RMB30,000 and the responsible member of senior management and the other responsible personnel of such insurance companies will be warned and fined up to RMB10,000. In serious circumstances, the CIRC may order the insurance companies to remove the responsible member of senior management and the other responsible personnel from office and reject the application of setting up branch offices by such insurance companies. If a substantial number of our policyholders who bought insurance policies through our unqualified agents
wereare allowed to cancel the policies,
under some circumstances. As of December 31, 2009, approximately 99.8% of our
business may be materially and adversely affected.individual agents had obtained such a certificate.
We supervise and provide training to our exclusive agents through more than 9,000 supervisors and more than
1,6001,800 full-time trainers. We set product management and customer service standards, and have developed risk warning and credit rating systems, which we require all of our field offices and agents to meet, and
apply, and conduct field tests with a view to ensuring quality. We also have an extensive training program.
We compensate our exclusive agent force through a system of commissions and bonuses to reward performance. Our agents are compensated based on a commission rate that generally decreases over the premium period. For short-term insurance products, our exclusive agents are generally compensated with fixed agent fees. We provide annuities, group commercial supplemental pension insurance, group life and medical insurance for our exclusive agents. We motivate our agents by rewarding them with performance-based bonuses and by organizing sales-related competitions among different field offices and sales units. We also try to increase the loyalty of our exclusive agents through other methods, such as through participation in sales conferences.
38
We believe we have the largest exclusive agent sales force in China. We intend to improve the quality and productivity of our individual exclusive agent force and reduce the attrition rate of our agents by taking the following actions:
improving the overall productivity of our exclusive agents by expanding our customer-oriented market segmentation sales approach and standardized sales services to all agents nationwide;
| • | | improving the overall productivity of our exclusive agents by expanding our customer-oriented market segmentation sales approach and standardized sales services to all agents nationwide; |
|
| • | | motivating our exclusive agents with an improved performance-based compensation scheme; |
|
| • | | building a more professional exclusive agent force by improving our training programs and enhancing our training efforts, such as the Chartered Insurance Agency Manager courses organized by the Life Insurance Marketing and Research Association, and increasing the number of qualified exclusive agents; |
|
| • | | improving the quality of our exclusive agent force by expanding our recruitment program and standardizing our recruitment procedures and admission requirements; and |
|
| • | | improving the efficiency of our exclusive agents by providing sales support and equipments, including expanding the China Life sales support system nationwide and equipping our more productive exclusive agents with personal electronic devices to further enhance their marketing, time management and customer service capabilities. |
motivating our exclusive agents with an improved performance-based compensation scheme;
building a more professional exclusive agent force by improving our training programs and enhancing our training efforts, such as the Chartered Insurance Agency Manager courses organized by the Life Insurance Marketing and Research Association, and increasing the number of qualified exclusive agents;
improving the quality of our exclusive agent force by expanding our recruitment program and standardizing our recruitment procedures and admission requirements; and
improving the efficiency of our exclusive agents by providing sales support and equipments, including expanding the China Life sales support system nationwide and equipping our more productive exclusive agents with personal electronic devices to further enhance their marketing, time management and customer service capabilities.
Direct sales force
Our direct sales force is our primary distribution system for our group life insurance and annuities, group accident insurance and group health insurance products, as well as our individual accident insurance and individual short-term health insurance products.
Our direct sales force of approximately
12,60012,700 direct sales representatives are
our full time employees and operate in more than
3,6002,700 branch offices across China.
We believe our sales network has a geographic reach unparalleled by any other life insurance company in China, serving almost every county in China.We believe our direct sales force allows us to more effectively control our distribution and build and maintain long-term relationships with our group customers and, therefore, will continue to serve as our primary distribution system for our group products. We believe maintaining our leading position in the group insurance market depends on a professional and qualified direct sales force, and we have devoted substantial resources to the training and supervision of our direct sales force in recent years. We set product management and customer service standards which we require all of our branch offices and direct sales representatives to meet, and conduct field tests to centralize quality control and management. We also have an extensive training program.
As full time employees, our direct sales representatives are compensated through fixed salaries. We motivate our direct sales representatives by rewarding them with performance-based bonuses and by organizing sales and services-related competitions among different branch offices and sales units.
39
We also offer individual and group products through intermediaries. Our distribution channels are primarily comprised of non-dedicated agencies located in approximately
94,00097,000 outlets of commercial banks, banking operations of post offices and savings cooperatives, as well as insurance agencies and insurance brokerage companies.
We have bancassurance arrangements with major banks, savings cooperatives and banking operations of post offices in China, and currently generate a significant portion of our total sales through bancassurance.
Bancassurance is a faststeady growing channel, and we will continue to dedicate substantial resources, through our bancassurance department, to develop our bancassurance business, with a focus on key cities. We have established strategic alliances with several banks. We intend to improve the attractiveness of our products by providing new products and all-around services tailored to each major bank and providing training and integrated systems support to our banking partners.
Other non-dedicated agencies In addition to bancassurance, we also sell short-term insurance products through other non-dedicated agencies. Currently, we have non-dedicated agencies operating at outlets of travel agencies, hotels and airline sales counters. We expect non-dedicated agencies to become an increasingly important distribution channel for individual products.
We also market group products through dedicated insurance agencies and insurance brokerage companies. Dedicated insurance agencies and insurance brokerage companies work with companies primarily to select group insurance providers and group products and services in return for commission fees.
Currently, the market of dedicated insurance agencies and insurance brokerage companies in China remains generally underdeveloped. We expect
that the dedicated insurance agencies and insurance brokerage companies
towill not generally become effective distribution channels in the
medium term.near future.
Our nearest competitors are Ping An and China Pacific Life.
In the individual life insurance market, Ping An, China Pacific Life and we collectively represented 64% of total individual life insurance premiums in 2007. We primarily compete based on the nationwide reach of our sales network and the level of services we provide, as well as our strong brand name.
| • | | In the individual life insurance market, Ping An, China Pacific Life and we collectively represented 65% of total individual life insurance premiums in 2008. We primarily compete based on the nationwide reach of our sales network and the level of services we provide, as well as our strong brand name. |
|
| • | | In the group life insurance market, Ping An, China Pacific Life and we collectively represented 63% of total group life insurance premiums in 2008. We primarily compete based on the nationwide reach of our sales network and the level of services we provide, as well as our relationships and reputation among large companies and institutions in China. |
In the group life insurance market, Ping An, China Pacific Life and we collectively represented 73% of total group life insurance premiums in 2007. We primarily compete based on the nationwide reach of our sales network and the services we provide, as well as our relationships and reputation among large companies and institutions in China.
In the accident insurance market, Ping An, China Pacific Life and we collectively represented 81% of total accident premiums in 2007. We primarily compete based on the nationwide reach of our sales network and the services we provide and our strong brand name, as well as our cooperative arrangements with other companies and institutions.
In the health insurance market, Ping An, China Pacific Life and we collectively represented 68% of total health premiums in 2007. We primarily compete based on the nationwide reach of our sales network, the services we provide, our multi-layered managed care scheme and systems of policy review and claim management, as well as our strong brand name.40
| • | | In the accident insurance market, Ping An, China Pacific Life and we collectively represented 80% of total accident premiums in 2008. We primarily compete based on the nationwide reach of our sales network and the level of services we provide and our strong brand name, as well as our cooperative arrangements with other companies and institutions. |
|
| • | | In the health insurance market, Ping An, China Pacific Life and we collectively represented 53% of total health premiums in 2008. We primarily compete based on the nationwide reach of our sales network, the level of services we provide, our multi-layered managed care scheme and systems of policy review and claim management, as well as our strong brand name. |
The following table sets forth market share information for the year ended December 31,
2007,2008, the most recent year for which official market information
for separate business segments is available, in all segments of the life insurance market in which we do business.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Individual
life
premiums
market share | | | Group life
premiums
market share | | | Accident
premiums
market share | | | Health
premiums
market share | | | Total
premiums
market share | |
China Life | | 40 | % | | 50 | % | | 48 | % | | 23 | % | | 40 | % |
Ping An Insurance Company of China, Ltd. | | 14 | % | | 12 | % | | 16 | % | | 39 | % | | 16 | % |
China Pacific Life Insurance Co. Ltd. | | 10 | % | | 11 | % | | 17 | % | | 6 | % | | 10 | % |
New China Life Insurance Co. Ltd. | | 7 | % | | 4 | % | | 3 | % | | 7 | % | | 6 | % |
Tai Kang Life Insurance Co. Ltd. | | 7 | % | | 9 | % | | 4 | % | | 4 | % | | 7 | % |
Others(1) | | 22 | % | | 14 | % | | 12 | % | | 11 | % | | 21 | % |
Total | | 100 | % | | 100 | % | | 100 | % | | 100 | % | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Individual | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | life | | | Group life | | | Accident | | | Health | | | Total | |
| | | premiums | | | premiums | | | premiums | | | premiums | | | premiums | |
| | | market share | | | market share | | | market share | | | market share | | | market share | |
China Life | | | 43 | % | | | 44 | % | | | 48 | % | | | 19 | % | | | 39 | % |
| Ping An Insurance Company of China, Ltd. | | | 13 | % | | | 9 | % | | | 15 | % | | | 28 | % | | | 13 | % |
| China Pacific Life Insurance Co. Ltd. | | | 9 | % | | | 10 | % | | | 17 | % | | | 6 | % | | | 9 | % |
| New China Life Insurance Co. Ltd. | | | 8 | % | | | 3 | % | | | 3 | % | | | 5 | % | | | 7 | % |
| Tai Kang Life Insurance Co. Ltd. | | | 8 | % | | | 13 | % | | | 3 | % | | | 3 | % | | | 8 | % |
Others(1) | | | 19 | % | | | 21 | % | | | 14 | % | | | 39 | % | | | 24 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total | | | 100 | % | | | 100 | % | | | 100 | % | | | 100 | % | | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| (1) | | Others include Taiping Life Insurance Co. Ltd., Minsheng Life Insurance Co., Ltd., Sino Life Insurance Co., Ltd., PICC Life Insurance Co., Ltd., PICC Health Insurance Co., Ltd., Hua Tai Life Insurance Co., Ltd., Union Life Insurance Co., Ltd., Greatwall Life Insurance Co., Ltd., Manulife-Sinochem Life Insurance Co. Ltd., Pacific-Antai Life Insurance Co. Ltd., AXA-Minmetals Assurance Co., Ltd., China CMG Life Insurance Co., Ltd., Citic-Prudential Life Insurance Co., Ltd., John Hancock-Tianan Life Insurance Co. Ltd., Generali China Life Insurance Co. Ltd., Sun Life Everbright Life Insurance Co. Ltd., ING Capital Life Insurance Co., Ltd., Haier New York Life Insurance Co., Ltd., Aviva-COFCO Life Insurance Co., Ltd., AEGON-CNOOC Life Insurance Co., Ltd., CIGNA and CMC Life Insurance Co., Ltd., Nissay-SVA Life, Insurance Co., Ltd., Heng An Standard Life Insurance Co., Ltd., Skandia-BSM Life Insurance Co., Ltd., Sino-US Metlife Insurance Co., Ltd. and Shanghai, Guangdong, Shenzhen, Beijing, Jiangsu, Dongguan and DongguanJiangmen branches of American International Assurance Co., Ltd., Cathay Life Insurance Co., Ltd., Met Life Insurance Co., Ltd., Allianz China Life Insurance Co., Ltd., Samsung Air China life Insurance Co., Ltd., China Life Insurance (Group) Company, Jiahe Life Insurance Co., Ltd., Reward Health Insurance Co., Ltd., Dragon Life Insurance Co., Ltd., Zhongxin Grand Oriental Person’s Life Insurance Co., Ltd., Taikang Life Insurance Co., Ltd., Kunlun Health Insurance Co., Ltd., Reward Insurance Co., Ltd., Huaxia Life Insurance Co., Ltd., Sinatag Life Insurance Co., Ltd., Yingda Taihe Life Insurance Co., Ltd., Happy Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and, Sino-French Life Insurance Co., Ltd., Sunshine Life Insurance Corporation Limited, Pingan Pension Co., Ltd., Pingan Health Insurance Co., Ltd. and Guohua Life Insurance Co., Ltd.. |
|
| Source: | | China Insurance Yearbook 2009 |
Source: China Insurance Yearbook 2008
We face competition not only from domestic life insurance companies, but also from non-life insurance companies and foreign-invested life insurers. The number of life insurance companies licensed in China has been growing steadily, which we believe will lead to greater competition in the life insurance industry. There were 4559 licensed life insurance companies in China as of December 31, 2006,2007, 64 as of December 31, 2008 and 59 as of December 31, 2007 and 64 as of December 31, 2008.2009. Property and casualty insurers were allowed to sell accident and short-term health insurance products with regulatory approval starting from January 2003, which we believe will lead to greater competition in the accident and health insurance sectors, especially in the group accident and group health insurance products. In addition, we believe that elimination of geographic limitations on foreign-invested insurance companies will further increase competition in China’s life insurance market.
See “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the PRC Life Insurance Industry—We expect competition in the Chinese insurance industry to increase, which may materially and adversely affect the growth of our business”.
41
We face competition from other financial services providers, primarily licensed mutual fund companies, commercial banks providing personal banking services and operating business of various financial products, trust companies and brokerage houses licensed to manage separate accounts. These financial services providers may be permitted to manage employer-sponsored defined contribution pension plans, which we believe will compete
directly with our group annuity products. We also face competition in the sale of our individual participating policies and annuities from financial institutions which offer investment products to the public.
Asset
Business Management BusinessOn November 23, 2003, we established an asset management joint venture, AMC, with our predecessor, CLIC, in connection with the restructuring for the purpose of operating the asset management business more professionally in a separate entity and to better attract and retain qualified investment management professionals. AMC manages our investment assets and, separately, substantially all of those of CLIC. For a description of our investment assets, see “—Investments”.
AMC is our subsidiary, with us owning 60% and CLIC owning the remaining 40%. Members of the board of directors are Miao Jianmin, Wan Feng, Zhuang Zuojin, Liu Jian, Liu Jiade, Liu Huimin, Shi Yucheng, Xia Bin and Yang Zheng. Directors of AMC are appointed by the shareholders in general meeting. Accordingly, we, as the controlling shareholder, effectively control the composition of its board of directors.
AMC obtained the qualification to serve as the investment manager for enterprise annuity funds on August 1, 2005.
On February 9, 2009, we entered into a capital injection agreement with CLIC and AMC, pursuant to which we injected RMB1,200 million (US$176 million) into AMC. Prior to the capital injection, the registered capital of AMC was RMB1,000 million (US$147 million) and upon completion of the capital injection, AMC’s registered capital increased to RMB3,000 million (US$440 million) and shareholding proportion between CLIC and us remains unchanged. On April 17, 2009, the capital injection was approved by the CIRC.
As of December 31, 2008, AMC had total assets of RMB2,139 million (US$314 million), net assets of RMB1,785 million (US$262 million) and net profit of RMB362 million (US$53 million).
Property and Casualty Business
We entered into a share subscription agreement on March 13, 2006 and a promoters agreement with CLIC on October 23, 2006 to establish a property and casualty company, CLPCIC, with us owning 40% and CLIC owning the remaining 60%. The property and casualty company obtained its business license on December 30, 2006. On May 23, 2008, we entered into a capital injection agreement with CLPCIC, pursuant to which we injected RMB1,200 million (US$176 million) into CLPCIC. Prior to the capital injection, the registered capital of CLPCIC was RMB1,000 million (US$147 million) and upon completion of the capital injection, CLPCIC’s registered capital increased to RMB4,000 million (US$586 million) and shareholding proportion between CLIC and us remains unchanged. On July 6, 2008, the capital injection was approved by the CIRC.
As of December 31, 2008, CLPCIC had total assets of RMB9,751 million (US$1,429 million), net assets of RMB2,923 million (US$428 million) and net losses of RMB825 million (US$121 million).
Pension Insurance Business
We entered into a promoters agreement with CLIC and AMC on March 21, 2006 to establish a pension insurance joint venture, China Life Pension. The pension insurance company obtained its business license on January 15, 2007, with us owning 55%, CLIC owning 25% and AMC owning the remaining 20%. China Life Pension obtained the qualification to serve as trustee and account manager of enterprise annuity fund on November 19, 2007. On May 7, 2008, we entered into a capital injection agreement with China Life Pension, pursuant to which we injected approximately RMB1,855 million (US$272 million) into China Life Pension. Prior to the capital injection, the registered capital of China Life Pension was RMB600 million (US$88 million). Upon
completion of the capital injection, China Life Pension’s registered capital increased to RMB2,500 million (US$366 million). China Life Pension is held as to 87.4%, 6.0%, 4.8% and 1.8% by us, CLIC, AMC and China Credit Trust Company Limited, respectively. On June 25, 2008, the capital injection was approved by the CIRC.
As of December 31, 2008, China Life Pension had total assets of RMB2,532 million (US$371 million), net assets of RMB2,427 million (US$356 million) and net losses of RMB115 million (US$17 million).
Customer Support Management We seek to provide quality services to our customers and potential customers and to be responsive to their needs, both before and after a sale, through an extensive customer support network. Our customer service network is managed by specialized customer service departments, which are responsible for setting uniform standards and procedures for providing policy-related services to customers, handling inquiries and complaints from customers and training customer services personnel.
We deliver customer services primarily through customer service units operating in our branch offices and in field offices throughout China and a sophisticated telephone call center network. We take advantage of alternative customer services channels, such as
cellphonecell phone messages and the Internet, complementing the customer services provided by our customer service units and the call center network. We also established a specialized customer service department in 2006 to further refine our customer services. The customer service department’s role is to provide service to our customers and supervise the quality of service provided by our customer service units.
We held the first and the second “China Life Customer Festival” in 2007 and 2008 respectively. We launched the “China Life 1+N” service brand in 2007 and further enriched its content in 2008.
We provide customer support through approximately 3,000 customer service units nationwide. We provide approximately 50 different types of policy-related services to our customers, which include collecting regular premiums, renewing policies, purchasing supplemental policies, reinstating lapsed policies, processing surrenders, increasing insured amounts, processing policy loans, paying benefits and updating information regarding holders and beneficiaries of policies. We require our customer service units to provide these policy-related services in accordance with procedures and standards that we implement on a nationwide basis, helping to ensure the quality of the services we provide. We implemented uniform service standards for customer service units nationwide in 2005.
Telephone call service center Our telephone call service centers allow customers to make product and service inquiries, file complaints, report claims and losses, make appointments and update the contact information regarding holders of policies. They also provide call-back and greeting message services to customers. We intend to broaden over time the services we offer through these call service centers. With our dedicated, nationwide inquiry line, “95519”, our customers can reach us on a “24 hours/7 days” basis.
We believe our call centers have become popular with our customers because of the quality of services
theywe provide. From 2004 to
2008,2009, for
fivesix consecutive years, we received the “Best Call Centers in China Award” from the Professional Committee for the Promotion and Alliance of Customer Relationship Management of Information under the Ministry of Information Industry. We have also obtained the authentication of Chinese national call center operating performance standards. During the
29th29th Olympic Games in 2008, our 95519 call center, was recommended to providewhich provided volunteer services for the Minnan dialect calls for the Olympic audience, andreceived highly positive comments. We werewas awarded the “Excellent Organization of Olympic Volunteers Award”. We will continue to ensure that we have a sufficient number of lines and staff to service the increasing use of our call centers.
42
We have established system-wide standards for our call centers, which we monitor periodically through test calls to the call centers and operation reports on the call centers.
CellphoneCell phone message servicesWe utilize wireless telephone services to make instant contact with our agents and customers. We may send short messages to our customers all over China, conveying such information as birthday and holiday greetings, premium payment notices and premium payment confirmations.
Our customers can also utilize our Internet-based services for inquiries, complaints and service requests through our website (www.e-chinalife.com).
Reserves
Supplementary services
To allow our customers to enjoy superior service and enhance their service experience, we provide several types of Long-term Traditionalsupplementary services while continue to provide quality basic insurance services.
In 2007, we launched for the first time the “China Life 1+N” service brand, which covers all areas of services we provide to our customers, including over 50 types of basic policy-related services and several types of supplementary services (including Health Good Helper, China Life Insurance
ContractsForInformation Hub, China Life Lecture Hall, China Life Preferential Value and Featured Customer Service Activities). We have also successfully held the “China Life Customer Festival” for three consecutive years.
Beginning in 2009, we were the first in the industry to issue the customer service card, China Life Crane Card, to all of our
product lines, we establish,customers nationwide. Cardholders will not only enjoy more convenient and
carry as liabilities, actuarially determined amounts that are calculated to meet our obligations under ourexpedited insurance
policies and annuity contracts.Financial statement reserves
In accordance with HKFRS, our reserves for financial reporting purposes are based on actuarially recognized methods for estimating future policy benefits and claims. We expect these reserve amounts, along with future premiums to be received on policies and contracts and investment earnings on these amounts, to be sufficient to meet our insurance policy and contract obligations.
We establish the liabilities for obligations for future policy benefits and claims based on assumptions that are uncertain when made. Our assumptions include assumptions for mortality, morbidity, persistency, expenses, and investment returns, as well as macroeconomic factors such as inflation. These assumptions may deviate from our actual experiences and, as a result, we cannot determine precisely the amounts which weservices, they will ultimately pay to settle these liabilities or when these payments will need to be made. These amounts may vary from the estimated amounts, particularly when those payments may not occur until well into the future. We evaluate our liabilities periodically, based on changes in the assumptions used to establish the liabilities, as well as our actual policy benefits and claims experience. We expect changes in our liabilities in the period the liabilities are established or re-estimated. To the extent that trends in actual claims results are less favorable than our underlying assumptions used in establishing these liabilities, and these trends are expected to continue in the future, we may be required to increase our liabilities. This increase could have a material adverse effect on our profitability and, if significant, our financial condition. Any material impairment in our solvency margin could change our customers’ or business partners’ perception of our financial health, which in turn could affect our sales, earnings and operations.
Statutory reserves
We are required under China’s insurance law to report policy reserves for regulatory purposes. The minimum levels of these reserves are based on methodologies and assumptions mandated by the CIRC. We also maintain assets in excess of policy reserves to meet the solvency requirements under CIRC regulations.
See “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—Differences in future actual claims results from the assumptions used in pricing and establishing reserves for our insurance and annuity products may materially and adversely affect our earnings”.
Business Management
enjoy many value-added services.
Our individual and group insurance underwriting involves the evaluation of applications for life, accident and health insurance products by a professional staff of underwriters and actuaries, who determine the type and the amount of risk that we are willing to accept. We have established qualification requirements and review procedures for our underwriting professionals. We employ detailed underwriting policies, guidelines and procedures designed to assist our underwriters to assess and quantify risks before issuing a policy to qualified applicants.
Our underwriters
We generally evaluate the risk characteristics of each prospective insured. Requests for coverage are reviewed on their merits, and
generally a policy is not issued unless the particular risk or group has been examined and approved for underwriting.
We have different authorization limits and procedures depending on the amount of the claim. We also have authorization limits for personnel depending on their level of qualifications.
43
In order to maintain high standards of underwriting quality and consistency, we engage in
a multilevel series of ongoingperiodic internal underwriting audits.
Individual and group product pricing reflects our insurance underwriting standards. Product pricing on insurance products is based on the expected payout of benefits, calculated through the use of assumptions for mortality, morbidity, persistency, expenses and investment returns, as well as certain macroeconomic factors such as inflation. Those assumptions include a margin for expected profitability and are based on our own experience and published data from other Chinese life insurance companies. For more information on regulation of insurance products, see “—Regulatory and Related Matters—Insurance Company Regulation”.
We primarily offer products denominated in RMB.
We manage the claims from policyholders through our claims verification staff at our headquarters and branch offices. Typically, upon receiving a claim, a staff person will verify if all materials supporting the claim have been submitted; if so, the claim and its materials will be forwarded to the liability department to confirm liability and to determine whether a
claimsclaim investigation is needed. Upon confirming the validity of the claim and insurance liability, the amount payable to the policyholder will be calculated, and the claim will be paid upon completion of the re-verification and approval procedure.
We manage claims management risk through organizational controls and computer systems controls. Our organizational controls include specific limits on authorization for branches at different levels; periodic case inspection and special inspections in particular situations by claims management bodies at all levels of our organization; expense mechanisms linking payout ratios of short-term insurance
policiespolicies; and expense ratios of branches. Except for some health insurance claims below a certain amount, verification of claims by two staff members is also required. We also
impose stringent requirements on the qualification and employment ofperiodically provide training to our claims verification
personnel.personnel and conduct appraisals of their performance. Our claims management is strictly processed with computers to streamline claims verification and handling.
We have entered into various reinsurance agreements with China Life Reinsurance Company Limited, or China Life Re, formerly known as China Reinsurance Company, for the reinsurance of individual risks and group risks. In general, individual risks are primarily reinsured either on a surplus basis, whereby we are reinsured for risks above a specified amount, or on a percentage basis. Under our reinsurance policy,
we cedethe specified amount above which the risks
over RMB1 million per person for lifeare reinsured varies among different types of insurance
RMB1 million per person for accident insurance and RMB0.3 million per person for health insurance.products. Our group risks are
primarilygenerally reinsured
either on a surplus basis or on a percentage basis. In general, our reinsurance agreements with China Life Re do not have a definite term, but may be terminated with respect to new business thereunder by either party on a date agreed by both parties with
a three to six months notice.
We have also entered into reinsurance agreements separately with the Beijing branch of Munich Reinsurance Company, the Beijing branch of Swiss Reinsurance Company Limited branch and the Shanghai branch of German Cologne Reinsurance Company Limited.
44
These reinsurance agreements spread the risk and reduce the effect on us of potential losses. Under the terms of the reinsurance agreements, the reinsurer agrees to assume liabilities for the insured, or ceded, amount in the event the claim is paid. However, we remain liable to our policyholders if the reinsurer fails to meet the obligations assumed by it.
We also accept external auditing of the reinsurance business by our reinsurers.
Reserves of Insurance Contracts
For all of our insurance contracts, we establish, and carry as liabilities, actuarially determined amounts that are calculated to meet our obligations to policyholders under our insurance contracts.
Financial statement reserves
Our reserves for financial reporting purposes are calculated based on the best estimated amounts required to be paid by the insurers to fulfill the relevant obligations under insurance contracts. We have considered margin and time value on the reserve calculation for insurance contracts. We expect these reserve amounts, along with future premiums to be received on insurance contracts and investment earnings on these amounts, to be sufficient to meet our obligations to policyholders under our insurance contracts.
We establish the liabilities to meet our obligations under our insurance contracts based on our best estimates of future payouts, premiums and relevant expenses. We have considered margin in the establishment of such liabilities. Our assumptions for calculating reserve amounts include assumptions for mortality, morbidity, lapse rate, expenses and discount rate. These assumptions may deviate from our actual experiences and, as a result, we cannot determine precisely the amounts which we will ultimately pay to settle these liabilities or when these payments will need to be made. These amounts may vary from the estimated amounts, particularly when those payments may not occur until well into the future. The discount rate assumption is affected by certain factors, such as further macro-economy, monetary and exchange rate policies, capital market results and availability of investment channels to invest our insurance funds. We review theses assumptions periodically, based on analysis of historical experiences and expectations of future developments. We evaluate our liabilities based on reviewed assumptions. To the extent that actual experiences deviate significantly from our assumptions used to establish these liabilities, and these deviations are expected to continue in the foreseeable future, we may be required to increase or decrease our liabilities. This increase or decrease could have a material effect on our profitability and, if significant, our financial condition.
Statutory reserves
We are required under China’s insurance law to report insurance reserves for regulatory purposes in the solvency reports. The minimum levels of these reserves are based on methodologies and assumptions mandated by the CIRC. We also maintain assets in excess of policy reserves to meet the solvency requirements under CIRC regulations.
See “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—Differences in future actual operating results from the assumptions used in pricing and establishing reserves for our insurance and annuity products may materially and adversely affect our earnings”.
Investments45
Investments
As of December 31,
2008,2009, we had
RMB937,403RMB 1,172,145 million (US$
137,399171,720 million) of investment assets. As
requiredprovided by China’s insurance laws and regulations, we
may invest insurance premiums
deposits and other funds we receive primarily in bank
term deposits,
and structured term deposits; fixed maturity securities, including government securities, bonds issued by state-owned policy banks of the Chinese government
bonds, Chinese government agency bonds, corporate bonds,
bonds issued by financial institutions, convertible bonds and certain subordinated bonds and
debts; loans;debt, other bonds and debt as approved by relevant government agencies, policy loans, Chinese securities investment funds,
primarily invested in equity securities issued by Chinese companies and traded on China’s securities exchanges;RMB-denominated common shares
of companies listed on
China’sPRC stock
markets, which are denominated and tradedexchanges, indirect investments in
Renminbi;infrastructure projects, equity interests of non-listed Chinese commercial
banks; debt financing instruments of non-financial enterprises such as local government bonds issuedbanks, repurchase and
cashed by the Ministry of Finance as an agent, domestic medium-term notes; unsecured bonds including bonds issued in Hong Kong by large state-owned enterprises and convertible bonds;resale agreements, overseas investments
in qualified term deposits and
debt securities; shares of Chinese companies listed on specified overseas stock exchanges; and indirect investment in domestic infrastructure projects. We also participate in bond repurchase activities through inter-bank repurchase markets and repurchase exchange markets. The Interim Measures for the Overseas Investment with Insurance Funds implemented in June 2007 further allowed the qualified insurance companies to make the following overseas investments: (1) products of currency market including commercial instruments, large-sum negotiable deposit certificates, repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements and currency market funds; (2) products with fixed proceeds including bank deposits, structured deposits, bonds, convertible bonds, bond funds, securities-featured products and credit-featured products; (3) equity products including stocks, stock-based funds, equity shares, equity-featured products; and (4) other investment channels as approved
under the PRC Insurance Law or by the State Council.
We understand that the detailed implementation rules to these interim measures are still being drafted by relevant regulatory bodies. We are prohibited from making other investments without the CIRC’s approval.We direct and monitor our investment activities through the application of investment guidelines. Our investment guidelines include: (1) performance goals for the investment fund; (2) specified asset allocations and investment scope based on regulatory provisions, level of indebtedness and market forecasts; (3) specified goals for investment duration and asset-liability matching requirements based on asset-liability matching strategies; (4) specified authorization levels required for approval of significant investment projects; and (5) specified risk management policies and prohibitions. The investment guidelines are reviewed and approved by the investment decision committee annually.
Investment proposals typically originate from our investment management department, which is in charge of all of our investment assets. Investment proposals are reviewed by our risk management department for risk assessment and submitted to the investment decision committee for final approval.
AMC, the asset management joint venture established by us and
our predecessor, CLIC, manages substantially all of our Renminbi investments following the restructuring and, separately, substantially all of the investments retained by CLIC. See “—Asset Management Business”.
In connection with the restructuring, CLIC transferred to us a portion of its investment assets and specified other assets, and retained the remaining investment and other assets. See “—History and Development of the Company” and “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions”.The following table summarizes information concerning our investment assets as of December 31, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2008.2009.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, | |
| | | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | |
| | | Carrying | | | % of | | | Carrying | | | % of | | | Carrying | | | % of | |
| | | value | | | total | | | value | | | total | | | value | | | total | |
| | | (RMB in millions, except as otherwise indicated) | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | | | 25,317 | | | | 3.0 | % | | | 34,085 | | | | 3.6 | % | | | 36,197 | | | | 3.1 | % |
| Term deposits (excluding structured deposits) | | | 164,248 | | | | 19.3 | % | | | 225,367 | | | | 24.0 | % | | | 344,710 | | | | 29.4 | % |
| Structured deposits | | | 4,346 | | | | 0.5 | % | | | 2,905 | | | | 0.3 | % | | | 273 | | | | 0.0 | % |
| Statutory deposits—restricted | | | 5,773 | | | | 0.7 | % | | | 6,153 | | | | 0.7 | % | | | 6,153 | | | | 0.5 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Debt securities, held-to-maturity | | | 195,703 | | | | 23.0 | % | | | 211,929 | | | | 22.6 | % | | | 235,099 | | | | 20.1 | % |
| Debt Securities, available-for-sale | | | 241,382 | | | | 28.4 | % | | | 356,220 | | | | 38.0 | % | | | 340,825 | | | | 29.1 | % |
| Debt securities, financial assets at fair value through income (held-for-trading) | | | 6,096 | | | | 0.7 | % | | | 7,736 | | | | 0.8 | % | | | 6,391 | | | | 0.5 | % |
Debt securities | | | 443,181 | | | | 52.1 | % | | | 575,885 | | | | 61.4 | % | | | 582,315 | | | | 49.7 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Loans | | | 7,144 | | | | 0.8 | % | | | 17,926 | | | | 1.9 | % | | | 23,081 | | | | 2.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Equity securities, available for sale | | | 176,133 | | | | 20.7 | % | | | 68,719 | | | | 7.3 | % | | | 176,674 | | | | 15.1 | % |
| Equity securities, financial assets at fair value through income (held-for-trading) | | | 19,014 | | | | 2.2 | % | | | 6,363 | | | | 0.7 | % | | | 2,742 | | | | 0.2 | % |
Equity securities | | | 195,147 | | | | 23.0 | % | | | 75,082 | | | | 8.0 | % | | | 179,416 | | | | 15.3 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Resale agreements | | | 5,053 | | | | 0.6 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Total investment assets | | | 850,209 | | | | 100 | % | | | 937,403 | | | | 100 | % | | | 1,172,145 | | | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Average cash and investment assets balance | | | 768,507 | | | | | | | | 893,806 | | | | | | | | 1,054,774 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, | |
| | | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | Carrying
value | | % of
total | | | Carrying
value | | % of
total | | | Carrying
value | | % of
total | |
| | | (RMB in millions, except as otherwise indicated) | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | 50,213 | | 7.3 | % | | 25,317 | | 3.0 | % | | 34,085 | | 3.6 | % |
Term deposits (excluding structured deposits) | | 170,830 | | 24.9 | % | | 164,248 | | 19.3 | % | | 225,367 | | 24.1 | % |
Structured deposits | | 4,646 | | 0.7 | % | | 4,346 | | 0.5 | % | | 2,905 | | 0.3 | % |
Statutory deposits—restricted | | 5,353 | | 0.8 | % | | 5,773 | | 0.7 | % | | 6,153 | | 0.7 | % |
| | | | | | |
Debt securities, held-to-maturity | | 176,559 | | 25.7 | % | | 195,703 | | 23.0 | % | | 211,929 | | 22.6 | % |
Debt Securities, available-for-sale | | 176,868 | | 25.8 | % | | 241,382 | | 28.4 | % | | 356,220 | | 38.0 | % |
Debt securities, financial assets at fair value through income (held-for-trading) | | 4,471 | | 0.6 | % | | 6,096 | | 0.7 | % | | 7,736 | | 0.8 | % |
Debt securities | | 357,898 | | 52.1 | % | | 443,181 | | 52.1 | % | | 575,885 | | 61.4 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans | | 2,371 | | 0.3 | % | | 7,144 | | 0.8 | % | | 17,926 | | 1.9 | % |
Equity securities, available for sale | | 62,595 | | 9.1 | % | | 176,133 | | 20.7 | % | | 68,719 | | 7.3 | % |
Equity securities, financial assets at fair value through income (held-for-trading) | | 32,898 | | 4.8 | % | | 19,014 | | 2.2 | % | | 6,363 | | 0.7 | % |
Equity securities | | 95,493 | | 13.9 | % | | 195,147 | | 23.0 | % | | 75,082 | | 8.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Resale agreements | | — | | — | | | 5,053 | | 0.6 | % | | — | | — | |
Total investment assets | | 686,804 | | 100 | % | | 850,209 | | 100 | % | | 937,403 | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average cash and investment assets balance | | 590,580 | | | | | 768,507 | | | | | 893,806 | | | |
46
Our primary investment objective is to pursue optimal investment yields while considering macroeconomic factors, risk control and regulatory requirements. We are exposed to five primary sources of investment risk:
interest rate risk, relating to the market price and cash flow variability associated with changes in interest rates;
| • | | interest rate risk, relating to the market price and cash flow variability associated with changes in interest rates; |
|
| • | | credit risk, relating to the uncertainty associated with the continued ability of a given obligor to make timely payments of principal and interest; |
|
| • | | market valuation risk, relating to the changes in market value for our investments, particularly our securities investment fund holdings and shares listed on the Chinese securities exchanges, which are denominated and traded in Renminbi; |
|
| • | | liquidity risk, relating to the lack of liquidity in many of the debt securities markets we invest in, due to contractual restrictions on transfer or the size of our investments in relation to the overall market; and |
|
| • | | currency exchange risk, relating to the impact of changes in the value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other currencies on the value of our investments. |
credit risk, relating to the uncertainty associated with the continued ability of a given obligor to make timely payments of principal and interest;
market valuation risk, relating to the changes in market value for our investments, particularly our securities investment fund holdings and shares listed on the Chinese securities exchanges, which are denominated and traded in Renminbi;
liquidity risk, relating to the lack of liquidity in many of the debt securities markets we invest in, due to contractual restrictions on transfer or the size of our investments in relation to the overall market; and
currency exchange risk, relating to the impact of changes in the value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other currencies on the value of our investments.
Our investment assets are principally comprised of fixed income securities and term deposits, and therefore changes in interest rates have a significant impact on the rate of our investment return. We manage interest rate risk through adjustments to our portfolio mix and terms, and by managing, to the extent possible, the average duration and maturity of our assets and liabilities. However, because of the general lack of long-term fixed income securities in the Chinese financial markets and the restrictions on the types of investments we may make, the duration of some of our assets is lower than our liabilities. We believe that with the development of China’s financial markets and the gradual easing of our investment restrictions, our ability to match our assets to our liabilities will improve. Chinese financial markets currently do not provide effective means for us to hedge our interest rate risk.
We believe we have
a relatively low credit risk, because we are limited in the types of investments we may make. We monitor our credit risk through in-house fundamental analysis of the Chinese economy and the underlying obligors and transaction structures.
We are subject to market valuation risk, particularly because of the relative lack of stability of China’s bond and stock markets. We manage valuation risk through industry and issuer diversification and asset allocation.
Since substantially all of our investments are made in China,
including term deposits with Chinese banks, debt securities, securities investment funds and shares listed on the Chinese securities exchange, which are denominated and traded in Renminbi, we are exposed to the effect of changes in the Chinese economy and other factors which affect the Chinese banking industry and securities markets.
We are also subject to market liquidity risk for many of the debt securities investments we make, due to the size of our investments in relation to the overall market. We manage liquidity risk through selection of liquid assets and through asset diversification. In addition, we view fundraising through repurchase agreements as a way of managing our short-term liquidity risk.
47
Our ability to manage our investment risks is limited by the investment restrictions placed on us and the lack of sophisticated investment vehicles in China’s capital markets. We understand that the CIRC is considering opening other investment channels to insurance companies. We will consider these alternative ways of investing once they become available to us.
Our assets held in foreign currencies are subject to foreign exchange risks resulting from the fluctuations of the value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other foreign currencies. We are seeking methods to reduce our foreign exchange risks.
Under China’s existing foreign exchange control regulations, the conversion of foreign currencies into the Renminbi requires approval of relevant government agencies. We obtained an approval to settle a portion of our assets held in foreign currencies into the Renminbi in 2005, which partially reduced the foreign exchange risks we are exposed to.
We didExcept the aforementioned approval obtained in 2005, we have not
obtainobtained any approval to settle any portion of our assets held in foreign currencies into the Renminbi
in 2006, 2007 and 2008 and there is no guarantee that we will be able to obtain any such approval in the future. If we do not obtain such approval, our ability to manage our foreign exchange risks may be limited. There are few financial products available in China to hedge foreign exchange risks, which substantially limits our ability to manage our foreign exchange risks.
As we are approved by the CIRC to invest our assets held in foreign currencies in overseas financial markets, the return from overseas investments could, to certain extent, reduce the foreign exchange risks we are exposed to.
For further information on our management of interest rate risk and market valuation risk, see “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk”.
Our
net investment yields for the years ended December 31,
2009 and 2008
2007were 5.78% and
2006 were 4.96%, 5.76% and 4.27%,3.48% respectively.
The following table sets forth the yields on average assets for each component of our investment portfolios for the periods indicated.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of or for the years ended December 31, | |
| | | 2008 | | | 2009 | |
| | | Yield(1) | | | Amount | | | Yield(1) | | | Amount | |
| | | (RMB in millions, except as otherwise indicated) | |
Cash, cash equivalents and term deposits: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Investment income | | | 4.9 | % | | | 11,378 | | | | 3.3 | % | | | 10,805 | |
| Ending assets: cash and cash equivalents | | | | | | | 34,085 | | | | | | | | 36,197 | |
| Ending assets: statutory deposits—restricted | | | | | | | 6,153 | | | | | | | | 6,153 | |
| Ending assets: term deposits | | | | | | | 228,272 | | | | | | | | 344,983 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Ending assets | | | | | | | 268,510 | | | | | | | | 387,333 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Debt securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Investment income | | | 4.5 | % | | | 22,690 | | | | 4.1 | % | | | 23,759 | |
| Net realized gains/(losses) | | | | | | | 2,445 | | | | | | | | 3,346 | |
| Net fair value gains/(losses) on assets at fair value through income | | | | | | | 300 | | | | | | | | (277 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total | | | | | | | 25,435 | | | | | | | | 26,828 | |
| Ending assets | | | | | | | 575,885 | | | | | | | | 582,315 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Investment income | | | 5.6 | % | | | 696 | | | | 5.7 | % | | | 1,172 | |
| Ending assets | | | | | | | 17,926 | | | | | | | | 23,081 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of or for the years ended December 31, | |
| | | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | Yield(1) | | | Amount | | | Yield(1) | | | Amount | | | Yield(1) | | | Amount | |
| | | (RMB in millions, except as otherwise indicated) | |
Cash, cash equivalents and term deposits: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment income | | 3.8 | % | | 8,207 | | | 4.2 | % | | 9,094 | | | 4.9 | % | | 11,378 | |
Ending assets: cash and cash equivalents | | | | | 50,213 | | | | | | 25,317 | | | | | | 34,085 | |
Ending assets: statutory deposits—restricted | | | | | 5,353 | | | | | | 5,773 | | | | | | 6,153 | |
Ending assets: term deposits | | | | | 175,476 | | | | | | 168,594 | | | | | | 228,272 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ending assets | | | | | 231,042 | | | | | | 199,684 | | | | | | 268,510 | |
Debt securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment income | | 4.0 | % | | 12,384 | | | 4.2 | % | | 16,678 | | | 4.5 | % | | 22,688 | |
Net realized gains/(losses) | | | | | (6 | ) | | | | | (4,271 | ) | | | | | 2,407 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | | 12,378 | | | | | | 12,407 | | | | | | 25,095 | |
Ending assets | | | | | 375,898 | | | | | | 443,181 | | | | | | 575,885 | |
Loans: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment income | | 4.8 | % | | 80 | | | 5.2 | % | | 248 | | | 5.6 | % | | 696 | |
Ending assets | | | | | 2,371 | | | | | | 7,144 | | | | | | 17,926 | |
Equity securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment income | | 9.3 | % | | 4,662 | | | 13.3 | % | | 19,400 | | | 7.5 | % | | 10,097 | |
Net realized gains/(losses) | | | | | 1,601 | | | | | | 19,656 | | | | | | (8,923 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | | 6,263 | | | | | | 39,056 | | | | | | 1,174 | |
Ending assets | | | | | 95,493 | | | | | | 195,147 | | | | | | 75,082 | |
Resale and repurchase agreements: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Resale agreements: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment income | | N/A | | | 23 | | | 8.2 | % | | 206 | | | 3.0 | % | | 77 | |
Total | | | | | 23 | | | | | | 206 | | | | | | 77 | |
Ending assets | | | | | — | | | | | | 5,053 | | | | | | — | |
Repurchase agreements: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment expense | | | | | (270 | ) | | | | | (1,281 | ) | | | | | (438 | ) |
Ending assets | | | | | 8,227 | | | | | | 100 | | | | | | 11,390 | |
Investments in associates: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment income/(losses) | | — | | | — | | | 6.5 | % | | 409 | | | 3.1 | % | | 228 | |
Ending assets | | | | | 6,071 | | | | | | 6,450 | | | | | | 8,176 | |
Total investments: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | 4.3 | % | | 24,942 | | | 5.8 | % | | 44,020 | | | 5.0 | % | | 44,050 | |
Net realized gains/(losses) | | | | | 1,595 | | | | | | 15,385 | | | | | | (6,516 | ) |
48
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of or for the years ended December 31, | |
| | | 2008 | | | 2009 | |
| | | Yield(1) | | | Amount | | | Yield(1) | | | Amount | |
| | | (RMB in millions, except as otherwise indicated) | |
Equity securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Investment income | | | 7.5 | % | | | 10,093 | | | | 2.5 | % | | | 3,146 | |
| Net realized gains/(losses) | | | | | | | (8,409 | ) | | | | | | | 17,898 | |
| Net fair value gains/(losses) on assets at fair value through income | | | | | | | (7,494 | ) | | | | | | | 1,726 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total | | | | | | | (5,810 | ) | | | | | | | 22,770 | |
| Ending assets | | | | | | | 75,082 | | | | | | | | 179,405 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Resale and repurchase agreements: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Resale agreements: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Investment income | | | 3.0 | % | | | 89 | | | | N/A | | | | 8 | |
| Total | | | | | | | 89 | | | | | | | | 8 | |
| Ending assets | | | | | | | — | | | | | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Repurchase agreements: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Investment expense | | | | | | | (438 | ) | | | | | | | (111 | ) |
| Ending assets | | | | | | | 11,390 | | | | | | | | 33,553 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investments in associates: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Investment income/(losses) | | | (0.8 | %) | | | (56 | ) | | | 8.6 | % | | | 704 | |
| Ending assets | | | | | | | 7,891 | | | | | | | | 8,470 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total investments: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Investment income | | | 3.48 | % | | | 44,946 | | | | 5.78 | % | | | 38,890 | |
| Net realized gains/(losses) | | | | | | | (5,964 | ) | | | | | | | 21,244 | |
| Net fair value gains/(losses) on assets at fair value through income | | | | | | | (7,194 | ) | | | | | | | 1,449 | |
| Business tax and extra charges for investment | | | | | | | (650 | ) | | | | | | | (662 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total | | | | | | | 31,138 | | | | | | | | 60,921 | |
| Ending assets | | | | | | | 937,403 | | | | | | | | 1,172,145 | |
| | |
| (1) | | Yields for 2006, 2007,2008 and 20082009 are calculated by dividing the investment income for that year by the average of the ending balances of that year and the previous year. |
Term deposits consist principally of term deposits with Chinese commercial banking institutions and represented
29.4% of our total investment assets as of December 31, 2009, 24.4% of our total investment assets as of December 31, 2008,
and 19.8% of our total investment assets as of December 31,
2007, and 25.5% of our total investment assets as of December 31, 2006.2007.
We generally make term deposits with state-owned commercial banks and large joint stock commercial banks. The terms of the term deposits vary. Substantially allMost of them carry variable interest rates which are linked to deposit rates set by the PBOC from time to time, thus providing us with a measure of protection against rising interest rates and, for a significant portion of them, the variable interest rates also cannot fall below a fixed guaranteed rate. They typically allow us to renegotiate terms with the banks upon prepayment, including calculationsthe methods for the calculation of accrued interest, if any. We make term deposits to obtain higher yields than can ordinarily be obtained with regular deposits.
49
The following table sets forth term deposits and structured term deposits by contractual maturity dates, as of the dates indicated.
| | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, |
| | | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2008 |
| | | Amortized
cost | | Amortized
cost | | Amortized
cost |
| | | (RMB in millions) |
Due in one year or less | | 57,930 | | 46,706 | | 64,621 |
Due after one year and through five years | | 111,901 | | 93,372 | | 155,320 |
Due after five years and through ten years | | 3,421 | | 26,434 | | 6,759 |
Due after ten years | | 2,224 | | 2,082 | | 1,572 |
| | | | | | |
Total term deposits and structured term deposits | | 175,476 | | 168,594 | | 228,272 |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, | |
| | | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | |
| | | Amortized | | | Amortized | | | Amortized | |
| | | cost | | | cost | | | cost | |
| | | (RMB in millions) | |
| Due in one year or less | | | 46,706 | | | | 64,621 | | | | 84,393 | |
| Due after one year and through five years | | | 93,372 | | | | 155,320 | | | | 196,090 | |
| Due after five years and through ten years | | | 26,434 | | | | 6,759 | | | | 64,500 | |
| Due after ten years | | | 2,082 | | | | 1,572 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total term deposits and structured term deposits | | | 168,594 | | | | 228,272 | | | | 344,983 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
The following table sets forth term deposits and structured term deposits outstanding to Chinese banking institutions as of the dates indicated.
| | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, |
| | | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2008 |
| | | Amortized
cost | | Amortized
cost | | Amortized
cost |
| | | (RMB in millions) |
Industrial & Commercial Bank of China | | 24,093 | | 5,657 | | 7,939 |
Agriculture Bank of China | | 18,079 | | 18,090 | | 18,354 |
Bank of China | | 17,519 | | 13,738 | | 5,137 |
China Construction Bank | | 1,845 | | 200 | | 18,200 |
Other banks | | 113,940 | | 130,909 | | 178,642 |
| | | | | | |
Total term deposits and structured term deposits | | 175,476 | | 168,594 | | 228,272 |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, | |
| | | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | |
| | | Amortized | | | Amortized | | | Amortized | |
| | | cost | | | cost | | | cost | |
| | | (RMB in millions) | |
| Industrial & Commercial Bank of China | | | 5,657 | | | | 7,939 | | | | 2,700 | |
| Agriculture Bank of China | | | 18,090 | | | | 18,354 | | | | 16,883 | |
| Bank of China | | | 13,738 | | | | 5,137 | | | | 70,400 | |
| China Construction Bank | | | 200 | | | | 18,200 | | | | 21,000 | |
| Other banks | | | 130,909 | | | | 178,642 | | | | 234,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total term deposits and structured term deposits | | | 168,594 | | | | 228,272 | | | | 344,983 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
We started to make structured deposits in foreign currencies with commercial banks in 2004. Structured deposits represented
0.3%0.02% of our total investment assets as of December 31,
2008.2009.
A structured deposit is a term deposit combined with an opportunity of enhanced returns, which is usually linked to a certain financial market index. The bank providing this service has the right to terminate the structured deposit at its discretion.
Debt securities in which we are permitted to invest consist of Chinese government bonds, Chinese government agency bonds, Chinese corporate bonds and subordinated bonds and debts,the following categories:
| • | | Chinese government bonds; |
|
| • | | government agency bonds (including local government bonds issued and repaid by the Ministry of Finance as agent, central bank notes, financial bonds issued by state-owned policy banks of the Chinese government, and RMB-denominated bonds issued by international development institutions); |
|
| • | | corporate bonds (including financial bonds issued by commercial banks, corporate bonds, convertible corporate bonds, short-term financing bonds and medium-term notes); and |
|
| • | | subordinated bonds and debt (including subordinated bonds issued by state-owned policy banks of the Chinese government, subordinated bonds issued by commercial banks, subordinated debt with fixed terms issued by commercial banks and subordinated debt with fixed terms issued by insurance companies). |
50
Debt securities represented
49.7% of our total investment assets as of December 31, 2009, 61.4% of our total investment assets as of December 31, 2008,
52.1% of our total investment assets as of December 31, 2007, and 52.1% of our total investment assets as of December 31,
2006.2007.
Based on estimated fair value, Chinese government bonds, Chinese government agency bonds,
Chinese corporate bonds and subordinated
bonds/debtsbonds and debt comprised
15.2%, 48.5%, 30.1% and 6.2% of our total available-for-sale debt securities as of December 31, 2009, respectively, 22.5%, 53.7%, 19.0% and
4.9%4.8% of our total available-for-sale debt securities as of December 31, 2008, respectively,
and 33.4%, 44.4%, 18.1% and 4.1% of our total available-for-sale debt securities as of December 31, 2007,
respectively, and 34.1%, 44.5%, 17.4% and 4.0% of our total available-for-sale debt securities as of December 31, 2006, respectively. Except for a
few seriessmall number of
our debt securities, which collectively had a carrying value of
RMB2,270RMB 6,509 million
(US$ 333(US $954 million) as of December 31,
2008,2009, most of our debt securities are publicly traded on stock exchanges or in the interbank market in China.
The government bonds are sovereign debt of the Chinese government. The government agency bonds are bonds issued by Chinese policy banks.
We invest in bonds issued by Chinese commercial banks as well as corporate bonds rated AA or above by the rating agencies recognized by the CIRC, such as China Chengxin International Credit Rating Co., Ltd and Dagong Global Credit Rating Agency. Subordinated bonds and
debtsdebt we invest in are mainly the subordinated bonds and
debtsdebt issued by Chinese commercial banks.
Chengxin International was created by a consortium of companies including Fitch Ratings and International Finance Company. Chengxin International provides ratings on both companies and securities, including insurance companies, securities firms, commercial banks and corporate bonds. AAA is the highest of ten rating categories. Dagong provides ratings on both companies and securities, including insurance companies, commercial banks, mutual funds and long-term and short-term
debts.debt securities. AAA is the highest of nine rating categories. China has other approved rating agencies, such as China Lianhe and Shanghai Far East, both of which have similar rating structures. Ratings given by these entities are not directly comparable to ratings given by U.S. rating agencies.
The following table sets forth the amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities, as of the dates indicated.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, | |
| | | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | |
| | | Amortized | | | % of | | | Estimated | | | % of | | | Amortized | | | % of | | | Estimated | | | % of | | | Amortized | | | % of | | | Estimated | | | % of | |
| | | cost | | | total | | | fair value | | | total | | | cost | | | total | | | fair value | | | total | | | cost | | | total | | | fair value | | | total | |
| | | (RMB in millions) | |
Debt securities, available-for-sale: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Government bonds | | | 83,137 | | | | 18.3 | % | | | 80,588 | | | | 18.4 | % | | | 73,130 | | | | 13.2 | % | | | 80,006 | | | | 13.5 | % | | | 50,623 | | | | 8.6 | % | | | 51,996 | | | | 8.9 | % |
| Government agency bonds | | | 111,906 | | | | 24.7 | % | | | 107,154 | | | | 24.4 | % | | | 180,135 | | | | 32.5 | % | | | 191,121 | | | | 32.3 | % | | | 167,313 | | | | 28,4 | % | | | 165,231 | | | | 28.3 | % |
| Corporate bonds | | | 46,464 | | | | 10.2 | % | | | 43,742 | | | | 10.0 | % | | | 64,388 | | | | 11.6 | % | | | 67,505 | | | | 11.4 | % | | | 103,603 | | | | 17.7 | % | | | 102,553 | | | | 17.6 | % |
| Subordinated bonds/debt | | | 10,462 | | | | 2.3 | % | | | 9,898 | | | | 2.3 | % | | | 17,265 | | | | 3.1 | % | | | 17,588 | | | | 3.0 | % | | | 21,198 | | | | 3.6 | % | | | 21,045 | | | | 3.6 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total debt securities, available-for-sale | | | 251,969 | | | | 55.5 | % | | | 241,382 | | | | 55.0 | % | | | 334,918 | | | | 60.4 | % | | | 356,220 | | | | 60.1 | % | | | 342,737 | | | | 58.4 | % | | | 340,825 | | | | 58.5 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Debt securities, held to maturity: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Government bonds | | | 96,786 | | | | 21.3 | % | | | 96,234 | | | | 21.9 | % | | | 102,688 | | | | 18.5 | % | | | 112,681 | | | | 19.0 | % | | | 103,980 | | | | 17.8 | % | | | 107,432 | | | | 18.4 | % |
| Government agency bonds | | | 71,273 | | | | 15.7 | % | | | 68,080 | | | | 15.5 | % | | | 79,400 | | | | 14.3 | % | | | 84,558 | | | | 14.3 | % | | | 84,619 | | | | 14.5 | % | | | 82,728 | | | | 14.2 | % |
| Corporate bonds | | | 3,272 | | | | 0.7 | % | | | 3,403 | | | | 0.8 | % | | | 3,267 | | | | 0.6 | % | | | 3,494 | | | | 0.6 | % | | | 3,139 | | | | 0.5 | % | | | 3,245 | | | | 0.6 | % |
| Subordinated bonds/debt | | | 24,372 | | | | 5.4 | % | | | 23,872 | | | | 5.4 | % | | | 26,574 | | | | 4.8 | % | | | 27,865 | | | | 4.7 | % | | | 43,361 | | | | 7.4 | % | | | 42,264 | | | | 7.3 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total debt securities, held to maturity | | | 195,703 | | | | 43.1 | % | | | 191,589 | | | | 43.6 | % | | | 211,929 | | | | 38.2 | % | | | 228,598 | | | | 38.6 | % | | | 235,099 | | | | 40.2 | % | | | 235,669 | | | | 40.4 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Debt securities, financial assets at fair value through income (held-for-trading) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Government bonds | | | 710 | | | | 0.2 | % | | | 693 | | | | 0.2 | % | | | 1,404 | | | | 0.3 | % | | | 1,428 | | | | 0.2 | % | | | 2,483 | | | | 0.4 | % | | | 2,438 | | | | 0.4 | % |
| Government agency bonds | | | 4,679 | | | | 1.0 | % | | | 4,583 | | | | 1.0 | % | | | 4,525 | | | | 0.8 | % | | | 4,660 | | | | 0.8 | % | | | 3,559 | | | | 0.6 | % | | | 3,549 | | | | 0.6 | % |
| Corporate bonds | | | 458 | | | | 0.1 | % | | | 513 | | | | 0.1 | % | | | 1,614 | | | | 0.3 | % | | | 1,648 | | | | 0.3 | % | | | 403 | | | | 0.1 | % | | | 404 | | | | 0.1 | % |
| Subordinated bonds/debt | | | 329 | | | | 0.1 | % | | | 307 | | | | 0.1 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total debt securities, financial assets at fair value through income (held-for-trading) | | | 6,176 | | | | 1.4 | % | | | 6,096 | | | | 1.4 | % | | | 7,543 | | | | 1.4 | % | | | 7,736 | | | | 1.3 | % | | | 6,445 | | | | 1.1 | % | | | 6,391 | | | | 1.1 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total debt securities | | | 453,768 | | | | 100 | % | | | 439,067 | | | | 100 | % | | | 554,583 | | | | 100.0 | % | | | 592,554 | | | | 100.0 | % | | | 580,623 | | | | 100 | % | | | 582,834 | | | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, | |
| | | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | Amortized
cost | | % of
total | | | Estimated
fair value | | % of
total | | | Amortized
cost | | % of
total | | | Estimated
fair value | | % of
total | | | Amortized
cost | | % of
total | | | Estimated
fair value | | % of
total | |
| | | (RMB in millions) | |
Debt securities, available -for-sale: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Government bonds | | 60,058 | | 16.8 | % | | 60,352 | | 16.3 | % | | 83,137 | | 18.3 | % | | 80,588 | | 18.4 | % | | 73,130 | | 13.2 | % | | 80,006 | | 13.5 | % |
Government agency bonds | | 78,300 | | 21.9 | % | | 78,721 | | 21.3 | % | | 111,906 | | 24.7 | % | | 107,154 | | 24.4 | % | | 180,135 | | 32.5 | % | | 191,121 | | 32.3 | % |
Corporate bonds | | 31,001 | | 8.7 | % | | 30,752 | | 8.3 | % | | 46,464 | | 10.2 | % | | 43,742 | | 10.0 | % | | 64,388 | | 11.6 | % | | 67,505 | | 11.4 | % |
Subordinated bonds/debts | | 7,068 | | 2.0 | % | | 7,043 | | 1.9 | % | | 10,462 | | 2.3 | % | | 9,898 | | 2.3 | % | | 17,265 | | 3.1 | % | | 17,588 | | 3.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total debt securities, available-for-sale | | 176,427 | | 49.4 | % | | 176,868 | | 47.8 | % | | 251,969 | | 55.5 | % | | 241,382 | | 55.0 | % | | 334,918 | | 60.4 | % | | 356,220 | | 60.1 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Debt securities, held to maturity: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Government bonds | | 94,999 | | 26.6 | % | | 102,764 | | 27.9 | % | | 96,786 | | 21.3 | % | | 96,234 | | 21.9 | % | | 102,688 | | 18.5 | % | | 112,681 | | 19.0 | % |
Government agency bonds | | 53,935 | | 15.1 | % | | 56,333 | | 15.2 | % | | 71,273 | | 15.7 | % | | 68,080 | | 15.5 | % | | 79,400 | | 14.3 | % | | 84,558 | | 14.3 | % |
Corporate bonds | | 3,257 | | 0.9 | % | | 3,553 | | 1.0 | % | | 3,272 | | 0.7 | % | | 3,403 | | 0.8 | % | | 3,267 | | 0.6 | % | | 3,494 | | 0.6 | % |
Subordinated bonds/debts | | 24,368 | | 6.8 | % | | 25,642 | | 6.9 | % | | 24,372 | | 5.4 | % | | 23,872 | | 5.4 | % | | 26,574 | | 4.8 | % | | 27,865 | | 4.7 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total debt securities, held to maturity | | 176,559 | | 49.4 | % | | 188,292 | | 51.0 | % | | 195,703 | | 43.1 | % | | 191,589 | | 43.6 | % | | 211,929 | | 38.2 | % | | 228,598 | | 38.6 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Debt securities, financial assets at fair value through income (held-for-trading) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Government bonds | | 148 | | 0.0 | % | | 148 | | 0.0 | % | | 693 | | 0.2 | % | | 693 | | 0.2 | % | | 1,428 | | 0.3 | % | | 1,428 | | 0.2 | % |
Government agency bonds | | 1,915 | | 0.5 | % | | 1,915 | | 0.5 | % | | 4,583 | | 1.0 | % | | 4,583 | | 1.0 | % | | 4,660 | | 0.8 | % | | 4,660 | | 0.8 | % |
Corporate bonds | | 2,083 | | 0.6 | % | | 2,083 | | 0.6 | % | | 513 | | 0.1 | % | | 513 | | 0.1 | % | | 1,648 | | 0.3 | % | | 1,648 | | 0.3 | % |
Subordinated bonds/debts | | 325 | | 0.1 | % | | 325 | | 0.1 | % | | 307 | | 0.1 | % | | 307 | | 0.1 | % | | — | | — | | | — | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total debt securities, financial assets at fair value through income (held-for-trading) | | 4,471 | | 1.2 | % | | 4,471 | | 1.2 | % | | 6,096 | | 1.3 | % | | 6,096 | | 1.4 | % | | 7,736 | | 1.4 | % | | 7,736 | | 1.3 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total debt securities | | 357,457 | | 100 | % | | 369,631 | | 100 | % | | 453,768 | | 100 | % | | 439,067 | | 100 | % | | 554,583 | | 100.0 | % | | 592,554 | | 100.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
51
The following table shows the amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities excluding financial assets at fair value through income (held-for-trading) by contractual maturity dates, as of the dates indicated.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, |
| | | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2008 |
| | | Amortized
cost | | Estimated
fair value | | Amortized
cost | | Estimated
fair value | | Amortized
cost | | Estimated
fair value |
| | | (RMB in millions) |
Due in one year or less | | 7,518 | | 7,569 | | 3,512 | | 3,533 | | 31,757 | | 32,294 |
Due after one year and through five years | | 78,147 | | 81,361 | | 73,198 | | 73,533 | | 97,909 | | 103,801 |
Due after five years and through ten years | | 97,556 | | 100,274 | | 142,001 | | 140,450 | | 168,978 | | 183,617 |
Due after ten years | | 169,765 | | 175,956 | | 228,961 | | 215,455 | | 248,203 | | 265,106 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total debt securities | | 352,986 | | 365,160 | | 447,672 | | 432,971 | | 546,847 | | 584,818 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Under the CIRC’s regulations, our
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, | |
| | | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | |
| | | Amortized | | | Estimated | | | Amortized | | | Estimated | | | Amortized | | | Estimated | |
| | | cost | | | fair value | | | cost | | | fair value | | | cost | | | fair value | |
| | | (RMB in millions) | |
| Due in one year or less | | | 3,512 | | | | 3,533 | | | | 31,757 | | | | 32,294 | | | | 8,844 | | | | 8,886 | |
| Due after one year and through five years | | | 73,198 | | | | 73,533 | | | | 97,909 | | | | 103,801 | | | | 79,641 | | | | 82,511 | |
| Due after five years and through ten years | | | 142,001 | | | | 140,450 | | | | 168,978 | | | | 183,617 | | | | 165,523 | | | | 169,484 | |
| Due after ten years | | | 228,961 | | | | 215,455 | | | | 248,203 | | | | 265,106 | | | | 323,827 | | | | 315,612 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total debt securities | | | 447,672 | | | | 432,971 | | | | 546,847 | | | | 584,818 | | | | 577,835 | | | | 576,493 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Our investments in
eachdebt securities are subject to strict restrictions under relevant Chinese regulation. See “— Regulatory and Related Matters—Regulation of
corporate bonds, including short-term financing debts and convertible bonds, as well as financial bonds and subordinated bonds issued by commercial banks, at any given time may not exceed 30% of our total assets as of the end of the preceding quarter, respectively.investments” We diversify our corporate bonds by industry and issuer. Our corporate bond portfolio does not have significant exposure to a single industry or issuer.
Problem and restructured debt securities
We monitor debt securities to identify investments that management considers to be problems. We also monitor investments that have been restructured.
We define problem securities in the debt securities category as securities to which principal or interest payments are in default or are to be restructured pursuant to commenced negotiations, or as securities issued by a debtor that has subsequently entered liquidation.
We define restructured securities in the debt securities category as securities to which we have granted a concession that we would not have otherwise considered but for the financial difficulties of the obligor or issuer.
None of our debt securities is classified as either a problem security or a restructured security.
We offer interest-bearing policy loans to our policyholders, who may borrow from us at total amounts up to 70% of the cash surrender values of their policies. In general, the loans are secured by the policyholders’ rights under the policies. As of December 31,
2008,2009, the total amount of our policy loans was
RMB8,676RMB 13,831 million (US$
1,2722,026 million), and represented
0.9%1.2% of our total investment assets as of that date.
As of December 31, 2008, we also entrusted AMC to make
RMB1,200RMB 1,200 million (US$176 million) and
RMB8,000RMB 8,000 million (US$1,173 million) as loans to Shentong Group Debt Investment
PlanProgram and Tianjin City Debt Investment Plan respectively, which had a total investment proceeds of approximately
RMB221RMB 221 million (US$32 million) as of December 31, 2008.
We did not make any new investments in debt investment plans during the year of 2009.
Securities investment funds Securities investment funds consist of Chinese domestic investment funds that primarily invest in securities that are issued by Chinese companies and traded on China’s securities exchanges, and represented 3.6%6.5% of our total investment assets as of December 31, 2008.2009.
52
We invest in both “closed-end” securities investment funds, in which the number of shares is fixed and the share value depends on the trading value, and “open-end” securities investment funds, in which the number of shares issued by the fund fluctuates and the share value is set by the value of the assets held by the fund.
Under the CIRC’s regulations, investment holdingsOur investments in securities investment funds
during any given month, based on the costare subject to strict restrictions under relevant Chinese regulations. See “—Regulatory and Related Matters—Insurance Company Regulation—Regulation of
investment, may not exceed 15% of the total assets of an insurance company as of the end of the proceeding month. In addition, investment holdings in a single securities investment fund during any given month may not exceed 3% of total assets of the company as of the end of the proceeding month, and no investment in any single “closed-end” securities investment fund may exceed 10% of that fund.investments”. Our holdings in securities investment funds comply with those restrictions.
The following table presents the carrying values of investments in open-end and closed-end securities investment funds as of the dates indicated.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, | |
| | | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | Carrying
value | | % of
total | | | Carrying
value | | % of
total | | | Carrying
value | | % of
total | |
| | | (RMB in millions, except as otherwise indicated) | |
Open-end | | 33,006 | | 72.9 | % | | 53,555 | | 76.8 | % | | 31,047 | | 91.4 | % |
Closed-end | | 12,245 | | 27.1 | % | | 16,214 | | 23.2 | % | | 2,906 | | 8.6 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | 45,251 | | 100 | % | | 69,769 | | 100 | % | | 33,953 | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, | |
| | | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | |
| | | Carrying | | | % of | | | Carrying | | | % of | | | Carrying | | | % of | |
| | | value | | | total | | | value | | | total | | | value | | | total | |
| | | (RMB in millions, except as otherwise indicated) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Open-end | | | 53,555 | | | | 76.8 | % | | | 31,047 | | | | 91.4 | % | | | 68,343 | | | | 89.8 | % |
| Closed-end | | | 16,214 | | | | 23.2 | % | | | 2,906 | | | | 8.6 | % | | | 7,779 | | | | 10.2 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 69,769 | | | | 100 | % | | | 33,953 | | | | 100 | % | | | 76,122 | | | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
StocksIn March 2005, we were approved by the CIRC to invest
Investments in stocks consist of investment in publicly offered and listed equity securities that are denominated and traded in
Renminbi. We may hold no more than 10% ofRenminbi and investment in stocks listed on specified overseas stock exchanges that are permitted by the
total public portion or 5% of the total equity, whichever is lower,CIRC. Our investments in
any one listed company, and may not invest in a listed company or any of its affiliates if the listed company holds directly or indirectly 10% or more of our shares.stocks are subject to strict restrictions under relevant Chinese regulations. See “—Regulatory and Related Matters—Insurance Company Regulation—Regulation of investments”. As of December 31,
2008,2009, the total amount of our investment in common stocks was
RMB41,124RMB 103,038 million (US$
6,02815,095 million), and represented
4.4%8.8% of our total investment assets as of that date.
We invested approximately US$250 million in H shares of China Construction Bank Corporation at its initial public offering in 2005, a portion of which was sold early 2006. We invested approximately HK$1.175 billion in H shares of Bank of China Limited in its initial public offering in May 2006, approximately RMB3,252 million (US$417 million) in the targeted offering of CITIC Securities Co., Ltd. in June 2006, approximately HK$2 billion in H shares of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited in its initial public offering in October 2006 and approximately US$433 million and RMB2,282 million (US$292 million) in Guangdong Development Bank in December 2006. During the year of 2007, we used approximately US$126 million for investments in H shares of China Molybdenum Co., Ltd, China CITIC Bank Corporation, China National Materials Company Limited and China Dongxiang (Group) Co., Ltd. during their initial public offerings in 2007. We used approximately US$264 million for investments in shares of Visa Inc. and approximately US$80 million for investments in H shares of China Railway Construction Company Limited and China South Locomotive & Rolling Stock Corporation Limited during their initial public offerings in 2008. Repurchase and resale agreements We enter into repurchase and resale agreements, which consist of securities repurchase and resell activities in repurchase and resell markets. We did not have securities purchased under agreements to resell as of December 31, 2006.
As of December 31, 2007, the securities purchased under agreements to resell represented 0.6% of our total investment assets. We did not have securities purchased under agreements to resell as of December 31, 2008.2008 and 2009.
The securities sold under agreements to repurchase were RMB 100 million as of December 31, 2007, RMB 11,390 million as of December 31, 2008 and RMB 33, 553 million as of December 31, 2009.
Asset Management Business
On November 23, 2003 we established an asset management joint venture, AMC, with CLIC, in connection with the restructuring for the purpose of operating the asset management business more professionally in a separate entity and to better attract and retain qualified investment management professionals. AMC manages our investment assets and, separately, substantially all of those of CLIC. For a description of our investment assets, see “—Investments”.
53
We own 60% and CLIC owns 40% of AMC. Directors of AMC are appointed by the shareholders at a general meeting. As the controlling shareholder, we effectively control the composition of AMC’s board of directors.
AMC obtained the qualification to serve as the investment manager for enterprise annuity funds on August 1, 2005.
In April 2009, the registered capital of AMC was increased from RMB 1,000 million to RMB 3,000 million, with us and CLIC contributing RMB 1,200 million and RMB 800 million, respectively. The shareholding proportion between CLIC and us remains unchanged.
As of December 31, 2009, AMC had total assets of RMB 4,679 million (US$685 million), net assets of RMB 3,753 million (US$550 million) and net profit of RMB 410 million (US$60 million).
Property and Casualty Business
In December 2006 we and CLIC established a property and casualty company, CLPCIC, with us owning 40% and CLIC owning the remaining 60%. In July 2008, the registered capital of CLPCIC was increased from RMB 1,000 million to RMB 4,000 million, with US and CLIC contributing RMB 1,200 million and 1,800 million, respectively. The proportionate shareholding between CLIC and us remains unchanged.
As of December 31, 2009, CLPCIC had total assets of RMB 12,138 million (US$1,778 million), net assets of RMB 2,448 million (US$359 million) and net profit of RMB 80 million (US$12 million).
Pension Insurance Business
In January 2007 we, CLIC and AMC established a pension insurance joint venture, China Life Pension, with us owning 55%, CLIC owning 25% and AMC owning the remaining 20%. In June 2008, the registered capital of China Life Pension was increased from RMB600 million to RMB2,500 million. China Life Pension is currently held 87.4%, 6.0%, 4.8% and 1.8% by us, CLIC, AMC and China Credit Trust Company Limited, respectively.
China Life Pension obtained the qualification to serve as trustee and account manager of enterprise annuity funds on November 19, 2007.
As of December 31, 2009, China Life Pension had total assets of RMB 2,441 million (US$358 million), net assets of RMB 2,321 million (US$340 million) and net losses of RMB 116 million (US$17 million).
Our information technology systems provide support for many aspects of our businesses, including product development, sales and marketing, business management, cost control and risk control. Our information technology systems are supported by approximately 1,900 experienced engineers, technicians and specialists.
In 2008,2009, we continued to increase our investment in information technology, raising the standards of the information technology applications and services. In the course of integratingoptimizing our research and development system and operation support system, we integrated our current IT application system and enhancing the effectivenesscompleted development and stabilityapplication of Phase I of the system, we developed a new generation finance system and human resource management system, structured a IT service management system, which provided better technical service for business development.development and operational management.
54
In
2008,September 2009, we
completed the project consultation, general planning and designbegan construction of
the Phase I construction program for our new research and development center in Beijing.
Construction is expected to begin in 2009. Construction for ourOur new data center in Shanghai has
begun in December 2008 and is expected to bebeen in operation
insince December 2009.
We conduct our business under the “China Life” brand name (in English and Chinese), the “ball” logos and other business related slogans and logos. CLIC owns these trademarks and has registered them with the Trademark Office of the SAIC. CLIC has entered into a trademark license agreement with us, under which CLIC has agreed to grant us a royalty-free license to use these trademarks. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions—
Trademark License Agreement”Continuing Related Party Transactions with CLIC”.
Regulatory and Related Matters DevelopmentOverview
The insurance industry is heavily regulated in the PRC. The applicable laws and regulations governing insurance activities undertaken within the territories of
regulatory frameworkthe PRC consist principally of the PRC Insurance Law and rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. The CIRC is the authority authorized by the PRC State Council to regulate and supervise the insurance industry in the PRC.
The PRC
insurance law was enacted in 1995. ItInsurance Law, which provided the initial framework for regulating the
domesticPRC insurance
industry.industry, was enacted in 1995, and significantly amended on October 28, 2002 and February 28, 2009. Among
other things, the
steps taken under the 1995 insurance law were the following: | • | | Licensing of insurance companies and insurance intermediaries, such as agents and brokers. The 1995 insurance law established requirements for minimum registered capital levels, form of organization, qualification of senior management and the adequacy of the information systems for insurance companies and insurance agencies and brokers.
|
| • | | Separation of property and casualty insurance businesses and life insurance businesses. The 1995 insurance law classified insurance between property, casualty, liability and credit insurance businesses, on the one hand, and life, accident and health insurance businesses on the other, and prohibited companies from engaging in both types of businesses.
|
| • | | Regulation of market conduct by participants. The 1995 insurance law prohibited fraudulent and other unlawful conduct by insurance companies, agencies and brokers.
|
| • | | Substantive regulation of insurance products. The 1995 insurance law gave insurance regulators the authority to approve the policy terms and premium rates for certain insurance products.
|
| • | | Financial condition and performance of insurance companies. The 1995 insurance law established reserve and solvency standards for insurance companies, imposed restrictions on investment powers and established mandatory reinsurance requirements, and put in place a reporting regime to facilitate monitoring by insurance regulators.
|
| • | | Supervisory and enforcement powers of the principal regulatory authority.The principal regulatory authority, then the PBOC, was given broad powers under the 1995 insurance law to regulate the insurance industry.
|
Establishmentmajor provisions of the ChinaPRC Insurance Regulatory CommissionLaw include: (1) licensing of insurance companies and 2002 amendments toinsurance intermediaries, such as agents and brokers; (2) separation of property and casualty business and life insurance business; (3) regulation of market conduct by participants; (4) substantive regulation of insurance products; (5) regulation of the financial condition and performance of insurance companies; and (6) supervisory and enforcement powers of CIRC.
The CIRC was established in 1998. It has extensive supervisory authority over the PRC insurance
lawChina’sindustry, including: (1) promulgation of regulations applicable to the insurance regulatory regime was strengthened further with theindustry; (2) examination of insurance companies; (3) establishment of investment regulations; (4) approving the CIRC in 1998. The CIRC was givenpolicy terms and premium rates for certain insurance products; (5) setting standards for measuring the mandatefinancial soundness of insurance companies; (6) requiring insurance companies to implement reform insubmit reports concerning their business operations and condition of assets; and (7) ordering the suspension of all or part of an insurance industry, minimize insolvency risk for Chinese insurers and promote the development of the insurance market. The PRC insurance law was also significantly amended in 2002.
company’s business. Since its establishment, the CIRC has promulgated a series of regulations indicating a gradual shift in the regulatory approach to a more transparent regulatory process and a convergent movement toward international standards. Significant changes include:
more stringent reserve and solvency requirements and their disclosure;
the increase in the level of disclosures required to be made to the CIRC by insurance companies;
greater freedom for insurance companies to develop products to meet market needs, with a significant reduction in the items which require the CIRC’s approval;
broader investment powers for insurance companies, including allowing insurers to make equity investments in insurance-related enterprises, such as asset management companies;
tightening of market conduct regulation and increased penalties for violations;
phasing out of mandatory reinsurance by the beginning of 2006; and
reduction of barriers to entry, including allowing property and casualty insurers to enter the accident and short-term health insurance business.
2009 amendments to the PRC insurance law
The PRC insurance law was further amended on February 28, 2009, which will come into effect on October 1, 2009. The law was amended in particular to protect the rights of the insured, strengthen supervision and risk prevention as well as to establish higher compliance standards for the insurance industry. The major modifications include:
where the policyholder, whether intentionally or negligently, fails to perform the obligation of truthful representation in accordance with the requirements of the PRC insurance law, which is sufficient to affect the insurer’s decision on whether to accept the insurance policy or to increase the premium, the insurer has the right to rescind the contract within 30 days from the day the insurer learns the facts that entitle it to rescind the insurance contract;
the insurer may not rescind the contract after two years from the effective date of the insurance contract;
declaring void provisions in insurance contracts that release the insurer from its obligations under applicable laws, or expand the liabilities of the policyholder or the insured, or eliminated the rights to which the policyholder, the insured or the beneficiary is lawfully entitled;
clarifying and streamlining the efficiency and timeframe of payment of claims by the insurer;
emphasizing the principle of operating and regulating by industry between the insurance industry and the banking, securities and trusts industries;
requiring that the major shareholders of an insurance company have the ability to sustain profitability, with a minimum of RMB200 million in net assets;
permitting insurance companies may use their funds in bank deposits, bonds, stocks, shares of securities investment funds or other securities and investments in real properties;
bond insurance may be included under property insurance;
specifying the special circumstances in which the statutory insurance fund could be used;
insurance companies should establish management and information disclosure procedures for related party transactions; and
the controlling shareholder, actual controlling person, directors, supervisors and senior management may not exploit its affiliated relation in a manner prejudicial to the interest of the company.
Insurance Company Regulation
The CIRC.The CIRC has extensive supervisory authority over insurance companies, including:
promulgation of regulations applicable to the insurance industry;
examination of insurance companies;
establishment of investment regulations;
approving the policy terms and premium rates for certain insurance products;
setting of standards for measuring the financial soundness of insurance companies;
requiring insurance companies to submit reports concerning their business operations and condition of assets; and
ordering the suspension of all or part of an insurance company’s business.
Licensing requirements.requirementsAn insurance company is required to obtain a license from the CIRC in order to engage in an insurance business. In general, a license will be granted only if the company can meet prescribed registered capital requirements and other specified requirements, including requirements relating to its form of organization, the qualifications of its senior management and actuarial staff, the adequacy of its information systems and specifications relating to the insurance products to be offered. Our headquarters and all of our branch offices have obtained the requisite insurance licenses.
55
The CIRC may grant a life insurer a license to offer all or part of the following products: accident insurance, term life insurance, whole life insurance, annuities, short-term and long-term health insurance, endowment insurance (for individuals only) and other personal insurance approved by the CIRC, as well as reinsurance relating to any of the foregoing.
An insurance company may seek approval for establishing branch offices to meet its business needs so long as it meets minimum capital and other requirements. Our headquarters and substantially all of our branch offices have obtained business licenses.
Since September 2007, new administration measures relating to insurance licenses have been implemented. These measures have streamlined the types of insurance licenses by no longer distinguishing originals from duplicates and cancelled the requirement for insurance intermediary institutions to hold legal person licenses. An insurance holding company or insurance group that does not engage in insurance business or insurance asset management business is not required to obtain an insurance license. A license currently held by an insurance institution is still effective if no alteration occurs to the registration items of the license. Upon change of any of the registered capital or names of senior management, or upon the expiry of the valid term of the current license, the insurance company shall get a new license at the CIRC or the relevant insurance regulatory bureau no later than September 30, 2007. Insurance companies should make an announcement in the newspapers designated by the CIRC within 20 days after the new or replaced license is issued.
Minimum capital requirements.requirements Under newly implemented insurance company regulations, the
The minimum paid-in capital for an insurance company is
RMB200RMB 200 million. For an insurance company whose registered capital is
RMB200RMB 200 million, the minimum incremental capital for each first branch office in a province other than the province where it is located is
RMB20RMB 20 million. No additional capital will be required when the paid-in capital has reached
RMB500RMB 500 million, and the insurer’s solvency is sound.
Restriction of ownership in joint stock insurance companies.companies
Any acquisition of shares which results in the acquirer owning
10%5% or more of the registered capital of a joint stock insurance company, whether or not listed, requires the approval of the CIRC. A filing with the CIRC is
neededrequired with respect to a change of equity interest of less than
10%5% in an insurance company, unless it is a listed insurance company.
Except for insurance holding companies or insurance companies otherwise approved by the CIRC, an individual entity, including its affiliates, may not hold more than a 20% equity interest in an insurance company including any company which issues shares to the public and lists in China. The combined equity interests held by foreign investors may not exceed
25%50% of the total equity of a single
life insurance
company, unless the investee company is a listed company.
An insurance company must provide a written report to the CIRC specifying whether there is any known affiliated relationship between its shareholders. In addition, except for listed companies, when the equity of an insurancecompany collectively owned by foreign entities exceeds 25%, the company shall be governed by regulations governing foreign-invested insurance companies. Except in the context of a public offering or as otherwise permitted by law or with the prior approval of the State Council, of China, no bank or securities company may invest in an insurance company.
Fundamental changes.
Prior approval must be obtained from the CIRC before specified fundamental changes relating to a Chinese insurance company may occur. These include:
a change of company name, organizational form, and change in registered capital;
capital or address of registered office or principal executive offices; an expansion of business scope; an amendment to articles of association; a merger or spin-off;
a transfer ofchange in a 10%shareholder whose capital contribution accounts for 5% or more equity interest inof the total capital of the company or a shareholder holding 5% or more of the shares of the company;
and a termination of a branch offices; and
a dissolution or bankruptcy of the company.
office. In addition, certain other changes relating to the insurance company must be reviewed by or filed with the CIRC.
Directors and senior management qualification requirements.Directors and senior managementRegulation of an insurance company are subject to a set of qualification requirements implemented by the CIRC in September 2006. Prior to an appointment of a director or a member of senior management, an application has to be submitted to the CIRC for the CIRC to verify such person’s qualifications. In April 2007, the CIRC issued further regulations on the qualifications for, responsibilities of, and administration on independent directors of insurance companies to ensure that each independent director shall make independent and objective judgment and have sufficient time and energy to duly perform his or her duties. In October 2008, the CIRC issued a circular clarifying certain issues relating to qualification review of directors and senior officers of insurance companies, seeking uniformity in implementation. In December 2008, the CIRC set competence qualifications for financial principals of insurance companies.Corporate Governance of Insurance Companiesproducts. Based on the CIRC’s first comprehensive investigation on the corporate governance practices of insurance companies at the end of 2006, the CIRC has published a series of notices and guidelines with respect to risk management, compliance management, related transaction management, and internal audit. Insurance companies are required to conduct a special audit of their corporate governance practices, draft a report co-signed by the chairman of the board of directors and two independent directors, and submit the report to the CIRC by January 10, 2008.
Risk management. Insurance companies should establish and adopt basic procedures, relevant organization structures, systems and measures to identify, evaluate and control the risks involved in its insurance operation with the focus being put on operation objectives. An insurance company is required to determine its risk management objectives, establish and improve a risk management system, standardize risk management procedures and adopt advanced methods and measures for risk management so as to maximize the benefits based at an appropriate risk level. Insurance companies shall report to the CIRC in a timely manner any major risks, and include in the annual report the annual risk evaluation report reviewed by the board of directors.
Compliance management. Insurance companies should prevent, identify, evaluate, report and deal with compliance risks by taking measures such as setting up the compliance department, formulating and implementing compliance policies (which are required to be filed with the CIRC), exercising compliance monitoring, and providing compliance trainings, so as to ensure the compliance of the company, its staff and sales agents with the relevant laws and regulations, rules of regulatory authorities, industrial self-discipline rules, internal management systems and codes of ethics. The annual compliance report must be prepared by an insurance company and submitted to the CIRC by April 30 each year. Each insurance company is required by theCIRC to appoint a compliance officer before June 30, 2007. The compliance officer is required to report to both
the board of directors and the management. Such compliance officer is also required to report to the CIRC any material non-compliance of the company. In addition, each insurance company is required to establish a compliance management department in its head office by August 1, 2008, and if necessary, establish compliance management departments or compliance positions in its branches. As of the date of this annual report, we have set up a compliance management department, established sets of compliance standards, and confirmed the appointment of compliance officer whose qualification has been approved by the CIRC.
Related transaction management. Related transactions between an insurance company and any of its related parties are classified into “major related transactions” and “common related transactions”. The term “major related transactions” refers to any single transaction between an insurance company and a related party in which the trading volume accounts for 1% or more of the insurance company’s net assets as of the end of the previous year and has a value of more than RMB5 million, or the transactions between an insurance company and a related party in which the accumulative trading volume within one accounting year accounts for 5% or more of the insurance company’s net assets as of the end of the previous year and has a value of more than RMB50 million. The term “common related transactions” refers to all related transactions other than major related transactions. When calculating the trading volume of related transactions, the transactions between the insurance company and the related party as well as the transactions between the insurance company and any affiliated parties of the related party are calculated on a consolidated basis. For custody business of insurance capital or insurance agency business between insurance companies (including company group and holding company) and their subsidiaries and between different subsidiaries, the volume is calculated on the basis of the management fees or agency fees they collect. For the aforesaid transactions between insurance companies and other related parties, the transaction volume is calculated on the basis of the capital in custody or the premium withheld. For insurance business, the related transaction volume is calculated on the basis of premiums; for security or external donation, the transaction volume is calculated on the basis of the debt secured or the market value of donated subjects. Where more than one related transactions occurred between insurance companies and their controlled subsidiaries and between different subsidiaries, both parties must calculate the separate affiliated transaction volume in an accumulative manner. A major related transaction is subject to approval by the board of directors or the shareholders, while a common related transaction must be reviewed in accordance with the internal authorization process of the insurance company. An insurance company is required to maintain a management system of related transactions and file them with the CIRC and take effective measures to prevent its shareholders, directors, supervisors, senior managers or other related parties from taking advantage of their special positions to damage the interests of the company or the insured through related transactions or by any other means. For major related transactions between insurance companies and their controlled subsidiaries and between different subsidiaries, a report must be made to the CIRC by the party to which the transaction constitutes a major transaction or by the insurance group (holding) company. Where a related transaction constitutes a major transaction to both parties, the parties may agree that one party or the insurance group (holding) company reports to the CIRC. The report shall provide a comprehensive explanation on the effect of the transaction on the current and future financial position and the operating results of both parties. Where the major related transaction has been reported to the CIRC for verification in advance in accordance with the relevant regulations, insurance companies need not report to the CIRC.
Internal audit. Insurance companies are required to establish an independent department for internal audit purposes, staffed with sufficient internal audit personnel (the number of full-time internal audit personnel generally must not be less than 5% of the total number of the company’s employees), establish an audit committee, and designate an audit controller whose appointment and replacement must be filed with the CIRC. An internal audit report is to be submitted to the CIRC by April 30 of each year and any major risk perceived during the internal audit process should be reported to the CIRC in a timely manner.
Reporting and disclosure requirements. Within the prescribed time period following the end of a fiscal year, an insurance company must submit to the CIRC, among others, an annual report with audited financial statements and an annual report setting forth its solvency margin as of the end of the fiscal year, as well as other regulatory monitoring items. When the insurance company’s solvency margin falls below the minimum solvency
requirement, the CIRC may require the insurance company to file a corrective plan to bring it into compliance with the minimum requirement. Regulations regarding filing, coordinating, custody, utilization and destruction of the archives and documents relating to life insurance business have been in place since July 1, 2007.
Internal Control Assessment. In January 2006, the CIRC issued tentative rules on internal control assessment of life insurance companies to facilitate and supervise the companies to improve their awareness of, and strengthen their controls over, matters such as corporate governance in management, internal controls, and regulatory compliance in operations and risk management. Under the requirements of these tentative rules, life insurance companies must submit to the CIRC an internal control assessment form and an annual internal control assessment report each year. The CIRC will assess the internal control of life insurance companies within every three years, covering at least one third of the life insurance companies each year.
The CIRC notified life insurance companies in February 2008 of the requirements for processing the internal control self-assessment program and drafting the internal control self-assessment report. The CIRC also clarified and revised the detailed evaluation rules, including those relating to the soundness, reasonableness, and validity of the evaluation proportion. In December 2008, the CIRC notified insurance companies of an additional requirement to promptly file categorized regulatory information, and the authentication, accuracy and completeness which must be ensured by insurance companies. In March 2009, the CIRC further issued a circular on the roll-out of internal control self-assessment program by life insurance companies for the year of 2008. The internal control self-assessment report of year 2008, after review by the board of directors of a life insurance company, is required to be submitted to the CIRC or its local bureaus by April 30, 2009.
Regulation of insurance and annuity products generally.The
1995 insurance law provided that the basic terms and the rates of premiums of the principal commercial insurance offered by an insurance company will be set by a governmental authority (which today is the CIRC). The terms and rates of premiums of other types of insurance set by the insurance companies should be filed with the insurance regulatory bodies.The 2002 amendment to the insurance law changed the manner in which insurance products were regulated, giving insurance companies greater freedom to develop products to meet market needs. Under the 2002 amendment, the terms and the rates for premiums of new typetypes of life insurance, insurance products that affect social and public interests and insurance products that are mandatorily required by statute, are required to be submitted to the CIRC for approval. The 2009 PRC insurance law made no further changes in this respect. In determining whether or not to approve a product, the CIRC is required to consider whether the product adequately provides for the protection of social and public interests and whether it will prevent inappropriate competition. Other terms and the rates of premiums of other types of insurance products are required to be filed with the CIRC.insurance regulatory bodies.
56
Regulation of participating products.A participating product is one which the policyholder or annuitant is entitled to share in the distributable earnings of the insurer through “policy dividends”. The participation dividend may be in the form of a cash payment or an increase in the insured amount. At least 70% of the distributable earnings is required to be distributed as dividends. Participating products may not be sold or modified without the prior approval of the
CIRC. PolicyholdersCIRC, and
annuitants purchasingCIRC regulations govern disclosures that may be made regarding participating
products must be given, prior to purchase, an explanatory statement that explains the nature and special characteristics of the products, any fees due under the products, the method for allocating dividends under the product policy and the risks to the policyholder or annuitant from holding the product. Insurance companies are required to present in their sales promotional materials three scenarios covering high, medium and low returns for illustration. They are prohibited from making public announcements about the returns of their participating products and from making comparisons with participating, universal or investment-linked products offered by other insurance companies. If cash dividends are to be paid on participating products, the insurance company may not use rates of return or like ratios to describe the dividend.An insurance company that offers participating products is required to have a computer system that can support these kinds of products, and the agents who sell these products are required to complete a training course designed specially for these products. Investment accounts for participating products are required to be segregated from those of non-participating products as well as from those of supplemental insurance that is added to the participating products.
Insurance companies offering participating products are required to file an annual report with the CIRC. The insurance company is also required to provide a performance report to the holders of its participating products at least once a year, setting forth specified financial and other information regarding the products.
Regulation of investment-linked products.An investment-linked product is one which insures the policyholder or annuitant against one or more separate risks and at the same time gives the policyholder or annuitant an interest in one or more separate investment accounts. Investment-linked products may not be sold or amended without the prior approval of the CIRC.
Persons purchasing an investment-linked product must be given, prior to purchase, an explanatory statement that explains the nature and special characteristics of the policy, the risks to the purchaser of holding the product, the investment strategy of the separate investment account, the investment account’s performance for the past ten years (or, if shorter, since the date of inception), the applicable fees payable under the product policy and how they are determined, the method of valuation of the assets in the investment account and the future policy or contract value which may accrue from the investment account. Insurance companies are required to present three scenarios covering high, medium and low returns for illustration.
The establishment of separate investment accounts is subject to the CIRC’s approval. Transactions between a separate investment account and any other account of the insurance company, other than a transfer of cash to pay for operating expenses of the separate investment account, are prohibited.
The insurance law prohibits investment managers of a separate investment account from engaging in an investment management business similar in nature to Other CIRC regulations govern the management of the investment account, enter into transactions with the investment account or take any action which adversely affects the investment account. Agents who sell investment-linked products are required to pass a training course designed specially for these products.
An insurance company offering products with separate investment accounts is required to evaluate monthly the unit value of each investment accountsale and publish a semi-annual notice which includes the financial condition of each investment account, the investment returns in the past five years (or, if shorter, since the date of inception), the investment portfolio as of the date of the report, the management fees charged in the report period and any change in the investment strategy or policy during the period. The insurance company is required to provide an annual report to the holders setting forth information regarding the product.
An insurance company offering products with separate investment accounts is required to submit to the CIRC annual financial reports regarding the investment accounts. In addition, the insurance company must notify the CIRC if on any day the net redemptions from an investment account exceed 1% or more of the total value of the account on the previous day. If the cumulative redemptions since the beginning of a fiscal year reach or exceed 30% of the value of the account at the beginning of the year, or if there have been sustained losses which the investment manager believes to be irreversible or will probably cause serious harm to the interests of policyholders, the insurance company may seek the approval of the CIRC to close the investment account.
Since March 2007, new actuarial rules have applied to investment-linked insurance products. Under the new rules, the sum insured for death risks of an investment-linked insurance product with pension option or a group investment-linked insurance product may be set as zero, while the sum set for an individual investment-linked insurance product should account for no less than 5% of the account value of the insurance policy at the time the policy is issued. There can be no guaranteed minimum rate for investment return from investment-linked insurance and investment account. An insurance company should evaluate the assets in the investment account at least once a week. The capital value of each investment account shall be no lower than the amount of the unit reserve corresponding to such investment account, nor shall the excess amount be higher than 2% of the capital value of the investment account or RMB5 million, whichever is bigger. No investment-linked insurance product, other than those in compliance with regulatory requirements with respect to investment account evaluation,
appraisal of investment unit, and deposit of statutory reserves, may be sold as of October 1, 2007. Insurance companies selling investment-linked products are required to intensify the management of sales people to avoid misleading sales activities. For example, if a sales agent is proved to conduct misleading sales activities in more than two occasions, the sales agent should be prohibited by the insurance company from selling investment-linked insurance products any longer.
The CIRC issued a circular in January 2009 to strengthen the managementdisclosure terms of investment-linked insurance sales, requiring that an investment-linked insurance salesperson must have qualification certificate, at least one year experience in life insurance and no record of misconduct. The salesperson is also required to undergo at least 40 hours of training, and the insurance company must establish a risk assessment mechanism.
products.
Regulation of pension insuranceinsurance.. As provided in the administration measures for the pension insurance business issued by the CIRC in November 2007, aA life insurance company or a pension insurance company, as approved by the CIRC, may engage in individual and group pension insurance business. The pension insurance
clausesterms and premium
raterates determined by an insurance company must be filed with or approved by the CIRC in accordance with its regulatory provisions.
The contentOther CIRC regulations govern the sale and disclosure terms of
the description, recommendation, or marketing brochure and other information disclosed with respect to a pension
insurance product shall be consistent with the related provisions in the insurance policy. An insurance company is prohibited from misleading applicants by making hyperbole claims about the benefits of the product, either directly or indirectly, or by promising a floor interest rate higher than the interest rate stipulated in the insurance clauses. When selling a pension insurance product over which an applicant has a right to choose the investment form, an insurance company must, before the applicant chooses an investment form, notify the applicant of the investment risks in writing and the written notice must be signed by the applicant. An insurance company selling participating, universal and investment-linked pension insurance products is required to send the policy state report, performance report and other related materials to each applicant, insurant and/or beneficiary in accordance with the requirements of the CIRC. An insurance company must issue an insurance certificate to each insurant concerned with a group pension insurance contract. The insurance certificate must bear the insurance liability specified in the group pension insurance contract and the contractual rights and interests enjoyed by the insurants. When selling an individual pension insurance product, an insurance company must give a demonstration to each applicant showing the amount of each old-age pension contained in the product to be obtained by the applicant. For an applicant purchasing large-sum individual pension insurance, the insurance company is required to check his financial status, payment capacity and other relevant financial aspects.insurance.
Regulation of enterprise annuity planfunds.. According to the administrative measures for the pension insurance business issued by the CIRC in November 2007 and relevant administrative measures on the enterprise annuity fund issued by the PRC Ministry of Labor and Social Security in February 2004 and December 2004, subjectSubject to the approval of the PRC Ministry of
LaborHuman Resources and Social Security, insurance companies may serve as the trustee, account manager and investment manager for enterprise annuity funds.
The trustee is primarily responsible for the selection and replacement of the account manager, custodian bank, investment manager and the other intermediaries of the enterprise annuity fund, the establishment of the investment strategies and the preparation of management reports and financial reports. The account manager is primarily responsible for the opening of an enterprise account and personal account of an enterprise annuity fund to record the enterprise contribution, employee contribution and investment proceeds of an enterprise annuity fund, and the account manager is also required to submit the periodical management reports of an enterprise annuity fund account to the trustee and competent regulatory bodies. The investment manager is primarily responsible for the investment of the enterprise annuity fund property and the periodical submission of investment management reports to the trustee and competent regulatory bodies. China Life Pension obtained the qualification to serve as trustee and account manager of enterprise annuity fund on November 19, 2007. AMC obtained the qualification to serve as the investment manager of enterprise annuity fund on August 1, 2005.
Regulation of health insurance. PursuantSubject to
the newly implemented health insurance rules issuedapproval by the CIRC,
in August 2006, life insurance companies
and health insurance companies established in accordance withapplicable laws may subject to verification by the CIRC, engage in health insurance business. Other insurance companies may, subject to verificationapproval by the CIRC, engage in short-term health insurance business.
From January 1, 2007, sale of health insurance products which fail to comply with the specified product requirements set forth in the newly implemented health insurance rules is prohibited. In addition, insurance companies engaged in health insurance business must establish actuarial, accounting calculation, underwriting and other required internal systems by January 1, 2008.
Insurance companies engaged in health insurance business are required to submit an actuarial report or reserve assessment report for the preceding year in accordance with the relevant provisions of the CIRC. Insurance companies must also submit a pricing review report to the CIRC before March 15 of each year regarding the short-term health insurance products, as well as the claims and payments for the short-term health insurance products available for sale for more than one year in the preceding year.
Foreign exchange denominated insurance.Insurance companies may seek approval from the CIRC and the SAFE to engage in foreign exchange denominated insurance and reinsurance businesses. This will allow life insurance companiesbusinesses, allowing them to offer products to non-Chinese policyholders or for non-Chinese beneficiaries, as well as policies covering accidents and illnesses which occur outside China, together with related reinsurance.
