As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 13, 20128, 2013

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 20-F

OR

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011

OR

OR

Commission file number 1-15170

GlaxoSmithKline plc

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

England

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

980 Great West Road, Brentford, Middlesex TW8 9GS England

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

(Title of class)

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:

None

(Title of class)

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

x  Yes    ¨  No

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

¨  Yes    x  No

Note – Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

x  Yes    ¨  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

¨  Yes    ¨  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer” and “large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer  x                Accelerated filer  ¨                Non-accelerated filer  ¨

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

¨Item 17  ¨    Item 18¨

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

¨  Yes    x  No

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

The information set forth under the heading:

•      “Five

of the GSK Annual Report 20112012 is incorporated herein by reference.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Principal risk factors and uncertainties

There are risks and uncertainties relevant to the Group’s business, financial condition and results of operations that may affect the Group’s performance and ability to achieve its objectives. The information set forth underfactors below are among those that the heading:Group believes could cause its actual results to differ materially from expected and historical results. There are other risks and uncertainties that may affect the Group’s performance and ability to achieve its objectives that are not currently known to the Group, or which are deemed immaterial.

•      “Risk factors”The Group reviews and assesses significant risks on a regular basis and has implemented an oversight programme to help ensure that there is a system of internal controls in place. This system includes policies and procedures, communication and training programmes, supervision and monitoring and processes for escalating issues to the appropriate level of senior management. Such a system helps facilitate the Group’s ability to respond appropriately to risks and to achieve Group objectives and helps ensure compliance with applicable laws, regulations and internal policies. In addition, the Group’s Audit & Assurance function is responsible for independently assessing the adequacy and effectiveness of the management of significant risks and reporting outcomes to business management, the Risk Oversight & Compliance Council, and the Audit & Risk Committee as necessary. The Group’s management of risks is further discussed on pages 72100 to 77

The principal risks and uncertainties that might affect the Group’s business are identified below. However, it is not possible for the Group to implement controls to respond to all the risks that it may face. The principal risk factors and uncertainties are not listed in order of significance. All page and section references in this Item 3.D “Risk factors” are to pages and sections in the GSK Annual Report 2012.

Delivering commercially successful new products

Risk description: Risk that R&D will not deliver commercially successful new products

The Group operates in highly competitive markets. In the Pharmaceuticals and Vaccines businesses, it faces competition from proprietary products of large, international manufacturers and from producers of generic pharmaceuticals. The Pharmaceuticals and Vaccines businesses also face increasing competition from manufacturers in emerging markets, with a lower cost manufacturing base than that of the Group.

Significant product innovations, technical advances or the intensification of price competition by competitors may materially and adversely affect the Group’s financial results. The Group cannot always predict the timing or impact of competitive products or their potential impact on sales of the Group’s products. In light of the competitive environment in which the Group operates, continued development of commercially viable new products as well as the development of additional uses for existing products is critical to the Group’s ability to replace sales of older products that decline upon expiration of exclusive rights, and to increase overall sales.

Developing new pharmaceutical and vaccine products is a costly, lengthy and uncertain process. A new product candidate can fail at any stage of the development process, and one or more late stage product candidates could fail to receive regulatory approval. New product candidates may appear promising in development but, after significant investment of Group economic and human resources, may fail to reach the market or may have only limited commercial success. This could be, for example, as a result of efficacy or safety concerns, an inability to obtain necessary regulatory approvals, difficulty manufacturing or excessive manufacturing costs, erosion of patent coverage as a result of a lengthy development period, infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights of others or an inability to differentiate the product adequately from those with which it competes.

Furthermore, health authorities have increased their focus on safety and product differentiation when assessing the benefit/risk balance of drugs, which has made it more difficult for pharmaceutical and vaccine products to gain regulatory approval. There is also increasing pressure on healthcare budgets as a result of the financial crisis, the increase in the average age of the population in developed markets, and the Increase in the absolute population in developing markets. Payers, therefore, increasingly have demanded greater incremental benefit from pharmaceutical and vaccine products before agreeing to reimburse drug manufacturers at prices manufacturers consider appropriate. A failure to develop commercially successful products or to develop additional uses for existing products for any of these reasons could materially and adversely affect the Group’s financial results.