Statutory reinsurance. All insurance companies were required to reinsure 5% of the risks insured under insurance policies, other than life insurance products, underwritten by them. This requirement began to be phased out beginning in 2003 and was abolished entirely at the beginning of 2006. Insurance companies are required to reinsure, for any single risk, the excess of the maximum potential liability over an amount equal to 10% of the sum of paid-in capital and capital reserves. As a safeguard, the reinsurer of any reinsurance agreement commencing after January 1, 2008 is required to comply with the provisions published by the CIRC in November 2007 with respect to minimum paid-in capital, financial credit rating, solvency and profitability.57
Regulation of issuance of subordinated debts. Beginning in September 2004, insurance companies that meet a series of qualification tests and are approved by the CIRC may issue subordinated debts with a fixed term of at least five years to certain qualified Chinese legal persons and foreign investors. The audited net asset value of the issuer must be at least RMB500 million as of the end of the prior year and the total amount of the unpaid debts at any given point after the issuance, including both principal and interest, must not exceed the issuer’s net asset value as of the end of the prior year. The issuer must fulfil a set of disclosure obligations both at the time of the issuance and during the term of the debts. The issuer may repay the debts only if its solvency ratio remains at least 100% after the repayment of both principal and the interest.
Regulation of establishment of overseas insurance institutions. An insurance company may apply to the CIRC for approval for the establishment of overseas branches, overseas insurance companies and overseas insurance intermediaries, or the acquisition of overseas insurance companies or intermediaries. In order to submit such an application, an insurance company must have an operating history of no less than two years, total assets of no less than RMB5 billion at the end of preceding year and foreign exchange funds of no less than USD 15 million or its equivalent in other freely convertible currencies as at the end of the preceding year. The applicant insurance company must also comply with applicable solvency, risk management and other requirements as stipulated by the CIRC.
Regulation of investments. The 1995
Permitted investments.As a Chinese life insurance
law requires insurance companiescompany, we are subject to
invest their fundssignificant restrictions under the PRC Insurance Law and other related rules and regulations on the asset classes in
a sound and prudent manner with the dual objective of seeking a return and preservation of capital. It significantly restricts the investmentswhich we are permitted to invest. Currently Chinese life insurance companies are allowed to
make. Insuranceinvest their funds
may be invested only in bank deposits, Chinese government bonds, government agency bonds issued by quasi-sovereign policy banks of the Chinese government, as well as other investment vehicles approved by the State Council, such as bonds of specified large state-owned enterprises. The 1995 insurance law specifically prohibits insurance companies from establishing any entity engaged in the
securities businesses and from investing in enterprises.Since 1999,followings, subject to the CIRC has implemented a gradual but deliberate regulatory expansionsatisfaction of insurance company investment powers.
Beginning in August 1999, insurance companies which were authorized to become membersconditions prescribed for each form of the inter-bank market were permitted to engage in purchases and sales of Chinese government bonds and government agency bonds in that market. Beginning in October 1999, insurance companies were allowed to invest in qualified domestic securities investment funds. The amount of investment assets that may be so invested by an insurance company may not exceed a percentage of its total assets as of the end of the prior year as prescribed by the CIRC. The investment in any one fund on a cost basis may not exceed 20% of the maximum amount that may be invested in securities investment funds, and that investment may not account for more than 10% of the fund. These quantitative restrictions were relaxed in January 2003. Since then, the amounts of investment assets that may be so invested by an insurance company may not exceed 15% of its total assets as of the end of the prior month. The investment in any one fund on a cost basis may not exceed 3% of the insurance total assets as of the end of the prior month. The investment in any one closed-end fund may not account for more than 10% of the fund. Notwithstanding the foregoing, insurance companies may invest up to 100% of the assets of one of the investment accounts relating to investment-linked products, up to 80% of the assets of the investment accounts relating to universal life products and up to 15% of the investment assets relating to participating products as of the prior month in qualified domestic securities investment funds.
investment:
| • | | bank deposits; |
|
| • | | Chinese government bonds; |
|
| • | | government agency bonds (including local government bonds issued and repaid by the Ministry of Finance as agent, central bank notes, financial bonds issued by state-owned policy banks of the Chinese government, and RMB-denominated bonds issued by international development institutions); |
|
| • | | corporate bonds (including financial bonds issued by commercial banks, corporate bonds, convertible corporate bonds, short-term financing bonds and medium-term notes); |
|
| • | | subordinated bonds and debt (including subordinated bonds issued by state-owned policy banks of the Chinese government, subordinated bonds issued by commercial banks, fixed term subordinated debt issued by commercial banks and fixed term subordinated debt issued by insurance companies.); |
|
| • | | other bonds and debts as approved by relevant government agencies; |
|
| • | | policy loans; |
|
| • | | Chinese securities investment funds; |
|
| • | | RMB-denominated common shares listed on PRC stock exchanges; |
|
| • | | indirect investments in infrastructure projects; |
|
| • | | equity interests of non-listed Chinese commercial banks; |
|
| • | | repurchase and resale agreements; |
|
| • | | overseas investments; and |
|
| • | | other investment channels as approved by the State Council. |
Bank deposits.In October 1999, insurance companies were authorized to make deposits in commercial banks at negotiated rates, provided that the deposits have terms longer than five years and are in amounts of no less than
RMB30RMB 30 million. The “jumbo” deposits generally bear more attractive interest rates than interest rates on “regular” deposits, which are subject to regulation by the central bank.
The 2002 amendment of the insurance law allows insurance companies to invest in insurance companies, asset management companies (restricted to managing insurance company assets)
Chinese government bonds, government agency bonds and other insurance-related enterprises upon receipt of regulatory approval from the CIRC.Prior to June 2003, insurance companies were only allowed to invest in corporate bonds issued by four types of government enterprises: railway development, the Three Gorges Dam construction project and enterprises in the telecommunications and power generation sectors. Furthermore, the total amount of these investments was limited to no more than 10% of an insurer’s total assets, and the total investment in any single issue of these four categories of bonds could not exceed 2% of the total assets of the insurer or 10% of the issue, whichever is lower. In June 2003, insurance companies were authorized to invest in any corporate bond provided that the bond has a rating AA or higher from China Chengxin International Credit Rating Co., Ltd., Dagong Global Credit Rating Agency, China Lianhe Credit Rating Co., Ltd., Shanghai Far East Credit Rating Co., Ltd. or other credit rating agencies approved by the CIRC, and its issuance has been authorized by the PRC securities regulators. Beginning in July 2004, insurance companies have been further allowed to invest in convertible bonds issued by qualified listed companies and certain key state-owned enterprises, which have been approved by the PRC securities regulators. An insurer’s total investment in all corporate bonds, including convertible bonds, on a cost basis may not exceed 20% of its total assets as of the end of the prior month. Furthermore, the total investment in any single issue of corporate bonds may not exceed the lower of 2% of the total assets of the insurer as of the end of the prior month and 15% of the issue. Notwithstanding the foregoing, up to 100% of the assets of one of the investment accounts relating to investment-linked products and up to 80% of the assets of the investment accounts relating to universal life products may be invested in approved corporate bonds. Up to 20% of the investment assets relating to participating and other separately accounted products as of the end of the prior month may be invested in approved corporate bonds.
In March 2004, insurance companies were allowed to invest in subordinated debts issued by wholly state-owned commercial banks and national joint-stock commercial banks which have fixed terms of six years or less. An insurer’s total investment in bank subordinated debts on a cost basis may not exceed 8% (and 2% in any single bank) of its total assets as of the end of the prior month, and the total investment in any single issue of such bank subordinated debts may not exceed 20% of the issue.
Beginning in June 2004, insurance companies have been further allowed to invest in subordinated bonds issued by any commercial bank in connection with either a public offering or a private placement which has been approved by the China Banking Regulatory Commission and the PBOC. An insurer’s total investment in bank subordinated bonds on a cost basis may not exceed 15% (and 3% in any single bank) of its total assets asstate-owned policy banks of the end of the prior month, and the total investment in any single issue may not exceed 20% of the issue.
Concurrently with the authorized issuance of subordinated debts by insurance companies, insurance companies have also been permitted to invest in subordinated debts issued by other insurance companies, beginning in September 2004. An insurer’s total investment in insurance company subordinated debts on a cost basis may not exceed 20% (and 4% in any single issuer) of its net assets as of the end of the prior month, and the total investment in any single issue may not exceed 20% of the issue.
The PRC insurance law, as amended on February 28, 2009, allows insurance companies to invest in bank accounts, bonds, stocks, shares of securities investment funds or other securities, real properties and other ways specified by the State Council. The general prohibition against investing in securities sector and securities enterprises other than insurance-related enterprises provided under the PRC insurance law (as amended in 2002) has been removed.
Investment in debt securities.On August 17, 2005, the CIRC issued tentative rules on investments in debt securities by insurance companies to consolidate and further loosen the restrictions on the investments in debt securities by insurance companies.
Chinese Government Bonds, Government Agency Bonds and Subordinated Bonds and RMB-denominated bonds issued by International Development Institutions.government.Insurance companies may invest in Chinese government bonds, local government agency bonds issued and repaid by the Ministry of Finance as agent, central bank notes, financial bonds issued by state-owned policy banks of the Chinese government and subordinated bonds, as well as RMB-denominated bonds issued by international development institutions. There are no CIRC prescribed maximum percentage of investments by insurance companies in these bonds.
Financial Bondsbonds and Subordinated Bondssubordinated bond issued by Commercial Banks.commercial banks.Insurance companies may invest in financial bonds and subordinated bonds issued by any qualified commercial bank in connection with either a public offering or a private placement. An insurer’s total investment in commercial bank financial bonds and subordinated bonds on a cost basis may not exceed 30% (and 10% in any single bank) of its total assets as of the end of the priorprevious quarter. The total investment in any single issue by a commercial bank with a credit rating of AA or above may not exceed 20% of the issue, and the balance of such investment may not exceed 5% of the total assets of such insurer as of the end of the previous quarter. The total investment in any single issue by a commercial bank with a credit rating of A or aboveits equivalent may not exceed 10% of the issue, and the balance of such investment may not exceed 3% of the total assets of such insurer as of the end of the previous quarter.
58
Subordinated debtsFixed term subordinated debt issued by Commercial Banks and Insurance Companies.commercial banks.Insurance companies may invest in subordinated
debtsdebt issued by
wholly state-owned commercial banks and national joint-stock commercial banks which have fixed terms of six years or less.
AnThe balance of an insurer’s total investment in
fixed term commercial bank subordinated
debts on a cost basisdebt may not exceed 8% (and 5% in any single bank) of its total assets as of the end of the
priorprevious quarter. The total investment in any single issue of
suchfixed term commercial bank subordinated
debtsdebt may not exceed 10% of the issue, and the balance of such investment may not exceed 3% of
itsthe total assets
of such insurer as of the end of the previous quarter.
Fixed term subordinated debt issued by insurance companies.Insurance companies may also invest in subordinated
debtsdebt issued by other insurance companies that are not controlling, controlled by or under common control with, the investing insurance
companies. Ancompany. The balance of an insurer’s total investment in
fixed term insurance company subordinated
debts on a cost basisdebt may not exceed 20% (and 4% in any single issuer) of its net assets as of the end of the previous quarter. The total investment in any single issue may not exceed 20% of the issue, and the balance of such investment may not exceed 1% of
itsthe net assets
of such insurer as of the end of the previous quarter.
Corporate Bonds, Convertible Bonds and Short-term Financing Bonds.bonds.Insurance companies may invest in corporate bonds issued by qualified enterprises with long-term rating of AA or above.non-financial institutions. The total amount of investmentsinvestment in all such corporate bonds on a cost basis may not exceed 30%40% (and 10% in any single issuer) of an insurer’s total assets as of the end of the previous quarter. An
Convertible corporate bonds.The balance of an insurer’s
totalinvestments in convertible corporate bonds will be included in the balance of corporate bonds. The balance of an insurer’s investment in
convertible corporate bonds issued by any single
issuecompany will be included in the balance of the same corporate bonds, and may not exceed
if with irrevocable guarantees by qualified guarantors, 20% of the issue and the balance10% of such
investment may not exceed 5% of itsinsurer’s total assets as of the end of the previous quarter,
and, if without such guarantees, 10% and 3%, respectively.Insurance companies may also invest in convertible bonds issued by qualified listed companies and certain key state-owned enterprises,among which have been approved by the PRC securities regulators. An insurer’s total investment in all suchbalance of corporate bonds including convertible bonds, on a cost basis may not exceed 30% (and 10% in any single issuer, among which 5% attributable to convertible bonds) of its total assets as of the end of the previous quarter. An insurer’s total investment in any single issue of convertible corporate bonds may not exceed if with irrevocable guarantees by qualified guarantors, 20% of the issue, and the balance of such investment may not exceed 3% of its total assets as of the end of the previous quarter, and, if without such guarantees, 10% and 1%, respectively.
Insurance companies may investthe guarantor meets one of the following conditions: (1) it is a financial institution with a credit rating of AA as assessed by a domestic credit rating agency in short-term financial bonds issued by qualified non-financial institutions. Anthe previous year, or (2) it is an enterprise with net assets of RMB 20 billion as of the end of the previous year. If the guarantor does meet any of the foregoing conditions, an insurer’s total investment in all such corporate bonds, including short-term financial bonds, on a cost basisany single issue may not exceed 30% (and 10% in any single issuer, among which 3% attributable to short-term financial bonds)of the issue, and the balance of such investment may not exceed 1% of its total assets as of the end of the previous quarter.
Short-term financing bonds.The balance of an insurer’s investment in short-term financing bonds will be included in the balance of corporate bonds. The balance of short-term financing bonds may not exceed 10% of an insurer’s total assets as of the end of the previous quarter. The balance of an insurer’s investment in the short-term financing bonds issued by any single corporation will be included in the balance of the same corporate bond and may not exceed 10% of such insurer’s total assets as of the end of the previous quarter, among which the balance of short-term financing bonds may not exceed 3% of its total assts as of the end of the previous quarter. An insurer’s total investment in any single issue may not exceed the lower of 10% of the issue, and the balance of such investment may not exceed 3% of its total assets as of the end of the previous quarter.
59
Medium-term notes.The balance of an insurer’s investment in unsecured bonds, such as medium-term notes, may not exceed 15% of its total assets as of the end of the previous quarter.
Bonds.The total amount of investments
on a cost basis by an
insurance companiesinsurer in various
debt securities,bonds issued or guaranteed by any single institution, excluding
Chinese government bonds and government agency bonds and subordinated bonds,
issued or guaranteed by any single institution, may not exceed 20% of
itsthe total assets
of such insurer as of the end of previous quarter.
Up to 100% of the assets of one of the investment accounts relating to investment-linked products and up to 80% of the assets of the investment accounts relating to universal life products may be invested in
approved financial bonds and subordinated bonds issued by commercial banks and corporate bonds.
In January 2007, the CIRC issued a set of guidelines for credit rating of debt
Chinese securities investment by insurers, requiring the insurance companies to conduct an internal credit rating of all types of debt securities invested in, except for investments in Chinese government bonds, central bank notes and other bonds as recognized by the CIRC. Insurers are also required to establish and develop an internal credit rating system and file the same with the CIRC in a timely manner. The credit rating department of an insurer shall comprise of at least two professionals with financial knowledge and capabilities. The credit rating reports produced shall be submitted to relevant departments for use and the risk management department shall supervise the use of such credit rating results.Overseas Investment.funds.Beginning in August 2004, a qualified life insurance company may invest abroad its foreign currency denominated insurance funds in bank deposits or debt securities with specified credit ratings and a limited number of other instruments. Total investments in debt securities issued by any single corporation or enterprise may not exceed on a cost basis 10% of the total quota approved by the SAFE. In June 2005, the CIRC further broadened the permitted overseas investments to include shares of Chinese companies listed on the stock exchanges in New York, London, Frankfurt, Tokyo, Singapore and Hong Kong. The total amount of overseas investments in shares of Chinese companies may not exceed 10% of an insurance company’s total approved quota, and the investments in a single Chinese company by an insurance company may not exceed 5% of the its total shares issued and outstanding. In January 2005, we submitted an application to allow us to make such overseas investments and obtained such approval in November 2006.
With the announcement of No. 5 circular by the PBOC in April 2006, qualified insuranceInsurance companies are allowed to invest in overseas products with fixed proceeds and currency market instruments.qualified domestic securities investment funds. The Interim
Measures for the Overseas Investment with Insurance Funds were implemented in June 2007, under which the requirements for overseas investment by insurance companies and the qualifications to act as investment agents and custodian have been broadened. Insurance companies in good standing, steady financial condition, good corporate governance, and without any violation of relevant laws or regulations during the past three years may engage qualified agents (insurance asset management companies or other professional investment management institution) established in or outside China to make investments abroad and appoint one qualified commercial bank or other custody institution as the custodian to supervise such investments. The overseas investment activities of, and the appointment of agents and custodian by, the insurance company are subject to the CIRC’s approval. In addition, the foreign currency quota for investment must be approved by the SAFE and the total amount of investment assets that may be so invested by an insurer may not exceed 15% of theits total assets of the insurance company as of the end of last year.
Thethe prior month. An investment in any single fund may not exceed 3% of its total assets as of the end of the previous month. An investment in any single closed-end fund may not account for more than 10% of the fund. Notwithstanding the foregoing, insurance fundscompanies may invest in the following categories:
currency market products, e.g., commercial instruments, large-sum negotiable deposit certificates, repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements, and fundsup to 100% of the currency market;
assets of an investment account relating to investment-linked products, with fixed proceeds, e.g., bank deposits, structural deposits, bonds, convertible bonds, bond funds, securities-featuredup to 80% of an assets of an investment account relating to universal life products credit-featured products; and
equity up to 15% of the investment assets relating to participating products e.g., stocks, stock-based funds, equityas of the previous month in qualified domestic securities investment funds.
RMB-denominated common shares and equity-linked products (provided that major equity investments are subject to the CIRC approval).
listed on PRC stock exchanges.Insurance companies are prohibited from conducting the following activities with insurance funds:
to provide any guarantee to any party with any insurance funds used for overseas investment;
to purchase or sell any foreign currency for speculative purposes;
to seek any illicit proceeds in collusion with any other organization or individual through its overseas investment with insurance funds; or
to conduct any activity as prohibited by domestic or overseas laws or regulations.
Investment in listed stock markets. In October 2004, the CIRC issued a new regulation further authorizing insurance companiesallowed to invest their insurance funds in publicly offered and listed equity securitiesshares which are denominated and traded in RenminbiRMB and other stock market investments. Such stock market investments may be made by an insurer directly or through an insurance asset management company, and may be made at primary market offering stage or through secondary market trading.
Up to 10% of the amount of an insurer’s total assets as of the end of the previous quarter, and excluding assets relating to investment-linked and universal life products, may be invested in the stock market. Up to 100% of the assets of an investment account relating to investment-linked products on a cost basis may be invested in the stock market. Up to 80% of the assets of an investment account relating to universal life products may be invested in the stock market.
In addition, the balance of an insurer’s investment cost in any single listed company’s shares may not exceed 5% of the maximum amount that may be invested in the stock market. An insurer’s investment in the shares of listed companies which are leaders in their respective industries with relatively higher profitability, dividend levels and rates of return on net assets may not exceed 10% of the maximum amount that may be invested in the stock market, such investments must be filed with the CIRC. An insurer’s investment in any single listed company’s shares may not exceed 10% of the total share capital of such listed company. Any investment exceeding 5% of a listed company’s total share capital must be filed with the CIRC. An insurer may not invest in a listed company or any of its affiliates if the listed company holds directly or indirectly 10% or more of the equity interest of the insurer.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, up to 100% of the assets of an investment account relating to investment-linked products, up to 80% of the assets of an investment account relating to universal life products, and up to 5% of the maximum amount of the total assets that may be invested in the stock market as of the end of the prior year, excluding assets relating to investment-linked and universal life products, all at cost basis, may be accounted for stock market investments.
In addition, the total investment in listed companies with fewer than 100 million public shares may not exceed 20% of the maximum amount that may be invested in the stock market, including such amount relating to investment-linked and universal life products. Investment in the public shares of any one listed company may not exceed 5% of the maximum amount that may be invested in stock market on a cost basis, including such amount relating to participating and universal life products, and may not exceed 10% of the total public portion or 5% of the total equity, whichever is lower, of the listed company. The calculation of the above percentages shall take into consideration the number of common shares as a result of the conversion of the convertible bonds.
An insurer is prohibited from investing in any problematic securities that have been identified by the CIRC and is prohibited from engaging in insider trading and other manipulative and illegal activities. Life insurance companies must strictly follow a set of risk control measures prescribed by the CIRC in making such stock market investment.investments.
60
Indirect investmentinvestments in infrastructure projects.Beginning in March 2006, insurance companies were allowed to invest, indirectly, in infrastructure projects.
In April 2009, the CIRC issued the Circular on Investment of Insurance
funds must be entrusted to trustee companies and investedFund in
accordance withInfrastructure Bond Investment Plans, which provides that the
instructionsbalance of
the insurance companies and by and in the names of the trustee companies. Aa life insurance
companycompany’s investment in bond investment plans may
invest in infrastructure projects, on cost basis, up to 5%not exceed 6% of its total assets as of the
previous quarter. The amountend of the
previous quarter, and the balance of investment
on a cost basis, by a life insurance company in
each infrastructure projectany single bond investment plan may not exceed
20%40% of
the total budget of such project.Equityits assets available for investment in bond investment plans.
Equity investments in unlisted commercial banks.In October 2006, the CIRC further expanded the scope of permitted investments to include equity interests in non-listed commercial banks, including state-owned commercial banks, joint stock commercial banks and city commercial banks in China. Such investments are either categorized as “ordinary
investment”investments”, for
the investments
amounting to less than 5% of the bank’s share capital or paid-in capital, or as “material
investment”investments”, for investments exceeding 5% of the bank’s share capital or paid-in capital. For purposes of such investment, an insurer may use its corporate capital, liability reserves with a liability term of over 10 years
as well as other funds as recognized by the CIRC. Such liability reserves exclude(other than the funds invested in investment-linked and universal life products and other financial management type insurance
products. An insurance asset management company may be entrusted to make investments in commercial banks.products), as well as other funds recognized by the CIRC.
The aggregate of ordinary and material investments in
the banks may not exceed 3% of an insurer’s total
assets at the end of the previous year. The balance of ordinaryassets. Ordinary investments in a single bank may not exceed 1% of an insurer’s total
assets at the end of the previous year. In addition, the balance of other materialassets. Material investments
isare required to be submitted to the CIRC for approval and
the balance of corporate capital applied to material investments may not exceed 40% of the insurer’s paid-in capital as at the end of the previous year, minus accumulated losses. Insurers intending to invest in commercial banks using financing facilities must
be approvedseek prior approval by the CIRC.
The insurers
Insurers must also satisfy certain requirements, such as good corporate governance, effective risk control, profitability
solvency and
compliancesolvency requirements, before they can make investments in banks. For material investments,
the insurers are further required to be able to accurately assess the performance and risks of the target bank. If an insurer wishes to purchase a 5%—10% stake in a commercial bank, the insurer must have total assets at the end of the previous year of no less than
RMB20RMB 20 billion (in the case of an insurance holding company) or
RMB100RMB 100 billion (in the case of an insurance operating company). For investments greater than 10%, the applicable minimum assets test increases to
RMB30RMB 30 billion (in the case of an insurance holding company) or
RMB150RMB 150 billion respectively (in the case of an insurance operating company). We are qualified under these rules to make investments for more than
a 10% ownership
stake in a commercial bank.
In principle, an insurer may not make material investment in more than two commercial banks.
To exit an investment in a commercial bank, an insurer is required to file with the CIRC for the transfer of an ordinary investment and to obtain CIRC approval for a transfer of a material investment. In the event the bank equity owned by an insurer is converted into tradable shares, the cost for acquiring such bank equity is required to be booked as part of the insurer’s stock market investment,investments, which needsneed to comply with CIRC rules in respect thereof. If the specified stock investment percentage is exceeded,
Repurchase and resale agreements.For an insurer must make necessary adjustment within a specified time period to observecarrying out bond repurchase transactions, the balance of the fund from financing activities may not exceed 20% of its total assets as of the end of the previous quarter if the insurer’s solvency ratio meets the regulatory requirements, and 10% if the insurer’s solvency ratio does not meet the regulatory requirements. The balance of the fund used for resale activities for any single transaction counterparty may not exceed 20% of the insurer’s net assets as of the end of the previous quarter and 20% of the transaction counterparty’s net assets as of the end of the previous year.
61
Overseas investments.The Tentative Measures for the Administration of Overseas Investment of Insurance Funds, which was issued in June 2007, allows insurance funds to be invested abroad in the following categories:
| • | | currency market products such as commercial paper, negotiable deposits, repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements and currency market funds; |
|
| • | | fixed income instruments such as bank deposits, structured deposits, bonds, convertible bonds, bond funds, securitization products and trust products; |
|
| • | | equity investments such as stocks, stock investment funds, equities and equity-type products; and |
|
| • | | other investments permitted by the PRC Insurance Law and the State Council. |
As at the date of this annual report, the implementation rules of these measures have not been officially promulgated.
The total amount of overseas investments may not exceed 15% of the total assets of the insurance company as of the end of the previous year, and the total amount actually invested may not exceed the foreign currency investment quota approved by the SAFE. An insurance company must comply with relevant CIRC regulations regarding the quantitative restrictions
on investments in
case of an ordinary investment. For materialany single entity. Material equity investments
must be approved by the
CIRC will issue separate provisions therefor.CIRC.
Solvency requirements.
In March 2003, the CIRC introduced a new standard, the solvency ratio, to measure the financial soundness of life insurance companies to provide better policyholder protection under a system of corrective regulatory action.
Since September 1, 2008, theThe standard for calculation of solvency ratio
standard was
replacedfurther revised by
a new standard.According to the Solvency Management Rules for Insurance Companies, effective fromCIRC in September 1, 2008,2008. The solvency ratio of an insurance company is required to have capital that corresponds to its risks and business scale and shall ensure its solvency ratio be no less than 100%. The solvency ratio, namely thea measure of capital adequacy, rate,which is calculated by dividing the ratio between an insurance company’s actual capital and minimum capital.
Actual capital refers toof the margin between the recognizedcompany (which is its admissible assets i.e., assets recognized by an insurance companyless admissible liabilities, determined in accordance with relevant CIRC provisions when assessing its solvency, andrules) by the recognized liabilities, i.e., liabilities recognized by an insurance company under CIRC provisions when assessing its solvency. Minimumminimum capital refers to the amount of capital that an insurance companyit is required to have under the CIRC rules to counter the impact that assets and insurance acceptance risks have on the solvency of the company.
meet.
The minimum capital of a life insurance company is the sum of
theits minimum capital
of long-term life insurance, i.e., insurance term exceeding one year, and the minimum capital offor its short-term
life insurance, i.e., insurance forbusiness (policies having a term of one year or
less.less from the date of issuance) and the minimum capital for its long-term business (policies having a term of more than one year from the date of issuance). The standard for calculation of the minimum capital was further revised by the CIRC in January 2010.
The minimum capital for a life insurance company’s short-term business is the higher of:
| • | | 18% of the portion of net premium received in the most recent fiscal year net of business tax and other surcharges which is not in excess of RMB 100 million, plus 16% of the portion which are in excess of RMB 100 million; and |
|
| • | | 26% of the portion of the average annual claims payments during the most recent three fiscal years which is not in excess of RMB 70 million, plus 23% of the portion which is in excess of RMB 70 million. |
62
The minimum capital for its long-term
life insurancebusiness is the sum
of the following:of: 1% of end-of-term obligation reserves for investment-linked insurance business;
| • | | 4% of the period-end reserves for insurance risks after unbundling of mixed insurance contracts; |
|
| • | | 4% of the period-end reserves for insurance contracts; |
|
| • | | 1% of the liabilities for other risks after unbundling of investment-linked insurance contracts; |
|
| • | | 4% of the liabilities for other risks after unbundling of other mixed insurance contracts; |
|
| • | | 4% of the liabilities for insurance policies which do not pass the tests for significant insurance risks; |
|
| • | | 0.1% of the total sums at risk under term life policies, the coverage period of which expires within three years; |
|
| • | | 0.15% of the total sums at risk under term life policies, the coverage period of which expires within three to five years; |
|
| • | | 0.3% of the total sums at risk under term life policies, the coverage period of which will not expire within five years; |
|
| • | | 0.3% of the total sums at risk under whole life policies; and |
|
| • | | 0.3% of the sums at risk of all other insurance and annuity products with a coverage period longer than one year. |
4% of end-of-term obligation reserves for other insurance businesses;
0.1% of the total amount at risk under term life policies, the coverage period of which is less than three years;
0.15% of the total amount at risk under term life policies, the coverage period of which ranges from three to five years; and
0.3% of the total amount at risk under term life policies and other insurance policies, the coverage period of which does not exceed five years.
The minimum capital of short-term life insurance is calculated in accordance with the capital appraisal standard for non-life insurance business.
An insurance company must, in accordance with the relevant rules of the CIRC on the preparation and submission of insurance company solvency reports, prepare and submit solvency reports and ensure the authenticity, accuracy, completeness and compliance of the information reported.
Where an insurance company becomes insolvent at any time other than the regular report dates, the board of directors and the management of the insurance company must, within 5 working days subsequent to being aware of the insolvency, report to the CIRC and take effective actions to improve its solvency.
An insurance company with a solvency ratio below 100% may be subject to a range of regulatory actions by the CIRC. The CIRC may in such as
ordering itsituations require the insurance company to, increaseamong other things, raise additional share capital, or restrictinglimit paying dividends on its shares, limit the distribution of dividends to shareholders;
limiting the salariesremuneration and work-related expensesexpense accounts of its directors and senior management;
limiting commercial advertising;
restrictingmanagement, restrict its advertising activities, restrict the establishment of additional branch institutions, limiting theoffices and business scope, ordering it tooperations, cease any new business development, to transfer theits insurance business to others or arrange to have business ceded;
ordering it to auction offseek reinsurance of its insurance obligations, sell its assets or restricting its purchaserestrict the acquisition of fixed assets;
restrictingassets, limit the channels for using its use of capital;
rearrangingcapital, change its principal and relevant management personnel;
taking other supervision and administrative measures whichteam or put the CIRC deems necessary.
insurer into receivership.If the solvency ratio is between 100% and 150%, the CIRC may require an insurance company
with such solvency ratio to submit and implement a plan on the prevention of inadequate solvency.
ForWhere there is any significant insolvency risk in an insurance company with
a solvency ratio between 100% and 150% or higher than 150%, the CIRC
hasmay require the
right to require such insurance company to
make rectification,take corrective actions or take
necessary supervision and administrative measures against it, where there is significant risk of insolvency.Since June 2007,other regulatory actions as the CIRC has commenceddeems necessary.
Insurance companies are required to
set up a Solvency Supervisory Standard Commissioncalculate and
published afterwards a series of related rules so asreport annually and quarterly to
reinforce the
supervision over theCIRC their solvency
of the insurance industry.level. In addition,
an insurance company must submit a report to the
quarterly solvency report must comply with the updated requirements effective as of the third quarter of 2008. Insurance companies shall compose insolvency report in accordance with the new minimum capital requirements.Our solvency ratio asCIRC within five working days after becoming aware that it is insolvent.
As of December 31, 20082009, our solvency ratio was approximately 310%303.59%.For the financial year of 2008, our surrender rate was approximately 4.38%.
63
Statutory deposit.deposits
Insurance companies in China are required to deposit an amount equal to 20% of their registered capital with no more than three qualified commercial banks, each of which
should,must, among other things,
hashave registered capital of no less than
RMB4,000RMB 4,000 million and
hashave no affiliated relationship with the insurance company. These funds may not be used for any purpose other than to pay off debts during a liquidation proceeding.
In August 2007, insurance companies were further required to open no more than one deposit account at each bank for each kind of currencies. Only amounts which are part of the statutory deposit requirement can be placed in this deposit account and the amount of each deposit could not be less than one million (in RMB or other foreign currencies) and the term of deposit should be no shorter than one year. The deposit saving agreement should be filed at the CIRC and the parties are forbidden to rescind the agreement without the CIRC’s prior approval. The following actions in relation to the deposits by the insurance company require prior approval from the CIRC:to change the nature of the savings;
to withdraw the deposit on or before the due date (unless the deposit is re-saved at the same bank);
to transfer the deposit to another bank;
to use the deposit to pay off debts during a liquidation proceeding;
to partially withdraw the deposit due to the decrease of the registered capital; or
to utilize and dispose of the deposit in any other ways.
Statutory insurance fund. The PRC insurance law, as amended in 2002 and 2009, requires
Chinese
life insurance companies to contribute to a statutory insurance fund. Prior to January 1, 2005, such contributions were not required for life insurance and long-term health insurance. According to the Administrative Measures on Statutory Insurance Fund promulgated on December 30, 2004, starting January 1, 2005, life insurance companies are required to contribute
asto a statutory insurance fund
1%0.15% of
the retainedtheir premiums and accumulated policyholder deposits from life policies with guaranteed benefits, 0.05% of their premiums and accumulated policyholder deposits from life policies without guaranteed benefits, 0.8% of premiums from short-term health policies, 0.15% of premiums from long-term health policies, 0.8% of premiums from accident
and short-term health insurance
0.15%contracts, 0.08% of
retained premiumstheir accumulated policyholder deposits from
long-term life and long-term health insuranceaccident investment contracts with guaranteed
return ratesbenefits, and 0.05% of
the retained premiumstheir accumulated policyholder deposits from
long-term life insurance with noaccident investment contracts without guaranteed
return rates. For life insurance companies, health insurance companies and life reinsurance companies, contributionsbenefits. Contributions are not required
on a provisional basis once the total amount
ofcontributed in the statutory insurance fund reaches 1% of
such companies’the insurance company’s total assets.
According to the Administrative Measures on Statutory Insurance Fund promulgated in September 2008, insurance companies are required to contribute to the statutory insurance fund with respect to their life insurance business in compliance with the following provisions:
for life insurance business with guaranteed income, 0.15% of the business income shall be paid to the statutory insurance fund; for life insurance business without guaranteed income, 0.05% of the business income shall be paid to the statutory insurance fund;
for short-term health insurance business, 0.8% of the premium must be paid to the statutory insurance fund; for long-term health insurance business, 0.15% of the premium must be paid to the statutory insurance fund; and
for non-investment-type accident insurance business, 0.8% of the premium must be paid to the statutory insurance fund; for investment-type accident insurance business with guaranteed income, 0.08% of the business income shall be paid to the statutory insurance fund; for investment-type accident insurance business without guaranteed income, 0.05% of the business income shall be paid to the statutory insurance fund.
The purpose of the statutory insurance fund is to provide financial subsidy to the insurer, the insured or the beneficiary, or a life insurer assuming policy obligations of another life insurer as a result of the dissolution or bankruptcy of the latter. The CIRC is also authorized with the approval of the State Council to use the statutory insurance fund when an insurance company has been dissolved or has undergone a bankrupt proceeding, and its liquidated assets are not sufficient to discharge policy liabilities; or when an insurance company is facing material risks that is likely to cause serious threat to public interest and national financial stability.
The CIRC had opened a special bank account at Industrial and Commercial Bank of China to accept deposits of the contributions by life insurance companies, including pension companies, health insurance companies and life reinsurance companies. Insurance companies are required to deposit, by March 31, 2005, 50% of the total accumulated amount of contributions as of the end of 2004, and the balance by the end of 2005 into such account. Thereafter, the contributions will be made quarterly each year, with each payment equaling 25% of the total contributions made in the prior year, and necessary adjustments will be made at the end of the year to reflect the actual amount required to be contributed for that year. According to the Circular on the Contribution of Statutory Insurance Fund issued by the CIRC on December 19, 2008, from January 1, 2009, the original special bank account for statutory insurance fund of life insurance companies opened by the CIRC is no longer in use. Life insurance companies shall deposit their contributions to the statutory insurance fund to the special account for life statutory insurance fund. This statutory insurance fund is managed by China Statutory Insurance Fund Co., Ltd. For insurance companies that have operated for an entire year as of the end of last year, an amount equal to 25% of the total amount accrued from the statutory insurance fund last year shall be the estimated quarterly contribution this year. The estimated quarterly contribution for the year 2008 is to be calculated as before, while for the year 2009 and for each year thereafter it shall be calculated according to the Administrative Measures on Statutory Insurance Fund promulgated in September 2008. Quarterly contributions to the statutory insurance fund shall be made within 15 working days from the end of the each quarter. Payment for two or more quarters is not allowed. Contributions to the statutory insurance fund by insurance companies each year shall be paid in full within 5 months from the end of each year.
Statutory reserves.reservesIn addition to the statutory deposit and the statutory insurance fund, insurance companies are required to provide for the following statutory reserves in accordance with regulations established by the CIRC:
unearned premium reserves and reserves for future benefitsclaims and claims; and
reserves for pending payments based on insurance claims already made and claims not yet made but for which an insured event has occurred.
claim adjustment expense. These reserves are recorded as liabilities for purposes of determining an insurance company’s actual solvency. In May 2003,solvency in accordance with regulatory rules.
Statutory reinsurance
Insurance companies are required to reinsure, for any single risk, the excess of the maximum potential liability over an amount equal to 10% of the sum of paid-in capital and capital reserves. Reinsurers under any reinsurance agreement entered into after January 1, 2008 are required to comply with the provisions published by the CIRC
issued a regulation, effective as of January 1, 2004, which affected the calculation of statutory reserves for certain insurance products. It had the general effect of increasing the reserves a life insurance company is required to make, thereby affecting its solvency as well as its income under PRC GAAP.In January 2005, the CIRC issued a new regulation requiring all life insurance companies to submit to the CIRC a new statutory actuarial report, on an annual basis,in November 2007 with respect to the operational results of their insurance business for the previous year. The most significant part of the new regulation is that a life insurance company is required to provide, in the actuarial report, their assessment of the sufficiency of their statutory reserves.
minimum paid-in capital, financial credit rating, solvency and profitability.
Actuaries.
Insurance companies are required to appoint one or more actuarial professionals, certified by the CIRC, and must establish a system for actuarial reporting. The CIRC’s
Regulation of corporate governance
Directors and senior management qualification requirements.Directors, supervisors and senior management of an insurance company are subject to qualification requirements provide that general actuaries must be appointed by April 30, 2008, after the actuary’s qualification has been reviewed and approvedimplemented by the CIRC. The general actuary
Risk management.Insurance companies must establish and adopt procedures, organizational structures, systems and measures to identify, evaluate and control the risks involved in its insurance operation. Insurance companies must report to the CIRC in a timely manner any major risks, and include in its annual report an annual risk evaluation report reviewed by the board of directors.
64
Compliance management.Insurance companies must prevent, identify, evaluate, report and manage compliance risks by taking measures such as setting up a compliance department, formulating and implementing compliance policies (which are required to be filed with the CIRC), exercising compliance monitoring and providing compliance trainings, so as to ensure compliance by the company, its staff and sales agents with the relevant laws and regulations, rules of regulatory authorities, industrial self-regulatory rules, internal management systems and codes of ethics. An annual compliance report must be submitted to the CIRC by April 30 each year. Each insurance company is required by the CIRC to appoint a compliance officer and establish a compliance management department in its head office. As of the date of this annual report, we have set up a compliance management department, established compliance standards, and appointed a compliance officer whose qualification has been approved by the CIRC.
Related party transactions management.Related party transactions between an insurance company and any of its related parties are classified as either “material related party transactions” or “ordinary related party transactions”. The term “material related party transactions” refers to any single transaction between an insurance company and a related party in which the trading volume accounts for 1% or more of the insurance company’s net assets as of the end of the previous year and has a value of more than RMB 5 million, or transactions between an insurance company and a related party in which the accumulative trading volume within one fiscal year accounts for 10% or more of the insurance company’s net assets as of the end of the previous year and has a value of more than RMB 50 million. The term “ordinary related party transactions” refers to all related party transactions other than “material related party transactions”. A material related party transaction is subject to approval by the insurer’s board of directors or shareholders, while an ordinary related party transaction must be reviewed in accordance with the internal authorization process of the insurance company. An insurance company is required to maintain a system to manage related party transactions and file them with the CIRC. Companies must take effective measures to prevent their shareholders, directors, supervisors, senior management and other related parties from taking advantage of their positions and acting against the interests of the company or the insured through related party transactions.
Internal audit.Insurance companies are required to establish an independent department for internal audit purposes, staffed with sufficient internal audit personnel (the number of full-time internal audit personnel generally must not be less than 5% of the total number of the company’s employees), establish an audit committee, and designate an audit controller whose appointment and replacement must be filed with the CIRC. An internal audit report must be submitted to the CIRC by April 30 of each year and any major risk identified during the internal audit process must be reported to the CIRC in a timely manner.
Reporting and disclosure requirements.Within a prescribed time period following the end of a fiscal year, an insurance company must submit to the CIRC, among others, an annual report with audited financial statements and an annual report setting forth its solvency margin as of the end of the fiscal year, as well as other regulatory monitoring items.
Internal control assessment.In January 2006, the CIRC issued tentative rules on internal control assessment of life insurance companies to facilitate and supervise the companies and improve their awareness of, and strengthen their controls over, matters such as corporate governance in management, internal controls and regulatory compliance in operations and risk management. Life insurance companies are required submit to the CIRC an internal control assessment form and an annual internal control assessment report each year. The CIRC has further required that asassesses the internal control of December 31, 2007,life insurance companies must prepare and submit the annual actuarial report in compliance with the updated rules on preparing annual actuarial reports.at least every three years, covering at least one third of all life insurance companies each year.
65
Market conduct.
Insurance companies are required to take steps to ensure that sales promotional materials used by their sales representatives and agents are objective, true and correct, with no material omissions or misleading information, contain no forecasts of benefits that are not guaranteed under the insurance or annuity product and do not exaggerate the benefits provided under the insurance or annuity product. The sales promotional materials must also highlight in an appropriate fashion any exclusions of coverage or liability in their products, as well as terms providing for policy or annuity surrenders and return of premiums. If any insurance policy or consulting service is provided through telephone sales, requisite office space, staff, facilities and
adequate supervising
mechanism shouldmust be furnished. In addition, the telephone sale
shouldmust be conducted directly by the insurance company, and the
provisionsterms and rates of the premiums of the insurance policy
insurance rate and
geographic business area
shouldmust be submitted to the CIRC for approval.
Insurance companies are subject to extensive regulation against any anti-competitive
behaviourbehavior or unfair dealing conduct. They may not pay insurance agents, the insured or the beneficiary any rebates or other illegal payments, nor may they pay their agents commissions over and above the industry norm.
Insurance companies are required to comply with anti-money laundering regulations and establish internal operational procedures and anti-money laundering
controllingcontrol systems. No insurance activity can be conducted for the purpose of illegal fundraising.
Regulation of issuance of subordinated debt
Beginning in September 2004, insurance companies that meet a series of qualification tests and are approved by the CIRC may issue subordinated debt with a fixed term of at least five years to certain qualified Chinese legal persons and foreign investors. The audited net asset value of the issuer must be at least RMB 500 million as of the end of the prior year and the total amount of unpaid debts at any given point after the issuance, including both principal and interest, must not exceed the issuer’s net asset value as of the end of the prior year. The issuer must comply with certain disclosure obligations both at the time of the issuance and during the term of the debts. The issuer may repay the debts only if its solvency ratio would remain at least 100% after the repayment of both principal and the interest.
Regulation of establishment of overseas insurance institutions
An insurance company may apply to the CIRC for approval for the establishment of overseas branches, overseas insurance companies and overseas insurance intermediaries, or the acquisition of overseas insurance companies or intermediaries. In order to submit such an application, an insurance company must have an operating history of no less than two years, total assets of no less than RMB 5 billion as at the end of the prior year and foreign exchange funds of no less than US$15 million or its equivalent in other freely convertible currencies as at the end of the preceding year. The applicant insurance company must also comply with applicable solvency, risk management and other requirements as stipulated by the CIRC.
Compliance with regulatory requirements.
Our management confirms that, except as set out in the sections entitled “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the PRC Life Insurance Industry—All of our individual agents are required to obtain qualification certificates and all of our institutional insurance agencies and brokers are required to obtain permits and go through registration.be registered. If a substantial number of our individual agents, institutional insurance agencies and brokers fail to meet these qualification and registration requirements are enforced or resultthis failure results in policyholders cancellingcanceling their policies, our business may be materially and adversely affected” and “—Licensing requirements” above,affected.”, we have complied in all material respects with all applicable regulatory requirements set out above.above.
66
Regulation of Foreign-Invested Insurance Companies China acceded to the WTO on December 11, 2001. As a result of China’s commitments in connection with the accession, the Chinese insurance market is gradually opening up to foreign insurers and insurance-related service providers. A foreign life insurer with total assets of no less than US$5,000 million and 30 years of
industry experience in any WTO member country, and which has had a representative office for two years in China, is permitted to form a life insurance joint venture with a domestic partner of its choice. Foreign life insurers may own up to one-half of the joint venture. In addition, the geographic limitation on foreign life insurers, which were permitted to operate only in specified cities, has been lifted since December 11, 2004. Accordingly, foreign life insurers have been permitted to provide group life insurance, health insurance and annuity and other pension-like products since December 11, 2004. In addition, since December 11, 2006, foreign insurance brokers have been permitted to set up wholly owned subsidiaries in China.
Foreign-invested insurance companies, including Sino-foreign equity joint ventures, wholly foreign-owned insurance companies and branches of foreign insurance companies, are generally regulated in the same manner as domestic insurance companies. Foreign-invested insurance companies may not, without the approval of the CIRC, engage in transactions with their affiliates, including reinsurance transactions and purchases and sales of assets. In addition, where the foreign-invested insurance company is a branch of a foreign insurance company, it is required to notify the CIRC of fundamental events relating to the foreign insurance company within ten days following the occurrence of the event. Reportable events include: (1) a change of name, senior management or jurisdiction of incorporation of the foreign insurance company, (2) a change in the foreign insurance company’s share capital, (3) a change in any person beneficially owning 10% or more of the foreign insurance company’s shares, (4) a change in business scope, (5) the imposition of administrative sanctions by any applicable regulatory authority, (6) a material loss incurred by the foreign insurance company, (7) a spin-off, merger, dissolution, revocation of corporate franchise or bankruptcy involving the foreign insurance company and (8) other events specified by the CIRC. If the foreign insurance company is dissolved, or its corporate franchise is revoked or it is declared bankrupt, the Chinese branch of the foreign insurance company will be prohibited from conducting any new business.
Regulation of Insurance Asset Management Companies An insurance asset management company is a limited liability company or joint stock company that manages insurance funds on behalf of others. Insurance asset management companies are regulated by the CIRC.
Minimum capital requirements.requirements
The registered capital of an insurance asset management company may not be lower than the greater of (1)
RMB30 million in cash;RMB 30 million; and (2) 0.1% of the insurance funds it manages, provided that the minimum capital is not required to exceed
RMB500RMB 500 million.
Business operations.operationsIn accordance with the tentative regulations of insurance asset management companies implemented in June 2004, an
An insurance asset management company may conduct the following businesses:
(1) managing and operating insurance funds entrusted by its shareholders;
(2) managing and operating insurance funds entrusted by another insurance company controlled by its shareholders;
(3) managing and operating its own insurance funds; and
(4) other businesses otherwise approved by the CIRC or other departments of the State Council.
67
The investments of the insurance funds by insurance asset management companies are subject to the same requirements and limitations applicable to the investments by the insurance companies themselves. With the regulatory expansion of insurance company investment powers, the investment powers of insurance asset management companies over their own funds have been expanded as well to cover subordinated
debtsbonds issued by banks and insurance companies and bank subordinated bonds.
In connection with the funds being managed by an insurance asset management company, a custodian is required to be appointed. The custodian must be an independent commercial bank or financial institution satisfying applicable CIRC requirements.
Shareholding restrictions.restrictions
At least 75% of the shares of an insurance asset management company must be owned by domestic insurance companies, and at least one of the shareholders of an insurance asset management company must be an insurance company or insurance holding company satisfying specified requirements.
Investment risk control.control
Both insurance companies and asset management companies must establish structures, arrangements and measures to recognize, assess, manage and control investment risks. Members of senior management may not be responsible for the management of departments in charge of investment decisions, investment transactions and risk controls at the same time. Branches of insurance companies may not manage insurance funds. Insurance asset management companies must arrange for separate investment managers to manage their own funds and the insurance funds from other insurance companies, as well as insurance funds from an insurance company that are of a different nature.
Major Emergency Response Managementemergency response management. According to the guidelines of the CIRC announced in May 2007, an
An insurance asset management company is required to establish a monitoring and precaution mechanism for major emergencies.
Regulation of Insurance Agencies, Insurance Brokers and Other Intermediaries Insurance agents are business entities or individuals which or who act on behalf of an insurance company in respect of insurance matters. An insurance company is prohibited from using any agent not licensed by the CIRC to market its insurance products, and is responsible for the acts of its agents when the acts are within the scope of their agency. Licensed insurance agencies fall into three groups: dedicated agencies, non-dedicated agencies and individual agents.
A dedicated agency is a
partnership or company organized under the PRC company law whose principal business is to act as an agent of insurance companies. Dedicated agencies are subject to minimum capital and other requirements, and their business is generally limited to insurance-related activities.
A non-dedicated agency is a business entity whose principal business is other than as an insurance agency. To receive a license, the agency business must have a direct relationship with its principal business, which the CIRC has interpreted as permitting banks and banking operations of post offices to act as non-dedicated insurance agencies.
68
An individual agent is an individual acting as agent for an insurer. To receive a license from the CIRC, the individual is required to hold a CIRC qualification certificate issued by the CIRC.
An individual agent is also required to register with and obtain a business license from the agent’s local bureau of industry and commerce under the current PRC insurance law, as amended in 2002. In addition, the individual must not have committed any criminal offense or violation of any financial or insurance law or regulation and must be engaged in the insurance agency business full time. An individual insurance agent is permitted to act on behalf of only one life insurance company.
Essentially none
Approximately 99.8% of our
exclusive agents qualifies as an “individual agent” within the meaning of the current PRC insurance law because they do not meet the dual requirement of holding a CIRC qualification certificate and a business license from the local bureau of the SAIC. We believe this situation is shared by all major life insurance companies in China. Approximately 99.6% of our exclusiveindividual agents hold a CIRC qualification
certificate, and essentially none has a business license.certificate. In May 2004, the CIRC issued a circular requiring insurance companies to take effective measures in carrying out the qualification certification requirement. Furthermore, no insurance company may issue a company certificate to any person, identifying that person as its sales representative, if the person does not have a CIRC qualification certificate.
Pursuant toUnder the circular, we are also required to take appropriate measures to improve both
the participation of our agents taking the qualification examination and their success rate, and to report to the CIRC on a quarterly basis the percentage of our agents holding a CIRC qualification certificate. In April 2006, the CIRC issued regulations on the administration of individual agents, effective July 1, 2006, in order to further strengthen the administration of individual agents.
Pursuant to Under these regulations, insurance companies that retain individual agents without CIRC qualification certificates and underwriting certificates to engage in insurance sales activities will be warned and fined up to RMB30,000,RMB 30,000, and the responsible members of senior management and other responsible personnel of such insurance companies will also be warned and fined up to RMB10,000.RMB 10,000. In serious circumstances, the CIRC may order the insurance companies to remove the responsible membermembers of senior management and other responsible personnel from office and reject theany application of setting upfor establishing branch offices by such insurance companies. At the end of 2007, the CIRC further required that no insurance company can enter into any agency agreement with thean individual agent who is not holding a qualification certificate or engage the agent in any insurance sale activities. In addition, the agency agreement is not an employment agreement in its nature and the individual agent is not an employee of the insurance company.
We are working with our agents who are not yet CIRC-qualified to obtain the CIRC qualification certificate. It is our understanding that the SAIC does not have procedures in place to effect the registration and licensing of individual insurance agents. The PRC insurance law as revised in February 2009, which will take effect from October 1, 2009, has removed the dual requirement under the current PRC insurance law which requires individual insurance agents to receive qualification certificates issued by the CIRC and register with and obtain business licenses from the local bureaus of the SAIC. The 2009 PRC insurance law requires only the institutional insurance agents and the insurance brokers to register with the administration of industry and commerce, and obtain the business licenses with the permits issued by the CIRC. See “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the PRC Life Insurance Industry—All of our individual agents are required to obtain qualification certificates and all institutional agencies are required to obtain permits and go through registration. If these qualification and registration requirements are enforced or result in policyholders cancelling their policies, our business may be materially and adversely affected”.
All insurance agencies and agents are required to enter into agency agreements that specify the duration of the agency; the amount of the agency fee and the method of payment; the scope of the agency, including the insurance products to be marketed; and other relevant matters. Absent specific CIRC approval, insurance agents are prohibited from signing insurance and annuity products on behalf of the insurance companies they represent. None of our agents is authorized to sign insurance policies or annuity contracts for us.
Insurance agencies are required to open special accounts for the handling of funds that they hold or collect for the insurance companies they represent. They may not engage in the following activities: dealing with unauthorized insurers or insurance intermediaries, engaging in activities beyond their authorized business scope or geographical area, causing injury to the rights of the insurance companies they represent, spreading rumors or otherwise injuring the reputation of others in the insurance industry, misappropriating the funds of the insurance companies they represent, defrauding insurance customers through false or misleading representations or material omissions, using undue influence to induce insurance customers to purchase insurance, or defrauding the insurance companies they represent through collusion with the insured or the insurance beneficiary. In addition, dedicated insurance agencies are subject to various reporting requirements, including submission of annual financial reports, and are subject to supervision and examination by the CIRC.
Insurance brokers, whowhich represent individuals and companies purchasing insurance, and other intermediaries are subject to similar regulatory requirements regarding their activities. Among other things, they are subject to supervision and examination by the CIRC, and fundamental corporate changes must be approved by the CIRC. Only companies organized under the PRC company law and meeting the requirements set by the CIRC are authorized to act as insurance brokers.
69
Regulation of PRC Listed CompaniesOur A shares have been listed on the SSE since January 9, 2007. As a result, we are subject to regulation by the PRC securities regulatory authorities with respect to our compliance with PRC securities laws and regulations. We are also subject to the rules of the SSE.
No.2No. 2 Interpretation of Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises
On August 7, 2008, the Ministry of FinanceMOF issued the No.2 Interpretation of Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises, requiring listed companies which requires dual-listed companiesissue both H shares and A shares to adopt consistent accounting policies to recognize, measurecalculate and report the same items with the same accounting policiesa particular transaction in their H share financial statements and estimates unless exemptedA share financial statements, except for certain differences in the interpretation. Accordingrelation to the Notification on the Implementationreversal of the No.2 Interpretationimpairment losses of Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises during 2008 Annual Report Preparation, issued by the Ministry of Finance on December 26, 2008,long-term assets and the No.48 [2008] Announcement issued by the CSRC on December 28, 2008, listed companies that issued both A shares and H shares were required to take steps to remove the differences under different accounting standards and make appropriate disclosures in their 2008 annual reports. relation to related party transactions.
On January 5, 2009, Thethe CIRC issued the Notification on the Implementation of the No.2 Interpretation of Accounting StandardStandards for Business Enterprises in the Insurance Sector (No.1 [2009] of CIRC). According to this notification, when, which requires insurance companies prepareto make appropriate changes to their 2009 financial reports, the accounting policies that cause differences in A sharebetween onshore and H shareoffshore financial reportsstatements when preparing their 2009 annual financial statements, such that the same accounting policies and estimates will be modified. The implementation standard will beapply to a particular transaction.
On December 22, 2009, the MOF issued later. We are waitingthe Notification on the Promulgation of the Regulations regarding the Accounting Treatment of Insurance Contracts, which regulates issues relating to, among other things, the unbundling of mixed insurance contracts, tests for significant insurance risks and the calculation of reserves for insurance contracts, and requires insurance companies to comply with these requirements beginning with the preparation of their financial statements for the implementation standardsyear ended December 31, 2009. For accounting treatments of any transactions and items adopted in previous years which differ from those set out in the MOF’s regulations, they should be retrospectively adjusted unless any such adjustment is not practicable under the circumstances.
Audit by the PRC National Audit Office
According to evaluate the effectPRC Audit Law and the 2010 Audit Plan of the No.2 Interpretation of Accounting StandardPRC National Audit Office, or the NAO, in February 2010 the NAO contacted us and began preliminary work in preparation for Business Enterprises.a routine audit on the Company to be conducted beginning May 2010. We understand that this is a routine audit on relevant financial institutions, and we will actively cooperate with the NAO during its audit. We cannot assure you that there will not be any unfavorable findings in the audit results issued by the NAO.
70
C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
(2) | Formerly known as China Life Asset Management (Hong Kong) Company Limited |
List of Significant Subsidiaries
| | | | |
Name of Subsidiary
(2) | | Jurisdiction of Incorporation
| | Proportion of Ownership Interest
Owned by China Life
|
China Life Insurance Asset Management Company Limited
| | The People’s Republic of China | | 60%
(directly)
|
| | |
China Life Franklin Asset Management Company Limited(1)
| | Hong Kong | | 50%(2)
(indirectly through affiliate)
|
| | |
China Life Pension Company Limited(2)
| | The People’s Republic of China | | 92.2%(3)
(directly and indirectly through affiliate)
|
(1) | Formerly known as China Life Asset Management (Hong Kong) Company Limited |
71
List of Significant Subsidiaries
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Proportion of Ownership Interest | |
| Name of Subsidiary | | Jurisdiction of Incorporation | | | Owned by China Life | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | The People’s Republic of China | | | 60% | |
| China Life Asset | | | | | | (directly) |
| Management Company Limited | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | Hong Kong | | | 50%(2) | |
| China Life Franklin Asset | | | | | | (indirectly through affiliate) |
Management Company Limited(1) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | The People’s Republic of China | | | 92.2%(3) | |
China Life Pension Company Limited(2) | | | | | | (directly and indirectly through affiliate) |
| | |
| (1) | | Formerly known as China Life Asset Management (Hong Kong) Company Limited |
|
| (2) | | AMC, which is 60% owned by us, owns 50% |
|
| (3) | | We own 87.4% and AMC, which is 60% owned by us, owns 4.8% |
72
D. PROPERTY, PLANTS AND EQUIPMENT As of December 31,
2008,2009, we owned and leased
4,1735,692 and
4,4574,585 properties respectively, and had
235229 properties under construction. Among the
4,1735,921 properties owned by us, 647 properties are leased to independent third parties while the remaining properties are mainly occupied by us as office premises.
On
January 4, 2007,February 22, 2010, we entered into a
renewednew property leasing agreement with
CLIC for a term of three years, from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2009. The terms of the renewed property leasing agreement remain substantially unchanged. We entered into an amendment agreement to the property leasing agreement with CLIC on January 8, 2008, pursuant to which the scope of lease has been modified as to 2,011 properties leased and 85 properties subleased from CLIC. In light of the asset transfer agreement entered into by CLIC and China Life Investment Holding Company Limited
we entered into an agreement forunder substantially the
assignment of rights and obligations undersame terms as the
previous property leasing agreement
with CLIC andwhich expired on December 31, 2009. Under the new property leasing agreement, which will expire on December 31, 2010, China Life Investment Holding Company Limited
on November 28, 2008. Pursuantagreed to
that agreement, CLIC transferred all of its rights and obligations inlease to us 2,182 properties owned by it. The annual rent is determined by reference to market rent or, where there is no available comparison, by reference to the
owned properties and leasable properties tocosts incurred by China Life Investment Holding Company Limited
from June 30, 2008. China Life Investment Holding Company Limited replaced CLIC asin holding and maintaining the properties, plus a
party to the property leasing agreement and acquired the rights and obligations under the agreement. As a result, the rights and obligationsmargin of
CLIC under the property leasing agreement were terminated.approximately 5%. | | |
| ITEM 4A. | | UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS. |
| | |
| ITEM 5. | | OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS. |
You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this annual report. For purposes
Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB, which differ in certain aspects from U.S. GAAP. Following our adoption of IFRS in 2009, we are no longer required to reconcile our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS to U.S. GAAP.
In accordance with IFRS 1, we have presented comparative consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2008 and as of January 1, 2008 in accordance with IFRS. The impact of the following discussion, referencestransition to IFRS from consolidated financial statements previously prepared in accordance with HKFRS on our consolidated equity as of January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2008 and our net profit for the year ended December 31, 2008, is detailed in note 2.1 to our “predecessor” mean CLIC, as our predecessor company prior to the restructuring, for the periods in question.In general, theconsolidated financial results discussedstatements included elsewhere in this section relate to historical consolidated financial data, including both the transferred policiesannual report.
As permitted by IFRS 1, property, plant and
the non-transferred policies. When financial results discussed in this section relate to the transferred and new policies only, specific reference is made to that fact.Overview
Restructuring
We were formed in connection with CLIC’s restructuring. In connection with the restructuring, CLIC transferred to us (1) all long-term insurance policies (policies havingequipment are recorded at ‘deemed cost’, which was determined based on a termrevaluation of more than one year from the date of issuance) issued on or after June 10, 1999, having policy terms approved by or filed with the CIRC on or after June 10, 1999 and either (i) recorded as a long-term insurance policyfair value as of June 30, 2003 in a database attached towhen we were established. The re-valued amount became deemed cost at the restructuring agreement as an annex or (ii) having policy terms for group supplemental medical insurance (fund type), (2) stand-alone short-term policies (policies having a termdate of one year or lessrevaluation. Depreciation was applied from the date of issuance) issued on or after June 10, 1999 and (3) all riders supplementalrevaluation to the policies described in clauses (1) and (2) above, together with the reinsurance contracts specified in an annex to the restructuring agreement. We refer to these policies as the “transferred policies”. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—History and Development of the Company—Our Restructuring”. All other insurance policies as of June 30, 2003 were retained by CLIC. We refer to these policies as the “non-transferred policies”. We refer to the insurance policies issued by us following the restructuring as the “new policies”.
The restructuring was effected through a restructuring agreement entered into with CLIC on September 30, 2003, with retroactive effect to June 30, 2003. Pursuant to PRC law and the restructuring agreement, the transferred policies were transferred to us as of June 30, 2003; however, for accounting purposes the
restructuring is treated as having occurred on September 30, 2003. As of June 30, 2003, we assumed all obligations and liabilities of CLIC under the transferred policies. CLIC continues to be responsible for its liabilities and obligations under the non-transferred policies following the restructuring. The business constituted by the policies and assets transferred to us and the obligations and liabilities assumed by us and the business constituted by the policies, assets, obligations and liabilities retained by CLIC were, prior to the restructuring, under common management from a number of significant aspects.
Immediately following the restructuring, CLIC became our sole shareholder. Following our global offering in December 2003, CLIC became and remains our controlling shareholder, holding approximately 72.2% of our voting shares. Following our A share offering in December 2006, CLIC now holds approximately 68.37% of our voting shares as of the date of annual report.transition to IFRS.
As permitted by IFRS 1 and in accordance with the transitional exemption under IFRS 4, we continue to apply existing accounting policies under PRC GAAP to account for our insurance contracts. We also have been providing managementthe option to make improvements to our accounting policies. In December 2009, the MOF issued a new guidance for accounting treatment of insurance contract which modifies the recognition and measurement of insurance contracts on a retrospective basis. Before the adoption of this guidance, as accepted by the MOF, we accounted for insurance contracts that transfer “insurance risk” in accordance with statutory requirements on actuarial reserving methodologies and assumptions as promulgated by the CIRC. Under the new MOF guidance, we are required to recognize insurance premiums and benefits only from the contracts that transfer “significant insurance risks”, and determine insurance reserves based on expected future net cash flows from guaranteed benefits, non-guaranteed benefits, expenses, premiums and other servicescharges with considerations of margin and discounting effects. The previous guidance issued by the CIRC remains applicable for PRC regulatory reporting purposes, such as those relating to CLIC, includingsolvency calculation.
73
Since these are our first consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS, under the
administrationaccommodation provided by the SEC in respect of
first-time application of IFRS, the
run-offfollowing discussion and analysis is limited to our financial condition and results of
operations for the
non-transferred policies,years ended December 31, 2008 and 2009, and no comparative information for the
management of the investment assets retained by CLIC (through AMC) and various other services for CLIC, for which we are paid fees. For a description of the restructuring and the other arrangements entered into in connection with the restructuring, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—History and Development of the Company—Our Restructuring” and “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions”.year ended December 31, 2007 has been included.
Overview of ourOur Business We are the leading life insurance company in China. We provide a broad range of insurance products, including individual life insurance, group life insurance, accident insurance and health insurance products. We had nearly
102115 million individual and group life insurance policies, annuity contracts and long-term health insurance policies in force as of December 31,
2008.2009. We also offer accident and short-term health insurance policies to individuals and groups.
We report our financial results according to the following three principal business segments:
| | • | | Individual life insurance, which offers participating and non-participating life insurance and annuities to individuals. The financial results of our individual long-term health and long-term accident insurance business are also reflected in our individual life insurance business segment. Our individual life insurance business comprises long-term products, including long-term health and long-term accident insurance products, meaning products having a term of more than one year at the date of their issuance. |
| | • | | Group life insurance, which offers participating and non-participating life insurance and annuities products to companies and institutions. The financial results of our group long-term health and long-term accident insurance business are also reflected in our group life insurance business segment. Our group life insurance business comprises long-term products. |
| | • | | Accident and healthShort-term insurance, which offers short-term accident insurance and health insurance to individuals and groups. Our accident and healthshort-term insurance businesses comprisescomprise short-term products, meaning products having a term of one year or less at the date of their execution.
|
In addition, AMC
an asset management joint venture established by us and CLIC, manages our investment assets and, separately, substantially all of those of CLIC, pursuant to two asset management agreements, one with us and one with CLIC. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Asset Management Business”.
We own 60% of the joint venture, with CLIC owning the remaining 40%. We formed aCLPCIC engages in property and casualty
joint venture with CLIC, on December 30, 2006, with us owning 40% and CLIC owning the remaining 60%.insurance business. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Property and Casualty Business”.
We formed a professionalChina Life Pension engages in pension insurance
company with CLIC and AMC on January 15, 2007. We own 87.4% of this pension insurance company, with CLIC owning 6%, AMC owning 4.8% and China Credit Trust Company Limited owning the remaining 1.8%.business. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Pension Insurance Business”.
Financial Overview of ourOur Business We had total gross written premiums
and policy fees of
RMB135,325RMB 275,970 million (US$
19,83540,430 million) and net profit attributed to our shareholders of
RMB21,277RMB 32,881 million (US$
3,1194,817 million) for the year ended December 31,
2008.2009. Our principal business segments had the following results:
| | • | | Individual life insurancehad total gross written premiums and policy fees of RMB121,452RMB 261,715 million (US$17,80238,341 million) in 2008, principally reflecting increases in renewal premiums, policy fees and new policy premiums. 2009. |
74
| | • | | Group life insurancehad total gross written premiums and policy fees of RMB831RMB 190 million (US$12228 million) in 2008, principally reflecting decreases primarily due to changes in government policies and market conditions. 2009. |
| | • | | Accident and healthShort-term insurancehad total gross written premiums of RMB13,042RMB 14,065 million (US$1,9122,061 million) in 2008, principally reflecting our increased sales efforts for accident and health insurance business.
2009. |
Our business and the business of CLIC
our predecessor, has been characterized by rapid growth of premium income over the past several years, particularly due to increased sales of participating
risk-type products.
Our historical results reflect the continuing performance of policies that were issued prior to June 10, 1999. Many of these policies paid guaranteed rates of return that, due to declining interest rates, came to be significantly higher than the rates of return on investment assets. This created a “negative spread”, where the investment return fell below the rate our predecessor had committed to pay on those policies. The policies issued by our predecessor on or after June 10, 1999, which have been transferred to us in the restructuring, were priced at significantly lower guaranteed rates, in line with the 2.50% cap established by the CIRC. We and CLIC have not incurred negative spread on these policies and the new policies issued on or after our establishment, as the average investment returns we and CLIC have been able to generate have been higher than the guaranteed rates.As of December 31, 2008, the average guaranteed rate of return of our products was 2.37%.Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations Revenues, Expenses and Profitability We earn our revenues primarily from:
insurance premiums from the sale of life insurance policies and annuity contracts, including participating and non-participating policies and annuity contracts with life contingencies, as well as accident and health insurance products. Net premiums earned accounted for 72.5%81.1% of total revenues in 2008.2009.
policy fees for long-term investment–type insurance contracts and investment contracts (collectively, investment-type contracts). Policy fees accounted for 8.2% of total revenues in 2008.
investment income and realized and, in some cases, unrealized gains and losses from our investment assets. Net investmentInvestment income and net realized and unrealized gains and losses accounted for 18.1%18.2% of total revenues in 2008.
2009.In addition, following the restructuring, we receive service fees for policy management services we provide to CLIC. AMC
our asset management joint venture with CLIC, also receives asset management fees for asset management services provided to CLIC. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions”.
Our operating expenses primarily include:
insurance benefits provided to our policyholders, accident and health claims and claim adjustment expenses;
increases
increase in long-term traditional insurance contracts liabilities;
investment contract liabilities;benefits;
amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs;
underwriting and policy acquisition costs;
policyholder dividends resulting from participation in profits;
interests credited to long-term investment-type insurance contracts
underwriting and investment contracts;policy acquisition costs; and
increases in deferred income; and
administrative and other expenses.
In addition, following the restructuring, we pay rent to CLICChina Life Investment Holding Company Limited on the properties we lease from it.
75
Our profitability depends principally on our ability to price and manage risk on insurance and annuity products, our ability to maximize the return on investment assets, our ability to attract and retain customers, and our ability to manage expenses. In particular, factors affecting our profitability include:
our ability to design and distribute products and services and to introduce new products which gain market acceptance on a timely basis;
our ability to price our insurance and investment products at levels that enable us to earn a margin over the costs of providing benefits and the expense of acquiring customers and administering those products;
our returns on investment assets;
our mortality and morbidity experience;
our lapse experience, which affects our ability to recover the cost of acquiring new business over the lives of the contracts;
our cost of administering insurance contracts and providing customer services;
our ability to manage liquidity and credit risk in our investment portfolio and to manage duration risk in our asset and policy portfolios through asset-liability management; and
In addition, other factors, such as competition, taxes, securities market conditions and general economic conditions, affect our profitability.
For many of our long-term life insurance and annuity products, we are obligated to pay a minimum interest or crediting rate to our policyholders or annuitants. These products expose us to the risk that changes in interest rates may reduce our “spread”, or the difference between the rate of return we are able to earn on our investments intended to support our insurance obligations and the amounts that we are required to pay under the policies. The minimum rate we pay is established when the product is priced, subject to a cap set by the CIRC and which may be adjusted from time to time. Currently, the CIRC cap is 2.50%. If the rates of return on our investments fall below the minimum rates we guarantee, our profitability would be adversely affected.
In October 2004, the interest rate on one-year term deposits, a key benchmark rate, was raised from 1.98% to 2.25%. In August 2006, the interest rate on one-year term deposits was further raised from 2.25% to 2.52%. During the year 2007, severalrevisions were made to the interest rate on one-year term deposits, which resulted in the further increase of the interest rate from 2.52% to 4.14%. During the year 2008, in light of the global economic downturn, the PBOC reduced the interest rate on one year deposits from 4.14% to 2.25% in an effort to bolster the economy. The interest rate remained unchanged during the year 2009. If the economic condition improves in the future, the Chinese government may adjust the interest rates accordingly. If the interest rates were to be increased, but the CIRC did not raise the cap, sales of some of our products, including our non-participating investment-type products, could be adversely impacted. An increase in guaranteed rates caused by a rise in the CIRC cap may lead to an increase in surrenders and withdrawals of our existing products which offer rates lower than the new rates. See “—Financial Overview of Our Business”. As of December 31, 2008, the average guaranteed rate of return of our products was 2.37%.
Interest rates also affect our returns on investment assets, a large proportion of which is held in negotiated bank deposits and debt securities. In a declining interest rate environment, interest rate changes expose us to reinvestment risks. In a rising interest rate environment, higher rates may yield greater interest income but also may generate unrealized capital losses for debt securities designated as trading, causing us to incur realized capital losses for securities we reinvest or requiring us to take an impairment if the market value of debt securities declines for an extended period.
76
Sustained levels of high or low interest rates also may affect the relative popularity of our various products. For example, the recent popularity of our participating products is partially driven by the protracted comparatively low interest rate environment in China and the 2.50% cap set by the CIRC on the guaranteed rates of return we may apply. The investment nature of the product, including the enhanced yield by means of dividends, has proven to be attractive to China’s insurance buyers.
As an insurance company, we are limited by Chinese law and regulations in the types of assets in which we may invest policyholder funds.
As prescribed by China’s insurance law, we are limited to investing insurance premiums, deposits and other funds we receive primarily in term deposits; fixed maturity securities, including Chinese treasury bonds, Chinese government agency bonds and corporate bonds issued by Chinese companies and meeting specified criteria; and securities investment funds primarily invested in equity securities issued by Chinese companies and traded on China’s securities exchanges. We also may participate in bond repurchase activities through domestic inter-bank repurchase markets. Since 2004, we have been allowed to invest in convertible bonds, subordinated bonds and debts; local government bonds issued and cashed by the Ministry of Finance as an agent, debt financing instruments of non-financial enterprises such as domestic medium-term notes issued in domestic market; unsecured bonds including bonds issued in Hong Kong by large state-owned enterprises and convertible bonds; shares of companies listedSee “Item 4. Information on the
Chinese securities market, which are denominatedCompany—Business Overview—Investments” and
traded in Renminbi;“Item 4. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Regulatory and
domestic infrastructure projects. We received the CIRC’s approval in 2006 to make overseas investments in qualified term deposits, fixed maturity securities and sharesRelated Matters—Insurance Company Regulation—Regulation of
Chinese companies listed on specified overseas stock exchanges. The Interim Measures for the Overseas Investment with Insurance Funds implemented in June 2007 provided us with additional overseas investment channels. The detailed implementation rules to such interim measures are in the process of being drafted by relevant regulatory bodies and have not been released.investments”. We currently are prohibited from investing in other
securitiestypes of assets without the CIRC’s approval. However, we understand that the CIRC is considering further easing these restrictions in the future. If the CIRC does so, this may permit us to invest in additional asset classes.
See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Regulatory and Related Matters—Insurance Company Regulation—Regulation of investments”. Our only material concentration risk relates to our investments in Chinese government securities.
The limitations on the types of investments we are permitted to make affect the investment returns we are able to generate and subject us to various risks that we would not, or to a lesser extent, be subject to if we were able to invest in a wider array of investments. In particular, the limited availability of long-duration investment assets in the markets in which we invest has resulted in the duration of our assets being shorter than that of our
liabilities. We believe that with the gradual easing of the investment restrictions imposed on insurance companies in China, such as the permission of overseas investments in qualified term deposits, debt securities and shares of Chinese companies listed on specified stock exchanges, as well as investments in domestic infrastructure projects, our ability to match the duration of our assets to that of our liabilities will improve. We also seek to reduce the risk of duration mismatch by focusing on product offerings whose maturity profiles are in line with the duration of investments available to us in the prevailing investment environment.
Our results can be materially affected by investment impairments. The following table sets forth impairment charges, which are included in net realized gains and losses, for the years ended December 31,
2006, 20072008 and
2008. | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the year ended
December 31, | |
| | | 2006 | | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | (RMB in millions) | |
Debt securities | | — | | (3,403 | ) | | 2,023 | |
Equity securities | | — | | — | | | (15,744 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Total | | — | | (3,403 | ) | | (13,721 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
There were no2009.
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the year ended | |
| | | December 31, | |
| | | 2008 | | | 2009 | |
| | | (RMB in millions) | |
| Debt securities | | | 2,023 | | | | 200 | |
| Equity securities | | | (15,744 | ) | | | (2,350 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
Total | | | (13,721 | ) | | | (2,150 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
During the year ended December 31, 2008, we recognized impairment charges in 2006. Impairments in 2007 relating to the decrease in the valueexpense of certain debtRMB 15,744 million of available for sale equity securities for which we purchased in previous years, resulted in andetermined that objective evidence of impairment charge of RMB3,403 million.existed. The value of certain debt securities increased in 2008. During the year ended December 31, 2008, RMB2,023RMB 2,023 million of previously recognized impairment losses relating to certain available for sale debt securities decreased. This decrease related objectively to certain events occurring after the impairment was recognized and as such the previously recognized impairment loss was reversed.
77
During the year ended December 31,
2008,2009, we recognized impairment expense of
RMB15,744RMB 2,350 million of available for sale
equity securities for which we determined that objective
impairment evidence of impairment existed.
Given the current market conditions, we believe that these securities may not recover in value in the near term and thus recorded the other-than-temporary impairment. These securities were not impaired due to company-specific events such as bankruptcies. During the year ended December 31, 2009, RMB 200 million of previously recognized impairment losses relating to certain available for sale debt securities entrusted to Min Fa Securities Co., Ltd., or Min Fa, decreased. As of December 31, 2008, we held RMB 400 million available for sale debt securities entrusted to Min Fa, which had been impaired entirely due to Min Fa’s bankruptcy. During Min Fa’s bankruptcy proceedings, we were granted certain shares listed on PRC stock changes with total fair value of RMB 200 million as of 31 December 2009 as a first distribution and accordingly RMB 200 million of the previously recognized impairment losses was reversed.
Available-for-sale securities comprised of the following asset classes as of December 31,
2006, 20072008 and
2008. | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, |
| | | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2008 |
| | | Cost or
amortized
cost | | Estimated
fair value | | Cost or
amortized
cost | | Estimated
fair value | | Cost or
amortized
cost | | Estimated
fair value |
| | | (RMB in millions) |
Debt securities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Government bonds | | 60,058 | | 60,352 | | 83,137 | | 80,588 | | 73,130 | | 80,006 |
Government agency bonds | | 78,300 | | 78,721 | | 111,906 | | 107,154 | | 180,135 | | 191,121 |
Corporate bonds | | 31,001 | | 30,752 | | 46,464 | | 43,742 | | 64,388 | | 67,505 |
Subordinated bonds/debts | | 7,068 | | 7,043 | | 10,462 | | 9,898 | | 17,265 | | 17,588 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Subtotal | | 176,427 | | 176,868 | | 251,969 | | 241,382 | | 334,918 | | 356,220 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity securities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Funds | | 20,535 | | 32,869 | | 37,513 | | 60,624 | | 32,313 | | 29,890 |
Common stocks | | 15,876 | | 29,725 | | 51,714 | | 115,509 | | 38,132 | | 38,829 |
Warrants | | — | | 1 | | — | | — | | — | | — |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Subtotal | | 36,411 | | 62,595 | | 89,227 | | 176,133 | | 70,445 | | 68,719 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | 212,838 | | 239,463 | | 341,196 | | 417,515 | | 405,363 | | 424,939 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
2009.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, | |
| | | 2008 | | | 2009 | |
| | | Cost or | | | | | | | Cost or | | | | |
| | | amortized | | | Estimated | | | amortized | | | Estimated | |
| | | cost | | | fair value | | | cost | | | fair value | |
| | | (RMB in millions) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Debt securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Government bonds | | | 73,130 | | | | 80,006 | | | | 50,623 | | | | 51,996 | |
| Government agency bonds | | | 180,135 | | | | 191,121 | | | | 167,312 | | | | 165,231 | |
| Corporate bonds | | | 64,388 | | | | 67,505 | | | | 103,603 | | | | 102,553 | |
| Subordinated bonds/debt | | | 17,265 | | | | 17,588 | | | | 21,198 | | | | 21,045 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Subtotal | | | 334,918 | | | | 356,220 | | | | 342,736 | | | | 340,825 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Funds | | | 32,313 | | | | 29,890 | | | | 62,818 | | | | 75,798 | |
| Common stocks | | | 38,132 | | | | 38,829 | | | | 72,740 | | | | 100,876 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Subtotal | | | 70,445 | | | | 68,719 | | | | 135,558 | | | | 176,674 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 405,363 | | | | 424,939 | | | | 478,294 | | | | 517,499 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
We had gross unrealized gains of
RMB31,854RMB 47,179 million
(US$4,669 million) and gross unrealized losses of
RMB12,278RMB 9,157 million
(US$1,800 million) as of December 31,
2008.2009. We had gross unrealized gains of
RMB88,588RMB 31,854 million and gross unrealized losses of
RMB12,269RMB 12,278 million as of December 31,
2007. We had gross unrealized gains of RMB28,097 million and gross unrealized losses of RMB1,472 million as of December 31, 2006.2008. The total unrealized losses as of December 31,
2009 and 2008
2007were 1.8% and
2006 were 2.9%
, 2.9%, and 0.6% of total available-for-sale
securities. The unrealized losses as of December 31, 2009 related primarily to the decrease of the market value of debt securities resulting from unfavorable market conditions. The SSE Index, a major stock exchange index in China, was at 3,277 points on December 31, 2009, which was a 80% increase from 2008. This resulted in a significant decrease in total unrealized losses of investment in equity securities. The unrealized losses as of December 31, 2008 related primarily to the sharp fall of
the capital
market. The unrealized losses as of December 31, 2007 related primarily to decreases in the price of debt securities. These unrealized losses as of December 31, 2006 related primarily to mark to market adjustments to bonds and securities investment funds. The SSE Index, a major stock exchange index in China was 2,675 points on December 31, 2006, an increase from 2005. The index was 5,261 points on December 31, 2007, which was a 96.7% increase from 2006. The index was 1,820 points on December 31, 2008, which was a 65.4% decrease from 2007. This resulted in a significant increase in total unrealized losses.markets that year. We made substantially all of the revaluation adjustments on the basis of quoted market prices
atas of the relevant balance sheet dates.
The following tables set forth the length of time that each class of available-for-sale securities has continuously been in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
As of December 31, 2008 | | 0-6
months | | | 7-12
months | | | More than 12
months | | | Total | |
| | | (RMB in millions) | |
Debt securities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized losses | | (748 | ) | | (33 | ) | | (60 | ) | | (841 | ) |
Carrying amounts | | 21,627 | | | 2,414 | | | 3,236 | | | 27,277 | |
Unrealized losses as a percentage of carrying amounts | | 3.46 | % | | 1.37 | % | | 1.85 | % | | 3.08 | % |
| | | | |
Equity securities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized losses | | (5,943 | ) | | (5,205 | ) | | — | | | (11,148 | ) |
Carrying amounts | | 25,230 | | | 10,897 | | | — | | | 36,127 | |
Unrealized losses as a percentage of carrying amounts | | 23.56 | % | | 47.77 | % | | — | | | 30.86 | % |
| | | | |
Total | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total unrealized losses | | (6,691 | ) | | (5,238 | ) | | (60 | ) | | (11,989 | ) |
Total carrying amounts | | 46,857 | | | 13,311 | | | 3,236 | | | 63,404 | |
Unrealized losses as a percentage of carrying amounts | | 14.28 | % | | 39.35 | % | | 1.85 | % | | 18.91 | % |
78
| | | | | | | | | | | |
As of December 31, 2007 | | 0-6
months | | | 7-12
months | | | More than 12
months | | Total | |
| | | (RMB in millions) | |
Debt securities | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized losses | | (3,790 | ) | | (7,942 | ) | | — | | (11,732 | ) |
Carrying amounts | | 74,628 | | | 62,759 | | | — | | 137,387 | |
Unrealized losses as a percentage of carrying amounts | | 5.08 | % | | 12.65 | % | | — | | 8.54 | % |
| | | | |
Equity securities | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized losses | | (537 | ) | | — | | | — | | (537 | ) |
Carrying amounts | | 4,324 | | | 1 | | | — | | 4,325 | |
Unrealized losses as a percentage of carrying amounts | | 12.42 | % | | — | | | — | | 12.42 | % |
| | | | |
Total | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total unrealized losses | | (4,327 | ) | | (7,942 | ) | | — | | (12,269 | ) |
Total carrying amounts | | 78,952 | | | 62,760 | | | — | | 141,712 | |
Unrealized losses as a percentage of carrying amounts | | 5.48 | % | | 12.65 | % | | — | | 8.66 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
As of December 31, 2006 | | 0-6
months | | | 7-12
months | | | More than 12
months | | | Total | |
| | | (RMB in millions) | |
Debt securities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized losses | | (819 | ) | | (290 | ) | | (227 | ) | | (1,336 | ) |
Carrying amounts | | 53,352 | | | 9,068 | | | 9,212 | | | 71,632 | |
Unrealized losses as a percentage of carrying amounts | | 1.54 | % | | 3.20 | % | | 2.46 | % | | 1.87 | % |
| | | | |
Equity securities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized losses | | (136 | ) | | — | | | — | | | (136 | ) |
Carrying amounts | | 1,273 | | | — | | | — | | | 1,273 | |
Unrealized losses as a percentage of carrying amounts | | 10.68 | % | | — | | | — | | | 10.68 | % |
| | | | |
Total | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total unrealized losses | | (955 | ) | | (290 | ) | | (227 | ) | | (1,472 | ) |
Total carrying amounts | | 54,625 | | | 9,068 | | | 9,212 | | | 72,905 | |
Unrealized losses as a percentage of carrying amounts | | 1.75 | % | | 3.20 | % | | 2.46 | % | | 2.02 | % |
Financial assets other than those accounted for as at fair value through income are adjusted for impairments, where these are declines in value that are considered to be other than temporary. In evaluating whether
Our rationale for an other-than-temporary impairment is based on a severe or prolonged decline in value is other than temporary for equity securities, we consider severalvalue. We determine a severe or prolonged decline after considering both quantitative and qualitative factors.
The qualitative factors include specific information on the financial status and performance of the investee, including but not limited toto:
breach of debt covenants; and
The quantitative factors including the following:
the extent and the duration
The market price of the decline;
equity securities was more than 50% below its cost at the financial condition of and near-term prospectsbalance sheet date;
The market price of the issuer; and
our ability and intent to hold the investmentequity securities was more than 20% below its cost for a period of time to allowat least six months at the balance sheet date; and
The market price of the equity securities was below its cost for a recoveryperiod of value.more than one year.
Should we conclude that an unrealized loss is other-than-temporary, relevant financial assets are written down to their net realized value and charge is recorded in “Net realized gains/(losses) on financial assets” in the period the impairment is
recognized,recognized. The impairment loss is reversed through the
income statementnet profit if in a subsequent period the fair value of a debt security increases and the increase can be objectively related to an event occurring after the impairment loss was recognized through
income statement.net profit. The impairment losses recognized in net profit on equity investments are not reversed. See “—Critical Accounting Policies”.
As of December 31, 2009, our total investment assets were RMB 1,172,145 million (US$171,720 million) and the investment yield for the year ended December 31, 2009 was 5.78%. The investment yield primarily reflected the sharp improvement in the equity securities markets and the fall of the debt securities markets in 2009. We have made relevant adjustments to the investment portfolio by increasing the proportion of investments in equity securities and decreasing the proportion of investments in debt securities. As of December 31, 2008, our total investment assets were RMB937,403RMB 937,403 million (US$137,399 million) and the investment yield for the year ended December 31, 2008 was 4.96%3.48%. The investment yield primarily reflected the high valuation of the investment assets at the beginning of year 2008, the global financial crisis and the sharp fall of the stockcapital market. We have made relevant adjustments to the investment portfolio by decreasing the proportion of investments in equity securities and increasing the proportion of fixed-income assets. As of December 31, 2007, our total investment assets were RMB850,209 million
For 2008 and
the investment yield for the year ended December 31, 2007 was 5.76%. The investment yield primarily reflected increased investments in equity securities, favorable adjustment of our investment portfolio and favorable capital market conditions. As of December 31, 2006, our total investment assets were RMB686,804 million and the investment yield for the year ended December 31, 2006 was 4.27%.For 2006, 2007 and 2008,2009, we calculated the investment yields for a given year by dividing the net investment income for that year by the average of the ending balance of investment assets of that year and the previous year.
79
The following table sets forth, for the transferred and new policies, premium
and deposit information as of or for the years ended December 31,
2006, 20072008 and
20082009 by type of product in our individual life insurance business, group life insurance business and accident and health insurance business.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of or for the year ended
December 31, | | Compound
annual
growth rate | |
| | | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2008 | | (2006-2008) | |
| | | RMB | | RMB | | RMB | | US$ | | | |
| | | (in millions) | | | |
Individual life insurance business(1) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Whole life and term life insurance: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross written premiums | | 28,257 | | 32,118 | | 35,702 | | 5,233 | | 12.4 | % |
| | | | | |
Endowment: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross written premiums | | 43,582 | | 40,278 | | 45,816 | | 6,715 | | 2.5 | % |
Deposits | | 69,583 | | 70,331 | | 153,413 | | 22,486 | | 48.5 | % |
| | | | | |
Annuities: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross written premiums | | 8,247 | | 19,024 | | 26,717 | | 3,916 | | 80.0 | % |
Deposits | | 772 | | 1,013 | | 1,011 | | 148 | | 14.4 | % |
| | | | | |
Group life insurance business(1) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Whole life and term life insurance: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross written premiums | | 912 | | 687 | | 299 | | 44 | | (42.7 | )% |
Deposits | | 169 | | 771 | | 1,594 | | 234 | | 207.1 | % |
| | | | | |
Annuities: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross written premiums | | 232 | | 189 | | 25 | | 4 | | (67.2 | )% |
Deposits | | 18,411 | | 19,804 | | 17,419 | | 2,553 | | (2.7 | )% |
| | | | | |
Endowment: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | |
Deposits | | 2,506 | | 1,583 | | 2,093 | | 307 | | (8.6 | )% |
| | | | | |
Accident and health insurance business(2) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Accident gross written insurance premiums | | 5,148 | | 5,495 | | 6,153 | | 902 | | 9.3 | % |
Health gross written insurance premiums | | 5,942 | | 6,404 | | 6,889 | | 1,010 | | 7.7 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of or for the year ended | | | Annual | |
| | | December 31, | | | growth rate | |
| | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2009 | | | (2008-2009) | |
| | | RMB | | | RMB | | | US$ | | | | | |
| | | (in millions) | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Individual life insurance business(1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Whole life and term life insurance: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Gross written premiums | | | 35,729 | | | | 38,665 | | | | 5,664 | | | | 8.2 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Endowment: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Gross written premiums | | | 188,099 | | | | 184,841 | | | | 27,079 | | | | (1.7 | %) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Annuities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Gross written premiums | | | 28,302 | | | | 38,209 | | | | 5,598 | | | | 35.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Group life insurance business(1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Whole life and term life insurance: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Gross written premiums | | | 299 | | | | 172 | | | | 25 | | | | (42.5 | %) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Annuities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Gross written premiums | | | 41 | | | | 18 | | | | 3 | | | | 56.1 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Short-term insurance business(2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Accident gross written insurance premiums | | | 6,221 | | | | 7,076 | | | | 1,037 | | | | 13.7 | % |
| Health gross written insurance premiums | | | 6,965 | | | | 6,989 | | | | 1,024 | | | | 0.3 | % |
| | |
| (1) | including | Including long-term health and accident productsproducts. |
|
| (2) | including | Including short-term health and accident products onlyproducts. |
Participating products tend to present us with less market risk, since we have more flexibility to set the level of dividends and because participating products are subject to guaranteed rates which are lower than those of non-participating products. In addition, changes in interest rates have less of an impact on their
surrenderlapse rates than on those of non-participating policies. Conversely, participating products tend to be less profitable for us than non-participating products, largely because the terms of these contracts effectively commit us to sharing a portion of our earnings from participating products with our policyholders. Pursuant to guidelines issued by the CIRC, we are required to pay to our participating policyholders dividends which are no less than 70% of the distributable investment earnings and mortality gains on participating products. However, participating products still provide us with attractive profit contributions given the growing level of sales volume they produce.
Products classified as
investment-type productsinvestment contracts also affect our revenues, since only a portion of the payments we receive under them are recorded in our consolidated income statement as policy fees, while the majority of the payments are recorded as
depositdeposits under financial liabilities on our balance sheet.
For the year endedDecember 31, 2008, total deposits were RMB176,269 million (US$25,836 million), an increase of 87.1% from RMB94,227 million in 2007. Although deposits are a measure of business volume and contribute to our profitability, they are not reflected in our revenues. Since the fourth quarter of 2003, we have adjusted our product selling strategy to concentrate more on risk-type products, which contribute more to our revenues as premium income.
80
Another factor affecting our revenue is the fact that a substantial amount of the premiums we receive on many individual and group life insurance products are made in single payments, rather than over the course of the policy.
For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, 6.6%, 7.5% and 9.3% of our total first-year gross written premiums were from single premium products. We believe that the popularity of single premium products is in line with purchasing patterns and demand in China. We have, however, adjusted our premium structure to focus more on sales of products with regular premiums, especially products with regular premiums for ten years or more, which has reduced the proportion of single written premiums of our total first-year gross written
premiums in 2005.premiums. We believe that such strategy could contribute to a more steady development of our business and enhance the retention rate of our sales agent force.
Reinsurance
The amounts presented in the historical consolidated statements of income for revenues and policyholder benefits are net of amounts ceded to reinsurers. Under the PRC insurance law and CIRC regulations, prior to 2003, life insurance companies in China were required to reinsure 20% of its accident and health insurance risks with China Reinsurance (Group) Company, the statutory reinsurer. The statutory reinsurance requirement was phased out beginning in 2003 and from the beginning of 2006 there is no cession to reinsurers. We are also a party to various reinsurance agreements with China Life Reinsurance Company Limited for the reinsurance of individual risks and group risks. As of December 31, 2008, substantially all of our ceded premiums had been ceded to China Life Reinsurance Company Limited.
We operate in a highly regulated industry. Changes in regulation can have a significant impact on our revenues, expenses and profitability. China’s insurance regulatory regime is undergoing significant changes toward a more transparent regulatory process and a convergent movement toward international standards. Among other things, recent changes to permitted investment channels for insurance companies have impacted our investment portfolio and returns. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Regulatory and Related Matters”.
Critical Accounting Policies We prepared the consolidated financial statements under the historical cost convention, as modified by financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, available-for-sale financial assets, insurance contract liabilities and certain property, plant and equipment at deemed cost. The preparation of
consolidated financial statements in conformity with
HKFRSIFRS requires
usthe use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires our management to
adopt accounting policies and make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reportedexercise its judgment in the
consolidated financial statements. Inprocess of applying
theseour accounting
policies, we make subjective and complex judgments that frequently require estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain.policies. Many of these policies, estimates and related judgments are common in the insurance and financial services industries; others are specific to our businesses and operations. The following sections discuss the accounting policies applied in preparing our financial statements that we believe are most dependent on the application of these judgments and estimates.
Reserves for Long-term Traditional Insurance Contracts Long-term Investment Type Insurance Contracts and Investment Contracts with and without Discretionary Participation Feature
Long-term
Traditional Insurance Contracts. Long-term traditional insurance contracts include whole life and term life insurance, endowment insurance and annuities policies with significant life contingency risk. Premiums are recognized as revenue when due from policyholders.
Benefits and expenses are provided againstsuch revenue to recognize profits over the estimated life of the policies. Hence,
The reserve for
single premium and limited pay contracts, premiums are recorded as income when due with the percent-of-premium profit margin deferred and recognized in income in a constant relationship to the amount of insurance in-force for lifelong-term insurance contracts
andrepresents the
amountpresent value of
expected benefit payments for annuities. Liabilities arising fromfuture payouts that will be required to fulfil the contractual obligations, taking account of margin. The long-term
traditional insurance contracts
comprise a policyholder reserve basedliabilities are calculated using various assumptions, including assumptions on
the net level premium valuation method and actuarial assumptions as to mortality, persistency, expenses, withdrawals and investment return including, where appropriate, a provision for adverse deviation and a deferred profit liability for the deferred percent-of- premium profit margin. The assumptions are established at policy issue and remain unchanged unless adverse experience causes a deficiency in liability adequacy test.The determination of the liabilities under long-term traditional insurance contracts is dependent on estimates made by us. For the long-term traditional insurance contracts, estimates are made in two stages. Assumptions about mortality rates, morbidity rates, lapse rates, investment returnsdiscount rate, and administrationexpenses assumption, and claim settlementbased on the following principles:
The reserves for long-term insurance contracts are recognized on the basis of best estimates of future payouts that will be required to fulfill the contractual obligations. These expenses refer to the expected net future cash outflows for the insurance contracts, which is the difference between the expected future cash outflows and the expected future cash inflows. The expected future cash inflows include cash inflows rising from the undertaking of insurance obligations. The expected future cash outflows are madecash outflows incurred to fulfill contractual obligations, consisting of the following:
| (i) | | The guaranteed benefits based on contractual terms, including payments for deaths, disabilities, diseases, survivals, maturities and surrenders. |
81
| (ii) | | Additional non-guaranteed benefits, such as policyholder dividends. |
| (iii) | | Expenses incurred to manage insurance contracts or to process claims, including administration and claim settlement expenses. |
| | | Various assumptions for the estimates are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and any changes will be recognized in net profit. |
Margin has been taken into consideration while computing the reserve of insurance contracts, measured separately and recognized in the net profit in each period over the life of the contracts. At the inception of the contract. These assumptions are described below. A provision for adverse deviation in experience is added to the assumptions, where appropriate. Assumptions are “locked in” for the duration of the contract. New estimates are made each subsequent year in order to determine whether the previous liabilities are adequate in the light of these latest estimates. If the liabilities are considered adequate, the assumptions arecontracts, we do not altered. If they are not adequate, the assumptions are altered, or “unlocked”, first by reducing the provision for adverse deviation and then by reflecting current best estimate assumptions. A key feature of the adequacy testing for these contracts is that the effects of changes in the assumptionsrecognize Day 1 gain, whereas on the other hand, Day 1 loss is recognized as incurred.
| | | Margin is comprised of risk margin and residual margin. Risk margin is the reserve accrued to compensate for the uncertain amount and timing of future cash flows. At the inception of the contract, the residual margin is calculated net of certain acquisition costs by us for not recognizing the Day 1 gain. The residual margin is amortized over the life of the contracts. The subsequent measurement of residual margin is independent from the best estimate of future discounted cash flows and risk margin. The assumption changes have no effect on the subsequent measurement of residual margin. |
We have considered the impact of
the liabilities and related assets are not symmetrical. Any improvements in experience will have no impacttime value on the
value of the liabilities and related assets until the liabilities are derecognized. However, a significant deterioration in experience can lead to an immediate increase in the liabilities.reserve calculation for insurance contracts.