Protecting intellectual property rights

Risk description: Risks of failing to secure and protect intellectual property rights

Failure to obtain effective intellectual property protection for our products.

As an innovator Pharmaceutical, Vaccine and Consumer Healthcare company, the Group seeks to obtain appropriate intellectual property protection for our products. Our ability to obtain and enforce patents and other proprietary rights with regard to our products is critical to the Group’s business strategy and success.

In a number of markets in which the Group operates, the intellectual property laws and patent offices are still developing, and some markets may be unwilling to extend intellectual property protection to innovative products in a fashion similar to markets in more developed regions such as the EU, Japan and the USA or to enforce previously granted intellectual property rights.

The Group’s inability to obtain and enforce effective intellectual property protection for our products in certain markets could have a material adverse result on the Group’s financial results.

In some of the countries in which the Group operates, patent protection and data exclusivity may be significantly weaker than in the USA or the EU. Some developing countries have reduced, or threatened to reduce, effective patent protection for pharmaceutical products generally, or in particular therapeutic areas, to facilitate early competition within their markets from generic manufacturers. Any loss of patent protection, including reducing the scope of patent rights or compulsory licensing (in which a government forces a manufacturer to license its patents to a competitor), could materially and adversely affect the Group’s financial results in those markets. Absence of adequate patent or data exclusivity protection could limit the opportunity to rely on such markets for future sales growth for the Group’s products.

Expiry of intellectual property rights protection on the Group’s products and on competitive products; Competition from generic manufacturers.

Pharmaceutical and vaccine products are usually only protected from being copied by generic manufacturers during the period of exclusivity provided by an issued patent or related intellectual property rights such as Regulatory Data Protection or Orphan Drug status. Following expiry of intellectual property rights protection, a generic manufacturer may produce a generic version of the product.

The Group faces intense competition from manufacturers of generic pharmaceutical products in all of its major markets. Introduction of generic products, particularly in the USA where the Group has its highest turnover and margins, typically leads to a dramatic loss of sales and reduces the Group’s revenues and margins for its proprietary products. The Group had 10 pharmaceutical and vaccine products with over £500 million in annual global sales in 2012. For certain of these products, there is generic competition in the USA and some markets in Europe.

The timing and impact of entry in the USA and major markets in Europe for a ‘follow-on’ product toSeretide/Advair that contains the same active ingredients is uncertain. The US patent for compositions containing the combination of active substances inSeretide/Advair expired during 2010. The Group has not been notified of any acceptance by the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) of an application for a ‘follow-on’ product that refers toSeretide/Advair and contains the same active ingredients and is not able to predict when this may occur or when any such ‘follow-on’ product may enter the US market.

Generic drug manufacturers have also exhibited a readiness to market generic versions of many of the Group’s most important products prior to the expiration of the Group’s patents. Their efforts may involve challenges to the validity or enforceability of a Group patent or assertions that their generic product does not infringe the Group’s patents. If the Group is not successful in defending an attack on its patents and maintaining exclusive rights to market one or more of its major products, particularly in the USA and Europe, the Group’s financial results would be adversely affected. The expiration dates for patents for the Group’s major products and a description of litigation settlements which may affect the dates on which generic versions of the Group’s products may be introduced are set out on pages 229 to 230. Legal proceedings involving patent challenges are set out in Note 44 to the financial statements, ‘Legal proceedings’.

The Group may also experience an impact on sales of one of its products due to the expiry or loss of patent protection for a product marketed by a competitor in a similar product class or for treatment of a similar disease condition. The availability of generic products in the same or similar product class in which one of the Group’s products competes could have a material adverse impact on sales of the Group’s products.

Regulations outlining the requirements for establishing biosimilars and interchangeable products, as well as the operation of complicated patent litigation provisions, have not yet been proposed by the FDA, although the FDA currently is implementing the biosimilar pathway without such regulations, based on the statute and guidance documents. In Europe, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has finalised guidelines for similar biological medicinal products containing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Such new regulations for establishing biosimilars and interchangeable products could allow for earlier competition for certain of the Group’s products.

The loss of patent or data exclusivity protection for some or all of the Group’s products could have a material adverse impact on sales of the Group’s products.

Ensuring product quality

Risk description: Risk to the patient or consumer as a result of the failure by GSK, its contractors or suppliers to comply with good manufacturing practice regulations in commercial manufacturing or through inadequate governance of quality through product development

Patients, consumers and healthcare professionals trust the quality of our products at the point of use. A failure to ensure product quality is an enterprise risk which is applicable across all of the Group.

A failure to ensure product quality could have far reaching implications in terms of the health of our patients and customers, reputation, regulatory, legal, and financial consequences for the Group.

Product quality may be influenced by many factors including product and process understanding, consistency of manufacturing components, compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP), accuracy of labelling, reliability and security of the supply chain, and the embodiment of an overarching quality culture. The internal and external environment continues to evolve as new products, new markets and new legislation are introduced. Particular attention is currently being focused on global supply. In the EU, the new Falsified Medicines Directive is focused on security of supply. In the USA, the passage of the Food Drug and Administration Safety and Innovation Act (FDASIA) will focus attention on reducing current levels of drug shortages in the marketplace, and new cGMP legislation is being introduced in many emerging markets including China and Brazil. On the inspection front, pharmaceutical inspectors are increasingly looking for global application of corrective actions beyond the original site of inspection.

Maintaining product supply

Risk description: Risk of interruption of product supply

The manufacture of pharmaceutical and vaccine products and their constituent materials requires compliance with good manufacturing practice regulations. The Group’s manufacturing sites are subject to review and approval by the FDA and other regulatory agencies.

Compliance failure by the Group’s manufacturing facilities or by suppliers of key services and materials could lead to product recalls and seizures, interruption of production, delays in the approval of new products, and revoking of license to operate pending resolution of manufacturing issues. For example, non-compliance with cGMP requirements for US supply could ultimately result, in the most severe circumstances, in fines and disgorgement of profits. Any interruption of supply or the incurring of fines or disgorgement impacting significant products or markets could materially and adversely affect the Group’s financial results.

Materials and services provided by third-party suppliers are necessary for the commercial production of our products, including specialty chemicals, commodities and components necessary for the manufacture and packaging of many of the Group’s pharmaceutical, vaccine and consumer healthcare products. Some of the third-party services procured, for example, services provided by clinical research organisations to support development of key products, are very important to the operation of the Group’s businesses. Although the Group undertakes business continuity planning, single sourcing for certain components, bulk active materials, finished products, and services creates a risk of failure of supply in the event of regulatory non-compliance or physical disruption at the manufacturing sites. The failure of a small number of single-source, third-party suppliers or service providers to fulfil their contractual obligations in a timely manner or as a result of regulatory non-compliance or physical disruption at the manufacturing sites may result in delays or service interruptions, which may materially and adversely affect the Group’s financial results.

Securing adequate pricing and reimbursement

Risk description: Risk that the Group may fail to secure adequate pricing/reimbursement for its products or existing regimes of pricing laws and regulations become more unfavourable.

Pharmaceutical and vaccine products are subject to price controls or pressures and other restrictions in many markets, around the world. Some governments intervene directly in setting prices. In addition, in some markets, major purchasers of pharmaceutical or vaccine products (whether governmental agencies or private health care providers) have the economic power to exert substantial pressure on prices or the terms of access to formularies. Difficult economic conditions, particularly in the major markets in Europe, could increase the pricing pressures on the Group’s pharmaceutical and vaccine products. The Group cannot accurately predict whether existing controls, pressures or restrictions will increase or whether new controls, pressures or restrictions will be introduced. Such measures may materially and adversely affect the Group’s ability to introduce new products profitably and its financial results.