We establish liabilities for long-term traditional insurance contracts based on the following assumptions:
Interest rates
For the insurance contracts of which future returns are affected by the investment yields of corresponding investment portfolios, investment return assumptions are based upon estimates of future yields on our investments. For policies issued prior to 2003, we useapplied as discount rates which increase annuallyto assess the time value impacts on reserve computation. In developing discount rate assumptions, we consider investment experience, current and future investment portfolio and trend of the yield curve. The discount rate reflects the future economic outlook as well as our investment strategy. The assumed discount rate with risk margin ranges from 3.8%3.50% to 5.00% for the year of issuance2008 and ranges from 4.40% to 5.0% for year 2012 and the years thereafter, with a provision for adverse deviation ranging from 0.25% to 0.50%, as applicable. In determining our interest rate assumptions, we consider past investment experience, the current and future mix of our investment portfolio and trends in yields. Based on a review of our investment performance and market conditions, we established the discount rates for policies issued from 2003 to 2008. In 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively, the discount rates increase annually from 4.0%, 3.7% and 3.65%5.00% for the year of issuance to 5.2% for the year 2013 and the years after, 5.17% for the year 2013 and the years thereafter and 5.0% for the year 2012 and the years thereafter, with a provision for adverse deviation ranging from 0.25% to 0.5%, as applicable. We established the discount rate for policies issued in 2006, such that it is 5.0% for the year 2006 and increases annually from 4.6% for the year 2007 to 5.4% for the year 2013 and the years thereafter, with a provision for adverse deviation ranging from 0.25% to 0.6%, as applicable. We established the discount rate for policies issued in 2007, such that it is 5.5% for the year 2007 and the years after, with a provision for adverse deviation of 0.5%. We established the discount rate for policies issued in 2008, such that it is 3.625% for the year of issuance and 4.0% for the year 2009 and 5.5% for the year 2013 and the years thereafter, with a provision for adverse deviation ranging from 0.125% to 0.50%, as applicable. The interest rates we assume for future years reflect our expectations of the future economic conditions and our investment strategies.2009.
| | �� | | OurFor the insurance contracts of which the future returns are not affected by the investment yields of the corresponding investment portfolios, we use discount rate assumption to assess the time value impacts based on the “yield curve of reserve computation benchmark for insurance contracts”, published on “China Bond” website, with the consideration includes the liquidity spreads, taxation impacts and other relevant factors. The assumed discount rate with risk margin ranges from 2.81% to 4.95% for the year of 2008 and ranges from 2.69% to 5.32% for the year of 2009.
|
| | | The discount rate assumption is affected by certain factors, such as future macro-economy, fiscal policies, capital market results and availability of investment channels for investments of our insurance funds. We determine discount rate assumption based on the information obtained at the end of each reporting period including consideration of risk margin. |
82
The mortality and morbidity assumptions are based on our historical mortality and morbidity experience. The assumed mortality rates and morbidity rates are varying by age of the insured and contract type.
| | | We base our mortality assumptions on China Life Insurance Mortality Table (2000-2003), adjusted where appropriate to reflect our recent historical mortality experience. The main source of uncertainty with life insurance contracts is that epidemics and wide-ranging lifestyle changes could result in deterioration in future mortality experience, thus leading to an inadequate liability. Similarly, continuing advancements in medical care and social conditions could result in improvements in longevity that exceed those allowed for in the estimates used to determine the liability for contracts where we are exposed to longevity risk. |
| | | We base our morbidity assumptions for critical illness products on analysis of historical experience and expectations of future developments. There are two main sources of uncertainty. First, wide-ranging lifestyle changes could result in future deterioration in morbidity experience. Second, future development of medical technologies and improved coverage of medical facilities available to policyholders may bring forward the timing of diagnosing critical illness, which demands earlier payment of the critical illness benefits. Both could ultimately result in an inadequate liability if current morbidity assumptions do not properly reflect such secular trends. |
| | | Risk margin is considered in our mortality and morbidity rates vary by age of the insured, and lapse rates vary by contract type. They are based on expected experience at the date of contract issue plus, where applicable, a margin for adverse deviation. We review our assumptions for mortality, morbidity and lapse rates periodically, and adjust the assumption rates, where appropriate, for the policies to be issued in the subsequent year. The lapse rates of our policies from 2006 to 2008 did not change significantly. The lapse rates of certain types of policies were higher in 2005 than in 2004 and higher in 2004 than in 2003, which we believe was primarily due to an increase in competition and the impact ofassumptions. |
| governmental regulations prohibiting enterprises and other organizations from using their funds to purchase commercial group policies for individuals. In setting the mortality assumption, mortality experience was compared to and expressed as a percentage of the “CL” series of life tables. These tables were compiled by the People’s Insurance Company of China in 1994 and 1995 and issued by the PBOC, which was the principal regulatory authority of the insurance industry at the time. The tables are based on policy samples drawn from 43 subsidiaries and branches and the mortality experience of these sample policies during the period January 1, 1990 to December 31, 1993 were studied. On December 19, 2005, the CIRC issued new series of life tables, as well as relevant rules on the application of these new tables, effective as of January 1, 2006.
|
Our assumptions for policy administration expenses are
The expense assumption has been based on expected unit costs with the consideration of risk margin. Unit costs have been based on an analysis of actual experience.experience and expressed on both a per-policy and a percent-of-premium basis. Our expense assumption is effected by certain factors, such as inflation, market competition and other factors. We determine expense assumption based on the information obtained at the end of each reporting period with the consideration of risk margin. We have estimated the percentage of premiums costs used for year 1999 through 2002 to be 2% of premiums for 2002 and years prior thereto; 1.75% of premiums for 2003, 1.65-2.55%1.59% to 1.74% of premiums for individual life products and 1.65% of premiums1.54% for group life products for 2004; 1.50-1.80%2008; and 1.05% to 1.17% of premiums for individual life products and 1.30% of premiums1.01% for group life products for 2005; and 1.60-1.85% of premiums for individual life products and 1.50% of premiums for group life products, for 2006, 2007 and 2008,2009, in each case plus a fixed per-policy expense.
The lapse rates and other assumptions are effected by certain factors, such as future macro-economic trends, availability of financial substitutions, market competition and other factors, which brings uncertainty to lapse rate and other assumptions. The lapse rates and other assumptions are determined with reference to past experience where creditable, current conditions, future expectations and other information obtained at the end of each reporting period with consideration of risk margin.
We did not change our process used to determine assumptions for the insurance contracts, which are detailed in Note 13 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this annual report.
Long-term Investment Type InsuranceUniversal Life Contracts and InvestmentUnit-linked Contracts with Discretionary Participation Feature.Long-term investment type
Universal life contracts and unit-linked contracts are unbundled into the following components:
Insurance components; and
Non-insurance components.
83
The insurance
contracts include life insurance and annuity contracts with significant investment features but with sufficiently significant insurance risk to still be considered insurance contracts under HKFRS4.HKFRS4 permits the existing accounting policies to be applied to all contracts deemed to becomponents are accounted for as insurance contracts, and the non-insurance components are accounted for as investment contracts, which are stated in the investment contracts liabilities.
Investment Contracts
Revenue from investment contracts with or without discretionary participationparticipating features under HKFRS4. As a result, these long-term investment type insurance contracts and investment contracts with discretionary participation features continue to be accounted for as follows: revenue from these contractsis policy fee income, which consists of various charges including, among others, policy fees, handling fees and management fees, and surrenderduring the period. Excess charges made against the contract for theover certain acquisition cost of insurance, expenses and early surrender. Excess first year charges are deferred as an unearned revenue liability and are recognized in incomeamortized over the expected life of the contracts.
Except for unit-linked contracts,
in a constant relationship to estimated gross profits. Toof which the
extent unrealized gains or losses from available-for-sale securities affectliabilities are carried at fair value, the
estimated gross profits, shadow adjustments are recognized in equity. Policy benefits and claims that are charged to expenses include benefit claims incurred in the year in excessliabilities of
related contract balances and interest credited to these contracts.The liability for long-term investment type insurance contracts and investment contracts with discretionary participation features are recognized as accumulation of deposits received less charges plus interest credited.
For participating business, included in long-term traditional insurance contracts, long term investment type insurance contracts and investment contracts with discretionary participation features, we determine annually the amount of distributable surplus that must ultimately be paid to the participating policyholders in the form of policyholder dividends. Distributable surplus includes the life policyholders’ share of net investment income, unrealized appreciation of certain investments and mortality gains associated with the participating business. This share is specified by the insurance contract or by local insurance regulations. Each year, management determines how much of the total distributable surplus is to be paid in the form of policyholder dividends during the following fiscal year.
Investment contracts without discretionary participation feature. Investment contracts without discretionary participation feature are not considered to be insurance contracts and are accounted for as a financial liability. The liability for investment contracts without discretionary participation feature is recognized as the accumulation of deposits received less charges plus interest credited.
Revenue from these contracts consists of various charges, including policy fees, handling fees, management fees and surrender charges, made against the contract for the cost of insurance, expenses and early surrender.
Excess first year charges are deferred as an unearned revenue liability and are recognized in income over the life of the contracts in a constant relationship to estimated gross profits.
Deferred Income. Deferred income includes the deferred profit liability arising from long-term traditional insurance contracts and the unearned revenue liability arising from long-term investment type insurance contracts and investment contracts. Both deferred income amounts will be released to income statement over the remaining lifetime of the business.
carried at amortized cost.
Debt securities that we have the ability and positive intent to hold to maturity are classified as held-to-maturity. These investments are carried at amortized cost. Debt securities and equity securities that we purchase with the intention to resell in the short term are classified as financial assets at fair value through income. Debt securities and equity securities other than those classified as held-to-maturity or financial assets at fair value through income are classified as available-for-sale securities. We regularly review the carrying value of our investments. If there is objective evidence of other-than-temporary impairment, the carrying value is reduced through a charge to income statement. The following are the policies used:
Financial assets at fair value through income.This category has two sub-categories: financial assets held for trading and those designated at fair value through income at inception. A financial asset is classified as held for trading at inception if acquired principally for the purpose of selling in the short-term or if it forms part of a portfolio of financial assets in which there is evidence of short term profit-taking. Any other additional financial asset may be designated at fair value through income at inception by us.
Held-to-maturity securities.Held-to-maturity securities are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments and debt securities that we have the positive intention and ability to hold to maturity.
Available-for-sale securities.Available-for-sale securities are non-derivative financial assets that are either designated in this category or not classified in either of the other categories.
Financial assets other than those accounted for as at fair value through income are adjusted for impairments, where there are declines in value that are considered to be other than temporary.an impairment. In evaluating whether a decline in value is other than temporaryan impairment for debt securities and equity securities, we consider several factors including, but not limited to the following: (a) significant financial difficulty of the issuer or debtor; (b) a breach of contract, such as a default or delinquency in payments; (c) it becomes probable that the issuer or debtor will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganization; and (d) the disappearance of an active market for that financial asset because of financial difficulties. In evaluating whether a decline in value is impairment for equity securities, we also consider the extent andor the duration of the decline; (b) the financial condition, and near-term prospects, of the issuer; and (c) our ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time to allow for a recovery of value.decline. When the decline in value is considered other than temporary, relevant financial assetsimpairment, held-to-maturity debt securities are written down to their net realizedpresent value of estimated future cash flows discounted at the securities effective interest rates; available-for-sale debt securities and equity securities are written down to their fair value, and the chargechange is recorded in “Net realized gains/(losses) on financial assets” in the period the impairment is recognized. The impairment loss is reversed through the income statementnet profit if in a subsequent period the fair value of a debt security increases and the increase can be objectively related to an event occurring after the impairment loss was recognized through income statement.the net profit. The impairment losses recognized in net profit on equity instruments are not reversed.
84
As of December 31, 2009, debt securities of RMB 87,856 million contain guarantees issued by third parties and, of those, 82.0% were guaranteed by either the Chinese government or a Chinese government controlled financial institution. Of the guarantees issued by government or government controlled financial institutions, 53.8% relates to a guarantee issued by a Chinese government ministry for debt securities issued by a government railway infrastructure entity. We monitor the credit worthiness of the third parties which have issued these guarantees using local Chinese credit ratings which are generally only utilized within China.
The fair value of the financial assets and liabilities is determined as follows:
Debt securities.The fair values of debt securities are generally based on current bid prices. Where current bid prices are not readily available, fair values are estimated using either prices observed in recent transactions, values obtained from current bid prices of comparable investments and valuation techniques when the market is not active.
Equity securities.The fair values of equity securities are generally based on current bid prices. Where current bid prices are not readily available, fair values are estimated using either prices observed in recent transactions or commonly used market pricing model. Equity securities, for which fair values cannot be measured reliably, are recognized at cost less impairment.
Term deposits (excluding structured deposits), loans and securities purchased or sold under agreements to resell or repurchase.The carrying amounts of these assets in the balance sheet approximate fair values.
Structured deposits. As the market for structured deposits is not active, we establish fair value by using discounted cash flow analysis and option pricing models as the valuation technique. We use the U.S. dollar swap rate, the benchmark rate, to determine the fair value of financial instruments.
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
The costs
Valuations are generally obtained from third party pricing services for identical or comparable assets, or through the use of acquiring newvaluation methodologies using observable market inputs, or recent quoted market prices. Valuation service providers typically gather, analyze and renewal business including commissions, underwriting and policy issue expenses, which vary with and are primarilyinterpret information related to market transactions and other key valuation model inputs from multiple sources, and, through the productionuse of newwidely accepted internal valuation models, provide a theoretical quote on various securities.
We utilize one pricing service for all of our debt securities. This pricing service provider is the only publicly-recognized pricing service provider in China, and renewal business,its pricing information is used by the mutual fund industry and almost all companies in China. The prices obtained from the pricing service are deferred. Deferred policy acquisition costsnon-binding. Our review and testing have shown the prices obtained from our pricing service to be appropriate. As such, during the year ended December 31, 2009, we did not consider it necessary to adjust the prices obtained from our pricing service.
For the year ended December 31, 2009, RMB 118,399 million of RMB 343,562 million debt securities with prices obtained from our pricing service were issued by the Chinese government and government controlled organizations. This pricing service utilized a discounted cash flow valuation model using market observable inputs (interest rates) to determine a fair value. There are subjectno other significant market inputs. As such, we have classified these debt securities as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
Management subjects the fair values provided by valuation service providers to
recoverability testing at the timea number of
policy issue and at the end of each accounting period. Future investment income is taken into account in assessing recoverability.Deferred policy acquisition costs for long-term traditional insurance contracts are amortized over the premium paying period asvalidation procedures. These procedures include a constant percentage of expected premiums. Expected premiums are based upon assumptions defined at the date of policy issue. These assumptions are consistently applied throughout the premium paying period unless adverse experience causes a deficiency in liability adequacy test.
Deferred policy acquisition costs for long-term investment type insurance contracts and investment contracts are amortized over the expected lifereview of the contractsvaluation models utilized and the results of these models, as a constant percentwell as our own test recalculation of the present valueprices obtained from the pricing service at each reporting date.
85
We consider a combination of estimated gross profits expected to be realized over the lifemany factors in determining whether we believe a market for a financial instrument is active or inactive. Among these factors include:
whether there has been any trades within past 30 days of the contract. To reporting date;
the extent unrealized gains or lossesvolume of the trades within this 30 day period; and
the degree which the implied yields for a debt security for observed transactions differs from
available-for-sale securities affectour understanding of the
estimated gross profits, shadow adjustments are recognized in the shareholders’ equity. Estimated gross profits include expected amounts to be assessed for mortality, administration, investmentcurrent relevant market rates and
surrender less benefit claims in excess of policyholder balances, administrative expenses and interest credited. Estimated gross profits are revised regularly and the future interest rate used to compute the present value of revised estimates of expected gross profits is the latest revised rate applied to the remaining benefit periods. Deviations of actual results from estimated experience are reflected in the income statement.information.
Premium and policy fees.Premiums.Premiums from long-term
traditional life insurance contracts are recognized as revenue when due from the policyholders.
Revenue from long-term investment type insurance contracts and investment contracts consists of policy fees, handling fees, management fees and surrender charges assessed for the cost of insurance, expenses and early surrenders during the year which are recognized when due.Premiums from the sale of short-term accident and health insurance contracts are recorded when written and are accreted to earnings on a pro-rata basis over the term of the related policy coverage. Contracts for which the period of risk differs significantly from the contract period recognize premiums over the period of risk in proportion to the amount of insurance protection provided.
NetPolicy fee income.Revenue from investment contracts is recognized as policy fee income, which consists of various charges (including policy fees, handling fees, management fees) over the period during which service is provided. Excess charges over certain acquisition costs are deferred as unearned revenue and amortized over the expected life of the contracts. Policy fee income is presented as other income.
Investment income.Net investmentInvestment income is comprised of interest income from term deposits, cash and cash equivalents, debt securities, securities purchased under agreements to resell, loans, and dividend income from equity
securities less interest expense from securities sold under agreements to repurchase (or the “repurchase agreements”) and investment expenses.securities. Interest income is recorded on an accrual basis using the effective interest rate method. Dividend income is recognized when the right to receive a dividend payment is established.
Deferred income tax is recognized, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements. Substantively enacted tax rates are used in the determination of deferred income tax.
Deferred income tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be recognized.
Deferred income tax is provided on temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries and associates except where the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.
Recently Issued Accounting StandardsIn September 2006, the FASB issued FAS 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (FAS 157). FAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. In February 2008, the FASB issued FSP 157-1, “Application of FASB Statement No. 157 to FASB Statement No. 13 and Other Accounting Pronouncements That Address Fair Value Measurements for Purposes of Lease Classification or Measurement under Statement 13”. Also in February 2008, the FASB issued FSP 157-2, “Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157”, which defers the effective date of FAS 157 to fiscal years beginning after 15 November 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years.
We adopted
FAS 157 on January 1, 2008 except for non-financial assetsall standards, amendments and
liabilities recognized or disclosed at fair value on a recurring basis, and disclosed financial information under FAS 157 on our consolidated financial statement.In February 2007, the FASBinterpretations issued FAS 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (FAS 159). FAS 159 permits entities to choose to measure at fair value many financial instruments and certain other items that are not currently required to be measured at fair value. Subsequent changes in fair value for designated items will be required to be reported in earnings in the current period. FAS 159 also establishes presentation and disclosure requirements for similar types of assets and liabilities measured at fair value. FAS 159 is effective for financial statements issued for accounting periods beginning on or after November 15, 2007. We adopted this guidance on January 1, 2008 and it did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
In April 2007, the FASB issued FSP FIN 39-1, “Amendment of FASB Interpretation No. 39.” FSP FIN 39-1 modifies FIN No. 39, “Offsetting of Amounts Related to Certain Contracts,” and permits companies to offset cash collateral receivables or payables with net derivative positions under certain circumstances. This FSP is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and is required to be applied retrospectively to financial statements for all periods presented. We adopted this guidance on January 1, 2008 and it did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
In December 2007, the FASB issued FAS 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements.” FAS 160 will change the accounting for minority interests, which will be recharacterized as noncontrolling interests and classified by the parent companyIASB that were effective as a component of equity. The noncontrolling interests’ share of subsidiary income should be reported as a part of consolidated net income with disclosure of the attribution of consolidated net income to the controlling and noncontrolling interests on the face of the consolidated statement of income. This statement is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008, with early adoption prohibited. Upon adoption, FAS 160 requires retroactive adoption of the presentation and disclosure requirements for existing minority interests and prospective adoption for all other requirements. We are currently assessing the impact of FAS 160 on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In December 2007, the FASB issued FAS 141R, “Business Combinations.” This statement addresses the accounting for business acquisitions with a number of changes. Among other things, the new standard broadened the transactions or events that are considered business combinations. It requires that all acquisition-related costs be expensed as incurred, and that all restructuring costs related to acquired operations be expensed as incurred. This new standard also addresses the current and subsequent accounting for assets and liabilities arising from contingencies acquired or assumed and, for acquisitions both prior and subsequent to December 31, 2008,
requires the acquirer to recognize changes in the amount of its deferred tax benefits that are recognizable because of a business combination either in income from continuing operations in the period of the combination or directly in contributed capital, depending on the circumstances. This statement is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008, with2009. In addition, we early adoption prohibited, and generally applies to business acquisitions completed after December 31, 2008. We are currently assessing the impact of FAS 141R on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In February 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 140-3, “Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets and Repurchase Financing Transactions.” FSP FAS 140-3 provides guidance on accounting for a transfer of a financial asset and a repurchase financing and presumes that an initial transfer of a financial asset and a repurchase financing are considered part of the same arrangement (linked transaction) under Statement 140. However, if certain criteria are met, the initial transfer and repurchase financing shalladopted IAS 24 Related Party Disclosure (Revised 2009) which was not be evaluated as a linked transaction and shall be evaluated separately under Statement 140. This FSP is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Earlier application is not permitted. We are currently assessing the impact of this FSP on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In March 2008, the FASB issued FAS 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities—an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133”. The standard requires additional quantitative disclosures (provided in tabular form) and qualitative disclosures for derivative instruments. The required disclosures include how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows; the relative volume of derivative activity; the objectives and strategies for using derivative instruments; the accounting treatment for those derivative instruments formally designated as the hedging instrument in a hedge relationship; and the existence and nature of credit-risk-related contingent features for derivatives. FAS 161 does not change the accounting treatment for derivative instruments. FAS 161 is effective for our financial statements for the year beginning on January 1, 2009. We are currently assessing the impact of this statement on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In April 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 142-3, “Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets”, which amends the factors an entity should consider in developing renewal or extension assumptions used in determining the useful life of recognized intangible assets under SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” This guidance for determining the useful life of a recognized intangible asset applies prospectively to intangible assets acquired individually or with a group of other assets in either an asset acquisition or business combination. FSP FAS 142-3 is effective for our financial statements for the year beginning on January 1, 2009. We are currently evaluating the impact that FSP FAS 142-3 will have on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In May 2008, the FASB issued FSP Accounting Principles Board (APB) Opinion 14-1, “Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May Be Settled in Cash upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash Settlement)”. FSP APB 14-1 requires recognition of both the liability and equity components of convertible debt instruments with cash settlement features. The debt component is required to be recognized at the fair value of a similar instrument that does not have an associated equity component. The equity component is recognized as the difference between the proceeds from the issuance of the note and the fair value of the liability. FSP APB 14-1 also requires an accretion of the resulting debt discount over the expected life of the debt. Retrospective application to all periods presented is required. FSP APB 14-1 is effective for our financial statements for the year beginning on January 1, 2009. We are currently evaluating the impact that FSP APB 14-1 will have on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In May 2008, the FASB issued FAS 163, Accounting for Financial Guarantee Insurance Contracts. This Statement requires that an insurance enterprise recognize a claim liability prior to an event of default (insured event) when there is evidence that credit deterioration has occurred in an insured financial obligation. This Statement also clarifies how FAS 60 applies to financial guarantee insurance contracts, including the recognition
and measurement to be used to account for premium revenue and claim liabilities. It also requires expanded disclosures about financial guarantee insurance contracts. This Statement does not apply to financial guarantee insurance contracts that would be within the scope of FAS 133. The standard will be effective for us beginning January 1, 2009. We are currently assessing the impact of this FSP on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In June 2008, the FASB issued FSP Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Issue 03-6-1, “Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions Are Participating Securities”. This FSP addresses whether instruments granted in share-based payment transactions are participating securities prior to vesting and, therefore, need to be included in the earnings allocation in computing earnings per share (“EPS”) under the two-class method described in paragraphs 60 and 61 of FASB Statement No. 128, Earnings per Share. The FSP will be effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2008. All prior period EPS data presented shall be adjusted retrospectively to conform to the provisions of this FSP. We are currently assessing the impact of this FSP our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In September 2008, the FASB issued FSP 133-1 and FIN 45-4, “Disclosures about Credit Derivatives and Certain Guarantees: An Amendment of FASB Statement 133 and FASB FIN 45; and Clarification of the Effective Date of FASB Statement 161” (FSP 133-1). FSP 133-1 requires expanded disclosures about credit derivatives and guarantees. The expanded disclosure requirements for FSP 133-1 were effective but not applicableallowed for our financial statements for the year ending December 31,2008. The adoption of FSP 133-1 did not impact our results of operations, cash flows or financial position.early adoption.
In September 2008, EITF Issued 08-07: “Accounting for Defensive Intangible Assets”. This issue applies to acquired intangible assets in situations in which an entity does not intend to actively use the asset, but intends to hold the asset to prevent others from obtaining access to the asset, except for intangible assets that are used in research and development activities. This issue is effective for our financial statements for the year beginning on January 1, 2009. We are currently evaluating the impact that EITF 08-07 will have on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.86
In December 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 132(R)-1, which amends FASB Statement No. 132 (revised 2003), Employers’ Disclosures about Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits, to provide guidance on an employer’s disclosures about plan assets of a defined benefit pension or other postretirement plan. It also includes a technical amendment to Statement 132(R) that requires a nonpublic entity to disclose net periodic benefit cost for each annual period for which a statement of income is presented. The disclosures about plan assets required by this FSP shall be provided for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2009. We are currently evaluating the impact that FSP APB 14-1 will have on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In December 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 140-4 and FIN 46(R)-8, “Disclosures by Public Entities (Enterprises) about Transfers of Financial Assets and Interests in Variable Interest Entities”. It amends FAS 140 “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities—a replacement of FASB Statement No. 125” to require public entities to provide additional disclosures about transferors’ continuing involvements with transferred financial assets. It also amends FIN 46 (revised December 2003) “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities—an interpretation of ARB No. 51” (FIN 46R) to require public enterprises, including sponsors that have a variable interest in a VIE, to provide additional disclosures about their involvement with VIEs. The expanded disclosure requirements for FSP FAS 140-4 and FIN 46(R)-8 are effective for the first period ending after 15 December 2008, with earlier application encouraged. We are currently assessing the impact on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In December 2008, the FASB issued FSP FIN 48-3 “Effective Date of FIN No. 48 for Certain Nonpublic Enterprises”. This FSP defers the effective date of FIN 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, for certain nonpublic enterprises. FSP FIN 48-3 is not applicable for us.
In January 2009, the FASB issued FSP EITF 99-20-1, “Amendments to the Impairment and Interest Income Measurement Guidance of EITF Issue No. 99-20”. FSP EITF 99-20-1 changed the guidance for the determination of whether an impairment of certain non-investment grade, beneficial interests in securitized financial assets is considered other-than-temporary. FSP EITF 99-20-1 is effective for our financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2008. The adoption of FSP EITF 99-20-1 did not impact our results of operations, cash flows or financial position.
In April 2009, the FASB issued FSP FAS 141(R)-1, “Accounting for Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed in a Business Combination That Arise from Contingencies”. This FSP amends and clarifies FAS 141 (revised 2007), Business Combinations, to address application issues raised by preparers, auditors, and members of the legal profession on initial recognition and measurement, subsequent measurement and accounting, and disclosure of assets and liabilities arising from contingencies in a business combination. This FSP shall be effective for assets or liabilities arising from contingencies in business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. We are currently assessing the impact on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In April 2009, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-4, Determining Fair Value When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly. This FASB Staff Position (FSP) provides additional guidance for estimating fair value in accordance with FASB Statement No. 157,Fair Value Measurements, when the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability have significantly decreased. This FSP also includes guidance on identifying circumstances that indicate a transaction is not orderly. This FSP shall be effective for interim and annual reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009, and shall be applied prospectively. Early adoption is permitted for periods ending after March 15, 2009. We are currently assessing the impact on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In April 2009, the FASB issued FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2 Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments. This FASB Staff Position (FSP) amends the other-than-temporary impairment guidance in U.S. GAAP for debt securities to make the guidance more operational and to improve the presentation and disclosure of other-than-temporary impairments on debt and equity securities in the financial statements. This FSP does not amend existing recognition and measurement guidance related to other-than-temporary impairments of equity securities. The FSP shall be effective for interim and annual reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009, with early adoption permitted for periods ending after March 15, 2009. We are currently assessing the impact on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In recent years, China has not experienced significant inflation, and thus inflation has not had a significant effect on our business during the past
threetwo years. According to the China Statistical Bureau, China’s overall national inflation rates, as represented by the general consumer price index, were approximately
(0.7%), 5.9%, 4.8%, 1.5%
, and 1.8%
and 3.9% in
2009, 2008, 2007, 2006
and 2005,
and 2004, respectively.
Foreign Currency Fluctuation See “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the People’s Republic of China—Government control of currency conversion and the fluctuation of the Renminbi may materially and adversely affect our operations and financial results” and “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk—Foreign Exchange Risk”.
Year Ended December 31, 20082009 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 20072008 Net Premiums Earned and Policy Fees Net premiums earned
and policy fees increased by
RMB23,246RMB 9,900 million, or
20.9%3.7%, to
RMB134,650RMB 275,077 million in
20082009 from
RMB111,404RMB 265,177 million in
2007.2008. This increase was primarily due to
increases in net premiums earned from the individual life insurance and accident and health insurance businesses, andan increase in
policy fees from the individual life insurance
business. Net premiums earned from participating products of long-term traditional insurance contracts were RMB60,305 million in 2008, an increase of RMB13,333 million, or 28.4%, from RMB46,972 million in 2007. This increase was primarily due to our increased sales efforts for participating products. Of total net premiums earned in 2008, RMB2,134 million was attributable to single premium products and RMB106,425 million was attributable to regular premium products (including both first-year and renewal premiums). Of total net premiums earned in 2007, RMB1,978 million was attributable to single premium products and RMB90,304 million was attributable to regular premium products (including both first-year and renewal premiums).business volume.
Individual Life Insurance Business Net premiums earned
and policy fees from the individual life insurance business increased by
RMB22,964RMB 9,581 million, or
23.3%3.8%, to
RMB121,434RMB 261,694 million in
20082009 from
RMB98,470RMB 252,113 million in
2007.2008. This increase was primarily due to
increasesthe adjustment of our business structure to focus more on sales of products with regular premiums, which resulted in
the business volumea more steady increase of
traditionalour first-year premiums and
participating products of individual life insurance business.renewal premiums.
Group Life Insurance Business Net premiums earned
and policy fees from the group life insurance business decreased by
RMB672RMB 150 million, or
44.7%44.2%, to
RMB831RMB 189 million in
20082009 from
RMB1,503RMB 339 million in
2007.2008. This decrease was primarily due to the
significant impact on the supplemental enterprise annuity market from the enterprise annuity policy put forward by the government. Under such circumstance, we changedadjustment of our business
modeldevelopment strategies to focus more on development of risk-type products and
actively readjusted ourto reduce the proportion of group annuity
business strategy.products.
Accident and HealthShort-term Insurance BusinessNet premiums earned from
the accident and healthshort-term insurance business
(both of which comprise short-term products) increased by
RMB954RMB 469 million, or
8.3%3.7%, to
RMB12,385RMB 13,194 million in
20082009 from
RMB11,431RMB 12,725 million in
2007. Gross written2008. Net premiums earned from the accident insurance business increased by
RMB658RMB 864 million, or
12%14.3%, to
RMB6,153RMB 6,886 million in 2009 from RMB 6,022 million in 2008
from RMB5,495 million in 2007 and
gross writtennet premiums earned from the health insurance business
increaseddecreased by
RMB485RMB 395 million, or
7.6%5.9%, to
RMB6,889RMB 6,308 million in
20082009 from
RMB6,404RMB 6,703 million in
2007.2008. These increases were primarily due to our increased
salesdevelopment efforts for accident and health insurance
businesses.Net business.
Investment IncomeNet investment
Investment income
increaseddecreased by
RMB30RMB 6,056 million, or
0.1%13.5%, to
RMB44,050RMB 38,890 million in
20082009 from
RMB44,020RMB 44,946 million in
2007. This increase was primarily due to the increase of fixed-income investment, which offset in part the decrease in investment yield.As of December 31, 2008, total investment assets were RMB937,403 million, an increase of RMB87,194 million, or 10.3%, from RMB850,209 million in 2007.2008. The net investment yield for the year ended December 31, 20082009 was 4.96%5.78%, with a 0.82.30 percentage point decreaseincrease from the net investment yield of 5.76%3.48%% for the year ended December 31, 2007.2008.
87
Investment Income from Securities at Fair Value through Income
Investment income from securities at fair value through income decreased by RMB 567 million, or 62.9%, to RMB 335 million in 2009 from RMB 902 million in 2008. This
decrease was primarily due to
a decrease in the
total volume of financial assets at fair value through income and a decrease of dividends from
equity investments.Net Realized Gains on Financial Assets
Net realized gains on financial assetssecurities investment funds.
Investment Income from Available-for-Sale Securities
Investment income from available-for-sale securities decreased by RMB21,901RMB 5,948 million, or 142.4%26.3%, to RMB(6,516)RMB 16,688 million in 20082009 from RMB15,385RMB 22,636 million in 2007.2008. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease of dividends from securities investment funds.
Investment Income from Held-to-Maturity Securities
Investment income from held-to-maturity securities increased by RMB 637 million, or 6.9%, to RMB 9,882 million in 2009 from RMB 9,245 million in 2008. This was primarily due to an increase in interest income resulting from favorable structural adjustments of our investments in debt securities.
Investment Income from Term Deposits
Investment income from term deposits decreased by RMB 573 million, or 5.0%, to RMB 10,805 million in 2009 from RMB 11,378 million in 2008. This was primarily due to a decrease in interest income from deposits resulting from a decline in interest rates.
Investment Income from Loans
Investment income from loans increased by RMB 476 million, or 68.4%, to RMB 1,172 million in 2009 from RMB 696 million in 2008. This was primarily due to an increase in interest income from investments in bonds investment programs.
Net Realized Gains/(Losses) on Financial Assets
Net realized gains/(losses) on financial assets increased by RMB 27,208 million to RMB 21,244 million in 2009 from RMB (5,964) million in 2008.
Debt Securities
Net realized gains/(losses) on financial assets from debt securities increased by RMB 901 million, or 36.9%, to RMB 3,346 million in 2009 from RMB 2,445 million in 2008. This was primarily due to an increase in income from the sharp fallpurchase and sale of debt securities resulting from our adjustment of debt investment strategies by taking advantage of market opportunities.
Equity Securities
Net realized gains/(losses) on financial assets from equity securities increased by RMB 26,307 million to RMB 17,898 million in 2009 from RMB (8,409) million in 2008. This was primarily due to an increase in income from the capital market.purchase and sale of stocks and fund interests by taking advantage of favorable stock market conditions and a decrease in assets impairment.
88
Net Fair Value GainsGains/(Losses) on Assets at Fair Value Through Income (Held-for-Trading) We reflect net fair value gainsgains/(losses) on assets at fair value through income (held-for-trading) in current year income. Our net fair value gainsgains/(losses) on assets at fair value through income (held-for-trading) decreasedincreased by RMB26,139RMB 8,643 million or 138.7%, to RMB(7,296)RMB 1,449 million in 20082009 from RMB18,843RMB (7,194) million in 2007. In particular, net2008.
Debt Securities
Net fair value gainsgains/(losses) on assets at fair value through income (held-for-trading) of RMB287 million onfrom debt securities which decreased by RMB79RMB 577 million, or 21.6%192.3%, from RMB366to RMB (277) million in 2007.2009 from RMB 300 million in 2008. This decrease was primarily due to the sharp falla decrease of the capital market. market value of debt securities (held-for-trading) resulting from unfavorable market conditions.
Equity Securities
Net fair value
gainsgains/(losses) on assets at fair value through income
(held-for-trading) of RMB(7,583) million onfrom equity securities
decreasedincreased by
RMB26,060RMB 9,220 million
or 141.0%, from RMB18,477to RMB 1,726 million in
2007. This decrease was primarily due to the sharp fall of the capital market.Other Income
Other income increased by RMB203 million, or 11.8%, to RMB1,9232009 from RMB (7,494) million in 2008 from RMB1,720 million in 2007.2008. This was primarily due to the increase in the fee income from relevant agency business.
Deposits and Policy Fees
Deposits are gross additions to long-term investment-type insurance contracts and investment contracts (collectively, investment-type contracts). Total deposits increased by RMB82,042 million, or 87.1%, to RMB176,269 million in 2008 from RMB94,227 million in 2007. This increase was primarily due to an increase in business volume. Policy fees increased by RMB6,033 million, or 78.4%, to RMB13,724 million in 2008 from RMB7,691 million in 2007. This increase was primarily due to an increase in the proportion of investment-type products with higher policy fee charges. Total deposits from participating products increased by RMB70,699 million, or 85.0%, to RMB153,880 million in 2008 from RMB83,181 million in 2007. Total policy fees from participating products increased by RMB5,565 million, or 100%, to RMB11,128 million in 2008 from RMB5,563 million in 2007.
Individual Life Insurance Business
Deposits in the individual life insurance business increased by RMB83,094 million, or 115.3%, to RMB155,163 million in 2008 from RMB72,069 million in 2007. This increase was primarily due to an increase in the sales of investment-type contracts. Policy fees from the individual life insurance business increased by RMB6,153 million, or 87.1%, to RMB13,217 million in 2008 from RMB7,064 million in 2007. This increase was primarily due to an increase of the proportion of investment-type contracts with higher policy fee charges.
unrealized profits from stocks and fund interests resulting from favorable market conditions.
Group Life Insurance BusinessOther IncomeDeposits in the group life insurance business
Other income decreased by
RMB1,052RMB 790 million, or
4.7%23.1%, to
RMB21,106RMB 2,630 million in
20082009 from
RMB22,158RMB 3,420 million in
2007.2008. This
decrease was primarily due to a decrease in
the sales volume of investment-typepolicy fee income from investment contracts.
Policy fees from the group life insurance business decreased by RMB120 million, or 19.1%, to RMB507 million in 2008 from RMB627 million in 2007. This change was primarily due to a decrease in the investment-type business of group insurance. Accident and Health Insurance BusinessThere are no deposits in our accident and health insurance business.
Insurance Benefits and Claims
Insurance benefits and claims, net of amounts ceded through reinsurance, increased by
RMB13,535RMB 5,089 million, or
17.7%2.2%, to
RMB89,823RMB 237,038 million in
20082009 from
RMB76,288RMB 231,949 million in
2007. This increase was due to the increase in business volume and the accumulation of liabilities. Life insurance death and other benefits increased by RMB347 million, or 2%, to RMB17,777 million in 2008 from RMB17,430 million in 2007. This increase was primarily due to the increase in business volume and the accumulation of liabilities. Life insurance death and other benefits as a percentage of gross written premiums and policy fees were 13.1% and 15.6% in 2008 and 2007 respectively. Interest credited to long-term investment-type insurance contracts increased by RMB2,031 million, or 28.3%, to RMB9,212 million in 2008 from RMB7,181 million in 2007. This increase primarily reflected an increase in the total policyholder account balance. Insurance benefits and claims, net of amounts ceded through reinsurance, attributable to participating products increased by RMB9,569 million, or 25.2%, to RMB47,531 million in 2008 from RMB37,962 million in 2007. Of these insurance benefits and claims attributable to participating products, life insurance death and other benefits decreased by RMB435 million, or 4.7%, to RMB8,813 million in 2008 from RMB9,248 million in 2007; the increase in liability of long-term traditional insurance contracts increased by RMB8,512 million, or 37.8%, to RMB31,060 million in 2008 from RMB22,548 million in 2007; and the interest credited to long-term investment-type insurance contracts increased by RMB1,492 million, or 24.2%, to RMB7,658 million in 2008 from RMB6,166 million in 2007.2008.
Individual Life Insurance Business Insurance benefits and claims for the individual life insurance business increased by
RMB13,067RMB 5,163 million, or
18.9%2.3%, to
RMB82,057RMB 228,968 million in
20082009 from
RMB68,990RMB 223,805 million in
2007. This increase was due to the increase in business volume and the accumulation of liabilities. Of these insurance benefits and claims, life insurance death and other benefits increased by RMB452 million, or 2.7 %, to RMB16,915 million in 2008 from RMB16,463 million in 2007. This increase was primarily due to the increase in the number of policies in force, the accumulation of liabilities and an increase in the number of insurance policies reaching maturity. The increase in liability of long-term traditional insurance contracts increased by RMB10,587 million, or 23.3%, to RMB55,957 million in 2008 from RMB45,370 million in 2007. The increase in liability of long-term traditional insurance contracts was primarily due to the increase in business volume and the accumulation of liabilities.Group Life Insurance Business
Insurance benefits and claims for the group life insurance business decreased by RMB742 million, or 77.7 %, to RMB213 million in 2008 from RMB955 million in 2007. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in the business volume of group life insurance business. Of these insurance benefits and claims, life insurance death and other benefits decreased by RMB105 million, or 10.9%, to RMB862 million in 2008 from RMB967 million in 2007 and the increment in long-term traditional insurance contracts liabilities decreased by RMB640 million to RMB(676) million in 2008 from RMB(36) million in 2007.
Accident and Health Insurance Business
Insurance benefits and claims for the accident and health insurance business increased by RMB1,210 million, or 19.1%, to RMB7,553 million in 2008 from RMB6,343 million in 2007. This increase was primarily due to an increase in business volume.
Interest Credited to Investment Contracts
Interest credited to investment contracts increased by RMB220 million, or 19.3%, to RMB1,358 million in 2008 from RMB1,138 million in 2007. This increase primarily reflected an increase in the total investment contracts account balance. Interest credited to participating investment contracts increased by RMB220 million, or 20.2%, to RMB1,309 million in 2008 from RMB1,089 million in 2007.
Increase in Deferred Income
Increase in deferred income includes the deferred profit liability arising from long-term traditional insurance contracts and the unearned revenue liability arising from long-term investment-type insurance contracts and investment contracts. The increase in deferred income increased by RMB11,280 million, or 114.4%, to RMB21,139 million in 2008 from RMB9,859 million in 2007. This increase was primarily due to an increase in business volume.
Policyholder Dividends Resulting from Participation in Profits
Policyholder dividends resulting from participation in profits decreased by 26,759 million, or 91.5%, to RMB2,492 million in 2008 from RMB29,251 million in 2007. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in investment yield for participating products.
Amortization of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs decreased by RMB1,677 million, or 12.5%, to RMB11,784 million in 2008 from RMB13,461 million in 2007. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in investment yield.
Underwriting and Policy Acquisition Costs
Underwriting and policy acquisition costs primarily reflect the non-deferrable portion of underwriting and policy acquisition costs. Underwriting and policy acquisition costs increased by RMB669 million, or 24.6%, to RMB3,394 million in 2008 from RMB2,725 million in 2007. Underwriting and policy acquisition costs were approximately 2.5% of net premiums earned and policy fees both in 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Of this amount, underwriting and policy acquisition costs in the individual life insurance business increased by RMB409 million, or 20.3%, to RMB2,422 million in 2008 from RMB2,013 million in 2007.2008. This increase was primarily due to an increase in business volume and the more intense market competition. Underwritingaccumulation of insurance liabilities.
Group Life Insurance Business
Insurance benefits and policy acquisition costs inclaims for the group life insurance business decreased by RMB 241 million, or 47.9%, to RMB 262 million in 2009 from RMB 503 million in 2008. This decrease was primarily due to the adjustment of our mix of products to reduce the business volume of group annuity products, which in turn resulted in a decrease of insurance benefits and claims for group annuity products.
Short-term Insurance Business
Insurance benefits and claims for the short-term insurance business increased by RMB8RMB 167 million, or 133.3%2.2%, to RMB14RMB 7,808 million in 20082009 from RMB6RMB 7,641 million in 2007.2008. This increase was primarily due to an increase in business volume and the more intense market competition. Underwriting and policy acquisition costs in the accident and health insurance businessvolume.
89
Investment Contract Benefits
Investment contract benefits increased by RMB255RMB 211 million, or 36.3%10.9%, to RMB958RMB 2,142 million in 20082009 from RMB703RMB 1,931 million in 2007.2008. This increase was primarily due to an increase in businessaverage account balances resulting from the increased volume of investment contracts issued.
Policyholder Dividends Resulting from Participation in Profits
Policyholder dividends resulting from participation in profits increased by RMB 12,816 million, or 767.0%, to RMB 14,487 million in 2009 from RMB 1,671 million in 2008. This increase was primarily due to an increase in the investment yield for participating products.
Underwriting and the more intense market competition.Administrative Expenses
Administrative expenses include the non-deferrable portion ofPolicy Acquisition Costs
Underwriting and policy acquisition costs as well asdecreased by RMB 1,264 million, or 5.2%, to RMB 22,936 million in 2009 from RMB 24,200 million in 2008. This decrease was primarily due to the adjustment of our product structure and improvement of our sales approach. Underwriting and policy acquisition costs were approximately 8.3% and 9.1% of net premiums earned in 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Administrative Expenses
Administrative expenses include employees’ remuneration and other administrative expenses. Administrative expenses increased by
RMB312RMB 2,067 million, or
2.6%12.4%, to
RMB12,110RMB 18,719 million in
20082009 from
RMB11,798RMB 16,652 million in
2007.2008. This increase
was primarily
due to an increase inreflected business
volumedevelopment and
stricter cost control.increased market competition.
Other operating expenses, which primarily consist of foreign exchange losses and expenses for non-core business,
increaseddecreased by
RMB240RMB 1,019 million, or
14.5%29.9%, to
RMB1,891RMB 2,390 million in
20082009 from
RMB1,651RMB 3,409 million in
2007. This increase was primarily due to the increase in donation expense and interest for securities sold under agreements to repurchase.Income Tax
We pay income tax according to applicable Chinese enterprise income tax regulations and rules. Income tax expense, including current and deferred taxations, decreased by RMB4,941 million, or 78.0%, to RMB1,390 million in 2008 from RMB6,331 million in 2007.2008. This decrease was primarily due toreflected a decrease in netforeign exchange losses resulting from a relatively stable interest rate.
Profit before Income Tax
Our profit before income
tax. Our effective tax
rate for 2008 was 6.1%, which decreasedincreased by
7.8 percentage points from an effective tax rate for 2007 of 13.9%. The decrease was due to a decrease of net profit before income tax.Net Profit Attributable to Shareholders of the Company
For the reasons set forth above, net profit attributable to shareholders of the Company decreased by RMB17,602RMB 21,786 million, or 45.3%109.2%, to RMB21,277RMB 41,745 million in 20082009 from RMB38,879RMB 19,959 million in 2007.
2008.
Individual Life Insurance BusinessNet profit in the individual life insurance business decreased by RMB19,946 million, or 48.4%, to RMB21,256 million in 2008 from RMB41,202 million in 2007. This decrease was primarily due to the decrease in investment income.
Group Life Insurance Business
Net profit in the group life insurance business decreased by RMB1,064 million, or 68.1%, to RMB499 million in 2008, from RMB1,563 million in 2007. This decrease was primarily due to the decrease in investment income.
Accident and Health Insurance Business
Net profit in the accident and health insurance business decreased by RMB1,780 million, or 75.6%, to RMB576 million in 2008 from RMB2,356 million in 2007. The decrease was primarily due to the more intense market competition.
Year Ended December 31, 2007 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2006
Net Premiums Earned and Policy Fees
Net premiums earned and policy fees increased by RMB12,557 million, or 12.7%, to RMB111,404 million in 2007 from RMB98,847 million in 2006. This increase was primarily due to increases in net premiums earned from the individual life insurance and accident and health insurance businesses and policy fees from the individual life insurance business. Net premiums earned from participating products of long-term traditional insurance contracts were RMB46,972 million in 2007, an increase of RMB5,971 million, or 14.6%, from RMB41,001 million in 2006. This increase was primarily due to our increased sales efforts for participating endowment products. Of total net premiums earned in 2007, RMB1,978 million was attributable to single premium products and RMB90,304 million was attributable to regular premium products (including both first-year and renewal premiums). Of total net premiums earned in 2006, RMB2,205 million was attributable to single premium products and RMB78,952 million was attributable to regular premium products (including both first-year and renewal premiums).
Individual Life Insurance Business
Net premiums earned and policy fees from the individual life insurance business increased by RMB11,951 million, or 13.8%, to RMB98,470 million in 2007 from RMB86,519 million in 2006. This increase was primarily due to increases in renewal premiums, policy fees and new policy premiums.
Group Life Insurance Business
Net premiums earned and policy fees from the group life insurance business decreased by RMB232 million, or 13.4%, to RMB1,503 million in 2007 from RMB1,735 million in 2006. This decrease was primarily due to changes in government policies and market conditions.
Accident and Health Insurance Business
Net premiums earned from the accident and health insurance business (both of which comprise short-term products) increased by RMB838 million, or 7.9%, to RMB11,431 million in 2007 from RMB10,593 million in 2006. Gross written premiums earned from the accident insurance business increased by RMB347 million, or 6.7%, to RMB5,495 million in 2007 from RMB5,148 million in 2006 and gross written premiums earned from the health insurance business increased by RMB462 million, or 7.8%, to RMB6,404 million in 2007 from RMB5,942 million in 2006. These increases were primarily due to our increased sales efforts for accident and health insurance businesses.
Net Investment Income
Net investment
Profit before income
increased by RMB19,078 million, or 76.5%, to RMB44,020 million in 2007 from RMB24,942 million in 2006. This increase was primarily due to the growth in investment assets during 2007 and an increase in investment yield.As of December 31, 2007, total investment assets were RMB850,209 million, an increase of RMB163,405 million, or 23.8%, from RMB686,804 million in 2006. The net investment yield for the year ended December 31, 2007 was 5.76%, a 1.49 percentage point increase from the net investment yield of 4.27% for the year ended December 31, 2006. This increase was primarily due to increased investments in equity securities, favorable adjustment of our investment portfolio and favorable capital market conditions.
Net Realized Gains on Financial Assets
Net realized gains on financial assets increased by RMB13,790 million, or 864.6%, to RMB15,385 million in 2007 from RMB1,595 million in 2006. This increase was primarily due to an increase of the proportion of equity securities, favorable capital market conditions and the Company realizing gains on a portion of its equity securities.
Net Fair Value Gains on Assets at Fair Value Through Income (Held-for-Trading)
We reflect net fair value gains on assets at fair value through income (held-for-trading) in current year income. Our net fair value gains on assets at fair value through income (held-for-trading) decreased by RMB1,201 million, or 6.0%, to RMB18,843 million in 2007 from RMB20,044 million in 2006. In particular, net fair value gains on assets at fair value through income (held-for-trading) of RMB366 million on debt securities, which increased RMB61 million, or 20.0%, from RMB305 million in 2006. This increase was primarily due to an increase in trading of short-term bonds taking advantage of a raise in interest rates. Net fair value gains on assets at fair value through income (held-for-trading) of RMB18,477 million on equity securities decreased by RMB1,262 million, or 6.4%, from RMB19,739 million in 2006. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease of the proportion of financial assets held for trading.
Other Income
Other income decreased by RMB163 million, or 8.7%, to RMB1,720 million in 2007 from RMB1,883 million in 2006. This was primarily due to a decrease in the fee income received from China Life Insurance (Group) Company, or CLIC, for assisting CLIC to manage its non-transferred policies.
Deposits and Policy Fees
Deposits are gross additions to long-term investment-type insurance contracts and investment contracts (collectively, investment-type contracts). Total deposits increased by RMB2,786 million, or 3.0%, to RMB94,227 million in 2007 from RMB91,441 million in 2006. This increase was primarily due to an increase in business volume. Policy fees increased by RMB594 million, or 8.4%, to RMB7,691 million in 2007 from RMB7,097 million in 2006. This increase was primarily due to an increase in the proportion of investment-type products with higher policy fee charges. Total deposits from participating products increased by RMB1,432 million, or 1.8%, to RMB83,181 million in 2007 from RMB81,749 million in 2006. Total policy fees from participating products increased by RMB370 million, or 7.1%, to RMB5,563 million in 2007 from RMB5,193 million in 2006.
Individual Life Insurance Business
Depositstax in the individual life insurance business increased by RMB1,714RMB 20,694 million, or 2.4%108.5%, to RMB72,069RMB 39,769 million in 20072009 from RMB70,355RMB 19,075 million in 2006.2008. This increase was primarily due to an increase in the sales of investment-type contracts. Policy feesinvestment yields resulting from the individual life insurance business increased by RMB563 million, or 8.7%, to RMB7,064 million in 2007 from RMB6,501 million in 2006. This increase was primarily due to an increase of the proportion of investment-type contracts with higher policy fee charges.
favorable capital market conditions.
Group Life Insurance BusinessDeposits
Profit before income tax in the group life insurance business increased by
RMB1,072RMB 386 million, or
5.1%476.5%, to
RMB22,158RMB 467 million in
20072009 from
RMB21,086RMB 81 million
in 2006.2008. This
increase was primarily due to
an increase in the
adjustment of our business strategies to focus more on sales
volume of
investment-type contracts. Policy fees from the group life insurance business increased by RMB31 million, or 5.2%, to RMB627 million in 2007 from RMB596 million in 2006. This change was primarily due to an increase of the proportion of investment-type contracts with higher policy fee charges.Accident and Health Insurance Business
There are no deposits in our accident and health insurance business.
Insurance Benefits and Claims
Insurance benefits and claims, net of amounts ceded through reinsurance, increased by RMB7,868 million, or 11.5%, to RMB76,288 million in 2007 from RMB68,420 million in 2006. This increase was due to an increase in insurance benefits and claims of individual life insurance business as a result of an increase in business volume and the accumulation of liabilities. Life insurance death and other benefits increased by RMB6,633 million, or 61.4%, to RMB17,430 million in 2007 from RMB10,797 million in 2006. This increase was primarily due to an increase in the number of policies in force and the accumulation of liabilities. Life insurance death and other benefits as a percentage of gross written premiums and policy fees were 15.6% and 10.9% in 2007 and 2006 respectively. Interest credited to long-term investment-type insurance contracts increased by RMB795 million, or 12.4%, to RMB7,181 million in 2007 from RMB6,386 million in 2006. This increase primarily reflected an increase in the total policyholder account balance. Insurance benefits and claims, net of amounts ceded through reinsurance, attributable to participating products increased by RMB4,411 million, or 13.1%, to RMB37,962 million in 2007 from RMB33,551 million in 2006. Of these insurance benefits and claims attributable to participating products, life insurance death and other benefits increased by RMB4,596 million, or 98.8%, to RMB9,248 million in 2007 from RMB4,652 million in 2006; the increase in liability of long-term traditional insurance contracts decreased by RMB797 million, or 3.4%, to RMB22,548 million in 2007 from RMB23,345 million in 2006; and the interest credited to long-term investment-type insurance contacts increased by RMB612 million, or 11.0%, to RMB6,166 million in 2007 from RMB5,554 million in 2006.
Individual Life Insurance Business
Insurance benefits and claims for the individual life insurance business increased by RMB8,585 million, or 14.2%, to RMB68,990 million in 2007 from RMB60,405 million in 2006. This increase was due to an increase in business volume and the accumulation of liabilities. Of these insurance benefits and claims, life insurance death and other benefits increased by RMB6,338 million, or 62.6%, to RMB16,463 million in 2007 from RMB10,125 million in 2006. This increase was primarily due to an increase in the number of policies in force, the accumulation of liabilities and an increase in the number of insurance policies reaching maturity. The increase in liability of long-term traditional insurance contracts increased by RMB1,455 million, or 3.3%, to RMB45,370 million in 2007 from RMB43,915 million in 2006. The increase in liability of long-term traditional insurance contracts was primarily due to an increase in business volume and the accumulation of liabilities.
Group Life Insurance Business
Insurance benefits and claims for the group life insurance business decreased by RMB61 million, or 6.0%, to RMB955 million in 2007 from RMB1,016 million in 2006. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in the increment of long-term traditional insurance contracts liabilities but offset in part by an increase in life insurance death and other benefits. Of these insurance benefits and claims, life insurance death and other benefits increased by RMB295 million, or 43.9%, to RMB967 million in 2007 from RMB672 million in 2006 and the increment in long-term traditional insurance contracts liabilities decreased by RMB359 million, or 111.1%, to RMB(36) million in 2007 from RMB323 million in 2006. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in the contracts in force.
Accident and Health Insurance Business
Insurance benefits and claims for the accident and health insurance business decreased by RMB656 million, or 9.4%, to RMB6,343 million in 2007 from RMB6,999 million in 2006. This decrease was primarily due to improvements in ourrisk-type insurance products structure.
Interest Credited to Investment Contracts
Interest credited to investment contracts increased by RMB142 million, or 14.3%, to RMB1,138 million in 2007 from RMB996 million in 2006. This increase primarily reflected an increase in the total policyholder account balance. Interest credited to participating investment contracts increased by RMB138 million, or 14.5%, to RMB1,089 million in 2007 from RMB951 million in 2006.
Increase in Deferred Income
Increase in deferred income includes the deferred profit liability arising from long-term traditional insurance contracts and the unearned revenue liability arising from long-term investment-type insurance contracts and investment contracts. The increase in deferred income decreased by RMB1,748 million, or 15.1%, to RMB9,859 million in 2007 from RMB11,607 million in 2006. This decrease was primarily due to an increase in amortization of deferred income resulting from the increase in investment yield.
Policyholder Dividends Resulting from Participation in Profits
Policyholder dividends resulting from participation in profits increased by RMB11,634 million, or 66.0%, to RMB29,251 million in 2007 from RMB17,617 million in 2006. This increase was primarily due to an increase in investment yield for participating products, an increase in business volume, as well as an increase in our reserves for participating products.
Amortization of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs increased by RMB3,202 million, or 31.2%, to RMB13,461 million in 2007 from RMB10,259 million in 2006. This increase was primarily due to an increase in the number of policies in force and overall amount of businesswhich are more profitable and an increase in investment yields resulting from favorable capital market conditions.
90
Short-term Insurance Business
Profit before income
tax in
2007.Underwriting and Policy Acquisition Costs
Underwriting and policy acquisition costs primarily reflect the non-deferrable portion of underwriting and policy acquisition costs. Underwriting and policy acquisition costs increasedshort-term insurance business decreased by RMB310RMB 176 million, or 12.8%29.5%, to RMB2,725from RMB 420 million in 20072009 from RMB2,415RMB 596 million in 2006. Underwriting and policy acquisition costs were approximately 2.5% and 2.4% of net premiums earned and policy fees in 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Of this amount, underwriting and policy acquisition costs in the individual life insurance business and group life insurance business together increased by RMB157 million, or 8.4%, to RMB2,019 million in 2007 from RMB1,862 million in 2006.2008. This increase was primarily due to the increase in business volume during the period. Underwriting and policy acquisition costs in the accident and health insurance business increased by RMB150 million, or 27.1%, to RMB703 million in 2007 from RMB553 million in 2006. This increase was primarily due to the increase in business volume and increased market competition.
Administrative Expenses
Administrative expenses include the non-deferrable portion of policy acquisition costs, as well as employees’ remuneration and other administrative expenses. Administrative expenses increased by RMB2,459 million, or 26.3%, to RMB11,798 million in 2007 from RMB9,339 million in 2006. This increase primarily reflected the increase in business volume and increased expenses in connection with improvements to company internal management.
Other Operating Expenses
Other operating expenses, which primarily consist of foreign exchange losses and expenses for non-core business, increased by RMB792 million, or 92.2%, to RMB1,651 million in 2007 from RMB859 million in 2006. This increase primarily reflected an increase in foreign exchange losses due to the appreciation of the RMB and an increase of policyholder dividend crediting interest.
We pay income tax according to applicable Chinese enterprise income tax regulations and rules. Income tax expense, including current and deferred taxations, increased by RMB777RMB 8,024 million, or 14.0%1,171.4%, to RMB6,331RMB 8,709 million in 20072009 from RMB5,554RMB 685 million in 2006.2008. This increase was primarily due to thean increase in our profit. profit before income tax, a decrease in non-taxable income and an increase in additional tax liability from expenses not deductible for tax purposes.
Non-taxable income mainly includes interest income from government bonds and distribution from securities investment funds. The non-taxable income decreased by RMB 1,897 million, or 41.9%, to RMB 2,627 million in 2009 from RMB 4,524 million in 2008.
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes mainly include commissions, brokerage and donation expenses in excess of deductible amounts as allowed by relevant tax regulations. Expenses not deductible for tax purposes increased by RMB 324 million, or 165.3%, to RMB 520 million in 2009 from RMB 196 million in 2008.
Our effective tax rate for
20072009 was
13.9%20.86%, which
decreasedincreased by
7.8%14.8 percentage points from an effective tax rate for
20062008 of
21.7%6.1%. The
decreaseincrease was
primarily due to a decrease in
the statutorynon-taxable income and an increase in additional tax
rateliability from
33%expenses not deductible for
2007 to 25% for 2008 with effect from January 1, 2008 which resulted in a decrease in our deferred tax
liability.purposes.
Net Profit Attributable to Shareholders of the Company For the reasons set forth above, net profit attributable to shareholders of the Company increased by
RMB18,923RMB 13,744 million, or
94.8%71.8%, to
RMB38,879RMB 32,881 million in
20072009 from
RMB19,956RMB 19,137 million in
2006.Individual Life Insurance Business
Net profit in the individual life insurance business increased by RMB17,539 million, or 74.1%, to RMB41,202 million in 2007 from RMB23,663 million in 2006. This increase was primarily due to the increases in investment income and business volume.
Group Life Insurance Business
Net profit in the group life insurance business increased by RMB699 million, or 80.9%, to RMB1,563 million in 2007, from RMB864 million in 2006.2008. This increase was primarily due to an increase in investment yield.
yield resulting from favorable capital market conditions.
Accident and Health Insurance BusinessInvestment AssetsNet profit in the accident and health insurance business
Our total investment assets increased by RMB1,347RMB 234,742 million, or 133.5%25.0%, to RMB2,356RMB 1,172,145 million in 20072009 from RMB1,009RMB 937,403 million in 2006. The2008.
Term Deposits
Term deposits increased by RMB 116,711 million, or 51.1%, to RMB 344,983 million in 2009 from RMB 228,272 million in 2008. This increase in profitability was primarily due to favorable adjustmentour increased efforts for investment in negotiated deposits with floating interest rates.
Held-to-Maturity Investments
Held-to-maturity investments increased by RMB 23,170 million, or 10.9%, to RMB 235,099 million in 2009 from RMB 211,929 million 2008. This was primarily due to an increase in our total investment assets.
91
Available-for-Sale Securities
Available-for-sale assets increased by RMB 92,560 million, or 21.8%, to RMB 517,499 million in 2009 from RMB 424,939 million in 2008. This was primarily due to an increase in our total investment assets.
Securities at Fair Value Through Income
Securities at fair value through income decreased by RMB 4,966 million, or 35.2%, to RMB 9,133 million in 2009 from RMB 14,099 million in 2008. This was primarily due to a decrease in the volume of held-for-trading fund interests.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents increased by RMB 2,112 million, or 6.2%, to RMB 36,197 million in 2009 from RMB 34,085 million in 2008. This was primarily due to an increase in the total investment assets offset in part by the decrease of the proportion of cash and cash equivalents in the total investment assets resulting from our substantially increased investment in negotiated deposits.
Loans
Loans increased by RMB 5,155 million, or 28.8%, to RMB 23,081 million in 2009 from RMB 17,926 million in 2008. This was primarily due to the increased demand for policy loans.
Liabilities
Our total liabilities increased by RMB 200,859 million, or 24.7%, to RMB 1,013 billion in 2009 from RMB 812,622 million in 2008.
Liabilities of Insurance Contracts
Liabilities of insurance products structurecontracts increased by RMB 155,299 million, or 23.4%, to RMB 818,164 million in 2009 from RMB 662,865 million in 2008. This was primarily due to an increase in business volume and the accumulation of insurance liabilities.
Financial Liabilities
Financial liabilities increased by RMB 24,426 million, or 31.9%, to RMB 100,879 million in 2009 from RMB 76,453 million in 2008. This was primarily due to an increase in securities sold under agreements to repurchase.
Policyholder Dividends Payable
Policyholder dividends payable increased by RMB 11,409 million, or 26.4%, to RMB 54,587 million in 2009 from RMB 43,178 million in 2008. This was primarily due to an increase in investment income.yield for participating products and an increase in unrealized profit of financial assets (available for sale).
Annuity and Other Insurance Balances Payable
Annuity and other insurance balances payable increased by RMB 741 million, or 14.9%, to RMB 5,721 million in 2009 from RMB 4,980 million in 2008. This was primarily due to the accumulation of insurance liabilities.
92
Deferred Tax Liabilities
Deferred tax liabilities increased by RMB 6,017 million, or 58.2%, to RMB 16,361 million in 2009 from 10,344 million in 2008. This was primarily due to an increase in unrealized profit from financial assets (available for sale).
Shareholders’ Equity
As of December 31, 2009, shareholders’ equity was RMB 211,072 million and increased by RMB 37,125 million, or 21.3%, from RMB 173,947 million as of December 31, 2008. This increase was primarily due to an increase in business volume and investment yields.
B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES Our principal cash inflows come from insurance premiums,
deposits, proceeds from sales and maturity of financial assets, and net investment income. The primary liquidity concerns with respect to these cash inflows are the risk of early withdrawals by contract holders and policyholders, as well as the risks of default by debtors, interest rate changes and other market volatilities. We closely monitor and manage these risks. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Investments”.
Additional sources of liquidity to meet unexpected cash outflows are available from our investment portfolio. As of December 31,
2008,2009, the amount of cash and cash equivalents was
RMB34,085RMB 36,197 million. In addition, substantially all of our term deposits with banks allow us to withdraw funds on deposit, subject to a penalty interest charge. As of December 31,
2008,2009, the amount of term deposits was
RMB228,272RMB 344,983 million.
As of December 31, 2009, investments in debt securities had a fair value of RMB 582,885 million.
Our investment portfolio also provides us with a source of liquidity to meet unexpected cash outflows. As of December 31,
2008, investments in debt securities had a fair value of RMB592,554 million. As of December 31, 2008,2009, investments in equity securities had a fair value of
RMB75,082RMB 179,405 million. However, the PRC securities market is still at an early stage of development, and we are subject to market liquidity risk because the market capitalization and trading volumes of the public exchanges are
muchrelatively lower than those in more developed financial markets. We
are also
are subject to market liquidity risk due to the large size of our investments in some of the markets in which we invest. From time to time some of our positions in our investment securities may be large enough to have an influence on the market value. These factors may limit our ability to sell these investments at an adequate price, or at all.
Our principal cash outflows primarily relate to the liabilities associated with our various life insurance, annuity and accident and health insurance products, dividend and interest payments on our insurance policies and annuity contracts, operating expenses, income taxes and dividends that may be declared and payable to our shareholders. Liabilities arising from our insurance activities primarily relate to benefit payments under these insurance products, as well as payments for policy surrenders, withdrawals and loans.
We believe that our sources of liquidity are sufficient to meet our current cash requirements.
93
The following sets forth information regarding consolidated cash flows for the periods indicated.
Net cash provided by operating activities was
RMB84,779RMB 149,700 million in
2008, a decrease of RMB38,075 million from RMB122,854 million in 2007. This decrease was primarily due to decrease in net profit before income tax and an increase in actual expense on policy dividends. Net cash provided by operating activities was RMB122,854 million in the year ended December 31, 2007,2009, an increase of
RMB42,502RMB 23,623 million from
RMB80,352RMB 126,077 million in
the year ended December 31, 2006.2008. This increase was primarily due to
increased salesan increase in written premiums and
the maturity of financial assets at fair value through income (held-for-trading).a decrease in claims payments.
Net cash used in investment activities was
RMB156,471RMB 163,751 million in
2008,2009, an increase of
RMB17,957RMB 47,841 million from
RMB138,514RMB 115,910 million in
2007.2008. This increase was primarily due to
the arrangementan increase in total investment assets resulting from an increase of
investmentpremiums received and net cash provided by financing activities.
Net cash used in investment activities was RMB138,514 million in the year ended December 31, 2007, a decrease of RMB2,524 million from 2006. This decrease was primarily due to our increased sales of debt securities.Net cash provided by financing activities was
RMB80,748RMB 16,167 million in
2008,2009, an increase of
RMB89,477RMB 17,278 million from
RMB(8,729)RMB (1,111) million in
2007.2008. This change was primarily due to
the arrangement of investment activities. Net cash provided by financing activities
was RMB(8,729) millionconducted through bond repurchase transactions to provide cash for our investments in
the year ended December 31, 2007, a decrease of RMB92,042 million from 2006. This change was primarily due to large benefit paymentsnegotiated deposits under
long-term investment type insurance contracts and investment contracts.favorable market conditions.
Our global share offering in December 2003 provided cash proceeds of approximately
RMB24,707RMB 24,707 million (US$3,062 million). As
atof the
enddate of
2008,this annual report, a substantial part of the cash proceeds from our global offering was held in bank deposit accounts denominated in foreign currencies in China, part of
which were held as structured deposits.the cash proceeds was invested in stocks listed on overseas stock exchanges, and part of the cash proceeds was invested in debt securities denominated in foreign currencies. We gradually converted approximately US$300 million of the cash proceeds into Renminbi to reduce foreign exchange
risks and used approximately US$425 million for investments in foreign-currency denominated debts in China.risks. We invested approximately US$
250433 million, plus 2,282 million in
H shares of China Construction Bank Corporation at its initial public offering in 2005, a portion of which was sold early 2006. We invested approximately HK$1,175 million for investments in H shares of Bank of China Limited in its initial public offering in May 2006, approximately RMB3,252 million (US$417 million) in the targeted offering of CITIC Securities Co., Ltd. in June 2006, approximately HK$2 billion in H shares of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited in its initial public offering in October 2006 and approximately US$433 million and RMB2,282 million (US$292 million)Renminbi, in Guangdong Development Bank in December 2006.
During the year of 2007, weWe used approximately
US$126 millionHK$5.8 billion for investments in
H shares of China Molybdenum Co., Ltd, China CITIC Bank Corporation, China National Materials Company Limited and China Dongxiang (Group) Co., Ltd. during their initial public offerings in 2007. We used approximately US$264 million for investments in shares of Visa Inc. and approximately US$80 million for investments in H shares of China Railway Construction Company Limited and China South Locomotive & Rolling Stock CorporationSino-Ocean Land Holdings Limited during
their initial public offeringsits target offering in
2008.2009.
Our A share offering in December 2006 provided cash proceeds of approximately
RMB27,810RMB 27,810 million.
We received such cash proceeds on December 29, 2006. As at the end of
2008,2009, the cash proceeds from our A share offering were used to increase our share capital.
Ratio of Assets and Liabilities Our ratio of assets and liabilities (total liabilities divided by total assets) as at December 31, 20082009 and December 31, 20072008 are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at December 31, | | | As at December 31, | |
| | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Ratio of assets and liabilities | | | 82.65 | % | | | 82.29 | % |
| | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, 2008 | | | As of December 31, 2007 | |
Ratio of assets and liabilities | | 82.6 | % | | 77.9 | % |
94
Insurance Solvency Requirements The solvency ratio of an insurance company is a measure of capital adequacy, which is calculated by dividing the actual capital of the company (which is its admissible assets less admissible liabilities, determined in accordance with relevant
CIRC rules) by the minimum capital it is required to meet. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Regulatory and Related Matters—Insurance Company Regulation—Solvency requirements”. The following table shows our solvency ratio as of December 31,
2008: | | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, 2008 | | | As of December 31, 2007 | |
| | | (RMB in millions,
except percentage data) | |
Actual capital | | 124,540 | | | 168,357 | |
Minimum capital | | 40,156 | | | 32,054 | |
Solvency ratio | | 310 | % | | 525 | % |
Our solvency ratio as of2009 and December 31, 2008 was approximately 310%. 2008:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, 2009 | | | As of December 31, 2008 | |
| | | (RMB in millions, | |
| | | except percentage data) | |
| Actual capital | | | 147,119 | | | | 124,561 | |
| Minimum capital | | | 48,459 | | | | 40,154 | |
| Solvency ratio | | | 303.59 | % | | | 310.21 | % |
The decrease in our solvency ratio was due to
an increase in the
substantial growth of insuranceminimum capital requirement resulting from our business
volume and the sharp fall of capital market.development.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments The following
tables settable sets out our contractual obligations and commitments as of December 31,
2008. | | | | | | | | | | |
As of December 31, 2008 | | Not
later
than
1 year | | Later than
1 year but
not later
than 3 years | | Later than
3 years but
not later
than 5 years | | Later
than
5 years | | Total |
| | | (RMB in millions) |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | | 11,395 | | — | | — | | — | | 11,395 |
Off balance sheet operating leases | | 238 | | 285 | | 98 | | 44 | | 665 |
Capital commitments | | 729 | | 149 | | — | | — | | 878 |
Total | | 12,362 | | 434 | | 98 | | 44 | | 12,938 |
| |
Long-term Business | | |
Long-term traditional insurance contracts | | 27,705 | | 62,039 | | 62,444 | | 1,089,686 | | 1,241,875 |
Long-term investment type insurance contracts | | 69,245 | | 122,516 | | 162,313 | | 181,748 | | 535,823 |
Investment contracts with discretionary participation feature | | 14,320 | | 16,824 | | 10,152 | | 50,905 | | 92,201 |
Investment contracts without discretionary participation feature | | 770 | | 419 | | 127 | | 386 | | 1,703 |
Short-term Business | | 6,314 | | — | | — | | — | | 6,314 |
2009.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Later | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | than 3 | | | | | | | |
| | | Not | | | Later than | | | years but | | | | | | | |
| | | later | | | 1 year but | | | not later | | | Later | | | | |
| | | than | | | not later | | | than 5 | | | than | | | | |
| As of December 31, 2009 | | 1 year | | | than 3 years | | | years | | | 5 years | | | Total | |
| | | (RMB in millions) | |
| Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | | | 33,553 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 33,553 | |
| Annuity and other insurance balances payable | | | 5,721 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5,721 | |
| Insurance contracts | | | (7,558 | ) | | | 34,103 | | | | 118,673 | | | | 1,335,276 | | | | 1,480,494 | |
| Investment contracts | | | 18,386 | | | | 20,121 | | | | 13,595 | | | | 34,352 | | | | 86,454 | |
| Off balance sheet operating leases | | | 297 | | | | 371 | | | | 107 | | | | 49 | | | | 824 | |
| Capital commitments | | | 419 | | | | 69 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 488 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 50,818 | | | | 54,664 | | | | 132,375 | | | | 1,369,677 | | | | 1,607,534 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Capital commitments represent our commitments with respect to the acquisition of property, plant and equipment.
The amounts set forth in the table above for
long-term businessinsurance contracts and
short-term businessinvestment contracts in each column are the cash flows representing expected future benefit payments on policies in force as at December 31,
2008,2009, relating to premiums received through December 31, 2008.2009. No consideration is given to future premiums payments or deposits from policyholders (andand the cash flows resulting therefrom),therefrom, even though in the case for traditional insurance policies and certain investment contracts, the receipt of such premiums is necessary for the policies to remain in full force. The estimate is affected by numerous assumptions (depending on the product type), including assumptions related to mortality, morbidity, lapses, withdrawals, credited rates, loss ratio, claim adjustment expenses and other assumptions which affect our estimates of future payments. Many of these assumptions are inherently uncertain and outside our control. Accordingly, the actual experience may differ from our estimates.
Furthermore, as the benefit payments reported in the table above are not discounted from the date of payment back to December 31,
20082009 and do not reflect the impact of future premiums,
or future new deposits, the sum of these payment amounts are different from the amount of corresponding liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31,
2008.2009. Policyholder dividends will not become a contractual obligation until the applicable policy anniversary is reached and the dividend amount is credited to the policy benefit liability or paid to the policyholder, and hence are not included in the table above. Reinsurance recoveries have not been taken into account.
Other than as set forth under capital commitments, we had no material, individually or in the aggregate, purchase obligations as of December 31, 2008.2009.
95
C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES Please refer to our discussion in each section under “—
Overview”Overview of Our Business”, “—Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations”, “—Critical Accounting Policies” and “—Operating Results”.
We review assumptions used in establishing reserves for long term insurance contracts and the impact of changes in these assumptions on our net profit. Changes in these assumptions might have a significant impact on our operating results. The changes in these assumptions resulted in an increase of RMB 8.1 billion in net profit in 2009 and resulted in an increase of RMB 3.7 billion in net profit in 2008. The sensitivity analysis of these assumptions is as follows:
| • | | holding all other variables constant, if mortality rates and morbidity rates increase or decease from current best estimates by 10%, pre-tax profit for the year would have been RMB 8,899 million or RMB 9,290 million lower or higher. |
|
| • | | holding all other variables constant, if lapse rates increase or decease from current best estimates by 10%, pre-tax profit for the year would have been RMB 5,426 million or RMB 5,802 million lower or higher. |
|
| • | | holding all other variables constant, if the discount rates are 50 basis points higher or lower than current best estimates, pre-tax profit for the year would have been RMB 23,429 million or RMB 27,157 million higher or lower. |
See also Note 4.1.3 and Note 13(c) to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report.
E. OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS As of December 31,
2008,2009, we
havehad not entered into any off-balance sheet arrangements.
F. TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS See “—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Contractual Obligations and Commitments”.
96
RECONCILIATION OF HONG KONG FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (HKFRS) AND UNITED STATES GENERALLY ACCEPTED ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES (U.S. GAAP)The consolidated financial statements contained in this annual report have been prepared in accordance with HKFRS. There are no material differences between HKFRS and U.S. GAAP that had an effect on net profit for the years ended December 31, 2006 and shareholders’ equity as at December 31, 2008 and 2007.
Under U.S. GAAP, if an impairment loss is recognized, the adjusted carrying amount of a long-lived asset shall be its new cost basis. Restoration of a previously recognized impairment loss is prohibited. For the year ended December 31, 2008, this difference results in a RMB1,834 million decrease in the U.S. GAAP net profit and a RMB1,834 million increase to the U.S. GAAP equity reserves balance.
Under U.S. GAAP, the impact of changes in tax rate or tax law is included in net income even if the original deferred taxes have been recognized in equity. For the year ended December 31, 2007, this difference results in a RMB4,746 million increase in the U.S. GAAP net profit and a corresponding RMB4,746 million decrease to the U.S. GAAP equity reserves balance. The event does not have impact for the year ended December 31, 2008.
| | |
| ITEM 6. | | DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES.EMPLOYEES |
A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT The following table sets forth information regarding our current directors and executive officers. Unless otherwise indicated, their business address is c/o China Life Insurance Company Limited, 16
Chaowai Avenue, ChaoyangFinancial Street, Xicheng District, Beijing
100020,100033, China.
| | | | |
Name
| | Age | | Position
|
Yang Chao
| | 59 |
| Name | | Age | | Position |
| | | | | | |
| Yang Chao | | | 60 | | | Chairman of the board of directors and executive director |
Wan Feng | | 51 | 52 | | | President and executive director |
Lin Dairen | | 51 | 52 | | | Vice President and executive director |
Liu Yingqi | | 51 | 52 | | | Vice President, executive director and secretary of the board of directors |
Miao Jianmin | | 44 | 45 | | | Non-executive director |
Shi Guoqing | | 57 | 58 | | | Non-executive director |
Zhuang Zuojin | | 57 | 58 | | | Non-executive director |
Long Yongtu
Sun Shuyi | | 66 | | Independent non-executive director |
Sun Shuyi
| | 69 | | | Independent non-executive director |
Ma Yongwei | | 67 | 68 | | | Independent non-executive director |
Chau Tak Hay
Sun Changji | | 66 | 68 | | | Independent non-executive director |
Cai Rang
Bruce Douglas Moore | | 52 | 61 | | | Independent non-executive director |
Ngai Wai Fung
Liu Jiade | | | 47 | | Independent non-executive director |
Liu Jiade
| | 46 | | Vice president |
Zhou Ying | | 55 | 56 | | Vice president and secretary of the commission for disciplinary inspection |
Su Hengxuan
| | 46 | | Vice president |
Liu Anlin
Su Hengxuan | | 46 | 47 | | Chief information technology officer | Vice president |
Hwei-Chung Shao
Miao Ping | | 55 | 52 | | | Vice president |
| Hwei-Chung Shao | | | 56 | | | Chief actuary |
Yang Chaohas been our chairman since July 2005, the president of CLIC since May 2005 and the chairman of CLPCIC since December 2006. Between May 2005 and January 2006, he was our president. Between 2000 and 2005, Mr. Yang was the chairman and
presidentgeneral manager of both China Insurance (Holdings) Company Limited and China Insurance H.K. (Holding) Company Limited. Mr. Yang graduated from Shanghai International Studies University and Middlesex University in the United Kingdom, majored in English and business administration, and
had obtained a Master’s degree in business administration. Mr. Yang, a senior economist, has more than 30 years of experience in the insurance and banking industries, and was awarded
a special allowance by the State Council. He is currently the vice president of National Association of Financial Market Institutional Investors, the chairman of the Chairmanship of China Federation of Industrial Economics,
thea member of Shanghai
international financial center construction advisory committeeInternational Financial Center Construction Advisory Committee and
thea member of Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits.
Wan Fenghas been our president,
since September 2007. He is also thea vice president of CLIC and a director of China Life
Pension.Pension since September 2007. He has been an executive director of our company since June 2006. Prior to serving as our president, he served as a vice president of our company since 2003. Mr. Wan has been in charge of our daily operations and management as authorized by
our board resolution since January 31, 2007. Mr. Wan also serves as a director of CLPCIC since November 2006 and a director of AMC
Limited since January 2006. Mr. Wan received a BA degree in economics from Jilin College of Finance and Trade,
a MBA from Open University of Hong Kong, and
a doctorate in finance from Nankai University in Tianjin. Mr. Wan, a senior economist, has
2728 years of experience in the life insurance industry, and was awarded
a special allowance by the
State Council. He is currently the director of China Life Charity Foundation, the deputy director of China Association of Actuaries, thea deputy director of Insurance Association of China, thean executive director of Insurance Institute of China, anda director of China Insurance Guarantee Fund Committee.
Committee and a director of GDB.
Lin Dairenhas been an executive director of our company since October 27, 2008. Mr. Lin has served as a vice president of our company since 2003, and as the executive director and president of China Life Pension from November 2006. Mr. Lin graduated in 1982 with a Bachelor’sbachelor’s degree in medicine from Shandong Province Changwei Medical Institute. Mr. Lin, a senior economist, has 2728 years of experience in the life insurance industry and has accumulated extensive experience in operationoperations and management. He is currently the executive director of the Insurance Institute of China, the standingexecutive director of the Labor Institute of China Association for Labor Studies,and the executive director of Peking University China Center for Insurance and Social Security Research.
97
Liu Yingqihas been an executive director of our company since October 27, 2008. Ms. Liu has served as a vice president of our company since January
2006.2006, and as the Secretary of our board of directors since May 30, 2008. Ms. Liu has been a director of China Life Pension since November 2006. Between August 2003 and January 2006, Ms. Liu was the chairperson of our board of supervisors. Ms. Liu graduated with a BA in economics from Anhui University in 1982. Ms. Liu,
has over 22 years of experience in operation and management of the life insurance business and insurance administration. Ms. Liu, a senior economist, has extensive experience in operation and
management.management and over 23 years of experience in the operation and management of life insurance businesses and insurance administration. She is currently
thea director of the Insurance Institute of China.
Miao Jianminhas been a non-executive director of our company since October 27, 2008. Mr. Miao has been a vice president of CLIC since December 2005. Currently he also serves as the chairman of both AMC and China Life Franklin Asset Management Company Limited, the Chinese alternate representative of ABAC (APEC Business Advisory Council) and the director of the Insurance Association of China, and was awarded
a special allowance by the State Council.
He is one of the state-level candidates for the New Century Talents Projects of 2009. Mr. Miao graduated from the post-graduate division of the
People’s Bank of ChinaPBOC with a major in money and banking. He studied in the
Insurance Facultyinsurance faculty of Central University of Finance and Economics from 1982 to 1986. Mr. Miao is a senior economist.
Shi Guoqinghas been a non-executive director of our company since 2004. Mr. Shi is also
thea vice president of CLIC from August 2003, and the chairman of China Life Insurance (Overseas) Co., Ltd.,
chairman of China Life-CMG, director of Beijing Oriental Plaza Company Limited, director of Hong Kong Huiyen Holding Company Limited, director of China World Trade Center Limited, director of China World Trade Center Company Limited, director of China World Trade Investments Limited, chairman of Shanghai PICC Tower Limited, and director of Shanghai Lujiazui Finance & Trade Zone United Development Co., Ltd. Mr. Shi graduated from Foreign Trade and Business College of Beijing in 1976. Mr. Shi, a senior economist, has over 30 years of experience in the insurance industry, and has accumulated extensive
experiences bothexperience in the operation and management of insurance businesses.
Zhuang Zuojinhas been a non-executive director of our company since June 2006, and has served as
thea vice president of CLIC from August 2003
and a director of AMC from June 2004. She has acted as a director of China Life Franklin Asset Management Company Limited from May
2006 and a director of China Life-CMG from June 2000.2006. Ms. Zhuang graduated from Correspondence College of CCP School, majored in economics and management and studied probability and statistics (major in insurance actuary) in Zhejiang University from September 1998 to January 2000. Ms. Zhuang, a senior accountant, has worked in the insurance industry for over
2829 years, and has accumulated extensive experience
both in the operation and management of insurance businesses. She is currently the vice president of Financial Accounting Society of China.
Long Yongtu has been an independent non-executive director of our company since 2003 and is also the secretary general of Boao Asian Forum. Before leaving government in early 2003, Mr. Long served as the vice minister and chief negotiation representative of MOFTEC (now the Ministry of Commerce) from 1997 onwards. Mr. Long also served as the assistant to the minister, director of International Trade and Economic Affairs, and as director of International Communication in the same ministry. A 1965 graduate of the Foreign Language
Department of Guizhou University, Mr. Long studied at the London School of Economics between 1973 and 1974 and received an honorary doctorate of economics from the London School of Economics and Political Science in 2005.
Sun Shuyihas been an independent
non-executive director of our company since 2004. He is the executive vice president of China Federation of Industrial Economics, vice chairman of
the United China Enterprise Association, executive vice president of China Enterprise Association,
deputy supervisor of China Brand Promotion Committee,and a member of the
10th10th Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. From 1993 to 2001, Mr. Sun acted as the deputy general
Managermanager of General Office of the Central Steering Committee of Financial Affairs of China, deputy minister of Ministry of Labour
and deputy party secretary of Central Government Enterprise Working Committee. Mr. Sun graduated from the University of Science and Technology of China in 1963 and is a senior engineer and certified public accountant.
Ma Yongweihas been an independent non-executive director of our company since 2006. Mr. Ma has been a member of the Standing Committee of National Committee of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference since 2003. He was the chairman of the CIRC from 1998 to 2002. From 1996 to 1998, he served as the chairman and president of former China Insurance Group Company. FromCompany, from 1994 to 1996 he served as the chairman and president of former People’s Insurance Company of China. FromChina and from 1984 to 1994 Mr. Ma served as the governor of Agricultural Bank of China. Mr. Ma graduated from finance department of Liaoning Finance and Economic University in 1966. Mr. Ma, a researcher, has over 37 years of experience in the banking industry and the insurance industry.
98
Chau Tak HaySun Changjihas been an independent
non-executive director of our company since
2003. PriorMay 2009. From January 1968, Mr. Sun worked in Sichuan Oriental Turbine Factory, serving as a section head, workshop director, deputy factory manager and factory manager. In July 1991, he was appointed as the deputy director-general of the production department of the Ministry of Machinery Industry of China, and he became the vice minister of the Ministry of Machinery Industry of China in April 1993. In April 1998, he became the first deputy director-general of the State Administration of Machinery Industry of China (deputy ministerial level). He became the deputy party secretary and vice president (deputy ministerial level) of Bank of China in January 1999. From September 1999 to
this,August 2001, he served concurrently as the president of China Orient Asset Management Corporation. He became the vice chairman of Bank of China in November 2000, the vice chairman of Bank of China (Hong Kong) Limited in September 2001 and the secretary of commission for disciplinary inspection of Bank of China in June 2003 concurrently. From August 2004, he has served primarily as the vice chairman of Bank of China (Hong Kong) Limited and the vice chairman of China Machinery Industry Federation concurrently. Mr.
Chau occupiedSun, now a
number of important positions in the Hong Kong Government. They include secretary for Commerce and Industry, secretary for Broadcasting, Culture and Sport, director General of Trade, and secretary for Health and Welfare. Mr. Chauresearcher-level senior engineer, graduated from
theTsinghua University
of Hong Kong in
1967.September 1966.
Cai RangBruce Douglas Moorehas been an independent
non-executive director of our company since
2004.May 2009. From 2002 to 2007, Mr. Moore was partner-in-charge of Asian actuarial services for Ernst & Young. He
iswas based in Beijing for this job. He had served in actuarial leadership roles with Ernst & Young in New York and Tokyo. From 1995 to 2000, he was the
party secretary and deputy general managerhead of
China Ironinternational actuarial services in New York with Ernst &
Steel Research Institute Group, and the vice chairman of Advanced TechnologyYoung. In 2000, Mr. Moore worked with Ernst &
Materials Company Limited, committee member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference ofYoung in Beijing and
committee memberwas in charge of
Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference.the business in Asian markets (including Japan). In 2001, he was responsible for Japan actuarial services in Tokyo. In 2002, he was responsible for Asian actuarial services (including Japan actuarial services) in Beijing. From
19981982 to
March 2007,1995, he worked in various senior financial management roles at Prudential Life Insurance (U.S.). Mr.
Cai was the president of Advanced Technology & Materials Company Limited. In 1982, Mr. CaiMoore graduated from
the Machinery Faculty of the Northeastern IndustryBrown University
in 1971, with a
Bachelor’s degreemajor in
machinery architecture. He pursued post graduate studies at New York State University from 1984 to 1986 to obtainapplied mathematics. Mr. Moore is an FSA, FCAS, MAAA and CFA. Mr. Moore has over 35 years of experience serving the insurance industry as an executive or a
MBA degree. He pursued on-the-job studies in the School of Business Administration of Renmin University of China from 1997 to 2001 and obtained a Doctor’s Degree in business administration. From 1997 to 1998, Mr. Cai was a visiting professor of the Cambridge University in the UK. Mr. Cai Rang is a professor-level senior engineer, and was awarded special allowance by the State Council.consultant.
Ngai Wai FungSupervisors has been an independent non-executive director of our company since December 29, 2006. He is the non-executive chairman of Top Orient Group of Companies, director and head of listing services of KCS Limited (formally the commercial division of KPMG and GT), vice president of the Hong Kong Institute of Chartered Secretaries, and the chairman of its China Affairs Committee and Membership Committee. He has held many senior management positions of a number of listed companies in Hong Kong, including COSCO, China Unicom Limited and Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (Asia) Ltd. He is a fellow of The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants, Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants, fellow member of The Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators and The Hong Kong Institute of Company Secretaries, and member of The Hong Kong Institute of Directors and Hong Kong Securities Institute. Mr. Ngai graduated from Andrews University of Michigan in 1992, and obtained a Master’s Degree in business administration, and graduated from Hong Kong Polytechnic University in 2002, and obtained a Master’s Degree in Finance. He is currently studying for a doctorate in finance at the Shanghai University of Finance and Economics.Board of Supervisors
Supervisors
The following table sets forth information regarding our current supervisors.
| | | | |
Name
| | Age | | Position
|
Xia Zhihua
| | 53 |
| Name | | Age | | Position |
| | | | | | |
| Xia Zhihua | | | 54 | | | Chairperson of board of supervisors |
Wu Weimin
Shi Xiangming | | 57 | 51 | | Shareholder representative supervisor | Supervisor |
Qing Ge
Yang Hong | | 58 | 43 | | | Employee representative supervisor |
Yang Hong
Wang Xu | | 42 | 43 | | | Employee representative supervisor |
Tian Hui | | 57 | 58 | | Outside supervisor | Supervisor |
Xia Zhihuahas been a supervisor of our company since January 2006 and the chairperson of the supervisory committeeour board of our companysupervisors since March 2006. Ms. Xia served as the State Council’s representative in CLIC, designated supervisor of bureau level grade official and office director of the board of supervisors of China Export & Credit Insurance Corporation from August 2003 to December 2005. Before, Ms. Xia had 16 years work experience in the State Ministry of Finance and experience inrelating to economic and financial management.management and 6 years of working experience as the State Council’s representative in the board of supervisors of state-owned important financial institutions. Ms. Xia graduated from department of Economicseconomics at Xiamen University in 1982 and received a BA degree in politics and economics. She graduated from department of economics at Xiamen University in 1984 and received a MA degree in world economics.
99
Wu WeiminShi Xiangminghas been
a supervisor of our company since 2003, and is currently the deputy general manager our Beijing auditing center. From August 2003 to September 2008, Mr. Wu served as of the general manager of the
compliancesupervisory department
and deputy secretary of disciplinary committee. Mr. Wu graduated from China Insurance Management Staff Institute majored in insurance. He is a senior economist.Qing Ge has been a supervisor of our company since June 2006. He is currentlySeptember 2008. Mr. Shi served as the deputy general manager of the human resources department and the office director of our Trade Union of the Beijing IT Center. He was the general manager of our trade union department and the deputy director for the committee of the our trade union departmentcompany from September 20052003 to October 2007.September 2008. From March 2002 to August 2003, Mr. Qing wasShi served as the deputy general manager of our Beijing office from September 2003 to September 2005.supervisory department of China Life Insurance Company. Mr. Qing, a senior economist,Shi graduated from the South Chinachemistry school of the first branch college of Beijing University, of Technology with university qualification.
and received a bachelor’s degree in science.
Yang Honghas been a supervisor of our company since October 2006 and is currently the general manager of our customer service department. From July 2003 to October 2006, Ms. Yang served as assistant general manager and deputy general manager of
theour business management department. Ms. Yang graduated in the computer department of Jilin University with a bachelor’s degree.
Wang Xuhas been the office director of our company since April 2009. He served as the deputy office director (in charge), deputy general manager of the group life insurance sales department, and deputy chief, chief and deputy general manager of the health insurance department of our company from January 1999 to April 2009. He also served as a doctor-in-charge of the orthopedics department of China Aerospace Central Hospital from 1989 to 1999. Mr. Wang graduated from Suzhou Medical Institute with a bachelor’s degree in medicine in 1989 and obtained a financial MBA degree from Chinese University of Hong Kong in 2004. Mr. Wang is an associate senior doctor.
Tian Huihas been a supervisor of our company since June 2004. He is currently the director and party secretary of China Coal International Engineering Research Institute. He was the director and party secretary of China Coal International Engineering Research Institute from June 2006 to April 2008
and director and deputy party secretary of China Coal International Engineering Research Institute from 2000 to 2006. Mr. Tian obtained
Bachelor’s and Doctor’s degreesa bachelor’s degree from Fuxin Minery School and
a doctor’s degree from China University of Mining & Technology Beijing respectively. Mr. Tian is a professor-level senior engineer and a
Mastermaster of China
Construction Design,construction design, and was awarded
a special allowance by the State Council.
Wan Feng, see
“Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—“—Directors and Senior Management—Directors” for his profile.
Lin Dairen, see
“Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—“—Directors and Senior Management—Directors” for his profile.
Liu Yingqi, see
“Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—“—Directors and Senior Management—Directors” for her profile.
Liu Jiadehas been a vice president of our company since 2003 and a director of AMC from June 2004. Mr. Liu has served as
a director of China Life Franklin Asset Management Company Limited since May 2006, and as a director of GDB since December 2006. He became the vice director of the finance bureau of the Ministry of Finance since 2000. Mr. Liu is a graduate of Central Finance College in 1984 (now Central University of Finance and Economics), with a bachelor’s degree in public finance. He is currently
the member of Insurance Solvency Standard Committee, thea director of the Insurance Institute of China and
thea member of the State Ministry of Finance Accounting Informationization Committee.
Zhou Yinghas been a vice president of our company since August 2008 and served as the secretary of theour commission for disciplinary inspection of the Company since November 2006. Mr. Zhou served as the director of the fifth officeFifth Office (at deputy bureau level) and as a designated directorsupervisor at (deputy bureau level) in Beijing State-owned Enterprise Supervisory Committee (at deputy bureau level) from May 2004 to November 2006. Mr. Zhou graduated from University of Science and Technology of China with a MBA.
100
Su Hengxuanhas been a vice president of our company since August 2008. Mr. Su served as
assistant to president of our
assistant presidentCompany from January 2006 to July 2008. Mr. Su has acted as a director of CLPCIC since November 2006,
and a director of Insurance Professional College since December 2006 and
a director of China Life Security Insurance Agency Company Limited since December 2007. He was the general manager of our individual life insurance business department from 2003 to 2006. Mr. Su graduated from Banking School, Henan Province in 1983 and graduated from Wuhan University in 1998 with a
Bachelor’sbachelor’s degree in insurance and finance,
majoringmajored in insurance. Mr. Su, a senior economist, has over
2627 years of experience in the Chinese life insurance industry and insurance management. He is currently the chairman of
insurancethe Insurance Marketing Association of
the Insurance Association of China.
Liu AnlinMiao Pinghas been
a vice president of our
chief information technology officercompany since
July 2006 andDecember 2009. He served as the general manager of
Beijing R&D Center since June 2008.our Jiangsu branch from September 2006. Mr.
Liu wasMiao served as the
deputy head and general manager of our
information technology departmentJiangxi branch from
November 2002 to July 2006.September 2004 and as a deputy general manager of our Jiangsu branch from April 2002. Mr.
LiuMiao graduated from
Mathematics and Mechanics Departmentthe Correspondence College of
LanzhouYangzhou University
andin 1996, majored in
computer mathematics, witheconomics and management. Mr. Miao, a
bachelor’s degreesenior economist, has 29 years of experience in
science in 1985the operation of life insurance business and
obtained a master’s degree in business administration from Tsinghua University in 2006. He is studying the
doctorate in risk management
in Beijing Normal University.of insurance business.
Hwei-Chung Shao has
served asbeen our chief actuary since March 2007.
Prior to that, Ms. Shao
had been thewas a senior deputy president and chief actuary of subsidiaries
underof the Prudential Financial Group of the United States, and has accumulated extensive working experience in insurance companies. She acted as the president and senior officer of many actuary societies, and obtained the qualifications of CFA (Chartered Financial Consultant),
CERA (Chartered Enterprise Risk Analyst), CEBS (Certified Employee Benefit Specialist), CHFC (Chartered Financial Consultant), CLU (Chartered Life Underwriter), MAAA (Member of the American Academy of Actuaries), FSA
(Fellow of the Society of Actuaries), etc. Ms. Shao obtained a
Bachelor’sbachelor’s degree from National Chengchi University in Taiwan and a
Master’smaster’s degree from
the University of Iowa, U.S. She is currently
thea member of Society of Actuaries of Greater China.
Compensation of Directors, Supervisors and Officers Our directors, supervisors and executive officers receive compensation in the form of salaries, bonuses, housing allowances and other benefits-in-kind, including our contribution to the pension plan on behalf of our directors, supervisors and executive officers. As required by PRC regulations, we participate in various defined contribution retirement plans organized by provincial and municipal governments for our employees, including employees who are directors, supervisors and executive officers.
101
The following table sets forth the amounts of compensations
payablepaid to each of our directors and supervisors for the fiscal year ended December 31,
2008. | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Name | | Salaries/
Fees | | Discretionary
Bonus | | Inducement
Fees | | Other
Benefits | | Compensation
for loss of
office as
director | | Total |
| | | In RMB |
Yang Chao | | 1,390,000 | | 290,000 | | — | | — | | — | | 1,680,000 |
Wan Feng | | 1,320,000 | | 280,000 | | — | | — | | — | | 1,600,000 |
Lin Dairen | | 1,180,000 | | 330,000 | | — | | — | | — | | 1,510,000 |
Liu Yingqi | | 1,180,000 | | 330,000 | | — | | — | | — | | 1,510,000 |
Miao Jianmin | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — |
Shi Guoqing | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — |
Zhuang Zuojin | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — |
Long Yongtu | | 300,000 | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 300,000 |
Sun Shuyi | | 320,000 | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 320,000 |
Ma Yongwei | | 300,000 | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 300,000 |
Chau Tak Hay | | 320,000 | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 320,000 |
Cai Rang | | 320,000 | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 320,000 |
Ngai Wai Fung | | 320,000 | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 320,000 |
Xia Zhihua | | 1,180,000 | | 330,000 | | — | | — | | — | | 1,510,000 |
Wu Weimin | | 603,400 | | 196,600 | | — | | — | | — | | 800,000 |
Qing Ge | | 603,400 | | 196,600 | | — | | — | | — | | 800,000 |
Yang Hong | | 553,000 | | 237,000 | | — | | — | | — | | 790,000 |
Tian Hui | | — | | — | | — | | 150,000 | | — | | 150,000 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | 9,889,800 | | 2,190,200 | | — | | 150,000 | | — | | 12,230,000 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
2009. The total compensation package for our directors and supervisors for the year ended December 31, 2009 has not yet been finalized in accordance with regulations of the relevant PRC authorities. The amount of the compensation not provided for is not expected to have a significant impact on our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2009. We will make further disclosure of the amount of the final compensation when it is determined.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Compensation | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | for loss of | | | | |
| | | | | | | Inducement | | | Other | | | office as | | | | |
| Name | | Salaries/Fees | | | Fees | | | Benefits | | | director | | | Total | |
| | | In RMB | |
| Yang Chao | | | 864,168 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 864,168 | |
| Wan Feng | | | 929,600 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 929,600 | |
| Lin Dairen | | | 855,733 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 855,733 | |
| Liu Yingqi | | | 855,733 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 855,733 | |
| Miao Jianmin | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| Shi Guoqing | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| Zhuang Zuojin | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| Sun Shuyi | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| Ma Yongwei | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| Sun Changji | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| Bruce Douglas Moore | | | 157,500 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 157,500 | |
Long Yongtu(1) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Chau Tak Hay(1) | | | 112,500 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 112,500 | |
Cai Rang(1) | | | 112,500 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 112,500 | |
Ngai Wai Fung(1) | | | 112,500 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 112,500 | |
| Xia Zhihua | | | 855,733 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 855,733 | |
| Shi Xiangming | | | 337,283 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 337,283 | |
| Yang Hong | | | 553,000 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 553,000 | |
| Wang Xu | | | 322,583 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 322,583 | |
| Tian Hui | | | 120,000 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 120,000 | |
Wu Weimin(2) | | | 251,417 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 251,417 | |
Qing Ge(2) | | | 251,417 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 251,417 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 6,691,667 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 6,691,667 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| (1) | | Resigned as the independent non-executive director on May 25, 2009.
|
|
| (2) | | Resigned as the employee representative supervisor on May 25, 2009. |
The following table sets forth the amounts of
compensations payablecompensation paid to each of our executive officers other than those disclosed in the table above, including vice presidents and assistant to
our president who are not our directors and our chief
investment officer, chief information technology officer, chief actuary and chairman of
the communist party disciplinary commission, for the year ended December 31,
2008.2009. The total compensation package for our executive officers for the year ended December 31, 2009 has not yet been finalized in accordance with regulations of the relevant PRC authorities. The amount of the compensation not provided for is not expected to have a significant impact on our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2009. We will make further disclosure of the amount of the final compensation when it is determined.
The HKSE Listing Rules do not require the disclosure of compensation of senior management on an individual basis. The following information was disclosed by us in our A share annual report for the fiscal year ended December 31,
2008.2009. | | |
Name
| | | | |
| Name | | Total | |
| | | In RMB | |
Liu Jiade
| | 1,510,000 |
Zhou Ying
| | 1,510,000 |
Su Hengxuan
| | 1,400,000 |
Liu Lefei(1)
| | 1,340,000 |
Liu Anlin
| | 1,340,000 |
Liu Tingan(2)
| | 560,000 |
Hwei-Chung Shao
| | 4,347,230 |
| | |
Total
Liu Jiade | | 12,007,230 | 850,000 | |
| Zhou Ying | | | 850,000 | |
| Su Hengxuan | | | 850,000 | |
| Miao Ping | | | 60,000 | |
Liu Lefei(3) | | | 170,000 | |
Liu Anlin(4) | | | 700,000 | |
| Hwei-Chung Shao | | | 2,930,000 | |
| | | |
| | | | |
Total | | | 4,860,000 | |
| | | |
(1) | On | |
| (3) | | Removed as our chief investment officer on January 19, January 2009, the Fourteenth Meeting of the Second Session of the Board of Directors passed the “Proposal by Wan Feng, President of the Company, submitted to the Board of Directors2009. |
|
| (4) | | Removed as our chief information technology officer on the Designation of Mr. Liu Lefei to CITIC Securities Company Limited and Removal of his Position as the Chief Investment Officer of the Company”.December 21, 2009. |
(2) | Mr. Liu Tingan resigned as secretary of our board of directors on May 30, 2008. |
102
The aggregate amount of compensation we paid to our five highest paid individual employees, including four directors and one other employee during the year ended December 31,
2008,2009, was approximately
RMB10,647,230RMB 6,435,000 (US$
1,560,605)942,733). The amount of compensation we paid to our highest paid individual employee, during the year ended December 31,
2008,2009 was approximately
RMB4,347,230RMB 2,930,000 (US$
637,190)429,247).
Senior Management Compensation System Our senior management’s compensation consists of four components, including basic salaries, performance-based salaries, fringe benefits and
mid-termmid to long-term incentive compensation.
We have set up a
complete and streamlinedcomprehensive performance management system.
In particular, aA performance appraisal method
with respect tofor officers of our headquarters is used to appraise the performance of the officers annually based on the achievement of insurance contract
objective. Indicesobjectives. Measures for such appraisal include
a quantitative index for business performance as well as
a qualitative index for management performance. Specifically, the business performance index
comprisesincludes our major business indices, establishing a connection between the achievement of our major business
targettargets and
the officers’ performance appraisal.
In accordance with relevant policies of the PRC government, no stock appreciation rights of our company were granted or exercised in
2008.2009.
For other details of
the senior management compensation,
system, please refer to “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Compensation—Senior Management Compensation System” in our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007, as filed on April 25, 2008.
Our board of directors consists of
13eleven members. Our directors are elected to serve a term of three years, which is renewable upon re-election. Our directors are elected at meetings of our shareholders, and, unless they resign at an earlier date, are deceased or removed, will serve three-year terms. The term of our current board of directors started in
June 2006May 2009 and will expire in
June 2009.May 2012. Our directors are not currently entitled to severance benefits other than benefits provided by law upon termination of employment. In the event
China Lifeour Company is acquired, including an acquisition of control by another person, and a director leaves employment or retires following the acquisition, the director may receive severance and other payments upon approval by the shareholders in general meeting.
We have identified various board members as being “independent”, in accordance with Hong Kong laws and regulations. These requirements vary in certain respects from independence requirements under U.S. law. The members of our audit committee are independent as
construeddefined by the rules of
the Securities and Exchange Act and the New York Stock Exchange
which are applicable to us.
The PRC company law requires a joint stock company with limited liability to establish a board of supervisors. Our board of supervisors is responsible for monitoring our financial matters and supervising the
actions of our board of directors and our management personnel. Our board of supervisors consists of five members. One-third of our board of supervisors must be elected by our employees. The remaining members must be elected by our shareholders in a general meeting. One member of our board of supervisors is designated as the chairman. Members of our board of supervisors may not serve as director or member of senior management. The term of office for our supervisors is three years, which is renewable upon re-election.
103
We have established standing audit, nomination and remuneration, risk management and
strategicstrategy committees.
The primary duties of the audit committee are to review and supervise the financial reporting process, to
accessassess the effectiveness of our internal control system, to supervise our internal audit system and to implement and recommend
the engagement or replacement of external auditors. Our audit committee is currently comprised of
Bruce Douglas Moore, Sun Shuyi
Chau Tak Hay, Cai Rang and
Ngai Wai Fung.Sun Changji. Mr. Bruce Douglas Moore serves as the chairman.
The primary duties of the nomination and remuneration committee are to review
the structure of the board of directors, review and recommend the
appointmentnomination of
our directors and senior
management,officers, as well as to formulate the training and
compensation policiesremuneration policy for our senior
management and to manage our senior management compensation system.management. Our nomination and remuneration committee is currently comprised of
Cai Rang, Sun
Shuyi,Changji, Bruce Douglas Moore and Miao
Jianmin and Shi Guoqing.Jianmin. Mr. Sun Changji serves as the chairman.
The primary duties of the risk management committee are to assist the management in managing our internal and external risks. Our risk management committee is currently comprised of Ma Yongwei,
Wan Feng, Zhuang Zuojin and Liu Yingqi.
Mr. Ma Yongwei serves as the chairman.
The primary duties of the
strategicstrategy committee are to formulate our overall development plans and investment decision-making procedures. Our
strategicstrategy committee is currently comprised of
Long Yongtu,Sun Shuyi, Wan Feng, Shi Guoqing and
LinLiu Dairen.
As of December 31,
2006, 2007,
2008 and
2008,2009, we had approximately
77,000, 96,700,
102,000 and
102,000104,500 employees, respectively. The following table sets forth the number of our employees by their functions as of December 31,
2008. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31 | |
| | | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | Number
of
employees | | % of
total | | | Number
of
employees | | % of
total | | | Number
of
employees | | % of
total | |
Management and administrative staff | | 11,643 | | 15.06 | % | | 18,535 | | 19.17 | % | | 20,250 | | 19.81 | % |
Financial and auditing staff | | 5,501 | | 7.11 | % | | 7,931 | | 8.20 | % | | 7,663 | | 7.50 | % |
Sales and marketing staff(1) | | 32,373 | | 41.87 | % | | 25,473 | | 26.34 | % | | 25,473 | | 24.92 | % |
Underwriters, claim specialists and customer service staff | | 17,108 | | 22.13 | % | | 33,703 | | 34.85 | % | | 38,797 | | 37.96 | % |
Other professional and technical staff(2) | | 1,905 | | 2.46 | % | | 2,742 | | 2.84 | % | | 3,680 | | 3.60 | % |
Other | | 8,788 | | 11.37 | % | | 8,314 | | 8.60 | % | | 6,378 | | 6.24 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | 77,318 | | 100 | % | | 96,698 | | 100 | % | | 102,241 | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31 | |
| | | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | |
| | | Number | | | % | | | Number | | | % | | | Number | | | % | |
| | | of | | | of | | | of | | | of | | | of | | | of | |
| | | employees | | | total | | | employees | | | total | | | employees | | | total | |
| Management and administrative staff | | | 18,535 | | | | 19.17 | % | | | 20,250 | | | | 19.81 | % | | | 21,450 | | | | 20.52 | % |
| Financial and auditing staff | | | 7,931 | | | | 8.20 | % | | | 7,663 | | | | 7.50 | % | | | 7,967 | | | | 7.62 | % |
Sales and marketing staff(1) | | | 25,473 | | | | 26.34 | % | | | 25,473 | | | | 24.92 | % | | | 26,320 | | | | 25.18 | % |
| Underwriters, claim specialists and customer service staff | | | 33,703 | | | | 34.85 | % | | | 38,797 | | | | 37.96 | % | | | 39,329 | | | | 37.54 | % |
Other professional and technical staff(2) | | | 2,742 | | | | 2.84 | % | | | 3,680 | | | | 3.60 | % | | | 3,800 | | | | 3.64 | % |
| Other | | | 8,314 | | | | 8.60 | % | | | 6,378 | | | | 6.24 | % | | | 5,759 | | | | 5.51 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 96,698 | | | | 100 | % | | | 102,241 | | | | 100 | % | | | 104,535 | | | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| (1) | | Includes direct sales representatives. |
|
| (2) | | Includes actuaries, product development personnel, investment management personnel and information technology specialists. |
As of December 31, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2008,2009, we had approximately 650,000, 638,000, 716,000 and 716,000777,000 exclusive agents, respectively. The increase in the number of our exclusive agents from 20072008 to 20082009 was primarily due to our heightened attention to sales team formation, factoring in the numberimproved hiring and training process and increased retention rate of agents with CIRC qualifications in the evaluation of individual insurance channels of branches, and strengthened tracking and supervision of execution of branches, therefore the number of qualified agents increased rapidly.our exclusive agents.
104
None of our employees is subject to collective bargaining agreements governing employment with us. We believe that our employee relations are satisfactory.
As of the date of this annual report,
except for our independent director, Mr. Ngai Wai Fung, who owns 2,000 H shares, none of our directors, supervisors or senior managers is a legal or beneficial owner of any shares of our share capital.
| | |
| ITEM 7. | | MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS. |
The table sets forth information regarding the ownership of our share capital as of April
14, 200919, 2010 by all persons who are known to us to be the beneficial owners of 5% or more of each class of our share capital.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Title of Class | | Identity of Person or Group | | Amount Owned | | | Percentage
of Class | | | Percentage of Total
Share Capital | |
A shares | | China Life Insurance (Group) Company | | 19,323,530,000 | (L) | | 92.8 | % | | 68.37 | % |
H shares | | JPMorgan Chase & Co.(1) | | 597,362,820
52,122,819 291,519,165 | (L)
(S) (P) | | 8.03
0.70 3.92 | %
% % | | 2.11
0.18 1.03 | %
% % |
The letter “L” denotes a long position. The letter “S” denotes a short position. The letter “P” denotes interest in a lending pool.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | Percentage of | |
| | | | | | | Percentage of | | | Total Share | |
| Title of Class | | Identity of Person or Group | | Amount Owned | | Class | | | Capital | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| A Shares | | China Life Insurance (Group) Company | | 19,323,530,000(L) | | | 92.80 | % | | | 68.37 | % |
| H Shares | | JPMorgan Chase & Co.(1) | | 592,454,359(L) | | | 7.96 | % | | | 2.10 | % |
| | | | | 52,441,871(S) | | | 0.70 | % | | | 0.19 | % |
| | | | | 282,699,343(P) | | | 3.80 | % | | | 1.00 | % |
| H Shares | | Blackrock, Inc.(2) | | 387,227,148(L) | | | 5.20 | % | | | 1.37 | % |
| | | | | 864,500(S) | | | 0.01 | % | | | 0.00 | % |
| | The letter L denotes a long position. The letter S denotes a short position. The letter P denotes interest in a lending pool. |
| | |
| (1): | | JPMorgan Chase & Co. was interested in a total of 597,362,820592,454,359 H shares in accordance with the provisions of Part XV of the Securities and Futures Ordinance, (Chapter 571 ofor the Laws of Hong Kong) (“SFO”).SFO. Of these shares, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., J.P. Morgan Investment Management Inc., JPMorgan Asset Management (UK) Limited, China International FundJPMorgan Asset Management Ltd,(Japan) Limited, JF Asset Management Limited, J.P. Morgan Securities Ltd., JPJ.P. Morgan Whitefriars Inc., JPMorgan Asset Management (Taiwan) Limited, Bear, StearnsJF International LimitedManagement Inc., China International Fund Management Co Ltd and JF Asset Management (Singapore)J.P. Morgan Markets Limited – Co Reg #: 197601586K were interested in 292,181,165282,699,343 H shares, 4,108,9122,411,912 H shares, 32,178,10931,218,909 H shares, 13,265,000642,000 H shares, 159,849,750183,182,750 H shares, 1,500,00037,959,749 H shares, 58,453,88526,534,196 H shares, 10,284,00010,363,000 H shares, 4,232,9991,582,000 H shares, 11,609,000 H shares and 21,309,0004,251,500 H shares respectively. All of these entities are either controlled or indirectly controlled subsidiaries of JPMorgan Chase & Co. |
|
| | Included in the 597,362,820592,454,359 H shares are 291,519,165282,699,343 H shares (3.92%(3.80%) which are held in the “lending pool”, as defined under Section 5(4) of the Securities and Futures (Disclosure of Interests Securities Borrowing and Lending) Rules. |
|
| | In addition, JPMorgan Chase & Co. held by way of attribution a short position as defined under Part XV, SFO in 52,122,81952,441,871 H shares (0.70%). |
|
| (2): | | Blackrock, Inc. was interested in a total of 387,227,148 H shares in accordance with the provisions of Part XV, SFO. Of these shares, BlackRock Investment Management, LLC., BlackRock Financial Management, Inc., BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A., BlackRock Fund Advisors, BlackRock Advisors, LLC., BlackRock Capital Management, Inc., BlackRock Investment Management (Australia) Limited, Blackrock Advisors UK Ltd., BlackRock International Ltd., BlackRock Investment Management (LUX), BlackRock Investment Management (UK) Ltd and BlackRock Fund Managers Ltd were interested in 4,619,993 H shares, 382,607,155 H shares, 295,115,665 H shares, 219,911,665 H shares, 18,292,065 H shares, 53,900 H shares, 233,395 H shares, 49,719,000 H shares, 5,063,550 H shares, 6,351,685 H shares, 7,163,795 H shares and 1,992,000 H shares respectively. All of these entities are either controlled or indirectly controlled subsidiaries of Blackrock, Inc. |
|
| | Blackrock, Inc. held by way of attribution a short position as defined under Part XV, SFO in 864,500 H shares (0.01%). |
105
Our A shares and H shares generally vote together as a single class, including
in the election of directors. Each A share and each H share is entitled to one vote. In addition, in certain matters which affect the rights of the holders of H shares or A shares, the H shares or A shares, as the case may be, are entitled to vote as a separate class.
CLIC converted and sold 676,470,000 domestic shares in the form of H shares or ADSs in connection with our global offering in December 2003.
Based on the information provided by
JPMorgan ChaseDeutsche Bank
N.A.,Trust Company Americas, the depositary bank, as of December 31,
20082009 and
March 31, 2009,April 15, 2010, there were, respectively,
29,881,82523,729,261 ADRs representing
448,227,375355,938,915 H shares, with
7083 registered holders, and
22,238,23923,564,922 ADRs representing
333,573,585353,473,830 H shares, with
7182 registered holders. Since certain of the ADSs are held by nominees, the above number may not be representative of the actual number of U.S. beneficial holders of ADSs or number of ADSs beneficially held by U.S. persons.
CLIC, our controlling shareholder, is a wholly state-owned enterprise controlled by the PRC government. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—History and Development of the Company”. None of our major shareholders has voting rights that differ from the voting rights of other shareholders, except that in certain matters which affect the rights of the holders of H shares or A shares, holders of H shares or A shares, as the case may be, are entitled to vote as a separate class. We are not aware of any arrangement which may at a subsequent date result in a change of control of our company.
B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS As at the date of this annual report, CLIC owns approximately 68.37% of our issued share
capital.capital, a 40% equity interest in AMC, a 6% equity interest in China Life Pension and a 100% equity interest in China Life Investment Holding Company Limited, or IHC. CLIC,
isAMC, China Life Pension and IHC are therefore considered as our connected
personpersons under the HKSE Listing Rules.
We renewed the policy management agreement with CLIC on December 30, 2008. Both the asset management agreement between AMC and ourselves and the asset management agreement between AMC and CLIC were renewed on December 30, 2008. On May 7, 2008, we entered into a capital injection agreement with China Life Pension. On May 23, 2008, we entered into a capital injection agreement with CLPCIC. On February 9, 2009, we entered into a capital injection agreement with
CLIC and AMC.
TheOn July 27, 2009, we, CLIC and AMC entered into an entrustment of enterprise annuity funds and account management agreement with China Life Pension. We also continued to carry out certain other continuing related party transactions
contemplated under these agreementswith CLIC, AMC and IHC in the reporting period. These transactions constitute connected transactions for us under the HKSE Listing
Rules and are subject to the disclosure requirements under the HKSE Listing Rules.
CLIC and we renewed the property leasing agreement in January 2007 and entered into an amendment agreement to the property leasing agreement on January 8, 2008. In light Details of the asset transfer agreement entered into by CLIC and China Life Investment Holding Company Limited, we entered into an agreement for the assignment of rights and obligations under the property leasing agreementthese transactions with CLIC, AMC and China Life Investment Holding Company Limited on November 28, 2008. The transactions contemplated under these agreements constitute connected transactions for us under the HKSE Listing Rules butIHC are exempt from all the disclosure requirements under the HKSE Listing Rules.
set forth below.
As at the date of this annual report, we own a 20% equity interest in Guangdong Development Bank, or
GDB.In March 2007, we entered into a strategic cooperation agreementGDB. We continued to carry out continuing related party transactions with
GDB;GDB in
April 2007, December 2007 and September 2008, three negotiated deposit agreements with GDB; and in April 2007, an individual bancassurance products cooperation agreement with GDB.the reporting period. These transactions are not regarded as connected transactions for us under the HKSE Listing Rules.
Set forth below are details Details of the transactions with GDB are set forth below.
Continuing Related Party Transactions with CLIC
During the reporting period, we engaged in continuing related party
transactions.Restructuring Agreement
We have entered intotransactions with CLIC. These transactions are governed by several agreements between CLIC and us, including a restructuring agreement, with CLIC under which CLIC agreed to transfer to us a portion of its insurance business and various investment and operating assets, management personnel and employees, and we assumed various obligations and liabilities, as described under “Item 4. Information on the Company—History and Development of the Company—Our Restructuring”. We received the benefits of all of the rights and interests, and assumed all the liabilities and obligations, associated with the transferred assets and
policies, commencing as of June 30, 2003, the effective date of the restructuring. The remaining business of CLIC primarily comprised the non-transferred policies and non-core businesses which are not insurance-related, including investments in property, hotels and other operations through subsidiaries. As a result of the restructuring, CLIC’s management and personnel are different from ours and we work independently of CLIC.
Under the restructuring agreement, CLIC made various representations and warranties in relation to the business, assets and liabilities transferred to us in the restructuring.
In addition, under the restructuring agreement, CLIC indemnified us against all claims, losses, damages, payments or other expenses incurred by us in connection with or arising from, among others:
| 1) | all taxes, fees, surcharges, penalties and interest payable by CLIC as determined under the restructuring agreement; |
| 2) | the negligence or fault of CLIC in acting on our behalf while holding any assets, interests or liabilities that were to be transferred to us, but for which third-party consents had not been obtained by the effective date; |
| 3) | any dispute regarding our status as the insurer of the insurance policies issued by CLIC on or after June 30, 2003 until the date when we begin to write policies on our own behalf; |
| 4) | all claims by policyholders under long-term insurance policies issued on or after June 10, 1999, having policy terms approved by or filed with the CIRC on or after June 10, 1999, but which for whatever reason failed to be recorded as long-term insurance policies as of June 30, 2003 in the database attached to the restructuring agreement as an annex; |
| 5) | the failure of CLIC to transfer the assets, interests and liabilities to us in accordance with the restructuring agreement and other restructuring documents; |
| 6) | the assets, interests and liabilities retained by CLIC after the restructuring; |
| 7) | the transfer of the assets, interests and liabilities to us under the restructuring; |
| 8) | a breach of any provision of the restructuring agreement on the part of CLIC; and |
| 9) | any actual, pending or threatened arbitration or litigation affecting any asset transferred to us. |
The restructuring agreement provides, among other things, that any profits or losses incurred on the transferred assets and policies from June 30, 2002 to June 30, 2003 are for the benefit of or to be borne by CLIC.
We agreed to indemnify CLIC against any claims or losses arising from our breach of the restructuring agreement.
Policy Management Agreement
General
As part of the restructuring, CLIC transferred its entire branch services network to us. In order to capitalize on the large customer base of CLIC, increase the utilization of our customer service network and increase our revenue sources, CLIC engaged us to provide policy administration services relating to the non-transferred policies after the restructuring.
We and CLIC entered into a policy management agreement, a trademark license agreement and a non-competition agreement. A detailed discussion of these agreements is set forth in Note 29 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report and under the heading “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions” in our annual report on September 30, 2003 which sets out our responsibilitiesForm 20-F filed with the Securities and dutiesExchange Commission on April 28, 2009.
106
Under the non-competition agreement between CLIC and us, CLIC agreed to
CLIC under these policy administration arrangements. Such agreement expireddispose of all of its 51% interest in
December 2005,China Life-CMG Life Assurance Company Ltd. to third parties or eliminate any competition between China Life-CMG Life Assurance Company Ltd. and
we and CLIC entered into a renewed policy management agreement on December 24, 2005 for a term ofus within three years
endingof our listing on
December 31, 2008. We renewed the
policy management agreement with CLIC again on December 30, 2008 forHKSE. China Life-CMG Life Assurance Company Ltd. was a
term of three years ending on December 31, 2011. In order to betterimplement this agency arrangement, CLIC formulated a detailed manual of procedures which sets out the procedures to be followed when handling non-transferred policies, as well as rules for the day-to-day monitoring of the policy servicing operations.
Terms of the Policy Management Agreement
Pursuant to the renewed policy management agreement, we agreed to provide policy administration services to CLIC relating to the non-transferred policies, including day-to-day insurance administration services, customer services, statistics and file management, invoice and receipt management, reinstatement of non-transferred policies, applications for and renewal of additional coverage to the non-transferred policies, reinsurance, and handling of disputes relating to the non-transferred policies. We act as a service provider under the agreement and do not acquire any rights or assume any obligations as an insurer under the non-transferred policies.
Under the renewed policy management agreement, we will issue a monthly funding request to CLIC, based on actuarially determined forecasts and supporting data, for amounts to be payable to CLIC policyholders. CLIC will transfer, within five business days prior to each calendar month, to an account under our control, funds sufficient to pay insurance benefits and commissions to be paid under the non-transferred policies, as well as estimated third-party costs and expenses, for that calendar month. We may also request emergency funding from CLIC, if we reasonably believe that the account balance will become insufficient in ten business days to make those payments. We are not required to make any advances on behalfsino-foreign joint venture of CLIC to cover any shortfall of funds.
In consideration of our services provided under the agreement, CLIC will pay us a service fee based on our estimated cost of providing the services, to which a profit marginand CMG, an Australian insurance company. The joint venture is added. The service feeregistered in Shanghai, China and is equal to, for each semi-annual payment period, the sum of (1) the number of non-transferred policies in force as of the last day of the period, multiplied by RMB8.0 per policy (the number of policies in-force for group insurance policies being equal to the number of individuals covered by the policies); and (2) 2.50% of the actual premiums and deposits in respect of such policies collected during the period.
The renewed policy management agreement is valid for a term of three years, effective from January 1, 2009 and expiring December 31, 2011. We are also permitted to terminate the agreement, upon giving 30 days’ prior written notice, if (1) CLIC fails to pay us the service fee in accordance with the agreement in an aggregate amount of at least RMB100 million; or (2) we are unable to make timely payment of insurance benefits, commissions and/or third-party costs in an aggregate amount of at least RMB300 million as a result of CLIC failing to transfer sufficient funds to the account controlled by us in accordance with the agreement.
Measures Taken to Ensure that We Have Sufficient Cash to Settle Claims Relating to Non-Transferred Policies
The following is a description of the measures that we currently have in place to ensure that we have sufficient cash to settle claims relating to non-transferred policies.
Under the renewed policy management agreement, the operations relating to the transferred policies and the non-transferred policies must be separately managed, settled (including daily and monthly settlement) and checked, and we are not required to make any advances on behalf of CLIC to cover deficienciesengaged in the paymentbusiness of claimslife insurance and related reinsurance in Shanghai. On January 27, 2010, the transfer of CLIC’s equity interest in this joint venture to Bank of Communications Co., Ltd. was completed.
Continuing Related Party Transactions with AMC
During the reporting period, we engaged in continuing related party transactions with AMC under
the non-transferred policies. In order to ensure that there is sufficient cash to pay claims under the non-transferred policies on a day-to-day basis, we and CLIC have implemented the following procedures:Our headquarters and all branch offices at provincial level have opened and are using segregated bank accounts to manage funds and payments in relation to claims and benefits under the non-transferred policies. Substantially all of our branches below the provincial level have already opened segregated bank accounts, and the remaining branches will also open segregated bank accounts as necessary.
We will, based on actuarially determined forecasts and supporting data relating to the non-transferred policies, maintain a minimum daily balance for each segregated account. The segregated accounts will be brought up to this minimum daily balance should they fall below the required level on any given day.
In the event of an unexpectedly large claim or benefit payment, or a claim or benefit payment which exceeds the minimum daily balance, a request for funds will be made to the branch at the next higher level. If a provincial-level branch does not have sufficient funds to make a payment, it will make a request for funding to our headquarters. If there is a deficiency at the headquarters level, we will make a payment request to CLIC or to the special purpose fund established by the MOF and CLIC.
Asset Management Agreements
AMC has entered into two asset management agreements, effective January 1, 2009, one with us and one with CLIC.
We entered into an asset management agreement effective November 30, 2003, with AMC. We subsequently renewed the agreement withbetween AMC on December 29, 2005 for a term of two years, expiring December 31, 2007.and us. The asset management agreement was automatically renewed on the same terms as the previous year in December 2007 for a one-year term expiring on December 31, 2008.
We renewed the agreement with AMC again on December 30, 2008 for a term2010. A detailed discussion of one year, expiring December 31, 2009. Subject to the HKSE Listing Rules, the agreement will be automatically renewed for a successive one-year term, unless either party gives the other party no less than 90 days prior written notice to terminate the agreement at the expiration of the then current term.
In connection with the asset management agreement with AMC and in order to ensure the safeguarding of our insurance assets, we entered into a custodian agreement with Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, as the custodian bank of our assets, and a memorandum on the investment management and custody of insurance assets among Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, AMC and us.
The material terms of the renewed asset management agreement between China Life and AMC are set forth below.
Under the asset management agreement between AMC and China Life, AMC agreedus is set forth in Note 29 to investour consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report and manage assets entrusted to it by China Lifeunder the heading “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions” in our annual report on a discretionary basis, subject to the investment guidelines and instructions given by China Life.
In accordanceForm 20-F filed with the agreement, China Life retains the title of the entrusted assetsSecurities and AMC is authorized to operate the accounts associated with the entrusted assets for andExchange Commission on behalf of China Life. China Life may add to or withdraw from the assets managed by AMC pursuant to the agreement. All investment losses relating to the assets managed by AMC pursuant to the agreement will be borne by China Life, except for losses and liabilities arising from AMC’s misconduct. China Life has the right to establish, and amend from time to time, the investment guidelines which set forth the general investment principles regarding the assets under AMC’s management and, for specific periods, requirements relating to, among others, investment scope, portfolio, risk control and benchmark investment rate of return. China Life also has the right to give instructions for the liquidation of assets to meet its cash needs and the right to monitor the investment management activities of AMC.
In addition to acting as China Life’s investment manager, AMC is permitted to invest its own assets and provide investment management services to third-party insurance companies. AMC agreed to inform China Life in the event that it, in its professional judgment, believes that there is a conflict of interest in the activities on behalf of itself and others. AMC has discretion to take such actions and measures which in its professional judgment are fair, reasonable and necessary to resolve any such conflict.
In consideration of the services provided by AMC with respect to the investment with and management of the assets entrusted by us, we agreed to pay AMC service fees, comprised of a fixed service fee and a floating service fee. The fixed service fee is paid on a monthly basis, calculated by reference to the net asset value of the assets under management and applicable rate of management fee fairly agreed upon by AMC and us in advance. The floating service fee is paid on an annual basis, calculated by reference to the fixed service fee for each year and the annual assessment by us on the investment and management performed by AMC.
The service fee under the asset management agreement was determined by China Life and AMC based on an analysis of the cost of providing the service, market practice and the size and composition of the asset pool to be managed.
April 28, 2009. The annual cap in respect of the service fees to be paid by China Lifeus to AMC under the asset management agreement between China Life and AMC for the year ending December 31, 20092010 is RMB800RMB 800 million. The annual cap has been determined by reference to the historical figures, the size and composition of the assets managed and to be managed by AMC, and the inherent volatility of the capital market.
During the reporting period, CLIC
entered into an asset management agreement, effective on November 30, 2003, with AMC. CLIC subsequently renewed the agreementengaged in continuing related party transactions with AMC
on December 27, 2005 for a term of three years expiring December 31, 2008. CLIC renewed the agreement with AMC again on December 30, 2008 for a term of three years expiring December 31, 2011. Subject to the HKSE Listing Rules, the parties may negotiate the term of the renewal no less than 90 days prior to the expiration of the current term.The material terms of the renewed asset management agreement between CLIC and AMC are set forth below.
Under theunder an asset management agreement between AMC and CLIC AMC agreedwhich will be effective until December 31, 2011. A detailed discussion of this agreement is set forth in Note 29 to investour consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report and manage assets entrusted to it by CLICunder the heading “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions” in our annual report on a discretionary basis, subject to the investment guidelines and instructions given by CLIC.
In accordanceForm 20-F filed with the agreement, CLIC retains the title of the entrusted assetsSecurities and AMC is authorized to operate the accounts associated with the entrusted assets for andExchange Commission on behalf of CLIC. CLIC may add to or withdraw from the assets managed by AMC pursuant to the agreement. CLIC has the right to establish, and amend from time to time, the investment guidelines which set forth the general investment principles regarding the assets under AMC’s management and, for specific periods, requirements relating to, among others, investment scope, portfolio, liquidity, risk control and benchmark investment return. CLIC also has the right to monitor the investment management activities of AMC.
In addition to acting as CLIC’s investment manager, AMC is permitted to invest its own assets and provide investment management services to third-party insurance companies.
In consideration of the services provided under the agreement, CLIC agreed to pay AMC basic service fees for the investment and management services performed by AMC, comprised of a basic management fee and a floating management fee. The basic management fee is paid on a monthly basis, calculated by multiplying the average of the account balance value of the assets under management (less funds from sale of securities under the agreement to repurchase and interest thereof) at the beginning and the end of any given month by the basis annual rate of 0.05%, divided by twelve months.
Following the end of each fiscal year, CLIC will assess the investment results of AMC with respect to the assets under management, compare the actual operating results with the target proceeds, and increase or decrease the basic service fees accordingly.
April 28, 2009. The annual caps in respect of the service fees to be paid by CLIC to AMC under the asset management agreement between CLIC and AMC for each of the three years ending December 31, 2010 and 2011 are RMB280 million, RMB290RMB 290 million and RMB300RMB 300 million, respectively. In determining theThe annual caps, the parties have taken into account thecap has been determined by reference to historical figures, and the size and composition of the assets managed and to be managed by AMC.
Property Leasing Agreement
AMC, and the inherent volatility of the capital market.
Continuing Related Party Transaction with IHC
We have entered into a property leasing agreement with CLIC on September 30, 2003, pursuant to which CLIC agreed to lease to us (1) 833 buildings owned by CLIC, its subsidiaries and affiliates, which we refer to as the CLIC owned properties, and (2) 1,764 buildings that CLIC is entitled to sublet, which we refer to as the CLIC leased
properties, for an aggregate initial annual rent (payable quarterly) of approximately RMB335 million.properties.
We renewed the agreement
on December 23, 2005 with respect to 963 CLIC owned properties and 707 CLIC leased properties for a fixed term expiring December 31, 2006.We further renewed the agreement with CLIC on January 4, 2007 under substantially the same terms ofon December 23, 2005 and January 4, 2007 and amended the agreement entered into on September 30, 2003. Pursuant toJanuary 8, 2008. Under the renewed and amended agreement, which will expireexpired on December 31, 2009, CLIC agreed to lease to us 1,1742,011 CLIC owned properties and 12685 CLIC leased properties. CLIC transferred all of its rights and obligations in the CLIC owned properties and CLIC leased properties to IHC on June 30, 2008, and IHC was substituted for an aggregate initialCLIC as a party to the property leasing agreement.
107
A detailed discussion of the terms of this agreement is set forth in Note 29 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual
rent (payable semi-annually) of approximately RMB66 million.Thereport and under the heading “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions” in our annual report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 28, 2009.
On February 22, 2010, we entered into a new property leasing agreement with IHC under substantially the same terms as the previous property leasing agreement which expired on December 31, 2009. Under the new property leasing agreement, which will expire on December 31, 2010, IHC agreed to lease to us 2,182 properties occupiedowned by us are mainly used as our office premises.it. The annual rent payable by us to CLIC in relation to the CLIC owned properties is determined by reference to market rent or, where there is no available comparison, by reference to the costs incurred by CLICIHC in holding and maintaining the properties, plus a margin of approximately 5%. The
Continuing Related Party Transactions with GDB
During the reporting period, we engaged in continuing related party transactions with GDB. These transactions are governed by several agreements between GDB and us, including a strategic cooperation agreement, negotiated deposit agreements and individual bancassurance product cooperation agreements. A detailed discussion of these agreements is set forth in Note 29 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual
rent payable by us to CLIC in relation to the CLIC leased properties will be determined by reference to the rent payablereport and under the
head lease plus the actual costs incurred by CLIC arisingheading “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions” in
connectionour annual report on Form 20-F filed with the
subletting of the properties.Each party may, by giving notice to the other party no later than November 30 of each year, reduce or increase the number of propertiesSecurities and Exchange Commission on April 28, 2009.
The current applicable annual interest rate under the
lease and make adjustments accordingly to the rent payable for the next year. The parties will also revise the annual rent payable at the year end to reflect, in addition to any decrease or increase to the number of properties to be leased, any change of the market rates.CLIC agreed to indemnify us, among other things, against all claims and losses incurred by us arising in connection with (1) the CLIC owned properties which CLIC does not have full legal title; and (2) the subletting of the CLIC leased properties to us.
The agreement also contains rights of first refusal allowing us to purchase the underlying property if CLIC wishes to sell the property.
Wethree negotiated deposit agreements we have entered into an amendment agreement to the property leasing agreement with CLIC on January 8,GDB dated April 2007, December 2007 and September 2008 pursuant to which the scope of tenancies has been modified as to 2,011 properties leased and 85 properties subleased from CLIC. In light of the asset transfer agreement entered byis 4.50%.
Continuing Related Party Transaction with China Life Pension
On July 27, 2009, we, CLIC and China Life Investment Holding Company Limited, weAMC entered into an entrustment of enterprise annuity funds and account management agreement with China Life Pension. The agreement will last for three years starting from the date on which the entrusted funds are transferred to a special entrustment account.
Under the agreement, China Life Pension was entrusted to serve as the trustee and account manager and to provide entrusted management services and account management services for the
assignmententerprise annuity funds of
rights and obligations under property leasing agreement withthe Company, CLIC and
AMC. In consideration of the services provided by China Life
Insurance Holdings Limited on November 28, 2008. PursuantPension under this agreement, we, CLIC and AMC agreed to
the agreement, CLIC transferred all rights and obligations of the owned properties and leasable properties topay China Life
Investment Holding Company Limited since June 30, 2008. China Life Investment Holding Company Limited substituted CLIC as a party to the property leasing agreementPension entrusted management fees and
enjoyed the rights and obligations under the agreement. The rights and obligations of CLIC under the property leasing agreement were terminated.account management fees.
On February 9, 2009, we entered into a capital injection agreement with CLIC and AMC, pursuant to which we injected
RMB1,200RMB 1,200 million
(US$176)and CLIC injected RMB 800 million into AMC.
Prior toAfter the capital injection, the registered capital of AMC was
RMB1,000increased from RMB 1,000 million
(US$147) and upon completion of the capital injection, AMC’s registered capital increased to
RMB3,000 million (US$440) andRMB 3,000 million. The proportionate shareholding
proportion between CLIC and us
remainsremained unchanged. On April 17, 2009, the capital injection was approved by the CIRC.
Capital Injection to China Life Pension
On May 7, 2008, we entered into a capital injection agreement with the China Life Pension. Prior to the capital injection, the registered capital of China Life Pension was RMB600 million (US$88 million). Pursuant to the terms and conditions of the agreement, the total amount of capital to be injected by us into China Life Pension is approximately RMB1,855 million (US$272 million) which is contributed by the subscription of 1,854,838,700 ordinary shares of the China Life Pension. Upon completion of the capital injection, China Life Pension was held as to 87.4%, 6%, 4.8% and 1.8% by us, CLIC, AMC and China Credit Trust Company Limited, respectively. On June 25, 2008, the capital injection was approved by the CIRC.
Capital Injection to CLPCIC
On May 23, 2008, we entered into a capital injection agreement with CLPCIC. Pursuant to the terms and conditions of the agreement, the total amount of capital to be injected by us into CLPCIC is RMB1,200 million (US$176 million) which is contributed by the subscription of 1,200,000,000 shares of CLPCIC. Prior to the capital injection, the registered capital of CLPCIC was RMB1,000 million (US$147 million) and was held as to 60% and 40% by CLIC and us respectively. Upon completion of the capital injection, CLPCIC’s registered capital was increased to RMB4,000 million (US$586 million) and CLIC’s and our shareholding in CLPCIC remains unchanged. On July 6, 2008, the capital injection was approved by the CIRC.
Compliance with HKSE Listing Rules Given that the annual consideration payablecap under each of the policy management agreements dated December 24, 2005,agreement between CLIC and us, the renewed policyasset management agreement dated December 30, 2008,between AMC and us and the two asset management agreements dated December 27, 2005agreement between CLIC and December 29, 2005 and the two renewed asset management agreements dated December 30, 2008AMC represents more than 0.1% but less than 2.5% of the applicable percentage ratios as defined in the HKSE Listing Rules, the continuing transactions under each of thethese agreements isare only subject to reporting, announcement and annual review requirements under the HKSE Listing Rules and are exempt from independent shareholders’ approval requirements. In compliance with applicable HKSE Listing Rules requirements, we made announcements disclosing these transactions on December 30, 2008 and December 22, 2009.
108
The transaction under the capital injection agreement among CLIC, AMC and us is subject to reporting and announcement requirements only under the HKSE Listing Rules and is exempt from independent shareholders’ approval. In compliance with applicable HKSE Listing Rules requirements, we made announcements disclosing the above agreements on December 30, 2005 and December 30, 2008. For the asset management agreement between us and AMC, we made an announcement disclosing this transaction on December 20, 2007 regardingFebruary 9, 2009.
The remaining related party transactions discussed above, other than the
adjustment of annual caps for 2007 and 2008. For the asset management agreement between CLIC and AMC, we made an announcement on March 25, 2008 regarding payments in excess of the cap for 2007 and revision of the cap for 2008.The property leasing agreement dated January 4, 2007, the amendment agreement to the property leasing agreement dated January 8, 2008 and the agreement for the assignment of rights and obligations under property leasing agreement dated November 28, 2008transactions with GDB, are exempt from reporting, announcement and independent shareholders’ approval requirements under the HKSE Listing Rules.
On May 7, 2008, we entered into a capital injection agreement The continuing related party transactions with China Life Pension. On May 23, 2008, we entered into a capital injection agreement with CLPCIC. On February 9, 2009, we entered into a capital injection agreement with AMC. Pursuant to the HKSE Listing Rules requirements, theseGDB are not regarded as connected transactions were subject to reporting and announcement but were exempt from independent shareholders’ approval requirementsfor us under the HKSE Listing Rules. In compliance with applicable HKSE Listing Rules requirements, we made announcements disclosing the above agreements on May 7, 2008, May 23, 2008 and February 9, 2009, respectively.
Figures for the year ended December 31, 20082009 The aggregate value of each of the transactions contemplated under the policy management agreement,
and the asset management agreements
and the property leasing agreement for the year ended December 31,
20082009 is set out below:
| | |
Connected Transactions
| | The aggregate value for
the year ended
December 31, 2008 | | |
| | | The aggregate value for | |
| | the year ended | |
| Transactions | | December 31, 2009 | |
| | (RMB in millions) | |
1. Policy management agreement | | 1,298 | 1,193 | |
2. Asset management agreement | | | | |
(a) between CLIC and AMC | | 243 | 112 | |
(b) between AMC and us | | 362 | 540 | |
| 3. Property leasing agreement | | | 64 | |
Confirmation of Independent Non-executive Directors: Our independent non-executive directors have reviewed the
above related party transactionspolicy management agreement between CLIC and us, the asset management agreement between AMC and us and the asset management agreement between CLIC and AMC which were subject to reporting,
announcement and
announcementannual review requirements
under the HKSE Listing Rules and confirmed that:
| | (i)1) | | the transactions were entered into in the ordinary and usual course of the business of China Life;our business; |
|
| | (ii)2) | | the transactions were conducted either on normal commercial terms or on terms that are fair and reasonable so far as our independent shareholders are concerned; |
|
| | (iii)3) | | the transactions were entered into in accordance with the agreements governing those transactions; and |
|
| | (iv)4) | | the amounts of the transactions had not exceeded the relevant annual caps as announced by China Life.us. |
Trademark License Agreement
We conduct our business under the “China Life” brand name (in English and Chinese), the “ball” logos and other business related slogans and logos. We entered into a trademark license agreement with CLIC on September 30, 2003, pursuant to which CLIC granted to us and our branches a royalty-free license to use these trademarks in the PRC and other countries and territories in which CLIC has registered these trademarks. CLIC has registered these trademarks with the Trademark Office of the SAIC. CLIC undertook in the trademark license agreement to maintain and renew, at its own expense, the registration of the licensed trademarks. If requested by us, CLIC will procure, at its own expense, registration of the trademarks in additional products and service classifications and/or additional countries or territories. CLIC will retain ownership of these trademarks.109
We may also license a third party to use the trademarks with the written consent of CLIC. CLIC and its subsidiaries and affiliates are entitled to use these trademarks. CLIC may not license or transfer these trademarks to any other third party or allow any other third party to use the trademarks.
The trademark license agreement permits us to use the trademarks until such time as either the trademark license agreement is terminated either by agreement between CLIC and ourselves, or pursuant to relevant laws, regulations or consent orders, or at the expiration of the registration of the trademarks, and is renewable at our option. The registration of “China Life” brand name (in English and Chinese) and the “ball” logo, which are the major trademarks used in our business, will expire on August 13, 2016 and February 6, 2016, respectively.
Non-Competition Agreement
We entered into a non-competition agreement with CLIC on September 30, 2003 pursuant to which CLIC undertook that during the term of the agreement, unless we otherwise consent in writing in advance, it will not, and it will use its best efforts to procure its subsidiaries and affiliates not to, directly or indirectly, participate, operate or engage in any life, accident or health insurance or other businesses in China which may compete with
our insurance businesses. Before entering into the share subscription agreement in connection with the formation of a property and casualty insurance joint stock company on March 13, 2006, as described below, we consented in writing that CLIC may engage in accident and short-term health businesses indirectly through a property and casualty joint venture with us. CLIC also undertook (1) to refer to us any corporate business opportunity that falls within our business scope and which may directly or indirectly compete with our business, and (2) to grant us a right of first refusal, on the same terms and conditions, to purchase any new business developed by CLIC. The non-competition agreement allows CLIC to continue its business under the non-transferred policies.
In addition, CLIC currently holds a 51% interest in China Life-CMG Life Assurance Company Ltd., a Sino-foreign joint venture with CMG, an Australian insurance company. The joint venture is registered in Shanghai, China and engaged in the business of life insurance and related reinsurance in Shanghai. CLIC agreed to dispose of all of its interests in this joint venture to third parties or eliminate any competition between China Life - CMG Life Assurance Company Ltd. and us within three years of our listing on the HKSE. As of the date of this annual report, the transfer of CLIC’s equity interest in this joint venture was still ongoing.
CLIC also agreed with us in the non-competition agreement that we will have a right of first refusal in respect of the transfer of the non-transferred policies retained by CLIC.
The non-competition agreement will remain valid and in full force until the earlier of (1) CLIC beneficially holding, directly or indirectly, less than 30% of our issued share capital and ceasing to control the majority of our board of directors; and (2) our H shares or ADSs no longer being listed on the HKSE or any other stock exchange.
Strategic Cooperation Agreement, Negotiated Deposit Agreements and Individual Bancassurance Products Cooperation Agreement with GDB
We entered into a strategic cooperation agreement with GDB in March 2007, pursuant to which we agreed to cooperate with GDB in various areas, including, among others, insurance business, bank cards business, financial business, e-commerce, client resources sharing, information technology, product development and brand promotion. With regards to the cooperation in the insurance business, GDB undertook to provide bancassurance services on our behalf. Subject to relevant laws and regulations, we undertook to offer our insurance products to GDB under certain preferential terms, while GDB agreed to purchase our products in priority under the same terms and conditions. The term of this agreement is five years.
We entered into three negotiated deposit agreements with GDB in April 2007, December 2007 and September 2008 respectively. Under the agreement entered into in April 2007, we agreed to deposit in GDB a total of RMB3,000 million (US$440 million) for a term of 61 months. The annual interest rate will be determined based on the interest rate on one-year term deposits announced by the PBOC. When the interest rate on one-year term deposits announced by PBOC is at or lower than 2.79%, the annual interest rate applicable to our deposits will be fixed at 4.41%. When the interest rate on one-year term deposits announced by the PBOC is higher than 2.79%, the annual interest rate applicable to our deposits will be the interest rate on one-year term deposits announced by the PBOC plus 1.62%. Under the agreement entered into in December 2007, we agreed to deposit in GDB a total of RMB3,000 million (US$440 million) for a term of 61 months. The annual interest rate applicable to our deposits will be the interest rate on one-year term deposits announced by the PBOC plus 1.62% provided that, in any event, the annual interest rate will not be lower than 4.50%. The currently applicable annual interest rate under this agreement is 5.76%. The interest payable on the deposits is paid annually. Under the agreement entered into in September 2008, we agreed to deposit in GDB a total of RMB1,000 million (US$147 million) for a term of 61 months. The annual interest rate applicable to our deposits will be the interest rate on one-year term deposits announced by the PBOC plus 1.7% provided that, in any event, the annual interest rate will not be lower than 4.50%. The currently applicable annual interest rate under this agreement is 5.84%. The interest payable on the deposits is paid annually.
We entered into an individual bancassurance products cooperation agreement with GDB in April 2007, pursuant to which GDB will sell our individual insurance products suitable for sale through banks. Under this agreement, GDB will act as an intermediary to sell our individual insurance products and will also act on our behalf to receive premiums and pay insurance benefits. In return, we will pay GDB commission fees including: (i) a monthly commission fee for sales by GDB as an intermediary, calculated on a monthly basis, by multiplying the total premiums received and a fixed commission rate, which ranges from 2.0% to 25%; and (ii) a monthly commission fee for acting on our behalf to receive premiums and pay insurance benefits, calculated on a monthly basis, by multiplying the number of policies handled by GDB and a fixed commission fee which is not more than RMB1 per policy. The commission fees will be paid monthly. The term of this agreement is five years.
C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL | | |
| ITEM 8. | | FINANCIAL INFORMATION. |
A. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Our audited consolidated financial statements are set forth beginning on page F-1.
Legal and Regulatory ProceedingsClass Action Litigations
In 2004, China Life and certain of its former directors were sued in putative class action lawsuits filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (the “New York Southern District Court”). The lawsuits were consolidated as In re China Life Insurance Company Limited Securities Litigation, NO. 04 CV 2112 (TPG). The consolidated amended complaint in the lawsuit, filed on January 19, 2005, named China Life, Wang Xianzhang (former director), Miao Fuchun (former director) and Wu Yan (former director) as defendants, and alleged that they violated Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. China Life vigorously contested the lawsuit, including by filing motions seeking dismissal of the complaints. On September 3, 2008, the New York Southern District Court found that the plaintiffs’ claims lacked merit and dismissed the complaint. The plaintiffs initially notified the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit of their intention to appeal the New York Southern District Court’s decision. However, on January 8, 2009, the plaintiffs voluntarily withdrew that appeal, thus making the New York Southern District Court’s dismissal of their claims final.
Others
We are involved in litigation involving our insurance operations on an ongoing basis. In addition, the CIRC, as well as other PRC governmental agencies, including tax, commerce and industrial administration and audit bureaus, from time to time make inquiries and conduct examinations,
audits or investigations concerning our compliance with PRC laws and regulations. These litigation and administrative proceedings have in the past resulted in damage awards, settlements or administrative sanctions, including fines, which have not been material to us. While we cannot predict the outcome of any pending or future litigation, examination or investigation, we do not believe that any pending legal matter will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. However, we cannot assure you that any future litigation or regulatory proceeding will not have an adverse outcome, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results or cash flows.
We currently have control procedures in place to monitor our litigation and regulatory exposure. We have established a systematic prevention system whereby our management at each corporate level is responsible for compliance with laws, regulations and internal codes of conduct within their individual territories or departments. Our branches at the provincial level are required to report material litigation and regulatory matters to our corporate headquarters on a timely basis. We plan to continue to improve our control and compliance policies in the future.
We may penalize our employees or individual agents who commit misconduct or fraud, breach the terms of their employment or agency agreements, exceed their authorization limits or fail to follow prescribed procedures in delivering insurance policies and premium payments, in each case having regard to the severity of the offense. Employees or individual agents are required to reimburse us for any losses suffered by us resulting from their misconduct or fraud. In serious cases, we may terminate their employment or agency agreements. We report criminal offenses to the PRC authorities and may also bring concurrent civil actions against employees or individual agents. We have experienced agent and employee misconduct that has resulted in litigation and administrative actions against us and these agents and employees, and in some cases criminal proceedings and convictions against the agent or employee in question. None of these actions has resulted in material losses, damages, fines or other sanctions against us. We cannot assure you, however, that agent or employee misconduct will not lead to a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Policy on Dividend Distributions Our board of directors has passed a resolution on March 25, 2009April 7, 2010 to propose for approval at the annual general meeting of the declaration of final dividends of RMB0.23RMB 0.70 per share, totaling approximately RMB6,501RMB 19,785 million (US$9532,899 million), for the year ended December 31, 2008.2009. The proposed dividends have not been provided for in our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2008.2009.
110
The payment of any dividend by us must be approved by shareholders in a shareholders’ meeting. Our board of directors intends to make its recommendations regarding the declaration of cash dividends to the shareholders in general meeting. The decision to make a recommendation for the payment of any dividend and the amount of the dividend for the years following
20082009 will depend on:
our results of operations and cash flows;
| • | | our results of operations and cash flows; |
|
| • | | our financial position; |
|
| • | | statutory solvency requirements as determined under PRC GAAP with reference to CIRC rules; |
|
| • | | our shareholders’ interests; |
|
| • | | general business conditions; |
|
| • | | our future prospects; |
|
| • | | statutory and regulatory restrictions on the payment of dividends by us; and |
|
| • | | other factors that our board of directors deems relevant. |
statutory solvency requirements as determined under PRC GAAP with reference to CIRC rules;
our shareholders’ interests;
general business conditions;
statutory and regulatory restrictions on the payment of dividends by us; and
other factors that our board of directors deems relevant.
We will pay dividends out of our after-tax profits only after we have made the following allowances and allocations:
recovery of accumulated losses, if any;
allocations to the statutory common reserve fund equivalent to 10% of our after-tax income, as determined under PRC GAAP; and
allocations to a discretionary common reserve fund as approved by the shareholders in a shareholders’ meeting.
When the statutory common reserve fund reaches and is maintained at or above 50% of our registered capital, as determined under PRC GAAP, no further allocations to this fund will be required.
Under Chinese law, dividends may be paid only out of distributable profits. Distributable profits
generally means our after-tax profits as determined under PRC GAAP,
or HKFRS, whichever is lower, less any recovery of accumulated losses and allocations to statutory funds that we are required to
make.make, subject to further regulatory restrictions. There is no difference between after-tax profits as determined under PRC GAAP and IFRS. Any distributable profits that are not distributed in a given year are retained and available for distribution in subsequent years. However, ordinarily we will not pay any dividends in a year in which we do not have any distributable profits.
Payment of dividends by us is also regulated by the PRC insurance law. If we do not meet the minimum solvency margin required by the CIRC, we may be prohibited from paying dividends. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Regulatory and Related Matters—Insurance Company Regulation—Solvency requirements”.
111
We declared no dividends in respect of 2004 and paid dividends of
RMB0.05RMB 0.05 per share in respect of 2005,
RMB0.14RMB 0.14 per share in respect of 2006,
and RMB0.42RMB 0.42 per share in respect of
2007.2007 and RMB 0.23 per share in respect of 2008. Our board of directors has recommended the declaration of final dividends of
RMB0.23RMB 0.70 per share in respect of
2008.2009. We expect to continue to pay dividends in line with our financial performance thereafter. We will declare dividends, if any, in Renminbi with respect to the H shares on a per share basis and will pay such dividends in Hong Kong dollars.
B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGESSee “Item 8. Financial Information—Legal and Regulatory Proceedings—Class Action Litigations.
We are not aware of any significant charges since the date of the consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.
China Life prepares financial statements to public investors in accordance with
HKFRS.the relevant accounting standards. An alternative measure of the value and profitability of a life insurance company can be provided by the embedded value method. Embedded value is an actuarially determined estimate of the economic value of the life insurance business of an insurance company based on a particular set of assumptions about future experience, excluding the economic value of future new business. In addition, the value of one year’s sales represents an actuarially determined estimate of the economic value arising from new life insurance business issued in one year.
China Life believes that reporting our embedded value and value of one year’s sales provides useful information to investors in two respects. First, the value of our in-force business represents the total amount of distributable earnings, in present value terms, which can be expected to emerge over time, in accordance with the assumptions used. Second, the value of one year’s sales provides an indication of the value created for investors by new business activity and hence the potential of the business. However, the information on embedded value and value of one year’s sales should not be viewed as a substitute of financial measures under
HKFRS or any otherthe relevant accounting
basis.bases. Investors should not make investment decisions based solely on embedded value information and the value of one year’s sales.
It is important to note that actuarial standards with respect to the calculation of embedded value are still evolving. There is still no universal standard which defines the form, calculation methodology or presentation format of the embedded value of an insurance company. Hence, differences in definition, methodology, assumptions, accounting basis and disclosures may cause inconsistency when comparing the results of different companies.
Also, embedded value calculation involves substantial technical complexity and estimates can vary materially as key assumptions are changed. Therefore, special care is advised when interpreting embedded value results.
The values shown below do not consider the future financial effect of the Policy Management Agreement between CLIC and China Life, the Non-competition Agreement between CLIC and China Life, the Trademark License Agreement between CLIC and China Life, and the Property Leasing Agreement
Between CLICbetween IHC and China Life, nor the future financial impact of transactions of China Life with AMC, China Life Pension, and CLPCIC.
Definitions of Embedded Value and Value of One Year’s Sales The embedded value of a life insurer is defined as the sum of the adjusted net worth and the value of in-force business allowing for the cost of capital supporting a company’s desired solvency margin.
112
“Adjusted net worth” is equal to the sum of:
Net assets, defined as assets less PRC statutory policy reserves and other liabilities, all measured on a PRC statutory basis;liabilities; and
Net-of-tax adjustments for relevant differences between the market value of assets and the book value determined on a PRC statutory basis,of assets, together with relevant net-of-tax adjustments to other assets andcertain liabilities.
According to the PRC accounting basis, some investment assets are not measured on market value. As the embedded value is based on market value, it is necessary to make adjustments to the value of net assets under the PRC accounting basis.
The market value of assets can fluctuate significantly over time due to the impact of the prevailing market environment. Hence the adjusted net worth can fluctuate significantly between valuation dates.
The “value of in-force business” and the “value of one year’s sales” are defined here as the discounted value of the projected stream of future after-tax distributable profits for existing in-force business at the valuation date and for one year’s sales in the 12 months immediately preceding the valuation date. Distributable profits arise after allowance for PRC statutory
policy reserves and solvency margins at the required regulatory minimum level.
The value of in-force business and the value of one year’s sales have been determined using a traditional deterministic discounted cash flow methodology. This methodology makes implicit allowance for the cost of investment guarantees and policyholder options, asset/liability mismatch risk, credit risk and the economic cost of capital through the use of a risk-adjusted discount rate.
Assumptions
Economic assumptions:Preparation and ReviewThe calculations are based upon assumed corporate tax rate of 25% for all years. The investment returns are assumed to be 4.25 % in 2008 and grading to 5.5% in 2013 (remaining level thereafter). An average of 18% in 2008, grading to 12% in 2017 (remaining level thereafter) of the investment returns is assumed to be exempt from income tax. These returns and tax exempt assumptions are based on our long term strategic asset mix and expected future returns. The risk-adjusted discount rate used is 11%.
Other operating assumptions such as mortality, morbidity, lapses and expenses are based on our recent operating experience and expected future outlook.
Preparation
The embedded value and the value of one year’s sales were prepared by China Life in accordance with “Life Insurance Embedded Value Reporting Guidelines” issued by the CIRC. The Tillinghast insurance consulting business of Towers Perrin (“Towers Perrin”),Watson, an international firm of consulting actuariesconsultants, performed a review of China Life’sour embedded value. The review statement from Towers PerrinWatson is contained in the “Embedded Value“Report on Towers Watson Review Statement”and Opinion on Embedded Value” section.
Assumptions
Economic assumptions
The calculations are based upon assumed corporate tax rate of 25% for all years. The investment returns are assumed to be 4.6% in 2009 and grading to 5.35% in 2012, rising to 5.5% in 2013 (remaining level thereafter). An average of 15% from 2009 to 2016, and 13% in 2017 (remaining level thereafter) of the investment returns is assumed to be exempt from income tax. These investment return and tax exempt assumptions are based on our long term strategic asset mix and expected future returns. The risk-adjusted discount rate used is 11%.
Other operating assumptions such as mortality, morbidity, lapses and expenses are based on our recent operating experience and expected future outlook.
113
The embedded value as at
31 December,
31, 2008,2009, and the value of one year’s sales for the 12 months to
31 December,
31, 20082009, and their corresponding
numbersresults in
20072008 are shown below.
Components of Embedded Value and Value of One Year’s Sales (RMB million) | | | | | | | | |
| Item | | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
| A | | Adjusted Net Worth | | 137,816 | | | 168,175 | |
| B | | Value of In-Force Business before Cost of Solvency Margin | | 122,898 | | | 100,659 | |
| C | | Cost of Solvency Margin | | (20,626 | ) | | (16,266 | ) |
| D | | Value of In-Force Business after Cost of Solvency Margin (B + C) | | 102,271 | | | 84,393 | |
| E | | Embedded Value (A + D) | | 240,087 | | | 252,568 | |
| F | | Value of One Year’s Sales before Cost of Solvency Margin | | 17,528 | | | 14,578 | |
| G | | Cost of Solvency Margin | | (3,604 | ) | | (2,531 | ) |
| H | | Value of One Year’s Sales after Cost of Solvency Margin (F + G) | | 13,924 | | | 12,047 | |
Note: Numbers may not be additive due
(Assuming the method to rounding.determine taxable income for 2009 and thereafter was the same as that in 2008)
| | | | | | | | | |
| ITEM | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| A Adjusted Net Worth | | | 159,948 | | | | 137,816 | |
| B Value of In-Force Business before Cost of Solvency Margin | | | 149,387 | | | | 122,898 | |
| C Cost of Solvency Margin | | | (24,106 | ) | | | (20,626 | ) |
| D Value of In-Force Business after Cost of Solvency Margin (B+C) | | | 125,282 | | | | 102,271 | |
E Embedded Value (A + D) | | | 285,229 | | | | 240,087 | |
| F Value of One Year’s Sales before Cost of Solvency Margin | | | 21,352 | | | | 17,528 | |
| G Cost of Solvency Margin | | | (3,638 | ) | | | (3,604 | ) |
H Value of One Year’s Sales after Cost of Solvency Margin (F + G) | | | 17,713 | | | | 13,924 | |
| | |
| Note: | | Numbers may not be additive due to rounding. |
The following analysis tracks the movement of the embedded value from the start to the end of the
fiscal year ended December 31, 2008.reporting period.
Analysis of Embedded Value Movement in 2008the Year of 2009 (RMB million) (Assuming the method to determine taxable income for 2009 and thereafter was the same as that in 2008)
| | | | | |
Item | | | | |
| ITEM | | RMB Millionmillion | |
| A | | Embedded Value at Start of Year | | 252,568 | 240,087 | |
| B | | Expected Return on Embedded Value | | 18,494 | 21,123 | |
| C | | Value of New Business in the Period | | 13,924 | 17,713 | |
| D | | Operating Experience Variance | | | (1,527560 | ) |
| E | | Investment Experience Variance | | (33,651 | )19,590 | |
| F | | Methodology, Model and Assumption Changes | | | (1,6311,155 | ) |
| G | | Market Value Adjustment | | 4,897 | (4,283 | ) |
| H | | Exchange Gains or Losses | | | (90528 | ) |
| I | | Shareholder Dividend Distribution | | | (11,8736,500 | ) |
| J | | Other | | | (209757 | ) |
K | | Embedded Value as at December 31 2008Dec 2009 (sum A through J) | | 240,087 | 285,229 | |
Notes: | | |
| Notes: | 1) | Numbers may not be additive due to rounding. |
2) |
| 2) | Items B through J are explained below: |
| | B | | |
| B | | Reflects unwinding of the opening value of in-force business and value of new business sales in 20082009 plus the expected return on investments supporting the 20082009 opening net worth. |
|
| | C | | Value of new business sales in 2008.2009. |
114
| | D | | |
| D | | Reflects the difference between actual 2008 experience in 2009 (including lapse, mortality, morbidity, and expense etc.) and the assumptions. |
|
| | E | | Compares actual with expected investment returns during 2008.2009. |
|
| | F | | Reflects the effect of projection method, model enhancements model and assumption revisions.changes. |
|
| | G | | Change in the market value adjustment from the beginning of year 20082009 to the end of the year 2008.2009, and other related adjustments. |
|
| | H | | Reflect the gains or losses due to change in exchange rate. |
|
| | I | | Reflects dividends distributed to shareholders during 2008.2009. |
|
| | J | | Other miscellaneous items. |
Sensitivity testing was performed using a range of alternative assumptions. In each of the sensitivity tests, only the assumption referred to was changed, with all other assumptions remaining unchanged. The results are summarized below.
Sensitivity Results (RMB million)
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | VALUE OF IN- | | | VALUE OF ONE | |
| | | FORCE BUSINESS | | | YEAR’S SALES | |
| Scenarios 1-16: Assuming the method to | | AFTER COST OF | | | AFTER COST OF | |
| determine taxable income for 2009 and thereafter | | SOLVENCY | | | SOLVENCY | |
| was the same as that in 2008 | | MARGIN | | | MARGIN | |
| | |
| Base case scenario | | | 125,282 | | | | 17,713 | |
1.Risk discount rate of 11.5% | | | 118,536 | | | | 16,706 | |
2.Risk discount rate of 10.5% | | | 132,544 | | | | 18,800 | |
3.10% increase in investment return | | | 148,993 | | | | 20,492 | |
4.10% decrease in investment return | | | 101,664 | | | | 14,958 | |
5.10% increase in expenses | | | 123,264 | | | | 16,211 | |
6.10% decrease in expenses | | | 127,297 | | | | 19,215 | |
7.10% increase in mortality rate for non-annuity products and 10% decrease in mortality rate for annuity products | | | 123,782 | | | | 17,581 | |
8.10% decrease in mortality rate for non-annuity products and 10% increase in mortality rate for annuity products | | | 126,802 | | | | 17,847 | |
9.10% increase in lapse rates | | | 123,681 | | | | 17,461 | |
10.10% decrease in lapse rates | | | 126,962 | | | | 17,974 | |
11.10% increase in morbidity rates | | | 123,562 | | | | 17,546 | |
12.10% decrease in morbidity rates | | | 127,016 | | | | 17,882 | |
13.10% increase in claim ratio of short term business | | | 125,029 | | | | 17,200 | |
14.10% decrease in claim ratio of short term business | | | 125,534 | | | | 18,227 | |
15.Solvency margin at 150% of statutory minimum | | | 113,229 | | | | 15,894 | |
16.Using 2008 EV assumptions | | | 126,117 | | | | 17,994 | |
17.Projected taxable income based on accounting profit in accordance to “the Provisions on the Accounting Treatment Related to Insurance Contracts” | | | 120,004 | | | | 17,227 | |
| | |
| | | Adjusted Net Worth | |
| Base Case Scenario | | | 159,948 | |
18.Taxable income based on accounting profit in accordance to “the Provisions on the Accounting Treatment Related to Insurance Contracts” for 2009 | | | 156,112 | |
| | |
| Note: | | Scenarios 17 and 18 reflect the sensitivity to a different approach in determining the taxable income. |
| | | | |
| | | Value of In-force
Business after Cost of
Solvency Margin | | Value of One Year’s
Sales after Cost of
Solvency Margin |
Base case scenario | | 102,271 | | 13,924 |
Risk discount rate of 11.5% | | 96,505 | | 13,061 |
Risk discount rate of 10.5% | | 108,493 | | 14,855 |
10% increase in investment return | | 122,135 | | 16,484 |
10% decrease in investment return | | 82,417 | | 11,366 |
10% increase in expenses | | 100,472 | | 12,400 |
10% decrease in expenses | | 104,070 | | 15,448 |
10% increase in mortality rate for non-annuity products and 10% decrease in mortality rate for annuity products | | 100,952 | | 13,783 |
10% decrease in mortality rate for non-annuity products and 10% increase in mortality rate for annuity products | | 103,965 | | 14,066 |
10% increase in lapse rates | | 100,841 | | 13,671 |
10% decrease in lapse rates | | 103,776 | | 14,192 |
10% increase in morbidity rates | | 100,692 | | 13,757 |
10% decrease in morbidity rates | | 103,864 | | 14,091 |
Solvency margin at 150% of statutory minimum | | 92,307 | | 12,101 |
10% increase in claim ratio of short term business | | 102,024 | | 13,421 |
10% decrease in claim ratio of short term business | | 102,519 | | 14,426 |
VNB under 2007 Assumptions | | — | | 14,424 |
115
Report on Towers Wastson Review and Opinion on Embedded Value Review StatementTo:
To The Directors of China Life Insurance Company Limited
China Life Insurance Company Limited (“China Life”) has prepared embedded value results for the financial year ended 31 December 2009 (“EV Results”). The disclosure of these EV Results, together with a description of the methodology and assumptions that have been used, are shown in the Embedded Value section.
China Life has engaged the Tillinghast insurance consulting business of Towers PerrinWatson Pennsylvania Inc., trading as Towers Watson (“Towers Perrin”Watson”) to review its EV Results. This report is addressed solely to China Life’s embedded value as at December 31, 2008Life in accordance with the terms of our engagement letter, and sets out the valuescope of one year’s salesour work and our conclusions. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, we do not accept or assume any responsibility, duty of care or liability to anyone other than China Life for or in respectconnection with our review work, the opinions we have formed, or for any statement set forth in this report.
Scope of business written in the 12 months to December 31, 2008.Towers Perrin’swork
Our scope of work covered:
a review of the methodology used to develop the embedded value and value of one year’s sales;sales as at 31 December 2009, in the light of the requirements of the “Life Insurance Embedded Value Reporting Guidelines” issued by the China Insurance Regulatory Commission (“CIRC”) in September 2005;
a review of the economic and operating assumptions used to develop the embedded value and value of one year’s sales;sales as at 31 December 2009;
a review of the results of the embedded value and value of one year’s sales, the resultsChina Life’s calculation of the analysisEV Results.
In carrying out our review, we have relied on the accuracy of movement of embedded value,audited and the sensitivity results of the value of in force businessunaudited data and value of one year’s sales.information provided by China Life.
Opinion
Based on
this review, Towers Perrin hasthe scope of work above, we have concluded
that, in preparing the embedded value and value of one year’s sales as at December 31, 2008:that:the embedded value methodology used by China Life is consistent with the requirements of the “Life Insurance Embedded Value Reporting Guidelines” issued by the CIRC, the methodology applied by China Insurance Regulatory Commission;Life is a common methodology used to determine embedded values of life insurance companies in China at the current time;
the economic assumptions used by China Life are internally consistent, have been set with regard to current economic conditions, and have made allowance for the company’s current and expected future asset mix and investment strategy, and consistent with available market information and market environment;strategy;
the operating assumptions used by China Life have been set with appropriate regard to past, current and expected future experience;
the results of China Life’s calculations
no changes have been determinedassumed to the treatment of tax, but some sensitivity results relating to tax have been shown by China Life; and
the EV Results have been prepared, in a manner consistentall material respects, in accordance with the methodology and assumptions described above.set out in the Embedded Value section.
116
Towers Perrin’s opinion has relied
For and on the general accuracy of audited and unaudited data and information provided by China Life.Tillinghast insurance consulting businessbehalf of Towers Perrin
Watson Adrian Liu FIAA FCAA
26th March 2010
| | |
Adrian Liu, FIAA
ITEM 9. | | Lawrence Lee, FSA |
Title: General Manager
| | Title: Consultant |
March 18, 2009
| | |
ITEM 9. | THE OFFER AND LISTING. |
In connection with our initial public offering, our American depositary shares, or ADSs, each representing 40 H shares, were listed and commenced trading on New York Stock Exchange on December 17, 2003 under the symbol “LFC”. Our H shares were listed and commenced trading on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange on December 18, 2003 under the stock code “2628”. Prior to these listings, there was no public market for our equity securities. The New York Stock Exchange and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange are the principal trading markets for our ADSs and H shares, which are not listed on any other exchanges in or outside the United States.
On December 29, 2006, the ratio of ADSs to H shares was reduced from 40 H shares to 15 H shares. Our A shares were listed and commenced trading on the Shanghai Stock Exchange on January 9, 2007 under the stock code “601628”.
The high and low closing sale prices of the H shares on the HKSE, the ADSs on the NYSE and the A shares on the SSE for the periods indicated are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Price per H Share
(HK$) | | Price per ADS(1)
(US$) | | Price per A share
(RMB) | |
| | | High | | Low | | High | | Low | | High | | | Low | |
Annual | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2004 | | 6.5500 | | 3.8500 | | 12.96 | | 7.49 | | — | | | — | |
2005 | | 6.9000 | | 4.8500 | | 13.49 | | 9.45 | | — | | | — | |
2006 | | 27.2000 | | 7.0500 | | 52.18 | | 13.76 | | — | | | — | |
2007 | | 52.0000 | | 19.2600 | | 106.56 | | 36.70 | | 75.0800 | (2) | | 32.0400 | (2) |
2008 | | 39.8500 | | 16.7000 | | 76.75 | | 33.57 | | 58.9700 | | | 18.1500 | |
Quarterly | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
First Quarter, 2007 | | 28.3000 | | 19.2600 | | 55.75 | | 36.70 | | 46.8600 | (2) | | 32.0400 | (2) |
Second Quarter, 2007 | | 28.9500 | | 22.4000 | | 55.37 | | 43.20 | | 44.9100 | | | 33.9600 | |
Third Quarter, 2007 | | 44.6500 | | 27.6000 | | 86.22 | | 52.55 | | 62.4100 | | | 39.2800 | |
Fourth Quarter, 2007 | | 52.0000 | | 39.0000 | | 106.56 | | 74.03 | | 75.0800 | | | 52.9000 | |
First Quarter, 2008 | | 39.8500 | | 25.1500 | | 76.75 | | 50.00 | | 58.9700 | | | 26.7100 | |
Second Quarter, 2008 | | 35.3500 | | 27.2000 | | 68.35 | | 52.18 | | 36.5900 | | | 23.9200 | |
Third Quarter, 2008 | | 30.4000 | | 25.4000 | | 59.09 | | 48.79 | | 27.6400 | | | 18.9700 | |
Fourth Quarter, 2008 | | 29.5000 | | 16.7000 | | 57.00 | | 33.57 | | 23.7900 | | | 18.1500 | |
First Quarter, 2009 | | 26.4500 | | 19.9000 | | 51.56 | | 38.34 | | 24.0300 | | | 18.6700 | |
Monthly | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
October 2008 | | 29.5000 | | 16.7000 | | 57.00 | | 33.57 | | 23.7900 | | | 18.3900 | |
November 2008 | | 22.5000 | | 19.0000 | | 43.50 | | 34.28 | | 21.5900 | | | 18.5700 | |
December 2008 | | 25.5000 | | 19.6000 | | 49.38 | | 37.59 | | 21.2000 | | | 18.1500 | |
January 2009 | | 25.6000 | | 19.9000 | | 49.90 | | 38.34 | | 20.2900 | | | 18.6700 | |
February 2009 | | 23.8000 | | 20.4000 | | 47.13 | | 39.72 | | 24.0300 | | | 19.9600 | |
March 2009 | | 26.4500 | | 20.7000 | | 51.56 | | 39.33 | | 22.9900 | | | 19.7800 | |
April 2009 (through April 24, 2009) | | 28.2500 | | 25.5000 | | 55.82 | | 50.10 | | 25.3900 | | | 22.6400 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Price per H Share | | | Price per ADS(1) | | | Price per A share | |
| | | (HK$) | | | (US$) | | | (RMB) | |
| | | High | | | Low | | | High | | | Low | | | High | | | Low | |
Annual | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2005 | | | 6.9000 | | | | 4.8500 | | | | 13.49 | | | | 9.45 | | | | — | | | | — | |
| 2006 | | | 27.2000 | | | | 7.0500 | | | | 52.18 | | | | 13.76 | | | | — | | | | — | |
| 2007 | | | 52.0000 | | | | 19.2600 | | | | 106.56 | | | | 36.70 | | | | 75.0800 | (2) | | | 32.0400 | (2) |
| 2008 | | | 39.8500 | | | | 16.7000 | | | | 76.75 | | | | 33.57 | | | | 58.9700 | | | | 18.1500 | |
| 2009 | | | 41.0000 | | | | 19.9000 | | | | 79.86 | | | | 38.34 | | | | 33.1800 | | | | 18.6700 | |
Quarterly | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| First Quarter, 2008 | | | 39.8500 | | | | 25.1500 | | | | 76.75 | | | | 50.00 | | | | 58.9700 | | | | 26.7100 | |
| Second Quarter, 2008 | | | 35.3500 | | | | 27.2000 | | | | 68.35 | | | | 52.18 | | | | 36.5900 | | | | 23.9200 | |
| Third Quarter, 2008 | | | 30.4000 | | | | 25.4000 | | | | 59.09 | | | | 48.79 | | | | 27.6400 | | | | 18.9700 | |
| Fourth Quarter, 2008 | | | 29.5000 | | | | 16.7000 | | | | 57.00 | | | | 33.57 | | | | 23.7900 | | | | 18.1500 | |
| First Quarter, 2009 | | | 26.4500 | | | | 19.9000 | | | | 51.56 | | | | 38.34 | | | | 24.0300 | | | | 18.6700 | |
| Second Quarter, 2009 | | | 30.5000 | | | | 25.4500 | | | | 59.39 | | | | 50.10 | | | | 27.7500 | | | | 22.6200 | |
| Third Quarter, 2009 | | | 36.1500 | | | | 28.6000 | | | | 70.09 | | | | 54.83 | | | | 34.0100 | | | | 25.1000 | |
| Fourth Quarter, 2009 | | | 41.0000 | | | | 32.8000 | | | | 79.86 | | | | 63.16 | | | | 33.1800 | | | | 28.3800 | |
| First Quarter, 2010 | | | 39.3000 | | | | 32.6000 | | | | 76.14 | | | | 62.50 | | | | 31.4200 | | | | 26.6900 | |
Monthly | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| October 2009 | | | 37.1000 | | | | 32.8000 | | | | 72.63 | | | | 63.16 | | | | 31.5400 | | | | 28.3800 | |
| November 2009 | | | 40.7500 | | | | 36.2000 | | | | 78.85 | | | | 70.64 | | | | 32.3000 | | | | 29.5100 | |
| December 2009 | | | 41.0000 | | | | 36.3000 | | | | 79.86 | | | | 70.97 | | | | 31.1800 | | | | 29.1000 | |
| January 2010 | | | 39.3000 | | | | 33.8000 | | | | 76.14 | | | | 65.04 | | | | 31.4200 | | | | 27.0500 | |
| February 2010 | | | 34.8500 | | | | 32.6000 | | | | 67.48 | | | | 62.50 | | | | 28.0900 | | | | 26.6900 | |
| March 2010 | | | 37.3500 | | | | 34.2000 | | | | 72.04 | | | | 67.25 | | | | 28.7300 | | | | 27.0200 | |
| April 2010 (through April 23, 2010) | | | 38.2000 | | | | 36.3000 | | | | 74.79 | | | | 70.17 | | | | 29.2800 | | | | 27.1300 | |
| | |
| (1) | | Each ADS represented 40 H shares until December 29, 2006 when the ratio was altered such that each ADS represented 15 H shares. The market quotations shown in the table above have been restated for all periods to reflect the current ratio of 15 H shares per ADS. |
|
| (2) | | From the date of listing: January 9, 2007. |
117
| | |
| ITEM 10. | | ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. |
B. ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATIONOur
The following is a brief summary of certain provisions of our current articles of association,
were amended at the
first extraordinary shareholders’ general meeting of 2008 held on October 27, 2008PRC company law and
approved by the CIRC on December 31, 2008. The amendment addressed, among others, the following aspects:certain other laws and regulations on the functions and powers of shareholders’ general meetings;
regulations on the election and appointment of directors, supervisors, president and other senior management;
regulations on the rights and obligations of shareholders, directors, supervisors, president, vice-president and other senior management;
provisions in relationapplicable to us. Such summary is not purported to be complete. For further information, you should refer to the working rulesfull text of the president and rules and procedures of the shareholders’ general meetings, board meetings and supervisory committee meetings;
provisions in relation to profit distribution and preparation of financial and accounting reports; and
provisions in relation to procedures for amendment of the articles of association.
Our currentour articles of association are proposed to be further amended at the shareholders’ annual general meeting to be held on May 25, 2009. Such amendment is subject to approval by the CIRC and concerns (including but not limited to) the following items:
Revisions to the communication methods for shareholders under the articlestexts of association in accordance with relevant rules of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and PRCapplicable laws and regulations;
regulations.Revisions to provisions relating to our liquidation in accordance with relevant requirements by PRC insurance lawObjects and the CIRC;
PurposesManagement of related-party transactions, information disclosure, internal control compliance and anti-money laundering, which are required by the CIRC to be included in the articles of association; and
Policies regarding cash dividends, which are required by the CSRC to be specified in the articles of association.
It is proposed that a special resolution be passed at the shareholders’ annual general meeting to be held on May 25, 2009 to authorize our board of directors to issue additional shares, and amend the articles of association accordingly, in a nominal amount of no more than 20% of each of the aggregate nominal amount of our domestic shares and H shares in issue as at the date of such resolution, by the conclusion of next shareholders’ annual general meeting, or the expiration of the 12-month period following the passing of this resolution, or the date on which the resolution is otherwise revised or revoked by a special resolution of our shareholders, whichever is the earliest. Our board of directors has no immediate plan to issue any new shares.
We are organized under the PRC company law as a joint stock company. We are registered with the SAIC in Beijing, China and our business license carries the registration number 1000001003796.
Our business scope, set forth in Article 10 of our articles of association, is to engage in life, accident and health insurance businesses; reinsurance business relating to the foregoing; fund investment businesses authorized by laws, regulations or the State Council; and agency business, consulting business and provision of services, in each case relating to life insurance.
The following is a summary of information relating to our share capital, based upon provisions of our articles of association and the PRC company law. You should refer to the text of our articles of association and to the texts of applicable laws and regulations for further information.
Our share capital consists of A shares and H shares, including the H shares represented by ADSs. They are all ordinary shares in our share capital. The par value of both our A shares and H shares is RMB1.00 per share. A shares are the RMB ordinary shares that are listed on the SSE, and may only be subscribed for by, and traded among, legal or natural persons of the PRC and certain qualified foreign institutional investors, and must be subscribed for and traded in Renminbi. We must pay all dividends on A shares in Renminbi. H shares are “overseas listed foreign-invested shares” that have been admitted for listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, the par value of which is denominated in Renminbi, and that are subscribed for and traded in Hong Kong dollars by and among investors of Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan and any country other than the PRC. H shares may also be listed on a stock exchange in the United States in the form of American depositary shares evidenced by American depositary receipts.
Holders of A shares and H shares are deemed to be shareholders of different classes for various matters which may affect their respective interests. For instance, if we propose an increase in A shares, holders of H shares will be entitled to vote on that proposal as a separate class. See “—Voting Rights and Shareholders’ Meetings”.
As of the date of this annual report, our total share capital consisted of 20,823,530,000 A shares and 7,441,175,000 H shares.
Our global offering in 2003 consisted solely of an offering of H shares and ADSs representing H shares. Consequently, the following discussion primarily concerns H shares and the rights of holders of H shares. The holders of ADSs will not be treated as our shareholders and will be required to surrender their ADSs for cancellation and withdrawal from the depositary facility in which the H shares are held in order to exercise rights as holders of H shares. The depositary agreed, so far as it is practical, to vote or cause to be voted the amount of H shares represented by ADSs in accordance with the non-discretionary written instructions of the holders of such ADSs.
Sources of Shareholders’ Rights The primary sources of shareholders’ rights are the PRC company law, our articles of association, Special Rules applicable to overseas listed joint stock companies promulgated by the State Council, or Special Rules, relevant CSRC regulations, the Shanghai Stock Exchange Listing Rules, and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange Listing Rules that, among other things, impose certain standards of conduct, fairness and disclosure on us, our directors and CLIC, our controlling shareholder. The PRC company law was enacted in December 1993 and serves as the primary body of law regulating corporate actions of companies organized in the PRC and its directors and shareholders.
Our articles of association have incorporated the provisions set forth in the Mandatory Provisions for the Articles of Association of Companies Listed Overseas, or the Mandatory Provisions, adopted in 1994 pursuant to the requirements of the CSRC and the provisions set forth in the Guidelines on the Articles of Association of Listed Companies, or the Guidelines, as amended in 2006 by the CSRC. Any amendment to the relevant mandatory provisions will only become effective after approval by the relevant governmental departments authorized by the State Council and the CSRC. The Hong Kong Stock Exchange Listing Rules require a number of provisions in addition to the Mandatory Provisions to be included in our articles of association.
118
According to the HKSE Listing Rules, we may not amend certain provisions of our articles of association that have been mandated by the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. These provisions include, among others:
varying the rights of existing classes of shares;
our power to purchase our own shares;
rights of minority shareholders; and
In addition, upon the listing of the H shares and for so long as the H shares are listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, we
will beare subject to the relevant ordinances, rules and regulations applicable to companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, including, among other things, the Hong Kong Stock Exchange Listing Rules, the Securities and Futures Ordinance and the Hong Kong Codes on Takeovers and Mergers and Share Repurchases.
Unless otherwise specified, all rights, obligations and protections discussed below are derived from our articles of association and the PRC company law.
Enforceability of Shareholders’ Rights Enforceability of our shareholders’ rights may be limited.
In accordance with the rules applicable to Chinese overseas listed companies, our articles of association provide that, with certain limited exceptions, all disputes or claims based on our articles of association, the PRC company law or other relevant laws or administrative rules, and concerning matters between holders of H shares and holders of A shares, us, or our directors, supervisors, president, vice presidents or other senior officers, must be submitted for arbitration at either the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission or the Hong Kong International Arbitration Center. If an applicant chooses to have the dispute arbitrated at the Hong Kong International Arbitration Center, either party may request that venue be changed to Shenzhen, a city in mainland China near Hong Kong. The governing law for the above-mentioned disputes or claims is Chinese law unless otherwise provided by Chinese law.
Our articles of association provide that anyAny such arbitration will be final and conclusive.
In June 1999, an arrangement was made between the People’s Courts of the PRC and the courts of Hong Kong for mutual enforcement of arbitration rewards rendered in the PRC and Hong Kong according to their respective laws. This arrangement was approved by the Supreme Court of the PRC and the Hong Kong Legislative Council and became effective on February 1, 2000.
There has not been any published report of judicial enforcement in the PRC by H shareholders of their rights under charter documents of PRC joint stock companies or the PRC company law or in the application or interpretation of the PRC or Hong Kong regulatory provisions applicable to PRC joint stock companies.
The PRC company law allows shareholders to sue, on behalf of the corporation, against persons, including corporate officers, directors, who have allegedly wronged the corporation, where the corporation itself has failed to enforce such claim against such persons directly. Class action lawsuits based on violations of securities laws are generally not available.
119
We are subject to the Hong Kong Exchange Listing Rules, the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Ordinance, or Securities and Futures Ordinance, and the Hong Kong Codes on Takeovers and Mergers and Share Repurchases. However, holders of H shares will not be able to bring actions on the basis of violations of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange Listing Rules and must instead rely on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange to enforce its rules. The Hong Kong Codes on Takeovers and Mergers and Share Repurchases do not have the force of law and are only standards of commercial conduct considered acceptable for takeover and merger transactions and share repurchases in Hong Kong as established by the Securities and Futures Commission of Hong Kong and the securities and futures industry in Hong Kong. The Securities and Futures Ordinance establishes various obligations in relation to disclosure of shareholders’ interests in Hong Kong listed companies, the violation of which is subject to prosecution by the Securities and Futures Commission of Hong Kong.
See “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the People’s Republic of China—The laws in China differ from the laws in the United States and may afford less protection to our minority shareholders” and “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the People’s Republic of China—You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing original actions in the PRC based on U.S. or other foreign laws against us, our management and some of the experts named in the annual report”.
Our board of directors may propose dividend distributions at any time. A distribution of dividends for any fiscal year is subject to shareholders’ approval. Dividends may be distributed in the form of cash or shares. The H shares will rank equally with A shares with regard to dividend rights. A distribution of shares must be approved by special resolution of the shareholders.
We may only distribute dividends after allowance has been made for:
recovery of accumulated losses, if any;
allocations to the statutory common reserve fund equivalent to 10% of our after-tax income; and
allocations to a discretionary common reserve fund as approved by the shareholders in a shareholders’ meeting.
Under Chinese law, dividends may be paid only out of distributable profits. Distributable profits
generally means our after-tax profits as determined under PRC GAAP,
or HKFRS, whichever is lower, less any recovery of accumulated losses and allocations to statutory funds that we are required to
make.make, subject to further regulatory restrictions. There is no difference between after-tax profits as determined under PRC GAAP and IFRS. Any distributable profits that are not distributed in a given year are retained and available for distribution in subsequent years. However, we will ordinarily not pay any dividends in a year when we do not have any distributable profits.
Payment of dividends by us is also regulated by the PRC insurance law. If we do not meet the solvency margin required by the CIRC, we will be prohibited from paying dividends. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Regulation and Related Matters—Insurance Company Regulation—Solvency requirements”.
Our articles of association require us to appoint, on behalf of the holders of H shares, a receiving agent that is registered as a trust corporation under the Trustee Ordinance of Hong Kong to receive dividends declared by us in respect of the H shares on behalf of such shareholders. Our articles of association require that cash dividends in respect of H shares be declared in Renminbi and paid by us in Hong Kong dollars. The depositary will convert these proceeds into U.S. dollars and will remit the converted proceeds to holders of our ADSs.
120
We anticipate that our controlling shareholder, CLIC, may incur future operating losses arising in part from the runoff of policies retained by it in connection with the restructuring. Dividends received from us may become one of CLIC’s principal means of funding these losses. Although we believe that the reserves held by CLIC and other financial resources available to it will fund substantially all of any future operating shortfalls arising out of these policies, which should reduce CLIC’s reliance on dividends from us, subject to the relevant provisions of the PRC company law and our articles of association as described above and in “Item 8. Financial Information—Consolidated Financial Statements and Other Financial Information—Policy on Dividend Distributions”, CLIC may seek to increase the amount of dividends we pay in order to satisfy its cash flow requirements. See “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Restructuring”.
Dividend payments may be subject to Chinese withholding tax. See “—Taxation—The People’s Republic of China—Taxation of Dividends”.
Voting Rights and Shareholders’ Meetings Our board of directors will convene a shareholders’ annual general meeting once every year within six months from the end of the preceding fiscal year. Our board of directors must convene an interim meeting within two months of the occurrence of any of the following events:
where the number of directors is less than the number stipulated in the PRC company law or two-thirds of the number specified in our articles of association;
where our unrecovered losses reach one-third of the total amount of our share capital;
where shareholders, individually or jointly, holding 10% or more of our issued and outstanding voting shares so request in writing;
whenever our board of directors deems necessary, or more than half of directors (including at least two independent directors) or our board of supervisors so requests; or
any other event as maybe provided by applicable laws, rules, regulations or our articles of association.
All shareholders’ meetings must be convened by our board of directors by written notice given to shareholders no less than 45 days before the meeting. Shareholders holding at least one-half of our total voting shares will constitute a quorum for a shareholders’ meeting. If a quorum is not reached, we are required to notify our shareholders within five days by public announcement of the agenda, the date and the venue of the adjourned meeting. After the notice, we may conduct the shareholders’ meeting. The accidental omission by us to give notice of a meeting to, or the non-receipt of notice of a meeting by, a shareholder will not invalidate the proceedings at that shareholders’ meeting.
121
Shareholders at meetings have the power, among other matters, to approve or reject our profit distribution plans, annual budget, financial statements, increases or decreases in share capital, issuances of debentures, mergers, liquidation, any equity-based incentive plan and any amendment to our articles of association. In addition, the rights of a class of shareholders may not be modified or abrogated, unless approved by a special resolution of shareholders at a general shareholders’ meeting and by a special resolution of shareholders of that class of shares at a separate meeting. Our articles of association enumerate various amendments which would be deemed to be a modification or abrogation of the rights of a class of shareholders, including, among others, increasing or decreasing the number of shares of a class disproportionate to increases or decreases of other classes of shares, removing or reducing rights to receive dividends in a particular currency or creating shares with voting or equity rights superior to those of shares of that class. There are no restrictions under PRC law or our articles of association on the ability of investors that are not Chinese residents to hold H shares and exercise voting rights, except that the prior approval of the CIRC is required in respect of any acquisition which results in the acquirer holding more than
10%5% of the outstanding share capital of our company and the other restrictions set out under “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Regulatory and Related Matters—Insurance Company Regulation—Restriction of ownership in joint stock insurance companies”.
Each of our ordinary shares, whether it be an A share or an H share, is entitled to one vote on all matters submitted for vote at all shareholders’ meetings, except for meetings of a special class of shareholders where only holders of shares of the affected class are entitled to vote on the basis of one vote per share of the affected class.
Shareholders are entitled to attend and vote at meetings either in person or by proxy. Proxies must be in writing and deposited at our legal address or such other place as is specified in the meeting notice, no less than 24 hours before the time for holding the meeting at which the proxy proposes to vote or the time appointed for the passing of the relevant resolution.
Resolutions on any of the following matters must be approved by more than two-thirds of the voting rights held by shareholders who are present in person or by proxy:
an increase or decrease in our share capital or the issuance of shares, warrants, debentures and other similar securities;
our division, merger, dissolution or liquidation (shareholders who object to a proposed merger are entitled to demand that either we or the shareholders who approved the merger purchase their shares at a fair price);
amendments to our articles of association;
amendment of shareholders’ rights of any class of shares;
purchase or sale within any single year of any material assets exceeding 30% of our latest audited total assets;
any equity-based incentive plan; and
any other matters as provided under applicable laws or regulations or determined by a majority of shareholders at a general meeting to have a material impact on us and should be approved by two-thirds of the voting rights.
All other actions taken by the shareholders will be approved by a majority of the voting rights held by shareholders who are present in person or by proxy at the shareholders’ meeting.
Any shareholder resolution that is in violation of any laws or regulations of China or the articles of association will be null and void.
122
We are organized as a joint stock company with limited liability of indefinite duration, but must pass the annual inspection with the SAIC. In the event of our liquidation, the H shares will rank equally with the A shares, and payment of debts out of our remaining assets shall be made in the order of priority prescribed by applicable laws and regulations or, if no such standards exist, in accordance with such procedures as the liquidation committee that has been appointed either by us or the People’s Courts of China may consider to be fair and reasonable. After payment of debts, we shall distribute the remaining property to shareholders in proportion to the number of shares they hold.
Our shareholders may, subject to reasonable fees and costs, obtain a copy of our articles of association and inspect and copy all parts of our register of shareholders, personal particulars of the directors, supervisors, president and other senior officers, reports on the state of our share capital, reports showing the aggregate par value, highest and lowest price paid in respect of each class of shares repurchased by us since the end of the last accounting year and the aggregate amount paid by us for this purpose, minutes of shareholders’ general meetings, and counterfoils of company debt securities, resolutions of board meetings, resolutions of board of supervisors.
Our fiscal year is the calendar year ending December 31. We must send to holders of H shares, no less than 21 days before the date of the shareholders’ annual general meeting and within four months upon the ending of the relevant financial period (for the fiscal period ending before December 31, 2010, within four months upon the ending of relevant fiscal year; for the fiscal period ending on or after December 31, 2010, within three months upon the ending of relevant fiscal year) our audited financial statements for each fiscal year, together with the auditor’s report as required by the Hong Kong Stock Exchange Listing Rules relating to that fiscal year. These and any interim financial statements must be prepared in accordance with PRC accounting standards and, for so long as our H shares are listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, in accordance with
either Hong Kong accounting standards or HKFRS.IFRS. The financial statements must be approved by a majority of our shareholders who are present in person or by proxy at the annual general meeting.
The Hong Kong Stock Exchange Listing Rules also require us to publish an interim report within three months after the end of the first 6 months of each fiscal year (for semi-fiscal period ending before June 30, 2010, within three months upon the ending of the six-month period; for semi-fiscal period ending on or after June 30, 2010, within two months upon the ending of the six-month period). Further, a preliminary announcement of such interim report is required to be published on the HKSE’s website the next business day after such report is approved by our board of directors and at least 30 minutes before the opening of the morning trading session or any pre-market trading session (whichever is earlier) on such day. A copy of such interim report is also required to be sent to every shareholder as soon as reasonably practicable after such publication.
According to the HKSE Listing Rules, we are required to keep the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, our shareholders and other holders of our listed securities informed as soon as reasonably practicable of any information relating to us and our subsidiaries, including information on any major new developments that is not public information, which:
is necessary to enable them and the public to appraise the position of us and our subsidiaries;
is necessary to avoid the establishment of a false market in our securities; and
might reasonably be expected to affect materially market activity in, and the price of, our securities.
123
We are also required to disclose to our shareholders details of various acquisitions or disposals of assets and other transactions (including transactions with controlling shareholders).
Restrictions on Transferability and the Share Register Unless otherwise permitted by relevant PRC rules or regulations or approved by relevant PRC authorities, H shares may be traded only among investors who are legal or natural persons resident outside of China, and may not be sold to investors resident within the PRC. There are no restrictions under PRC law or our articles of association on the ability of investors who are not PRC residents to hold H shares. However, under relevant PRC law, a legal person resident outside of China is only allowed to hold not more than 10% of our issued share capital and legal persons resident outside of China are only allowed to hold in aggregate not more than 25% of our issued share capital.
We are required to keep a register of our shareholders, which shall be comprised of various parts, including one part which is to be maintained in Hong Kong in relation to holders of H shares. Shareholders have the right to inspect and, for a reasonable charge, to copy the share register. No transfers of ordinary shares will be recorded in our share register within thirty days prior to the date of a shareholders’ general meeting or within five days prior to the record date established for the purpose of distributing a dividend.
We have appointed Computershare Hong Kong Investor Services Limited to act as the registrar of our H shares. This registrar maintains our register of holders of H shares and enters transfers of H shares in such register upon the presentation of the documents described above.
Increases in Share Capital Under our articles of association, issuance of new securities, including ordinary shares, securities convertible into ordinary shares, options, warrants or similar rights to subscribe for any ordinary shares or convertible securities, must be approved by two-thirds of all shareholders. In addition, the issuance of A shares or H shares must be approved by two-thirds of the class of domestic shares or H shares, as the case may be, unless the number of shares to be issued shall not exceed 20% of the number of shares of the same class then outstanding in any 12-month period.
It is proposed that a
A special resolution
bewas passed at the shareholders’ annual general meeting
to be held on May 25, 2009 to authorize our board of directors to issue additional shares, and amend the articles of association accordingly, in a nominal amount of no more than 20% of each of the aggregate nominal amount of our domestic shares and H shares in issue as at the date of such resolution, by the conclusion of next shareholders’ annual general meeting, or the expiration of the 12-month period following the passing of this resolution, or the date on which the resolution is otherwise revised or revoked by a special resolution of our shareholders, whichever is the earliest. Our board of directors has no immediate plan to issue any new shares.
Shareholders are not liable to make any further contribution to the share capital other than according to the terms that were agreed upon by the subscriber of the relevant shares at the time of subscription. New issues of shares must also be approved by relevant Chinese authorities.
124
Decreases in Share Capital and Repurchases We may reduce our registered share capital only upon obtaining the approval of at least two-thirds of our shareholders and, in certain circumstances, of relevant Chinese authorities. The number of H shares that may be repurchased is subject to the Hong Kong Codes on Takeovers and Mergers and Share Repurchases.
Restrictions on Ownership No individual legal entity or other organization (including any associated party thereof) that invests in an insurance company, other than an insurance holding company or an insurance company approved by the CIRC, may hold in excess of 20% of the shares in the insurance company. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Regulation and Related Matters—Insurance Company Regulation—Restriction of ownership in joint stock insurance companies”.
Restrictions on Large or Controlling Shareholders Our articles of association define a controlling shareholder as any person who acting alone or in concert with others:
is in a position to elect more than one-half of the board of directors;
has the power to exercise, or to control the exercise of, 30% or more of our voting rights;
holds 30% or more of our issued and outstanding shares; or
has de facto control of us in any other way.
As of the date of this annual report, CLIC, a wholly state-owned enterprise, is our only controlling shareholder.
Our articles of association provide that, in addition to any obligation imposed by laws and administrative regulations or required by the Hong Kong Stock Exchange Listing Rules, a controlling shareholder shall not exercise its voting rights in a manner prejudicial to the interests of other shareholders:
to relieve a director or supervisor from his or her duty to act honestly in our best interests;
to approve the appropriation by a director or supervisor, for his or her own benefit or for the benefit of any other person, of our assets in any way, including without limitation opportunities which may be advantageous to us; or
to approve the appropriation by a director or supervisor, for his or her own benefit or for the benefit of another person, of the individual rights of other shareholders, including without limitation rights to distributions and voting rights (except in accordance with a restructuring of our company which has been submitted for approval by the shareholders at a general meeting in accordance with our articles of association).
125
Our articles of association also provide that a controlling shareholder or an actual controlling person shall not exploit its affiliated relation in a manner prejudicial to the interest of our company, and shall be liable for any losses suffered by us as a result thereof. The controlling shareholder or actual controlling person shall have fiduciary duties to both our company and our public shareholders. The controlling shareholder shall exercise its rights as a capital contributor of our company in strict compliance with the law. The controlling shareholder shall not cause any damage to the lawful rights and interest of our company and our public shareholders through, among others, any connected transactions, profit distribution, asset restructuring, external investment, fund appropriation and loan guarantee, or impair the interest of our company and our public shareholders through its controlling position.
Our non-employee directors are elected by our shareholders at shareholders’ general meetings, and employee directors are elected by our employees or other democratic means at the employee representative conference. Directors are elected for a term of three years and may serve consecutive terms if re-elected.
Article 23 of Special Regulations on the Overseas Offering and Listing of Shares by Joint Stock Limited Companies provides that directors, supervisors, and senior officers of a company owe duties of honesty, care and diligence to their company.
Our articles of association provide that, in exercising their duties and powers, our directors, supervisors and senior officers will act with the care, diligence and skills that are expected of a reasonable person under similar circumstances, observe fiduciary principles and not place themselves in a situation where their interests conflict with the duties they are charged with performing. In addition to these fiduciary duties to our company, each director, supervisor and officer is obligated to each shareholder:
to act honestly in our company’s best interests;
not to exploit corporate assets for personal gains; and
not to expropriate the rights of our shareholders.
If directors, supervisors or officers are found to have misappropriated our company’s assets or misused their position for personal gain, the PRC company law provides that any misappropriated or misused property be returned and any illegal proceeds received by such director, supervisor or officer be confiscated, and allows us to impose punishment on them. In serious cases, criminal liability may also be imposed. According to our articles of association, our shareholders may bring a derivative suit against any director, supervisor or officer who has breached his fiduciary duties. Most disputes between H shareholders and directors, supervisors and officers are required to be resolved by final and binding arbitration.
Moreover, our articles of association provide that our directors, supervisors and senior officers must not enter into transactions or contracts with us or agree to make corporate loans to any persons or provide guarantees for loans of any shareholder or any other person with corporate assets. In particular, our directors, supervisors and senior officers have obligations to disclose to the board of directors any direct or indirect material interest they may have in any contracts or transactions with us. They may not vote on any contracts, transactions or arrangements in which they have any material interest. Further, we may not make loans or provide guarantees to directors, supervisors or senior officers, unless such loans or guarantees are approved at a shareholders’ meeting or made in the ordinary course of business and to the extent permitted by applicable laws. All decisions relating to the compensation of directors are made at shareholders’ meetings.