In the USA, where the Group has its highest margins and the most sales of any country, there are no direct government price controls over private sector purchases, but federal law requires pharmaceutical manufacturers to pay prescribed rebates on certain drugs to be eligible for reimbursement under several state and federal healthcare programmes, primarily Medicare and Medicaid. Pricing pressures are likely to increase as the US Government’s share of national health spending continues to increase.

Additionally, due to passage of comprehensive health care reform in 2010, the US Government’s role in providing or subsidising health insurance is expected to significantly expand in 2014, which indicates the growing role and leverage the government will bring to bear on the Group’s rebate liability with respect to US federal programs.

As part of ongoing deficit reduction discussions in the USA, the Obama administration recently has suggested that pharmaceutical manufacturers be required to offer federally mandated rebates to the government on drugs for people who are elderly and disabled and who qualify for both Medicare and Medicaid (known as ‘dual eligibles’). These individuals currently receive drug benefits through Medicare Part D. A manufacturer’s Medicare Part D rebates are negotiated with health plans and typically are lower than the federally mandated Medicaid rebates. If legislation passes requiring manufacturers to pay mandated Medicaid level rebates for the dual eligibles, there would be a significant additional rebate liability for pharmaceutical companies such as the Group.

In recent years, a number of states have also proposed or implemented various schemes to control the pharmacy budget for drugs used by their low-income and senior citizens’ programmes, including increasing the rebate liability of pharmaceutical companies, importation from other countries and bulk purchases of drugs.

Given the possible expansion of Medicaid under the US health care reform law and the economic pressures on state government budgets, pricing pressures on the Group’s pharmaceutical and vaccine products are likely to increase. Any of these trends may materially and adversely affect the Group’s financial results.

Compliance with relevant laws and regulations

Risk description: Risks arising from non-compliance with laws and regulations affecting the Group

The Group operates on a global basis and must comply with a broad range of laws and regulatory controls on the development, manufacturing, testing, approval, distribution and marketing of many of its pharmaceutical, vaccine and consumer healthcare products that affect not only the cost of product development but also the time required to reach the market and the uncertainty of successfully doing so. The Group operates globally in complex legal and regulatory environments that often vary among jurisdictions.

As those rules and regulations change or as governmental interpretation of those rules and regulations evolve, the potential exists for conduct of the Group to be called into question.

Historically, there have been more stringent regulatory requirements in developed markets. However, in recent years, emerging markets have been increasing their regulatory expectations based on their own national interpretations of US and EU standards. Stricter regulatory controls heighten the risk of changes in product profile or withdrawal by regulators on the basis of post-approval concerns over product safety, which could reduce revenues and result in product recalls and product liability lawsuits. There is also greater regulatory scrutiny, especially in the USA, on advertising and promotion and in particular on direct-to-consumer advertising.

Furthermore, interaction and exchange of information between the Group and external communities in order to advance scientific and medical understanding may be, or may be perceived to be, promotional in intent by regulators, potentially resulting in a loss of credibility with authorities, prescribers, and patients. Such an interpretation could result in a regulatory action or a government investigation which could have far-reaching effects including impacting product liability actions, the regulatory pathway for assets, significant fines, exclusion from government programs, and even individual criminal liability.

Additionally, the development of the post-approval adverse event profile for a product or the product class may materially and adversely affect the Group’s financial results.

The Group is also subject to laws of the USA, the EU and other jurisdictions regulating the export of its products to certain countries. For instance, Iran is subject to wide-ranging sanctions under the laws of the USA, the EU, and other jurisdictions. The Group has exported certain pharmaceutical and vaccine products from its Pharmaceuticals and Vaccines businesses, and certain healthcare products including over-the counter-medicines and medical devices from its Consumer Healthcare business, to Iran via sales by non-US entities to three privately held Iranian distributors. The Group also does business, via non-US entities, in other jurisdictions targeted by sanctions laws, including Cuba, Syria, and Sudan. Failure to comply with these laws could expose the Group to civil and criminal penalties, including fines, prosecution, the imposition of export or economic sanctions against the Group and reputational damage, all of which could materially and adversely affect the Group’s financial results.