126
There are no provisions under our articles of association or PRC law which relate to:
the retirement or non-retirement of directors under any age limit requirement;
directors’ borrowing power; or
number of shares required for directors’ qualification.
Subject to all relevant laws and administrative regulations, the shareholders may remove any director before the expiration of his or her term of office by a majority vote of the shareholders present in person or by proxy at shareholders’ general meetings. A director, supervisor, president, vice president or other senior officer may be relieved of liability for a specific breach of his or her duties by the consent of shareholders so long as specified conditions are met.
Our board of supervisors consists of five supervisors. At least one-third of our board of supervisors must be employee representatives elected by our employees. The remaining members must be elected by our shareholders in a general meeting. One member of our board of supervisors is designated as the chairman. Members of the board of supervisors may not serve as director, president, vice president or other senior management of our company. The term of office for our supervisors is three years, which is renewable upon re-election.
The primary duty of the board of supervisors is to monitor our financial matters and management. The board of supervisors’ powers are generally limited to carrying out investigations and reporting to shareholders, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and other relevant governmental authorities having jurisdiction over our affairs and to convening shareholders’ interim meetings. Reasonable expenses incurred by the board of supervisors in carrying out its duties will be paid by us.
Our supervisors owe fiduciary duties to our company and our shareholders. Please see the discussion of the duties and the nature of recourse our shareholders may have against supervisors in breach of these duties in the subsection entitled “—Board of Directors”.
The board of supervisors is accountable, and will report, to the shareholders at the shareholders’ general meetings.
Certain Differences Between PRC Company Law and Delaware Corporate Law The PRC company law and other laws applicable to us differ in a number of respects from laws generally applicable to United States corporations and their shareholders. The description set forth below includes a summary of certain provisions of the PRC company law, Special Rules, Mandatory Provisions and the Guidelines applicable to companies listed both in the PRC and overseas, such as us, which differ from provisions of the corporate law of the State of Delaware.
127
We are a PRC joint stock company, which is a corporate entity organized under the PRC company law. Under the PRC company law, the registered capital of a joint stock company is divided into shares of equal par value. These shares are commonly called domestic ordinary shares. Each share of a joint stock company ranks equally with all other shares in its class as to voting rights (except for specified class voting rights) and rights to dividends and other distributions. Upon receiving approval from the relevant authorities, a joint stock company may offer its shares for sale to the public and seek to be listed on a stock exchange. The State Council may formulate separate regulations for the issuance of other classes of shares, including H shares. All of our issued shares are fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of H shares may transfer their shares without the approval of other shareholders. Among other things, a joint stock company must have (1) minimum paid-in capital of no less than
RMB5RMB 5 million, (2) a board of directors of not fewer than five and not more than 19 members, and (3) a board of supervisors of not fewer than three members.
The shareholders’ meeting of a joint stock company is the highest authority of the company and exercises the powers of the company with respect to significant matters, subject to applicable law and the articles of association of the company. The business of a joint stock company is under the overall management of a board of directors, subject to the PRC company law, other applicable laws and regulations (which in our case include the PRC insurance law and regulations), the company’s articles of association and duly adopted resolutions of its shareholders. The day-to-day operations of a joint stock company are under the direction of its general manager or president, subject to the applicable laws and regulations, the company’s articles of association and duly adopted resolutions of the directors and shareholders. In addition, the PRC company law provides for the establishment of a board of supervisors for each joint stock company. The supervisors perform and exercise the
functions and powers described below, including examination of the joint stock company’s affairs and monitoring the actions of the directors and officers of the company. The directors, supervisors and officers are not required to hold any qualifying shares in the joint stock company.
A joint stock company may be liquidated involuntarily due to insolvency or voluntarily in accordance with the terms of its articles of association or duly adopted shareholders’ resolutions. The property of a joint stock company remaining after full payment of its liquidation expenses, wages, labor insurance premiums of its employees and statutory compensations, outstanding taxes and debts, is distributed in proportion to the holdings of its shareholders.
Under PRC law, shareholders are given the power to approve specified matters. See “—Voting Rights and Shareholders’ Meetings”. In addition, the Mandatory Provisions provide that at shareholders’ meetings shareholders are entitled to consider any proposals made by shareholders holding in the aggregate at least 3% of voting power over the company’s shares.
Under Delaware law, the business and affairs of a Delaware corporation are, in general, managed by or under the direction of its board of directors. Only certain fundamental matters regarding the corporation are reserved by statute to be exercised by the shareholders. These matters include, in general, the election and removal of directors, the retention and dismissal of the corporation’s independent auditors, mergers and other business combinations involving the corporation, the amendment of the corporation’s certificate of incorporation and a liquidation and dissolution of the corporation.
Shareholders’ approval by written consent PRC law does not provide shareholders of overseas joint stock listed companies with rights to approve corporate matters by written consent. Under Delaware law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action which is required or permitted to be taken at any shareholders’ meeting may be taken without a meeting, subject to various conditions.
128
Amendments of articles of association Under PRC law, an amendment of the articles of association must be approved by an affirmative vote of two-thirds of shareholders attending a shareholders’ meeting. Under the Mandatory Provisions, the proposal to amend the articles is required to be approved by the board of directors, as well as the shareholders. Amendments with respect to the Mandatory Provisions only become effective after approval by the relevant governmental department authorized by the State Council and the China Securities Regulatory Commission.
Under Delaware law, board as well as shareholder approval are required for any amendment to the certificate of incorporation, but no governmental approval is generally required.
Powers and responsibilities of directors Under PRC law, the board of directors is responsible for specified actions, including the following functions and powers of a joint stock company:
convening shareholders’ meetings and reporting its work to shareholders at these meetings;
implementing shareholders’ resolutions;
determining the company’s business plans and investment proposals;
formulating the company’s annual financial budgets and final accounts;
formulating the company’s profit distribution plans and loss recovery plans;
formulating proposals for the increase or decrease in the company’s registered capital and the issue of debentures;
formulating major acquisition and disposal plans and plans for the merger, division or dissolution of the company;
deciding on the company’s internal management structure and formulating its basic management system; and
appointing or removing the company’s principal executive officers; appointing and removing other senior officers based on the recommendation of the principal executive officer and deciding on the remuneration of the senior officers.
In addition, the Mandatory Provisions provide that the board has the authority to formulate any proposal to amend the articles of association and to exercise any other power conferred by a decision of the shareholders’ meeting.
Under Delaware law, the business and affairs of a Delaware corporation are managed by or under the direction of its board of directors. Their powers include fixing the remuneration of directors, except as otherwise provided by statute or in the certificate of incorporation or by-laws of the corporation.
129
Powers and responsibilities of supervisors Under PRC law, a PRC joint stock company must have a board of supervisors consisting of shareholder representatives and one or more employee representatives. Supervisors attend board meetings as non-voting observers. Directors, officers and company personnel in charge of financial matters may not serve as supervisors. The supervisors perform and exercise the following functions and powers:
examining the company’s financial affairs;
monitoring compliance with laws, regulations, the articles of association of the company and the shareholders resolutions by the directors and officers of the company; and suggesting removing the directors and officers who violate these laws and regulations;
requiring corrective action from directors and officers whose actions are contrary to the interests of the company;
proposing the holding of extraordinary shareholders’ meetings;
proposing new items to be inserted in the agenda of the shareholders’ meeting;meeting.
bringing lawsuits against directors or members of senior management, if they violate laws, regulations or articles of association of the company; and
exercising and performing other powers and functions provided for in the company’s articles of association.
In addition, the Mandatory Provisions provide that supervisors of overseas listed joint stock companies are entitled to retain auditors in the name of the company to examine any financial or business reports or profit distribution proposals to be submitted by the directors to a meeting of the shareholders which the supervisors consider questionable, and negotiate or take legal action against any director or the directors in the name of the company. The fees and expenses of attorneys and other professionals incurred by the supervisors in connection with the discharge of their duties are to be paid by the company.
Delaware law makes no provision for a comparable corporate institution.
Duties of directors, supervisors and officers Under PRC law, directors, supervisors and officers of a joint stock company are required to comply with relevant laws and regulations and the company’s articles of association. A director, supervisor or officer who contravenes any law, regulation or the company’s articles of association in the performance of his duties shall be personally liable to the company for any loss incurred by the company. Directors, supervisors and officers are required to carry out their duties honestly diligently and protect the interests of the company. They are also under a duty of confidentiality to the company and prohibited from divulging confidential information concerning the company, except as permitted by relevant laws and regulations or by a decision of a shareholders’ meeting. They may not use their position and authority in the company to seek personal gain. Directors and officers may not directly or indirectly engage in the same business as the company or in any other business detrimental to the interests of the company, and they are required to forfeit any profits from these activities to the company.
130
Under Delaware law, the business and affairs of a corporation are managed by or under the direction of its board of directors. In exercising their powers, directors are charged with a fiduciary duty of care to protect the interests of the corporation and a fiduciary duty of loyalty to act in the best interests of its shareholders.
Limitations on transactions with interested directors, supervisors and officers Under PRC law, directors and officers of a joint stock company may not enter into any contracts or transactions with the company unless permitted by the articles of association or approved by the shareholders. Under PRC law, a company may not provide any guarantees to shareholders or any de facto control person of the company unless such guarantees are approved by a majority of shareholders present at the shareholders’ meeting, excluding the shareholder who will be provided such guarantees. Under the Mandatory Provisions, a director, supervisor or officer is required to disclose to the board any transaction with the company in which he has a direct or indirect interest or in which there is a material conflict of interest between the company and himself. A director is not entitled to vote or be counted for quorum purposes in any board decision on any such transaction. The company may set aside any interested transaction which did not comply with these requirements, unless the other party to such transaction was honestly unaware of the breach of obligations by the interested director, supervisor or officer. The company may not loan or provide any guarantees to directors, supervisors or officers (including persons related to them), except for the loans made in accordance with employment contracts approved by the shareholders, or unless the company’s business scope allows for the provision of loans and guarantees and such loans or guarantees are made under regular commercial terms.
Under Delaware law, an interested transaction is not voidable if (1) the material facts as to such interested director’s relationship or interests are disclosed or are known to the board of directors and the board in good faith authorizes the transaction by the affirmative vote of a majority of the disinterested directors, (2) such material facts are disclosed or are known to the shareholders entitled to vote on such transaction and the transaction is specifically approved in good faith by vote of the majority of shares entitled to vote thereon or (3) the transaction is fair as to the corporation as of the time it is authorized, approved or ratified. Under Delaware law, the interested director could be held liable for a transaction in which such a director derived an improper personal benefit.
Election and removal of directors Under PRC law, the term of office of directors of a joint stock company must be specified in the articles of association, but may not exceed three years. Directors may be re-elected. No director may be removed from office without cause by shareholders prior to the expiration of the director’s term. PRC law does not contemplate a classified board of directors.
Under Delaware law, directors of a Delaware corporation can be removed from office with or without cause by the holders of a majority of shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors, provided that except where
the certificate of incorporation of the Delaware corporation otherwise provides, a member of a classified board may be removed by shareholders only for cause, and in a corporation with cumulative voting, if less than all of the directors are removed, no director may be removed if the votes cast against the director’s removal is sufficient to elect the director if cumulatively voted at an election of directors. The Court of Chancery may remove a director who has been convicted of a felony or found by a court to have committed a breach of the duty of loyalty in connection with his or her duties to the corporation following application by the corporation or derivatively in the right of the corporation by any shareholder. The court may order the removal only if it determines that the director did not act in good faith in performing the acts resulting in the prior conviction or judgment and that removal is necessary to avoid irreparable harm to the corporation.
131
Under PRC law, proposals for distribution of profits are formulated by the board of directors and submitted for shareholder approval at a shareholders’ meeting. Dividends may be distributed in the form of cash or shares.
Under Delaware law, the board of directors of a Delaware corporation may declare dividends out of distributable earnings and profits without the approval of the shareholders.
Amalgamations and business combinations; appraisal rights Under PRC law, amalgamations and divisions involving joint stock companies are required to be approved by shareholders voting at a shareholders’ meeting. The Mandatory Provisions require an amalgamation or division involving the company to be approved by an affirmative vote of two-thirds of the votes present at the shareholders’ meeting called to consider the transaction. Any shareholder opposing such an amalgamation or business combination may request the company or the consenting shareholders to purchase its shares at a fair price. In addition, a sale of fixed assets having a value exceeding one-third of the total fixed assets of the company requires the approval of at least one third of shareholders at the meeting where a quorum presents.
Under Delaware law, with certain exceptions, a merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all the assets of a corporation must be approved by the board of directors and holders of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote. A shareholder objecting to the merger is entitled to appraisal rights pursuant to which the shareholder may receive cash in the amount of the fair value of the shares held by such shareholder (as determined by a court) in lieu of the consideration the shareholder would otherwise receive in the transaction.
Transactions with significant shareholders Under Delaware law, a business combination between a Delaware corporation and an interested shareholder which takes place at any time during a period of three years commencing with the date the interested shareholder became an interested shareholder would need prior approval from the board of directors or a supermajority of the shareholders of the corporation, unless the corporation opted out of the relevant Delaware business combination statute. Under Delaware law, an interested shareholder of a corporation is someone who, together with its affiliates and associates, owns more than 15% of the outstanding common shares of the corporation. No such business combination statute or regulation applies to PRC joint stock companies.
The PRC law provides that most disputes involving an H shareholder are to be resolved by final and binding arbitration.
Class actions and derivative actions generally are available to shareholders under Delaware law for, among other things, breach of fiduciary duty, corporate waste and actions not taken in accordance with applicable law.
Limitations on liability and indemnification of directors and officers PRC law does not provide for any specific limitations on liability or indemnification of directors and officers.
132
Under Delaware law, a corporation may indemnify a director or officer of the corporation against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred in defense of an action, suit or proceeding by reason of such position if (1) the director or officer acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation and (2) with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, the director or officer had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful.
Shareholders’ rights of inspection of corporate records Under PRC law, shareholders are entitled to inspect the articles of association, register of shareholders, corporate bond counter foils, minutes of shareholders’ meetings and board meetings and reports of the financial accounts of the company. In addition, the Mandatory Provisions provide that, after paying reasonable fees, shareholders are entitled to inspect the company’s shareholder list, certain personal information on the directors, supervisors and officers, the company’s capital position and certain information regarding share repurchases conducted by the company during the most recent fiscal year.
Delaware law permits any shareholder of a Delaware corporation to examine or obtain copies of or extracts from the corporation’s shareholder list and its other books and records for any purpose reasonably related to such person’s interest as a shareholder.
See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions” for certain arrangements we have entered into with CLIC, AMC,
China Life Pension, IHC and GDB.
The Renminbi currently is not a freely convertible currency. The SAFE, under the authority of the PBOC, controls the conversion of Renminbi into foreign currency. Until July 20, 2005, the PBOC had been setting and publishing daily a base exchange rate with reference primarily to the supply and demand of Renminbi against the U.S. dollar in the market during the prior day. The PBOC also took into account other factors, such as the general conditions existing in the international foreign exchange markets. From 1994 to July 20, 2005, the official exchange rate for the conversion of Renminbi to U.S. dollars was generally stable. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government introduced a managed floating exchange rate system to allow the value of the Renminbi to fluctuate within a regulated band based on market supply and demand and by reference to a basket of currencies. On the same day, the value of the Renminbi appreciated by 2.0% against the U.S. dollar. Since then, the PRC government has made, and may in the future make, further adjustments to the exchange rate system. The PBOC announces the closing price of a foreign currency traded against the Renminbi in the inter-bank foreign exchange market after the closing of the market on each working day, and makes it the central parity for the trading against the Renminbi on the following working day.
Although PRC governmental policies were introduced in 1996 to reduce restrictions on the convertibility of Renminbi into foreign currency for current account items, conversion of Renminbi into foreign exchange for capital items, such as foreign direct investment, loans or securities, requires the approval of the SAFE and other relevant authorities.
In the event of shortages of foreign currencies, we may be unable to convert sufficient Renminbi into foreign currency to meet our foreign currency obligations or to pay dividends in foreign currency.
133
Our H shares are traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. There are no limitations on the right of non-resident or foreign owners to remit dividends or capital including capital gains imposed by Hong Kong law.
The taxation of income and capital gains of holders of H shares or ADSs is subject to the laws and practices of China and of jurisdictions in which holders of H shares or ADSs are resident or otherwise subject to tax. The following summary of certain relevant taxation provisions is based on current law and practice, is subject to change and does not constitute legal or tax advice. The discussion does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment in the H shares or ADSs. In particular, the discussion does not address the tax consequences under state, local and other laws, such as non-U.S. federal laws other than the laws of the PRC and Hong Kong. Accordingly, you should consult your own tax adviser regarding the tax consequences of an investment in the H shares and ADSs. The discussion is based upon laws and relevant interpretations in effect as of the date of this annual report, all of which are subject to change.
The People’s Republic of China The following is a discussion of the material Chinese tax provisions relating to the ownership and disposition of H shares or ADSs held by the investors as capital assets. This discussion does not address all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to specific investors in light of their particular circumstances or to other investors subject to special treatment under the tax laws of the PRC. This discussion is based on the tax laws of China as in effect as of the date of this annual report, as well as on the Agreement between the United States of America and the People’s Republic of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation, or the Treaty, all of which are subject to change (or changes in interpretation), possibly with retroactive effect.
This discussion does not address any aspects of Chinese taxation other than income taxation, capital taxation, stamp taxation and estate taxation. Prospective investors are urged to consult their tax advisers regarding Chinese and other tax consequences of owning and disposing of H shares.
Individual investors. According to the PRC Individual Income Tax Law, as amended, dividends paid by Chinese companies are ordinarily subject to a Chinese withholding tax levied at a flat rate of 20%. For a foreign individual who is not a resident of China, the receipt of dividends from a company in China is normally subject to a withholding tax of 20% unless reduced by an applicable tax treaty. However, the Chinese State Administration of Taxation, or the SAT, the Chinese central government tax authority which succeeded the State Tax Bureau, issued, on July 21, 1993, a Notice of the Chinese State Administration of Taxation Concerning the Taxation of Gains on Transfer and Dividends from Share (Equities) Received by Foreign Investment Enterprises, Foreign Enterprises and Foreign Individuals, or the Tax Notice, which states that dividends paid by a Chinese company to individuals with respect to shares listed on an overseas stock exchange, or Overseas Shares, such as H shares, are temporarily not subject to Chinese withholding tax. The relevant tax authority has not collected withholding tax on dividend payments on Overseas Shares, including H shares and ADSs.
In a letter dated July 26, 1994 to the former State Commission for Restructuring the Economic System, the former State Council Securities Commission and the China Securities Regulatory Commission, the SAT reiterated the temporary tax exemption stated in the Tax Notice for dividends received from a Chinese company listed overseas. In the event that this letter is withdrawn, a 20% tax may be withheld on dividends in accordance with the Provisional Regulations and the PRC Individual Income Tax Law, as amended. The withholding tax may be reduced under an applicable double taxation treaty. To date, the relevant tax authorities have not collected withholding tax from dividend payments on the shares exempted under the Tax Notice.
134
Enterprises.According to the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules, effective on January 1, 2008, and the Circular on Issues Relating to the Withholding of Enterprise Income Tax for Dividends Distributed by Resident Enterprises in China to Non-resident Enterprises Holding H-shares of the Enterprises,
issued by the SAT on November 6, 2008, resident enterprises in China are required to, in distributing dividends for 2008 or any year hereafter to non-resident enterprises holding Overseas Shares including H-shares and ADSs of the enterprises, withhold enterprise income tax for such dividends at a tax rate of 10%. Non-resident enterprises holding H-shares of any resident enterprise can, after receiving dividends due to them, apply for preferential tax treatment with competent tax authorities in accordance with tax treaties.
Tax treaties.Investors who do not reside in China and reside in countries that have entered into treaties for the avoidance of double-taxation with China may be entitled to a reduction of the withholding tax imposed on the payment of dividends to our investors who do not reside in China. China currently has treaties for the avoidance of double-taxation with a number of other countries, which include Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Malaysia, the Netherlands, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the United States.
Under the treaty between China and the United States, the China-US Treaty, China may tax a dividend paid by us to an Eligible U.S. Holder up to a maximum of 10% of the gross amount of the dividend. It is arguable that under the China-US Treaty, China may only tax gains from the sale or disposition by an Eligible U.S. Holder of H shares representing an interest in us of 25% or more, but this position is uncertain and the Chinese authorities may take a different position. For the purposes of this discussion, an “Eligible U.S. Holder” is a U.S. holder that (i) is a resident of the United States for the purposes of the China-US Treaty, (ii) does not maintain a permanent establishment or fixed base in China to which H shares are attributable and through which the beneficial owner carries on or has carried on business (or, in the case of an individual, performs or has performed independent personal services) and (iii) is not otherwise ineligible for benefits under the China-US Treaty with respect to income and gains derived in connection with the H shares.
Taxation of Capital Gains According to the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules, effective on January 1, 2008, capital gains realized by foreign enterprises which have no establishment or residence in China or whose capital gains from China do not relate to their establishment or residence in China, are ordinarily subject to enterprise income tax at the rate of 10% with respect to the gains realized within China. However, according to the Tax Notice, net gains realized by a foreign enterprise by transferring Overseas Shares including H shares and ADSs issued by Chinese enterprise but held by such foreign enterprise’s organizations and spaces that are not established within China, are not subject to income tax at the moment.
On February 22, 2008, the Ministry of Finance and the SAT issued the Circular on Preferential Tax Policies Regarding Enterprise Income Tax which states that all preferential policies on enterprise income tax implemented before January 1, 2008 are repealed except those expressly specified preferential policies. The Tax Notice is not part of the preferential tax policies defined under the aforesaid circular issued by the Ministry of Finance and the SAT.
135
According to the Interim Administrative Measures on the Source Withholding of Income Tax of Non-resident Enterprise issued by the SAT on January 9, 2009, where both parties to an equity transfer transaction are non-resident enterprises and where the transfer occurs outside of China, the non-resident enterprise receiving income shall pay taxes to the tax authority in the locality of the resident enterprise whose equity was transferred, either directly or by a representative. The resident enterprise whose equity was transferred shall assist the tax authority with the collection of taxes from the non-resident enterprise.
According to the Tax Notice, individual holders of Overseas Shares, such as H shares and ADSs, are tentatively not subject to capital gain tax for the net income of transfer of the overseas shares issued by enterprises in the PRC.
Additional Chinese Tax Considerations Chinese stamp duty.Chinese stamp duty imposed on the transfer of shares of Chinese publicly traded companies under the Provisional Regulations of China Concerning Stamp Duty should not apply to the acquisition and disposal by non-Chinese investors of H shares or ADSs outside of China by virtue of the Provisional Regulations of China Concerning Stamp Duty, which became effective on October 1, 1988 and which provide that Chinese stamp duty is imposed only on documents executed or received within China that are legally binding in China and are protected under Chinese law.
Estate tax.No liability for estate tax under Chinese law will arise from non-Chinese nationals holding H shares.
The following is a discussion of the material Hong Kong tax provisions relating to the ownership and disposition of H shares or ADSs held by the investors as capital assets. This discussion does not address all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to specific investors in light of their particular circumstances or to investors subject to special treatment under the tax laws of Hong Kong. This discussion is based on the tax laws of Hong Kong as in effect on the date of this annual report, which are subject to change (or changes in interpretation), possibly with retroactive effect. This discussion does not address any aspects of Hong Kong taxation other than income taxation, capital taxation, stamp taxation and estate taxation. Prospective investors are urged to consult their tax advisers regarding Hong Kong and other tax consequences of owning and disposing of H shares.
There is no relevant tax treaty in effect between Hong Kong and the United States.
Under current practice, no tax is payable in Hong Kong in respect of dividends paid by us.
No tax is imposed in Hong Kong in respect of capital gains from the sale of property. However, trading gains from the sale of property by persons carrying on a trade, profession or business in Hong Kong where the gains are derived from or arise in Hong Kong from such trade, profession or business will be chargeable to Hong Kong profits tax, which is currently imposed at the rate of 16.5% on corporations and at a maximum rate of 15% on individuals. Certain categories of taxpayers are likely to be regarded as deriving trading gains rather than capital gains (for example, financial institutions, insurance companies and securities dealers) unless these taxpayers could prove that the investment securities are held for long-term investment purpose.
136
Trading gains from sales of H shares effected on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange will be considered to be derived from or arise in Hong Kong. Liability for Hong Kong profits tax would thus arise in respect of trading gains from sales of H shares effected on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange realized by persons carrying on a business of trading or dealing in securities in Hong Kong.
There will be no liability for Hong Kong profits tax in respect of profits from the sale of ADSs, where purchases and sales of ADSs are effected outside Hong Kong, for example, on the New York Stock Exchange.
Hong Kong stamp duty, currently charged at the
ad valoremrate of 0.1% on the higher of the consideration for, or the market value of, the H shares, will be payable by the purchaser on every purchase and by the seller on every sale of H shares (in other words, a total of 0.2% is currently payable on a typical sale and purchase transaction involving H shares). In addition, a fixed duty of HK$5.00 is currently payable on any instrument of transfer of H shares. Where one of the parties to a transfer is resident outside Hong Kong and does not pay the ad valorem duty due by it, the duty not paid will be assessed on the instrument of transfer (if any) and will be payable by the transferee. If stamp duty is not paid on or before the due date, a penalty of up to ten times the duty payable may be imposed.
The withdrawal of H shares upon the surrender of ADRs, and the issuance of ADRs upon the deposit of H shares, will also attract stamp duty at the rate described above for sale and purchase transactions unless such withdrawal or deposit does not result in a passing of the beneficial interest in the H shares under Hong Kong law, in which case only a fixed duty of HK$5.00 is payable on the transfer. The issuance of the ADRs upon the deposit of H shares issued directly to the depositary of the ADSs, or for the account of the depositary, will not be subject to any stamp duty. No Hong Kong stamp duty is payable upon the transfer of ADSs outside Hong Kong.
The Revenue (Abolition of Estate Duty) Ordinance 2005 came into effect on February 11, 2006 in Hong Kong. No Hong Kong estate duty is payable and no estate duty clearance papers are needed for an application for a grant of representation in respect of holders of H shares whose deaths occur on or after February 11, 2006.
The following is a discussion of the material United States federal income tax consequences relating to the purchase, ownership and disposition of H shares or ADSs by U.S. Holders (as defined below) that acquire the shares or ADSs for cash and hold them as capital assets. This discussion is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or “the Code”, Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder, and administrative and judicial interpretations thereof, all as in effect on the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. This discussion does not address all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to specific U.S. Holders in light of their particular circumstances or to U.S. Holders subject to special treatment under U.S. federal income tax law (such as banks, insurance companies, tax-exempt entities, retirement plans, regulated investment companies, partnerships, dealers in securities, brokers, U.S. expatriates, persons who have acquired our H shares or ADSs as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion, or other integrated investment, persons who own, directly or by attribution, 10% or more of the combined voting power of all classes of stock of China Life or persons that have a “functional currency” other than the U.S. dollar). This discussion does not address any U.S. state or local or any U.S. federal estate, gift or alternative minimum tax considerations.
137
As used in this discussion, the term “U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of H shares or ADSs that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States, (ii) a corporation created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or of any state or political subdivision thereof or therein, including the District of Columbia or (iii) an estate or trust the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of the source thereof.
Investors are urged to consult their own tax advisers as to the particular tax considerations applicable to them relating to the purchase, ownership and disposition of H shares or ADSs in their individual circumstances, including the applicability of U.S. federal, state and local tax laws, any changes in applicable tax laws and any pending or proposed legislation or regulations.
Subject to the discussion below under “—Special Rules”, cash distributions with respect to the H shares or ADSs owned by a U.S. Holder will, upon receipt, be includible in the gross income of such U.S. Holder as ordinary dividend income to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. To the extent that the amount of any such cash distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits as so computed, it will be treated first as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in such H shares or ADSs and, to the extent the amount of such cash distribution exceeds adjusted tax basis, will be treated as gain from the sale of such H shares or ADSs. Dividends paid by us generally will constitute income from sources outside the United States for foreign tax credit limitation purposes and will not be eligible for the “dividends received” deduction.
Dividends received by individuals during taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010 from “qualified foreign corporations” are generally subject to a maximum U.S. federal income tax rate of 15%, so long as certain holding period requirements are met. A non-U.S. corporation (other than a passive foreign investment company) generally will be considered to be a qualified foreign corporation (i) if it is eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States which the Secretary of the Treasury determines is satisfactory for purposes of the relevant provision and which includes an exchange of information program or (ii) with respect to any dividend it pays on stock which is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. The Treasury Department has determined that the U.S.-China income tax treaty as currently in effect meets the requirements described in clause (i) above. In addition, the ADSs are readily tradable on the New York Stock Exchange, an established securities market in the United States. Each U.S. Holder that is an individual is urged to consult his or her tax adviser regarding the applicability of this reduced rate to dividends received with respect to the H shares or ADSs in his particular circumstance.
The U.S. dollar value of any distribution made by us in Hong Kong dollars (or other currency that is not the U.S. dollar, or a “foreign currency”), should be calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date of receipt of such distribution by JPMorgan ChaseDeutsche Bank N.A.,Trust Company Americas, as depositary, in the case of ADSs, or by the U.S. Holder, in the case of H shares held directly by such U.S. Holder regardless of whether the Hong Kong dollars (or such other foreign currency) so received are converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt. If the Hong Kong dollars (or such other foreign currency) so received are converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, such U.S. Holder generally should not recognize foreign currency gain or loss on such conversion. If the Hong Kong dollars (or such other foreign currency) are not converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, such U.S. Holder will have a basis in the Hong Kong dollars (or such other foreign currency) equal to their U.S. dollar value on the date of receipt. Any gain or loss on a subsequent conversion or other disposition of the Hong Kong dollars (or such other foreign currency) generally will be treated as ordinary income or loss from sources within the United States for foreign tax credit limitation purposes.
138
As described above under “—The People’s Republic of China—Taxation of Dividends”, under current practice, Chinese withholding tax is not collected from dividends paid with respect to overseas shares; such as H shares and ADSs, to a recipient who is an individual who is not a resident of China. If the U.S. Holder is a non-resident enterprise, or if in the future, Chinese withholding tax were to be collected from dividends paid to non-resident individuals on H shares or ADSs, such U.S. Holders may be entitled, at its option, to either a deduction or a tax credit for the amount paid or withheld. There are significant and complex limitations that apply to foreign tax credits. The availability of the foreign tax credit and the application of the limitations on the credit are fact specific and U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own U.S. tax advisers with respect to foreign tax credit considerations in their individual circumstances.
Sale or other Disposition of H Shares or ADSs Subject to the discussion below under “—Special Rules”, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon a sale or other disposition of H shares or ADSs that it owns in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized from the sale or disposition and the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in such H shares or ADSs. The gain or loss generally will be a capital gain or loss and will be long-term capital gain (taxable at a reduced rate for individuals) or loss if, on the date of sale or disposition, such H shares or ADSs were held by the U.S. Holder for more than one year and will generally be U.S. source gain or loss. The claim of a deduction in respect of a capital loss may be subject to limitations.
A U.S. Holder that receives Hong Kong dollars (or other foreign currency) from the sale or disposition generally will realize an amount equal to the U.S. dollar value of the Hong Kong dollars (or such other foreign currency) on the settlement date of the sale or disposition if (i) the U.S. Holder is a cash basis or electing accrual basis taxpayer and our H shares or ADSs, as the case may be, are treated as being “traded on an established securities market” for this purpose or (ii) the settlement date is the date of the sale or disposition. If the Hong Kong dollars (or such other foreign currency) so received are converted into U.S. dollars on the settlement date, the U.S. Holder should not recognize foreign currency gain or loss on the conversion. If the Hong Kong dollars (or such other foreign currency) so received are not converted into U.S. dollars on the settlement date, the U.S. Holder will have a basis in the Hong Kong dollars (or such other foreign currency) equal to the U.S. dollar value on the settlement date. Any gain or loss on a subsequent conversion or other disposition of the Hong Kong dollars (or such other foreign currency) generally will be treated as ordinary income or loss from sources within the United States for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. A U.S. Holder should consult its own tax adviser regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of receiving Hong Kong dollars (or other currency) from a sale or disposition of the H shares or ADSs in cases not described in this paragraph.
A U.S. Holder that is a non-resident enterprise may be subject to Chinese tax on the gain realized upon the sale or other disposition of H shares or ADS. See “Item 10. Additional Information—Taxation—The People’s Republic of China—Taxation of Capital Gains” above. Holders should consult their own tax advisers concerning their ability to credit such Chinese taxes against their U.S. federal income tax liability in their particular situation.
139
Related Person Insurance Income. Certain adverse U.S. income and tax reporting rules may apply to U.S. shareholders who, directly or indirectly, own stock of a non-U.S. corporation that earns “related person insurance income” (“RPII”), if 25% or more of the non-U.S. corporation’s direct or indirect shareholders are U.S. persons. RPII is generally defined as insurance income derived from the insurance (or reinsurance) of insureds who are U.S. shareholders in the non-U.S. corporation or who are related to such U.S. shareholders. If applicable, these rules would require U.S. Holders to include in taxable income each year their pro rata share of any RPII incurred by us for the year, regardless of whether such income is distributed, and also to file I.R.S. Form 5471, disclosing certain information regarding their direct or indirect ownership of China Life. Special rules apply for purposes of determining each U.S. shareholder’s pro rata share of any RPII. For organizations that are otherwise exempt from U.S. federal income tax under section 501(a) of the Code, any such income would constitute “unrelated business taxable income”. These rules could also apply to convert some or all of the gain recognized from the sale or disposition of H shares or ADSs from capital gain to ordinary income and to require such gain to be reported on I.R.S. Form 5471.
Under a statutory exception, these rules do not apply if less than 20% of the non-U.S. corporation’s insurance income is RPII or if less than 25% of the non-U.S. corporation’s stock is owned by U.S. shareholders. Because CLIC holds approximately 68.37% of our share capital, and because we do not offer or intend to offer our products and services in the United States, it is highly unlikely that the RPII rules will apply. If more of our shares are sold to the public in the future, it is possible that such rules could apply at a later date.
Passive Foreign Investment Company. In general, a non-U.S. corporation will be a passive foreign investment company, or a “PFIC”, if 75% or more of its gross income constitutes “passive income” or 50% or more of its assets produce “passive income” or are held for the production of “passive income”.
For the purpose of determining whether a non-U.S. corporation is a PFIC, “passive income” is defined to include income of the kind which would be foreign personal holding company income under section 954(c) of the Code, and generally includes interest, dividends, annuities and other investment income. Passive income does not include interest income or dividends received from controlled subsidiaries or certain other related persons, to the extent properly allocable to income of such related person that is not passive income. In addition, the PFIC provisions specifically exclude from the definition of “passive income” any income “derived in the active conduct of an insurance business by a corporation which is predominantly engaged in an insurance business and which would be subject to tax under subchapter L if it were a domestic corporation”. This exception is intended to ensure that income derived by a bona fide insurance company is not treated as passive income. Thus, to the extent that income is attributable to financial reserves in excess of the reasonable needs of the insurance business, it may be treated as passive income.
We believe that we were in 2008,2009, and we anticipate that we will continue to be, predominantly engaged in an insurance business and we believe that we did not in 2008,2009, and will not, have financial reserves in excess of the reasonable needs of our insurance business. As a result, our income derived and assets held in the active conduct of our insurance business should not be passive income and passive assets, and we do not expect to be classified as a PFIC for any tax year. However, there is little guidance on the circumstances under which a non-U.S. company will be treated as predominantly engaged in an insurance business for purposes of determining PFIC status. Accordingly, there is no assurance that the U.S. Internal Revenue Service will not take a contrary position and assert that we are a PFIC. Furthermore, an actual determination of PFIC status is inherently factual in nature and cannot be made until the close of each applicable tax year and, accordingly, no assurances can be given that we will not become a PFIC at some point in the future.
140
In general, a U.S. shareholder of a PFIC is subject to a special tax and an interest charge at the time of the sale of (or receipt of an “excess distribution” with respect to) its shares in the PFIC. In general, a shareholder is treated as having received an “excess distribution” if the amount of the distribution was more than 125% of the average distribution with respect to its shares during the three preceding taxable years (or shorter period during which the taxpayer held the shares). The special tax is computed by assuming that the excess distribution or, in the case of a sale, the gain with respect to the shares was earned in equal portions throughout the holder’s period of ownership. The portion allocable to each year prior to the year of sale is taxed at the maximum marginal tax rate applicable for each such period. The interest charge is determined based on the applicable rate imposed on underpayments of U.S. federal income tax for the period. The special tax and the interest charge generally will not apply to a U.S. shareholder that validly makes a “qualified electing fund” election under section 1295 of the Code with respect to the shares of the PFIC. We do not intend to comply with the requirements necessary to permit a U.S. Holder to make such an election with respect to H shares or ADSs.
The above results may also be avoided if a “mark-to-market” election is available and a U.S. Holder validly makes such an election. If the election is made, such U.S. Holder generally will be required to take into account the difference, if any, between the fair market value of, and its adjusted tax basis in, its H shares or ADSs at the end of each taxable year as ordinary income or ordinary loss (to the extent of any net mark-to-market gain previously included in income), and to make corresponding adjustments to the tax basis of such H shares or ADSs. In addition, any gain from a sale or other disposition of H shares or ADSs will be treated as ordinary income, and any loss will be treated as ordinary loss (to the extent of any net mark-to-market gain previously included in income). A mark-to-market election is available to a U.S. Holder only if our H shares or ADSs are considered “marketable stock” for these purposes. Generally, stock will be considered marketable stock if it is “regularly traded” on a “qualified exchange” within the meaning of applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. A class of stock is regularly traded during any calendar year during which such class of stock is traded, other than in
de minimisquantities, on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter. A non-U.S. securities exchange will constitute a qualified exchange if it is regulated or supervised by a governmental authority of the country in
which the market is located and meets certain trading, listing, financial disclosure and other requirements set forth in the Treasury Regulations. We do not know whether our H shares or ADSs will be treated as marketable stock for these purposes.
If we are a PFIC in any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder owns H Shares or ADSs, such U.S. Holder (i) may also suffer adverse tax consequences under the PFIC rules described above with respect to any other PFIC in which we have a direct or indirect equity interest and (ii) generally will be required to file annually a statement with its U.S. federal income tax returns. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of a direct or indirect investment in a PFIC.
U.S. Holders that participate in “reportable transactions” (as defined in Treasury Regulations) must attach to their federal income tax returns a disclosure statement on Form 8886. We urge U.S. Holders to consult their own tax advisers as to the possible obligation to file Form 8886 with respect to the ownership or disposition of any Hong Kong dollars (or other foreign currency) received as a dividend or as proceeds from the sale of H shares or ADSs, or any other aspect of the purchase, ownership or disposition of H shares or ADSs.
141
Disclosure Requirements for Specified Foreign Financial Assets
Under recent legislation, individual U.S. Holders (and certain U.S. entities specified in IRS guidance) who, during any taxable year, hold any interest in any “specified foreign financial asset” generally will be required to file with their U.S. federal income tax returns a statement setting forth certain information if the aggregate value of all such assets exceeds $50,000. “Specified foreign financial asset” generally includes any financial account maintained with a non-U.S. financial institution and may also include H Shares or ADSs if they are not held in an account maintained with a U.S. financial institution. Substantial penalties may be imposed for a failure to comply. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisers as to the possible application to them of this new filing requirement.
F. DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS You may read and copy documents referred to in this annual report on Form 20-F that have been filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, at its public reference room located at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference rooms and their copy charges. The SEC also maintains a website at
http://www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy statements and other information regarding the registrations that file electronically with the SEC.
The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” the information we filed with the SEC. This means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this annual report on Form 20-F.
I. SUBSIDIARY INFORMATION | | |
| ITEM 11. | | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK. |
Our exposure to financial market risks relates primarily to changes in interest rates, equity prices and exchange rates.
The following discussions and tables, which constitute “forward-looking statements” that involve risks and uncertainties, summarize our market-sensitive financial instruments including fair value and maturity. Such discussions address market risk only and do not present other risks which we face in the normal course of business.
142
Our profitability is affected by changes in interest rates. Although the PBOC increased several times the benchmark deposit rate in from 2004 to 2007, we are currently experiencing a comparatively low interest rate environment in general. If interest rates were to further increase in the future, surrenders and withdrawals of insurance and annuity policies and contracts may increase as policyholders seek other investments with higher perceived returns. This process may result in cash outflows requiring that we sell investment assets at a time when the prices of those assets are adversely affected by the increase in market interest rates, which may result in realized investment losses. In addition, if interest rates were to increase, but the CIRC did not raise the cap set by the CIRC on the rates we guarantee, sales of some of our products, including our non-participating investment type products, could be adversely affected. If interest rates were to decline, the income we realize from our investments may decline, affecting our profitability. In addition, as instruments in our investment portfolio mature, we might have to reinvest the funds we receive in investments bearing a lower interest rate.
For the years ended December 31,
20082009 and
2007,2008, the investment yield was
4.96%5.78% and
5.76%3.48%, respectively.
Traditional insurance policies with an investment component and investmentInvestment contracts are generally priced with guaranteed interest rates, subject to a cap on guaranteed rates set by the CIRC, which is currently 2.50%. Dividends on participating policies are required to be at least 70% of distributable earnings attributable to such policies.
The following tables set forth selected assets and liabilities with exposure to interest rates as of December 31, 20082009 and 2007.2008.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Expected Maturity Date | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fair | |
| As of December 31, 2009 | | 2010 | | | 2011 | | | 2012 | | | 2013 | | | 2014 | | | Thereafter | | | Total | | | value | |
| | | (RMB in millions, except as otherwise stated) | |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Held-to-maturity and available-for-sale debt securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed rate bonds | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| in RMB | | | 4,206 | | | | 32,650 | | | | 5,521 | | | | 7,824 | | | | 20,552 | | | | 480,981 | | | | 551,734 | | | | 550,128 | |
| Average interest rate | | | 3.68 | % | | | 4.57 | % | | | 4.74 | % | | | 4.66 | % | | | 4.75 | % | | | 4.36 | % | | | 4.39 | % | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| in US$ | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| Average interest rate | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | | |
| |
| in HK$ | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 7 | | | | 7 | | | | 7 | |
| Average interest rate | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5.38 | % | | | 5.38 | % | | | | |
| | |
Variable rate bonds | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| in RMB | | | 3,784 | | | | 1,746 | | | | 1,008 | | | | 5,073 | | | | 3,219 | | | | 8,362 | | | | 23,192 | | | | 23,546 | |
| Average interest rate | | | 4.76 | % | | | 5.33 | % | | | 5.10 | % | | | 4.98 | % | | | 5.62 | % | | | 4.68 | % | | | 4.96 | % | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| in US$ | | | 854 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,048 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,902 | | | | 2,902 | |
| Average interest rate | | | 0.99 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1.41 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1.29 | % | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Term deposits (excluding structured deposits) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| in RMB | | | 77,580 | | | | 19,200 | | | | 36,400 | | | | 78,367 | | | | 58,850 | | | | 64,500 | | | | 337,897 | | | | 337,897 | |
| Average interest rate | | | 2.69 | % | | | 4.34 | % | | | 3.78 | % | | | 4.06 | % | | | 3.64 | % | | | 3.76 | % | | | 3.60 | % | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| in US$ | | | 6,813 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 6,813 | | | | 6,813 | |
| Average interest rate | | | 3.18 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3.18 | % | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Structured deposits(1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| in US$ | | | — | | | | — | | | | 273 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 273 | | | | 272 | |
| Average interest rate | | | — | | | | — | | | | 0.95 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 0.95 | % | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | | | 33,553 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 33,553 | | | | 33,553 | |
| Average interest rate | | | 1.84 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1.84 | % | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Investment contracts | | | 2,035 | | | | 1,043 | | | | 1,118 | | | | 657 | | | | 2,144 | | | | 60,329 | | | | 67,326 | | | | 66,184 | |
| Average interest rate | | | 2.02 | % | | | 1.34 | % | | | 1.39 | % | | | 2.50 | % | | | 2.50 | % | | | 2.35 | % | | | 2.32 | % | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Expected Maturity Date |
As of December 31, 2008 | | 2009 | | | 2010 | | | 2011 | | | 2012 | | | 2013 | | | Thereafter | | | Total | | | Fair
value |
| | | (RMB in millions, except as otherwise stated) |
Assets Held-to-maturity and available-for-sale debt securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed rate bonds | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
in RMB | | 28,308 | | | 3,225 | | | 54,542 | | | 8,842 | | | 18,883 | | | 422,989 | | | 536,789 | | | 553,272 |
Average interest rate | | 4.25 | % | | 4.50 | % | | 4.59 | % | | 4.41 | % | | 4.63 | % | | 4.47 | % | | 4.47 | % | | |
in US$ | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — |
Average interest rate | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Variable rate bonds in RMB | | 3,600 | | | 3,849 | | | 1,857 | | | 1,235 | | | 6,568 | | | 11,347 | | | 28,456 | | | 28,641 |
Average interest rate | | 6.06 | % | | 5.09 | % | | 4.86 | % | | 5.04 | % | | 4.87 | % | | 4.90 | % | | 5.07 | % | | |
in US$ | | — | | | 854 | | | — | | | — | | | 2,050 | | | — | | | 2,904 | | | 2,905 |
Average interest rate | | — | | | 3.15 | % | | — | | | — | | | 3.49 | % | | — | | | 3.39 | % | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Term deposits (excluding structured deposits) in RMB | | 59,700 | | | 18,080 | | | 19,200 | | | 39,400 | | | 78,367 | | | 5,699 | | | 220,446 | | | 220,446 |
Average interest rate | | 3.95 | % | | 4.13 | % | | 4.34 | % | | 3.79 | % | | 4.06 | % | | 3.97 | % | | 4.01 | % | | |
in US$ | | 4,921 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 4,921 | | | 4,921 |
Average interest rate | | 6.00 | % | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 6.00 | % | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Structured deposits(1) in US$ | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 273 | | | — | | | 2,632 | | | 2,905 | | | 2,887 |
Average interest rate | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 3.65 | % | | — | | | 8.09 | % | | 7.67 | % | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | | 11,390 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 11,390 | | | 11,390 |
Average interest rate | | 1.14 | % | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1.14 | % | | |
Long-term investment type insurance contracts (excluding universal life contracts) | | 41,220 | | | 31,588 | | | 48,566 | | | 48,910 | | | 121,255 | | | 59,435 | | | 350,974 | | | 336,021 |
Average interest rate | | 2.01 | % | | 2.93 | % | | 2.97 | % | | 2.92 | % | | 2.82 | % | | 3.36 | % | | 2.87 | % | | |
Investment contracts | | 2,258 | | | 947 | | | 1,088 | | | 783 | | | 1,274 | | | 46,879 | | | 53,229 | | | 51,212 |
Average interest rate | | 2.31 | % | | 2.15 | % | | 1.58 | % | | 2.50 | % | | 2.50 | % | | 2.47 | % | | 2.44 | % | | |
143
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Expected Maturity Date | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fair | |
| As of December 31, 2008 | | 2009 | | | 2010 | | | 2011 | | | 2012 | | | 2013 | | | Thereafter | | | Total | | | value | |
| | | (RMB in millions, except as otherwise stated) | |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Held-to-maturity and available-for-sale debt securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed rate bonds | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| in RMB | | | 28,157 | | | | 3,202 | | | | 52,559 | | | | 8,386 | | | | 17,379 | | | | 405,956 | | | | 515,638 | | | | 553,271 | |
| Average interest rate | | | 4.23 | % | | | 4.50 | % | | | 4.57 | % | | | 4.33 | % | | | 4.59 | % | | | 4.34 | % | | | 4.37 | % | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| in US$ | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| Average interest rate | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Variable rate bonds | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| in RMB | | | 3,600 | | | | 3,845 | | | | 1,861 | | | | 1,216 | | | | 6,557 | | | | 11,224 | | | | 28,303 | | | | 28,641 | |
| Average interest rate | | | 6.06 | % | | | 4.94 | % | | | 4.86 | % | | | 5.04 | % | | | 4.87 | % | | | 4.90 | % | | | 5.05 | % | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| in US$ | | | — | | | | 854 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,050 | | | | — | | | | 2,905 | | | | 2,905 | |
| Average interest rate | | | — | | | | 3.15 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3.49 | % | | | — | | | | 3.39 | % | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Term deposits (excluding structured deposits) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| in RMB | | | 59,700 | | | | 18,080 | | | | 19,200 | | | | 39,400 | | | | 78,367 | | | | 5,699 | | | | 220,446 | | | | 220,446 | |
| Average interest rate | | | 3.95 | % | | | 4.13 | % | | | 4.34 | % | | | 3.79 | % | | | 4.06 | % | | | 3.97 | % | | | 4.01 | % | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| in US$ | | | 4,921 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 4,921 | | | | 4,921 | |
| Average interest rate | | | 6.00 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 6.00 | % | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Structured deposits(1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in US$ | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 273 | | | | — | | | | 2,632 | | | | 2,905 | | | | 2,887 | |
| Average interest rate | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3.65 | % | | | — | | | | 8.09 | % | | | 7.67 | % | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | | | 11,390 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 11,390 | | | | 11,390 | |
| Average interest rate | | | 1.14 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1.14 | % | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Investment contracts | | | 2,258 | | | | 947 | | | | 1,088 | | | | 783 | | | | 1,274 | | | | 46,879 | | | | 53,229 | | | | 51,212 | |
| Average interest rate | | | 2.31 | % | | | 2.15 | % | | | 1.58 | % | | | 2.50 | % | | | 2.50 | % | | | 2.47 | % | | | 2.44 | % | | | | |
| | |
| (1) | | assuming the interest rates are within the specified ranges and the deposits are not terminated earlier by the banks. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Expected Maturity Date |
As of December 31, 2007 | | 2008 | | �� | 2009 | | | 2010 | | | 2011 | | | 2012 | | | Thereafter | | | Total | | | Fair
value |
| | | (RMB in millions, except as otherwise stated) |
Assets Held-to-maturity and available-for-sale debt securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed rate bonds in RMB | | 3,477 | | | 22,257 | | | 4,181 | | | 26,336 | | | 8,769 | | | 351,885 | | | 416,905 | | | 412,631 |
Average interest rate | | 4.11 | % | | 4.35 | % | | 4.31 | % | | 4.40 | % | | 4.31 | % | | 4.30 | % | | 4.31 | % | | |
in US$ | | 15 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 15 | | | 15 |
Average interest rate | | 3.65 | % | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 3.65 | % | | |
Variable rate bonds in RMB | | 16 | | | 3,600 | | | 4,417 | | | 1,404 | | | 854 | | | 6,770 | | | 17,061 | | | 17,221 |
Average interest rate | | 3.62 | % | | 5.97 | % | | 6.29 | % | | 4.89 | % | | 4.84 | % | | 4.79 | % | | 5.44 | % | | |
in US$ | | — | | | — | | | 913 | | | — | | | — | | | 2,191 | | | 3,104 | | | 3,104 |
Average interest rate | | — | | | — | | | 5.75 | % | | — | | | — | | | 5.94 | % | | 5.89 | % | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Term deposits (excluding structured deposits) in RMB | | 46,487 | | | 41,200 | | | 6,380 | | | 4,500 | | | 41,000 | | | 24,462 | | | 164,029 | | | 164,029 |
Average interest rate | | 5.38 | % | | 6.00 | % | | 5.99 | % | | 4.33 | % | | 5.47 | % | | 5.73 | % | | 5.60 | % | | |
in US$ | | 219 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 219 | | | 219 |
Average interest rate | | 4.11 | % | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 4.11 | % | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Structured deposits(1) in US$ | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 292 | | | 4,054 | | | 4,346 | | | 4,281 |
Average interest rate | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 5.55 | % | | 8.01 | % | | 7.85 | % | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Securities purchased under agreements to resell in RMB | | 5,053 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 5,053 | | | 5,053 |
Average interest rate | | 2.44 | % | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 2.44 | % | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | | 100 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 100 | | | 100 |
Average interest rate | | 2.01 | % | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 2.01 | % | | |
Long-term investment type insurance contracts (excluding universal life contracts) | | 55,448 | | | 41,294 | | | 33,170 | | | 50,606 | | | 50,744 | | | 51,383 | | | 282,645 | | | 271,523 |
Average interest rate | | 2.00 | % | | 2.01 | % | | 2.91 | % | | 2.96 | % | | 2.90 | % | | 3.13 | % | | 2.65 | % | | |
Investment contracts | | 4,053 | | | 900 | | | 1,134 | | | 677 | | | 1,257 | | | 43,281 | | | 51,302 | | | 41,866 |
Average interest rate | | 2.34 | % | | 2.08 | % | | 1.96 | % | | 2.54 | % | | 2.53 | % | | 2.55 | % | | 2.51 | % | | |
Our investments in securities investment funds or equity securities expose us to changes in equity prices. We manage this risk on an integrated basis with other risks through our asset-liability management strategies. We also manage equity price risk through industry and issuer diversification and asset allocation techniques.
The following table sets forth our exposure to equity securities as of December 31,
20082009 and
2007. | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, |
| | | 2007 | | 2008 |
| | | Carrying
amount | | Fair
value | | Carrying
amount | | Fair
value |
| | | (RMB in millions) |
Equity securities | | 195,147 | | 195,147 | | 75,082 | | 75,082 |
Financial assets at fair value through income (held-for-trading) | | 19,014 | | 19,014 | | 6,363 | | 6,363 |
Available-for-sale | | 176,133 | | 176,133 | | 68,719 | | 68,719 |
2008.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, | |
| | | 2008 | | | 2009 | |
| | | Carrying amount | | | Fair value | | | Carrying amount | | | Fair value | |
| | | (RMB in millions) | |
| Equity securities | | | 75,082 | | | | 75,082 | | | | 179,416 | | | | 179,416 | |
| Financial assets at fair value through income (held for trading) | | | 6,363 | | | | 6,363 | | | | 2,742 | | | | 2,742 | |
| Available-for-sale | | | 68,719 | | | | 68,719 | | | | 176,674 | | | | 176,674 | |
A hypothetical 10% decline in the December 31,
20072008 and
20082009 value of the available-for-sale equity securities would result in an unrealized loss of approximately
RMB17,613RMB 6,823 million and
RMB6,872RMB 17,548 million, respectively.
A hypothetical 10% decline in the December 31,
20072008 and
20082009 value of the financial assets at fair value through income equity securities would result in a charge to the income statement of approximately
RMB1,901RMB 636 million and
RMB636RMB 271 million, respectively.
The selection of a 10% immediate change in the value of equity securities should not be construed as a prediction by us of future market events but rather as an illustration of the potential impact of such an event.
Our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates against RMB results primarily from our holdings in non-RMB denominated structured deposits and term deposits. Our debts and capital expenditures are predominantly in RMB and the principal currencies which create foreign currency exchange rate risk in our deposits are the U.S. dollar, Japanese yen and Hong Kong dollar. We recorded RMB907RMB 28 million (US$1334 million) foreign exchange losses for the year ended December 31, 2008,2009, resulting from our assets held in foreign currencies, which were affected by the appreciation of the Renminbi. Future movements in the exchange rate of RMB against the U.S. dollar and other foreign currencies may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
145
The following tables set forth assets denominated in currencies other than RMB as of December 31,
20082009 and
2007. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Expected Maturity Date |
As of December 31, 2008 | | 2009 | | | 2010 | | | 2011 | | | 2012 | | | 2013 | | | Thereafter | | | Total | | | Fair
value |
| | | (in millions) |
Debt securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
in US$ | | — | | | 125 | | | — | | | — | | | 300 | | | — | | | 425 | | | 425 |
Average interest rate | | — | | | 3.15 | % | | — | | | — | | | 3.49 | % | | — | | | 3.39 | % | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Term deposits (excluding structured deposits) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
in US$ | | 720 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 720 | | | 720 |
Average interest rate | | 6.00 | % | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 6.00 | % | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Structured deposits(1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
in US$ | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 274 | | | — | | | 2,631 | | | 2,905 | | | 425 |
Average interest rate | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 3.65 | % | | — | | | 8.09 | % | | 7.67 | % | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Cash and Cash equivalents | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
in US$ | | 1,205 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,205 | | | 1,205 |
Average interest rate | | 3.57 | % | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 3.57 | % | | |
| | | | | | | | |
in HK$ | | 579 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 579 | | | 579 |
Average interest rate | | 0.10 | % | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 0.10 | % | | |
| |
| | | Expected Maturity Date |
As of December 31, 2007 | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2010 | | | 2011 | | | 2012 | | | Thereafter | | | Total | | | Fair
value |
| | | (in millions) |
Debt securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
in US$ | | 2 | | | — | | | 125 | | | — | | | — | | | 300 | | | 427 | | | 427 |
Average interest rate | | 3.65 | % | | — | | | 5.75 | % | | — | | | — | | | 5.94 | % | | 5.87 | % | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Term deposits (excluding structured deposits) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
in US$ | | 30 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 30 | | | 30 |
Average interest rate | | 4.11 | % | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 4.11 | % | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Structured deposits(1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
in US$ | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 40 | | | 555 | | | 595 | | | 586 |
Average interest rate | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 5.55 | % | | 8.01 | % | | 7.85 | % | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Cash and Cash equivalents | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
in US$ | | 937 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 937 | | | 937 |
Average interest rate | | 5.29 | % | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 5.29 | % | | |
| | | | | | | | |
in HK$ | | 48 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 48 | | | 48 |
Average interest rate | | 1.67 | % | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1.67 | % | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Expected Maturity Date | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fair | |
| As of December 31, 2009 | | 2010 | | | 2011 | | | 2012 | | | 2013 | | | 2014 | | | Thereafter | | | Total | | | value | |
| | | (in millions) | |
Debt securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| in US$ | | | — | | | | 125 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 300 | | | | — | | | | 425 | | | | 425 | |
| Average interest rate | | | — | | | | 3.15 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3.49 | % | | | — | | | | 3.39 | % | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| in HK$ | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 8 | | | | 8 | | | | 8 | |
| Average interest rate | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5.38 | % | | | 5.38 | % | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Term deposits (excluding structured deposits) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| in US$ | | | 998 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 998 | | | | 998 | |
| Average interest rate | | | 3.18 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3.18 | % | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Structured deposits(1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| in US$ | | | — | | | | — | | | | 40 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 40 | | | | 40 | |
| Average interest rate | | | — | | | | — | | | | 0.95 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 0.95 | % | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and Cash equivalents | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| in US$ | | | 5 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5 | | | | 5 | |
| Average interest rate | | | 1.95 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1.95 | % | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| in HK$ | | | 341 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 341 | | | | 341 | |
| Average interest rate | | | 0.00 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 0.00 | % | | | | |
| | |
| (1) | | assuming the interest rates are within the specified range and the deposits are not terminated earlier by the banks. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Expected Maturity Date | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fair | |
| As of December 31, 2008 | | 2009 | | | 2010 | | | 2011 | | | 2012 | | | 2013 | | | Thereafter | | | Total | | | value | |
| | | (in millions) | |
Debt securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| in US$ | | | — | | | | 125 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 300 | | | | — | | | | 425 | | | | 425 | |
| Average interest rate | | | — | | | | 3.15 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3.49 | % | | | — | | | | 3.39 | % | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Term deposits (excluding structured deposits) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| in US$ | | | 720 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 720 | | | | 720 | |
| Average interest rate | | | 6.00 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 6.00 | % | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Structured deposits(1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| in US$ | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 40 | | | | — | | | | 385 | | | | 425 | | | | 425 | |
| Average interest rate | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3.65 | % | | | — | | | | 8.09 | % | | | 7.67 | % | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and Cash equivalents | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| in US$ | | | 1,205 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,205 | | | | 1,205 | |
| Average interest rate | | | 3.57 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3.57 | % | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| in HK$ | | | 579 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 579 | | | | 579 | |
| Average interest rate | | | 0.10 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 0.10 | % | | | | |
| | |
| ITEM 12. | | DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES. |
A. DEBT SECURITIES
Not applicable.
B. WARRANTS AND RIGHTS
Not applicable.
C. OTHER SECURITIES
Not applicable.
146
D. AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES
The table below sets forth all fees and charges that a holder of our ADRs may have to pay to the depositary bank of our ADR program, either directly or indirectly.
| | | | |
| Category | | Depositary Actions | | Associated Fee |
| |
(a) Depositing or
substituting the
underlying shares | | Each person to whom ADRs are issued against deposits of shares, including deposits and issuances in respect of:
• share distributions, rights, merger
• exchange of securities or any other transaction or event or other distribution affecting the ADSs or the deposited securities | | US$5.00 for each 100 ADSs (or portion thereof) evidenced by the new ADRs delivered |
| | | | |
(b) Receiving or
distributing
dividends | | Distribution of dividends | | US$0.02 or less per ADS |
| | | | |
(c) Selling or
exercising rights | | Distribution or sale of securities, the fee being in an amount equal to the fee for the execution and delivery of ADSs which would have been charged as a result of the deposit of such securities | | US$5.00 for each 100 ADSs (or portion thereof) |
| | | | |
(d) Withdrawing an
underlying security | | Acceptance of ADRs surrendered for withdrawal of deposited securities | | US$5.00 for each 100 ADSs (or portion thereof) evidenced by the ADRs surrendered |
| | | | |
(e) Transferring,
splitting or
grouping receipts | | Transfers, combining or grouping of depositary receipts | | US$1.50 per ADS |
| | | | |
| (f) Expenses of the depositary | | Expenses incurred on behalf of ADR holders in connection with:
• compliance with foreign exchange control regulations or any law or regulation relating to foreign investment;
• the depositary’s or its custodian’s compliance with applicable law, rule or regulation;
• stock transfer or other taxes and other governmental charges;
• cable, telex, facsimile transmission and delivery;
• expenses of the depositary in connection with the conversion of foreign currency into U.S. dollars (which are paid out of such foreign currency); and
• any other charge payable by depositary or its agents. | | Expenses payable at the sole discretion of the depositary by billing ADR holders or by deducting charges from one or more cash dividends or other cash distributions. |
J.P.Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., or J.P. Morgan, served as the depositary bank of our ADR program until January 3, 2010. J.P. Morgan, as depositary, has agreed to reimburse certain reasonable Company expenses related to our ADR program and incurred by us in connection with our ADR program. The table below sets forth the amounts reimbursed from January 1, 2009 to January 3, 2010.
| | | | |
| | Amount Reimbursed from | |
| Category of Expenses | | January 1, 2009 to January 3, 2010 | |
Investor relations(1) | | US$ | 262,627.05 | |
Broker reimbursements(2) | | US$ | 42,400.65 | |
Total | | US$ | 305,027.70 | |
| | |
| (1) | | Includes expenses related to announcement of results, ADR training programs, non-deal roadshows and investor relations activities. |
|
| (2) | | Broker reimbursements are fees payable to Broadridge and other service providers for the distribution of hard copy material to beneficial ADR holders holding in the Depositary Trust Company. Corporate material includes information related to shareholders’ meetings and related voting instruction cards. These fees are SEC approved. |
Not applicable.
147
As part of its service to us, J.P. Morgan agreed to waive fees for the standard costs associated with the administration of our ADR program, associated operating expenses and investor relations advice estimated to total US$150,000 from January 1, 2009 to January 3, 2010.
Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, or Deutsche Bank, has served as the depositary bank of our ADR program since January 4, 2010. Deutsche Bank has agreed to reimburse certain reasonable Company expenses related to our ADR program and incurred by us in connection with our ADR program. The table below sets forth the amounts reimbursed from January 4, 2010 to April 23, 2010.
| | | | |
| Category of Expenses | | Amount Reimbursed from
January 4, 2010 to April 23, 2010 | |
| NYSE listing fees | | US$ | 38,000.00 | |
Legal fees(1) | | US$ | 69,363.12 | |
Investor relations(2) | | US$ | 23,410.00 | |
Total | | US$ | 130,773.12 | |
| | |
| (1) | | Includes legal expenses related to change of our depositary bank. |
|
| (2) | | Includes expenses related to a investor relations conference in Japan. |
| | |
| ITEM 13. | | DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES. |
| | |
| ITEM 14. | | MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS |
Material Modification To The Rights Of Security HoldersA. MATERIAL MODIFICATION TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS See “Item 10. Additional Information—Articles of Association”.
The following use of proceeds information relates to our registration statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-110615), filed by us in connection with our initial public offering of H shares in the United States. In connection with the registration of the H shares, a registration statement on Form F-6 (File No.333-110622) was also filed for ADSs representing such H shares. Each of these two registration statements was declared effective by the SEC on December 11, 2003. Our H shares commenced trading on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange on December 18, 2003 and the ADSs on the New York Stock Exchange on December 17, 2003.
The net proceeds from the initial public offering of our shares, after deduction of fees and expenses, amounted to RMB24,707RMB 24,707 million and were held in either H.K. dollars or U.S. dollars. As of the date of this annual report, a substantial part of the cash proceeds from our global offering was held in bank deposit accounts denominated in foreign currencies in China, part of which were held as structured deposits.the cash proceeds was invested in stocks listed on overseas stock exchanges, and part of the cash proceeds was invested in debt securities denominated in foreign currencies. We gradually converted approximately US$300 million of the cash proceeds into Renminbi to reduce foreign exchange risks. We invested approximately US$250433 million, in H shares of China Construction Bank Corporation at its initial public offering in 2005, a portion of which was sold early 2006. We invested approximately HK$1.175addition to 2,282 billion in H shares of Bank of China Limited in its initial public offering in May 2006, approximately RMB3,252 million (US$417 million) in the targeted offering of CITIC Securities Co., Ltd. in June 2006, approximately HK$2 billion in H shares of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited in its initial public offering in October 2006 and approximately US$433 million and RMB2,282 million (US$292 million)Renminbi, in Guangdong Development Bank in December 2006. During the year of 2007, weWe used approximately US$126 millionHK$5.8 billion for investments in H shares of China Molybdenum Co., Ltd, China CITIC Bank Corporation, China National Materials Company Limited and China Dongxiang (Group) Co., Ltd. during their initial public offerings in 2007. We used approximately US$264 million for investments in shares of Visa Inc. and approximately US$80 million for investments in H shares of China Railway Construction Company Limited and China South Locomotive & Rolling Stock CorporationSino-Ocean Land Holdings Limited during their initial public offeringsits target offering in 2008.2009.
148
| | |
| ITEM 15. | | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES. |
DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURESDisclosure Controls and ProceduresAs required by Rule 13a-15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, we have carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31,
2008,2009, the end of the period covered by this annual report. Based on that evaluation, our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level as of December 31,
2008.2009.
MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTINGManagement’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingManagement of China Life Insurance Company Limited (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, the
“Group”“Company”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The
Group’sCompany’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with applicable generally accepted accounting principles. The
Group’sCompany’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:
pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets and liabilities of the Group;Company;
provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with the applicable generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the GroupCompany are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Group;Company; and
provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Group’sCompany’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management assessed the effectiveness of the Group’sCompany’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008.2009. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) inInternal Control—Integrated Framework.Framework. Based on this assessment, management determined that the Group’sCompany’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2008.2009.
149
The
Group’sCompany’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31,
20082009 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is on page F-2 of this annual report, which expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the
Group’sCompany’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31,
2008.2009.
CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTINGChanges in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes to the
Group’sCompany’s internal control over financial reporting as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) during the year ended December 31,
20082009 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the
Group’sCompany’s internal control over financial reporting.
In 2009, the Company adopted IFRS for the first time to prepare its financial statements, and restated its financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2008. The Company updated relevant controls in its financial statement restatement process and reserves evaluation process to ensure the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. The Company has performed appropriate tests to ensure the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, and did not find any significant issue.
| | |
| ITEM 16A. | | AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT. |
Our board of directors has determined that Mr.
Ngai Wai FungBruce Douglas Moore qualifies as an audit committee financial expert as defined in Item 16A of Form 20-F. Mr.
NgaiMoore is “independent” in accordance with the applicable requirements of Rule 10A-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Mr.
NgaiMoore was appointed as an independent non-executive director and a member of the audit committee of our company in
December 2006.June 2009. For Mr.
Ngai’sMoore’s biographical information, see “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and
Employees.”Employees”.
At the board
of directors meeting held on June 29, 2004, we adopted a code of business conduct and ethics that applies to our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, controller and other senior officers of our company. We have filed the adopted code of business conduct and ethics as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004, as filed on May 27, 2005.
| | |
| ITEM 16C. | | PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES. |
The following table sets forth the aggregate audit fees, audit-related fees, tax fees and all other fees paid to our principal accountants for the fiscal years of
20082009 and
2007.2008.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Audit Fees | | | Audit-Related Fees | | | Tax Fees | | | All Other Fees | |
| | | (RMB in millions) | |
| 2009 | | | 69.50 | (1) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| 2008 | | | 64 | (1) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | Audit Fees | | | Audit-Related Fees | | Tax Fees | | All Other Fees |
| (1) | | (RMB in millions) |
2008
| | 64 | (1) | | — | | — | | — |
2007
| | 66 | (1) | | — | | — | | — |
(1) | Audit fees include fees billed for professional services rendered for audits of the consolidated financial statements, review of interim financial statements, statutory audits of China Life and its subsidiaries. |
According to our current internal rules, before our principal accountants are engaged by us to render audit or non-audit services, the engagement must be approved by our audit committee.
150
| | |
| ITEM 16D. | | EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES. |
| | |
| ITEM 16E. | | PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS. |
As of December 31,
2008,2009, China Life and its subsidiaries
havehad not purchased, sold or redeemed any of China Life’s shares.
| | |
| ITEM 16F. | | CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT. |
Item | | |
| ITEM 16G. | | CORPORATE GOVERNANCE. |
As a Chinese company with H shares, ADSs and A shares publicly traded on the HKSE, the NYSE and the SSE, respectively, we must comply with the corporate governance standards provided by PRC company law and other laws, as well as the securities laws and regulations in Hong Kong, United States and the listing requirements of the HKSE, the NYSE and the SSE that are applicable to us. The description set forth below includes, for purpose of Section 303A.11 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual, a summary of the significant ways in which our corporate governance practices differ from those followed by U.S. domestic companies under NYSE rules.
We identify our independent non-executive directors in accordance with the qualifications provided by relevant PRC and Hong Kong regulations, which prohibit independent directors from having, among other things, specified interests in our securities or business, relationships with the management and financial dependence on us. These tests vary in certain respects with those set forth under Section 303A.02 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual.
Section 303A.02 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual also requires the board of directors to affirmatively determine that the director has no material relationship with the company (either directly or as a partner, shareholder or officer of an organization that has a relationship with the company)
, and requires companies to identify which directors are independent and disclose the basis for that determination.. Under the HKSE Listing Rules, each independent non-executive director must provide an annual confirmation of his independence to the listed company. Under the Tentative Guidelines on Corporate Governance of Insurance Companies issued by the CIRC in 2006 (the “Chinese Insurance Company Corporate Governance Guidelines”), each independent director must make a public announcement of the director’s independence and commitment to duties.
Section 303A.01 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual provides that a U.S. domestic issuer must have a majority of independent directors, unless more than 50% of such issuer’s voting power for the election of directors is controlled by an individual, a group or another company (a “controlled company”). Because more than 60% of our voting power is controlled by CLIC, we, as with controlled U.S. domestic companies, would not be required to comply with this independent board requirement. As at December 31, 2008,of the date of this annual report, our board of directors comprised thirteeneleven directors, including four executive directors, three non-executive directors and sixfour independent non-executive directors.
Non-management directors of U.S. domestic companies are required by 151
Section 303A.03 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual
requires a U.S. domestic company to
have its non-management directors meet at regularly scheduled executive sessions without
management.management and hold an executive session including only independent directors at least once a year, or hold regular executive sessions of independent directors. We are not required by PRC or Hong Kong laws or requirements on mandatory basis to hold, and did not hold, such sessions in the year
2008.of 2009.
Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee and Compensation Committee Under Section 303A.04 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual, a U.S. domestic company must have a nominating/corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter that addresses certain specified responsibilities, unless it is a “controlled company”. Section 303A.05 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual requires a U.S. domestic company to have a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter that addresses certain specified duties, unless it is a “controlled company”. We, as with controlled U.S. domestic companies, are not required under NYSE rules to have such a nominating/corporate governance committee or compensation committee. We have established a nominating and remuneration committee in accordance with the HKSE Listing Rules, comprised of a majority of independent non-executive directors as construed under those rules. The nominating and remuneration committee is mainly responsible for the review and recommendation of the nomination of our directors and senior officers, as well as the formulation of training and remuneration policy for our senior management. The Chinese Insurance Company Corporate Governance Guidelines require that nominating and remuneration committees of Chinese insurance companies be comprised entirely of non-executive directors with the independent directors as the Chairmen. In the year of
2008,2009, our nominating and remuneration committee comprised two independent non-executive directors and
twoone non-executive
directorsdirector with one of the independent non-executive directors
servedserving as the Chairman. We have complied with the composition requirements of the nomination and remuneration committee as prescribed under the Chinese Insurance Company Corporate Governance Guidelines.
The NYSE rules set forth two levels of audit committee standards for U.S. domestic companies and foreign private
issuers.Asissuers. As a foreign private issuer, we are required to comply with the audit committee requirements under Section 303A.06 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual, such as audit committee independence and certain functions and powers, but
isare not subject to the additional qualifications, independence, function and other requirements for U.S. domestic companies provided under Section 303A.07 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual.
We have established an audit committee in accordance with the requirements of Section 303A.06 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual, the HKSE Listing Rules and the Chinese Insurance Company Corporate Governance Guidelines. The
primary duties of the audit committee
is mainly responsible for theare to review and
supervisionsupervise the financial reporting process, to assess the effectiveness of our
financial reporting procedures, internal control
systems, risk management proceduressystem, to supervise our internal audit system and
compliance matters.to implement and recommend the engagement or replacement of external auditors.
Corporate Governance Guidelines Under Section 303A.09 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual, a U.S. domestic company must adopt and disclose corporate governance guidelines that addressesaddress specified key subjects. We are not required by Chinese or Hong Kong laws or requirements to, and currently doesdo not, have such corporate governance guidelines. However, we address several of the key subjects required by the NYSE Listed Company Manual to be included in the corporate governance guidelines in itsour articles of association, Rules of Procedures for Board of Directors, Rules of Internal Control and other internal corporate documents.
152
In addition, under the HKSE Listing Rules, we are expected to comply with, but may choose to deviate from, the provisions of the Code
on Corporate Governance Practices in the HKSE Listing Rules, which sets out the principles of good corporate governance for issuers. However, we
shouldare disclose the reasons for deviation, if any, in
itsour interim and annual reports.
We are required by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) to disclose in itsour annual report filed with the CSRC our actual corporate governance practice as compared with CSRC’s rules on corporate governance of listed companies. Under such rules, we are required to disclose the differences between itsour actual practices and the requirements under such rules, if any. Accordingly, we have disclosed in itsour annual report for the year 2008of 2009 filed with the CSRC that itwe had established comparatively proper and sound corporate governance strictly in accordance with the PRC Company Law and PRC Securities Law as well as relevant rules and regulations, and that there were no significant differences between our actual corporate governance practices and relevant provisions and requirements under CSRC’s rulesrules.
.Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
Section 303A.10 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual requires U.S. domestic companies to adopt and disclose a code of business conduct and ethics for directors, officers and employees, and promptly disclose any waivers of the code for directors or executive officers. We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for Directors and Senior Officers and Code of Conduct for Employees. We have disclosed the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for Directors and Senior Officers in
itsour annual report under Form 20-F for fiscal year ended December 31, 2004 and
isare required to disclose in the annual report under Form 20-F any waivers of the code for directors or executive officers. In addition, according to the HKSE Listing Rules, all
of our directors must comply with the Model Code for Securities Transactions by Directors of Listed Companies that sets forth the required standards with which the directors of a listed company must comply in securities transactions of the listed company. Under the Listing Rules of the Shanghai Stock Exchange, any of the directors, supervisors or senior management of the listed company shall not transfer any shares of such company held by him/her within one year of the listing of the company or six months after leaving
suchthe company. During his/her tenure at the company, he/she shall file
with the Shanghai Stock Exchange for record in advance any proposed transaction in the shares of the company
with the Shanghai Stock Exchange in accordance with the relevant rules and regulations. In case of changes in shareholdings in the company, he/she shall report
suchthe changes on a timely basis to the company, which
shallmust then make relevant announcements on the website of the Shanghai Stock Exchange.
Certification Requirements Under Section 303A.12(a) of the NYSE Listed Company Manual, each U.S. domestic company Chief Executive Officer must certify to the NYSE each year that he or she is not aware of any violation by the listed company of NYSE corporate governance listing standards. There are no similar requirements under PRC or Hong Kong laws or requirements.
153
| | |
| ITEM 17. | | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. |
We have elected to provide the financial statements and related information specified in Item 18 in lieu of Item 17.
| | |
| ITEM 18. | | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. |
See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements for a list of all financial statements filed as part of this annual report.
| (a) | See Item 18 for a list of the financial statements filed as part of this annual report. |
| (b) | Exhibits to this annual report. |
EXHIBIT INDEX
(a) See Item 18 for a list of the financial statements filed as part of this annual report.
(b) Exhibits to this annual report.
154
EXHIBIT INDEX
| | | | |
| No. | | Description of Exhibit |
| |
| | | | | |
| 1.1 | | | Amended and Restated Articles of Association of the Registrant |
| | | | |
| | 2.1 | | | Form of H share certificate(1) |
| |
| | | | | |
| 2.2 | | | Form of Deposit Agreement, including the Form of American Depositary Receipt(2) |
| |
2.3 | | Form of Amendment to Deposit Agreement, including the Form of American Depositary Receipt(3) |
| | |
| | 4.1 | | | Restructuring Agreement(1) |
| |
| | | | | |
| 4.2 | | | Trademark License Agreement(1) |
| |
| | | | | |
| 4.3 | | | Policy Management Agreement(5)(4) |
| |
| | | | | |
| 4.4 | | | Asset Management Agreement between China Life Insurance Company Limited and China Life Insurance Asset Management Company Limited |
| (5) |
| | | | | |
| 4.5 | | | Asset Management Agreement between China Life Insurance (Group) Company and China Life Insurance Asset Management Company Limited |
| (5) |
| | | | | |
| 4.6 | | | Property Leasing Agreement(6) |
| |
| | | | | |
| 4.7 | | | Non-Competition Agreement(1) |
| |
| | | | | |
| 4.8 | | | Confirmation Letter to Renew Policy Management Agreement |
| (5) |
| | | | | |
| 4.9 | | | Agreement for Assignment of Rights and Obligations under Property Leasing Agreement |
| (5) |
| | | | | |
| 4.10 | | | Capital Injection Agreement between China Life Insurance Company Limited and China Life Pension Insurance Company Limited |
| (5) |
| | | | | |
| 4.11 | | | Capital Injection Agreement between China Life Insurance Company Limited and China Life Property and Casualty Insurance Company Limited |
| (5) |
| | | | | |
| 4.12 | | | Capital Injection Agreement among China Life Insurance Company Limited, China Life Insurance (Group) Company and China Life Insurance Asset Management Company Limited |
| (5) |
| | | | | |
| 4.13 | | | Entrustment and Account Management Agreement for Corporate Annuity Fund |
| | | | |
| 8.1 | | | List of subsidiaries of the Registrant |
| | | | |
| 11.1 | | | Code of Business Conduct and Ethics(4)(3) |
| | | | |
| 12.1 | | | Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) |
| | | | |
| 12.2 | | | Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) |
| | | | |
| 13.1 | | | Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code |
| | |
| (1) | | Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-110615), filed with the Commission on December 9, 2003. |
|
| (2) | | Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form F-6 (File No. 333-110622)333-164005), filed with the Commission on December 9, 2003.January 4, 2010. |
|
| (3) | Incorporated by reference to the post-effective Amendment to the Registration Statement on Form 6 (File No. 333-110622), filed with the Commission on December 14, 2006. |
(4) | Incorporated by reference to the Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004, filed with the Commission on May 27, 2005. |
(5) |
| (4) | | Incorporated by reference to the Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, filed with the Commission on May 30, 2006. |
(6) |
| (5) | | Incorporated by reference to the Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006,2008, filed with the Commission on May 18, 2007.April 28, 2009. |
SIGNATURES155
SIGNATURES
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
| | | | |
| China Life Insurance Company Limited
| |
| |
| By: | | /s/ Wan Feng | |
| | Name: | Wan Feng | |
| | Title: | President and Executive Director |
Date: April 28, 2009
EXHIBIT INDEX
| | |
No.
| | Description of Exhibit
|
1.1 | | Amended and Restated Articles of Association of the Registrant |
| |
2.1 | | Form of H share certificate(1) |
| |
2.2 | | Form of Deposit Agreement, including the Form of American Depositary Receipt(2) |
| |
2.3 | | Form of Amendment to Deposit Agreement, including the Form of American Depositary Receipt(3) |
| |
4.1 | | Restructuring Agreement(1) |
| |
4.2 | | Trademark License Agreement(1) |
| |
4.3 | | Policy Management Agreement(5) |
| |
4.4 | | Asset Management Agreement between China Life Insurance Company Limited and China Life Insurance Asset Management Company Limited |
| |
4.5 | | Asset Management Agreement between China Life Insurance (Group) Company and China Life Insurance Asset Management Company Limited |
| |
4.6 | | Property Leasing Agreement(6) |
| |
4.7 | | Non-Competition Agreement(1) |
| |
4.8 | | Confirmation Letter to Renew Policy Management Agreement |
| |
4.9 | | Agreement for Assignment of Rights and Obligations under Property Leasing Agreement |
| |
4.10 | | Capital Injection Agreement between China Life Insurance Company Limited and China Life Pension Insurance Company Limited |
| |
4.11 | | Capital Injection Agreement between China Life Insurance Company Limited and China Life Property and Casualty Insurance Company Limited |
| |
4.12 | | Capital Injection Agreement among China Life Insurance Company Limited, China Life Insurance (Group) Company and China Life Insurance Asset Management Company Limited |
| |
8.1 | | List of subsidiaries of the Registrant |
| |
11.1 | | Code of Business Conduct and Ethics(4) |
| |
12.1 | | Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) |
| |
12.2 | | Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) |
| |
13.1 | | Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code |
Date: April 29, 2010
(1) | Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-110615), filed with the Commission on December 9, 2003. |
i
(2) | Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form F-6 (File No. 333-110622), filed with the Commission on December 9, 2003. |
(3) | Incorporated by reference to the post-effective Amendment to the Registration Statement on Form 6 (File No. 333-110622), filed with the Commission on December 14, 2006. |
(4) | Incorporated by reference to the Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004, filed with the Commission on May 27, 2005. |
(5) | Incorporated by reference to the Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, filed with the Commission on May 30, 2006. |
(6) | Incorporated by reference to the Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006, filed with the Commission on May 18, 2007. |
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Historical Consolidated Financial Statements
| | |
Historical Consolidated Financial Statements
| | | | |
| |
| | | F-2 |
| |
| | | | |
| | | F-3 |
| |
| | | | |
| | | F-5 |
| |
| | | | |
| | F-6 | F-7 | |
| | | | |
| | F-7 | F-9 | |
| | | | |
| | F-9 | F-11 | |
F-1
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of China Life Insurance Company Limited In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated
balance sheetsstatements of financial position and the related consolidated
statements of comprehensive income,
statements, consolidated statements of changes in equity and consolidated
statements of cash flow
statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of China Life Insurance Company Limited and its subsidiaries
(hereinafter—“the(hereinafter — “the Group”) at December 31,
20082009 and December 31,
2007,2008, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the
threetwo years in the period ended December 31,
20082009 in conformity with
Hong KongInternational Financial Reporting Standards
as issued by the
Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public AccountantsInternational Accounting Standards Board. Also in our opinion, the Group maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31,
2008,2009, based on criteria established in Internal
Control—Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Group’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 15 of the
20082009 Annual Report to shareholders. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements and on the Group’s internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Hong Kong Financial Reporting Standards issued by the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants vary in certain significant respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Information relating to the nature and effect of such differences is presented in Note 36 to the consolidated financial statements.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Hong Kong, March 25, 2009
April 7, 2010 F-2
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITEDCONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
AS AT DECEMBER
Consolidated Statement of Financial PositionAs at 31 2008 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Note | | | | As at
December 31,
2008 | | As at
December 31,
2007 | | |
| | | | | | | RMB million | | RMB million | | |
ASSETS | | | | | | | | | | |
Property, plant and equipment | | 6 | | | | 18,151 | | 16,771 | | |
Deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”) | | 7 | | | | 58,268 | | 40,851 | | |
Investments in associates | | 8 | | | | 8,176 | | 6,450 | | |
Financial assets | | | | | | | | | | |
Debt securities | | | | | | 575,885 | | 443,181 | | |
—held-to-maturity securities | | 9.1 | | | | 211,929 | | 195,703 | | |
—available-for-sale securities | | 9.2 | | | | 356,220 | | 241,382 | | |
—at fair value through income (held-for-trading) | | 9.3 | | | | 7,736 | | 6,096 | | |
Equity securities | | | | | | 75,082 | | 195,147 | | |
—available-for-sale securities | | 9.2 | | | | 68,719 | | 176,133 | | |
—at fair value through income (held-for-trading) | | 9.3 | | | | 6,363 | | 19,014 | | |
Term deposits | | 9.5 | | | | 228,272 | | 168,594 | | |
Statutory deposits-restricted | | 9.6 | | | | 6,153 | | 5,773 | | |
Loans | | 9.7 | | | | 17,926 | | 7,144 | | |
Securities purchased under agreements to resell | | 9.8 | | | | — | | 5,053 | | |
Accrued investment income | | 9.9 | | | | 13,149 | | 9,857 | | |
Premiums receivables | | 11 | | | | 6,433 | | 6,218 | | |
Reinsurance assets | | 12 | | | | 963 | | 966 | | |
Other assets | | 13 | | | | 2,285 | | 2,382 | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | | | | | 34,085 | | 25,317 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total Assets | | | | | | 1,044,828 | | 933,704 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
December 2009
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | As at 31 | | | As at 31 | | | As at 1 | |
| | | | | | | December | | | December | | | January | |
| | | | | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | |
| | | Note | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ASSETS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Property, plant and equipment | | | 6 | | | | 17,467 | | | | 16,720 | | | | 15,506 | |
| Investments in associates | | | 7 | | | | 8,470 | | | | 7,891 | | | | 6,449 | |
| Financial assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Held-to-maturity securities | | | 8.1 | | | | 235,099 | | | | 211,929 | | | | 195,703 | |
| Loans | | | 8.2 | | | | 23,081 | | | | 17,926 | | | | 7,144 | |
| Term deposits | | | 8.3 | | | | 344,983 | | | | 228,272 | | | | 168,594 | |
| Statutory deposits-restricted | | | 8.4 | | | | 6,153 | | | | 6,153 | | | | 5,773 | |
| Available-for-sale securities | | | 8.5 | | | | 517,499 | | | | 424,939 | | | | 417,515 | |
| Securities at fair value through income | | | 8.6 | | | | 9,133 | | | | 14,099 | | | | 25,110 | |
| Securities purchased under agreements to resell | | | 8.7 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5,053 | |
| Accrued investment income | | | 8.8 | | | | 14,208 | | | | 13,149 | | | | 9,857 | |
| Premiums receivable | | | 10 | | | | 6,818 | | | | 6,433 | | | | 6,218 | |
| Reinsurance assets | | | 11 | | | | 832 | | | | 940 | | | | 1,111 | |
| Other assets | | | 12 | | | | 6,317 | | | | 4,957 | | | | 4,990 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | | | | | | | 36,197 | | | | 34,085 | | | | 25,317 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | | | | | | 1,226,257 | | | | 987,493 | | | | 894,340 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The notes on pages F-9F-11 to F-77F-79 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-3
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITEDCONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET—(CONTINUED)
AS AT DECEMBER
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position
As at 31 2008 | | | | | | |
| | | Note | | As at
December 31,
2008 | | As at
December 31,
2007 |
| | | | | RMB million | | RMB million |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | |
Insurance contracts | | | | | | |
Long-term traditional insurance contracts | | 14 | | 273,474 | | 218,165 |
Long-term investment type insurance contracts | | 14 | | 362,241 | | 284,588 |
Short-term insurance contracts | | | | | | |
—reserves for claims and claim adjustment expenses | | 14 | | 2,629 | | 2,391 |
—unearned premium reserves | | 14 | | 6,265 | | 5,728 |
Deferred income | | 15 | | 74,487 | | 48,308 |
Financial Liabilities | | | | | | |
Investment contracts | | | | | | |
—with Discretionary Participation Feature (“DPF”) | | 16 | | 51,713 | | 49,068 |
—without DPF | | 16 | | 1,516 | | 2,234 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | | 17 | | 11,390 | | 100 |
Policyholder dividends payable | | | | 24,358 | | 58,344 |
Annuity and other insurance balances payable | | | | 28,986 | | 14,111 |
Premiums received in advance | | | | 1,811 | | 2,201 |
Other liabilities | | 18 | | 9,882 | | 8,870 |
Deferred tax liabilities | | 25 | | 12,569 | | 24,786 |
Current income tax liabilities | | | | 1,668 | | 8,312 |
Statutory insurance fund | | 19 | | 266 | | 122 |
| | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | | 863,255 | | 727,328 |
| | | | | | |
Shareholders’ equity | | | | | | |
Share capital | | 30 | | 28,265 | | 28,265 |
Reserves | | 31 | | 85,378 | | 114,825 |
Retained earnings | | | | 67,006 | | 62,410 |
| | | | | | |
Total shareholders’ equity | | | | 180,649 | | 205,500 |
| | | | | | |
Minority interest | | | | 924 | | 876 |
| | | | | | |
Total equity | | | | 181,573 | | 206,376 |
| | | | | | |
Total liabilities and equity | | | | 1,044,828 | | 933,704 |
| | | | | | |
December 2009
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | As at 31 | | | As at 31 | | | As at 1 | |
| | | | | | | December | | | December | | | January | |
| | | | | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2008 | |
| | | Note | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Insurance contracts | | | 13 | | | | 818,164 | | | | 662,865 | | | | 527,507 | |
| Financial liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Investment contracts | | | 14 | | | | 67,326 | | | | 65,063 | | | | 53,424 | |
| Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | | | 15 | | | | 33,553 | | | | 11,390 | | | | 100 | |
| Policyholder dividends payable | | | | | | | 54,587 | | | | 43,178 | | | | 64,473 | |
| Annuity and other insurance balances payable | | | | | | | 5,721 | | | | 4,980 | | | | 4,059 | |
| Premiums received in advance | | | | | | | 1,804 | | | | 1,811 | | | | 2,201 | |
| Other liabilities | | | 16 | | | | 11,978 | | | | 11,057 | | | | 10,135 | |
| Deferred tax liabilities | | | 24 | | | | 16,361 | | | | 10,344 | | | | 22,997 | |
| Current income tax liabilities | | | | | | | 3,850 | | | | 1,668 | | | | 8,312 | |
| Statutory insurance fund | | | 17 | | | | 137 | | | | 266 | | | | 122 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | | | | | 1,013,481 | | | | 812,622 | | | | 693,330 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Shareholders’ equity | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Share capital | | | 29 | | | | 28,265 | | | | 28,265 | | | | 28,265 | |
| Reserves | | | 30 | | | | 102,787 | | | | 84,447 | | | | 111,276 | |
| Retained earnings | | | | | | | 80,020 | | | | 61,235 | | | | 60,593 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total shareholders’ equity | | | | | | | 211,072 | | | | 173,947 | | | | 200,134 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Minority interests | | | | | | | 1,704 | | | | 924 | | | | 876 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total equity | | | | | | | 212,776 | | | | 174,871 | | | | 201,010 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities and equity | | | | | | | 1,226,257 | | | | 987,493 | | | | 894,340 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Approved and authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on
March 25, 2009April 7, 2010.