U.S. law requires specific disclosure of certain dealings with Iran, including transactions or dealings with government-owned entities and entities sanctioned for activities related to terrorism or proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. We do not believe that our Iranian distributors fall within any of the relevant categories. However, while the Group has no direct knowledge of the identity of its distributors’ downstream customers, it is possible that these customers include entities, such as government-owned hospitals and pharmacies, that are owned or controlled directly or indirectly by the Iranian government or by persons or entities sanctioned in connection with terrorism or proliferation activities. The entire gross revenues from the Group’s sales to Iran in 2012 were £19.7 million and the net profits were £2.8 million; the Group is unable to ascertain the proportion of gross revenue or sales potentially attributable to entities affiliated with the Iranian government or persons sanctioned for terrorism or proliferation activities. Following a review of its business with Iran, the Group has ceased sales of products from its Consumer Healthcare business and intends to supply only products of high medical/public health need (as determined using criteria set by the World Health Organization) from its Pharmaceuticals and Vaccines businesses.

Changing global political and economic conditions

Risk description: Risk of exposure to various external political and economic conditions, as well as natural disaster that may impact the Group’s performance and ability to achieve its objectives

Many of the world’s largest economies, including the major markets in which the Group operates, and financial institutions have recently faced extreme financial difficulty, including a decline in asset prices, liquidity problems and limited availability of credit. In addition, the Group operates across a wide range of markets and these markets have the potential to encounter natural disasters that could impact business operations.

The economic uncertainty of 2011 continued into 2012, particularly in Europe. It is incorporated hereinuncertain how long these effects will last, or whether economic and financial trends will worsen or improve.

The austerity measures in certain countries in Europe have increased pressures on the payers in those countries to force healthcare companies such as the Group to decrease the price of its products. The debt crisis has given rise to concerns that some countries may not be able to pay for our products. Current economic conditions may also adversely affect the ability of our distributors, customers, suppliers and service providers to pay for our products, or otherwise to buy necessary inventory or raw materials, and to perform their obligations under agreements with the Group, which could disrupt our operations, and negatively impact our business and cash flow. Some of our distributors, customers, suppliers and service providers may be unable to pay their bills in a timely manner, or may even become insolvent, which could also negatively impact our business and results of operations. These risks may be elevated with respect to our interactions with third parties with substantial operations in countries where current economic conditions are the most severe, particularly where such third parties are themselves exposed to risk from business interactions directly with fiscally-challenged government payers.

Such continued economic weakness and uncertainty could materially and adversely affect the Group’s revenues, results of operations and financial condition. The Group’s businesses, including Pharmaceuticals, Vaccines and Consumer Healthcare, may be particularly sensitive to declines in consumer or government spending. In addition, further or renewed declines in asset prices may result in a lower return on the Group’s financial investments and may cause the value of the Group’s investments in its pension plans to decrease, requiring the Group to increase its funding of those pension plans. See Note 28 to the financial statements, ‘Pensions and other post-employment benefits’ for a discussion of the investment strategy and general pension overview.

The Group has no control over changes in inflation and interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and controls or other economic factors affecting its businesses or the possibility of political unrest, legal and regulatory changes or nationalisation in jurisdictions in which the Group operates.

Managing alliances and acquisitions

Risk description: Risks from alliances and acquisitions

As part of the Group’s strategy to diversify into new product areas and markets, the Group has grown, and expects to continue to grow, in part through acquisitions and business alliances. There is intense competition for alliance and acquisition candidates in the pharmaceutical industry, and, as such, the Group may be unable to make these deals on acceptable terms or at all. In acquiring or forming alliances with companies, the Group may assume significant debt, become subject to unknown or contingent liabilities or fail to realise the benefits expected from these transactions. For example, most pharmaceutical or biotech companies, including those that the Group may consider acquiring, are involved in patent disputes, product liability litigation, government investigations and other legal proceedings whose outcome is subject to considerable uncertainty.

The assumption of debt or unknown or contingent liabilities or the failure to realise the expected benefits may materially and adversely affect the Group’s financial results.

The process of integrating companies the Group may acquire may result in disruption to the ongoing business as the effort of integrating organisations in different locations and with, among other things, differing systems and corporate cultures may divert attention and resources, result in the loss of key employees or have other adverse consequences, any of which may materially and adversely affect the Group’s financial results.

Compliance with financial reporting and disclosure requirements

Risk description: Risk associated with financial reporting and disclosure and changes to accounting standards

New or revised accounting standards, rules and interpretations issued from time to time by reference.the International Accounting Standards Board could result in changes to the recognition of income and expense that may materially and adversely affect the Group’s financial results.

Under International Financial Reporting Standards, changes in the market valuation of certain financial instruments are required to be reflected in the Group’s reported results before those gains or losses are actually realised. This could have a significant impact on the income statement in any given period. Accounting for deferred taxation on inter-company inventory may give rise to volatility depending upon the Group entity that owns the inventory.

Regulators regularly review the financial statements of listed companies for compliance with accounting and regulatory requirements. The Group believes that it complies with the appropriate regulatory requirements concerning its financial statements and disclosures. However, other companies have experienced investigations into potential non-compliance with accounting and disclosure requirements that have resulted in restatements of previously reported results and sometimes significant penalties. Any such investigation and required restatement could materially and adversely affect the Group’s financial results.

Compliance with tax law and managing treasury investments

Risk description: Risk that as the Group’s business models and tax law and practice change over time, the Group’s existing tax policies and operating models are no longer appropriate, or that significant losses arise from treasury investments

The Group’s effective tax rate is driven by rates of tax in jurisdictions that are both higher and lower than that applied in the UK. In addition, many jurisdictions such as the UK, Belgium and the USA currently offer regimes that encourage innovation and new scientific endeavours by providing tax incentives, for example R&D tax credits, and lower tax rates on income derived from patents.

Furthermore, given the scale and international nature of the Group’s business, intra-group transfer pricing is an inherent tax risk as it is for other international businesses. Changes in tax laws or in their application with respect to matters such as transfer pricing, foreign dividends, controlled companies, R&D tax credits, taxation of intellectual property or a restriction in tax relief allowed on the interest on intra-group debt, could impact the Group’s effective tax rate and materially and adversely affect its financial results.

The tax charge included in the financial statements is the Group’s best estimate of its tax liability, but until such time as audits by tax authorities are concluded, there is a degree of uncertainty regarding the final tax liability for the period. The Group’s policy is to submit tax returns within the statutory time limits and engage with tax authorities to ensure that the Group’s tax affairs are as current as possible, and that any differences in the interpretation of tax legislation and regulation are resolved as quickly as possible. In exceptional cases where matters cannot be settled by agreement with tax authorities, the Group may have to resolve disputes through formal appeals or other proceedings.

For example, in October 2012, the Supreme Court of Canada delivered its decision on an appeal in respect of the Group’s transfer pricing, as discussed in Note 14 to the financial statements, ‘Taxation’. The Group, like other international businesses, is also subject to a range of other duties and taxes for which it incurs similar types of risk.

The Group deals in high value transactions on a frequent basis which may result in an increased risk of financial loss due to the mismanagement of cash or entering into high risk positions on hedge transactions, any of which could materially and adversely affect the Group’s financial results.

Compliance with anti-bribery and corruption legislation

Risk description: Risk of failing to create a corporate environment opposed to corruption or failing to instil business practices that prevent corruption and comply with anti-corruption legislation

The Group’s extensive and increasingly international operations may give rise to possible claims of bribery and corruption. The Group operates in a number of markets where the corruption risk has been identified as high by groups such as Transparency International. Failure to comply with applicable legislation such as the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the UK Bribery Act, or similar legislation in other countries, could expose the Group and senior officers to civil and criminal sanction.