The notes on pages F-9F-11 to F-77F-79 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-4
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITEDCONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
For the year ended 31 2008 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Note | | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
REVENUES | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross written premiums and policy fees (including gross written premiums and policy fees from insurance contracts 2008: RMB134,849 million, 2007: RMB111,286 million, 2006: RMB98,840.) | | | | | 135,325 | | | | 111,886 | | | | 99,417 | |
Less: premiums ceded to reinsurers | | | | | (156 | ) | | | (85 | ) | | | (140 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net written premiums and policy fees | | | | | 135,169 | | | | 111,801 | | | | 99,277 | |
Net change in unearned premium reserves | | | | | (519 | ) | | | (397 | ) | | | (430 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net premiums earned and policy fees | | | | | 134,650 | | | | 111,404 | | | | 98,847 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | 20 | | | 44,050 | | | | 44,020 | | | | 24,942 | |
Net realized gains/(losses) on financial assets | | 21 | | | (6,516 | ) | | | 15,385 | | | | 1,595 | |
Net fair value gains/(losses) on assets at fair value through income (held-for-trading) | | 22 | | | (7,296 | ) | | | 18,843 | | | | 20,044 | |
Other income | | | | | 1,923 | | | | 1,720 | | | | 1,883 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | | | | 166,811 | | | | 191,372 | | | | 147,311 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
BENEFITS, CLAIMS AND EXPENSES | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Insurance benefits and claims | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Life insurance death and other benefits | | 23 | | | (17,777 | ) | | | (17,430 | ) | | | (10,797 | ) |
Accident and health claims and claim adjustment expenses | | 23 | | | (7,553 | ) | | | (6,343 | ) | | | (6,999 | ) |
Increase in long-term traditional insurance contracts liabilities | | 23 | | | (55,281 | ) | | | (45,334 | ) | | | (44,238 | ) |
Interest credited to long-term investment type insurance contracts | | 23 | | | (9,212 | ) | | | (7,181 | ) | | | (6,386 | ) |
Interest credited to investment contracts | | | | | (1,358 | ) | | | (1,138 | ) | | | (996 | ) |
Increase in deferred income | | | | | (21,139 | ) | | | (9,859 | ) | | | (11,607 | ) |
Policyholder dividends resulting from participation in profits | | | | | (2,492 | ) | | | (29,251 | ) | | | (17,617 | ) |
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs | | 7 | | | (11,784 | ) | | | (13,461 | ) | | | (10,259 | ) |
Underwriting and policy acquisition costs | | | | | (3,394 | ) | | | (2,725 | ) | | | (2,415 | ) |
Administrative expenses | | | | | (12,110 | ) | | | (11,798 | ) | | | (9,339 | ) |
Other operating expenses | | | | | (1,891 | ) | | | (1,651 | ) | | | (859 | ) |
Statutory insurance fund | | | | | (244 | ) | | | (219 | ) | | | (194 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total benefits, claims and expenses | | | | | (144,235 | ) | | | (146,390 | ) | | | (121,706 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Share of results of associates | | 8 | | | 228 | | | | 409 | | | | — | |
Net profit before income tax expenses | | 24 | | | 22,804 | | | | 45,391 | | | | 25,605 | |
Income tax expenses | | 25 | | | (1,390 | ) | | | (6,331 | ) | | | (5,554 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net profit | | | | | 21,414 | | | | 39,060 | | | | 20,051 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Attributable to: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
—shareholders of the Company | | | | | 21,277 | | | | 38,879 | | | | 19,956 | |
—minority interest | | | | | 137 | | | | 181 | | | | 95 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic and diluted earnings per share | | 26 | | RMB | 0.75 | | | RMB | 1.38 | | | RMB | 0.75 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Dividends | | 28 | | | 6,501 | | | | 11,871 | | | | 3,957 | |
December 2009
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | | Note | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
REVENUES | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Gross written premiums | | | | | | | 275,970 | | | | 265,656 | |
| Less: premiums ceded to reinsurers | | | | | | | (158 | ) | | | (156 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net written premiums | | | | | | | 275,812 | | | | 265,500 | |
| Net change in unearned premium reserves | | | | | | | (735 | ) | | | (323 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net premiums earned | | | | | | | 275,077 | | | | 265,177 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Investment income | | | 18 | | | | 38,890 | | | | 44,946 | |
| Net realised gains/(losses) on financial assets | | | 19 | | | | 21,244 | | | | (5,964 | ) |
| Net fair value gains/(losses) on assets at fair value through income | | | 20 | | | | 1,449 | | | | (7,194 | ) |
| Other income | | | | | | | 2,630 | | | | 3,420 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | | | | | | 339,290 | | | | 300,385 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
BENEFITS, CLAIMS AND EXPENSES | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Insurance benefits and claims | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Life insurance death and other benefits | | | 21 | | | | (74,858 | ) | | | (89,659 | ) |
| Accident and health claims and claim adjustment expenses | | | 21 | | | | (7,808 | ) | | | (7,641 | ) |
| Increase in insurance contracts liabilities | | | 21 | | | | (154,372 | ) | | | (134,649 | ) |
| Investment contract benefits | | | 22 | | | | (2,142 | ) | | | (1,931 | ) |
| Policyholder dividends resulting from participation in profits | | | | | | | (14,487 | ) | | | (1,671 | ) |
| Underwriting and policy acquisition costs | | | | | | | (22,936 | ) | | | (24,200 | ) |
| Administrative expenses | | | | | | | (18,719 | ) | | | (16,652 | ) |
| Other operating expenses | | | | | | | (2,390 | ) | | | (3,409 | ) |
| Statutory insurance fund | | | | | | | (537 | ) | | | (558 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total benefits, claims and expenses | | | | | | | (298,249 | ) | | | (280,370 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Share of results of associates | | | 7 | | | | 704 | | | | (56 | ) |
Net profit before income tax expenses | | | 23 | | | | 41,745 | | | | 19,959 | |
| Income tax expenses | | | 24 | | | | (8,709 | ) | | | (685 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net profit | | | | | | | 33,036 | | | | 19,274 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Attributable to: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| - shareholders of the Company | | | | | | | 32,881 | | | | 19,137 | |
| - minority interests | | | | | | | 155 | | | | 137 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic and diluted earnings per share | | | 25 | | | RMB 1.16 | | | RMB 0.68 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
The notes on pages F-9F-11 to F-77F-79 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-5
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITEDCONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
For the year ended 31 2008 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Attributable to shareholders
of the Company | | | | | | | |
| | Share
capital | | Reserves | | | Retained
earnings | | | Minority
Interest | | | Total | |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | (Note 30) | | (Note 31) | | | | | | | | | | |
As at January 1, 2006 | | 26,765 | | 37,225 | | | 16,388 | | | 431 | | | 80,809 | |
Net profit | | — | | — | | | 19,956 | | | 95 | | | 20,051 | |
Issue of shares | | 1,500 | | 26,820 | | | — | | | — | | | 28,320 | |
Share issue expenses | | — | | (510 | ) | | — | | | — | | | (510 | ) |
Dividends paid | | — | | — | | | (1,338 | ) | | — | | | (1,338 | ) |
Dividends to minority interest | | — | | — | | | — | | | (8 | ) | | (8 | ) |
Appropriation to reserve | | — | | 974 | | | (974 | ) | | — | | | — | |
Unrealized gains, net of tax | | — | | 12,859 | | | — | | | 22 | | | 12,881 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at December 31, 2006 | | 28,265 | | 77,368 | | | 34,032 | | | 540 | | | 140,205 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at January 1, 2007 | | 28,265 | | 77,368 | | | 34,032 | | | 540 | | | 140,205 | |
Net profit | | — | | — | | | 38,879 | | | 181 | | | 39,060 | |
Dividends paid | | — | | — | | | (3,957 | ) | | — | | | (3,957 | ) |
Dividends to minority interest | | — | | — | | | — | | | (42 | ) | | (42 | ) |
Appropriation to reserve | | — | | 6,544 | | | (6,544 | ) | | — | | | — | |
Unrealized gains, net of tax | | — | | 30,913 | | | — | | | 21 | | | 30,934 | |
Capital contribution | | — | | — | | | — | | | 179 | | | 179 | |
Others | | — | | — | | | — | | | (3 | ) | | (3 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at December 31, 2007 | | 28,265 | | 114,825 | | | 62,410 | | | 876 | | | 206,376 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at January 1, 2008 | | 28,265 | | 114,825 | | | 62,410 | | | 876 | | | 206,376 | |
Net profit | | — | | — | | | 21,277 | | | 137 | | | 21,414 | |
Dividends paid | | — | | — | | | (11,871 | ) | | — | | | (11,871 | ) |
Dividends to minority interest | | — | | — | | | — | | | (93 | ) | | (93 | ) |
Appropriation to reserve | | — | | 4,810 | | | (4,810 | ) | | — | | | — | |
Unrealized losses, net of tax | | — | | (34,247 | ) | | — | | | (48 | ) | | (34,295 | ) |
Capital contribution | | — | | — | | | — | | | 45 | | | 45 | |
Others | | — | | (10 | ) | | — | | | 7 | | | (3 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at December 31, 2008 | | 28,265 | | 85,378 | | | 67,006 | | | 924 | | | 181,573 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
December 2009
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | | Note | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other comprehensive income/(loss) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Available-for-sale financial assets | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Arising from available-for-sale securities | | | | | | | 39,470 | | | | (61,622 | ) |
| Reclassification adjustment for gains included in profit or loss | | | | | | | (21,040 | ) | | | 4,878 | |
| Impact from available-for-sale securities on other assets and liabilities | | | | | | | (3,999 | ) | | | 11,702 | |
| Share of other comprehensive income/(loss) of associates | | | | | | | (70 | ) | | | 291 | |
| Others | | | | | | | — | | | | (3 | ) |
| Income tax relating to components of other comprehensive income/(loss) | | | 24 | | | | (3,607 | ) | | | 11,260 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other comprehensive income/(loss) for the year | | | | | | | 10,754 | | | | (33,494 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year | | | | | | | 43,790 | | | | (14,220 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Attributable to: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| - shareholders of the Company | | | | | | | 43,626 | | | | (14,316 | ) |
| - minority interests | | | | | | | 164 | | | | 96 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
The notes on pages F-9F-11 to F-77F-79 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-6
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITEDCONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW STATEMENT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
For the year ended 31 2008 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES | | | | | | | | | |
Net profit before income tax expenses: | | 22,804 | | | 45,391 | | | 25,605 | |
| | | |
Adjustments for: | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | (39,401 | ) | | (45,803 | ) | | (23,495 | ) |
Net realized and unrealized (gains)/losses on financial assets | | 13,812 | | | (34,228 | ) | | (21,639 | ) |
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs | | 11,784 | | | 13,461 | | | 10,259 | |
Increase in deferred income | | 21,139 | | | 9,859 | | | 11,614 | |
Interest credited to long-term investment type insurance contracts and investment contracts | | 10,570 | | | 8,319 | | | 7,382 | |
Policy fees | | (13,724 | ) | | (7,691 | ) | | (7,097 | ) |
Depreciation and amortization | | 1,349 | | | 1,070 | | | 912 | |
Amortization of premiums and discounts | | (881 | ) | | (648 | ) | | (267 | ) |
Loss on foreign exchange and impairments | | 658 | | | 641 | | | 642 | |
| | | |
Changes in operational assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | | |
Deferred policy acquisition costs | | (25,230 | ) | | (17,480 | ) | | (15,914 | ) |
Financial assets at fair value through income (held-for-trading) | | 4,394 | | | 31,187 | | | 8,943 | |
Receivables and payables | | (9,377 | ) | | 28,626 | | | 15,412 | |
Reserves for claims and claim adjustment expenses | | 238 | | | (107 | ) | | 714 | |
Unearned premium reserves | | 537 | | | 382 | | | 199 | |
Long-term traditional insurance contracts | | 55,290 | | | 45,344 | | | 44,263 | |
| | | |
Cash inflow from operating activities | | | | | | | | | |
Income tax paid | | (8,583 | ) | | (1,261 | ) | | (535 | ) |
Interest received | | 29,333 | | | 26,392 | | | 18,939 | |
Dividends received | | 10,067 | | | 19,400 | | | 4,415 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Net cash inflow from operating activities | | 84,779 | | | 122,854 | | | 80,352 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES | | | | | | | | | |
Sales and maturities: | | | | | | | | | |
Sales of debt securities | | 19,556 | | | 26,891 | | | 6,635 | |
Maturities of debt securities | | 4,143 | | | 8,548 | | | 4,129 | |
Sales of equity securities | | 59,340 | | | 46,829 | | | 43,363 | |
Property, plant and equipment | | 188 | | | 207 | | | 53 | |
Purchases: | | | | | | | | | |
Debt securities | | (119,989 | ) | | (134,205 | ) | | (122,246 | ) |
Equity securities | | (49,480 | ) | | (80,322 | ) | | (52,050 | ) |
Property, plant and equipment | | (2,825 | ) | | (3,388 | ) | | (2,742 | ) |
Investment in associate | | (1,200 | ) | | — | | | (6,071 | ) |
Term deposits, net | | (60,095 | ) | | 6,572 | | | (10,719 | ) |
Securities purchased under agreements to resell, net | | 5,053 | | | (5,053 | ) | | — | |
Other | | (11,162 | ) | | (4,593 | ) | | (1,390 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
Net cash outflow from investing activities | | (156,471 | ) | | (138,514 | ) | | (141,038 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
December 2009
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Attributable to shareholders | | | | | | | |
| | | of the Company | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Retained | | | Minority | | | | |
| | | Share capital | | | Reserves | | | earnings | | | interests | | | Total | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | (Note 29) | | | (Note 30) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at 1 January 2008 | | | 28,265 | | | | 111,276 | | | | 60,593 | | | | 876 | | | | 201,010 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net profit | | | — | | | | — | | | | 19,137 | | | | 137 | | | | 19,274 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Other comprehensive loss for the year | | | — | | | | (33,453 | ) | | | — | | | | (41 | ) | | | (33,494 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total comprehensive income/(loss) | | | — | | | | (33,453 | ) | | | 19,137 | | | | 96 | | | | (14,220 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Transactions with owners | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Capital contribution | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 45 | | | | 45 | |
| Appropriation to reserve | | | — | | | | 6,624 | | | | (6,624 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
| Dividends paid | | | — | | | | — | | | | (11,871 | ) | | | — | | | | (11,871 | ) |
| Dividends to minority interests | | | | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (93 | ) | | | (93 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total transactions with owners | | | — | | | | 6,624 | | | | (18,495 | ) | | | (48 | ) | | | (11,919 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at 31 December 2008 | | | 28,265 | | | | 84,447 | | | | 61,235 | | | | 924 | | | | 174,871 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The notes on pages F-9F-11 to F-77F-79 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-7
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITEDCONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW STATEMENT—(CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
For the year ended 31 2008 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES | | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from investment in securities sold under agreements to repurchase, net | | 11,290 | | | (8,127 | ) | | 3,496 | |
Deposits in long-term investment type insurance contracts and investment contracts | | 176,269 | | | 94,227 | | | 91,441 | |
Withdrawals from long-term investment type insurance contracts and investment contracts | | (94,847 | ) | | (90,904 | ) | | (38,088 | ) |
Contribution from minority shareholders | | — | | | 29 | | | 27,810 | |
Dividends paid to the Company’s shareholders | | (11,871 | ) | | (3,957 | ) | | (1,338 | ) |
Dividends paid to minority interest | | (93 | ) | | (42 | ) | | (8 | ) |
Cash flow from other financing activities | | — | | | 45 | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Net cash inflow/(outflow) from financing activities | | 80,748 | | | (8,729 | ) | | 83,313 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Net increase/ (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | | 9,056 | | | (24,389 | ) | | 22,627 | |
| | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | | | | | | | | |
Beginning of year | | 25,317 | | | 50,213 | | | 28,051 | |
| | | |
Foreign currency losses on cash and cash equivalents | | (288 | ) | | (507 | ) | | (465 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
End of year | | 34,085 | | | 25,317 | | | 50,213 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Analysis of balance of cash and cash equivalents | | | | | | | | | |
Cash at bank and in hand | | 20,841 | | | 18,536 | | | 45,130 | |
Short-term bank deposits | | 13,244 | | | 6,781 | | | 5,083 | |
December 2009
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Attributable to shareholders | | | | | | | |
| | | of the Company | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Retained | | | Minority | | | | |
| | | Share capital | | | Reserves | | | earnings | | | interests | | | Total | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | (Note 29) | | | (Note 30) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at 1 January 2009 | | | 28,265 | | | | 84,447 | | | | 61,235 | | | | 924 | | | | 174,871 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net profit | | | — | | | | — | | | | 32,881 | | | | 155 | | | | 33,036 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Other comprehensive income for the period | | | — | | | | 10,745 | | | | — | | | | 9 | | | | 10,754 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total comprehensive income | | | — | | | | 10,745 | | | | 32,881 | | | | 164 | | | | 43,790 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Transactions with owners | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Capital contribution | | | — | | | | | | | | — | | | | 720 | | | | 720 | |
| Appropriation to reserve | | | — | | | | 7,595 | | | | (7,595 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
| Dividends paid | | | — | | | | — | | | | (6,501 | ) | | | — | | | | (6,501 | ) |
| Dividends to minority interest | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (104 | ) | | | (104 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total transactions with owners | | | — | | | | 7,595 | | | | (14,096 | ) | | | 616 | | | | (5,885 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at 31 December 2009 | | | 28,265 | | | | 102,787 | | | | 80,020 | | | | 1,704 | | | | 212,776 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The notes on pages F-9F-11 to F-77F-79 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-8
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow
For the year ended 31 December 2009
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | |
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES | | | | | | | | |
| Net profit before income tax expenses: | | | 41,745 | | | | 19,959 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Adjustments for: | | | | | | | | |
| Investment income | | | (38,890 | ) | | | (44,946 | ) |
| Net realised and unrealised (gains)/losses on financial assets | | | (22,693 | ) | | | 13,158 | |
| Insurance contracts | | | 155,252 | | | | 135,284 | |
| Depreciation and amortisation | | | 1,560 | | | | 1,363 | |
| Amortisation of premiums and discounts | | | 10 | | | | (156 | ) |
| Loss on foreign exchange and impairments | | | 28 | | | | 907 | |
| Changes in operational assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
| Financial assets at fair value through income | | | 6,435 | | | | 3,977 | |
| Receivables and payables | | | 9,917 | | | | 4,484 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Cash generated from operating activities | | | | | | | | |
| Income tax paid | | | (3,995 | ) | | | (8,583 | ) |
| Interest received | | | 291 | | | | 101 | |
| Dividends received | | | 40 | | | | 529 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Net cash inflow from operating activities | | | 149,700 | | | | 126,077 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES | | | | | | | | |
| Sales and maturities: | | | | | | | | |
| Sales of debt securities | | | 95,197 | | | | 19,594 | |
| Maturities of debt securities | | | 25,730 | | | | 4,187 | |
| Sales of equity securities | | | 101,112 | | | | 59,855 | |
| Property, plant and equipment | | | 420 | | | | 247 | |
| Purchases: | | | | | | | | |
| Debt securities | | | (148,559 | ) | | | (119,989 | ) |
| Equity securities | | | (149,523 | ) | | | (49,480 | ) |
| Property, plant and equipment | | | (3,261 | ) | | | (2,950 | ) |
| Investment in associate | | | — | | | | (1,200 | ) |
| Term deposits, net | | | (116,711 | ) | | | (60,095 | ) |
| Securities purchased under agreements to resell, net | | | 8 | | | | 5,142 | |
| Interest received | | | 34,139 | | | | 30,378 | |
| Dividends received | | | 3,159 | | | | 9,563 | |
| Other | | | (5,462 | ) | | | (11,162 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Net cash outflow from investing activities | | | (163,751 | ) | | | (115,910 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
The notes on pages F-11 to F-79 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-9
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow
For the year ended 31 December 2009
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | |
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES | | | | | | | | |
| Proceeds from investment in securities sold under agreements to repurchase, net | | | 22,163 | | | | 11,290 | |
| Interest paid | | | (111 | ) | | | (437 | ) |
| Contribution from minority shareholders | | | 720 | | | | — | |
| Dividends paid to the Company’s shareholders | | | (6,501 | ) | | | (11,871 | ) |
| Dividends paid to minority interests | | | (104 | ) | | | (93 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Net cash inflow/(outflow) from financing activities | | | 16,167 | | | | (1,111 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Foreign currency losses on cash and cash equivalents | | | (4 | ) | | | (288 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | | | 2,112 | | | | 8,768 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | | | | | | | |
Beginning of year | | | 34,085 | | | | 25,317 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
End of year | | | 36,197 | | | | 34,085 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Analysis of balance of cash and cash equivalents | | | | | | | | |
| Cash at bank and in hand | | | 23,640 | | | | 20,841 | |
| Short-term bank deposits | | | 12,557 | | | | 13,244 | |
The notes on pages F-11 to F-79 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-10
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
1 ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
DEC 2009
| 1 | | ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES |
China Life Insurance Company Limited (the “Company”) was established in the People’s Republic of China (“China” or “PRC”) on
30 June
30, 2003 as a joint stock company with limited liability as part of a group restructuring of China Life Insurance (Group) Company (formerly China Life Insurance Company) (“CLIC”) and its subsidiaries (the “Restructuring”). The Company and its subsidiaries are hereinafter collectively referred to as the “Group”. The Group’s principal activity is the writing of life insurance business, providing life, annuities, accident and health insurance products in China.
The Company is a limited liability company incorporated and located in China. The address of its registered office is: 16 Chaowai Avenue, Chaoyang District, Beijing, PRC. The Company is listed on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong, the New York Stock Exchange and the Shanghai Stock Exchange.
These consolidated financial statements are presented in millions of Renminbi (“RMB million”) unless otherwise stated.
2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
These consolidated financial statements have been approved for issue by the Board of Directors on 7 April 2010.
| 2 | | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented.
2.1 Basis of preparation
These
| 2.1 | | First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards and Statement of Compliance |
The Group prepared these consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Hong Kongall applicable International Financial Reporting Standards (“HKFRS”IFRS”), its amendments and interpretations issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”).
Prior to 2009, as a listing entity on stock exchanges with different filing requirements, the Group prepared its consolidated financial statements in accordance with the following generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”):
| | |
| Stock Exchange | | GAAP |
| | |
| Stock Exchange of Hong Kong | | Hong Kong Financial Reporting Standards (“HKFRS”) |
| | |
| New York Stock Exchange | | HKFRS with reconciliations to accounting principles generally accepted in the US (“US GAAP”) |
| | |
| Shanghai Stock Exchange | | China Accounting Standards (“CAS”) |
To improve efficiency in operational and financial reporting processes in compliance with the various filing requirements, the Group adopted IFRS in 2009. These are the Group’s first consolidated financial statements under IFRS. In accordance with IFRS 1, First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards, 31 December 2009 represents the Group’s first IFRS reporting date.
As a PRC-incorporated entity, the Group maintains statutory books and records on CAS basis. In previous years, the Group carried out period-end journal entry adjustments to derive the consolidated financial statements under HKFRS and the reconciliation to US GAAP. The Group considers CAS to be its Previous GAAP when evaluating applicable transitional exemptions that IFRS 1 permits and elected by the Group.
The Group applied all standards, amendments and interpretations issued by the IASB that were effective as of 31 December 2009. In addition, the Group early adopted IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures (Revised 2009), which was not effective but allowed for early adoption.
The Group is required to determine its IFRS accounting polices and apply them retrospectively to establish its opening balance sheet as of 1 January 2008 under IFRS.
F-11
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DEC 2009
| 2 | | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) |
| 2.1 | | First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards and Statement of Compliance (continued) |
The Group has applied the following exemptions as permitted by IFRS 1:
1. Property, Plant and Equipment (“PPE”).
As permitted by IFRS 1, property, plant and equipment are stated at ‘deemed cost’, which was determined based on a revaluation to fair value as of 30 June 2003 when the Company was established in preparation for the Company’s IPO. The re-valued amount becomes deemed cost at the date of revaluation. Depreciation was applied from the date of revaluation up to the date of transition to IFRS.
2. Insurance Contracts
As permitted by IFRS 1 and in accordance with the transitional exemption under IFRS 4, the Group continues to apply existing accounting policies under CAS to account for its insurance contracts. The Group also has the option to make improvements to its policies. In December 2009, the Ministry of Finance (“MoF”) issued a new guidance to insurance contract accounting under CAS which modifies the recognition and measurement insurance contracts on a retrospective basis. Before the adoption of this guidance, as accepted by MoF, the Group accounts for insurance contracts that transfer “insurance risk” in accordance with statutory requirements on actuarial reserving methodologies and assumptions as promulgated by Chinese Insurance Regulatory Commission (“CIRC”). Upon the adoption of the guidance, the Group is required to 1)recognize insurance premiums/benefits only from the contracts that transfer “significant insurance risks”; 2)value insurance reserves based on expected future net cash flows from guaranteed benefits, non-guaranteed benefits, expenses, premiums and other charges with considerations of margin and discounting effects. CIRC guidance remains applicable for PRC regulatory reporting such as solvency calculation.
(1) The reconciliations of total assets, liabilities, equity and net profit between CAS(before adoption of MoF new guidance) and CAS(after adoption of MoF new guidance) are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 31 December 2008 | |
| | | Assets | | | Liabilities | | | Equity | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Under CAS(before adoption of MoF new guidance) | | | 990,164 | | | | 854,283 | | | | 135,881 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Insurance contracts | | | 16 | | | | (52,004 | ) | | | 52,020 | |
| Tax implication | | | (2,661 | ) | | | 10,343 | | | | (13,004 | ) |
| Share of insurance associate, net of tax | | | (26 | ) | | | — | | | | (26 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Under CAS(after adoption of MoF new guidance) | | | 987,493 | | | | 812,622 | | | | 174,871 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 1 January 2008 | |
| | | Assets | | | Liabilities | | | Equity | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Under CAS(before adoption of MoF new guidance) | | | 894,601 | | | | 723,512 | | | | 171,089 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Insurance contracts | | | (260 | ) | | | (40,155 | ) | | | 39,895 | |
| Tax implication | | | — | | | | 9,973 | | | | (9,973 | ) |
| Share of insurance associate, net of tax | | | (1 | ) | | | — | | | | (1 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Under CAS(after adoption of MoF new guidance) | | | 894,340 | | | | 693,330 | | | | 201,010 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
F-12
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DEC 2009
| 2 | | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) |
| 2.1 | | First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards and Statement of Compliance (continued) |
| | | | |
| | For the year ended
31 December 2008 | |
| | Net profit | |
| | RMB million | |
| | | | |
| Under CAS(before adoption of MoF new guidance) | | | 10,205 | |
| | | | |
| Insurance contracts | | | 12,125 | |
| Tax implication | | | (3,031 | ) |
| Share of insurance associate, net of tax | | | (25 | ) |
| | | |
| | | | |
| Under CAS(after adoption of MoF new guidance) | | | 19,274 | |
| | | |
Upon adoption of IFRS, there are no reconciling differences between CAS(after adoption of MoF new guidance) and IFRS on the equity as of January 1, 2008, its transition date to IFRS, or as of and for the year ended December 31, 2008.
(2) The reconciliations of equity and net profit between HKFRS and IFRS are as follows:
The impacts on the Group’s previously stated equity as of 31 December and 1 January 2008 and the Group’s previous stated net profits under HKFRS as the result of first-time adoption of IFRS are as follow:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Equity | | | Net profit | |
| | | As at 31 | | | As at 1 | | | For the year ended | |
| | | December 2008 | | | January 2008 | | | 31 December 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Under HKFRS | | | 181,573 | | | | 206,376 | | | | 21,414 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Adjustments: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| PPE | | | 1,239 | | | | 1,344 | | | | (105 | ) |
| Insurance contracts | | | (9,881 | ) | | | (8,498 | ) | | | (2,465 | ) |
| Tax implication | | | 2,154 | | | | 1,789 | | | | 643 | |
| Share of insurance associate, net of tax | | | (214 | ) | | | (1 | ) | | | (213 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Upon first-time adoption of IFRS | | | 174,871 | | | | 201,010 | | | | 19,274 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
(a) Property, plant and equipment
Under HKFRS, PPE re-valued on 30 June 2003 when the Company was established are stated at historic cost in accordance with HKFRS 16, while under IFRS, these assets are stated at deemed cost as permitted by an exemption under IFRS 1.
(b) Insurance contracts
Under HKFRS, contracts issued by the Group are classified as short-term insurance contracts, long-term traditional insurance contracts, long-term investment type insurance contracts, investment contracts with discretionary participating features (“DPF”) and investment contracts without DPF.
For short-term insurance contracts, premiums/benefits are recognized as revenue/expenses and liabilities arising from these contracts including unearned premium reserves which represent the portion of premiums written relating to the unexpired terms of coverage and claims and claim adjustment expenses reserves which represent the estimates of future payments of reported and unreported claims for losses and related expenses.
For long-term traditional insurance contracts, premiums/benefits are recognized as revenue/expenses and liabilities arising from these contracts are recognized and measured based on relevant valuation methodologies and actuarial assumptions as to mortality, persistency, expenses, withdrawals and investment returns.
F-13
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DEC 2009
| 2 | | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) |
| 2.1 | | First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards and Statement of Compliance (continued) |
For long-term investment type insurance contracts and investment contracts with DPF, which are also considered as insurance contracts under HKFRS 4, the liabilities are recognized as accumulation of deposits received less charges plus interests credited. Revenue from these contracts consist of various charges including policy fee and cost of insurance.
For investment contracts without DPF, which are not considered to be insurance contracts under HKFRS4, the liabilities are accounted for as financial liabilities.
The costs of acquiring new and renewal business are deferred and amortized.
Under IFRS, contracts issued by the Group are classified as investment contracts and insurance contracts. Insurance contracts include short-term insurance contracts, long-term insurance contracts, etc.
For short-term insurance contracts, premiums/benefits are recognized as revenue/expenses. Liabilities arising from these contracts including unearned premium reserves which represent the portion of premiums written net of certain acquisition cost relating to the unexpired terms of coverage. Claims and claim adjustment expenses reserves which represent the estimates of future payments of reported and unreported claims for losses and associated expenses, with the consideration of applicable margin.
For long-term insurance contracts, premiums/benefits are recognized as revenue/expenses. The reserve of long-term insurance contracts represents the present value of future payouts that will be required to fulfil the contractual obligations, taking account of margin. These reserves are based on various assumptions at the end of each reporting period, including mortality rates, morbidity rates, lapse rates, discount rate, and expenses assumption.
Revenue from investment contracts is policy fee income and the liabilities are recognized as financial liabilities.
The accounting policies for recognition and measurement of insurance contracts, investment contracts and their revenue are described in Note 2.9 and Note 2.14.
The Group also modified its presentation in the consolidated statement of cash flow to comply with the requirements of IAS 7 Statement of Cash Flows. Cash flows related to investment contracts are now presented as operating and not financing activities.
The Group prepared the consolidated financial statements under the historical cost convention, as modified by
the revaluation of available-for-sale financial assets and financial
assetsliabilities at fair value through
income.profit or loss, available-for-sale financial assets, insurance contract liabilities and certain PPE at deemed cost. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with HKFRSIFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgment in the process of applying the Company’s accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgment or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated financial statements, are disclosed in Note 3.
All amounts in the notes are shown in million of Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”), rounded to the nearest million, unless otherwise stated.
F-14
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DEC 2009
| 2 | | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) |
| 2.2 | | Basis of preparation (continued) |
New accounting standards, amendments and interpretations pronouncements
The
Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants hasIASB issued the following standards, amendments and interpretations
which were effective for accounting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2008.(a) Amendmentsthat are not yet effective. This is not intended to publishedbe a complete list as only those standards, effective in 2008
The HKAS 39 (Amendment), Financial instruments: Recognitioninterpretations and measurement, amendment on reclassification of financial assets permits reclassification of certain financial assets out of the held-for-trading and available-for-sale categories if specified conditionsamendments that are met. The related amendmentanticipated to HKFRS 7, Financial Instruments: Disclosures, introduces disclosure requirements with respect to financial assets reclassified out of the held-for-trading and available-for-sale categories. The amendment is effective prospectively from July 1, 2008. This amendment does not have anya future impact onupon the Group’s financial statements as the Group has not reclassified any financial assets.
(b) Interpretations to published standards effective in 2008 but not relevant to the Group’s operations
HK(IFRIC)—Int 11, HKFRS 2—Group and Treasury Share Transactions
HK(IFRIC)—Int 12, Service Concession Arrangements
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
HK(IFRIC)—Int 14, HKAS 19—The Limit on a Defined Benefit Asset, Minimum Funding Requirements and their Interaction
(c) Standards and amendments to published standards that are not yet effective and have not been early adopted by the Group
The following have been published that are mandatorydiscussed.
IFRS 2 (amendments) ‘Group cash-settled share-based payment transactions
IFRS 3 (revised) ‘Business combinations’
IFRS 5 (amendment) ‘Measurement of non-current assets (or disposal Groups) classified as held for the Group’s accounting periods beginning on or after Januarysale’
IFRS 9 ‘Financial instruments’
IAS 1
2009 or later periods, but that the Group has not early adopted them.HKAS 1 (Revised), Presentation(amendment) ‘Presentation of financial statements (effectivestatements’
IAS 27 (revised) ‘Consolidated and separate financial statements’
IAS 32 (amendment)’Classification of rights issues’
IAS 38 (amendment) ‘Intangible Assets’
IFRIC 17 ‘Distribution of non-cash assets to owners’
IFRIC 18 ‘Transfers of assets from January 1, 2009). The revised standard will prohibit the presentation of items of income and expenses (that is, “non-owner changes in equity”) in the statement of changes in equity, requiring “non-owner changes in equity” to be presented separately from owner changes in equity. All non-owner changes in equity will be required to be shown in a performance statement, but entities can choose whether to present one performance statement (the statement of comprehensive income) or two statements (the consolidated income statement and statement of comprehensive income). Where entities restate or reclassify comparative information, they will be required to present a restated balance sheet as at the beginning comparative period in addition to the current requirement to present balance sheets at the end of the current period and comparative period. The Group will apply HKAS 1 (Revised) from January 1, 2009. customers’
The Group is in the process of making an assessment of the impact of the
revised standard.HKAS 1 (Amendment), Presentation of financial statements (effective from January 1, 2009). The amendment clarifies that some rather than all financial assetsnew accounting standards, amendments and liabilities classified as held for trading in accordance with HKAS 39, Financial instruments: Recognition and measurement are examples of current assets and liabilities respectively. The Group will apply the HKAS 1 (Amendment) from January 1, 2009. It is not expected to have an impact on the Group’s financial statements.
HKAS 19 (Amendment), Employee benefits (effective from January 1, 2009).
interpretations.The amendment clarifies that a plan amendment that results in a change in the extent to which benefit promises are affected by future salary increases is a curtailment, while an amendment that changes benefits attributable to past service gives rise to a negative past service cost if it results in a reduction in the present value of the defined benefit obligation.
The definition of return on plan assets has been amended to state that plan administration costs are deducted in the calculation of return on plan assets only to the extent that such costs have been excluded from measurement of the defined benefit obligation.
SubsidiariesThe distinction between short term and long term employee benefits will be based on whether benefits are due to be settled within or after 12 months of employee service being rendered.
HKAS 37, Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets, requires contingent liabilities to be disclosed, not recognized. HKAS 19 has been amended to be consistent.
The Group will apply the HKAS 19 (Amendment) from January 1, 2009. The Group is in the process of making an assessment of the impact of the amendment.
HKAS 27 (Revised), Consolidated and separate financial statements (effective from January 1, 2009). The revised standard requires the effects of all transactions with non-controlling interests to be recorded in equity if there is no change in control and these transactions will no longer result in goodwill or gains and losses. The standard also specifies the accounting when control is lost. Any remaining interest in the entity is re-measured to fair value and a gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss. The Group will apply HKAS 27
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
(Revised) prospectively to transactions with non-controlling interests from January 1, 2009. The Group is in the process of making an assessment of the impact of the revised standard.
HKAS 28 (Amendment), Investments in associates (and consequential amendments to HKAS 32, Financial Instruments: Presentation and HKFRS 7, Financial instruments: Disclosures) (effective from January 1, 2009). An investment in associate is treated as a single asset for the purposes of impairment testing and any impairment loss is not allocated to specific assets included within the investment, for example, goodwill. Reversals of impairment are recorded as an adjustment to the investment balance to the extent that the recoverable amount of the associate increases. The Group will apply the HKAS 28 (Amendment) to impairment tests related to investment in associates and any related impairment losses from January 1, 2009. The Group is in the process of making an assessment of the impact of the amendment.
HKAS 36 (Amendment), Impairment of assets (effective from January 1, 2009). Where fair value less costs to sell is calculated on the basis of discounted cash flows, disclosures equivalent to those for value-in-use calculation should be made. The Group will apply the HKAS 36 (Amendment) and provide the required disclosure where applicable for impairment tests from January 1, 2009. The Group is in the process of making an assessment of the impact of the amendment.
HKAS 38 (Amendment), Intangible assets (effective from January 1, 2009). A prepayment may only be recognized in the event that payment has been made in advance of obtaining right of access to goods or receipt of services. The Group will apply the HKAS 38 (Amendment) from January 1, 2009. The Group is in the process of making an assessment of the impact of the amendment.
HKAS 39 (Amendment), Financial instruments: Recognition and measurement (effective from January 1, 2009).
This amendment clarifies that it is possible for there to be movements into and out of the fair value through profit or loss category where a derivative commences or ceases to qualify as a hedging instrument in cash flow or net investment hedge.
The definition of financial asset or financial liability at fair value through profit or loss as it relates to items that are held for trading is also amended. This clarifies that a financial asset or liability that is part of a portfolio of financial instruments managed together with evidence of an actual recent pattern of short-term profit-taking is included in such a portfolio on initial recognition.
The current guidance on designating and documenting hedges states that a hedging instrument needs to involve a party external to the reporting entity and cites a segment as an example of a reporting entity. This means that in order for hedge accounting to be applied at segment level, the requirements for hedge accounting are currently required to be met by the applicable segment. The amendment removes this requirement so that HKAS 39 is consistent with HKFRS 8, “Operating segments” which requires disclosure for segments to be based on information reported to the chief operating decision maker.
When remeasuring the carrying amount of a debt instrument on cessation of fair value hedge accounting, the amendment clarifies that a revised effective interest rate (calculated at the date fair value hedge accounting ceases) is used.
The Group will apply the HKAS 39 (Amendment) from January 1, 2009. The Group is in the process of making an assessment of the impact of the amendment.
HKFRS 2 (Amendment), Share-based payment (effective from January 1, 2009). The amended standard deals with vesting conditions and cancellations. It clarifies that vesting conditions are service
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
conditions and performance conditions only. Other features of a share-based payment are not vesting conditions. As such these features would need to be included in the grant date fair value for transactions with employees and others providing similar services, that is, these features would not impact the number of awards expected to vest or valuation thereof subsequent to grant date. All cancellations, whether by the entity or by other parties, should receive the same accounting treatment. It is not expected to have a material impact on the Group’s financial statements.
HKFRS 3 (Revised), Business combinations (effective from July 1, 2009). The revised standard continues to apply the acquisition method to business combinations, with some significant changes. For example, all payments to purchase a business are to be recorded at fair value at the acquisition date, with contingent payments classified as debt subsequently re-measured through the consolidated income statement. There is a choice on an acquisition by acquisition basis to measure the non-controlling interest in the acquiree either at fair value or at the non-controlling interest’s proportionate share of the acquiree’s net assets. All acquisition-related costs should be expensed. The Group will apply HKFRS 3 (Revised) prospectively to all business combinations from January 1, 2010. The Group is in the process of making an assessment of the impact of the standard.
HKFRS 7 (Revised), Financial Instruments: Disclosures (effective from January 1, 2009). The standard requires enhanced disclosures about fair value measurements and liquidity risk. It clarifies that an entity shall classify fair value measurements using a fair value hierarchy that reflects the significance of the inputs used in making the measurements and shall present quantitative disclosures. And disclosure of a maturity analysis for financial liabilities that shows the remaining contractual maturities is required. For insurance contracts, the contractual maturity refers to the estimated date when contractually required cash flows will occur. However, HKFRS 4 (amendment) (effective from January 1, 2009) permits various existing accounting practices for insurance contracts to continue. It states that an insurer need not provide the maturity analyses required by HKFRS 7 (Revised) if it discloses an analysis, by estimated timing, of the amounts recognized in the statement of financial position. The Group will apply HKFRS 4 and HKFRS 7 from January 1, 2009. These amendments are not expected to have a material impact on the Group’s financial statements.
HKFRS 8, Operating Segments (effective from January 1, 2009). HKFRS 8 replaces HKAS 14. The new standard requires a “management approach”, under which segment information is presented on the same basis as that used for internal reporting purposes. The Group will apply HKFRS 8 from January 1, 2009. The Group is in the process of making an assessment of the impact of the standard.
There are a number of minor amendments to HKAS 8, Accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates and errors, HKAS 10, Events after the balance sheet date, HKAS 18, Revenue and HKAS 34, Interim financial reporting which are not addressed above. These amendments are in the process of assessing.
(d) Amendments and interpretations to published standards that are not yet effective and not relevant for the Group’s operations
HKAS 16 (Amendment), Property, plant and equipment
HKAS 20 (Amendment), Accounting for government grants and disclosure of government assistance
HKAS 23 (Revised), Borrowing Costs
HKAS 29 (Amendment), Financial reporting in hyperinflationary economies
HKAS 31 (Amendment), Interests in joint ventures
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
HKAS 32 (Amendment), Financial instruments: Presentation
HKAS 40 (Amendment), Investment property
HKAS 41 (Amendment), Agriculture
HKFRS 1 (Revised), First-time adoption of Hong Kong financial reporting standards
HKFRS 5 (Amendment), Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations
HK(IFRIC)—Int 13, Customer Loyalty Programs.
HK(IFRIC)—Int 15, Agreements for construction of real estates
HK(IFRIC)—Int 16, Hedges of a net investment in a foreign operation
HK(IFRIC)—Int 17, Distributions of non-cash assets to owners
HK(IFRIC)—Int 18, Transfers of assets from customers
2.2 Consolidation
Subsidiaries
The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries made up to December 31 December. Subsidiaries are those entities in which the Company controls more than one half of the voting power; has the power to govern the financial and operating policies; to appoint or remove the majority of the members of the Board of Directors; or to cast the majority of votes at the meetings of the Board of Directors.
Inter-company transactions and balances within the Group are eliminated on consolidation. Minority
interestinterests represents the interest of outside shareholders in the operating results and net assets of subsidiaries.
The results of subsidiaries acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the
consolidated income statementnet profit from the date of acquisition or up to the date of disposal, as appropriate. The gains or losses on the disposal of a subsidiary represents the difference between the proceeds of the sale and the Group’s share of its net assets together with any goodwill which was not previously charged or recognized in the
consolidated income statement.In the Company only balance sheet the investments in subsidiaries is stated at cost less provision for impairment losses. The results of subsidiaries are accounted for by the Company on the basis of dividends received and receivable.
net profit.
Associates are all entities over which the Group has significant influence but not control, generally accompanying a shareholding of between 20% and 50% of the voting rights. Investments in associates are accounted for by the equity method of accounting and are initially recognized at cost. The Group’s investment in associates includes goodwill (net of any accumulated impairment loss) identified on acquisition.
Equity investment other than subsidiaries and associates are classified as available-for-sale securities when they are not designated to be measured at fair value through income.The Group’s share of its associates’ post-acquisition profits or losses is recognized in the
consolidated income statement,net profit, and its share of post-acquisition movements in reserves is recognized in reserves. The
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
cumulative post-acquisition movements are adjusted against the carrying amount of the investment. When the Group’s share of losses in an associate equals or exceeds its interest in the associate, including any other unsecured receivables, the Group does not recognize further losses unless it has incurred obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate.
Unrealized
Intragroup gains on transactions between the Group and its associates are eliminated to the extent of the Group’s interest in the associates. UnrealizedIntragroup losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. Associates’ accounting policies have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group.
F-15
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DEC 2009
| 2 | | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) |
| 2.3 | | Consolidation (continued) |
Associates (continued)
Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the Group’s share of the net identifiable assets of acquired associate at the date of acquisition. Goodwill on acquisitions of associates is included in investments in associates and is tested annually for impairment as part of the overall balance. Impairment losses on goodwill are not reversed. Gains and losses on the disposal of an entity include the carrying amount of goodwill relating to the entity sold.
In the Company only balance sheet the investments
The Group’s operating Segments are presented in
associates is stated at cost less provision for impairment losses. The results of associates are accounted for by the Company on the basis of dividends received and receivable.2.3 Segment reporting
Business segments provide products or services that are subject to risks and returns that are different from those of other business segments. Geographical segments provide products or services within a particular economic environment that is subject to risks and returns that are different from those of components operating in other economic environments. In accordancemanner consistent with the Group’s internal financialmanagement reporting provided to the president office for deciding how to allocate resources and for assessing performance.
Operating segment refers to the segment within the Group
has determined that
business segments be presented assatisfies following conditions: i) the
primary reporting format. All assetssegment generates income and
operations ofincurs costs from daily operating activities; ii) management evaluate the
Group are located in the PRC, which is considered as one geographical location in an economic environment with similar risks and returns. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. Detailsoperating results of the segment
to make resource allocation decision and to evaluate the business performance; iii) the Group can obtain relevant financial information
are presented in Note 5.2.4 Foreign currency translation
of the segment, including financial condition, operating results, cash flow and other financial performance indicators.
| 2.5 | | Foreign currency translation |
The functional currencies of the Group’s operations are RMB. Transactions in foreign currencies are translated at exchange rates ruling at the transaction dates. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date.end of the reporting period. Exchange differences arising in these cases are recognized in the income statement.net profit.
2.5 Property, plant and equipmentF-16
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DEC 2009
| 2 | | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) |
| 2.6 | | Property, plant and equipment |
Property, plant and equipment are stated at historical costs less accumulated
depreciationdepreciations and any accumulated impairment
losses, except that acquired prior to 30 June 2003, which are stated at deemed cost less accumulated depreciations and any accumulated impairment losses.
The
initial costhistorical costs of property, plant and equipment
comprisescomprise its purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes and any directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to its working condition and location for its intended use. The cost of a major renovation is included in the carrying amount of the asset when it is probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the Group.
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
Assets under construction represent buildings and fixtures under construction and are stated at
cost.costs or deemed costs. Costs include construction and acquisition costs. No provision for depreciation is made on assets under construction until such time as the relevant assets are completed and ready for use.
Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis to write down the cost of each asset to its residual value over its estimated useful life as follows:
| | |
| | | Estimated useful life |
| | |
| Buildings | | 15 to 35 years |
Office equipment, furniture and fixtures | | 5 to 10 years |
Motor vehicles | | 4 to 8 years |
Leasehold improvements | | Over the lesser of the remaining term of the lease or the useful life |
The useful life and depreciation method is reviewed periodically to ensure that the method and period of depreciation are consistent with the expected pattern of economic benefits from items of property, plant and equipment.
Impairment and gains or losses on sales
Property, plant and equipment are reviewed for impairment losses whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized in the
income statementnet profit for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its recoverable amount, which is the higher of an asset’s net selling price and value in use.
The gainsgain or lossesloss on disposal of a property, plant and equipment is the difference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the relevant asset, and is recognized in the income statement.net profit.
2.6 Financial assetsF-17
2.6.a Classification
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DEC 2009
| 2 | | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) |
The Group classifies its investments in securities into the following categories: held-to-maturity securities,
financial assetssecurities at fair value through income and available-for-sale securities. The classification depends on the purpose for which the investments were acquired. Management determines the classification of its investments at initial
recognition.recognition and depend on the purpose for which the securities are acquired. Financial assets other than investment in securities are loans and receivables which are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market other than those that the Group intends to sell in the short term or available for sale. Loans and receivables mainly comprise term deposits, loans, securities purchased under agreements to resell,
and accrued investment income
and receivables arising from the insurance contracts as presented separately in the
balance sheet.(i) Held-to-maturity securities
statement of financial position.
| (i) | | Held-to-maturity securities |
Held-to-maturity securities are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments and fixed maturities other than those that meet the definition of loans and receivables that the Group has the positive intention and ability to hold to maturity.
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
(ii) Financial assets at fair value through income
| (ii) | | Securities at fair value through income |
This category has two sub-categories:
financial assetssecurities held for trading and those designated at fair value through income at inception. A financial asset is classified as held for trading at inception if acquired principally for the purpose of selling in the short term or if it forms part of a portfolio of financial assets in which there is evidence of short term profit-taking. Any other additional financial assets may be designated at fair value through income at inception by the Group.
The Group presently has no financial assets designated at fair value through income at inception.(iii) Available-for-sale securities
| (iii) | | Available-for-sale securities |
Available-for-sale securities are non-derivative financial assets that are either designated in this category or not classified in either of the other categories.
2.6.b Recognition and measurement
| 2.7.b | | Recognition and measurement |
Purchases and sales of investments are recognized on trade date, on which the Group commits to purchase or sell assets. Investments are initially recognized at fair value plus, in the case of all financial assets not carried at fair value through income, transaction costs that are directly attributable to their acquisition. Investments are derecognized when the rights to receive cash flows from the investments have expired or when they have been transferred and the Group has also transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership.
Available-for-sale securities and
financial assetssecurities at fair value through income are carried at fair value. Held-to-maturity securities are carried at
amortizedamortised cost using the effective interest method. Investment gains and losses on sales of securities are determined principally by specific identification.
RealizedRealised and
unrealizedunrealised gains and losses arising from changes in the fair value of the
“financial assets“securities at fair value through income” category, and the change of available-for-sale debt securities’ fair value due to foreign exchange impact on the amortized cost are included in the
income statementnet profit in the period in which they arise.
UnrealizedUnrealised gains and losses arising from changes in the fair value of financial assets classified as available-for-sale securities are recognized in equity. When securities classified as available-for-sale securities are sold or impaired, the accumulated fair value adjustments are included in the
income statementnet profit as
realizedrealised gains or losses on financial assets.
The fair values of quoted investments are based on current bid prices. If the market for a financial asset is not active, the Group establishes fair value by using valuation techniques. These include the use of recent arm’s length transactions, reference to other instruments that are substantially the same, discounted cash flow analysis and option pricing models.
2.6.c Term depositsF-18
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DEC 2009
| 2 | | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) |
| 2.7 | | Financial assets (continued) |
Term deposits include both traditional bank deposits and structured deposits. Term deposits have fixed maturity dates and are stated at
amortizedamortised cost.
2.6.d Loans
Loans originated by the Group are carried at
amortizedamortised cost, net of provision for impairment in value.
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
2.6.e Securities purchased under agreements to resell
| 2.7.e | | Securities purchased under agreements to resell |
The Group enters into purchases of securities under agreements to resell substantially identical securities. These agreements are classified as secured
loans. Securities purchased under agreements to resellloans and are recorded at
amortizedamortised cost, i.e. their cost plus accrued interest at the
balance sheet date,end of the reporting period, which approximates fair value. The amounts advanced under these agreements are reflected as assets in the consolidated
balance sheet.statement of financial position. The Group does not take physical possession of securities purchased under agreements to resell. Sales or transfers of the securities are not permitted by the respective clearing house on which they are registered while the loan is outstanding. In the event of default by the counterparty to repay the loan, the Group has the right to the underlying securities held by the clearing house.
2.6.f Impairment of financial assets other than at fair value through income
| 2.7.f | | Impairment of financial assets other than at fair value through income |
Financial assets other than those accounted for as at fair value through income are adjusted for impairments, where there are declines in value that are considered to be an impairment. In evaluating whether a decline in value is an impairment for debt securities and equity securities, the Group considers several factors including, but not limited toto.
Significant financial difficulty of the following: (1)issuer or debtor;
A breach of contract, such as a default or delinquency in payments;
It becomes probable that the issuer or debtor will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganisation;
The disappearance of an active market for that financial asset because of financial difficulties;
In evaluating whether a decline in value is impairment for equity securities, the Group also considers the extent
andor the duration of the
decline; (2) the financial condition of and near-term prospects of the issuer; and (3) the Group’s ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time to allow for a recovery of value.decline. When the decline in value is considered impairment,
relevant financial assetsHeld-to-maturity debt securities are written down to their
net realizedpresent value of estimated future cash flows discounted at the securities effective interest rates; Available-for-sale debt securities and equity securities are written down to their fair value, and the
chargechange is recorded in “Net
realizedrealised gains/(losses) on financial assets” in the period the impairment is recognized. The impairment loss is reversed through the
income statementnet profit if in a subsequent period the fair value of a debt security increases and the increase can be objectively related to an event occurring after the impairment loss was recognized through
income statement.2.7 Cash and cash equivalents
the net profit. The impairment losses recognised in net profit on equity instruments are not reversed.
| 2.8 | | Cash and cash equivalents |
Cash amounts represent cash on hand and demand deposits. Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less, whose carrying value approximates fair value.
2.8 Insurance contracts and investment contractsF-19
2.8.1 Insurance contracts and investment contracts with DPF
2.8.1.a Recognition and measurement
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DEC 2009
| 2 | | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) |
| 2.9 | | Insurance contracts and investment contracts |
The Group issues contracts that transfer insurance risk or financial risk or both.
The contracts issued by the Group are classified as insurance contracts and investment contacts. Insurance contracts are those contracts that transfer significant insurance risk. They may also transfer financial risk. Investment contracts are those contracts that transfer financial risk
with nowithout significant insurance risk. A number of insurance and investment contracts contain a DPF. This feature entitles the
holderpolicyholders to receive
as a supplement to benefits under the contracts, additional benefits or bonuses that are, at least in part, discretionary to the Group.
Insurance contracts and investment contracts with DPF are classified into three main categories.(i) Short-term insurance contracts
| 2.9.2.a | | Recognition and measurement |
| (i) | | Short-term insurance contracts |
Premiums from the sale of short duration accident and health insurance products are recorded when written and are accreted to earnings on a pro-rata basis over the term of the related policy coverage. Claims and claim adjustment expenses are charged to the net profit as incurred. Reserves for short duration insurance products consist of unearned premium reserve and claims and claim adjustment expenses reserve.
The unearned premium reserve represents the portion of the premiums written
net of certain acquisition costs relating to the unexpired terms of coverage.
Reserves for claims and claim adjustment expenses
represent liabilitiesconsist of the reserves for
claims arising under short duration accident and health insurance contracts. Claims and claim adjustment expenses are charged to theCHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
income statement as incurred. Unpaid claims and claim adjustment expense reserves represent the accumulation of estimates for ultimate losses and include provisions for claims incurred but not yet reported. The reserves represent estimates of future payments of reported and unreported claims and reserves for losses and relatedclaim expenses with respect to insured events that have occurred. Reserving is a complex process dealing with uncertainty, requiringevents. In developing these reserves, the useGroup considered the nature and distribution of informed estimatesthe risks, claims cost development, and judgements.experiences in deriving the best estimated amount and the applicable margin. The methods used for reported claims include average cost per claim method, chain ladder method, etc. The Group does not discount its claimscalculated the reserves other than for settled claims with fixed payment terms. Any changes inclaim expenses based on the best estimates are reflected in results of operations in the period in which estimates are changed.
(ii) future payments for claim expenses.
| (ii) | | Long-term insurance contracts |
Long-term
traditional insurance contractsLong-term traditional insurance contracts include whole life and term life insurance, endowment insurance and annuities policies with significant life contingency risk. Premiums are recognized as revenue when due from policyholders. Benefits
The reserve of long-term insurance contracts represents the present value of future payouts that will be required to fulfil the contractual obligations, taking account of margin. The long-term insurance contracts liabilities are calculated using various assumptions, including assumptions on mortality rates, morbidity rates, lapse rates, discount rate, and expenses
are provided against such revenue to recognize profits over the estimated life of the policies. Hence, for single premiumassumption, and
limited payment contracts, premiums are recorded as income when due with the percent-of-premium profit margin deferred and recognized in income in a constant relationship to the amount of insurance in-force for life insurance contracts and the amount of expected benefit payments for annuities.Liabilities arising from long-term traditional insurance contracts comprise a policyholder reserve based on the net level premium valuation methodfollowing principles:
| (a) | | The reserves for long-term insurance contracts are recognised on the basis of best estimates of future payouts that will be required to fulfil the contractual obligations. These expenses refer to the expected net future cash outflows for the insurance contracts, which is the difference between the expected future cash outflows and the expected future cash inflows. The expected future cash inflows include cash inflows arising from the undertaking of insurance obligations. The expected future cash outflows are cash outflows incurred to fulfil contractual obligations, consisting of the following: |
The guaranteed benefits based on contractual terms, including payments for deaths, disabilities, diseases, survivals, maturities and actuarialsurrenders.
Additional non-guaranteed benefits, such as policyholder dividends.
F-20
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DEC 2009
| 2 | | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) |
| 2.9.2 | | Insurance contracts (continued) |
| 2.9.2.a | | Recognition and measurement (continued) |
| (ii) | | Long-term insurance contracts (continued) |
Expenses incurred to manage insurance contracts or to process claims, including administration and claim settlement expenses, etc.
Various assumptions as to mortality, persistency, expenses, withdrawals, and investment return including, where appropriate a provision for adverse deviation, and a deferred profit liability for the deferred percent-of-premiumestimates will be reviewed at the end of each reporting period and any changes will be recognized in the net profit.
| (b) | | Margin has been taken into consideration while computing the reserve of insurance contracts, measured separately and recognized in the net profit in each period over the life of the contracts. At the inception of the contracts, the Group doesn’t recognize Day 1 gain, whereas on the other hand, Day 1 loss is recognized as incurred. |
Margin comprises of risk margin
as described in Note 2.9. The assumptions are established at policy issue and
remain unchanged unless adverse experience causes a deficiency in liability adequacy test as described in Note 2.8.1.b.(iii) Long-term investment type insurance contractsresidual margin. Risk margin is the reserve accrued to compensate for the uncertain amount and investment contracts with DPF
Long-term investment type insurance contracts include life insurance and annuity contracts with significant investment features but with sufficiently significant insurance risk to still be considered insurance contracts under HKFRS 4.
The liabilities for long-term investment type insurance contracts and investment contracts with DPF are recognized as accumulationtiming of deposits received less charges plus interest credited. Revenue from a contract consistsfuture cash flows. At the inception of various charges (policy fees, handling fees, management fees, surrender charges) made against the contract, the residual margin is calculated net of certain acquisition cost by the Group for not recognizing the cost of insurance, expenses and early surrender. Excess first year charges are deferred as an unearned revenue liability and are recognized in incomeDay 1 gain. The residual margin will be amortized over the life of the contracts. The subsequent measurement of residual margin is independent from best estimate of future discounted cash flows and risk margin. The assumption changes have no effect on the subsequent measurement of residual margin.
| (c) | | The Group has considered the impact of time value on the reserve calculation for insurance contracts. |
| (iii) | | Universal life contracts and unit-linked contracts |
Universal life contracts in a constant relationship to estimated gross profits (as defined below in Note 2.8.3). Toand unit-linked contracts are unbundled into the extent unrealized gains or losses from available-for-sale securities affectfollowing components:
The insurance components are accounted for as insurance contracts; and the
estimated gross profits, shadow adjustmentsnon-insurance components are
recognized in equity. Policy benefits and claims thataccounted for as investment contracts (note 2.9.3), which are
charged to expenses include benefit claims incurredstated in the
year in excess of related contract balances and interest credited to these contracts.2.8.1.b Liability adequacy test
At each balance sheet date, liability adequacy tests are performed to ensureinvestment contracts liabilities.
| 2.9.2.b | | Liability adequacy test |
The Group evaluates the adequacy of
insurance contracts reserves using the
contract liabilities netavailable information at the end of
related DAC. In performing these tests, current best estimates of future cash flows for each
category ofreporting period. If the reserves are inadequate, the insurance contracts
are used to determine any deficiency for those contracts. Any deficiency is immediately charged to the income statement initially by writing off DAC and by subsequently establishing a provision for losses arising from the liability adequacy tests.Any DAC written off as a result of the liability adequacy test cannotreserves will be subsequently reinstated.
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
2.8.1.c Reinsurance contracts held
adjusted accordingly.
| 2.9.2.c | | Reinsurance contracts held |
Contracts with reinsurers under which the Group is compensated for losses on one or more contracts issued by the Group and that meet the classification requirements for insurance contracts are classified as reinsurance contracts held. Contracts with reinsurers that do not meet these classification requirements are classified as financial assets. Insurance contracts entered into by the Group under which the contract holder is another insurer (inwards reinsurance) are included with insurance contracts.
The benefits to which the Group is entitled under its reinsurance contracts held are recognized as reinsurance assets. Amounts recoverable from or due to reinsurers are measured consistently with the amounts associated with the reinsured insurance contracts and in accordance with the terms of each reinsurance contract. Reinsurance liabilities are primarily premiums payable for reinsurance contracts and are recognized as an expense when due.
In certain cases a reinsurance contract is entered into for existing in-force business. Where the premium due to the reinsurer differs from the liability established by the Group for the related business, the difference is amortized over the estimated remaining settlement period.The Group assesses its reinsurance assets for impairment as at the balance sheet date.end of reporting period. If there is objective evidence that the reinsurance asset is impaired, the Group reduces the carrying amount of the reinsurance asset to its recoverable amount and recognizes that impairment loss in the net profit.
F-21
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DEC 2009
| 2 | | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) |
| 2.9 | | Insurance contracts and investment contracts (continued) |
| 2.9.3 | | Investment contracts |
Revenue from investment contracts with or without DPF is policy fee income,
statement. If a reinsurer is unable to satisfy its obligation underwhich consists of various charges (policy fees, handling fees and management fees, etc.) during the
reinsurance contracts,period. Excess charges over certain acquisition cost are deferred as unearned revenue and amortized over the
liability becomes the responsibilityexpected life of the
Group.2.8.1.d DPF in long-term insurancecontracts.
Except for unit-linked contracts,
andof which the liabilities are carried at fair value, the liabilities of investment contracts
are carried at amortised cost.
| 2.9.4 | | DPF in long-term insurance contracts and investment contracts |
DPF is contained in certain long-term insurance contracts and investment contracts. These contracts are collectively called participating contracts. The Group is obligated to pay to the policyholders of participating contracts
as a group at 70% of
distributableaccumulated surplus
available, or at the rate specified in the contracts when higher. The
distributableamount and timing of distribution to individual policyholders of participating contracts are subject to future declarations by the Group. The accumulated surplus
available mainly arises from net investment income, gains and losses arising from the assets supporting these
contracts; ifcontracts. To the extent unrealised gains or losses from available-for-sale securities affect the surplus
oweowed to policyholders, shadow adjustments are recognized in other comprehensive income. If the surplus owed to policyholders has not been declared and paid, it is included in the policyholder dividends payable.
2.8.2 Investment contracts without DPF
Investment contracts without DPF are not considered to be insurance contracts and are accounted for as a financial liability. The liability for investment contracts without DPF is recognized as the accumulation of deposits received less charges plus interest credited.
Revenue from these contracts consists of various charges (policy fees, handling fees, management fees and surrender charges) made against the contract for the cost of insurance, expenses and early surrender. Excess first year charges are deferred as an unearned revenue liability and are recognized in income over the life of the contracts in a constant relationship to estimated gross profits (defined in Note 2.8.3).
2.8.3 Deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”)
The costs of acquiring new and renewal business including commissions, underwriting and policy issue expenses, which vary with and are primarily related to the production of new and renewal business, are deferred. DAC are subject to recoverability testing at the time of policy issue and at the end of each accounting period. Future investment income is taken into account in assessing recoverability.
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
DAC for long-term traditional insurance contracts are amortized over the premium paying period as a constant percentage of expected premiums. Expected premiums are based upon assumptions defined at the date of policy issue. These assumptions are consistently applied throughout the premium paying period unless adverse experience causes a deficiency in liability adequacy test as described in Note 2.8.1.b.
DAC for long-term investment type insurance contracts and investment contracts are amortized over the expected life of the contracts as a constant percent of the present value of estimated gross profits expected to be realized over the life of the contract. To the extent unrealized gains or losses from available-for-sale securities affect the estimated gross profits, shadow adjustments are recognized in the shareholders’ equity.
Estimated gross profits include expected amounts to be assessed for mortality, administration, investment and surrender less benefit claims in excess of policyholder balances, administrative expenses and interest credited. Estimated gross profits are revised regularly and the future interest rate used to compute the present value of revised estimates of expected gross profits is the latest revised rate applied to the remaining benefit periods. Deviations of actual results from estimated experience are reflected in the income statement.
2.9 Deferred income
Deferred income includes the deferred profit liability arising from long-term traditional insurance contracts and the unearned revenue liability arising from long-term investment type insurance contracts and investment contracts. Both are described in Note 2.8.1.a and Note 2.8.2. Both deferred income amounts will be released to income statement over the remaining lifetime of the business.
2.10 Securities sold with agreements to repurchase
| 2.10 | | Securities sold with agreements to repurchase |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase, which are classified as secured borrowings, generally mature within 180 days from the transaction date. The Group may be required to provide additional collateral based on the fair value of the underlying securities. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are recorded at
amortizedamortised cost, i.e. their cost plus accrued interest at the
balance sheet date.end of the reporting period. It is the Group’s policy to maintain effective control over securities sold under agreements to repurchase which includes maintaining physical possession of the securities. Accordingly, such securities continue to be carried on the consolidated
balance sheet.2.11 Derivative instruments
statement of financial position.
| 2.11 | | Derivative instruments |
Derivatives are initially recognized at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at their fair value. The resulting gain or loss of derivative financial instruments is recognized in
income statement.net profit. Fair values are obtained from quoted market prices in active markets, including recent market transactions and valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow models and options pricing models, as appropriate. The best evidence of the fair value of a derivative at initial recognition is the transaction price (i.e. the fair value of the consideration given or received) unless the fair value of that instrument is evidenced by comparison with other observable current market transactions in the same instrument (i.e. without modification or repackaging) or based on a valuation technique whose variables include only data from observable markets. All derivatives are carried as assets when fair value is positive and as liabilities when fair value is negative.
Embedded derivatives that are not closely related to their host contracts and meet the definition of a derivative are separated and fair valued through profit or loss. The Group does not separately measure embedded
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
derivatives that meet the definition of an insurance contract or embedded options to surrender insurance contracts for a fixed amount (or an amount based on a fixed amount and an interest rate). All the other embedded derivatives held by the Group are deemed either to be closely related to the host contracts or measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in the income statement.net profit.
2.12 Employee benefitsF-22
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DEC 2009
| 2 | | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) |
The full-time employees of the Group are covered by various government-sponsored pension plans under which the employees are entitled to a monthly pension based on certain formulas. These government agencies are responsible for the pension liability to these retired employees. The Group contributes on a monthly basis to these pension plans. In addition to the government-sponsored pension plans, the Group established an employee annuity plan pursuant to the relevant laws and regulations in the PRC, whereby the Group are required to contribute to the schemes at fixed rates of the employees’ salary costs. Contributions to these plans are expensed as incurred. Under these plans, the Group has no legal or constructive obligation for retirement benefit beyond the contributions made.
All full-time employees of the Group are entitled to participate in various government-sponsored housing funds. The Group contributes on a monthly basis to these funds based on certain percentages of the salaries of the employees. The Group’s liability in respect of these funds is limited to the contributions payable in each year.
2.13 Share capital
Stock appreciation rights
Compensation under the stock appreciation rights is measured based on the fair value of the liabilities incurred and is expensed over the vesting period. Valuation techniques including option pricing models are used to estimate fair value of relevant liabilities. The liability is re-measured at the end of each reporting period to its fair value until settlement with all changes included in administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. The related liability is included in other liabilities.
Shares are classified as equity when there is no obligation to transfer cash or other assets. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of equity instruments are shown in equity as a deduction from the proceeds.
2.14 Revenue recognition
Turnover of the Group represents the total revenues.
Premiums from long-term
traditional life insurance contracts are recognized as revenue when due from the policyholders.
Revenue from long-term investment type insurance contracts and investment contracts consists of policy fees, handling fees, management fees and surrender charges assessed for the cost of insurance, expenses and early surrenders during the year which are recognized when due.Premiums from the sale of
short-termshort duration accident and health insurance
contractsproducts are recorded when written and are accreted to earnings on a pro-rata basis over the term of the related policy coverage. Contracts for which the period of risk differs significantly from the contract period recognize premiums over the period of risk in proportion to the amount of insurance protection provided.
Net
Policy fee income
Revenue from investment
contracts is recognized as policy fee income,
Net investment which consists of various charges (policy fees, handling fees and management fees, etc.) over period service is provided. Excess charges over certain acquisition costs are deferred as unearned revenue and amortized over the expected life of the contracts. Policy fee income is presented as other income.
Investment income
Investment income is comprised of interest income from term deposits, cash and cash equivalents, debt securities, securities purchased under agreements to resell, loans, and dividend income from equity
securities lessCHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
interest expense from securities sold under agreements to repurchase and investment expenses.securities. Interest income is recorded on an accrual basis using the effective interest rate method. Dividend income is recognized when the right to receive dividend payment is established.
2.15 Current and Deferred income taxationF-23
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DEC 2009
| 2 | | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) |
| 2.15 | | Current and deferred income taxation |
The tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognized in the
consolidated income statement,net profit, except to the extent that it relates to items recognized directly in
equity.other comprehensive income. In this case, the tax is also recognized in
equity.other comprehensive income.
The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the
balance sheet dateend of the reporting period in the
countriesjurisdictions where the Company and its subsidiaries operate and generate taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation.
Deferred income tax is recognized, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements. Substantively enacted tax rates are used in the determination of deferred income tax.
Deferred income tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be recognized.
Deferred income tax is provided on temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries and associates except where the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.
2.16 Operating leases
Leases where substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of assets remain with the leasing company are accounted for as operating leases. Payments under operating leases are charged to the
income statementnet profit on a straight-line basis over the lease periods.
2.17 Contingencies
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events and whose existence will only be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Group. It can also be a present obligation arising from past events that is not recognized because it is not probable that outflow of economic resources will be required or the amount of obligation cannot be measured reliably.
A contingent liability is not recognized in the
balance sheetstatement of financial position but is disclosed in the notes to the financial statements. When a change in the probability of an outflow occurs so that outflow is probable and can be reliably measured, it will then be recognized as a provision.
2.18 Dividend distribution
| 2.18 | | Dividend distribution |
Dividend distribution to the Company’s shareholders is recognized as a liability in the Group’s financial statements in the year in which the dividends are approved by the Company’s shareholders.
F-24
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
2.19 Stock appreciation rights
Compensation under the stock appreciation rights is measured based on the fair value of the liabilities incurred and is expensed over the vesting period. Valuation techniques including option pricing models are used to estimate fair value of relevant liabilities. The liability is remeasured at each balance sheet date to its fair value until settlement with all changes included in administrative expenses in the consolidated income statement. The related liability is included in other liabilities.
3 CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGMENTS IN APPLYING ACCOUNTING POLICIES
DEC 2009
| 3 | | CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGMENTS IN APPLYING ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
The Group makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities. Estimates and judgments are continually evaluated and based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.
3.1 Estimate of future benefit payments and premiums arising from long-term traditional insurance contracts and related deferred policy acquisition costs
| 3.1 | | Estimate of future benefit payments and premiums arising from long-term insurance contracts |
The determination of the liabilities under long-term traditional insurance contracts is dependentbased on estimates of future benefit payments, premiums and relevant expenses made by the Group. ForGroup, and the long-term traditional insurance contracts, estimates are made in two stages.margin. Assumptions about mortality rates, morbidity rates, lapse rates, investment returns,discount rate, and administration and claim settlement expenses assumption are made in consideration ofbased on the latest experiencemost recent historical analysis and current and future economic conditionsconditions. The liability uncertainty arising from uncertain future benefits payments, premiums and relevant expenses, is reflected in the risk margin.
The residual margin relating to the long-term insurance contracts is amortized over the expected life of the contracts, based on the assumptions (mortality rates, morbidity rates, lapse rates, discount rate, and expenses assumption) that are determined at inception of the contract. A provision for adverse deviation in experience is added to the assumptions, where appropriate. Assumptions are “locked in”contracts and remain unchanged for the duration of the contract unless the liabilities are considered inadequate. New estimates are made each subsequent year in order to determine whether the previous liabilities are adequate in the light of these latest estimates. If the liabilities are considered adequate, thecontracts.
The various assumptions
are not altered. If they are not adequate, the assumptions are altered (“unlocked”) first by reducing the provision for adverse deviation and then by reflecting current best estimate assumptions. A key feature of the adequacy testing for these contracts is that the effects of changes in the assumptions on the measurement of the liabilities and related assets are not symmetrical. Any improvements in experience will have no impact on the value of the liabilities and related assets until the liabilities are derecognized. However, significant deterioration in experience can lead to an immediate increase in the liabilities.The assumed lapsed rates, mortality rates and morbidity rates are described in Note 14. Investment return assumptions are based on estimates of future yields on the Group’s investments as described in Note 14. The assumption for policy administration expenses has been based on expected unit costs plus, where applicable, a margin for adverse deviation as described in Note 14.13.
3.2 Liability adequacy testF-25
At each balance sheet date, liability adequacy tests are performed to ensure the adequacy of the insurance and investment contract liabilities net of related DAC. Liability adequacy testing is performed by portfolio of contracts that are subject to broadly similar risks. In performing these tests, current best estimates of future cash flows under the contracts are used. As set out in Note 3.1 above, liability assumptions for long-term traditional insurance contracts are defined at the inception of the contract. When the liability adequacy test requires the adoption of new best estimate assumptions, such assumptions (without margins for adverse deviation) are used for the subsequent measurement of these liabilities. Any DAC written off as a result of this test cannot subsequently be reinstated.
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
3.3 Investments
DEC 2009
| 3 | | CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGMENTS IN APPLYING ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) |
The Group’s principal investments are debt securities, equity securities, term deposits and loans. The critical estimates and judgments are those associated with the recognition of impairment and the determination of fair value.
The Group considers a wide range of factors in the impairment assessment as described in Note
2.6.f.2.7.f.
Fair value is defined as the amount at which the financial assets and liabilities could be exchanged in a current transaction between knowledgeable willing parties in an arm’s length transaction, rather than in a forced or liquidation sale. The methods and assumptions used by the Group in estimating the fair value of the financial assets are:
Debt securities: fair values are generally based upon current bid prices. Where current bid prices are not readily available, fair values are estimated using either prices observed in recent transactions, values obtained from current bid prices of comparable investments and valuation techniques when the market is not active.
| • | | Debt securities: fair values are generally based upon current bid prices. Where current bid prices are not readily available, fair values are estimated using either prices observed in recent transactions, values obtained from current bid prices of comparable investments and valuation techniques when the market is not active. |
|
| • | | Equity securities: fair values are generally based upon current bid prices. Where current bid prices are not readily available, fair values are estimated using either prices observed in recent transactions or commonly used market pricing model. Equity securities, for which fair values cannot be measured reliably, are recognized at cost less impairment. |
|
| • | | Term deposits (excluding structured deposits), loans and securities purchased or sold under agreements to resell or repurchase: the carrying amounts of these assets in the statement of financial position approximate fair values. |
|
| • | | Structured deposits: the market for structured deposits is not active and the Group establishes fair value by using discounted cash flow analysis and option pricing models as the valuation technique. The Group uses the US$ swap rate (the benchmark rate) to determine the fair value of financial instruments. |
Equity securities: fair values are generally based upon current bid prices. Where current bid prices are not readily available, fair values are estimated using either prices observed in recent transactions or commonly used market pricing model. Equity securities, for which fair values cannot be measured reliably, are recognized at cost less impairment.
Term deposits (excluding structured deposits), loans and securities purchased or sold under agreements to resell or repurchase: the carrying amounts of these assets in the balance sheet approximate fair values.
Structured deposits: the market for structured deposits is not active and the Group establishes fair value by using discounted cash flow analysis and option pricing models as the valuation technique. The Group uses the US$ swap rate (the benchmark rate) to determine the fair value of financial instruments.
3.4 Income tax
The Group is subjected to income tax in various localities. During the normal course of business, there are great uncertainties for the tax treatment on many transactions on the business matters. The Group needs to exercise significant judgment when determining the income tax expenses. If the final settlement result of the tax matters are different from the amount booked, these differences will impact the final income tax expense and deferred tax for the period.
4 MANAGEMENT OFF-26
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE ANDCOMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL RISKSTATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DEC 2009
Risk management is carried out by the Risk Management Committee under policies approved by the Board of Directors.
The Group issues contracts that transfer insurance risk or financial risk or both. This section
summarizessummarises these risks and the way the Group manages them.
4.1 Insurance risk
| 4.1.1 | | Types of Insurance risks |
The risk under any one insurance contract is the possibility that an insured event occurs and there is uncertainty about the amount of the resulting claim. By the very nature of an insurance contract, this risk is random and therefore unpredictable. For a portfolio of insurance contracts where the theory of probability is applied to pricing and provisioning, the principal risk that the Group faces under its insurance contracts is that the actual claims and benefit payments exceed the carrying amount of the insurance liabilities. This occurs when the
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
frequency or severity of claims and benefits exceeds the estimates. Insurance events are random and the actual number of claims and the amount of benefits paid will vary each year from estimates established using statistical techniques.
Experience shows that the larger the portfolio of similar insurance contracts, the smaller the relative variability about the expected outcome will be. In addition, a more diversified portfolio is less likely to be affected across the board by a change in any subset of the portfolio. The Group has developed its insurance underwriting strategy to diversify the type of insurance risks accepted and within each of these categories to achieve a sufficiently large population of risks to reduce the variability of the expected outcome. The Group manages insurance risk through underwriting strategy, reinsurance arrangements and claims handling.
The Group manages insurance risks through two types of reinsurance agreements, ceding on a quota share basis or a surplus basis, to cover insurance liability risk. The products reinsured include: life insurance, accident
and health insurance
and risk liability embedded annuity or death, disability, accident, illness and assistance in terms of product category or function respectively. These reinsurances agreements spread insured risk to a certain extent and reduce the effect of potential losses to the Group. However, the Group’s direct insurance liabilities to the policyholder are not eliminated because of credit risk associated with the failure of reinsurance companies to
fulfillfulfil their responsibilities.
| 4.1.2 | | Concentration of insurance risks |
The Group offers life insurance, annuity, accident and health insurance products. All operations of the Group are located in the PRC. There are no significant differences among the regions where the Group underwrites insurance contracts.
F-27
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DEC 2009
| 4 | | MANAGEMENT OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL RISK (continued) |
| 4.1 | | Insurance risk (continued) |
| 4.1.2 | | Concentration of insurance risks (continued) |
The table below presents the Group’s major products of long-term
traditional insurance contracts:
| | | | | | | | | | |
Product name | | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
| | | RMB million | | % | | | RMB million | | % | |
Premium | | | | | | | | | | |
Kang Ning Whole Life(a) | | 31,806 | | 29.3 | % | | 29,850 | | 32.3 | % |
Meiman Yisheng Annuity(b) | | 15,955 | | 14.7 | % | | 10,322 | | 11.2 | % |
Hong Xin Endowment(c) | | 14,198 | | 13.1 | % | | 21,673 | | 23.5 | % |
Others | | 46,600 | | 42.9 | % | | 30,451 | | 33.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | 108,559 | | 100.0 | % | | 92,296 | | 100.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Insurance benefits | | | | | | | | | | |
Kang Ning Whole Life(a) | | 3,916 | | 22.0 | % | | 3,184 | | 18.3 | % |
Hong Xin Endowment(c) | | 3,679 | | 20.7 | % | | 3,961 | | 22.7 | % |
Qian Xi Endowment(d) | | 2,906 | | 16.3 | % | | 3,706 | | 21.3 | % |
Others | | 7,276 | | 41.0 | % | | 6,579 | | 37.7 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | 17,777 | | 100.0 | % | | 17,430 | | 100.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities of long-term traditional insurance contracts | | | | | | | | | | |
Kang Ning Whole Life(a) | | 90,241 | | 33.0 | % | | 73,405 | | 33.6 | % |
Hong Xin Endowment(c) | | 55,584 | | 20.3 | % | | 48,868 | | 22.4 | % |
Qian Xi Endowment(d) | | 26,971 | | 9.9 | % | | 25,022 | | 11.5 | % |
Others | | 100,678 | | 36.8 | % | | 70,870 | | 32.5 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | 273,474 | | 100.0 | % | | 218,165 | | 100.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| Product name | | RMB million | | | % | | | RMB million | | | % | |
Premiums | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Hong Feng Endowment (a) | | | 59,229 | | | | 22.6 | % | | | 105,343 | | | | 41.7 | % |
| Hong Fu Endowment (b) | | | 54,919 | | | | 21.0 | % | | | 8,169 | | | | 3.2 | % |
| Kang Ning Whole Life (c) | | | 30,151 | | | | 11.5 | % | | | 31,806 | | | | 12.6 | % |
| Hong Tai Endowment (d) | | | 11,300 | | | | 4.3 | % | | | 13,999 | | | | 5.5 | % |
| Hong Rui Endowment (e) | | | 674 | | | | 0.3 | % | | | 2,221 | | | | 0.9 | % |
| Others (f) | | | 105,632 | | | | 40.3 | % | | | 90,932 | | | | 36.1 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 261,905 | | | | 100.0 | % | | | 252,470 | | | | 100.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Insurance benefits | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Hong Feng Endowment (a) | | | 464 | | | | 0.9 | % | | | 290 | | | | 0.5 | % |
| Hong Fu Endowment (b) | | | 36 | | | | 0.1 | % | | | 4 | | | | 0.0 | % |
| Kang Ning Whole Life (c) | | | 2,772 | | | | 5.4 | % | | | 2,466 | | | | 3.8 | % |
| Hong Tai Endowment (d) | | | 29,173 | | | | 56.6 | % | | | 7,343 | | | | 11.4 | % |
| Hong Rui Endowment (e) | | | 11,299 | | | | 21.9 | % | | | 26,168 | | | | 40.8 | % |
| Others (f) | | | 7,812 | | | | 15.1 | % | | | 27,920 | | | | 43.5 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 51,556 | | | | 100.0 | % | | | 64,191 | | | | 100.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities of long-term insurance contracts | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Hong Feng Endowment (a) | | | 265,270 | | | | 32.8 | % | | | 213,103 | | | | 32.5 | % |
| Hong Fu Endowment (b) | | | 58,369 | | | | 7.2 | % | | | 7,570 | | | | 1.2 | % |
| Kang Ning Whole Life (c) | | | 85,260 | | | | 10.5 | % | | | 71,548 | | | | 11.0 | % |
| Hong Tai Endowment (d) | | | 28,757 | | | | 3.6 | % | | | 49,263 | | | | 7.5 | % |
| Hong Rui Endowment (e) | | | 13,186 | | | | 1.6 | % | | | 24,415 | | | | 3.7 | % |
| Others (f) | | | 358,381 | | | | 44.3 | % | | | 288,949 | | | | 44.1 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 809,223 | | | | 100.0 | % | | | 654,848 | | | | 100.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| (a) | | Hong Feng is long-term individual endowment insurance contract with options for premium term of single. Insured period can be 5 years or 10 years. The insured can be benefited up to age of 65. Maturity benefit is paid at 100% of basic sum insured. Disease Death benefit incurred within one year after contract effective date is paid at premium received (without interest). Disease death benefit incurred exceed one year after contract effective date is paid at basic sum insured. Accident death benefit is paid at 300% of basic sum insured. |
|
| (b) | | Hong Fu is long-term individual endowment insurance contract with options for premium term of single and 3 year, designed for healthy policyholders of age between 30 days and 60 years old. Maturity benefit for lump sum premium is paid at 100% of basic sum insured. Maturity benefit for regular premium is paid at basic sum insured multiplied by number of year of premium payments. Disease Death benefit incurred within one year after contract effective date is paid at premium received (without interest). Disease death benefits incurred exceed one year after contract effective date are paid at basic sum insured and basic sum insured multiplied by number of year of premium payments for lump sum premium and regular premium respectively. Accident death benefit is paid at 300% of basic sum insured and 300% of basic sum insured multiplied by number of year of premium payments for lump sum premium and regular premium respectively. |
|
| (c) | | Kang Ning Whole Life is long-term individual whole life traditional insurance contract with options for premium term of single, 10 years or 20 years. Its critical illness benefit accounts for 200% of basic sum insured. Both death and disability benefit are paid at 300% of basic sum insured less any paid critical illness benefit. |
F-28
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 (b)4 | Meiman Yisheng Annuity | MANAGEMENT OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL RISK (continued) |
| 4.1 | | Insurance risk (continued) |
| 4.1.2 | | Concentration of insurance risks (continued) |
| | |
| (d) | | Hong Tai is long-term individual participating traditionalendowment insurance contract with options for premium term of 3 years,single and 5 years, 810 years, or 1215 years and 20 years, designed for healthy policyholders of age between 30 days and 60 years old. Maturity benefit for lump sum premium is paid at 100% of basic sum insured. Maturity benefit for regular premium is paid at basic sum insured multiplied by number of year of premium payments. Disease Death benefit incurred within one year after contract effective date is paid at premium received (without interest). Disease death benefits incurred exceed one year after contract effective date are paid at basic sum insured and basic sum insured multiplied by number of year of premium payments for lump sum premium and regular premium respectively. |
|
| (e) | | Hong Rui is long-term individual endowment insurance contract with options for premium term of single and 5 years. The insured can be benefited up to age of 75. Its endowment70. Accident benefit accountsis paid at basic sum insured for 1% oflumps sum premium and the accident benefit is paid at basic sum insured multiplied by number of year of premium payments every year. Death and maturity benefit are paid at 110% and 100%payment if the accident happens within the first to the fourth year of insured or 500% of the basic sum insured multiplied by numberif the accident happens after the fifth year of premium payments, respectively. |
(c) | Hong Xin Endowmentinsured. The maturity benefit is long-term individual endowment traditional insurance contract with options for premium termpaid at 100% and 500% of single, 3 years, 5 years or 10 years. The insured can be benefited up to age of 80. Its endowment benefit accounts for 9% ofthe basic sum insured, every three years. Deathfor lump sum premium and maturity benefit are paid at 200% and 150%regular premium, respectively. |
|
| (f) | | Others consist of basic sum insured, respectively.various long-term insurance contracts with no significant concentration. |
(d)4.1.3 | Qian Xi Endowment is long-term individual endowment traditional insurance contract with options for premium term of single, 10 years, 20 years or 30 years. The benefit term is whole life. Its endowment benefit accounts for 5% of basic sum insured every three years and death benefit is increased by 5% of basic sum insured every year that renewal premium is paid. | Sensitivity Analysis |
For
Sensitive analysis of long-term investment type insurance contracts Hong Feng Endowment is the major product with RMB105,343 million of deposits in 2008 (2007: RMB48,430 million), representing 67.2% (2007: 66.8%) of total received deposits
Liabilities for long-term
investment type insurance contracts.Participating contracts for the year ended December 31, 2008 represented approximately 61% of gross and net life insurance premium and policy fees, respectively (2007: 53%, 2006: 52%). The net investment income, net realized gains or losses on financial assets and net fair value gains or losses on assets at fair value through income (held-for-trading) attributable to participating contracts in 2008 are RMB28,505 million, RMB(7,864) million and RMB(5,491) million respectively (2007: RMB29,133 million, RMB10,673 million and RMB11,125 million; 2006: RMB16,600 million, RMB849 million and RMB16,149 million).
Sensitivity Analysis
For liabilities under long-term traditional insurance contracts and long-term investment typethe liabilities unbundled from universal life insurance contracts changes inand unit-linked insurance contracts with insurance risk are calculated based on the assumptions on mortality rates, morbidity rates, will not cause a change to the carrying amount of the liabilities, unless the change is severe enough to trigger a liability adequacy test adjustment. If the actuallapse rates and discount rates.
Holding all other variable constant, if mortality rates
orand morbidity rates increase or
decreasedecease from current
assumptionsbest estimate by 10%,
there will be no impact to the Group’s consolidated financial statements as the deviation will not trigger a liability adequacy test adjustment.For liabilities under long-term traditional insurance contracts, long-term investment type insurance contracts and investment contracts with DPF, changes in investment returns will not cause a change to the carrying amount of the liabilities, unless the change is severe enough to trigger a liability adequacy test adjustment. If the investment returns are 50 basis points lower or higher than current assumptions, there will be no impact to the Group’s consolidated financial statements since the variance will not trigger a liability adequacy test adjustment.
As disclosed in Note 2.8.3 and Note 2.8.1.a, DAC and unearned revenue liability (“URL”) for long-term investment type insurance contracts and investment contracts are amortized and recognized in income respectively over the expected life of the contracts as a constant percent of the present value of estimated gross profits expected to be realized over the life of the contract. Although the Group measures the expected gross profits based on an investment return assumption updated on an annual basis, change in the investment return assumption will not cause material impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements since the net amount of DAC amortization and change of URL is not material.
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
Short-term insurance contract liabilities are not directly sensitive to the level of investment returns, as they are undiscounted and contractually non-interest-bearing. Investment contracts without DPF are accounted for at amortized cost and their carrying amounts are not sensitive to changes in the level of investment returns.
For liabilities under short-term insurance contracts, if the loss ratio had increased or decreased by 100 basis points with all other variables held constant, pre-tax profit and post-tax profit for the year would have been RMB124RMB 8,899 or 9,290 million and RMB93 million respectively (2007: RMB114 million and RMB86(2008: RMB 8,252 or 8,635 million) lower or higher.
Holding all other variable constant, if lapse rates increase or decease from current best estimate by 10%, pre-tax profit for the year would have been RMB 5,426 or 5,802 million (2008: RMB 4,435 or 4,744 million) lower or higher.
Holding all other variable constant, if the discount rates are 50 basis points higher respectively.or lower than current best estimate, pre-tax profit for the year would have been RMB 23,429 or 27,157 million (2008: RMB 22,428 or 26,177 million) higher or lower.
Sensitive analysis of short-term insurance contracts
The assumptions of reserves for claims and claim adjustment expenses may be affected by other variables such as claims payment of short term insurance contracts, which may result in the synchronous changes to reserves for claims and claim adjustment expenses.
Holding all other variable constant, if loss ratios are 100 basis points higher or lower than current assumption, pre-tax profit is expected to be RMB 132 million lower or higher (2008: RMB 127 million). Management believes that the 100 basis points deviation used in the sensitivity analysis represents a deviation in the expected level of claims that could be reasonably expected for this type of business.
4.2 Financial riskF-29
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DEC 2009
| 4 | | MANAGEMENT OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL RISK (continued) |
| 4.1 | | Insurance risk (continued) |
| 4.1.3 | | Sensitivity Analysis (continued) |
The following table indicates the claim development for short-term insurance contracts without taking account of reinsurance impacts:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Short-term insurance contracts (accident year) | |
| | | 2005 | | | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | Total | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Current year/End of the year | | | 6,653 | | | | 6,771 | | | | 7,082 | | | | 7,725 | | | | 8,102 | | | | | |
| Later than 1 year | | | 7,039 | | | | 6,074 | | | | 6,891 | | | | 7,591 | | | | | | | | | |
| Later than 2 years | | | 7,087 | | | | 6,168 | | | | 6,990 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Later than 3 years | | | 7,087 | | | | 6,168 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Later than 4 years | | | 7,087 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Estimated accumulated claims | | | 7,087 | | | | 6,168 | | | | 6,990 | | | | 7,591 | | | | 8,102 | | | | 35,938 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Accumulated paid claims | | | (7,087 | ) | | | (6,168 | ) | | | (6,990 | ) | | | (7,271 | ) | | | (5,478 | ) | | | (32,994 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Unpaid claims | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 320 | | | | 2,624 | | | | 2,944 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The following table indicates the claim development for short-term insurance contracts taking account of reinsurance impacts:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Short-term insurance contracts (accident year) | |
| | | 2005 | | | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | Total | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Current year/End of the year | | | 5,928 | | | | 6,703 | | | | 7,036 | | | | 7,671 | | | | 8,017 | | | | | |
| Later than 1 year | | | 6,314 | | | | 6,013 | | | | 6,847 | | | | 7,538 | | | | | | | | | |
| Later than 2 years | | | 6,426 | | | | 6,106 | | | | 6,945 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Later than 3 years | | | 6,426 | | | | 6,106 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Later than 4 years | | | 6,426 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Estimated accumulated claims | | | 6,426 | | | | 6,106 | | | | 6,945 | | | | 7,538 | | | | 8,017 | | | | 35,032 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Accumulated paid claims | | | (6,426 | ) | | | (6,106 | ) | | | (6,945 | ) | | | (7,221 | ) | | | (5,421 | ) | | | (32,119 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Unpaid claims | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 317 | | | | 2,596 | | | | 2,913 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The Group’s activities are exposed to a variety of financial risks. The key financial risk is that proceeds from the sale of financial assets will not be sufficient to fund obligations arising from the Group’s insurance and investment contracts. The most important components of financial risk are market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk.
The Group’s overall risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimizeminimise potential adverse effects on the financial performance of the Group. Risk management is carried out by a designated department under policies approved by management. The responsible department identifies, evaluates and manages financial risks in close cooperation with the Group’s operating units. The Group provides written principles for overall risk management, as well as written policies covering specific areas, such as managing market risk, credit risk, and liquidity risk.
F-30
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DEC 2009
| 4 | | MANAGEMENT OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL RISK (continued) |
| 4.2 | | Financial risk (continued) |
The Group manages financial risk by holding an appropriately diversified investment portfolio as permitted by laws and regulations designed to reduce the risk of concentration in any one specific industry or issuer. The structure of the investment portfolio held by the Group is seen in Note
98 to the consolidated financial statements.
The sensitivity analyses below are based on a change in an assumption while holding all other assumptions constant. In practice this is unlikely to occur, and changes in some of the assumptions may be correlated (for example, change in interest rate and change in market values).
4.2.1 Market risk
(i) Interest rate risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that the value of a financial instrument will fluctuate due to changes in market interest rates. The Group’s financial assets are principally comprised of term deposits and debt securities. Changes in the level of interest rates can have a significant impact on the Group’s overall investment return. Many of the Group’s insurance policies offer guaranteed returns to policyholders. These guarantees expose the Group to interest rate risk.
The Group manages interest rate risk through adjustments to portfolio structure and duration, and, to the extent possible, by monitoring the mean duration of its assets and liabilities.
The sensitivity analysis for interest rate risk illustrates how changes in interest income and the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates at the
end of the reporting
date.CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBERperiod.
At 31
2008At December 31, 2008,2009, if market interest rates had been 50 basis points higher or lower with all other variables held constant, pre-tax profit for the year would have been RMB626RMB 823 million (2007: RMB527(2008: RMB 626 million) higher or lower respectively, mainly as a result of higher or lower interest income on floating rate cash and cash equivalents, term deposits, statutory deposits-restricted and debt securities and the fair value losses or gains on debt securities assets at fair value through income, (held-for-trading), net of impact thereof on undistributed participating policyholders’ dividends. Pre-tax available-for-saleavailable-for sale reserve in equity would have been RMB8,339RMB 7,583 million (2007: RMB6,489(2008: RMB 8,474 million) lower or higher respectively as a result of a decrease or increase in the fair value of available-for-sale securities, net of impact thereof on undistributed participating policyholders’ dividends and other shadow adjustments.dividends.
(ii) Price riskF-31
Price risk arises mainly from the volatility of prices of equity securities held by the Group. Prices of equity securities are determined by market forces. The Group is subject to increased market risk largely because China’s stock markets are relatively volatile.
The Group manages price risk by holding an appropriately diversified investment portfolio as permitted by laws and regulations designed to reduce the risk of concentration in any one specific industry or issuer.
At December 31, 2008, if all the Group’s equity securities’ prices had increased or decreased by 10% with all other variables held constant, pre-tax profit for the year would have been RMB452 million (2007: RMB1,072 million) higher or lower respectively, mainly as a result of an increase or decrease in fair value of equity securities excluding available-for-sale securities, net of impact thereof on undistributed participating policyholders’ dividends. Pre-tax available-for-sale reserve in equity would have been RMB4,551 million higher or lower (2007: RMB12,079 million) as a result of an increase or decrease in fair value of available-for-sale equity securities, net of impact thereof on undistributed participating policyholders’ dividends and other shadow adjustments.
(iii) Currency risk
Currency risk is volatility of fair value or future cash flows of financial instruments resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The Group operates principally in the PRC except for limited exposure to foreign exchange rate risk arising primarily with respect to structured deposits, debt securities and common stocks denominated in US dollar (“US$”) or HK dollar (“HK$”).
The Group holds shares traded on the HK stock market which are traded in HK dollars. Investment income from H share holdings have offset the adverse impact of the appreciation of the Renminbi and thus spread the risk indirectly.
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | 4 | | MANAGEMENT OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL RISK (continued) |
|
| 4.2 | | Financial risk (continued) |
|
| 4.2.1 | | Market risk (continued) |
|
| (ii) | | Price risk |
|
| | Price risk arises mainly from the volatility of prices of equity securities held by the Group. Prices of equity securities are determined by market forces. The Group is subject to increased price risk largely because China’s stock markets are relatively volatile. |
|
| | The Group manages price risk by holding an appropriately diversified investment portfolio as permitted by laws and regulations designed to reduce the risk of concentration in any one specific industry or issuer. |
|
| | At 31 December 2009, if all the Group’s equity securities’ prices had increased or decreased by 10% with all other variables held constant, pre-tax profit for the year would have been RMB 127 million (2008: RMB 452 million) higher or lower respectively, mainly as a result of an increase or decrease in fair value of equity securities excluding available-for-sale securities, net of impact thereof on undistributed participating policyholders’ dividends. Pre-tax available-for-sale reserve in equity would have been RMB 11,470 million higher or lower (2008: RMB 4,619 million) as a result of an increase or decrease in fair value of available-for-sale equity securities, net of impact thereof on undistributed participating policyholders’ dividends. |
|
| (iii) | | Currency risk |
|
| | Currency risk is volatility of fair value or future cash flows of financial instruments resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The Group operates principally in the PRC except for limited exposure to foreign exchange rate risk arising primarily with respect to structured deposits, debt securities and common stocks denominated in US dollar (“US$”) or HK dollar (“HK$”). |
|
| | The Group holds shares traded on the HK stock market, which are traded in HK dollars. Investment income from H share holdings have offset the adverse impact of the appreciation of the Renminbi and thus spread the risk indirectly. |
|
| | The following table summaries financial assets denominated in currencies other than RMB as at 31 December 2009 and 2008. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | US$ | | | HK$ | | | Total | |
| As at 31 December 2009 | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Equity securities | | | — | | | | 13,570 | | | | 13,570 | |
| - Available-for-sale securities | | | — | | | | 13,570 | | | | 13,570 | |
| Debt securities | | | 2,902 | | | | 7 | | | | 2,909 | |
| - Held-to-maturity securities | | | 2,048 | | | | 7 | | | | 2,055 | |
| - Available-for-sale securities | | | 854 | | | | — | | | | 854 | |
| Term deposits (excluding structured deposits) | | | 6,814 | | | | — | | | | 6,814 | |
| Structured deposits | | | 273 | | | | — | | | | 273 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | | | 1,911 | | | | 1,538 | | | | 3,449 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 11,900 | | | | 15,115 | | | | 27,015 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
The following table summaries financial assets denominated in currencies other than RMB as at December 31, 2008 and 2007.F-32
| | | | | | |
| | | US$ | | HK$ | | Total |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million | | RMB million |
As at December 31, 2008 | | | | | | |
Equity securities | | — | | 2,410 | | 2,410 |
Debt securities | | 2,905 | | — | | 2,905 |
Term deposits (excluding structured deposits) | | 4,921 | | — | | 4,921 |
Structured deposits | | 2,905 | | — | | 2,905 |
Cash and cash equivalents | | 8,236 | | 511 | | 8,747 |
| | | | | | |
Total | | 18,967 | | 2,921 | | 21,888 |
| | | | | | |
| | | |
| | | US$ | | HK$ | | Total |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million | | RMB million |
As at December 31, 2007 | | | | | | |
Equity securities | | — | | 8,476 | | 8,476 |
Debt securities | | 3,119 | | — | | 3,119 |
Term deposits (excluding structured deposits) | | 219 | | — | | 219 |
Structured deposits | | 4,346 | | — | | 4,346 |
Cash and cash equivalents | | 6,844 | | 45 | | 6,889 |
| | | | | | |
Total | | 14,528 | | 8,521 | | 23,049 |
| | | | | | |
Monetary assets are exposed to currency risk whereas non-monetary assets, such as equity securities, expose themselves to price risk. As at December 31, 2008, if RMB had strengthened or weakened by 10% against USD and HK dollar with all other variables held constant, pre-tax profit for the year would have been RMB1,948 million (2007: RMB1,457 million) lower or higher respectively, mainly as a result of foreign exchange losses or gains on translation of USD and HK dollar denominated financial assets other than the equity securities included in the table above.
4.2.2 Credit risk
Credit risk is the risk that one party to a financial transaction or the issuer of a financial instrument will fail to discharge an obligation and cause another party to incur a financial loss. Because the Group is limited in the types of investments as permitted by China Insurance Regulatory Commission (“CIRC”) and a significant portion of the portfolio is in government bonds, government agency bonds and term deposits with the state-owned commercial banks, the Group’s overall exposure to credit risk is relatively low.
Credit risk is controlled by the application of credit approvals, limits and monitoring procedures. The Group manages credit risk through in-house fundamental analysis of the Chinese economy and the underlying obligors and transaction structures. Where appropriate, the Group obtains collateral in the form of rights to cash, securities, property and equipment.
Credit exposureThe carrying amount of financial assets included on the consolidated balance sheet represents the maximum credit exposure without taking account of any collateral held or other credit enhancements attached. The Group has no credit risk exposures relating to off-balance sheet items as at December 31, 2008 and 2007.
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | 4 | | MANAGEMENT OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL RISK (continued) |
|
| 4.2 | | Financial risk (continued) |
|
| 4.2.1 | | Market risk (continued) |
|
| (iii) | | Currency risk (continued) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | US$ | | | HK$ | | | Total | |
| As at 31 December 2008 | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Equity securities | | | — | | | | 2,410 | | | | 2,410 | |
| - Available-for-sale securities | | | — | | | | 2,398 | | | | 2,398 | |
| - Securities at fair value through income | | | — | | | | 12 | | | | 12 | |
| Debt securities | | | 2,905 | | | | — | | | | 2,905 | |
| - Held-to-maturity securities | | | 2,051 | | | | — | | | | 2,051 | |
| - Available-for-sale securities | | | 854 | | | | — | | | | 854 | |
| Term deposits (excluding structured deposits) | | | 4,921 | | | | — | | | | 4,921 | |
| Structured deposits | | | 2,905 | | | | — | | | | 2,905 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | | | 8,236 | | | | 511 | | | | 8,747 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 18,967 | | | | 2,921 | | | | 21,888 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Monetary assets are exposed to currency risk whereas non-monetary assets, such as equity securities, expose themselves to price risk. As at 31 December 2009, if RMB had strengthened or weakened by 10% against USD and HK dollar with all other variables held constant, pre-tax profit for the year would have been RMB 1,345 million (2008: RMB 1,948 million) lower or higher respectively, mainly as a result of foreign exchange losses or gains on translation of USD and HK dollar denominated financial assets other than the equity securities included in the table above. |
|
| 4.2.2 | | Credit risk |
|
| | Credit risk is the risk that one party to a financial transaction or the issuer of a financial instrument will fail to discharge an obligation and cause another party to incur a financial loss. Because the Group is limited in the types of investments as permitted by China Insurance Regulatory Commission (“CIRC”) and a significant portion of the portfolio is in government bonds, government agency bonds and term deposits with the state-owned commercial banks, the Group’s overall exposure to credit risk is relatively low. |
|
| | Credit risk is controlled by the application of credit approvals, limits and monitoring procedures. The Group manages credit risk through in-house fundamental analysis of the Chinese economy and the underlying obligors and transaction structures. Where appropriate, the Group obtains collateral in the form of rights to cash, securities, property and equipment. |
|
| | Credit exposure |
|
| | The carrying amount of financial assets included on the consolidated statement of financial position represents the maximum credit exposure without taking account of any collateral held or other credit enhancements attached. The Group has no credit risk exposures relating to off-statement of financial position items as at 31 December 2009 and 2008. |
|
| | Collateral and other credit enhancements |
|
| | Securities purchased under agreements to resell are pledged by counterpart’s debt securities or term deposits of which the Group could take the ownership should the owner of the collateral default. Policy loans and premium receivables are collateralized by their policies’ cash value according to the terms and conditions of policy loan contracts and policy contracts respectively signed by the Group together with policyholders. |
Collateral and other credit enhancementsF-33
Securities purchased under agreements to resell are pledged by counterpart’s debt securities or term deposits of which the Group could take the ownership should the owner of the collateral default. Policy loans and premium receivables are collateralized by their policies’ cash value according to the terms and conditions of policy loan contracts and policy contracts respectively signed by the Group together with policyholders.
Credit quality
The Group’s debt securities investment includes government bonds, government agency bonds, corporate bonds and subordinated bonds or debts. As at December 31, 2008, 100% (as at December 31, 2007: 98.9%) of the corporate bonds held by the Group have credit rating of AA/A-2 or above. As at December 31, 2008, 99.3% (as at December 31, 2007: 99.1%) of the subordinated bonds or debts held by the Group either have credit rating of AA/A-2 or above, or were issued by national commercial banks. The bond or debt’s credit rating is assigned by a qualified appraisal institution in the PRC at the time of its issuance.
As at December 31, 2008, 95.4% (as at December 31, 2007: 94.8%) of the Group’s bank deposits are with the four largest state-owned commercial banks and other national commercial banks in the PRC, and almost all of the reinsurance agreements of the Group are with a state-owned reinsurance company. The Group believes these commercial banks and the reinsurance company have a high credit quality. As a result, the Group concludes credit risk associated with term deposits and accrued investment income thereof, statutory deposits-restricted, cash equivalents and reinsurance assets will not cause material impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements as at December 31, 2008 and 2007.
The credit risk associated with securities purchased under agreements to resell, policy loans and premium receivables will not cause a material impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements taking into consideration of their collateral held and maturity term of no more than one year as at December 31, 2008 and 2007.
4.2.3 Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will not have access to sufficient funds to meet its liabilities as they become due.
In the normal course of business, the Group attempts to match the maturity of investment assets to the maturity of insurance liabilities.
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | 4 | | MANAGEMENT OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL RISK (continued) |
|
| 4.2 | | Financial risk (continued) |
|
| 4.2.2 | | Credit risk (continued) |
|
| | Credit quality |
|
| | The Group’s debt securities investment includes government bonds, government agency bonds, corporate bonds and subordinated bonds or debts, and most of the debt securities are guaranteed by either the Chinese government or a Chinese government controlled financial institution. As at 31 December 2009, 100% (as at 31 December 2008: 100%) of the corporate bonds held by the Group have credit rating of AA/A-2 or above. As at 31 December 2009, 99.5% (as at 31 December 2008: 99.3% ) of the subordinated bonds or debts held by the Group either have credit rating of AA/A-2 or above, or were issued by national commercial banks. The bond or debt’s credit rating is assigned by a qualified appraisal institution in the PRC at the time of its issuance. |
|
| | As at 31 December 2009, 100% (as at 31 December 2008: 99.8%) of the Group’s bank deposits are with the four largest state-owned commercial banks, other national commercial banks and China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation Limited (CSDCC) in the PRC, and almost all of the reinsurance agreements of the Group are with a state-owned reinsurance company. The Group believes these commercial banks, SD&C and the reinsurance company have a high credit quality. As a result, the Group concludes credit risk associated with term deposits and accrued investment income thereof, statutory deposits-restricted, cash equivalents and reinsurance assets will not cause material impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements as at 31 December 2009 and 2008. |
|
| | The credit risk associated with securities purchased under agreements to resell, policy loans and premium receivables will not cause a material impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements taking into consideration of their collateral held and maturity term of no more than one year as at 31 December 2009 and 2008. |
The following tables set forth the expected undiscounted cash flows for insurance contracts and investment contracts as well as contractual undiscounted cash flows for financial liabilities excluding investment contracts.F-34
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Expected and contractual cash flows
(undiscounted) |
As at December 31, 2008 | | Carrying
amount | | Not later
than
1 year | | | Later than
1 year but
not later
than
3 years | | | Later than
3 years
but not
later than
5 years | | | Later than
5 years |
| | | (RMB million) |
Financial and insurance liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Expected cash flows out/(in) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Short term insurance contracts | | 8,894 | | 6,314 | | | — | | | — | | | — |
Long-term traditional insurance contracts | | 273,474 | | (53,058 | ) | | (61,685 | ) | | (27,162 | ) | | 862,230 |
Long-term investment type insurance contracts | | 362,241 | | 56,462 | | | 101,796 | | | 146,605 | | | 145,326 |
Investment contracts | | 53,229 | | 14,190 | | | 15,533 | | | 8,657 | | | 41,916 |
| | | | | |
Contractual cash flows out | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | | 11,390 | | 11,395 | | | — | | | — | | | — |
Annuity and other insurance balances payable | | 28,986 | | 28,986 | | | — | | | — | | | — |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | | Contractual and expected cash flows
(undiscounted) |
As at December 31, 2007 | | Carrying
amount | | Not later
than
1 year | | | Later than
1 year but
not later
than
3 years | | | Later than
3 years
but not
later than
5 years | | | Later than
5 years |
| | | (RMB million) |
Financial and insurance liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Expected cash flows out/(in) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Short term insurance contracts | | 8,119 | | 5,564 | | | — | | | — | | | — |
Long-term traditional insurance contracts | | 218,165 | | (43,182 | ) | | (52,962 | ) | | (24,852 | ) | | 717,464 |
Long-term investment type insurance contracts | | 284,588 | | 67,012 | | | 85,571 | | | 79,443 | | | 123,878 |
Investment contracts | | 51,302 | | 14,345 | | | 15,450 | | | 8,910 | | | 37,279 |
| | | | | |
Contractual cash flows out | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | | 100 | | 100 | | | — | | | — | | | — |
Annuity and other insurance balances payable | | 14,111 | | 14,111 | | | — | | | — | | | — |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The amounts set forth in the tables above for insurance and investment contracts in each column are the cash flows representing expected future benefit payments taking into consideration of future premiums payments or deposits from policyholders. The estimate is affected by assumptions related to mortality, morbidity, lapses, withdrawals, credited rates, loss ratio, claim adjustment expenses and other assumptions. Actual experience may differ from estimates.