This could potentially include fines, prosecution, debarment from public procurement and reputational damage, all of which could materially and adversely affect the Group’s financial results.

Potential litigation

Risk description: Risk of substantial adverse outcome of litigation and government investigations

Note 44 to the financial statements, ‘Legal proceedings’, contains a discussion of material proceedings and governmental investigations currently involving the Group which, if proven, could give rise to civil and/or criminal liabilities. Unfavourable resolution of these and similar future proceedings or investigations may have a material adverse effect on the Group’s financial condition and results of operations. As an example, in 2012, the Group entered into a settlement agreement with the US federal government resulting in a payment of US$3 billion by the Group. The Group has made provisions related to such legal proceedings and investigations, which have reduced its earnings.

In the future, the Group may also make additional significant provisions related to legal proceedings and investigations which would reduce its earnings. In many cases, the Group believes that it is the practice of the plaintiff bar to claim damages in amounts that bear no reasonable relationship to the underlying harm allegedly caused by the Group’s products or its actions. Accordingly, it may be potentially misleading for the Group to quantify, based on the amount of damages claimed, its potential exposure to claims, proceedings and investigations of the type described in Note 44 to the financial statements. ‘Legal proceedings’.

Recent insurance loss experience, including pharmaceutical product liability exposures, has increased the cost, and reduced the capacity, of insurers to provide coverage for pharmaceutical companies generally, including the Group.

Product liability litigation

Pre-clinical and clinical trials are conducted during the development of potential pharmaceutical, vaccine and consumer healthcare products to determine the safety and efficacy of the products for use by humans following approval by regulatory authorities. Notwithstanding the efforts the Group makes to determine the safety of its products through regulated clinical trials, unanticipated side effects may become evident only when drugs and vaccines are widely introduced into the marketplace.

In other instances, third-parties may perform analyses of published clinical trial results which, although not necessarily accurate or meaningful, may raise questions regarding the safety of pharmaceutical, vaccine or consumer healthcare products which may be publicised by the media and may result in product liability claims. The Group is currently a defendant in a substantial number of product liability lawsuits, including class actions, that involve significant claims for damages related to the Group’s pharmaceutical and consumer healthcare products. Litigation, particularly in the US, is inherently unpredictable. Class actions that sweep together all persons who were prescribed the Group’s products can inflate the potential liability by the force of numbers. Claims for pain and suffering and punitive damages are frequently asserted in product liability actions and, if allowed, can represent potentially open ended exposure and thus could materially and adversely affect the Group’s financial results.

In some cases, the Group may voluntarily cease marketing a product or face declining sales based on concerns about efficacy or safety, even in the absence of regulatory action.

Anti-trust litigation

In the USA, it has become increasingly common for patent infringement actions to prompt claims that anti-trust laws have been violated during the prosecution of the patent or during litigation involving the defence of that patent. Such claims by direct and indirect purchasers and other payers are typically filed as class actions. The relief sought may include treble damages and restitution claims. Similarly, anti-trust claims may be brought by government entities or private parties following settlement of patent litigation, alleging that such settlements are anti-competitive and in violation of anti-trust laws. In the USA and Europe, regulatory authorities have continued to challenge as anti-competitive so-called “reverse payment” settlements between innovator (branded) and generic drug manufacturers. The US Supreme Court is currently reviewing the legality of such settlement agreements. The Group may also be subject to other anti-trust litigation involving competition claims unrelated to patent infringement and prosecution. A successful anti-trust claim by a private party or government entity against the Group could materially and adversely affect the Group’s financial results.

Sales and marketing litigation

The Group operates globally in complex legal and regulatory environments that often vary among jurisdictions. The failure to comply with applicable laws, rules and regulations in these jurisdictions may result in civil and criminal legal proceedings brought against the Group by governmental entities at the federal and state levels and by private plaintiffs. As those rules and regulations change or as governmental interpretation of those rules and regulations evolve, conduct of the Group may be called into question.