As at December 31, 2008, declared dividends of RMB1,179 million (as at December 31, 2007: RMB26,238 million) included in policyholder dividends payable have a maturity not later than one year. For the remaining policyholder dividends payable, the amount and timing of the cash flows are indeterminate due to the uncertainty of future experiences including investment returns and are subject to future declarations by the Group.
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | 4 | | MANAGEMENT OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL RISK (continued) |
|
| 4.2 | | Financial risk (continued) |
|
| 4.2.3 | | Liquidity risk |
|
| | Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will not have access to sufficient funds to meet its liabilities as they become due. |
|
| | In the normal course of business, the Group attempts to match the maturity of financial assets to the maturity of insurance and financial liabilities. |
|
| | The following tables set forth the contractual and expected undiscounted cash flows for financial assets, insurance and financial liabilities: |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Contractual and expected cash flows | |
| | | | | | | | | | | (undiscounted) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Not | | | Later than 1 | | | Later than 3 | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | later | | | year but not | | | years but not | | | Later | |
| | | Carrying | | | Without | | | than 1 | | | later than 3 | | | later than 5 | | | than 5 | |
| As at 31 December 2009 | | amount | | | maturity | | | year | | | years | | | years | | | years | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financial assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Contractual cash flows in/(out) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Equity securities | | | 179,390 | | | | 179,390 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| Debt securities | | | 582,285 | | | | — | | | | 27,803 | | | | 91,257 | | | | 85,720 | | | | 686,923 | |
| Loans | | | 23,081 | | | | — | | | | 14,448 | | | | 1,234 | | | | 1,234 | | | | 12,746 | |
| Term deposits | | | 344,983 | | | | — | | | | 91,552 | | | | 79,100 | | | | 149,936 | | | | 65,405 | |
| Statutory deposits-restricted | | | 6,153 | | | | — | | | | 191 | | | | 2,319 | | | | 4,406 | | | | — | |
| Accrued investment income | | | 14,208 | | | | — | | | | 14,208 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| Premiums receivable | | | 6,818 | | | | — | | | | 6,818 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| Cash and cash equivalent | | | 36,176 | | | | — | | | | 36,176 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Subtotal | | | 1,193,094 | | | | 179,390 | | | | 191,196 | | | | 173,910 | | | | 241,296 | | | | 765,074 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financial and insurance liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Expected cash flows out/(in) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Insurance contracts | | | 818,164 | | | | — | | | | (7,558 | ) | | | 34,103 | | | | 118,673 | | | | 1,335,276 | |
| Investment contracts | | | 67,274 | | | | — | | | | 18,386 | | | | 20,121 | | | | 13,595 | | | | 34,352 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Contractual cash flows out/(in) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | | | 33,553 | | | | — | | | | 33,553 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| Annuity and other insurance balances payable | | | 5,721 | | | | — | | | | 5,721 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Subtotal | | | 924,712 | | | | — | | | | 50,102 | | | | 54,224 | | | | 132,268 | | | | 1,369,628 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total cash flows in/(out) | | | 268,382 | | | | 179,390 | | | | 141,094 | | | | 119,686 | | | | 109,028 | | | | (604,554 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Another maturity analysis assuming all investment contracts with DPF and without DPF were surrendered immediately would have been RMB51,713 million and RMB1,516 million respectively as at December 31, 2008 (as at December 31, 2007: RMB49,068 million and RMB2,234 million respectively), payable within one year. Although contractually these options can be exercised immediately by all policyholders, at once, the Group’s expected cash flows are as shown in the above tables based on its experience and future expectations.F-35
4.2.4 Capital management
The Group’s objectives when managing capital, which is actual capital, are to comply with the insurance capital requirements required by the CIRC to meet the minimum capital and safeguard the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern so that it can continue to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders.
The Group is also subject to other local capital requirements, such as statutory deposits-restricted requirement and Statutory reserve fund requirement, discussed in detail under Note 9.6 and Note 31, respectively.
The Group ensures its continuous and full compliance with the regulations mainly through monitoring quarterly and annual static solvency margin, as well as the dynamic solvency margin, which predicts the solvency margin for the next three years based on different scenarios. It has complied with all the local capital requirements.
The table below summarizes the solvency ratio of the Company, the regulatory capital held (represented by actual capital) against the minimum required capital (represented by minimum capital).
| | | | | | |
| | | As at December 31, | |
| | | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
Actual capital | | 124,540 | | | 168,357 | |
Minimum capital | | 40,156 | | | 32,054 | |
Solvency ratio | | 310 | % | | 525 | % |
According to “Solvency Regulations of Insurance Companies”, the solvency ratio is computed by dividing the actual capital by the minimum capital. CIRC will closely monitor those insurance companies with solvency ratio less than 100% and may, depending on the individual circumstances, undertake certain regulatory measures, including but not limited to restricting the payment of dividends. Insurance companies with solvency ratio between 100% and 150% would be required to submit and implement plans preventing capital from being inadequate. And Insurance companies with solvency ratio above 100% but significant solvency risk noticed would be required to take necessary rectification action.
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | 4 | | MANAGEMENT OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL RISK (continued) |
|
| 4.2 | | Financial risk (continued) |
|
| 4.2.3 | | Liquidity risk (continued) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Contractual and expected cash flows | |
| | | | | | | | | | | (undiscounted) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Not | | | Later than 1 | | | Later than 3 | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | later | | | year but not | | | years but not | | | Later | |
| | | Carrying | | | Without | | | than 1 | | | later than 3 | | | later than 5 | | | than 5 | |
| As at 31 December 2008 | | amount | | | maturity | | | year | | | years | | | years | | | years | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financial assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Contractual cash flows in/(out) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Equity securities | | | 75,075 | | | | 75,075 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| Debt securities | | | 575,871 | | | | — | | | | 49,178 | | | | 108,633 | | | | 77,224 | | | | 571,228 | |
| Loans | | | 17,926 | | | | — | | | | 9,293 | | | | 1,234 | | | | 1,234 | | | | 13,363 | |
| Term deposits | | | 228,272 | | | | — | | | | 69,359 | | | | 50,902 | | | | 126,210 | | | | 9,298 | |
| Statutory deposits-restricted | | | 6,153 | | | | — | | | | 460 | | | | 748 | | | | 5,919 | | | | — | |
| Accrued investment income | | | 13,149 | | | | — | | | | 13,149 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| Premiums receivable | | | 6,433 | | | | — | | | | 6,433 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| Cash and cash equivalent | | | 34,074 | | | | — | | | | 34,074 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Subtotal | | | 956,953 | | | | 75,075 | | | | 181,946 | | | | 161,517 | | | | 210,587 | | | | 593,889 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financial and insurance liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Expected cash flows out/(in) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Insurance contracts | | | 662,865 | | | | — | | | | (2,367 | ) | | | 20,358 | | | | 95,160 | | | | 1,069,670 | |
| Investment contracts | | | 65,050 | | | | — | | | | 18,079 | | | | 18,582 | | | | 9,979 | | | | 37,430 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Contractual cash flows out/(in) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | | | 11,390 | | | | — | | | | 11,390 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| Annuity and other insurance balances payable | | | 4,980 | | | | — | | | | 4,980 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Subtotal | | | 744,285 | | | | — | | | | 32,082 | | | | 38,940 | | | | 105,139 | | | | 1,107,100 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total cash flows in/(out) | | | 212,668 | | | | 75,075 | | | | 149,864 | | | | 122,577 | | | | 105,448 | | | | (513,211 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | The amounts set forth in the tables above for insurance and investment contracts in each column are the cash flows representing expected future benefit payments taking into consideration of future premiums payments or deposits from policyholders. The excess cash inflow from matured financial assets will be reinvested to cover any future liquidity exposures. The estimate is subject to assumptions related to mortality, morbidity, discount rate, loss ratio, expenses assumption and other assumptions. Actual experience may differ from estimates. |
|
| | At 31 December 2009, declared dividends of RMB 23,833 million (2008: RMB 24,295 million) included in policyholder dividends payable have a maturity not later than one year. For the remaining policyholder dividends payable, the amount and timing of the cash flows are indeterminate due to the uncertainty of future experiences including investment returns and are subject to future declarations by the Group. |
|
| | The other maturity analysis is conducted on the assumption that all investment contracts (with DPF and without DPF) and universal life insurance contracts were surrendered immediately. This would cause a cash outflow of RMB 50,365 million, RMB 1,482 million and RMB 14,891 million respectively for the period ended 31 December 2009 (2008: RMB 51,818 million, RMB 1,543 million and RMB 11,249 million respectively), payable within one year. Although contractually these options can be exercised immediately by all policyholders at once, the Group’s expected cash flows as shown in the above tables are based on past experience and future expectations. |
5 SEGMENT INFORMATIONF-36
5.1 Business segments
The Group has the following main business segments:
(i) Individual life insurance business
Individual life insurance business relates primarily to the sale of insurance contracts and investment contracts to individuals and comprises participating and non-participating business. Participating life insurance business relates primarily to the sale of participating contracts, which provides the policyholder with a participation in the profits arising from the invested assets relating to the policy and mortality gains, as described in Note 2.8.1.d. Non-participating insurance business relates primarily to non-participating life insurance and annuity products, which provides guaranteed benefits to the insured without a participation in the profits.
(ii) Group life insurance business
Group life insurance business relates primarily to the sale of insurance contracts and investment contracts to group entities and comprises participating and non-participating business as described above.
(iii) Accident and health insurance business
Accident and health insurance business relates primarily to the sale of accident and health insurance and accident only products.
(iv) Corporate and other
Corporate and other business relates primarily to income and expenses in respect of the provision of the services to CLIC, as described in Note 29, share of results of associates and unallocated income taxes.
5.2 Basis of allocating net investment income, realized and unrealized gains or losses and administrative and other operating expenses
Net investment income, net realized gains or losses on financial assets, net fair value gains or losses on assets at fair value through income (held-for-trading) and foreign exchange losses within other operating expenses are allocated among segments in proportion to each respective segment’s average statutory policyholder reserve and claims provision at the beginning and end of the year. Administrative and other operating expenses are allocated among segments in proportion to the unit cost of products in the respective segments.
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | 4 | | MANAGEMENT OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL RISK (continued) |
|
| 4.2 | | Financial risk (continued) |
|
| 4.2.4 | | Capital management |
|
| | The Group’s objectives when managing capital, which is actual capital, calculated as the difference between admitted assets (defined by CIRC) and the admitted liabilities (defined by CIRC), are to comply with the insurance capital requirements required by the CIRC to meet the minimum capital and safeguard the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern so that it can continue to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders. |
|
| | The Group is also subject to other local capital requirements, such as statutory deposits-restricted requirement and Statutory reserve fund requirement, discussed in detail under Note 8.4 and Note 30, respectively. |
|
| | The Group ensures its continuous and full compliance with the regulations mainly through monitoring quarterly and annual static solvency margin, as well as the dynamic solvency margin, which predicts the solvency margin for the next three years based on different scenarios. It has complied with all the local capital requirements. |
|
| | The table below summarises the solvency ratio of the Company, the regulatory capital held (represented by actual capital) against the minimum required capital (represented by minimum capital). The solvency ratio for the year ended 31 December 2008 was recalculated due to the adoption of MoF new guidance as disclosed in Note 2.1. |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 31 | | | As at 31 | |
| | | December 2009 | | | December 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Actual capital | | | 147,119 | | | | 124,561 | |
| Minimum capital | | | 48,459 | | | | 40,154 | |
| Solvency ratio | | | 304 | % | | | 310 | % |
| | According to “Solvency Regulations of Insurance Companies”, the solvency ratio is computed by dividing the actual capital by the minimum capital. CIRC will closely monitor those insurance companies with solvency ratio less than 100% and may, depending on the individual circumstances, undertake certain regulatory measures, including but not limited to restricting the payment of dividends. Insurance companies with solvency ratio between 100% and 150% would be required to submit and implement plans preventing capital from being inadequate. And Insurance companies with solvency ratio above 100% but significant solvency risk noticed would be required to take necessary rectification action. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the year ended December 31, 2008 | | | |
| | | Individual
life | | | Group life | | | Accident &
Health | | | Corporate
& other | | | Total | | | |
| | | (RMB million) | | | |
Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross written premiums and policy fees | | 121,452 | | | 831 | | | 13,042 | | | — | | | 135,325 | | | |
Gross written premiums | | 108,235 | | | 324 | | | 13,042 | | | — | | | | | | |
—Term Life | | 300 | | | 25 | | | — | | | — | | | | | | |
—Whole Life | | 35,402 | | | 274 | | | — | | | — | | | | | | |
—Endowment | | 45,816 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | | |
—Annuity | | 26,717 | | | 25 | | | — | | | — | | | | | | |
Policy fees | | 13,217 | | | 507 | | | — | | | — | | | | | | |
Net premiums earned and policy fees | | 121,434 | | | 831 | | | 12,385 | | | — | | | 134,650 | | | |
Net investment income | | 40,070 | | | 3,420 | | | 560 | | | — | | | 44,050 | | | |
Net realized losses on financial assets | | (5,927 | ) | | (506 | ) | | (83 | ) | | — | | | (6,516 | ) | | |
Net fair value losses on assets at fair value through income (held-for-trading) | | (6,637 | ) | | (566 | ) | | (93 | ) | | — | | | (7,296 | ) | | |
Other income | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,923 | | | 1,923 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Segment revenues | | 148,940 | | | 3,179 | | | 12,769 | | | 1,923 | | | 166,811 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Benefits, claims and expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Insurance benefits and claims | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Life insurance death and other benefits | | (16,915 | ) | | (862 | ) | | — | | | — | | | (17,777 | ) | | |
Accident and health claims and claim adjustment expenses | | — | | | — | | | (7,553 | ) | | — | | | (7,553 | ) | | |
Increase/decrease in long-term traditional insurance contracts liabilities | | (55,957 | ) | | 676 | | | — | | | — | | | (55,281 | ) | | |
Interest credited to long-term investment type insurance contracts | | (9,185 | ) | | (27 | ) | | — | | | — | | | (9,212 | ) | | |
Interest credited to investment contracts | | — | | | (1,358 | ) | | — | | | — | | | (1,358 | ) | | |
Increase/decrease in deferred income | | (21,187 | ) | | 48 | | | — | | | — | | | (21,139 | ) | | |
Policyholder dividends resulting from participation in profits | | (2,374 | ) | | (118 | ) | | — | | | — | | | (2,492 | ) | | |
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs | | (10,265 | ) | | (469 | ) | | (1,050 | ) | | — | | | (11,784 | ) | | |
Underwriting and policy acquisition costs | | (2,422 | ) | | (14 | ) | | (958 | ) | | — | | | (3,394 | ) | | |
Administrative expenses | | (7,790 | ) | | (434 | ) | | (2,405 | ) | | (1,481 | ) | | (12,110 | ) | | |
Other operating expenses | | (1,429 | ) | | (111 | ) | | (154 | ) | | (197 | ) | | (1,891 | ) | | |
Statutory insurance fund | | (160 | ) | | (11 | ) | | (73 | ) | | — | | | (244 | ) | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Segment benefits, claims and expenses | | (127,684 | ) | | (2,680 | ) | | (12,193 | ) | | (1,678 | ) | | (144,235 | ) | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Share of results of associates | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 228 | | | 228 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Segment results | | 21,256 | | | 499 | | | 576 | | | 473 | | | 22,804 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income tax expenses | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (1,390 | ) | | (1,390 | ) | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net profit/(loss) | | 21,256 | | | 499 | | | 576 | | | (917 | ) | | 21,414 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Attributable to | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
—shareholders of the Company | | 21,256 | | | 499 | | | 576 | | | (1,054 | ) | | 21,277 | | | |
—minority interest | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 137 | | | 137 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized gains/(losses) included in shareholders’ equity | | (31,417 | ) | | (2,682 | ) | | (439 | ) | | 291 | | | (34,247 | ) | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
F-37
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | 4 | | MANAGEMENT OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL RISK (continued) |
|
| 4.3 | | Fair value hierarchy |
|
| | At 31 December 2009, investments classified as Level 1 comprise approximately 41.78% of financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurements classified as Level 1 include certain debt securities, equity securities that are traded in an active exchange market or inter-bank market. The Group considers a combination of certain factors to determine whether a market for a financial instrument is active, including the occurrence of trades within the specific period, the respective trading volume, and the degree which the implied yields for a debt security for observed transactions differs from the Group’s understanding of the current relevant market rates and information. |
|
| | At 31 December 2009, investments classified as Level 2 comprise approximately 57.93% of financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis. They primarily include certain debt securities and equity securities. Valuations are generally obtained from third party pricing services for identical or comparable assets, or through the use of valuation methodologies using observable market inputs, or recent quoted market prices. Valuation service providers typically gather, analyze and interpret information related to market transactions and other key valuation model inputs from multiple sources, and through the use of widely accepted internal valuation models, provide a theoretical quote on various securities. |
|
| | For the years ended 31 December 2009 and 2008, most of these prices obtained from the pricing services are for debt securities issued by the Chinese government and government controlled organizations. These pricing services utilize a discounted cash flow valuation model using market observable inputs, mainly interest rates, to determine a fair value. These debt securities are classified as Level 2. |
|
| | Fair value provide by valuation service providers are subject to a number of validation procedures by management. These procedures include a review of the valuation models utilized and the results of these models, and as well as the recalculation of prices obtained from pricing services at the end of each reporting period. |
|
| | Fair value is based on significant inputs, other than Level 1 quoted price, that are observable for the asset being measured, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset through corroboration with observable market data. Observable inputs generally used to measure the fair value of securities classified as Level 2 include quoted market prices for similar assets in active markets; quoted market prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets and other market observable inputs. |
|
| | Under certain conditions, the Group may not received price from independent third party pricing services. In this instance, the Group may choose to apply internally developed values to the assets being measured. In such cases, the valuations are generally classified as Level 3. Key inputs involved in internal valuation services include, but are not limited to market price from recently completed transactions, interest yield curves, credit spreads, currency rates as well as assumptions made by management based on judgements and experiences. |
|
| | At 31 December 2009, investments classified as Level 3 comprise approximately 0.29% of financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis. They primarily include subordinated debts, certain corporate and government agency bonds and certain equity securities. Prices are determined using valuation methodologies such as discounted cash flow models and other similar techniques. Determinations to classify fair value measures within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy are generally based on the significance of the unobservable factors to the overall fair value measurement, and valuation methodologies such as discounted cash flow models and other similar techniques. |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at December 31, 2008 |
| | | Individual
life | | Group life | | Accident &
Health | | Corporate
& other | | Total |
| | | (RMB million) |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | |
Financial assets | | 833,667 | | 71,159 | | 11,641 | | — | | 916,467 |
Deferred policy acquisition costs | | 55,950 | | 965 | | 1,353 | | — | | 58,268 |
Cash and cash equivalents | | 31,005 | | 2,647 | | 433 | | — | | 34,085 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Segment assets | | 920,622 | | 74,771 | | 13,427 | | — | | 1,008,820 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Unallocated | | | | | | | | | | |
Property, plant and equipment | | | | | | | | | | 18,151 |
Other assets | | | | | | | | | | 17,857 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | | | | | | | 1,044,828 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | |
Insurance contracts | | | | | | | | | | |
Long-term traditional insurance contracts | | 272,265 | | 1,209 | | — | | — | | 273,474 |
Long-term investment type insurance contracts | | 360,661 | | 1,580 | | — | | — | | 362,241 |
Short-term insurance contracts: | | | | | | | | | | |
—reserves for claims and claim adjustment expenses | | — | | — | | 2,629 | | — | | 2,629 |
—unearned premium reserves | | — | | — | | 6,265 | | — | | 6,265 |
| | | | | |
Deferred income | | 73,857 | | 630 | | — | | — | | 74,487 |
| | | | | |
Financial liabilities | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment contracts | | | | | | | | | | |
—with DPF | | — | | 51,713 | | — | | — | | 51,713 |
—without DPF | | — | | 1,516 | | — | | — | | 1,516 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | | 10,361 | | 885 | | 144 | | — | | 11,390 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Segment liabilities | | 717,144 | | 57,533 | | 9,038 | | — | | 783,715 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Unallocated | | | | | | | | | | |
Other liabilities | | | | | | | | | | 79,540 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | | | | | | | 863,255 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
F-38
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | 4 | | MANAGEMENT OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL RISK (continued) |
|
| 4.3 | | Fair value hierarchy (continued) |
|
| | For the accounting policies regarding the determination of the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities, see Note 3.2. |
|
| | The following table presents the Group’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value at 31 December 2009. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Level 1 | | | Level 2 | | | Level 3 | | | Total balance | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Available-for-sale securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| —Equity securities | | | 172,383 | | | | 3,053 | | | | 1,238 | | | | 176,674 | |
| —Debt securities | | | 42,308 | | | | 298,216 | | | | 301 | | | | 340,825 | |
| Securities at fair value through income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| —Equity securities | | | 2,704 | | | | 38 | | | | — | | | | 2,742 | |
| —Debt securities | | | 2,628 | | | | 3,763 | | | | — | | | | 6,391 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | | 220,023 | | | | 305,070 | | | | 1,539 | | | | 526,632 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Investment contracts at fair value through income | | | (52 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (52 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | (52 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (52 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | The following table presents the changes in Level 3 instruments for the year ended 31 December 2009. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Securities at fair value | | | | |
| | | Available-for-sale Securities | | | through income | | | | |
| | | Debt | | | Equity | | | Equity | | | Total | |
| | | securities | | | Securities | | | Securities | | | assets | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Opening balance | | | 385 | | | | 1,007 | | | | 15 | | | | 1,407 | |
| Total gains and losses recognized in | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| — Profit or loss | | | 3 | | | | — | | | | 15 | | | | 18 | |
| — Other comprehensive income/(loss) | | | (3 | ) | | | 127 | | | | — | | | | 124 | |
| Transfer out of Level 3 | | | — | | | | (617 | ) | | | (30 | ) | | | (647 | ) |
| Purchases | | | — | | | | 721 | | | | — | | | | 721 | |
| Settlements | | | (84 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (84 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Closing balance | | | 301 | | | | 1,238 | | | | — | | | | 1,539 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total gains for the period included in income for assets and liabilities held at the end of the reporting period | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | In 2009, the Group transferred certain debt and equity securities between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3. This was due to the change in the availability of market observable inputs. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | For the year ended December 31, 2007 |
| | | | | Individual
life | | | Group
life | | | Accident &
Health | | | Corporate
& other | | | Total | | | |
| | | | | (RMB million) |
Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross written premiums and policy fees | | | | 98,484 | | | 1,503 | | | 11,899 | | | — | | | 111,886 | | | |
Gross written premiums | | | | 91,420 | | | 876 | | | 11,899 | | | — | | | | | | |
—Term Life | | | | 175 | | | 9 | | | — | | | — | | | | | | |
—Whole Life | | | | 31,943 | | | 678 | | | — | | | — | | | | | | |
—Endowment | | | | 40,278 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | | |
—Annuity | | | | 19,024 | | | 189 | | | — | | | — | | | | | | |
Policy fees | | | | 7,064 | | | 627 | | | — | | | — | | | | | | |
Net premiums earned and policy fees | | | | 98,470 | | | 1,503 | | | 11,431 | | | — | | | 111,404 | | | |
Net investment income | | | | 39,489 | | | 3,902 | | | 629 | | | — | | | 44,020 | | | |
Net realized gains on financial assets | | | | 13,801 | | | 1,364 | | | 220 | | | — | | | 15,385 | | | |
Net fair value gains on assets at fair value through income (held-for-trading) | | | | 16,904 | | | 1,670 | | | 269 | | | — | | | 18,843 | | | |
Other income | | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,720 | | | 1,720 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Segment revenues | | | | 168,664 | | | 8,439 | | | 12,549 | | | 1,720 | | | 191,372 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Benefits, claims and expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Insurance benefits and claims | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Life insurance death and other benefits | | | | (16,463 | ) | | (967 | ) | | — | | | — | | | (17,430 | ) | | |
Accident and health claims and claim adjustment expenses | | | | — | | | — | | | (6,343 | ) | | — | | | (6,343 | ) | | |
Increase/decrease in long-term traditional insurance contracts liabilities | | | | (45,370 | ) | | 36 | | | — | | | — | | | (45,334 | ) | | |
Interest credited to long-term investment type insurance contracts | | | | (7,157 | ) | | (24 | ) | | — | | | — | | | (7,181 | ) | | |
Interest credited to investment contracts | | | | — | | | (1,138 | ) | | — | | | — | | | (1,138 | ) | | |
Increase in deferred income | | | | (9,828 | ) | | (31 | ) | | — | | | — | | | (9,859 | ) | | |
Policyholder dividends resulting from participation in profits | | | | (25,729 | ) | | (3,522 | ) | | — | | | — | | | (29,251 | ) | | |
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs | | | | (12,182 | ) | | (485 | ) | | (794 | ) | | — | | | (13,461 | ) | | |
Underwriting and policy acquisition costs | | | | (2,013 | ) | | (6 | ) | | (703 | ) | | (3 | ) | | (2,725 | ) | | |
Administrative expenses | | | | (7,214 | ) | | (606 | ) | | (2,192 | ) | | (1,786 | ) | | (11,798 | ) | | |
Other operating expenses | | | | (1,343 | ) | | (132 | ) | | (106 | ) | | (70 | ) | | (1,651 | ) | | |
Statutory insurance fund | | | | (163 | ) | | (1 | ) | | (55 | ) | | — | | | (219 | ) | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Segment benefits, claims and expenses | | | | (127,462 | ) | | (6,876 | ) | | (10,193 | ) | | (1,859 | ) | | (146,390 | ) | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Share of results of associates | | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 409 | | | 409 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Segment results | | | | 41,202 | | | 1,563 | | | 2,356 | | | 270 | | | 45,391 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income tax expenses | | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (6,331 | ) | | (6,331 | ) | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net profit/(loss) | | | | 41,202 | | | 1,563 | | | 2,356 | | | (6,061 | ) | | 39,060 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Attributable to: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
—shareholders of the Company | | | | 41,202 | | | 1,563 | | | 2,356 | | | (6,242 | ) | | 38,879 | | | |
—minority interest | | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 181 | | | 181 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealised gains/(losses) included in shareholders’ equity | | | | 27,758 | | | 2,743 | | | 442 | | | (30 | ) | | 30,913 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
F-39
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | 5 | | SEGMENT INFORMATION |
|
| 5.1 | | Operating segments |
|
| | The Group operates in four operating segments: |
|
| (i) | | Individual life insurance business |
|
| | Individual life insurance business relates primarily to the sale of long-term life insurance contracts and universal life contracts to individuals and assumed individual reinsurance contracts. |
|
| (ii) | | Group life insurance business |
|
| | Group life insurance business relates primarily to the sale of insurance contracts and investment contracts to group entities. |
|
| (iii) | | Short-term insurance business |
|
| | Short-term insurance business relates primarily to the sale of short-term insurance contracts. |
|
| (iv) | | Corporate and other business |
|
| | Corporate and other business relates primarily to income, tax expenses and allocated costs of insurance agency business in respect of the provision of the services to CLIC, as described in Note 28, share of results of associates, income and expenses of subsidiaries, unallocated incomes and expenditures of the Group. |
|
| 5.2 | | Allocation basis of income and expenses |
|
| | Investment income, net realised gains or losses on financial assets, net fair value gains or losses on assets at fair value through income and foreign exchange losses within other operating expenses are allocated among segments in proportion to each respective segment’s average liabilities of insurance contracts and investment contracts at the beginning and end of the year. Administrative expenses and certain other operating expenses are allocated among segments in proportion to the unit cost of products in the respective segments. Except for those arising from investment contracts presented in corresponding segments, other income and other operating expenses are presented in “Corporate & Other” directly. |
|
| 5.3 | | Allocation basis of assets and liabilities |
|
| | Financial assets and securities sold under agreements to repurchase are allocated among segments in proportion to each respective segment’s average liabilities of insurance contracts and investment contracts at the beginning and end of the year. Insurance liabilities are presented among segments respectively. |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at December 31, 2007 |
| | | Individual
life | | Group
life | | Accident &
Health | | Corporate
& other | | Total |
| | | (RMB million) |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | |
Financial assets | | 748,831 | | 73,988 | | 11,930 | | — | | 834,749 |
Deferred policy acquisition costs | | 39,037 | | 764 | | 1,050 | | — | | 40,851 |
Cash and cash equivalents | | 22,711 | | 2,244 | | 362 | | — | | 25,317 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Segment assets | | 810,579 | | 76,996 | | 13,342 | | — | | 900,917 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Unallocated | | | | | | | | | | |
Property, plant and equipment | | | | | | | | | | 16,771 |
Other assets | | | | | | | | | | 16,016 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | | | | | | | 933,704 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | |
Insurance contracts | | | | | | | | | | |
Long-term traditional insurance contracts | | 216,280 | | 1,885 | | — | | — | | 218,165 |
Long-term investment type insurance contracts | | 283,520 | | 1,068 | | — | | — | | 284,588 |
Short-term insurance contracts: | | | | | | | | | | |
—reserves for claims and claim adjustment expenses | | — | | — | | 2,391 | | — | | 2,391 |
—unearned premium reserves | | — | | — | | 5,728 | | — | | 5,728 |
| | | | | |
Deferred income | | 47,761 | | 547 | | — | | — | | 48,308 |
| | | | | |
Financial liabilities | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment contracts | | | | | | | | | | |
—with DPF | | — | | 49,068 | | — | | — | | 49,068 |
—without DPF | | — | | 2,234 | | — | | — | | 2,234 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | | 90 | | 9 | | 1 | | — | | 100 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Segment liabilities | | 547,651 | | 54,811 | | 8,120 | | — | | 610,582 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Unallocated | | | | | | | | | | |
Other liabilities | | | | | | | | | | 116,746 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | | | | | | | 727,328 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
F-40
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | 5 | | SEGMENT INFORMATION (continued) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the year ended 31 December 2009 | |
| | | Individual | | | Group | | | Short- | | | Corporate | | | | | | | |
| | | life | | | life | | | term | | | & other | | | Elimination | | | Total | |
| | | (RMB million) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Gross written premiums | | | 261,715 | | | | 190 | | | | 14,065 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 275,970 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| - Term Life | | | 805 | | | | 112 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | | |
| - Whole Life | | | 37,860 | | | | 60 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | | |
| - Endowment | | | 184,841 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | | |
| - Annuity | | | 38,209 | | | | 18 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net premiums earned | | | 261,694 | | | | 189 | | | | 13,194 | | | | | | | | — | | | | 275,077 | |
| Investment income | | | 35,693 | | | | 2,614 | | | | 408 | | | | 175 | | | | — | | | | 38,890 | |
| Net realised gains on financial assets | | | 19,522 | | | | 1,430 | | | | 222 | | | | 70 | | | | — | | | | 21,244 | |
| Net fair value gains on assets at fair value through income | | | 1,330 | | | | 97 | | | | 16 | | | | 6 | | | | — | | | | 1,449 | |
| Other income | | | 283 | | | | 331 | | | | — | | | | 2,586 | | | | (570 | ) | | | 2,630 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| including: inter-segment revenue | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 570 | | | | (570 | ) | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Segment revenues | | | 318,522 | | | | 4,661 | | | | 13,840 | | | | 2,837 | | | | (570 | ) | | | 339,290 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Benefits, claims and expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Insurance benefits and claims | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Life insurance death and other benefits | | | (74,416 | ) | | | (442 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (74,858 | ) |
| Accident and health claims and claim adjustment expenses | | | — | | | | — | | | | (7,808 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (7,808 | ) |
| Increase in insurance contracts liabilities | | (154,552) | | | 180 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (154,372 | ) |
| Investment contract benefits | | | (560 | ) | | | (1,582 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (2,142 | ) |
| Policyholder dividends resulting from participation in profits | | | (13,181 | ) | | | (1,306 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (14,487 | ) |
| Underwriting and policy acquisition costs | | | (20,881 | ) | | | (113 | ) | | | (1,877 | ) | | | (65 | ) | | | — | | | | (22,936 | ) |
| Administrative expenses | | | (13,057 | ) | | | (779 | ) | | | (3,236 | ) | | | (1,647 | ) | | | — | | | | (18,719 | ) |
| Other operating expenses | | | (1,702 | ) | | | (131 | ) | | | (387 | ) | | | (740 | ) | | | 570 | | | | (2,390 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| including: Inter-segment expenses | | | (504 | ) | | | (37 | ) | | | (6 | ) | | | (23 | ) | | | 570 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Statutory insurance fund | | | (404 | ) | | | (21 | ) | | | (112 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (537 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Segment benefits, claims and expenses | | | (278,753 | ) | | | (4,194 | ) | | | (13,420 | ) | | | (2,452 | ) | | | 570 | | | | (298,249 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Share of results of associates | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 704 | | | | — | | | | 704 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Segment results | | | 39,769 | | | | 467 | | | | 420 | | | | 1,089 | | | | — | | | | 41,745 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Income tax expenses | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (8,709 | ) | | | — | | | | (8,709 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net profit/(loss) | | | 39,769 | | | | 467 | | | | 420 | | | | (7,620 | ) | | | — | | | | 33,036 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Attributable to | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| - shareholders of the Company | | | 39,769 | | | | 467 | | | | 420 | | | | (7,775 | ) | | | — | | | | 32,881 | |
| - minority interests | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 155 | | | | — | | | | 155 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealised gains/(losses) included in shareholder’s equity | | | 9,953 | | | | 729 | | | | 113 | | | | (50 | ) | | | — | | | | 10,745 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Depreciation and amortisation | | | 1,169 | | | | 69 | | | | 289 | | | | 33 | | | | — | | | | 1,560 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | For the year ended December 31, 2006 | | | |
| | | | | Individual
life | | | Group life | | | Accident &
Health | | | Corporate
& other | | | Total | | | |
| | | | | (RMB million) | | | |
Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross written premiums and policy fees | | | | 86,587 | | | 1,740 | | | 11,090 | | | — | | | 99,417 | | | |
Gross written premiums | | | | 80,086 | | | 1,144 | | | 11,090 | | | — | | | | | | |
—Term Life | | | | 177 | | | 26 | | | — | | | — | | | | | | |
—Whole Life | | | | 28,079 | | | 886 | | | — | | | — | | | | | | |
—Endowment | | | | 43,583 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | | |
—Annuity | | | | 8,247 | | | 232 | | | — | | | — | | | | | | |
Policy fees | | | | 6,501 | | | 596 | | | — | | | — | | | | | | |
Net premiums earned and policy fees | | | | 86,519 | | | 1,735 | | | 10,593 | | | — | | | 98,847 | | | |
Net investment income | | | | 22,215 | | | 2,462 | | | 265 | | | — | | | 24,942 | | | |
Net realized gains on financial assets | | | | 1,421 | | | 157 | | | 17 | | | — | | | 1,595 | | | |
Net fair value gains on assets at fair value through income (held-for-trading) | | | | 17,852 | | | 1,979 | | | 213 | | | — | | | 20,044 | | | |
Other income | | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,883 | | | 1,883 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Segment revenues | | | | 128,007 | | | 6,333 | | | 11,088 | | | 1,883 | | | 147,311 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Benefits, claims and expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Insurance benefits and claims | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Life insurance death and other benefits | | | | (10,125 | ) | | (672 | ) | | — | | | — | | | (10,797 | ) | | |
Accident and health claims and claim adjustment expenses | | | | — | | | — | | | (6,999 | ) | | — | | | (6,999 | ) | | |
Increase in long-term traditional insurance contracts liabilities | | | | (43,915 | ) | | (323 | ) | | — | | | — | | | (44,238 | ) | | |
Interest credited to long-term investment type insurance contracts | | | | (6,365 | ) | | (21 | ) | | — | | | — | | | (6,386 | ) | | |
Interest credited to investment contracts | | | | — | | | (996 | ) | | — | | | — | | | (996 | ) | | |
Increase in deferred income | | | | (11,307 | ) | | (300 | ) | | — | | | — | | | (11,607 | ) | | |
Policyholder dividends resulting from participation in profits | | | | (15,536 | ) | | (2,081 | ) | | — | | | — | | | (17,617 | ) | | |
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs | | | | (9,391 | ) | | (265 | ) | | (603 | ) | | — | | | (10,259 | ) | | |
Underwriting and policy acquisition costs | | | | (1,822 | ) | | (40 | ) | | (553 | ) | | — | | | (2,415 | ) | | |
Administrative expenses | | | | (5,109 | ) | | (699 | ) | | (1,855 | ) | | (1,676 | ) | | (9,339 | ) | | |
Other operating expenses | | | | (629 | ) | | (71 | ) | | (21 | ) | | (138 | ) | | (859 | ) | | |
Statutory insurance fund | | | | (145 | ) | | (1 | ) | | (48 | ) | | — | | | (194 | ) | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Segment benefits, claims and expenses | | | | (104,344 | ) | | (5,469 | ) | | (10,079 | ) | | (1,814 | ) | | (121,706 | ) | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Segment results | | | | 23,663 | | | 864 | | | 1,009 | | | 69 | | | 25,605 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income tax expenses | | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (5,554 | ) | | (5,554 | ) | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net profit/(loss) | | | | 23,663 | | | 864 | | | 1,009 | | | (5,485 | ) | | 20,051 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Attributable to | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
—shareholders of the Company | | | | 23,663 | | | 864 | | | 1,009 | | | (5,580 | ) | | 19,956 | | | |
—minority interest | | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 95 | | | 95 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized gains included in shareholders’ equity | | | | 11,452 | | | 1,270 | | | 137 | | | — | | | 12,859 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
F-41
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | 5 | | SEGMENT INFORMATION (continued) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 31 December 2009 | |
| | | Individual | | | Group | | | Short- | | | Corporate | | | | | | | |
| | | life | | | life | | | term | | | & other | | | Elimination | | | Total | |
| | | (RMB million) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Financial assets | | | 1,056,319 | | | | 76,351 | | | | 11,877 | | | | 5,609 | | | | — | | | | 1,150,156 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | | | 32,808 | | | | 2,401 | | | | 373 | | | | 615 | | | | — | | | | 36,197 | |
| Other | | | 701 | | | | — | | | | 114 | | | | 8,470 | | | | — | | | | 9,285 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Segment assets | | | 1,089,828 | | | | 78,752 | | | | 12,364 | | | | 14,694 | | | | — | | | | 1,195,638 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unallocated | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Property, plant and equipment | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 17,467 | |
| Other | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 13,152 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,226,257 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Insurance contracts | | | 808,591 | | | | 632 | | | | 8,941 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 818,164 | |
| Financial liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Investment contracts | | | 14,579 | | | | 52,747 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 67,326 | |
| Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | | | 30,250 | | | | 2,215 | | | | 345 | | | | 743 | | | | — | | | | 33,553 | |
| Other | | | 120 | | | | 436 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 556 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Segment liabilities | | | 853,540 | | | | 56,030 | | | | 9,286 | | | | 743 | | | | — | | | | 919,599 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unallocated | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Other | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 93,882 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,013,481 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
6 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENTF-42
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 2008 | |
| | | Buildings | | | Office
equipment,
furniture and
fixtures | | | Motor
vehicles | | | Assets under
construction | | | Leasehold
improvements | | | Total | |
| | | RMB
million | | | RMB million | | | RMB
million | | | RMB
million | | | RMB million | | | RMB
million | |
Cost | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at January 1, 2008 | | 14,502 | | | 3,848 | | | 2,027 | | | 2,594 | | | 333 | | | 23,304 | |
Additions | | 566 | | | 752 | | | 203 | | | 898 | | | 369 | | | 2,788 | |
Disposals | | (87 | ) | | (309 | ) | | (186 | ) | | (52 | ) | | (11 | ) | | (645 | ) |
Transfers upon completion | | 416 | | | — | | | — | | | (416 | ) | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at December 31, 2008 | | 15,397 | | | 4,291 | | | 2,044 | | | 3,024 | | | 691 | | | 25,447 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accumulated depreciation and impairment | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at January 1, 2008 | | (2,904 | ) | | (2,100 | ) | | (1,370 | ) | | — | | | (159 | ) | | (6,533 | ) |
Charges for the year | | (468 | ) | | (531 | ) | | (148 | ) | | — | | | (94 | ) | | (1,241 | ) |
Impairment loss | | (9 | ) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (9 | ) |
Disposals | | 28 | | | 275 | | | 174 | | | — | | | 10 | | | 487 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at December 31, 2008 | | (3,353 | ) | | (2,356 | ) | | (1,344 | ) | | — | | | (243 | ) | | (7,296 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net book value | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at January 1, 2008 | | 11,598 | | | 1,748 | | | 657 | | | 2,594 | | | 174 | | | 16,771 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at December 31, 2008 | | 12,044 | | | 1,935 | | | 700 | | | 3,024 | | | 448 | | | 18,151 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| |
| | | 2007 | |
| | | Buildings | | | Office
equipment,
furniture and
fixtures | | | Motor
vehicles | | | Assets under
construction | | | Leasehold
improvements | | | Total | |
| | RMB
million | | | RMB million | | | RMB
million | | | RMB
million | | | RMB million | | | RMB
million | |
Cost | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at January 1, 2007 | | 12,925 | | | 3,210 | | | 1,815 | | | 2,160 | | | 218 | | | 20,328 | |
Additions | | 1,014 | | | 789 | | | 310 | | | 1,190 | | | 122 | | | 3,425 | |
Disposals | | (51 | ) | | (151 | ) | | (98 | ) | | (142 | ) | | (7 | ) | | (449 | ) |
Transfers upon completion | | 614 | | | — | | | — | | | 614 | | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at December 31, 2007 | | 14,502 | | | 3,848 | | | 2,027 | | | 2,594 | | | 333 | | | 23,304 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accumulated depreciation and impairment | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at January 1, 2007 | | (2,509 | ) | | (1,800 | ) | | (1,337 | ) | | — | | | (117 | ) | | (5,763 | ) |
Charges for the year | | (408 | ) | | (446 | ) | | (124 | ) | | — | | | (42 | ) | | (1,020 | ) |
Disposals | | 13 | | | 146 | | | 91 | | | — | | | — | | | 250 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at December 31, 2007 | | (2,904 | ) | | (2,100 | ) | | (1,370 | ) | | — | | | (159 | ) | | (6,533 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net book value | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at January 1, 2007 | | 10,416 | | | 1,410 | | | 478 | | | 2,160 | | | 101 | | | 14,565 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at December 31, 2007 | | 11,598 | | | 1,748 | | | 657 | | | 2,594 | | | 174 | | | 16,771 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | 5 | | SEGMENT INFORMATION (continued) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the year ended 31 December 2008 | |
| | | Individual | | | Group | | | Short- | | | Corporate | | | | | | | |
| | | life | | | life | | | term | | | & other | | | Elimination | | | Total | |
| | | (RMB million) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Gross written premiums | | | 252,130 | | | | 340 | | | | 13,186 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 265,656 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| - Term Life | | | 308 | | | | 25 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | | |
| - Whole Life | | | 35,421 | | | | 274 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | | |
| - Endowment | | | 188,099 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | | |
| - Annuity | | | 28,302 | | | | 41 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net premiums earned | | | 252,113 | | | | 339 | | | | 12,725 | | | | | | | | — | | | | 265,177 | |
| Investment income | | | 40,407 | | | | 3,699 | | | | 524 | | | | 316 | | | | — | | | | 44,946 | |
| Net realised losses on financial assets | | | (5,355 | ) | | | (490 | ) | | | (69 | ) | | | (50 | ) | | | — | | | | (5,964 | ) |
| Net fair value losses on assets at fair value through income | | | (6,382 | ) | | | (584 | ) | | | (83 | ) | | | (145 | ) | | | — | | | | (7,194 | ) |
| Other income | | | 605 | | | | 683 | | | | | | | | 2,513 | | | | (381 | ) | | | 3,420 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| including: inter-segment revenue | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 381 | | | | (381 | ) | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Segment revenues | | | 281,388 | | | | 3,647 | | | | 13,097 | | | | 2,634 | | | | (381 | ) | | | 300,385 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Benefits, claims and expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Insurance benefits and claims | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Life insurance death and other benefits | | | (88,507 | ) | | | (1,152 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (89,659 | ) |
| Accident and health claims and claim adjustment expenses | | | — | | | | — | | | | (7,641 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (7,641 | ) |
| Increase in insurance contracts liabilities | | (135,298) | | | 649 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (134,649 | ) |
| Investment contract benefits | | | (224 | ) | | | (1,707 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (1,931 | ) |
| Policyholder dividends resulting from participation in profits | | | (1,589 | ) | | | (82 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (1,671 | ) |
| Underwriting and policy acquisition costs | | | (22,127 | ) | | | (212 | ) | | | (1,848 | ) | | | (13 | ) | | | — | | | | (24,200 | ) |
| Administrative expenses | | | (11,347 | ) | | | (761 | ) | | | (2,614 | ) | | | (1,930 | ) | | | — | | | | (16,652 | ) |
| Other operating expenses | | | (2,826 | ) | | | (273 | ) | | | (263 | ) | | | (428 | ) | | | 381 | | | | (3,409 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| including: Inter-segment expenses | | | (212 | ) | | | (19 | ) | | | (3 | ) | | | (147 | ) | | | 381 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Statutory insurance fund | | | (395 | ) | | | (28 | ) | | | (135 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (558 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Segment benefits, claims and expenses | | | (262,313 | ) | | | (3,566 | ) | | | (12,501 | ) | | | (2,371 | ) | | | 381 | | | | (280,370 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Share of results of associates | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (56 | ) | | | — | | | | (56 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Segment results | | | 19,075 | | | | 81 | | | | 596 | | | | 207 | | | | — | | | | 19,959 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Income tax expenses | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (685 | ) | | | — | | | | (685 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net profit/(loss) | | | 19,075 | | | | 81 | | | | 596 | | | | (478 | ) | | | — | | | | 19,274 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Attributable to | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| - shareholders of the Company | | | 19,075 | | | | 81 | | | | 596 | | | | (615 | ) | | | — | | | | 19,137 | |
| - minority interests | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 137 | | | | — | | | | 137 | |
Unrealised gains/(losses) included in shareholder’s equity | | | (30,457 | ) | | | (2,788 | ) | | | (395 | ) | | | 188 | | | | — | | | | (33,452 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Depreciation and amortisation | | | 1,014 | | | | 68 | | | | 248 | | | | 28 | | | | — | | | | 1,358 | |
7 DEFERRED POLICY ACQUISITION COSTSF-43
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
Gross | | | | | | | | | |
As at 1 January | | 40,861 | | | 39,245 | | | 37,841 | |
Acquisition costs deferred | | 25,240 | | | 17,490 | | | 15,929 | |
Amortization charged through income | | (11,794 | ) | | (13,476 | ) | | (10,359 | ) |
Amortization charged through equity | | 3,971 | | | (2,398 | ) | | (4,166 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
As at 31 December | | 58,278 | | | 40,861 | | | 39,245 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Ceded | | | | | | | | | |
As at 1 January | | (10 | ) | | (15 | ) | | (100 | ) |
Acquisition costs deferred | | (10 | ) | | (10 | ) | | (15 | ) |
Amortization charged through income | | 10 | | | 15 | | | 100 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
As at 31 December | | (10 | ) | | (10 | ) | | (15 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
Net | | | | | | | | | |
As at 1 January | | 40,851 | | | 39,230 | | | 37,741 | |
Acquisition costs deferred | | 25,230 | | | 17,480 | | | 15,914 | |
Amortization charged through income | | (11,784 | ) | | (13,461 | ) | | (10,259 | ) |
Amortization charged through equity | | 3,971 | | | (2,398 | ) | | (4,166 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
As at 31 December | | 58,268 | | | 40,851 | | | 39,230 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
DAC excluding unrealized gains | | 61,308 | | | 47,862 | | | 43,843 | |
DAC recorded in unrealized losses | | (3,040 | ) | | (7,011 | ) | | (4,613 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total | | 58,268 | | | 40,851 | | | 39,230 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Current | | 1,353 | | | 1,050 | | | 794 | |
Non-current | | 56,915 | | | 39,801 | | | 38,436 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total | | 58,268 | | | 40,851 | | | 39,230 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
8 INVESTMENTS IN ASSOCIATES
| | | | | |
| | | 2008 | | 2007 | |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million | |
As at 1 January | | 6,450 | | 6,071 | |
Additional capital contribution to China Life Property & Casualty Insurance Company Limited (“CLP&C”) (Note 29(b)) | | 1,200 | | — | |
Investment in China Life Insurance Brokers (“CIB”) | | 7 | | — | |
Share of results | | 228 | | 409 | |
Other equity movements (Note 31) | | 291 | | (30 | ) |
| | | | | |
As at 31 December | | 8,176 | | 6,450 | |
| | | | | |
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | 5 | | SEGMENT INFORMATION (continued) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 31 December 2008 | |
| | | Individual | | | Group | | | Short- | | | Corporate | | | | | | | |
| | | life | | | life | | | term | | | & other | | | Elimination | | | Total | |
| | | (RMB million) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Financial assets | | | 827,033 | | | | 74,923 | | | | 10,606 | | | | 3,905 | | | | — | | | | 916,467 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | | | 30,724 | | | | 2,812 | | | | 398 | | | | 151 | | | | — | | | | 34,085 | |
| Other | | | 698 | | | | — | | | | 77 | | | | 7,891 | | | | — | | | | 8,666 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Segment assets | | | 858,455 | | | | 77,735 | | | | 11,081 | | | | 11,947 | | | | — | | | | 959,218 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unallocated | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Property, plant and equipment | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 16,720 | |
| Other | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 11,555 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 987,493 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Insurance contracts | | | 654,037 | | | | 811 | | | | 8,017 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 662,865 | |
| Financial Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Investment contracts | | | 10,928 | | | | 54,135 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 65,063 | |
| Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | | | 10,141 | | | | 928 | | | | 131 | | | | 190 | | | | — | | | | 11,390 | |
| Other | | | 48 | | | | 237 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 285 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Segment liabilities | | | 675,154 | | | | 56,111 | | | | 8,148 | | | | 190 | | | | — | | | | 739,603 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unallocated | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Other | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 73,019 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 812,622 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The Group’s share in investments in associates is as follows:F-44
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Name | | Country of
incorporation | | Assets | | Liabilities | | Revenues | | Profit/
(Loss) | | | Interest
held | |
| | | | | (RMB million) | | | | |
Guangdong Development Bank (“GDB”) | | PRC | | 90,584 | | 84,419 | | 2,534 | | 544 | | | 20 | % |
CLP&C | | PRC | | 641 | | 356 | | 81 | | (135 | ) | | 40 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total as at December 31, 2007 | | | | 91,225 | | 84,775 | | 2,615 | | 409 | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
GDB | | PRC | | 112,252 | | 105,283 | | 3,542 | | 559 | | | 20 | % |
CLP&C | | PRC | | 3,931 | | 2,731 | | 1,300 | | (331 | ) | | 40 | % |
CIB | | PRC | | 7 | | — | | — | | — | | | 49 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total as at December 31, 2008 | | | | 116,190 | | 108,014 | | 4,842 | | 228 | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
9 FINANCIAL ASSETS
9.1 Held-to-maturity securities
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | Amortized
cost | | Gross
unrealized gains | | Gross
unrealized losses | | | Estimated
fair value |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million | | RMB million | | | RMB million |
As at December 31, 2008 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Debt securities | | | | | | | | | |
Government bonds | | 102,688 | | 9,996 | | (3 | ) | | 112,681 |
Government agency bonds | | 79,400 | | 5,235 | | (77 | ) | | 84,558 |
Corporate bonds | | 3,267 | | 227 | | — | | | 3,494 |
Subordinated bonds/debts | | 26,574 | | 1,291 | | — | | | 27,865 |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total | | 211,929 | | 16,749 | | (80 | ) | | 228,598 |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
| | | Amortized
cost | | Gross
unrealized gains | | Gross
unrealized losses | | | Estimated
fair value |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million | | RMB million | | | RMB million |
As at December 31, 2007 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Debt securities | | | | | | | | | |
Government bonds | | 96,786 | | 1,228 | | (1,780 | ) | | 96,234 |
Government agency bonds | | 71,273 | | 1,110 | | (4,303 | ) | | 68,080 |
Corporate bonds | | 3,272 | | 171 | | (40 | ) | | 3,403 |
Subordinated bonds/debts | | 24,372 | | 62 | | (562 | ) | | 23,872 |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total | | 195,703 | | 2,571 | | (6,685 | ) | | 191,589 |
| | | | | | | | | |
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | 6 | | PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 2009 | |
| | | | | | | Office | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | equipment | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | furniture and | | | Motor | | | Assets under | | | Leasehold | | | | |
| | | Buildings | | | fixtures | | | vehicles | | | construction | | | improvements | | | Total | |
| | | (RMB Million) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cost | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| As at 1 January 2009 | | | 13,397 | | | | 4,092 | | | | 1,853 | | | | 3,024 | | | | 691 | | | | 23,057 | |
| Transfers upon completion | | | 560 | | | | 6 | | | | — | | | | (607 | ) | | | 41 | | | | — | |
| Additions | | | 190 | | | | 750 | | | | 157 | | | | 1,520 | | | | 78 | | | | 2,695 | |
| Disposals | | | (75 | ) | | | (213 | ) | | | (164 | ) | | | (401 | ) | | | (18 | ) | | | (871 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at 31 December 2009 | | | 14,072 | | | | 4,635 | | | | 1,846 | | | | 3,536 | | | | 792 | | | | 24,881 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accumulated depreciation | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| As at 1 January 2009 | | | (2,789 | ) | | | (2,157 | ) | | | (1,116 | ) | | | — | | | | (243 | ) | | | (6,305 | ) |
| Additions | | | (502 | ) | | | (598 | ) | | | (175 | ) | | | — | | | | (139 | ) | | | (1,414 | ) |
| Disposals | | | 15 | | | | 168 | | | | 142 | | | | — | | | | 10 | | | | 335 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at 31 December 2009 | | | (3,276 | ) | | | (2,587 | ) | | | (1,149 | ) | | | — | | | | (372 | ) | | | (7,384 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Impairment | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| As at 1 January 2009 | | | (32 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (32 | ) |
| Additions | | | (1 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (1 | ) |
| Disposals | | | 3 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at 31 December 2009 | | | (30 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (30 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net book value | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| As at 1 January 2009 | | | 10,576 | | | | 1,935 | | | | 737 | | | | 3,024 | | | | 448 | | | | 16,720 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at 31 December 2009 | | | 10,766 | | | | 2,048 | | | | 697 | | | | 3,536 | | | | 420 | | | | 17,467 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | Amortized cost | | Estimated fair value |
Contractual maturity schedule | | As at
December 31,
2008 | | As at
December 31,
2007 | | As at
December 31,
2008 | | As at
December 31,
2007 |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million | | RMB million | | RMB million |
Maturing: | | | | | | | | |
Within one year | | 24,107 | | 2,896 | | 24,493 | | 2,921 |
After one year but within five years | | 28,445 | | 50,059 | | 30,340 | | 50,861 |
After five years but within ten years | | 55,866 | | 52,508 | | 61,701 | | 52,835 |
After ten years | | 103,511 | | 90,240 | | 112,064 | | 84,972 |
| | | | | | | | |
Total | | 211,929 | | 195,703 | | 228,598 | | 191,589 |
| | | | | | | | |
9.2 Available-for-sale securitiesF-45
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | Amortized
cost/Cost | | Gross
unrealized
gains | | Gross
unrealized
losses | | | Estimated
fair value |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million | | RMB million | | | RMB million |
As at December 31, 2008 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Debt securities | | | | | | | | | |
Government bonds | | 73,130 | | 7,066 | | (190 | ) | | 80,006 |
Government agency bonds | | 180,135 | | 11,496 | | (510 | ) | | 191,121 |
Corporate bonds | | 64,388 | | 3,504 | | (387 | ) | | 67,505 |
Subordinated bonds/debts | | 17,265 | | 366 | | (43 | ) | | 17,588 |
| | | | | | | | | |
Subtotal | | 334,918 | | 22,432 | | (1,130 | ) | | 356,220 |
| | | | | | | | | |
Equity securities | | | | | | | | | |
Funds | | 32,313 | | 2,331 | | (4,754 | ) | | 29,890 |
Common stocks | | 38,132 | | 7,091 | | (6,394 | ) | | 38,829 |
Subtotal | | 70,445 | | 9,422 | | (11,148 | ) | | 68,719 |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total | | 405,363 | | 31,854 | | (12,278 | ) | | 424,939 |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
| | | Amortized
Cost/Cost | | Gross
unrealized
gains | | Gross
unrealized
losses | | | Estimated
fair value |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million | | RMB million | | | RMB million |
As at December 31, 2007 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Debt securities | | | | | | | | | |
Government bonds | | 83,137 | | 183 | | (2,732 | ) | | 80,588 |
Government agency bonds | | 111,906 | | 686 | | (5,438 | ) | | 107,154 |
Corporate bonds | | 46,464 | | 120 | | (2,842 | ) | | 43,742 |
Subordinated bonds/debts | | 10,462 | | 156 | | (720 | ) | | 9,898 |
| | | | | | | | | |
Subtotal | | 251,969 | | 1,145 | | (11,732 | ) | | 241,382 |
| | | | | | | | | |
Equity securities | | | | | | | | | |
Funds | | 37,513 | | 23,328 | | (217 | ) | | 60,624 |
Common stocks | | 51,714 | | 64,115 | | (320 | ) | | 115,509 |
| | | | | | | | | |
Subtotal | | 89,227 | | 87,443 | | (537 | ) | | 176,133 |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total | | 341,196 | | 88,588 | | (12,269 | ) | | 417,515 |
| | | | | | | | | |
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | 6 | | PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT(Continued) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | Office | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | equipment | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | furniture and | | | Motor | | | Assets under | | | Leasehold | | | | |
| | | Buildings | | | fixtures | | | vehicles | | | construction | | | improvements | | | Total | |
| | | (RMB Million) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cost | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| As at 1 January 2008 | | | 12,655 | | | | 3,617 | | | | 1,815 | | | | 2,594 | | | | 333 | | | | 21,014 | |
| Transfers upon completion | | | 416 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (416 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
| Additions | | | 439 | | | | 752 | | | | 203 | | | | 898 | | | | 369 | | | | 2,661 | |
| Disposals | | | (113 | ) | | | (277 | ) | | | (165 | ) | | | (52 | ) | | | (11 | ) | | | (618 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at 31 December 2008 | | | 13,397 | | | | 4,092 | | | | 1,853 | | | | 3,024 | | | | 691 | | | | 23,057 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accumulated depreciation | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| As at 1 January 2008 | | | (2,374 | ) | | | (1,865 | ) | | | (1,097 | ) | | | — | | | | (159 | ) | | | (5,495 | ) |
| Additions | | | (444 | ) | | | (531 | ) | | | (175 | ) | | | — | | | | (94 | ) | | | (1,244 | ) |
| Disposals | | | 29 | | | | 239 | | | | 156 | | | | — | | | | 10 | | | | 434 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at 31 December 2008 | | | (2,789 | ) | | | (2,157 | ) | | | (1,116 | ) | | | — | | | | (243 | ) | | | (6,305 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Impairment | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| As at 1 January 2008 | | | (13 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (13 | ) |
| Additions | | | (24 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (24 | ) |
| Disposals | | | 5 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at 31 December 2008 | | | (32 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (32 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net book value | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| As at 1 January 2008 | | | 10,268 | | | | 1,752 | | | | 718 | | | | 2,594 | | | | 174 | | | | 15,506 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at 31 December 2008 | | | 10,576 | | | | 1,935 | | | | 737 | | | | 3,024 | | | | 448 | | | | 16,720 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | Amortized cost | | Estimated fair value |
| | | As at
December 31,
2008 | | As at
December 31,
2007 | | As at
December 31,
2008 | | As at
December 31,
2007 |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million | | RMB million | | RMB million |
Debt securities | | | | | | | | |
—contractual maturity schedule | | | | | | | | |
Maturing: | | | | | | | | |
Within one year | | 7,650 | | 616 | | 7,801 | | 612 |
After one year but within five years | | 69,464 | | 23,139 | | 73,461 | | 22,672 |
After five years but within ten years | | 113,112 | | 89,493 | | 121,916 | | 87,615 |
After ten years | | 144,692 | | 138,721 | | 153,042 | | 130,483 |
| | | | | | | | |
Total | | 334,918 | | 251,969 | | 356,220 | | 241,382 |
| | | | | | | | |
9.3 Financial assets at fair value through income (held-for-trading)F-46
| | | | |
| | | As at
December 31,
2008 | | As at
December 31,
2007 |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million |
Debt securities | | | | |
Government bonds | | 1,428 | | 693 |
Government agency bonds | | 4,660 | | 4,583 |
Corporate bonds | | 1,648 | | 513 |
Subordinated bonds/debts | | — | | 307 |
| | | | |
Subtotal | | 7,736 | | 6,096 |
| | | | |
Equity securities | | | | |
Funds | | 4,063 | | 9,145 |
Common stocks | | 2,295 | | 9,842 |
Warrants | | 5 | | 27 |
| | | | |
Subtotal | | 6,363 | | 19,014 |
| | | | |
Total | | 14,099 | | 25,110 |
| | | | |
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | 7 | | INVESTMENTS IN ASSOCIATES |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | |
As at 1 January | | | 7,891 | | | | 6,449 | |
| Additional capital contribution to China Life Property &Casualty Insurance Company Limited(“CLP&C”)(Note 28(e)) | | | — | | | | 1,200 | |
| Investment in China Life Insurance Brokers(“CIB”) | | | — | | | | 7 | |
| Share of results | | | 704 | | | | (56 | ) |
| Other equity movements | | | (70 | ) | | | 291 | |
| Dividend received | | | (55 | ) | | | — | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
As at 31 December | | | 8,470 | | | | 7,891 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | The group’s share in investment its associates, all of which are unlisted, is as follows: |
|
| | Assets and liabilities of associates |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Country of | | | Interest | | | | | | | |
| Name | | incorporation | | | held | | | Assets | | | Liabilities | |
| | | | | | | | | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Guangdong Development Bank(“GDB”) | | PRC | | | 20 | % | | | 90,584 | | | | 84,419 | |
| CLP&C | | PRC | | | 40 | % | | | 641 | | | | 357 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total as at 1 January 2008 | | | | | | | | | | | 91,225 | | | | 84,776 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| GDB | | PRC | | | 20 | % | | | 112,252 | | | | 105,283 | |
| CLP&C | | PRC | | | 40 | % | | | 3,595 | | | | 2,680 | |
| CIB | | PRC | | | 49 | % | | | 7 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total as at 31 December 2008 | | | | | | | | | | | 115,854 | | | | 107,963 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| GDB | | PRC | | | 20 | % | | | 136,344 | | | | 128,859 | |
| CLP&C | | PRC | | | 40 | % | | | 4,855 | | | | 3,876 | |
| CIB | | PRC | | | 49 | % | | | 6 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total as at 31 December 2009 | | | | | | | | | | | 141,205 | | | | 132,735 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Revenues and profit/(loss) of associates |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Name | | Revenue | | | Profit/(Loss) | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| GDB | | | 3,542 | | | | 559 | |
| CLP&C | | | 1,273 | | | | (615 | ) |
| CIB | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total for the year ended 31 December 2008 | | | 4,815 | | | | (56 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| GDB | | | 3,023 | | | | 673 | |
| CLP&C | | | 2,946 | | | | 32 | |
| CIB | | | — | | | | (1 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total for the year ended 31 December 2009 | | | 5,969 | | | | 704 | |
| | | | | | | |
9.4 Listed and unlisted investments at carrying valueF-47
| | | | |
| | | As at
December 31,
2008 | | As at
December 31,
2007 |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million |
Listed debt securities in PRC | | | | |
Government bonds | | 43,700 | | 51,296 |
Corporate bonds | | 10,911 | | 6,571 |
| | | | |
Subtotal | | 54,611 | | 57,867 |
| | | | |
Unlisted debt securities in PRC | | | | |
Government bonds | | 140,422 | | 126,771 |
Government agency bonds | | 275,181 | | 183,010 |
Corporate bonds | | 61,509 | | 40,956 |
Subordinated bonds/debts | | 44,162 | | 34,577 |
| | | | |
Subtotal | | 521,274 | | 385,314 |
| | | | |
Listed equity securities in PRC | | | | |
Common stocks | | | | |
—listed in HK, PRC | | 2,410 | | 8,476 |
—listed in mainland, PRC | | 38,406 | | 116,873 |
Funds—listed in mainland, PRC | | 3,656 | | 17,677 |
Warrants—listed in mainland, PRC | | 5 | | 27 |
| | | | |
Subtotal | | 44,477 | | 143,053 |
| | | | |
Unlisted equity securities in PRC | | | | |
Funds | | 30,297 | | 52,092 |
Common stocks | | 308 | | 2 |
| | | | |
Subtotal | | 30,605 | | 52,094 |
| | | | |
Total | | 650,967 | | 638,328 |
| | | | |
As at December 31, 2008, the amount of unlisted debt securities, traded in the inter-bank market, is RMB519,004 million (as at December 31, 2007: RMB323,058 million).
9.5 Term deposits
| | | | |
| | | As at
December 31,
2008 | | As at
December 31,
2007 |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million |
Maturing: | | | | |
Within one year | | 64,621 | | 46,706 |
After one year but within five years | | 155,320 | | 93,372 |
After five years but within ten years | | 6,759 | | 26,434 |
After ten years | | 1572 | | 2,082 |
| | | | |
Total | | 228,272 | | 168,594 |
| | | | |
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | 8 | | FINANCIAL ASSETS |
|
| 8.1 | | Held-to-maturity securities |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 31 | | | As at 31 | | | As at 1 | |
| | | December 2009 | | | December 2008 | | | January 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Debt securities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Government bonds | | | 103,980 | | | | 102,688 | | | | 96,786 | |
| Government agency bonds | | | 84,619 | | | | 79,400 | | | | 71,273 | |
| Corporate bonds | | | 3,139 | | | | 3,267 | | | | 3,272 | |
| Subordinated bonds/debts | | | 43,361 | | | | 26,574 | | | | 24,372 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 235,099 | | | | 211,929 | | | | 195,703 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 31 | | | As at 31 | | | As at 1 | |
| Debt securities | | December 2009 | | | December 2008 | | | January 2008 | |
| - Contractual maturity schedule | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Maturing | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Within one year | | | 5,937 | | | | 24,107 | | | | 2,896 | |
| After one year but within five years | | 34,903 | | | | 28,445 | | | | 50,059 | |
| After five years but within ten years | | 43,792 | | | | 55,866 | | | | 52,508 | |
| After ten years | | | 150,467 | | | | 103,511 | | | | 90,240 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 235,099 | | | | 211,929 | | | | 195,703 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 31 | | | As at 31 | | | As at 1 | |
| | | December 2009 | | | December 2008 | | | January 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Policy loans | | | 13,831 | | | | 8,676 | | | | 5,944 | |
| Other loans | | | 9,250 | | | | 9,250 | | | | 1,200 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 23,081 | | | | 17,926 | | | | 7,144 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 31 | | | As at 31 | | | As at 1 | |
| | | December 2009 | | | December 2008 | | | January 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Maturing | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Within one year | | | 13,831 | | | | 8,676 | | | | 5,944 | |
| After one year but within five years | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| After five years but within ten years | | | 1,200 | | | | 1,200 | | | | 1,200 | |
| After ten years | | | 8,050 | | | | 8,050 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 23,081 | | | | 17,926 | | | | 7,144 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Included in term deposits are structured deposits of RMB2,905 million (December 31, 2007: RMB4,346 million). The interest rate on these deposits fluctuates based on changes in interest rate indexes. The Group uses structured deposits primarily to enhance the returns on investments. Structured deposits are stated at amortized cost.F-48
9.6 Statutory deposits—restricted
| | | | |
| | | As at
December 31,
2008 | | As at
December 31,
2007 |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million |
Contractually maturing: | | | | |
Within one year | | 200 | | 5,353 |
After one year but within five years | | 5,953 | | 420 |
| | | | |
Total | | 6,153 | | 5,773 |
| | | | |
Insurance companies in China are required to deposit an amount equal to 20% of their registered capital with banks designated by CIRC. These funds may not be used for any purpose, other than to pay off debts during a liquidation proceeding.
9.7 Loans
| | | | |
| | | As at
December 31,
2008 | | As at
December 31,
2007 |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million |
Policy loans | | 8,676 | | 5,944 |
Other loans | | 9,250 | | 1,200 |
| | | | |
Total | | 17,926 | | 7,144 |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | As at
December 31,
2008 | | As at
December 31,
2007 |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million |
Maturing: | | | | |
Within one year | | 8,676 | | 5,944 |
After five years but within ten years | | 1,200 | | 1,200 |
After ten years | | 8,050 | | — |
| | | | |
Total | | 17,926 | | 7,144 |
| | | | |
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
9.8 Securities purchased under agreements to resell
DEC 2009 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 31 | | | As at 31 | | | As at 1 | |
| | | December 2009 | | | December 2008 | | | January 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Maturing | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Within one year | | | 84,393 | | | | 64,621 | | | | 46,706 | |
| After one year but within five years | | | 196,090 | | | | 155,320 | | | | 93,372 | |
| After five years but within ten years | | | 64,500 | | | | 6,759 | | | | 26,434 | |
| After ten years | | | — | | | | 1,572 | | | | 2,082 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 344,983 | | | | 228,272 | | | | 168,594 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | AsIncluded in term deposits are structured deposits of RMB 273 million (31 December 2008: RMB 2,905 million; 1 January 2008: 4,346 million). The interest rate on these deposits fluctuates based on changes in interest rate indexes. Structured deposits are stated at
December 31,
2008 amortised cost. |
|
| 8.4 | | As at
December 31,Statutory deposits-restricted
2007
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 31 | | | As at 31 | | | As at 1 | |
| | | December 2009 | | | December 2008 | | | January 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Contractual maturity schedule | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Within one year | | | 100 | | | | 200 | | | | 5,353 | |
| After one year but within five years | | | 6,053 | | | | 5,953 | | | | 420 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 6,153 | | | | 6,153 | | | | 5,773 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | RMB millionInsurance companies in China are required to deposit an amount equal to 20% of their registered capital with banks designated by CIRC. These funds may not be used for any purpose, other than to pay off debts during a liquidation proceeding. |
F-49
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DEC 2009
| 8 | | RMB millionFINANCIAL ASSETS (continued) |
Maturing:
|
| 8.5 | | Available-for-sale securities |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 31 | | | As at 31 | | | As at 1 | |
| | | December 2009 | | | December 2008 | | | January 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Debt securities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Government bonds | | | 51,996 | | | | 80,006 | | | | 80,588 | |
| Government agency bonds | | | 165,231 | | | | 191,121 | | | | 107,154 | |
| Corporate bonds | | | 102,553 | | | | 67,505 | | | | 43,742 | |
| Subordinated bonds/debts | | | 21,045 | | | | 17,588 | | | | 9,898 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Subtotal | | | 340,825 | | | | 356,220 | | | | 241,382 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity securities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Funds | | | 75,798 | | | | 29,890 | | | | 60,624 | |
| Common stocks | | | 100,876 | | | | 38,829 | | | | 115,509 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Subtotal | | | 176,674 | | | | 68,719 | | | | 176,133 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 517,499 | | | | 424,939 | | | | 417,515 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Debt securities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Listed in mainland, PRC | | | 28,086 | | | | 29,202 | | | | 31,947 | |
| Unlisted | | | 312,739 | | | | 327,018 | | | | 209,435 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Subtotal | | | 340,825 | | | | 356,220 | | | | 241,382 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity securities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Listed in Hong Kong, PRC | | | 13,570 | | | | 2,398 | | | | 8,464 | |
| Listed in mainland, PRC | | | 97,803 | | | | 39,311 | | | | 123,810 | |
| Unlisted | | | 65,301 | | | | 27,010 | | | | 43,859 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Subtotal | | | 176,674 | | | | 68,719 | | | | 176,133 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 517,499 | | | | 424,939 | | | | 417,515 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
F-50
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DEC 2009
| 8 | | FINANCIAL ASSETS (continued) |
With 30 days
|
| 8.5 | | — Available-for-sale securities(continued) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 31 | | | As at 31 | | | As at 1 | |
| Debt securities | | December 2009 | | | December 2008 | | | January 2008 | |
| - contractual maturity schedule | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Maturing | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Within one year | | | 2,912 | | | | 7,801 | | | | 612 | |
| After one year but within five years | | 45,607 | | | | 73,461 | | | | 22,672 | |
| After five years but within ten years | | 123,719 | | | | 121,916 | | | | 87,615 | |
| After ten years | | | 168,587 | | | | 153,042 | | | | 130,483 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 340,825 | | | | 356,220 | | | | 241,382 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
F-51
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DEC 2009
| 8 | | 5,053FINANCIAL ASSETS (continued) |
|
| 8.6 | | Securities at fair value through income |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 31 | | | As at 31 | | | As at 1 | |
| | | December 2009 | | | December 2008 | | | January 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Debt securities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Government bonds | | | 2,438 | | | | 1,428 | | | | 693 | |
| Government agency bonds | | | 3,549 | | | | 4,660 | | | | 4,583 | |
| Corporate bonds | | | 404 | | | | 1,648 | | | | 513 | |
| Subordinated bonds/debts | | | — | | | | — | | | | 307 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Subtotal | | | 6,391 | | | | 7,736 | | | | 6,096 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Equity securities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Funds | | | 569 | | | | 4,063 | | | | 9,145 | |
| Common stocks | | | 2,162 | | | | 2,295 | | | | 9,842 | |
| Warrants | | | 11 | | | | 5 | | | | 27 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Subtotal | | | 2,742 | | | | 6,363 | | | | 19,014 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 9,133 | | | | 14,099 | | | | 25,110 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Debt securities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Listed in mainland, PRC | | | 672 | | | | 1,216 | | | | 578 | |
| Unlisted | | | 5,719 | | | | 6,520 | | | | 5,518 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Subtotal | | | 6,391 | | | | 7,736 | | | | 6,096 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity securities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Listed in Hong Kong, PRC | | | — | | | | 12 | | | | 12 | |
| Listed in mainland, PRC | | | 2,201 | | | | 2,755 | | | | 10,767 | |
| Unlisted | | | 541 | | | | 3,596 | | | | 8,235 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Subtotal | | | 2,742 | | | | 6,363 | | | | 19,014 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 9,133 | | | | 14,099 | | | | 25,110 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
F-52
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DEC 2009
| 8 | | FINANCIAL ASSETS (continued) |
|
| 8.7 | | Securities purchased under agreements to resell |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total
| | — As at 31 | | 5,053 | As at 31 | | | As at 1 | |
| | December 2009 | | | December 2008 | | | January 2008 | |
| | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Maturing: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Within thirty days | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5,053 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
9.9 Accrued investment income
| 8.8 | | Accrued investment income |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 31 | | | As at 31 | | | As at 1 | |
| | | December 2009 | | | December 2008 | | | January 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Bank deposits | | | 5,987 | | | | 4,525 | | | | 3,700 | |
| Debt securities | | | 8,030 | | | | 8,348 | | | | 6,014 | |
| Others | | | 191 | | | | 276 | | | | 143 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 14,208 | | | | 13,149 | | | | 9,857 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Current | | | 14,208 | | | | 13,149 | | | | 9,824 | |
| Non-current | | | — | | | | — | | | | 33 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 14,208 | | | | 13,149 | | | | 9,857 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
| | | As at
December 31,
2008 | | As at
December 31,
2007 |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million |
Bank deposits | | 4,525 | | 3,700 |
Debt securities | | 8,348 | | 6,014 |
Others | | 276 | | 143 |
| | | | |
Total | | 13,149 | | 9,857 |
| | | | |
F-53
| | | | |
| | | As at
December 31,
2008 | | As at
December 31,
2007 |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million |
Current | | 13,149 | | 9,824 |
Non-current | | — | | 33 |
| | | | |
Total | | 13,149 | | 9,857 |
| | | | |
10 FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
The estimates and judgments to determine the fair value of financial assets are described in Note 3.3.
The fair value of long-term investment type insurance contracts and investment contracts are determined by using valuation techniques, with consideration of the present value of expected cash flows arising from contracts using a risk-adjusted discount rate, allowing for risk free rate available on valuation date, the own credit risk and risk margin associated with the future cash flows.
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | 9 | | FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES |
|
| | The estimates and judgments to determine the fair value of financial assets are described in Note 3.2. |
|
| | The fair value of investment contracts are determined by using valuation techniques, with consideration of the present value of expected cash flows arising from contracts using a risk-adjusted discount rate, allowing for risk free rate available on valuation date, the own credit risk and risk margin associated with the future cash flows. |
|
| | The table below presents the estimated fair value and carrying value of financial assets and liabilities. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Carrying value | | | Estimated fair value | |
| | | As at 31 | | | As at 31 | | | As at 31 | | | As at 31 | |
| | | December | | | December | | | December | | | December | |
| | | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Held-to-maturity securities | | | 235,099 | | | | 211,929 | | | | 235,668 | | | | 228,598 | |
| Loans | | | 23,081 | | | | 17,926 | | | | 23,081 | | | | 17,926 | |
| Term deposits (excluding structured deposits) | | | 344,710 | | | | 225,367 | | | | 344,710 | | | | 225,367 | |
| Structured deposits | | | 273 | | | | 2,905 | | | | 272 | | | | 2,887 | |
| Statutory deposits-restricted | | | 6,153 | | | | 6,153 | | | | 6,153 | | | | 6,153 | |
| Available-for-sale securities | | | 517,499 | | | | 424,939 | | | | 517,499 | | | | 424,939 | |
| Securities at fair value through income | | | 9,133 | | | | 14,099 | | | | 9,133 | | | | 14,099 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | | | 36,197 | | | | 34,085 | | | | 36,197 | | | | 34,085 | |
| Investment contracts | | | (67,326 | ) | | | (65,063 | ) | | | (66,184 | ) | | | (63,878 | ) |
| Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | | | (33,553 | ) | | | (11,390 | ) | | | (33,553 | ) | | | (11,390 | ) |
| 10 | | PREMIUMS RECEIVABLE |
|
| | The aging of premiums receivable is within 12 months. |
|
| 11 | | REINSURANCE ASSETS |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 31 | | | As at 31 | | | As at 1 | |
| | | December 2009 | | | December 2008 | | | January 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Long-term insurance contracts ceded (Note 13) | | | 701 | | | | 700 | | | | 658 | |
| Due from reinsurance companies | | | 17 | | | | 163 | | | | 399 | |
| Ceded unearned premiums (Note 13) | | | 83 | | | | 58 | | | | 38 | |
| Claims recoverable from reinsurers (Note 13) | | | 31 | | | | 19 | | | | 16 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 832 | | | | 940 | | | | 1,111 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Current | | | 131 | | | | 240 | | | | 453 | |
| Non-current | | | 701 | | | | 700 | | | | 658 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 832 | | | | 940 | | | | 1,111 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
The table below presents the estimated fair value and carrying value of financial assets and liabilities.F-54
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Carrying value | | | Estimated fair value | |
| | | As at
December 31,
2008 | | | As at
December 31,
2007 | | | As at
December 31,
2008 | | | As at
December 31,
2007 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
Debt securities | | 575,885 | | | 443,181 | | | 592,554 | | | 439,067 | |
Equity securities | | 75,082 | | | 195,147 | | | 75,082 | | | 195,147 | |
Term deposits (excluding structured deposits) | | 225,367 | | | 164,248 | | | 225,367 | | | 164,248 | |
Structured deposits | | 2,905 | | | 4,346 | | | 2,887 | | | 4,281 | |
Statutory deposits—restricted | | 6,153 | | | 5,773 | | | 6,153 | | | 5,773 | |
Securities purchased under agreements to resell | | — | | | 5,053 | | | — | | | 5,053 | |
Loans | | 17,926 | | | 7,144 | | | 17,926 | | | 7,144 | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | 34,085 | | | 25,317 | | | 34,085 | | | 25,317 | |
Long-term investment type insurance contracts (excluding universal life insurance contracts) | | (350,974 | ) | | (282,645 | ) | | (336,021 | ) | | (271,523 | ) |
Investment contracts with DPF | | (51,713 | ) | | (49,068 | ) | | (49,815 | ) | | (39,551 | ) |
Investment contracts without DPF | | (1,516 | ) | | (2,234 | ) | | (1,397 | ) | | (2,315 | ) |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | | (11,390 | ) | | (100 | ) | | (11,390 | ) | | (100 | ) |
11 PREMIUMS RECEIVABLES
The aging of premiums receivables is within 12 months.
12 REINSURANCE ASSETS
| | | | |
| | | As at
December 31,
2008 | | As at
December 31,
2007 |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million |
Claims recoverable from reinsurers (Note 14) | | 28 | | 24 |
Ceded unearned premiums (Note 14) | | 63 | | 45 |
Long-term traditional insurance contracts ceded (Note 14) | | 709 | | 707 |
Due from reinsurance companies | | 163 | | 190 |
| | | | |
Total | | 963 | | 966 |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | As at
December 31,
2008 | | As at
December 31,
2007 |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million |
Current | | 254 | | 259 |
Non-current | | 709 | | 707 |
| | | | |
Total | | 963 | | 966 |
| | | | |
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 31 | | | As at 31 | | | As at 1 | |
| | | December 2009 | | | December 2008 | | | January 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Land use rights | | | 3,279 | | | | 2,667 | | | | 2,606 | |
| Due from CLIC (Note 28(f)) | | | 646 | | | | 684 | | | | 739 | |
| Deposits on fund units pending issuance/receivables on funds units redeemed | | | 300 | | | | — | | | | 500 | |
| Advances | | | 302 | | | | 273 | | | | 206 | |
| Others | | | 1,790 | | | | 1,333 | | | | 939 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 6,317 | | | | 4,957 | | | | 4,990 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Current | | | 2,471 | | | | 1,720 | | | | 2,122 | |
| Non-current | | | 3,846 | | | | 3,237 | | | | 2,868 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 6,317 | | | | 4,957 | | | | 4,990 | |
13 OTHER ASSETSF-55
| | | | |
| | | As at
December 31,
2008 | | As at
December 31,
2007 |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million |
Due from CLIC (Note 29(c)) | | 684 | | 739 |
Deposits on fund units pending issuance/receivable on fund units redeemed | | — | | 500 |
Advances | | 273 | | 206 |
Others | | 1,328 | | 937 |
| | | | |
Total | | 2,285 | | 2,382 |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | As at
December 31,
2008 | | As at
December 31,
2007 |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million |
Current | | 2,168 | | 2,297 |
Non-current | | 117 | | 85 |
| | | | |
Total | | 2,285 | | 2,382 |
| | | | |
14 INSURANCE CONTRACTS
(a) Process used to decide on assumptions
(i) Investment return assumptions are based on estimates of future yields on the Group’s investments. In determining interest rate assumptions, the Group considers expectations about future economic conditions and company’s investment strategy. The assumed rate of investment return and provision for adverse deviation used for the past five years are as follows:
| | | | |
Year of policy issue | | Interest rate assumptions | | Provision for adverse deviation |
2004 | | 3.70% – 5.17% | | 0.25% – 0.50% |
2005 | | 4.00% – 5.20% | | 0.25% – 0.50% |
2006 | | 4.60% – 5.40% | | 0.25% – 0.60% |
2007 | | 5.50% | | 0.50% |
2008 | | 3.625% – 5.50% | | 0.125% – 0.50% |
(ii) Estimates are made for mortality and morbidity rates in each of the years that the Group is exposed to risk. The assumed mortality rates and morbidity rates, varying by age of the insured and contract type, are based upon expected experience at the date of contract issue plus, where applicable, a margin for adverse deviation.
The Group bases its mortality assumptions on China Life Insurance Mortality Table (1990-1993) and China Life Insurance Mortality Table (2000-2003), adjusted where appropriate to reflect the Group’s recent historical mortality experience. Appropriate but not excessively prudent allowance is made for future mortality improvement on contracts that insure the risk of longevity, such as annuities. The main source of uncertainty with life insurance contracts is that epidemics such as Avian Flu, AIDS, SARS and wide-ranging lifestyle changes could result in deterioration in future mortality experience, thus leading to an inadequate liability. Similarly, continuing advancements in medical care and social conditions could result in improvements in longevity that exceed those allowed for in the estimates used to determine the liability for contracts where the Group is exposed to longevity risk.
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | (a) | | Process used to decide on assumptions |
| | (i) For the insurance contracts of which future returns are affected by the investment yields of corresponding investment portfolios, investment return assumptions are applied as discount rates to assess the time value impacts on reserve computation. |
|
| | In developing discount rate assumptions, the Group considers investment experience, current and future investment portfolio and trend of the yield curve. The discount rate reflects the future economic outlook as well as the company’s investment strategy. The assumed discount rate with risk margin for the past two years are as follows: |
| | | | |
| | Discount rate assumptions | |
| | | | |
| As at 31 December 2008 | | | 3.50%~5.00 | % |
| As at 31 December 2009 | | | 4.40%~5.00 | % |
| | For the insurance contracts of which the future returns are not affected by the investment yields of the corresponding investment portfolios, the Group use discount rate assumption to assess the time value impacts based on the “yield curve of reserve computation benchmark for insurance contracts”, published on “China Bond” website, with the consideration includes the liquidity spreads, taxation impacts and other relevant factors. The assumed discount rate with risk margin for the past two years are as follows: |
| | | | |
| | Discount rate assumptions | |
|
| As at 31 December 2008 | | | 2.81%~4.95 | % |
| As at 31 December 2009 | | | 2.69%~5.32 | % |
| | The discount rate assumption is affected by certain factors, such as future macro-economy, fiscal policies, capital market and availability of investment channel of insurance funds. The Group determines discount rate assumption based on the information obtained at the end of each reporting period including consideration of risk margin. |
|
| | (ii) The mortality and morbidity assumptions are based on the Group’s historical mortality and morbidity experience. The assumed mortality rates and morbidity rates are varying by age of the insured and contract type. |
|
| | The Group bases its mortality assumptions on China Life Insurance Mortality Table (2000-2003), adjusted where appropriate to reflect the Group’s recent historical mortality experience. The main source of uncertainty with life insurance contracts is that epidemics and wide-ranging lifestyle changes could result in deterioration in future mortality experience, thus leading to an inadequate liability. Similarly, continuing advancements in medical care and social conditions could result in improvements in longevity that exceed those allowed for in the estimates used to determine the liability for contracts where the Group is exposed to longevity risk. |
|
| | The Group bases its morbidity assumptions for critical illness products on analysis of historical experience and expectations of future developments. There are two main sources of uncertainty. First, wide-ranging lifestyle changes could result in future deterioration in morbidity experience. Second, future development of medical technologies and improved coverage of medical facilities available to policyholders may bring forward the timing of diagnosing critical illness, which demands earlier payment of the critical illness benefits. Both could ultimately result in an inadequate liability if current morbidity assumptions do not properly reflect such secular trends. |
|
| | Risk margin is considered in the Group’s mortality and morbidity assumptions. |
The Group bases its morbidity assumptions for critical illness products on Taiwanese experience in the critical illness market, as the best proxy for the China’s market adjusted where appropriate to reflect the Group’s recent historical and projected future experience. There are two main sources of uncertainty. First, wide-ranging lifestyle changes could result in future deterioration in morbidity experience. Second, future development of medical technologies and improved coverage of medical facilities available to policyholders may bring forward the timing of diagnosing critical illness, which demands earlier payment of the critical illness benefits. Both could ultimately result in an inadequate liability if current morbidity assumptions do not properly reflect such secular trends.F-56
(iii) The assumption for policy administration expenses has been based on expected unit costs plus, where applicable, a margin for adverse deviation. Unit costs have been based on an analysis of actual experience. The unit cost factors are expressed on both a per-policy and a percent-of-premium basis for the past five years, as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | | Individual Life | | Group Life |
Year of policy issue | | RMB Per Policy | | % of Premium | | RMB Per Policy | | % of Premium |
2004 | | 10.0 – 17.5 | | 1.65% – 2.55% | | 17.5 | | 1.65% |
2005 | | 14.5 – 19.5 | | 1.50% – 1.80% | | 4.0 | | 1.30% |
2006 | | 15.0 – 22.0 | | 1.60% – 1.85% | | 6.5 | | 1.50% |
2007 | | 15.0 – 22.0 | | 1.60% – 1.85% | | 6.5 | | 1.50% |
2008 | | 15.0 – 22.0 | | 1.60% – 1.85% | | 6.5 | | 1.50% |
(iv) Lapse rates and other assumptions are determined with reference to past experience where creditable, current conditions and future expectations.
The Group did not change its process used to decide on assumptions for the insurance contracts disclosed in this note.
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | 13 | | INSURANCE CONTRACTS (continued) |
|
| | (a)Process used to decide on assumptions (continued) |
|
| | (iii) The expense assumption has been based on expected unit costs with the consideration of risk margin. Unit costs have been based on an analysis of actual experience and expressed on both a per-policy and a percent-of-premium basis. The Group’s expense assumption is effected by certain factors, such as inflation, market competition and other factors. The Group determines expense assumption based on the information obtained at the end of each reporting period with the consideration of risk margin. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Individual Life | | | Group Life | |
| | | RMB Per Policy | | | % of Premium | | | RMB Per Policy | | | % of Premium | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| As at 31 December 2008 | | | 22.5~33.0 | | | | 1.59%~1.74 | % | | | 9.7 | | | | 1.54 | % |
| As at 31 December 2009 | | | 26.3~38.5 | | | | 1.05%~1.17 | % | | | 11.3 | | | | 1.01 | % |
| | (iv) The lapse rates and other assumptions are effected by certain factors, such as future macro-economy, availability of financial substitutions, market competition and other factors, which brings uncertainty to lapse rate and other assumptions. The lapse rates and other assumptions are determined with reference to past experience where creditable, current conditions, future expectations and other information obtained at the end of each reporting period with consideration of risk margin. |
|
| | The Group did not change its process used to decide on assumptions for the insurance contracts disclosed in this note. |
|
| | (b)Net liabilities of insurance contracts |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 31 | | | As at 31 | | | As at 1 | |
| | | December 2009 | | | December 2008 | | | January 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Long-term insurance contracts | | | 809,223 | | | | 654,848 | | | | 520,158 | |
| Short term insurance contracts | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| - claims and claim adjustment expenses | | | 2,944 | | | | 2,780 | | | | 2,455 | |
| - unearned premiums | | | 5,997 | | | | 5,237 | | | | 4,894 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total, gross | | | 818,164 | | | | 662,865 | | | | 527,507 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Recoverable from reinsurers | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Long-term insurance contracts (Note 11) | | | (701 | ) | | | (700 | ) | | | (658 | ) |
| Short-term insurance contracts | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| - claims and claim adjustment expenses (Note 11) | | | (31 | ) | | | (19 | ) | | | (16 | ) |
| - unearned premiums (Note 11) | | | (83 | ) | | | (58 | ) | | | (38 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total, ceded | | | (815 | ) | | | (777 | ) | | | (712 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Long-term insurance contracts | | | 808,522 | | | | 654,148 | | | | 519,500 | |
| Short-term insurance contracts | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| - claims and claim adjustment expenses | | | 2,913 | | | | 2,761 | | | | 2,439 | |
| - unearned premiums | | | 5,914 | | | | 5,179 | | | | 4,856 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total, net | | | 817,349 | | | | 662,088 | | | | 526,795 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
(b) Net liabilities of insurance contracts and investment contractsF-57
| | | | | | |
| | | As at
December 31,
2008 | | | As at
December 31,
2007 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
Gross | | | | | | |
Long-term traditional insurance contracts | | 273,474 | | | 218,165 | |
Long-term investment type insurance contracts | | 362,241 | | | 284,588 | |
Short-term insurance contracts | | | | | | |
—claims and claim adjustment expenses | | 2,629 | | | 2,391 | |
—unearned premiums | | 6,265 | | | 5,728 | |
Investment contracts | | | | | | |
—with DPF | | 51,713 | | | 49,068 | |
—without DPF | | 1,516 | | | 2,234 | |
| | | | | | |
Total, gross | | 697,838 | | | 562,174 | |
| | | | | | |
Recoverable from reinsurers | | | | | | |
Long-term traditional insurance contracts (Note 12) | | (709 | ) | | (707 | ) |
Short-term insurance contracts | | | | | | |
—claims and claim adjustment expenses (Note 12) | | (28 | ) | | (24 | ) |
—unearned premiums (Note 12) | | (63 | ) | | (45 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Total, ceded | | (800 | ) | | (776 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Net | | | | | | |
Long-term traditional insurance contracts | | 272,765 | | | 217,458 | |
Long-term investment type insurance contracts | | 362,241 | | | 284,588 | |
Short-term insurance contracts | | | | | | |
—claims and claim adjustment expenses | | 2,601 | | | 2,367 | |
—unearned premiums | | 6,202 | | | 5,683 | |
Investment contracts | | | | | | |
—with DPF | | 51,713 | | | 49,068 | |
—without DPF | | 1,516 | | | 2,234 | |
| | | | | | |
Total, net | | 697,038 | | | 561,398 | |
| | | | | | |
(c) Claims incurred ratio
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
Claims incurred-net | | 7,553 | | | 6,343 | | | 6,999 | |
Claims incurred ratio | | 61 | % | | 55 | % | | 66 | % |
| | | | | | | | | |
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | 13 | | INSURANCE CONTRACTS (continued) |
|
| | (c)Movements in liabilities of short-term insurance contracts |
|
| | The table below presents movement of reserves of claims and claim adjustment expenses: |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| - Notified claims | | | 352 | | | | 378 | |
| - Incurred but not reported | | | 2,428 | | | | 2,077 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total as at 1 January — Gross | | | 2,780 | | | | 2,455 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Cash paid for claims settled in year | | | | | | | | |
| - Cash paid for current year claims | | | (5,478 | ) | | | (5,124 | ) |
| - Cash paid for prior year claims | | | (2,274 | ) | | | (2,256 | ) |
| Claims incurred in year | | | | | | | | |
| - Claims arising in current year | | | 7,951 | | | | 7,842 | |
| - Claims arising in prior year | | | (35 | ) | | | (137 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total as at 31 December — Gross | | | 2,944 | | | | 2,780 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| - Notified claims | | | 228 | | | | 352 | |
| - Incurred but not reported | | | 2,716 | | | | 2,428 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total as at 31 December — Gross | | | 2,944 | | | | 2,780 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | The table below presents movement of unearned premium reserves: |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | Gross | | | Ceded | | | Net | | | Gross | | | Ceded | | | Net | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at 1 January | | | 5,237 | | | | (58 | ) | | | 5,179 | | | | 4,894 | | | | (38 | ) | | | 4,856 | |
| Increase | | | 5,997 | | | | (83 | ) | | | 5,914 | | | | 5,237 | | | | (58 | ) | | | 5,179 | |
| Release | | | (5,237 | ) | | | 58 | | | | (5,179 | ) | | | (4,894 | ) | | | 38 | | | | (4,856 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at 31 December | | | 5,997 | | | | (83 | ) | | | 5,914 | | | | 5,237 | | | | (58 | ) | | | 5,179 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | (d)Movements in liabilities of long-term insurance contracts |
|
| | The table below presents movement in the liabilities of insurance contracts: |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| As at 1 January | | | | | | | 654,848 | | | | 520,158 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Premiums | | | | | | | 261,905 | | | | 252,470 | |
| Release of liabilities | | | (i | ) | | | (127,472 | ) | | | (140,281 | ) |
| Accretion of interest | | | | | | | 26,834 | | | | 24,414 | |
| Change in assumptions | | | | | | | (8,085 | ) | | | (3,720 | ) |
| Other movements | | | | | | | 1,193 | | | | 1,807 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at 31 December | | | | | | | 809,223 | | | | 654,848 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (i) | | The release of liabilities mainly consists of payments for death or other termination and related expenses, release of residual margin and change of reserves for claims and claim adjustment expenses. |
(d) Movements in liabilities of short-term insurance contractsF-58
The table below presents movement of reserves of claims and claim adjustment expenses:
| | | | | | |
| | | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
—Notified claims | | 368 | | | 487 | |
—Incurred but not reported | | 2,023 | | | 2,011 | |
| | | | | | |
Total as at 1 January—Gross | | 2,391 | | | 2,498 | |
| | | | | | |
Cash paid for claims settled in year | | | | | | |
—Cash paid for current year claims | | (5,124 | ) | | (4,750 | ) |
—Cash paid for prior year claims | | (2,256 | ) | | (1,790 | ) |
Claims incurred in year | | | | | | |
—Claims arising in current year | | 7,715 | | | 7,082 | |
—Claims arising in prior year | | (97 | ) | | (649 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Total as at 31 December—Gross | | 2,629 | | | 2,391 | |
| | | | | | |
Notified claims | | 343 | | | 368 | |
Incurred but not reported | | 2,286 | | | 2,023 | |
| | | | | | |
Total as at 31 December—Gross | | 2,629 | | | 2,391 | |
| | | | | | |
The table below presents movement of unearned premium reserves:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
| | | Gross | | | Ceded | | | Net | | | Gross | | | Ceded | | | Net | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
As at 1 January | | 5,728 | | | (45 | ) | | 5,683 | | | 5,346 | | | (60 | ) | | 5,286 | |
Increase | | 6,265 | | | (63 | ) | | 6,202 | | | 5,728 | | | (45 | ) | | 5,683 | |
Release | | (5,728 | ) | | 45 | | | (5,683 | ) | | (5,346 | ) | | 60 | | | (5,286 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at 31 December | | 6,265 | | | (63 | ) | | 6,202 | | | 5,728 | | | (45 | ) | | 5,683 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(e) Movements in liabilities of long-term traditional insurance contracts
The table below presents movement in the liabilities of long-term traditional insurance contracts:
| | | | | | |
| | | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
As at 1 January | | 218,165 | | | 172,875 | |
Valuation premiums | | 67,328 | | | 57,979 | |
Liabilities released for death or other termination and related expenses | | (22,083 | ) | | (20,598 | ) |
Accretion of interest | | 9,834 | | | 7,511 | |
Other movements | | 230 | | | 398 | |
| | | | | | |
As at 31 December | | 273,474 | | | 218,165 | |
| | | | | | |
Valuation premiums are the premiums that would be required to meet the benefits and administration expenses based on the valuation assumptions used.
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 31 | | | As at 31 | | | As at 1 | |
| | | December 2009 | | | December 2008 | | | January 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Investment Contracts with DPF | | | 50,219 | | | | 51,676 | | | | 48,961 | |
| Investment Contracts without DPF | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| - At amortised cost | | | 17,055 | | | | 13,374 | | | | 4,463 | |
| - Designated as at fair value through income | | | 52 | | | | 13 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 67,326 | | | | 65,063 | | | | 53,424 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | The table below presents movement of investment contracts with DPF |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | |
As at 1 January | | | 51,676 | | | | 48,961 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Deposits received | | | 10,061 | | | | 19,472 | |
| Deposits withdrawn and paid on death and other benefits | | | (12,488 | ) | | | (17,621 | ) |
| Policy fees deducted from account balances | | | (221 | ) | | | (356 | ) |
| Interest credited | | | 1,191 | | | | 1,220 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
As at 31 December | | | 50,219 | | | | 51,676 | |
| | | | | | | |
(f) Movements in liabilities of long-term investment type insurance contractsF-59
The table below presents movement in the liabilities of long-term investment type insurance contracts:
| | | | | | |
| | | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
As at 1 January | | 284,588 | | | 282,672 | |
Deposits received | | 156,730 | | | 72,516 | |
Deposits withdrawn and paid on death and other benefits | | (75,041 | ) | | (70,690 | ) |
Fees deducted from account balances | | (13,248 | ) | | (7,091 | ) |
Interest credited | | 9,212 | | | 7,181 | |
| | | | | | |
As at 31 December | | 362,241 | | | 284,588 | |
| | | | | | |
15 DEFERRED INCOME
The table below presents movement of deferred income:
| | | | | | |
| | | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
As at 1 January | | 48,308 | | | 41,371 | |
Income deferred | | 26,235 | | | 21,867 | |
Amortization charged through income | | (5,098 | ) | | (12,011 | ) |
Amortization charged through equity | | 5,042 | | | (2,919 | ) |
| | | | | | |
As at 31 December | | 74,487 | | | 48,308 | |
| | | | | | |
Deferred income excluding unrealized gains | | 77,723 | | | 56,586 | |
Deferred income recognized in unrealized losses | | (3,236 | ) | | (8,278 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Total deferred income | | 74,487 | | | 48,308 | |
| | | | | | |
16 LIABILITIES OF INVESTMENT CONTRACTS
The table below presents movement of investment contracts:
| | | | | | |
| | | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
As at 1 January | | 51,302 | | | 48,612 | |
Deposits received | | 19,539 | | | 21,711 | |
Deposits withdrawn and paid on death and other benefits | | (18,494 | ) | | (19,559 | ) |
Policy fees deducted from account balances | | (476 | ) | | (600 | ) |
Interest credited | | 1,358 | | | 1,138 | |
| | | | | | |
As at 31 December | | 53,229 | | | 51,302 | |
| | | | | | |
Investment contracts | | | | | | |
—with DPF | | 51,713 | | | 49,068 | |
—without DPF | | 1,516 | | | 2,234 | |
| | | | | | |
Total | | 53,229 | | | 51,302 | |
| | | | | | |
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | 15 | | SECURITIES SOLD UNDER AGREEMENTS TO REPURCHASE |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 31 | | | As at 31 | | | As at 1 | |
| | | December 2009 | | | December 2008 | | | January 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Maturing: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Within thirty days | | | 25,326 | | | | 11,390 | | | | 100 | |
| After thirty but within ninety days | | | 8,227 | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 33,553 | | | | 11,390 | | | | 100 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | The carrying values of debt securities pledged as collateral are as follows |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 31 | | | As at 31 | | | As at 1 | |
| | | December 2009 | | | December 2008 | | | January 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Debt securities pledged | | | 34,306 | | | | 12,048 | | | | 99 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 34,306 | | | | 12,048 | | | | 99 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
17 SECURITIES SOLD UNDER AGREEMENTS TO REPURCHASEF-60
| | | | |
| | | As at
December 31,
2008 | | As at
December 31,
2007 |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million |
Maturing: | | | | |
Within thirty days | | 11,390 | | 100 |
| | | | |
Total | | 11,390 | | 100 |
| | | | |
The carrying values of debt securities pledged as collateral are as follows:
| | | | |
| | | As at
December 31,
2008 | | As at
December 31,
2007 |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million |
Debt securities pledged | | 12,048 | | 99 |
| | | | |
Total | | 12,048 | | 99 |
| | | | |
18 OTHER LIABILITIES
| | | | |
| | | As at
December 31,
2008 | | As at
December 31,
2007 |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million |
Salary and welfare payable | | 2,936 | | 1,973 |
Commission and brokerage payable | | 1,654 | | 1,134 |
Agent deposits | | 632 | | 602 |
Tax payable | | 284 | | 739 |
Payable to constructors | | 308 | | 293 |
Stock appreciation rights (Note 27) | | 716 | | 1,290 |
Others | | 3,352 | | 2,839 |
| | | | |
Total | | 9,882 | | 8,870 |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | As at
December 31,
2008 | | As at
December 31,
2007 |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million |
Current | | 9,882 | | 8,870 |
Non-current | | — | | — |
| | | | |
Total | | 9,882 | | 8,870 |
| | | | |
19 STATUTORY INSURANCE FUND
As required by CIRC Order [2004] No. 16, all insurance companies have to pay statutory insurance fund contribution to the CIRC. The Group is subject to statutory insurance fund contribution at 1%, 0.15% and 0.05% of net premium from accident and short-term health policies, long-term life policies with guaranteed return and long-term health policies and long-term life policies without guaranteed return, respectively. When the accumulated statutory insurance fund contributions reach 1% of the Group’s total assets, no additional contribution to the statutory insurance fund is required.
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 31 | | | As at 31 | | | As at 1 | |
| | | December 2009 | | | December 2008 | | | January 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Salary and staff welfare payable | | | 2,892 | | | | 2,936 | | | | 1,973 | |
| Commission and brokerage payable | | | 1,320 | | | | 1,654 | | | | 1,134 | |
| Agent deposits | | | 659 | | | | 632 | | | | 811 | |
| Tax payable | | | 356 | | | | 284 | | | | 739 | |
| Payable to constructors | | | 317 | | | | 308 | | | | 293 | |
| Stock appreciation rights (Note 26) | | | 1,555 | | | | 716 | | | | 1,290 | |
| Others | | | 4,879 | | | | 4,527 | | | | 3,895 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 11,978 | | | | 11,057 | | | | 10,135 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Current | | | 11,978 | | | | 11,057 | | | | 10,135 | |
| Non-current | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 11,978 | | | | 11,057 | | | | 10,135 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 17 | | STATUTORY INSURANCE FUND |
|
| | As required by CIRC Order [2008] No. 2, all insurance companies have to pay statutory insurance fund contribution to the CIRC since 1 January 2009. The Group is subject to statutory insurance fund contribution, (i) at 0.15% and 0.05% of premiums and accumulated policyholder deposits from life policies with guaranteed benefits and life policies without guaranteed benefits, respectively. (ii) at 0.8% and 0.15% of premiums from short-term health policies and long-term health policies, respectively. (iii) at 0.8% of premiums from accident insurance contracts, at 0.08% and 0.05% of accumulated policyholder deposits from accident investment contracts with guaranteed benefits and without guaranteed benefits, respectively. When the accumulated statutory insurance fund contributions reach 1% of the Group’s total assets, no additional contribution to the statutory insurance fund is required. |
|
| | For the year ended 31 December 2008, as required by CIRC Order [2004] No. 16, all insurance companies have to pay statutory insurance fund contribution to the CIRC. The Group is subject to statutory insurance fund contribution at 1%, 0.15% and 0.05% of net premium from accident and short-term health policies, long-term life policies with guaranteed benefits and long-term health policies and long-term life policies without guaranteed benefits, respectively. When the accumulated statutory insurance fund contributions reach 1% of the Group’s total assets, no additional contribution to the statutory insurance fund is required. |
20 NET INVESTMENT INCOMEF-61
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | For the year ended December 31, | | | |
| | | | | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | |
| | | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | |
Debt securities | | | | 22,688 | | | 16,678 | | | 12,384 | | | |
—held-to-maturity securities | | | | 9,245 | | | 8,305 | | | 7,341 | | | |
—available-for-sale securities | | | | 13,074 | | | 7,881 | | | 4,825 | | | |
—at fair value through income (held-for-trading) | | | | 369 | | | 492 | | | 218 | | | |
Equity securities | | | | 10,097 | | | 19,400 | | | 4,662 | | | |
—available-for-sale securities | | | | 9,566 | | | 15,728 | | | 3,591 | | | |
—at fair value through income (held-for-trading) | | | | 531 | | | 3,672 | | | 1,071 | | | |
Bank deposits | | | | 11,378 | | | 9,094 | | | 8,207 | | | |
Loans | | | | 696 | | | 248 | | | 80 | | | |
Securities purchased under agreements to resell | | | | 77 | | | 206 | | | 23 | | | |
Other | | | | (3 | ) | | 2 | | | — | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Subtotal | | | | 44,933 | | | 45,628 | | | 25,356 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | | | | (438 | ) | | (1,281 | ) | | (270 | ) | | |
Investment expenses | | | | (445 | ) | | (327 | ) | | (144 | ) | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | 44,050 | | | 44,020 | | | 24,942 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Included in net investment income is interest income of RMB34,851 million (2007: RMB26,238 million, 2006: RMB20,671 million) using the effective interest method. The interest income of impaired assets for the year ended December 31, 2008 is zero (2007: RMB463 million, 2006: Nil).
21 NET REALIZED GAINS/(LOSSES) ON FINANCIAL ASSETS
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the year ended December 31, | |
| | | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
Debt securities | | | | | | | | | |
Gross realized gains | | 443 | | | 388 | | | 20 | |
Gross realized losses | | (59 | ) | | (1,256 | ) | | (26 | ) |
Impairments | | 2,023 | | | (3,403 | ) | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Subtotal | | 2,407 | | | (4,271 | ) | | (6 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
Equity securities | | | | | | | | | |
Gross realized gains | | 16,586 | | | 19,868 | | | 1,601 | |
Gross realized losses | | (9,765 | ) | | (212 | ) | | — | |
Impairments | | (15,744 | ) | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Subtotal | | (8,923 | ) | | 19,656 | | | 1,601 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total | | (6,516 | ) | | 15,385 | | | 1,595 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the year ended 31 December | |
| | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Debt securities | | | 23,759 | | | | 22,690 | |
| | | | | | | |
| — held-to-maturity securities | | | 9,882 | | | | 9,245 | |
| — available-for-sale securities | | | 13,580 | | | | 13,074 | |
| — at fair value through income | | | 297 | | | | 371 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Equity securities | | | 3,146 | | | | 10,093 | |
| | | | | | | |
| — available-for-sale securities | | | 3,108 | | | | 9,563 | |
| — at fair value through income | | | 38 | | | | 530 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Bank deposits | | | 10,805 | | | | 11,378 | |
| Loans | | | 1,172 | | | | 696 | |
| Securities purchased under agreements to resell | | | 8 | | | | 89 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 38,890 | | | | 44,946 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | Included in investment income is interest income of RMB 35,744 million (2008: RMB 34,853 million) using the effective interest method. |
During the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company recognized impairment expense of RMB15,744 million (2007: RMB3,403 million, 2006:Nil) of available for sale securities for which the Company determined that objective impairment evidence of impairment existed.F-62
During the year ended December 31, 2008, RMB2,023 million (2007: Nil, 2006: Nil) of previously recognized impairment losses relating to certain available for sale debt securities decreased. This decrease related objectively to certain events occurring after the impairment was recognized and as such the previously recognized impairment loss was reversed.
The proceeds from sales and maturities of available-for-sale securities and the gross realized gains or losses for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
Proceeds from sales and maturities of available-for-sale securities | | 80,139 | | | 79,287 | | | 49,902 | |
Gross realized gains | | 17,029 | | | 20,256 | | | 1,621 | |
Gross realized losses | | (9,824 | ) | | (1,468 | ) | | (26 | ) |
22 NET FAIR VALUE GAINS ON ASSETS AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH INCOME (HELD-FOR-TRADING)
| | | | | | | |
| | | For the year ended December 31, |
| | | 2008 | | | 2007 | | 2006 |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | RMB million |
Debt securities | | 287 | | | 366 | | 305 |
Equity securities | | (7,583 | ) | | 18,477 | | 19,739 |
| | | | | | | |
Total | | (7,296 | ) | | 18,843 | | 20,044 |
| | | | | | | |
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | 19 | | NET REALISED GAINS/(LOSSES) ON FINANCIAL ASSETS |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the year ended 31 December | |
| | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Debt securities | | | | | | | | |
| Net realised gains | | | 3,146 | | | | 422 | |
| Impairments | | | 200 | | | | 2,023 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Subtotal | | | 3,346 | | | | 2,445 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Equity securities | | | | | | | | |
| Net realised gains | | | 20,248 | | | | 7,335 | |
| Impairments | | | (2,350 | ) | | | (15,744 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Subtotal | | | 17,898 | | | | (8,409 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 21,244 | | | | (5,964 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
| | Net realised gains/(losses) on financial assets are from available-for-sale securities. |
|
| | During the year ended 31 December 2009, the Company recognized impairment expense of RMB 2,350 million (2008: RMB 15,744 million) of available-for-sale securities for which the Company determined that objective impairment evidence of impairment existed. |
|
| | As at the end of 31 December 2008, the Company held RMB 400 million available-for-sale securities, entrusted to Minfa, which had been impaired entirely due to Minfa’s bankruptcy. During the year, Minfa’s bankruptcy administrator according to the Fuzhou Intermediate People’s Court’s final resolution ([2008] No. 2-7) dated 31 December 2009 granted the Company certain listed shares with total fair value of RMB 200 million as of 31 December 2009 as a first distribution. Consequently the Company has reversed RMB 200 million impaired losses. The Company has completed the ownership registration of these listed shares on 11 January 2010. |
|
| | During the year ended 31 December 2008, RMB 2,023 million of previously recognized impairment losses relating to certain available-for-sale debt securities decreased. This decrease related objectively to certain events occurring after the impairment was recognized and as such the previously recognized impairment loss was reversed. |
|
| 20 | | NET FAIR VALUE GAINS/(LOSSES) ON ASSETS AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH INCOME |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the year ended 31 December | |
| | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Debt securities | | | (277 | ) | | | 300 | |
| Equity securities | | | 1,726 | | | | (7,494 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 1,449 | | | | (7,194 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
23 INSURANCE BENEFITS AND CLAIMSF-63
| | | | | | | |
| | | Gross | | Ceded | | | Net |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million | | | RMB million |
For the year ended December 31, 2008 | | | | | | | |
Life insurance death and other benefits | | 17,793 | | (16 | ) | | 17,777 |
Accident and health claims and claim adjustment expenses | | 7,618 | | (65 | ) | | 7,553 |
Increase in long-term traditional insurance contracts | | 55,287 | | (6 | ) | | 55,281 |
Interest credited to long-term investment type insurance contracts | | 9,212 | | — | | | 9,212 |
| | | | | | | |
Total insurance benefits and claims | | 89,910 | | (87 | ) | | 89,823 |
| | | | | | | |
For the year ended December 31, 2007 | | | | | | | |
Life insurance death and other benefits | | 17,444 | | (14 | ) | | 17,430 |
Accident and health claims and claim adjustment expenses | | 6,433 | | (90 | ) | | 6,343 |
Increase in long-term traditional insurance contracts | | 45,337 | | (3 | ) | | 45,334 |
Interest credited to long-term investment type insurance contracts | | 7,181 | | — | | | 7,181 |
| | | | | | | |
Total insurance benefits and claims | | 76,395 | | (107 | ) | | 76,288 |
| | | | | | | |
For the year ended December 31, 2006 | | | | | | | |
Life insurance death and other benefits | | 10,814 | | (17 | ) | | 10,797 |
Accident and health claims and claim adjustment expenses | | 7,209 | | (210 | ) | | 6,999 |
Increase in long-term traditional insurance contracts | | 44,264 | | (26 | ) | | 44,238 |
Interest credited to long-term investment type insurance contracts | | 6,386 | | — | | | 6,386 |
| | | | | | | |
Total insurance benefits and claims | | 68,673 | | (253 | ) | | 68,420 |
| | | | | | | |
24 NET PROFIT BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSES
Net profit before income tax expenses is stated after charging the following:
| | | | | | |
| | | For the year ended December 31, |
| | | 2008 | | 2007 | | 2006 |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million | | RMB million |
Employee salary and welfare cost | | 5,089 | | 5,766 | | 4,197 |
Housing benefits | | 336 | | 272 | | 256 |
Contribution to the defined contribution pension plan | | 873 | | 575 | | 358 |
Depreciation | | 1,241 | | 1,020 | | 848 |
Exchange loss | | 907 | | 1,032 | | 639 |
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
25 TAXATION
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when the deferred income tax relate to the same fiscal authority.
(a) The amount of taxation charged to the consolidated income statement represents:
| | | | | | | | |
| | | For the year ended December 31, |
| | | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million |
Current taxation—enterprises income tax | | 2,077 | | | 8,730 | | | 858 |
Deferred taxation | | (687 | ) | | (2,399 | ) | | 4,696 |
| | | | | | | | |
Taxation charges | | 1,390 | | | 6,331 | | | 5,554 |
| | | | | | | | |
(b) The reconciliation between the Group’s effective tax rate and the statutory tax rate of 25% in the PRC (for the year ended December 31, 2007 and 2006: 33%) is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the year ended December 31, | |
| | | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
Net profit before income tax expenses | | 22,804 | | | 45,391 | | | 25,605 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Tax computed at the statutory tax rate | | 5,701 | | | 14,979 | | | 8,450 | |
Non-taxable income | | (4,530 | ) | | (6,802 | ) | | (3,250 | ) |
Additional tax liability from expenses not deductible for tax purposes | | 196 | | | 1,310 | | | 354 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Other | | 23 | | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Effect on change in statutory tax rate | | — | | | (3,156 | ) | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Income taxes at effective tax rate | | 1,390 | | | 6,331 | | | 5,554 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| 21 | | INSURANCE BENEFITS AND CLAIMS |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Gross | | | Ceded | | | Net | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
For the year ended 31 December 2009 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Life insurance death and other benefits | | | 74,876 | | | | (18 | ) | | | 74,858 | |
| Accident and health claims and claim adjustment expenses | | | 7,909 | | | | (101 | ) | | | 7,808 | |
| Increase in insurance contracts | | | 154,374 | | | | (2 | ) | | | 154,372 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total insurance benefits and claims | | | 237,159 | | | | (121 | ) | | | 237,038 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
For the year ended 31 December 2008 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Life insurance death and other benefits | | | 89,677 | | | | (18 | ) | | | 89,659 | |
| Accident and health claims and claim adjustment expenses | | | 7,703 | | | | (62 | ) | | | 7,641 | |
| Increase in insurance contracts | | | 134,690 | | | | (41 | ) | | | 134,649 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total insurance benefits and claims | | | 232,070 | | | | (121 | ) | | | 231,949 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| 22 | | INVESTMENT CONTRACT BENEFITS |
| | | Benefits of investment contract are mainly the interest credited to investment contracts and universal life contracts. |
|
| 23 | | NET PROFIT BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSES |
|
| | Net profit before income tax expenses is stated after charging the following: |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the year ended 31 December | |
| | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Employee salary and welfare cost | | | 7,773 | | | | 5,089 | |
| Housing benefits | | | 472 | | | | 336 | |
| Contribution to the defined contribution pension plan | | | 1,182 | | | | 873 | |
| Depreciation and amortisation | | | 1,560 | | | | 1,358 | |
| Interest expenses on securities sold under the agreements to repurchase | | | 111 | | | | 438 | |
| Exchange loss | | | 28 | | | | 907 | |
F-64
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DEC 2009
| 24 | | TAXATION |
|
| | Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when the deferred income tax relate to the same fiscal authority. |
|
| (a) | | The amount of taxation charged to the net profit represents |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the year ended 31 December | |
| | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Current taxation — Enterprise income tax | | | 6,299 | | | | 2,078 | |
| Deferred taxation | | | 2,410 | | | | (1,393 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Taxation charges | | | 8,709 | | | | 685 | |
| | | | | | | |
| (b) | | The reconciliation between the Group’s effective tax rate and the statutory tax rate of 25% in the PRC (for the year ended 31 December 2008: 25%) is as follows: |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | For the year ended 31 December | |
| | | | | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net profit before income tax expenses | | | | | | | 41,745 | | | | 19,959 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Tax computed at the statutory tax rate | | | | | | | 10,436 | | | | 4,990 | |
| Non-taxable income | | | (i | ) | | | (2,627 | ) | | | (4,524 | ) |
| Additional tax liability from expenses not deductible for tax purposes | | | (i | ) | | | 520 | | | | 196 | |
| Unused tax losses | | | | | | | 25 | | | | 23 | |
| Other | | | | | | | 355 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Income taxes at effective tax rate | | | | | | | 8,709 | | | | 685 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (i) | | Non-taxable income mainly includes interest income from government bonds and fund distribution. Expenses not deductible for tax purposes mainly include commission, brokerage and donation expenses in excess of deductible amounts as allowed by relevant tax regulations. |
F-65
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DEC 2009
| 24 | | TAXATION (continued) |
|
| (c) | | The movement in deferred tax assets and liabilities during the year is as follows: |
|
| | As at 31 December 2009, deferred income taxation is calculated in full on temporary differences under the liability method using a principal taxation rate of 25%. |
|
| | Deferred tax |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Insurance | | | Investment | | | Others | | | Total | |
| | | RMB | | | RMB | | | RMB | | | RMB | |
| | | million | | | million | | | million | | | million | |
| | | (i) | | (ii) | | (iii) | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| As at 1 January 2008 | | | (2,372 | ) | | | (20,625 | ) | | | — | | | | (22,997 | ) |
| (Charged) / credited to net profit | | | (4,154 | ) | | | 4,966 | | | | 581 | | | | 1,393 | |
| (Charged) / credited to other comprehensive income | | | (2,926 | ) | | | 14,186 | | | | — | | | | 11,260 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| - Available-for-sale securities | | | — | | | | 14,186 | | | | — | | | | 14,186 | |
| - Others | | | (2,926 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (2,926 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at 31 December 2008 | | | (9,452 | ) | | | (1,473 | ) | | | 581 | | | | (10,344 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| As at 1 January 2009 | | | (9,452 | ) | | | (1,473 | ) | | | 581 | | | | (10,344 | ) |
| (Charged) / credited to net profit | | | (79 | ) | | | (2,404 | ) | | | 73 | | | | (2,410 | ) |
| (Charged) / credited to other comprehensive income | | | 1,000 | | | | (4,607 | ) | | | — | | | | (3,607 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| - Available-for-sale securities | | | — | | | | (4,607 | ) | | | — | | | | (4,607 | ) |
| - Others | | | 1,000 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at 31 December 2009 | | | (8,531 | ) | | | (8,484 | ) | | | 654 | | | | (16,361 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (i) | | The deferred tax arising from the insurance is mainly related to the temporary difference of short duration insurance contracts liabilities, policyholder dividend payables and impacts of adoption of MoF new guidance as disclosed in Note 2.1; |
|
| (iii) | | The deferred tax arising from the investments is mainly related to the temporary difference of unrealised gains/(losses) of available-for-sale securities and securities at fair value through income; |
|
| (iv) | | The deferred tax arising from others is mainly related to the temporary difference of employee salary and welfare cost payables. |
F-66
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DEC 2009
| 24 | | TAXATION (continued) |
|
| (c) | | The movement in deferred tax assets and liabilities during the year is as follows (continued): |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 31 | | | As at 31 | | | As at 1 | |
| | | December 2009 | | | December 2008 | | | January 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Deferred tax assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| - deferred tax assets to be recovered after more than 12 months | | | 6,063 | | | | 7,115 | | | | 7,276 | |
| - deferred tax assets to be recovered within 12 months | | | 592 | | | | 540 | | | | 1,046 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Subtotal | | | 6,655 | | | | 7,655 | | | | 8,322 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Deferred tax liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| - deferred tax liabilities to be settled after more than 12 months | | | (22,668 | ) | | | (17,651 | ) | | | (31,023 | ) |
| - deferred tax liabilities to be settled within 12 months | | | (348 | ) | | | (348 | ) | | | (296 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Subtotal | | | (23,016 | ) | | | (17,999 | ) | | | (31,319 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total net deferred income tax liabilities | | | (16,361 | ) | | | (10,344 | ) | | | (22,997 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| 25 | | EARNINGS PER SHARE |
|
| | There is no difference between basic and diluted earnings per share. The basic and diluted earnings per share for the year ended 31 December 2009 are based on the weighted average number of 28,264,705,000 ordinary shares (for the year ended 31 December 2008: 28,264,705,000). |
F-67
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DEC 2009
| 26 | | STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS |
|
| | Stock appreciation rights have been awarded in units, with each unit representing the value of one H share. No shares of common stock will be issued under the stock appreciation rights plan. According to the Company’s plan, all stock appreciation rights will have an exercise period of five years from date of award and will not be exercisable before the fourth anniversary of the date of award unless specified market or other conditions have been met. The exercise price of stock appreciation rights will be the average closing price of the shares in the five trading days prior to the date of the award. Upon the exercise of stock appreciation rights, exercising recipients will receive payments in RMB, subject to any withholding tax, equal to the number of stock appreciation rights exercised times the difference between the exercise price and market price of the H shares at the time of exercise. |
|
| | The Board of Directors of the Company approved, on 5 January 2006, an award of stock appreciation rights of 4.05 million units and on 21 August 2006, another award of stock appreciation rights of 53.22 million units to eligible employees. The exercise prices of the two awards were HK$5.33 and HK$6.83, respectively, the average closing price of shares in the five trading days prior to 1 July 2005 and 1 January 2006, the dates for vesting and exercise price setting purposes of this award. No stock appreciation right was exercised, forfeited or expired in 2009. As at 31 December 2009, there are 55.71 million units outstanding (as at 31 December 2008: 55.71 million) and 55.71 million units exercisable (as at 31 December 2008: 55.71 million). As at 31 December 2009, the amount of intrinsic value for the vested stock appreciation rights is RMB 1,551 million (as at 31 December 2008: RMB 826 million). |
|
| | The fair value of the stock appreciation rights is estimated on the date of valuation using lattice-based option valuation models based on expected volatility from 60% to 70%, an expected dividend yield of no higher than 0.5% and risk-free interest rate from 0.2% to 0.3%. |
|
| | As at 31 December 2009, the Company charged compensation cost of RMB 839 million (as at 31 December 2008: reversed RMB 574 million) which was included in net profit. RMB 1,542 million and RMB 13 million were included in Salary and staff welfare payable for the units not exercised and exercised but not paid as at 31 December 2009 (as at 31 December 2008: RMB 703 million and RMB 13 million respectively). |
|
| 27 | | DIVIDENDS |
|
| | Pursuant to the shareholders’ approval at the Annual General Meeting in May 2009, a final dividend of RMB 0.23 per ordinary share totalling RMB 6,501 million in respect of the year ended 31 December 2008 was declared and was paid in 2009. These dividends have been recorded in the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2009. |
|
| | Pursuant to a resolution passed at the meeting of the Board of Directors on 7 April 2010, a final dividend of RMB 0.70 per ordinary share totalling approximately RMB 19,785 million for the year ended 31 December 2009 was proposed for shareholders’ approval at the Annual General Meeting. The dividend has not been provided in the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2009. |
F-68
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DEC 2009
| 28 | | SIGNIFICANT RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS |
|
| (a) | | Related parties where control exists |
|
| | The information of parent company is as follows: |
| | (ii) | On March 16, 2007, | | | | | | | | |
| | Location of | | | | Relationship with | | Nature of | | Legal |
| Name | | registration | | Principal business | | the National People’s Congress approved the Corporate Income Tax Lawcompany | | economic | | Representative |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| CLIC | | Beijing, China | | Life insurance, health and accident insurance and other types of personal insurance and reinsurance. Funds management business under permission of national laws and regulations or State Council of the People’s Republic of China (the new “CIT Law”).China. Various types of personal insurance, Consulting and agency services. Other business under approvals by National Insurance Supervisors department’s | | Immediate and ultimate holding company | | State owned | | Chao Yang |
| (b) | | Registered capital and changes for related parties where control exists |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 31 December 2008 | | | Increase | | | Decrease | | | As at 31 December 2009 | |
| Name of related party | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| CLIC | | | 4,600 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 4,600 | |
| China Life Asset Management Company Limited (“AMC”) | | | 1,000 | | | | 2,000 | | | | — | | | | 3,000 | |
| China Life Pension Company Limited (“Pension Company”) | | | 2,500 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,500 | |
| China Life Franklin Asset Management Co, Limited (“AMC HK”) | | HKD 60 million | | | | — | | | | — | | | HKD 60 million | |
| Note: | | In February 2009, the Company, AMC and CLIC entered into an agreement, whereby AMC’s registered capital increased to RMB 2,000 million. The new CIT Law reducesCompany subscribed for RMB 1,200 million, in the domestic corporate income tax rate from 33% to 25% with effect from January 1, 2008.form of RMB 1,080 million cash and RMB 120 million retained earnings. CLIC subscribed for RMB 800 million, in the form of RMB 720 million cash and RMB 80 million retained earnings. CIRC approved the change of registered capital in April 2009. |
|
| (c) | | Shares held and the changes for related parties where control exists |
(c) As at December 31, 2008, deferred income taxation is calculated in full on temporary differences under the liability method using a principal taxation rate of 25%.
The movement on the deferred income tax liabilities account is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 31 December 2008 | | | | | | | | | | | As at 31 December 2009 | |
| | | Amount | | | Percentage of | | | Increase | | | Decrease | | | Amount | | | Percentage of | |
| Shareholder | | RMB million | | | holding | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | holding | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| CLIC | | | 19,324 | | | | 68.40 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | 19,324 | | | | 68.40 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 31 December 2008 | | | | | | | | | | | As at 31 December 2009 | |
| | | Amount | | | Percentage of | | | Increase | | | Decrease | | | Amount | | | Percentage of | |
| Subsidiaries | | RMB million | | | holding | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | holding | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| AMC | | | 600 | | | | 60.00 | % | | | 1,080 | | | | — | | | | 1,680 | | | | 60.00 | % |
| Pension Company | | | 2,305 | | | | 92.20 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,305 | | | | 92.20 | % |
| AMC HK | | HK$30 million | | | | 50.00 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | HK$30 million | | | | 50.00 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
| | | RMB million | �� | | RMB million | |
As at 1 January | | 24,786 | | | 19,022 | |
Deferred taxation charged to income statement | | (687 | ) | | (2,399 | ) |
Deferred taxation charged to equity | | (11,530 | ) | | 8,163 | |
| | | | | | |
As at 31 December | | 12,569 | | | 24,786 | |
| | | | | | |
F-69
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
(d) The movement in deferred tax assets and liabilities during the year is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Deferred tax | | Long-term
insurance
contracts and
investment
contracts | | | Short-term
insurance
contracts | | | Investments | | | DAC | | | Others | | Total | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | RMB million | |
As at January 1, 2007 | | 6,051 | | | 658 | | | (12,963 | ) | | (12,944 | ) | | 176 | | (19,022 | ) |
(Charged) / credited to income statement | | (5,247 | ) | | (304 | ) | | 5,238 | | | 2,502 | | | 210 | | 2,399 | |
(Charged)/credited to equity | | 1,902 | | | — | | | (10,295 | ) | | 230 | | | — | | (8,163 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at December 31, 2007 | | 2,706 | | | 354 | | | (18,020 | ) | | (10,212 | ) | | 386 | | (24,786 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at January 1, 2008 | | 2,706 | | | 354 | | | (18,020 | ) | | (10,212 | ) | | 386 | | (24,786 | ) |
(Charged) / credited to income statement | | (227 | ) | | 54 | | | 3,750 | | | (3,361 | ) | | 471 | | 687 | |
(Charged)/credited to equity | | (1,666 | ) | | — | | | 14,188 | | | (992 | ) | | — | | 11,530 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at December 31, 2008 | | 813 | | | 408 | | | (82 | ) | | (14,565 | ) | | 857 | | (12,569 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | As at December 31, | |
| | | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
Deferred tax assets: | | | | | | |
—deferred tax asset to be recovered after more than 12 months | | 5,714 | | | 8,042 | |
—deferred tax asset to be recovered within 12 months | | 3,917 | | | 1,027 | |
| | | | | | |
Subtotal | | 9,631 | | | 9,069 | |
| | | | | | |
Deferred tax liabilities: | | | | | | |
—deferred tax liability to be settled after more than 12 months | | (21,771 | ) | | (33,504 | ) |
—deferred tax liability to be settled within 12 months | | (429 | ) | | (351 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Subtotal | | (22,200 | ) | | (33,855 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Total net deferred income tax liabilities | | (12,569 | ) | | (24,786 | ) |
| | | | | | |
26 EARNINGS PER SHARE
There is no difference between basic and diluted earnings per share. The basic and diluted earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2008 are based on the weighted average number of 28,264,705,000 ordinary shares (for the year ended December 31, 2007: 28,264,705,000, for the year ended December 31, 2006: 26,777,033,767).
27 STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS
Stock appreciation rights have been awarded in units, with each unit representing the value of one H share. No shares of common stock will be issued under the stock appreciation rights plan. According to the Company’s plan, all stock appreciation rights will have an exercise period of five years from date of award and will not be exercisable before the fourth anniversary of the date of award unless specified market or other conditions have been met. The exercise price of stock appreciation rights will be the average closing price of the shares in the five trading days prior to the date of the award. Upon the exercise of stock appreciation rights, exercising recipients
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
will receive payments in RMB, subject to any withholding tax, equal to the number of stock appreciation rights exercised times the difference between the exercise price and market price of the H shares at the time of exercise.
The Board of Directors of the Company approved, on January 5, 2006, an award of stock appreciation rights of 4.05 million units and on August 21, 2006, another award of stock appreciation rights of 53.22 million units to eligible employees. The exercise prices of the two awards were HK$5.33 and HK$6.83, respectively, the average closing price of shares in the five trading days prior to July 1, 2005 and January 1, 2006, the dates for vesting and exercise price setting purposes of this award. No stock appreciation right was exercised, forfeited or expired in 2008. As at December 31, 2008, there are 55.71 million units outstanding (as at December 31, 2007: 55.71 million) and 55.71 million units exercisable (as at December 31, 2007: 36.62 million) . As at December 31, 2008, the amount of intrinsic value for the vested stock appreciation rights is RMB826 million (as at December 31, 2007: RMB1,152 million).
The fair value of the stock appreciation rights is estimated on the date of valuation using lattice-based option valuation models based on expected volatility from 60% to 70%, an expected dividend yield of no higher than 0.5% and risk-free interest rates from 0.2% to 0.3%.
As at December 31, 2008, the Company reversed compensation cost of RMB574 million (as at December 31, 2007: charged RMB846 million) which was included in administrative expenses. RMB703 million and RMB13 million were included in other liabilities (Note 18) for the units not exercised and exercised but not paid as at December 31, 2008 (as at December 31, 2007: RMB1,277 million and RMB13 million respectively). The unrecognised compensation cost of outstanding units is approximately RMB121 million as at December 31, 2008 (as at December 31, 2007: RMB471 million), which is expected to be recognized within the next year.
On June 12, 2007, another award of stock appreciation rights was approved by the Board of Directors of the Company. The exercise price of the award was HK$25.71, the average closing price of shares in the five trading days prior to January 1, 2007. As at December 31, 2008, the stock appreciation rights had not been granted.
28 DIVIDENDS
Pursuant to the shareholders’ approval at the Annual General Meeting in May 2008, a final dividend of RMB0.42 per ordinary share totalling RMB11,871 million in respect of the year ended December 31, 2007 was declared and was paid in July 2008. These dividends have been recorded in the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2008.
Pursuant to a resolution passed at the meeting of the Board of Directors on March 25,DEC 2009 a final dividend of RMB0.23 per ordinary share totalling approximately RMB6,501 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 was proposed for shareholders’ approval at the Annual General Meeting. The dividend has not been provided in the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2008.
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
29 SIGNIFICANT RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
(a) Related parties
Related parties are those parties which have the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operating decisions. Parties are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control or common significant influence. The table set forth below summarizes the names of significant related parties and nature of relationship with the Company as at December 31, 2008:
| 28 | | SIGNIFICANT RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (continued) |
| (d) | | Related parties |
|
| | Related parties are those parties which have the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operating decisions. Parties are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control or common significant influence. The table set forth below summarises the names of significant related parties and nature of relationship with the Company as at 31 December 2009: |
| | |
| Significant related party | | Relationship with the Company |
China Life Insurance (Group) Company (“CLIC”) | | |
| CLIC | | The ultimate holding company |
| |
China Life Asset Management Company Limited (“AMC”)AMC | | A subsidiary of the Company |
| |
| GDB | | An associate of the Company |
| |
| CLP&C | | An associate of the Company and under common control of the ultimate holding company |
| |
China Life Pension Company Limited (“Pension Company”) | | A subsidiary of the Company |
| |
China Life Real Estate Co., Limited (“CLRE”, former Beijing Zhongbaoxin Real Estate Development Co., Limited (“Zhongbaoxin”)Limited) | | A subsidiary of a subsidiary of the ultimate holding company |
| |
China Life Insurance (Overseas) Co., Limited. ( “ChinaLimited (“China Life Overseas”) | | Under common control of the ultimate holding company |
| |
China Life Franklin Asset Management Co., Limited (“AMC HK”)HK | | A subsidiary of a subsidiary of the Company |
| |
| CIB | | An associate of the Company |
| |
| China Life Investment Holding Company Limited (“IHC”) | | Under common control of the ultimate holding company |
| Chengdu Insurance Institution | | Under common control of the ultimate holding company |
| China Life Enterprise Annuity Fund (“EAP”) | | A pension fund operated for the benefit of employees in the Company and AMC |
| Note: | | In July 2009, CLIC, the Company and the AMC entered into an agreement, whereby they agreed to establish a defined contribution enterprise annuity fund for their employees. |
F-70
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | 28 | | SIGNIFICANT RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (continued) |
|
| (e) | | Transactions with significant related parties |
|
| | The following table summarises significant transactions carried out by the Group with its significant related parties for the year ended 31 December 2009. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | For the year ended 31 December | |
| | | | | | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | Note | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
Transactions with CLIC and its subsidiaries | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Policy management fee income earned from CLIC | | (i | ) | | | 1,193 | | | | 1,298 | |
| Asset management fee earned from CLIC | | (ii | ) | | | 112 | | | | 243 | |
| Additional capital contribution to AMC from CLIC | | | | | | | | 720 | | | | — | |
| Rewards from CLIC for non-transferred policies | | (iii | ) | | | — | | | | 88 | |
| Dividends to CLIC | | | | | | | | 4,444 | | | | 8,116 | |
| Property leasing expense charged by CLIC | | (iv | ) | | | — | | | | 33 | |
| Dividends to CLIC from AMC | | | | | | | | 104 | | | | 93 | |
| Non-performing assets management fee earned from CLIC and others | | | | | | | | — | | | | 16 | |
| Asset management fee earned from China Life Overseas | | (ii | ) | | | 15 | | | | 15 | |
| Asset management fee earned from CLP&C | | (ii | ) | | | 3 | | | | 2 | |
| Property insurance payments to CLP&C | | | | | | | | 37 | | | | 29 | |
| Claim payment and others to the Company from CLP&C | | | | | | | | 41 | | | | 46 | |
| Brokerage fee from CLP&C | | (v | ) | | | 129 | | | | 79 | |
| Additional capital contribution to CLP&C | | (vi | ) | | | — | | | | 1,200 | |
| Rentals and policy management fee income earned from CLP&C | | | | | | | | 36 | | | | — | |
| Rentals, project payments and others to CLRE | | (vii | ) | | | 8 | | | | 18 | |
| Property leasing expense charged by IHC | | (iv | ) | | | 64 | | | | 33 | |
| Asset management fee earned from IHC | | | | | | | | 7 | | | | 21 | |
| Services fee and other income earned from IHC | | | | | | | | 30 | | | | — | |
| Asset purchase payments to Chengdu Insurance Institution | | | | | | | | 19 | | | | — | |
Transaction with GDB | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest income earned from GDB | | | | | | | | 309 | | | | 361 | |
| Brokerage fee charged by GDB | | (viii | ) | | | 20 | | | | 25 | |
| Dividends from GDB | | | | | | | | 55 | | | | — | |
Transaction with EAP | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Payment to EAP | | | | | | | | 298 | | | | — | |
Transaction with AMC | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Asset management fee expense charged to the Company by AMC | | (ii | ) | | | 540 | | | | 362 | |
| Dividends to the Company | | | | | | | | 156 | | | | 140 | |
| Payments of insurance policies by AMC to the Company | | | | | | | | 1 | | | | 1 | |
| Brokerage fee to the Company | | (ix | ) | | | 5 | | | | 1 | |
| Additional capital contribution to AMC | | | | | | | | 1,080 | | | | — | |
Transaction with Pension Company | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Additional capital contribution to Pension Company | | (x | ) | | | — | | | | 1,855 | |
| Surcharge on building sold to Pension Company | | (xi | ) | | | 244 | | | | — | |
| Expenses paid on behalf of Pension Company | | | | | | | | 86 | | | | 79 | |
| IT services fee income earned from Pension Company | | | | | | | | 2 | | | | — | |
| Investment brokerage fee charged by the Company | | | | | | | | 2 | | | | — | |
| Brokerage fee to the Company | | (ix | ) | | | 3 | | | | 1 | |
Transaction with AMC HK | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Investment management fee expense charged to the Company by AMC HK | | (ii | ) | | | 8 | | | | 7 | |
(b) Transactions with significant related partiesF-71
The following table summarizes significant transactions carried out by the Group with its significant related parties for the year ended December 31, 2008.
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | For the year ended December 31, |
| | | Note | | 2008 | | 2007 | | 2006 |
| | | | | RMB million | | RMB million | | RMB million |
Transactions with CLIC and its subsidiaries | | | | | | | | |
Policy management fee income earned from CLIC | | (i) | | 1,298 | | 1,426 | | 1,555 |
Asset management fee earned from CLIC | | (ii) | | 243 | | 104 | | 84 |
Rewards from CLIC for non-transferred policies | | (iii) | | 88 | | 70 | | 177 |
Dividends to CLIC | | | | 8,116 | | 2,705 | | 966 |
Property, plant and equipment purchased from CLIC | | | | — | | 495 | | — |
Property leasing expense charged by CLIC | | (iv) | | 33 | | 66 | | 168 |
Dividends to CLIC from AMC | | | | 93 | | 42 | | — |
Non-performing assets management fee earned from CLIC and others | | | | 16 | | — | | — |
Pre-operating salary expenses paid on behalf of Pension Company by CLIC | | | | — | | 9 | | — |
Asset management fee earned from China Life Overseas | | (ii) | | 15 | | 15 | | — |
Asset management fee earned from CLP&C | | (ii) | | 2 | | 4 | | — |
Property insurance payments to CLP&C | | | | 29 | | 24 | | — |
Claim payment and others to the Company from CLP&C | | | | 46 | | — | | — |
Brokerage fee and others from CLP&C | | (v) | | 79 | | — | | — |
Additional capital contribution to CLP&C | | (vi) | | 1,200 | | — | | — |
Rentals, deposits and project payments to Zhongbaoxin | | (vii) | | 18 | | 16 | | 36 |
Property leasing expense charged by IHC | | (iv) | | 33 | | — | | — |
Asset management fee earned from IHC | | (viii) | | 21 | | — | | — |
Transaction with GDB | | | | | | | | |
Interest income earned from GDB | | | | 361 | | 140 | | — |
Brokerage fee charged by GDB | | (ix) | | 25 | | 7 | | — |
Transaction with AMC | | | | | | | | |
Asset management fee expense charged to the Company by AMC | | (ii) | | 362 | | 390 | | 283 |
Dividends to the Company | | | | 140 | | 62 | | — |
Insurance payments and other payments to the Company by AMC | | (ii) | | 1 | | — | | — |
Brokerage fee to the Company | | (x) | | 1 | | — | | — |
Transaction with Pension Company | | | | | | | | |
Additional capital contribution to Pension Company | | (xi) | | 1,855 | | — | | — |
Expenses paid on behalf of Pension Company | | | | 79 | | 8 | | — |
Brokerage fee to the Company | | (x) | | 1 | | — | | — |
Transaction with AMC HK | | | | | | | | |
Investment management fee expense charged to the Company by AMC HK | | (ii) | | 7 | | — | | — |
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | 28 | | SIGNIFICANT RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (continued) |
|
| (e) | | Transactions with significant related parties (continued) |
|
Note: |
|
| (i) | | As part of the restructuring, CLIC transferred its entire branch services network to the Company. CLIC and the Company have entered into an agreement on 24 December 2005 to engage the Company to provide policy administration services to CLIC relating to the non-transferred policies. The Company, as a service provider, does not acquire any rights or assume any obligations as an insurer under the non-transferred policies. In consideration of the services provided under the agreement, CLIC will pay the Company a policy management fee based on the estimated cost of providing the services, to which a profit margin is added. The policy management fee is equal to, for each semi-annual payment period, the sum of (1) the number of non-transferred policies in force that were within their policy term as at the last day of the period, multiplied by RMB8.00 per policy and (2) 2.50% of the actual premiums and deposits in respect of such policies collected during the period. The agreement would be automatically renewed for a three year term subject to compliance with the Stock Exchange regulations unless a written notice of non renewal is issued by the Company or the Group 180 days prior to the expiration of the contract or the renewed term. The Company and the Group could modify term of policy management fee based on the current market terms when renewing the contract. Otherwise, the original fee term would apply. On 30 December 2008, the Company and CLIC signed a renewal agreement to extend the contract signed on 24 December 2005 to 31 December 2011, with all the terms unchanged. The policy management fee income is included in other income in consolidated statement of comprehensive income statement. |
|
| (ii) | | In December 2005, CLIC and the AMC have entered into an agreement, whereby CLIC agreed to pay the AMC a service fee at the rate of 0.05% per annum. The service fee was calculated and payable on a monthly basis, by multiplying the average of balance of book value of the assets under management (after deducting the funds obtained and interests accrued from repurchase transactions) at the beginning and at the end of any given month by the rate of 0.05%, divided by 12. Such rate was determined with reference to the applicable management fee rate pre-determined for each specified category of assets managed by the AMC to arrive at a comprehensive service fee rate. On 30 December 2008, CLIC and AMC signed a renewal agreement, which expanded the effective period of the original agreement to 31 December 2011. The service fee is calculated in the same way of original agreement and would be adjusted according to the performance. |
|
| | In December 2005, the Company and the AMC have entered into a separate agreement, whereby the Company agreed to pay the AMC a fixed service fee and a variable service fee. The fixed service fee is payable monthly and is calculated with reference to the net asset value of the assets in each specified category managed by the AMC and the applicable management fee rates pre-determined by the parties on an arm’s length basis. The variable service fee equals to 10% of the fixed service fee per annum payable annually. The service fees were determined by the Company and the AMC based on an analysis of the cost of service, market practice and the size and composition of the asset pool to be managed. On 30 December 2008, the Company and AMC signed a renewal agreement, which expanded the effective period of the original agreement to 31 December 2010. The variable service fee changes to 20% of the fixed service fee per annum payable annually and is adjusted according to the performance. |
|
| | In March 2007, CLP&C and the AMC have entered into an agreement, whereby CLP&C agreed to pay the AMC a fixed service fee and a variable service fee. The agreement expired in December 2008. In 2009, CLP&C and the AMC signed a new agreement, with effective period to 31 December 2010. The agreement is subject to an automatic renewal for one year if there is no objection between both parities when expired. According to the agreement, the fixed service fee is payable monthly and the service fee is calculated and payable on a monthly basis, by multiplying the average of balance of book value of the assets under management at the beginning and at the end of any given month by the rate of 0.05%, divided by 12. The variable service fee is adjusted according to the investment performance. |
|
| | In September 2007, China Life Overseas and the AMC HK have entered into an agreement, whereby China Life Overseas agreed to pay the AMC HK a management service fee at a basis rate and calculated based on actual net investment return yield. In 2009, China Life Overseas and the AMC HK signed a renewal agreement, which expanded the effective period of the original agreement to 31 December 2009. |
Note:F-72
(i) As part of the restructuring, CLIC transferred its entire branch services network to the Company. CLIC and the Company have entered into an agreement on December 24, 2005 to engage the Company to provide policy administration services to CLIC relating to the non-transferred policies. The Company, as a service provider, does not acquire any rights or assume any obligations as an insurer under the non-transferred policies. In consideration of the services provided under the agreement, CLIC will pay the Company a policy management fee based on the estimated cost of providing the services, to which a profit margin is added. The policy management fee is equal to, for each semi-annual payment period, the sum of (1) the number of non-transferred policies in force that were within their policy term as at the last day of the period, multiplied by RMB8.00 per policy and (2) 2.50% of the actual premiums and deposits in respect of such policies collected during the period. The agreement would be automatically renewed for a three year term subject to compliance with the Stock Exchange regulations unless a written notice of non renewal is issued by the Company or the Group 180 days prior to the expiration of the contract or the renewed term. The Company and the Group could modify term of policy management fee based on the current market terms when renewing the contract. Otherwise, the original fee term would apply. On December 30, 2008, the Company and CLIC signed a renewal agreement to extend the contract signed on December 24, 2005 to December 31, 2011, with all the terms unchanged. The policy management fee income is included in other income in consolidated income statement.
(ii) In December 2005, CLIC and the AMC have entered into an agreement, whereby CLIC agreed to pay the AMC a service fee at the rate of 0.05% per annum. The service fee was calculated and payable on a monthly basis, by multiplying the average of balance of book value of the assets under management (after deducting the funds obtained and interests accrued from repurchase transactions) at the beginning and at the end of any given month by the rate of 0.05%, divided by 12. Such rate was determined with reference to the applicable management fee rate pre-determined for each specified category of assets managed by the AMC to arrive at a comprehensive service fee rate. On December 30, 2008, CLIC and AMC signed a renewal agreement, which expanded the effective period of the original agreement to December 31, 2011. The service fee is calculated in the same way of original agreement and would be adjusted according to the performance.
In December 2005, the Company and the AMC have entered into a separate agreement, whereby the Company agreed to pay the AMC a fixed service fee and a variable service fee. The fixed service fee is payable monthly and is calculated with reference to the net asset value of the assets in each specified category managed by the AMC and the applicable management fee rates pre-determined by the parties on an arm’s length basis. The variable service fee equals to 10% of the fixed service fee per annum payable annually. The service fees were determined by the Company and the AMC based on an analysis of the cost of service, market practice and the size and composition of the asset pool to be managed. On December 30, 2008, the Company and AMC signed a renewal agreement, which expanded the effective period of the original agreement to December 31, 2009. The viable service fee changes to 20% of the fixed service fee per annum payable annually and is adjusted according to the performance.
In March 2007, CLP&C and the AMC have entered into an agreement, whereby CLP&C agreed to pay the AMC a fixed service fee and a variable service fee. The fixed service fee is payable monthly and the service fee is calculated and payable on a monthly basis, by multiplying the average of balance of book value of the assets under management at the beginning and at the end of any given month by the rate of 0.2%, divided by 12. The variable service fee equals to 10% of the excess return per annum payable annually.
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | 28 | | SIGNIFICANT RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (continued) |
|
| (e) | | Transactions with significant related parties (continued) |
|
Note: (continued) |
|
| | In April 2007, Pension Company and the AMC have entered into an agreement, whereby Pension Company agreed to pay the AMC a fixed service fee and a bonus for excess return per annum. The agreement expired in December 2008. In 2009, Pension Company and AMC signed a new agreement with effective period to 31 December 2009. The agreement is subject to an automatic renewal for one year if there is no objection between both parties when expired. According to the agreement, the fixed service fee is calculated and payable on a monthly basis, by multiplying the average of balance of book value of the assets under management at the beginning and at the end of any given month by the rate of 0.05%, divided by 12. The bonus equals to 10% of the excess return per annum payable annually. |
| | In May 2008, the Company and the AMC HK have entered into a “Offshore Investment Management Service Agreement for Entrusted Fund”, whereby the Company agreed to pay AMC HK Primary and Secondary Market asset management fee. The fixed asset management fee is calculated on a monthly basis, and paid quarterly. Asset management fee for the Primary market is calculated on a rate of 2% of the total investment realised gains. Asset management fee for the Secondary market is calculated by a fixed rate of 0.45%. |
|
| | The asset management fee charged to the Company and Pension Company by AMC and AMC HK is eliminated in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income statement. |
|
| (iii) | | The Company assisted CLIC to mitigate business risk arising from non-transferred policies, and received in 2008 a fee income of RMB 88 million from CLIC as the reward for such non-transferrable policies. |
|
| (iv) | | In January 2007, the Company has entered into a property leasing agreement with CLIC, pursuant to which CLIC agreed to lease to the Company some of its owned and leased buildings. The annual rent payable by the Company to CLIC in relation to the CLIC owned properties is determined by reference to market rent or, the costs incurred by CLIC in holding and maintaining the properties, plus a margin of approximately 5%. The annual rent payable by the Company to CLIC in relation to the CLIC leased properties is determined by reference to the rent payable under the head lease plus the actual costs incurred by CLIC arising in connection with the subletting of the properties. The Company has directly paid the relevant rental expenses raised from CLIC leased properties to the third-party instead of CLIC. The rental was payed on a semi annual basis and the rent of the buildings subleased by CLIC was payed directly to the owner. The agreement will expire on December 2009. |
|
| | In November 2008, the Company, CLIC and IHC entered into a property leasing transfer agreement. According to the agreement, CLIC has effectively transferred the rights and obligations of the property leasing agreement to IHC in June 2008. Apart from the transfer of the rights and obligations, the terms of the original property leasing agreement remains unchanged. |
|
| (v) | | In November 2008, the Company and CLP&C entered into an agreement, whereby CLP&C entrusted the Company to act as an agent to sell appointed insurance products in authorized areas. The service fee is determined according to cost (tax included) added marginal profit. |
|
| (vi) | | In May 2008, the Company and CLP&C entered into an agreement, whereby CLP&C’s share capital would increase to RMB3,000 million, of which the Company subscribed for RMB1,200 million. The subscription has been paid on 26 May, 2008. CIRC approved the change of registered capital of CLP&C on 6 July, 2008. |
|
| (vii) | | The Group made certain project payments to third parties through CLRE and paid other miscellaneous expenditures mainly comprised of rentals and deposits to CLRE. |
In September 2007, China Life Overseas and the AMC HK have entered into an agreement, whereby China Life Overseas agreed to pay the AMC HK a management service fee at a basis rate and calculated based on actual net investment return yield.F-73
In April 2007, Pension Company and the AMC have entered into an agreement, whereby Pension Company agreed to pay the AMC a fixed service fee and a bonus for excess return per annum. The fixed service fee is calculated and payable on a monthly basis, by multiplying the average of balance of book value of the assets under management at the beginning and at the end of any given month by the rate of 0.05%, divided by 12. The bonus equals to 10% of the excess return per annum payable annually.
In May 2008, the Company and the AMC HK have entered into a “Offshore Investment Management Service Agreement for Entrusted Fund”, whereby the Company agreed to pay AMC HK Primary and Secondary Market asset management fee. The fixed asset management fee is calculated on a monthly basis, and paid quarterly. Asset management fee for the Primary market is calculated on a rate of 2% of the total investment realized gains. Asset management fee for the Secondary market is calculated by a fixed rate of 0.45%.
The asset management fee charged to the Company and Pension Company by AMC and AMC HK is eliminated through the consolidated income statement.
(iii) The Company assisted CLIC to mitigate business risk arising from non-transferred policies, and received in 2008 a fee income of RMB88 million (2007: RMB70 million; 2006: RMB177 million) from CLIC as the reward for such non-transferrable policies.
(iv) In January 2007, the Company has entered into a property leasing agreement with CLIC, pursuant to which CLIC agreed to lease to the Company some of its owned and leased buildings. The annual rent payable by the Company to CLIC in relation to the CLIC owned properties is determined by reference to market rent or, the costs incurred by CLIC in holding and maintaining the properties, plus a margin of approximately 5%. The annual rent payable by the Company to CLIC in relation to the CLIC leased properties is determined by reference to the rent payable under the head lease plus the actual costs incurred by CLIC arising in connection with the subletting of the properties. The Company has directly paid the relevant rental expenses raised from CLIC leased properties to the third-party instead of CLIC. The rental was paid on a semi annual basis and the rent of the buildings subleased by CLIC was paid directly to the owner. The agreement will expire on December 2009.
In November 2008, the Company, CLIC and IHC entered into a property leasing transfer agreement. According to the agreement, CLIC has effectively transferred the rights and obligations of the property leasing agreement to IHC in June 2008. Apart from the transfer of the rights and obligations, the terms of the original property leasing agreement remains unchanged.
(v) In November 2008, the Company and CLP&C entered into an agreement, whereby CLP&C entrusted the Company to act as an agent to sell appointed insurance products in authorized areas. The service fee is determined according to cost (tax included) added marginal profit.
(vi) In May 2008, the Company and CLP&C entered into an agreement, whereby CLP&C’s share capital would increase RMB3,000 million, of which the Company subscribed for RMB1,200 million. The subscription has been paid on 26 May, 2008. CIRC approved the change of registered capital of CLP&C on July 6, 2008.
(vii) The Group made certain project payments to third parties through Zhongbaoxin and paid other miscellaneous expenditures mainly comprised of rentals and deposits to Zhongbaoxin.
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | 28 | | SIGNIFICANT RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (continued) |
| (e) | | Transactions with significant related parties (continued) |
|
Note: (continued) |
|
| (viii) | | In April 2007, the Company and GDB entered into a five year individual bank insurance agency agreement. All insurance products suitable for delivery through bank channels are involved in the agreement. GDB will provide services, including selling insurance products, receiving premiums, paying benefits. The company has agreed to pay commission fees as follows: 1) A monthly service fee, calculated on a monthly basis, by multiplying total premium received and a fixed commission rate; or 2) A monthly commission fee, calculated on a monthly basis, by multiplying number of policy being handled and fixed commission rate which is not more than RMB1 per policy, where GDB handles premiums receipts and benefits payments. The agreement will expire in five years. |
| (ix) | | In November 2007, the Company and Pension Company entered into an agreement, whereby Pension Company entrusted the Company to sale enterprise annuity funds and provide customer service. The service fee is calculated on a rate of 80% of first year management fee. The agreement term is one year and is subject to an automatic renewal for one year. |
|
| | In June 2007, the Company and AMC entered into an agreement, whereby AMC entrusted the Company to provide market developing service and enterprise annuity asset management service. The service fee is calculated by the first year actual asset management fee collected deducted by risk reserve and other related fees. The agreement expired on 31 December 2008. |
|
| (x) | | In June 2008, the Company and China Credit Trust Co., Ltd (“CCTIC”) made capital injection to Pension Company. Pension Company’s share capital was increased to RMB 2,500 million after the capital contribution. As a result, the ownership percentage of the Company, CLIC, AMC and CCTIC was 87.4%, 6.0%, 4.8% and 1.8%, respectively. |
|
| (xi) | | The Company sold certain floors of the office building which is under construction to Pension Company. The Company received the payment from Pension Company in Feb 2009. |
|
| (f) | | Amounts due from / to significant related parties |
|
| | The following table summarises the resulting balance due from and to significant related parties. The balance is non-interest bearing, unsecured and has no fixed repayment terms except for the deposits in GDB. |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 31 December 2009 | | | As at 31 December 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| The Group | | | | | | | | |
| Amount due from CLIC (Note 12) | | | 646 | | | | 684 | |
| Amount due from China Life Overseas | | | 15 | | | | 8 | |
| Amount due from CLP&C | | | 22 | | | | 2 | |
| Amount due to CLP&C | | | (2 | ) | | | (28 | ) |
| Amount deposited with GDB | | | 7,098 | | | | 7,114 | |
| Amount due from CLRE | | | — | | | | 1 | |
| Amount due to CLRE | | | — | | | | (8 | ) |
| Amount due from IHC | | | 34 | | | | 21 | |
| Amount due to IHC | | | (64 | ) | | | (33 | ) |
| The Company | | | | | | | | |
| Amount due from Pension Company | | | 56 | | | | 66 | |
| Amount due to AMC | | | (43 | ) | | | (68 | ) |
| Amount due to AMC HK | | | (1 | ) | | | (2 | ) |
(viii) In December 2007, the Company and IHC entered into a trust agreement on CLIC’s residual asset management, whereby IHC entrusted the Company to manage CLIC’s fixed assets and non-performing assets. The initial agreement between IHC and CLIC entitled IHC the right to transfer the residual assets to a third party. Pursuant to the trust agreement, IHC is subject to pay a basic management fee, a third party management fee and clearance brokerage fee for the residual assets. Basic fee for fixed asset is calculated on a rate of 0.21%. The asset management fee for non-performing asset is calculated on a rate of 0.24%. Payment is on a semi annual basis. Third party management fee is for the necessary expense payable to administrative organizations, intermediate organizations and third party. Clearance brokerage fee in 2008 is calculated by the rate of 12% on net basis of cash receipt and disposal cost.F-74
(ix) In April 2007, the Company and GDB entered into a five year individual bank insurance agency agreement. All insurance products suitable for delivery through bank channels are involved in the agreement. GDB will provide services, including selling insurance products, receiving premiums, paying benefits. The company has agreed to pay commission fees as follows: 1) A monthly service fee, calculated on a monthly basis, by multiplying total premium received and a fixed commission rate; or 2) A monthly commission fee, calculated on a monthly basis, by multiplying number of policy being handled and fixed commission rate which is not more than RMB1 per policy, where GDB handles premiums receipts and benefits payments. The agreement will expire in five years.
(x) In November 2007, the Company and Pension Company entered into an agreement, whereby Pension Company entrusted the Company to sale enterprise annuity funds and provide customer service. The service fee is calculated on a rate of 80% of first year management fee. The agreement term is one year and is subject to an automatic renewal for one year.
In June 2007, the Company and AMC entered into an agreement, whereby AMC entrusted the Company to provide market developing service and enterprise annuity asset management service. The service fee is calculated by the first year actual asset management fee collected deducted by risk reserve and other related fees. The agreement expired on December 31, 2008.
(xi) In June 2008, the Company and China Credit Trust Co., Ltd (“CCTIC”) made capital injection to Pension Company. Pension Company’s share capital was increased to RMB2,500 million after the capital contribution. As a result, the ownership percentage of the Company, CLIC, AMC and CCTIC was 87.4%, 6.0%, 4.8% and 1.8%, respectively.
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | 28 | | SIGNIFICANT RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (continued) |
|
| (g) | | Key management compensation |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the year ended 31 December | |
| | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Salaries and other short-term employee benefits | | | 13 | | | | 24 | |
| Termination benefits | | | — | | | | — | |
| Post-employment benefits | | | — | | | | — | |
| Share-based payment | | | — | | | | — | |
| Other long-term benefits | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 13 | | | | 24 | |
| | | | | | | |
| (h) | | Transactions with state-owned enterprises |
|
| | Under IAS 24(amendment), business transactions between state-owned enterprises controlled by the PRC government are within the scope of related party transactions. CLIC, the ultimate holding company of the Group, is a state-owned enterprise. The Group’s key business and therefore the business transactions with other state-owned enterprises are primarily related to insurance and investment activities. The related party transactions with other state-owned enterprises were conducted in the ordinary course of business. Due to the complex ownership structure, the PRC government may hold indirect interests in many companies. Some of these interests may, in themselves or when combined with other indirect interests, be controlling interests which may not be known to the Group. Nevertheless, the Group believes that the following captures the material related parties and applied IAS 24 (amendment) exemption to disclose only qualitative information. |
|
| | As at 31 December 2009 and 2008, most of bank deposits were with state-owned banks; the issuers of corporate bonds and subordinated bonds held by the Group were mainly state-owned enterprises. For the year ended 31 December 2008, a large portion of its group insurance business of the Group were with state-owned enterprises; the majority of bank assurance brokerage charges were paid to state-owned banks and post office; almost all of the reinsurance agreements of the Group are entered into with a state-owned reinsurance company; most of bank deposit interest income were from state-owned banks. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | As at 31 | | | | | | | As at 31 | | | | | | | As at 1 | |
| | | | | | | December 2009 | | | | | | | December 2008 | | | | | | | January 2008 | |
| | | No. of shares | | | RMB million | | | No. of shares | | | RMB million | | | No. of shares | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Registered, authorized, issued and fully paid | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Ordinary shares of RMB1 each | | | 28,264,705,000 | | | | 28,265 | | | | 28,264,705,000 | | | | 28,265 | | | | 28,264,705,000 | | | | 28,265 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As at 31 December 2009, the Company’s share capital is as follows: |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 31 December 2009 | |
| | | No. of shares | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Owned by CLIC (Note 33(i)) | | | 19,323,530,000 | | | | 19,324 | |
| Owned by other shareholders | | | 8,941,175,000 | | | | 8,941 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Including: Domestic listed | | | 1,500,000,000 | | | | 1,500 | |
| Overseas listed | | | 7,441,175,000 | | | | 7,441 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 28,264,705,000 | | | | 28,265 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | Overseas listed shares are traded on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong and the New York Stock Exchange. |
(c) Amounts due from / to significant related partiesF-75
The following table summarizes the resulting balance due from and to significant related parties. The balance is non-interest bearing, unsecured and has no fixed repayment terms except for the deposits in GDB.
| | | | | | |
| | | As at
December 31,
2008 | | | As at
December 31,
2007 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
Amount due from CLIC (Note 13) | | 684 | | | 739 | |
Amount due to CLIC | | — | | | (40 | ) |
Amount due from China Life Overseas | | 8 | | | 13 | |
Amount due from CLP&C | | 2 | | | 5 | |
Amount due to CLP&C | | (28 | ) | | — | |
Amount deposited with GDB | | 7,114 | | | 6,832 | |
Amount due from Zhongbaoxin | | 1 | | | 1 | |
Amount due to Zhongbaoxin | | (8 | ) | | (5 | ) |
Amount due from IHC | | 21 | | | — | |
Amount due to IHC | | (33 | ) | | — | |
(d) Key management compensation
| | | | | | |
| | | For the year ended December 31, |
| | | 2008 | | 2007 | | 2006 |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million | | RMB million |
Salaries and other short-term employee benefits | | 24 | | 27 | | 17 |
Termination benefits | | — | | — | | — |
Post-employment benefits | | — | | — | | — |
Other long-term benefits | | — | | — | | — |
| | | | | | |
Total | | 24 | | 27 | | 17 |
| | | | | | |
(e) Transactions with state-owned enterprises
Under HKAS 24, business transactions between state-owned enterprises controlled by the PRC government are within the scope of related party transactions. CLIC, the ultimate holding company of the Group, is a state-owned enterprise. The Group’s key business and therefore the business transactions with other state-owned enterprises are primarily related to insurance and investment activities. The related party transactions with other state-owned enterprises were conducted in the ordinary course of business. Due to the complex ownership structure, the PRC government may hold indirect interests in many companies. Some of these interests may, in themselves or when combined with other indirect interests, be controlling interests which may not be known to the Group. Nevertheless, the Group believes that the following captures the material related parties.
As at December 31, 2008, more than 76% (as at December 31, 2007: more than 68%) of bank deposits were with state-owned banks; approximately 87% (as at December 31, 2007: approximately 96%) of the issuers of corporate bonds and subordinated bonds held by the Group were state-owned enterprises. For the year ended December 31, 2008, more than 70% (for the year ended December 31, 2007: more than 74%) of the group insurance business of the Group were with state-owned enterprises; approximately 83% (for the year ended December 31, 2007: approximately 83%) of bank assurance brokerage charges of RMB5,883 million (for the year ended December 31, 2007: RMB2,085 million) were paid to state-owned banks and post office; almost all of
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Exchange | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | differences on | | | | |
| | | Additional | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | translating | | | | |
| | | paid in | | | Unrealised | | | Reserve | | | General | | | foreign | | | | |
| | | capital | | | gains/(losses) | | | fund | | | reserve | | | operations | | | Total | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | | | (a) | | | (b) | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| As at 1 January 2008 | | | 53,860 | | | | 43,509 | | | | 9,480 | | | | 4,427 | | | | — | | | | 111,276 | |
| Other comprehensive loss for the year | | | — | | | | (33,452 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (1 | ) | | | (33,453 | ) |
| Appropriation to reserve | | | — | | | | — | | | | 4,708 | | | | 1,916 | | | | — | | | | 6,624 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at 31 December 2008 | | | 53,860 | | | | 10,057 | | | | 14,188 | | | | 6,343 | | | | (1 | ) | | | 84,447 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Other comprehensive income for the year | | | — | | | | 10,745 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 10,745 | |
| Appropriation to reserve | | | — | | | | — | | | | 4,302 | | | | 3,293 | | | | — | | | | 7,595 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at 31 December 2009 | | | 53,860 | | | | 20,802 | | | | 18,490 | | | | 9,636 | | | | (1 | ) | | | 102,787 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
the reinsurance agreements of the Group are entered into with a state-owned reinsurance company; more than 76% (for the year ended December 31, 2007: more than 68%) of bank deposit interest income were from state-owned banks.F-76
30 SHARE CAPITAL
| | | | | | | | |
| | | As at December 31, 2008 | | As at December 31, 2007 |
| | | No. of shares | | RMB million | | No. of shares | | RMB million |
Registered, authorized, issued and fully paid Ordinary shares of RMB1 each | | 28,264,705,000 | | 28,265 | | 28,264,705,000 | | 28,265 |
As at December 31, 2008, the Company’s share capital is as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | As at December 31, 2008 | | |
| | | | | No. of shares | | No. of shares | | |
Owned by CLIC | | | | 19,323,530,000 | | 19,324 | | |
Owned by other shareholders | | | | 8,941,175,000 | | 8,941 | | |
Including: Domestic listed | | | | 1,500,000,000 | | 1,500 | | |
Overseas listed | | | | 7,441,175,000 | | 7,441 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | 28,264,705,000 | | 28,265 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Overseas listed shares are traded on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong and the New York Stock Exchange. The shares owned by CLIC are not transferable until January 11, 2010.
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
31 RESERVES
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Additional
paid in
capital | | | Unrealised
gains/
(losses) | | | Reserve
fund | | General
reserve | | Exchange
differences on
translating
foreign
operations | | | Others | | | Total | | | |
| | | RMB
million | | | RMB million | | | RMB
million | | RMB
million | | RMB million | | | RMB
million | | | RMB
million | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | (a) | | (b) | | | | | | | | | |
As at January 1, 2006 | | 34,776 | | | 687 | | | 1,762 | | — | | — | | | — | | | 37,225 | | | |
Issue of shares | | 26,820 | | | — | | | — | | — | | — | | | — | | | 26,820 | | | |
Share issue expenses | | (510 | ) | | — | | | — | | — | | — | | | — | | | (510 | ) | | |
Unrealised gains | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
—arising from available-for-sale securities during the period | | — | | | 25,093 | | | — | | — | | — | | | — | | | 25,093 | | | |
—reclassification adjustment for losses included in income statement | | — | | | (115 | ) | | — | | — | | — | | | — | | | (115 | ) | | |
—impact from available-for-sale securities on other assets and liabilities | | — | | | (5,785 | ) | | — | | — | | — | | | — | | | (5,785 | ) | | |
Subtotal before tax | | — | | | 19,193 | | | — | | — | | — | | | — | | | 19,193 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
—tax on unrealised gains | | — | | | (6,334 | ) | | — | | — | | — | | | — | | | (6,334 | ) | | |
Appropriation to reserve | | — | | | — | | | 974 | | — | | — | | | — | | | 974 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Change in the year | | 26,310 | | | 12,859 | | | 974 | | — | | — | | | — | | | 40,143 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at December 31, 2006 | | 61,086 | | | 13,546 | | | 2,736 | | — | | — | | | — | | | 77,368 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealised gains/(losses) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
—arising from available-for-sale securities during the period | | — | | | 64,328 | | | — | | — | | — | | | — | | | 64,328 | | | |
—reclassification adjustment for losses included in income statement | | — | | | (14,658 | ) | | — | | — | | — | | | — | | | (14,658 | ) | | |
—impact from available-for-sale securities on other assets and liabilities | | — | | | (10,568 | ) | | — | | — | | — | | | — | | | (10,568 | ) | | |
Subtotal before tax | | — | | | 39,102 | | | — | | — | | — | | | — | | | 39,102 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
—tax on unrealised gains | | — | | | (8,159 | ) | | — | | — | | — | | | — | | | (8,159 | ) | | |
—arising from share of results of associates | | — | | | (30 | ) | | — | | — | | — | | | — | | | (30 | ) | | |
Appropriation to reserve | | — | | | — | | | 3,752 | | 2,792 | | — | | | — | | | 6,544 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Change in the year | | — | | | 30,913 | | | 3,752 | | 2,792 | | — | | | — | | | 37,457 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at December 31, 2007 | | 61,086 | | | 44,459 | | | 6,488 | | 2,792 | | — | | | — | | | 114,825 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealised gains/(losses) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
—arising from available-for-sale securities during the period | | — | | | (61,534 | ) | | — | | — | | — | | | — | | | (61,534 | ) | | |
—reclassification adjustment for gains included in income statement | | — | | | 4,853 | | | — | | — | | — | | | — | | | 4,853 | | | |
—impact from available-for-sale securities on other assets and liabilities | | — | | | 10,631 | | | — | | — | | — | | | — | | | 10,631 | | | |
Subtotal before tax | | — | | | (46,050 | ) | | — | | — | | — | | | — | | | (46,050 | ) | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
—tax on unrealised losses | | — | | | 11,512 | | | — | | — | | — | | | — | | | 11,512 | | | |
—arising from share of results of associates | | — | | | 291 | | | — | | — | | — | | | — | | | 291 | | | |
Appropriation to reserve | | — | | | — | | | 3,801 | | 1,009 | | — | | | — | | | 4,810 | | | |
Other | | — | | | — | | | — | | — | | (1 | ) | | (9 | ) | | (10 | ) | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Change in the year | | — | | | (34,247 | ) | | 3,801 | | 1,009 | | (1 | ) | | (9 | ) | | (29,447 | ) | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at December 31, 2008 | | 61,086 | | | 10,212 | | | 10,289 | | 3,801 | | (1 | ) | | (9 | ) | | 85,378 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
DEC 2009 | (a) | | Under relevant PRC law, the Company is required to transfer 10% of its net profit under CAS to statutory reserve fund. The Company appropriated 10% of net profit which is RMB1,009 million to the statutory reserve fund for the year ended 31 December 31, 2008.2009 and 2008, RMB 3,293 million and RMB 1,916 million respectively. The Company also appropriated RMB 2,992 million to the statutory reserve fund under CAS retrospectively reflected in 1 January 2008 due to adoption of MoF new guidance as disclosed in Note 2.1. In May 2008,2009, approved by Annual General Meeting, the Company appropriated 10% of net profitRMB 1,009 million to discretionary reserve fund for the year ended 31 December 31, 2007 which is RMB2,792 million to discretionary welfare fund. The total appropriation to discretionary reserve fund and statutory welfare fund in 2008 is RMB3,801 million (forbased on the year ended December 31, 2007: RMB3,752net profit under A share financial statement (2008: RMB 2,792 million). |
|
| (b) | | Pursuant to “Financial Standards of Financial Enterprises—Enterprises — Implementation Guide” issued by Ministry of Finance of People’s Republic of China on 30 March 30, 2007, for the year ended 31 December 31,2009 and 2008, the Company appropriated 10% of net profit under CAS which is RMB1,009RMB 3,293 million ( for the year ended December 31, 2007: RMB2,792 million)and RMB 1,916 million respectively to general reserve for future uncertain disasters, which can not be used for dividend distribution or share capital increment. The Company also appropriated RMB 1,635 million to general reserve under CAS retrospectively reflected in 1 January 2008 due to adoption of MoF new guidance as disclosed in Note 2.1. |
|
| | Under related PRC law, dividends may be paid only out of distributable profits. Distributable profits generally means the Company’s after-tax profits as determined under accounting standards generally accepted in PRC or IFRS, whichever is lower, less any recovery of accumulated losses and allocations to statutory funds that the Company is required to make, subject to further regulatory restrictions. Any distributable profits that are not distributed in a given year are retained and available for distribution in subsequent years. The amount of distributable retained earnings based on the above is RMB 78,491 million as at 31 December 2009 (as at 31 December 2008: RMB 60,848 million). |
Under related PRC law, dividends may be paid only out of distributable profits. Distributable profits generally means the Company’s after-tax profits as determined under accounting standards generally accepted in PRC or HKFRS, whichever is lower, less any recovery of accumulated losses and allocations to statutory funds that the Company is required to make, subject to further regulatory restrictions. Any distributable profits that are not distributed in a given year are retained and available for distribution in subsequent years. The amount of distributable retained earnings based on the above is RMB28,650 million as at December
F-77
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 2008 (as at December 31, 2007: RMB31,881 million).32 CONTINGENCIES
The following is a summary of the significant contingent liabilities:
| | | | |
| | | As at
December 31,
2008 | | As at
December 31,
2007 |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million |
Pending lawsuits(b) | | 96 | | 66 |
| | | | |
(a)31 | | CONTINGENCIES |
|
| | The Company and certain of its past directors (the “defendants”) have been named in nine putative class action lawsuits filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York between March 16, 2004 and May 14, 2004. The lawsuits have been ordered to be consolidated and restyled In re China Life Insurance Company Limited Securities Litigation, NO.04 CV 2112 (TPG). Plaintiffs filedfollowing is a consolidated amended complaint on January 19, 2005, which names the Company, Wang Xianzhang (past director), Miao Fuchun (past director) and Wu Yan (past director) as defendants. The consolidated amended complaint alleges that the defendants named therein violated Section 10(b) and 20(a)summary of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. The Company has engaged U.S. counsel to contest vigorously on the lawsuits. On September 3, 2008, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York granted summary judgment to the Company, finding that the plaintiffs’ claims lacked merit and dismissed the complaint. The plaintiffs then filed a notice of appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit on October 14, 2008. Final resolution refers to Note 35. No provision has been made with respect to these lawsuits.significant contingent liabilities: |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 31 | | | As at 31 | |
| | | December | | | December | |
| | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Pending lawsuits | | | 113 | | | | 96 | |
| | | | | | | |
(b) | | The Group has been named in a number of lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of business. Provision has been made for the probable losses to the Group on those claims when management can reasonably estimate the outcome of the lawsuits taking into account the legal advice. No provision has been made for pending lawsuits when the outcome of the lawsuits cannot be reasonably estimated or management believes a loss is not probable. |
|
| 32 | | COMMITMENTS |
|
| (a) | | Capital commitments |
| i) | | Capital commitments for property, plant and equipment |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 31 | | | As at 31 | |
| | | December | | | December | |
| | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Contracted but not provided for | | | 488 | | | | 878 | |
| | | | | | | |
| ii) | | Capital commitments to acquire Bohai Venture Capital Fund |
| | The Group committed to contribute RMB 500 million to Bohai Venture Capital Fund to Bohai Venture Capital Fund Management Company of which RMB 245 million had been paid at 31 December 2009. The remaining RMB 255 million will be paid when called. |
|
| (b) | | Operating lease commitments |
|
| | The future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases are as follows: |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | As at 31 | | | As at 31 | |
| | | December | | | December | |
| | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Land and buildings | | | | | | | | |
| Not later than one year | | | 297 | | | | 238 | |
| Later than one year but not later than five years | | | 478 | | | | 383 | |
| Later than five years | | | 49 | | | | 44 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 824 | | | | 665 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | The operating lease payments charged to the net profit for the year ended 31 December 2009 was RMB 593 million (for the year ended 31 December 2008: RMB 482 million). |
F-78
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 2008
DEC 2009 | (i) | | The 36-month restriction of 19,323,530,000 ordinary shares held by the CLIC expired on 11 January 2010, of which 19,173,530,000 shares are publically traded and 150,000,000 shares are frozen due to regulatory requirement. |
|
| (ii) | | On 27 December 2009, the Group purchased 934 million shares of Sino-Ocean Land Holdings Limited (“Sino-ocean”, a HKSE listed company) at the total cost of HKD 5,819 million. As a result of this acquisition, the Group became the second largest shareholder by holding 16.57% of the total Sino-ocean shares outstanding. |
|
| | | On 12 January 2010, the Group acquired 423 million more shares of Sino-ocean. As a result of this acquisition, the Group became the largest shareholder by holding 24.08% equity interest of Sino-ocean. |
33 COMMITMENTSF-79
(a) Capital commitments
i) Capital commitments for property, plant and equipment
| | | | |
| | | Group |
| | | As at
December 31,
2008 | | As at
December 31,
2007 |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million |
Contracted but not provided for | | 878 | | 310 |
ii) Capital commitments to acquire Bohai Venture Capital Fund
The Group committed to contribute RMB500 million to Bohai Venture Capital Fund and RMB5 million to Bohai Venture Capital Fund Management Company of which RMB180 million had been paid at December 31, 2008. The remaining RMB325 million will be paid when called.
(b) Operating lease commitments
The future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases are as follows:
| | | | |
| | | Group |
| | | As at
December 31,
2008 | | As at
December 31,
2007 |
| | | RMB million | | RMB million |
Land and buildings | | | | |
Not later than one year | | 238 | | 206 |
Later than one year but not later than five years | | 383 | | 316 |
Later than five years | | 44 | | 29 |
| | | | |
Total | | 665 | | 551 |
| | | | |
The operating lease payments charged to the consolidated income statement for the year ended December 31, 2008 was RMB482 million (for the year ended December 31, 2007: RMB391 million).
34 ULTIMATE HOLDING COMPANY
The directors regard China Life Insurance (Group) Company, a company incorporated in the PRC, as being the ultimate holding company.
35 SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
In February 2009, the Company, AMC and CLIC entered into an agreement, whereby AMC’s share capital would increase RMB2,000 million, in form of cash injection and retained earnings conversion. The Company subscribed for RMB1,200 million, which is 60% of the additional capital. The subscription has been paid on February 16, 2009 in form of RMB1,080 million cash and RMB120 million retained earnings conversion. MOF approved the change of registered capital.
For the lawsuit described in Note 33 (a), on January 8, 2009, the plaintiffs filed a motion for voluntary dismissal of that appeal, which motion was granted by the Second Circuit Court on the same day, thus making the New York Southern District Court’s dismissal of their claims final.
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
36 Reconciliation of HKFRS and United States generally accepted accounting principles (“US GAAP”)
(a) The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with HKFRS, which differs in certain significant respects from US GAAP. Difference between HKFRS and US GAAP, which may have significant impacts on consolidated net profit or loss and consolidated shareholders’ equity, are described below.
Impairment Reversal
The impairment reversal as disclosed in Note 21 is due to certain events occurring after the impairment was recognized. Under US GAAP, if an impairment loss is recognized, the adjusted carrying amount of a long-lived asset shall be its new cost basis. Restoration of a previously recognized impairment loss is prohibited. For the year ended December 31, 2008, this difference results in a RMB1,834 million decrease in the US GAAP net profit and a corresponding RMB1,834 million increase to the US GAAP equity reserves balance.
Deferred Taxes and Tax Reversal
The tax rate changes as disclosed in Note 25(b) (ii) are accounted for consistently with the accounting for the transaction itself. Therefore, if the underlying temporary difference and related deferred taxes have been recorded in equity, a change due to tax law or tax rates is recorded in equity as well. Under US GAAP, the impact of changes in tax rate or tax law is included in net income even if the original deferred taxes have been recognized in equity. For the year ended December 31, 2007, this difference results in a RMB4,746 million increase in the US GAAP net profit and a corresponding RMB4,746 million decrease to the US GAAP equity reserves balance. The event doesn’t have impact for the year ended December 31, 2008.
There are no other material differences between HKFRS and US GAAP that had an effect on shareholders’ equity as at December 31, 2008 and 2007.
(b) Disclosures under FAS 157
In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (FAS) No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements”. FAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure requirements regarding fair value measurements but does not change existing guidance about whether an asset or liability is recorded at fair value. FAS 157 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years.
In February 2008, the FASB issued FSP 157-2, which delayed the effective date of FAS 157 for all non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years. In October 2008, the FASB issued FSP 157-3, “Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset When the Market for That Asset Is Not Active”, which clarifies how FAS 157 should be applied when valuing securities in markets that are not active.
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Group recognized financial assets at fair value through income and available-for-sale securities at fair value on a recurring basis in the balance sheet.
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
The Group management is responsible for the determination of the value of the financial assets carried at fair value and the supporting methodologies and assumptions. With respect to debt securities that do not have market closing price from recent transactions, the management utilizes the fair value measurement for individual securities from the independent third-party valuation service provider, through the use of widely accepted valuation models. The inputs used by valuation service providers include, but are not limited to, interest rate yield curves, credit spreads and other market-observable information. The Group employs specific control processes to determine the reasonableness of the fair values of the Group’s financial assets. The control processes are designed to ensure that the value based on quoted prices or received from the valuation service provider are appropriate.
According to the FAS 157, the Group establishes a framework that includes a hierarchy used to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value for financial assets. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
Level 1: Fair value is based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible to the Group for identical assets. These generally provide the most reliable evidence and are used to measure fair value whenever available. Active markets are defined as having the following for the asset being measured: i) sufficient frequency and volume, ii) current prices, iii) price quotes not varying substantially among market makers, iv) narrow bid or ask spreads, and v) most information publicly available. The Group’s Level 1 assets primarily include certain debt securities, equity securities and derivative contracts that are traded in an active exchange market or inter-bank market. Prices are obtained from readily available sources for market transactions involving identical assets.
Level 2: Fair value is based on significant inputs, other than Level 1 quoted price, that are observable for the asset being measured, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset through corroboration with observable market data. Level 2 inputs include: i) quoted market prices for similar assets in active markets; ii) quoted market prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets and other market observable inputs. The Group’s Level 2 assets include: certain debt securities and equity securities. Valuations are generally obtained from third party pricing services for identical or comparable assets, or through the use of valuation methodologies using observable market inputs, or recent quoted market prices. Valuation service providers typically gather, analyze and interpret information related to market transactions and other key valuation model inputs from multiple sources, and through the use of widely accepted internal valuation models, provide a theoretical quote on various securities. Fair value provided by valuation service providers are subject to validation by management.
Under certain conditions, the Group may not received price from independent third party pricing services. In this instance, the Group may choose to apply internally developed values to the assets being measured. In such cases, the valuations are generally classified as Level 3. Key inputs involved in internal valuation services include, but are not limited to market price from recently completed transactions, interest yield curves, credit spreads, currency rates as well as assumptions made by management based on judgements and experiences.
Level 3: Fair value is based on at least one or more significant unobservable inputs for the assets being measured. These unobservable inputs reflect the Group’s view about the assumptions used by market participants in pricing the assets being measured. The Group’s Level 3 assets primarily include: subordinated debts, certain corporate and government agency bonds and certain equity securities. Prices are determined using valuation methodologies such as discounted cash flow models and other similar techniques.
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
(i) The table below presents the balances of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
| | | | | | | | |
| | | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2008 |
| | | Quoted
Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1) | | Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2) | | Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3) | | Total |
Assets: | | | | | | | | |
Debt securities | | | | | | | | |
—available-for-sale securities | | 82,506 | | 273,329 | | 385 | | 356,220 |
—at fair value through income (held-for-trading) | | 2,001 | | 5,735 | | — | | 7,736 |
Equity securities | | | | | | | | |
—available-for-sale securities | | 67,365 | | 347 | | 1,007 | | 68,719 |
—at fair value through income (held-for-trading) | | 6,341 | | 7 | | 15 | | 6,363 |
| | | | | | | | |
Total | | 158,213 | | 279,418 | | 1,407 | | 439,038 |
| | | | | | | | |
(ii) The following tables provide a summary of the changes in fair value of Level 3 assets for the year of 2008, as well as the portion of gains or losses recorded in income for the year of 2008 related to the Level 3 assets that remained in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2008:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Fair Value Measurements Using Significant
Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | |
| | | Debt securities | | Equity securities | | | Total | |
| | | Available-
for-sales
securities | | | Financial
assets at fair
value
through
income
(held-for-
trading) | | Available-
for-sales
securities | | | Financial
assets at
fair value
through
income
(held-for-
trading) | | |
As at January 1, 2008 | | 300 | | | — | | 153 | | | — | | | 453 | |
Total gains/(losses) (realized/unrealized): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Included in earnings: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net fair value losses on assets at fair value through income | | — | | | — | | — | | | (15 | ) | | (15 | ) |
Included in other comprehensive income | | 3 | | | — | | (121 | ) | | — | | | (118 | ) |
Net investment loss | | (4 | ) | | — | | — | | | — | | | (4 | ) |
Purchases and sales, issuance and settlements-net | | — | | | — | | 328 | | | — | | | 328 | |
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3 | | 86 | | | — | | 647 | | | 30 | | | 763 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As at December 31, 2008 | | 385 | | | — | | 1,007 | | | 15 | | | 1,407 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at December 31, 2008 included in earnings and other comprehensive income | | 3 | | | — | | (121 | ) | | (15 | ) | | (133 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
(c) Disclosures about available-for-sale securities held continuously in an unrealized loss position for the time periods.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | As at December 31, 2008 | |
| | | | | Less
than
6 months | | | More than
6 months but
less than
12 months | | | More
than
12 months | | | Total | |
| | | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB
million | | | RMB
million | |
Debt securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Government bonds | | Fair value | | 1,612 | | | — | | | — | | | 1,612 | |
| | Unrealized losses | | (166 | ) | | — | | | — | | | (166 | ) |
| | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | |
Government agency bonds | | Fair value | | 14,552 | | | 300 | | | 74 | | | 14,926 | |
| | Unrealized losses | | (483 | ) | | (4 | ) | | (3 | ) | | (490 | ) |
Corporate bonds | | Fair value | | 4,486 | | | 2,114 | | | 3,162 | | | 9,762 | |
| | Unrealized losses | | (84 | ) | | (29 | ) | | (57 | ) | | (170 | ) |
Subordinate bonds/debts | | Fair value | | 977 | | | — | | | — | | | 977 | |
| | Unrealized losses | | (15 | ) | | — | | | — | | | (15 | ) |
Equity securities | | Fair value | | 25,230 | | | 10,897 | | | — | | | 36,127 | |
| | Unrealized losses | | (5,943 | ) | | (5,205 | ) | | — | | | (11,148 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total temporarilyimpaired securities | | Fair value | | 46,857 | | | 13,311 | | | 3,236 | | | 63,404 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Unrealized losses | | (6,691 | ) | | (5,238 | ) | | (60 | ) | | (11,989 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | | As at December 31, 2007 | |
| | | | | Less
than
6 months | | | More than
6 months but
less than
12 months | | | More
than
12 months | | | Total | |
| | | | | RMB million | | | RMB million | | | RMB
million | | | RMB
million | |
Debt securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Government bonds | | Fair value | | 15,596 | | | 29,715 | | | — | | | 45,311 | |
| | Unrealized losses | | (300 | ) | | (2,432 | ) | | — | | | (2,732 | ) |
Government agency bonds | | Fair value | | 31,872 | | | 21,289 | | | — | | | 53,161 | |
| | Unrealized losses | | (1,366 | ) | | (4,072 | ) | | — | | | (5,438 | ) |
Corporate bonds | | Fair value | | 21,308 | | | 11,340 | | | — | | | 32,648 | |
| | Unrealized losses | | (1,498 | ) | | (1,344 | ) | | — | | | (2,842 | ) |
Subordinate bonds/debts | | Fair value | | 5,852 | | | 415 | | | — | | | 6,267 | |
| | Unrealized losses | | (626 | ) | | (94 | ) | | — | | | (720 | ) |
Equity securities | | Fair value | | 4,324 | | | 1 | | | — | | | 4,325 | |
| | Unrealized losses | | (537 | ) | | — | | | — | | | (537 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total temporarily impaired securities | | Fair value | | 78,952 | | | 62,760 | | | — | | | 141,712 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Unrealized losses | | (4,327 | ) | | (7,942 | ) | | — | | | (12,269 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Available-for-sale securities have generally been identified as temporarily impaired if their amortized cost as at December 31, 2008 was greater than their fair value, resulting in an unrealized loss. Unrealized losses in
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
respect of financial assets at fair value through income have been included in net income and have been excluded from the above table. Unrealized losses from debt securities are largely due to interest rate fluctuations. Based on a review of these financial assets, it is believed that the contractual terms of these available-for-sale securities will be met. A total 71 debt securities positions and 270 equity securities positions were in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2008 of which 49 debt securities and 191 equity securities positions were in a continuous loss position for less than 6 months, 4 debt securities and 113 equity security positions for more than 6 months but less than 12 months, 26 debt securities positions for more than 12 months.
(d) Comprehensive income
| | | | | |
| | | 2008 | | | 2007 |
| | | RMB million | | | RMB million |
Net profit attributable to shareholders of the Company | | 19,443 | | | 43,625 |
Total other comprehensive income, unrealized gains, net of tax | | (32,413 | ) | | 26,167 |
| | | | | |
Total comprehensive income | | (12,970 | ) | | 69,792 |
| | | | | |
(e) Recently issued US accounting standards
In September 2006, the FASB issued FAS 157, “Fair Value Measurements”. Details of FAS 157 has been described in Note (b). The Group adopted FAS 157 on January 1, 2008 except for non-financial assets and liabilities recognized or disclosed at fair value on a recurring basis, and disclosed financial information under FAS 157 on the Group’s consolidated financial statement.
In February 2007, the FASB issued FAS 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”. FAS 159 permits entities to choose to measure at fair value for certain financial instruments and certain other items those are not currently required to be measured at fair value. Subsequent changes in fair value for designated items will be required to be reported in earnings in the current period. FAS 159 also establishes presentation and disclosure requirements for similar types of assets and liabilities measured at fair value. FAS 159 is effective for financial statements issued for accounting periods beginning on or after November 15, 2007. The Group adopted this guidance on January 1, 2008 and it did not have a material effect on the Group’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.
In April 2007, the FASB issued FSP Interpretation (FIN) 39-1, “Amendment of FASB Interpretation No. 39.” FSP FIN 39-1 modifies FIN No. 39, “Offsetting of Amounts Related to Certain Contracts,” and permits companies to offset cash collateral receivables or payables with net derivative positions under certain circumstances. This FSP is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and is required to be applied retrospectively to financial statements for all periods presented. The Group adopted this guidance on January 1, 2008 and it did not have a material effect on the Group’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.
In December 2007, the FASB issued FAS 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements.” FAS 160 will change the accounting for minority interests, which will be recharacterized as noncontrolling interests and classified by the parent company as a component of equity. The noncontrolling interests’ share of subsidiary income should be reported as a part of consolidated net income with disclosure of the attribution of consolidated net income to the controlling and noncontrolling interests on the face of the consolidated statement of income. This statement is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008, with early adoption prohibited. Upon adoption, FAS 160 requires retroactive adoption of the presentation
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
and disclosure requirements for existing minority interests and prospective adoption for all other requirements. The Group is currently assessing the impact of FAS 160 on the Group’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In December 2007, the FASB issued FAS 141R, “Business Combinations.” This statement addresses the accounting for business acquisitions with a number of changes. Among other things, the new standard broadened the transactions or events that are considered business combinations. It requires that all acquisition-related costs be expensed as incurred, and that all restructuring costs related to acquired operations be expensed as incurred. This new standard also addresses the current and subsequent accounting for assets and liabilities arising from contingencies acquired or assumed and, for acquisitions both prior and subsequent to December 31, 2008, requires the acquirer to recognize changes in the amount of its deferred tax benefits that are recognizable because of a business combination either in income from continuing operations in the period of the combination or directly in contributed capital, depending on the circumstances. This statement is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008, with early adoption prohibited, and generally applies to business acquisitions completed after December 31, 2008. The Group is currently assessing the impact of FAS 141R on the Group’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In February 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 140-3, “Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets and Repurchase Financing Transactions.” FSP FAS 140-3 provides guidance on accounting for a transfer of a financial asset and a repurchase financing and presumes that an initial transfer of a financial asset and a repurchase financing are considered part of the same arrangement (linked transaction) under Statement 140. However, if certain criteria are met, the initial transfer and repurchase financing shall not be evaluated as a linked transaction and shall be evaluated separately under Statement 140. This FSP is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Earlier application is not permitted. The Group is currently assessing the impact on the Group’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In March 2008, the FASB issued FAS 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities—an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133”. The standard requires additional quantitative disclosures (provided in tabular form) and qualitative disclosures for derivative instruments. The required disclosures include how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows; the relative volume of derivative activity; the objectives and strategies for using derivative instruments; the accounting treatment for those derivative instruments formally designated as the hedging instrument in a hedge relationship; and the existence and nature of credit-risk-related contingent features for derivatives. FAS 161 does not change the accounting treatment for derivative instruments. FAS 161 is effective for the Group’s financial statements for the year beginning on January 1, 2009. The Group is currently assessing the impact of this statement on the Group’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In April 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 142-3, “Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets”, which amends the factors an entity should consider in developing renewal or extension assumptions used in determining the useful life of recognized intangible assets under SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” This guidance for determining the useful life of a recognized intangible asset applies prospectively to intangible assets acquired individually or with a group of other assets in either an asset acquisition or business combination. FSP FAS 142-3 is effective for the Group’s financial statements for the year beginning on January 1, 2009. The Group is currently evaluating the impact that FSP FAS 142-3 will have on the Group’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
In May 2008, the FASB issued FSP Accounting Principles Board (APB) Opinion 14-1, “Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May Be Settled in Cash upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash Settlement)”. FSP APB 14-1 requires recognition of both the liability and equity components of convertible debt instruments with cash settlement features. The debt component is required to be recognized at the fair value of a similar instrument that does not have an associated equity component. The equity component is recognized as the difference between the proceeds from the issuance of the note and the fair value of the liability. FSP APB 14-1 also requires an accretion of the resulting debt discount over the expected life of the debt. Retrospective application to all periods presented is required. FSP APB 14-1 is effective for the Group’s financial statements for the year beginning on January 1, 2009. The Group is currently evaluating the impact that FSP APB 14-1 will have on the Group’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In May 2008, the FASB issued FAS 163, Accounting for Financial Guarantee Insurance Contracts. This Statement requires that an insurance enterprise recognize a claim liability prior to an event of default (insured event) when there is evidence that credit deterioration has occurred in an insured financial obligation. This Statement also clarifies how FAS 60 applies to financial guarantee insurance contracts, including the recognition and measurement to be used to account for premium revenue and claim liabilities. It also requires expanded disclosures about financial guarantee insurance contracts. This Statement does not apply to financial guarantee insurance contracts that would be within the scope of FAS 133. The standard will be effective for the Group beginning January 1, 2009. The Group is currently assessing the impact of this FSP on the Group’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In June 2008, the FASB issued FSP Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Issue 03-6-1, “Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions Are Participating Securities”. This FSP addresses whether instruments granted in share-based payment transactions are participating securities prior to vesting and, therefore, need to be included in the earnings allocation in computing earnings per share (“EPS”) under the two-class method described in paragraphs 60 and 61 of FASB Statement No. 128, Earnings per Share. The FSP will be effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2008. All prior period EPS data presented shall be adjusted retrospectively to conform to the provisions of this FSP. The Group is currently assessing the impact of this FSP on the Group’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In September 2008, the FASB issued FSP 133-1 and FIN 45-4, “Disclosures about Credit Derivatives and Certain Guarantees: An Amendment of FASB Statement 133 and FASB FIN 45; and Clarification of the Effective Date of FASB Statement 161” (FSP 133-1). FSP 133-1 requires expanded disclosures about credit derivatives and guarantees. The expanded disclosure requirements for FSP 133-1 were effective but not applicable for the Group’s financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2008. The adoption of FSP 133-1 did not impact the Group’s results of operations, cash flows or financial position.
In September 2008, EITF Issued 08-07: “Accounting for Defensive Intangible Assets”. This issue applies to acquired intangible assets in situations in which an entity does not intend to actively use the asset, but intends to hold the asset to prevent others from obtaining access to the asset, except for intangible assets that are used in research and development activities. This issue is effective for the Company’s financial statements for the year beginning on January 1, 2009. The Group is currently evaluating the impact that EITF 08-07 will have on the Group’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
In December 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 132(R)-1, which amends FASB Statement No. 132 (revised 2003), Employers’ Disclosures about Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits, to provide guidance on an employer’s disclosures about plan assets of a defined benefit pension or other postretirement plan. It also includes a technical amendment to Statement 132(R) that requires a nonpublic entity to disclose net periodic benefit cost for each annual period for which a statement of income is presented. The disclosures about plan assets required by this FSP shall be provided for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2009. The Group is currently evaluating the impact that FSP APB 14-1 will have on the Group’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In December 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 140-4 and FIN 46(R)-8, “Disclosures by Public Entities (Enterprises) about Transfers of Financial Assets and Interests in Variable Interest Entities”. It amends FAS 140 “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities—a replacement of FASB Statement No. 125” to require public entities to provide additional disclosures about transferors’ continuing involvements with transferred financial assets. It also amends FIN 46 (revised December 2003) “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities—an interpretation of ARB No. 51” (FIN 46R) to require public enterprises, including sponsors that have a variable interest in a VIE, to provide additional disclosures about their involvement with VIEs. The expanded disclosure requirements for FSP FAS 140-4 and FIN 46(R)-8 are effective for the first period ending after December 15, 2008, with earlier application encouraged. The Group is currently assessing the impact on the Group’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In December 2008, the FASB issued FSP FIN 48-3 “Effective Date of FIN No. 48 for Certain Nonpublic Enterprises”. This FSP defers the effective date of FIN 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, for certain nonpublic enterprises. FSP FIN 48-3 is not applicable for the Group.
In January 2009, the FASB issued FSP EITF 99-20-1, “Amendments to the Impairment and Interest Income Measurement Guidance of EITF Issue No. 99-20”. FSP EITF 99-20-1 changed the guidance for the determination of whether an impairment of certain non-investment grade, beneficial interests in securitized financial assets is considered other-than-temporary. FSP EITF 99-20-1 is effective for the Group’s financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2008. The adoption of FSP EITF 99-20-1 did not impact the Group’s results of operations, cash flows or financial position.
F-77