In the USA, for example, the Group settled a number of federal and state investigations into the marketing of certain of its products and entered into a CIA with the federal government relating to the Group’s marketing and promotion of its products in the USA.

While the Group reached agreement in 2012 to resolve certain federal and state governmental investigations into the pricing, marketing and reimbursement of its prescription drug products, as detailed in Note 44 to the financial statements, ‘Legal proceedings’, additional related state investigations that have been initiated on the basis of the same factual claims could result in restitution or civil litigation on behalf of state governments, and could also result in related proceedings initiated against the Group by or on behalf of consumers and private payers. Such proceedings may result in trebling of damages awarded or fines in respect to each violation of law. The conduct of the Group could result in additional investigations in the future by the US federal and state governments and similar civil litigation. Any of these consequences could materially and adversely affect the Group’s financial results.

Managing environmental, health, safety and sustainability compliance

Risk description: Risk of ineffectively managing environment, health, safety, and sustainability (‘EHSS’) objectives and requirements

The environmental laws of various jurisdictions impose actual and potential obligations on the Group to remediate contaminated sites. The Group has also been identified as a potentially responsible party under the US Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act at a number of sites for remediation costs relating to the Group’s use or ownership of such sites.

Failure to manage properly the environmental risks could result in additional remedial costs that may materially and adversely affect the Group’s financial results. See Note 44 to the financial statements, ‘Legal proceedings’, for a discussion of environmental related proceedings in which the Group is involved. The Group routinely accrues amounts related to its liabilities for such matters.

The impact of this risk, should the risk occur, could lead to significant harm to people, the environment and communities in which the Group operates and the failure to meet stakeholder expectations and regulatory requirements.

Concentration of sales to wholesalers

Risk description: Risk from the Group’s sale of products to a small number of wholesalers

In the USA, similar to other pharmaceutical and vaccine companies, the Group sells its products through a small number of wholesalers in addition to hospitals, pharmacies, physicians and other groups. Sales to the three largest wholesalers amounted to approximately 81 % of the Group’s US Pharmaceuticals and Vaccines turnover in 2012.

At 31 December 2012, the Group had trade receivables due from these three wholesalers totalling £815 million (31 December 2011 - £934 million). The Group is exposed to a concentration of credit risk in respect of these wholesalers such that, if one or more are affected by financial difficulty, it could materially and adversely affect the Group’s financial results.

Protecting our information

Risk description: Risk of exposing business critical or sensitive data due to inadequate data governance or information systems security

The Group relies on critical and sensitive data, such as corporate strategic plans, personally identifiable information, trade secrets and intellectual property, to drive planning and operations. Security of this type of data is exposed to escalating external threats that are increasing in sophistication and changing from a goal of disruption to being financially or politically motivated.

Failure to implement appropriate safeguards to adequately protect against any unauthorised or unintentional access, acquisition, use, modification, loss or disclosure of this critical or sensitive data may adversely impact the Group’s ability to maintain patent rights and competitive advantages and may result in legal non-compliance resulting in fines and penalties or inability to sell product in a particular market.

Item 4.Information on the Company

The information set forth under the heading:

•      “About

of the GSK Annual Report 20112012 is incorporated herein by reference.

In addition, the information set forth under the headings:

of the GSK Annual Report 2012 is incorporated herein by reference.

The information set forth under the heading:

of the GSK Annual Report 2012 is incorporated herein by reference.

The information set forth under the headings:

•      “Risk factors” on pages 72 to 77;

•      “We are a science-led global healthcare company” on page 1;

•      “What we do” on page 2;

•      “Where we do it” on page 3;

•      “How we create value” on pages 4 to 5;

•      “How we deliver” on pages 6 to 7;

•      “How we performed” on pages 8 to 9;

•      “Chairman’s statement” on page 10;

•      “Chief Executive’s review” on pages 11 to 12;

•      “Our marketplace” on pages 13-15;

•      “Pharmaceutical products” on pages 239 to 240;

•      “Consumer Healthcare products” on page 241;

•      “Global Manufacturing and Supply” on page 41;